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Ko M, Frivold C, Mvundura M, Soble A, Gregory C, Christiansen H, Hasso-Agopsowicz M, Fu H, Jit M, Hsu S, Mistilis JJ, Scarna T, Earle K, Menozzi-Arnaud M, Giersing B, Jarrahian C, Yakubu A, Malvolti S, Amorij JP. An Application of an Initial Full Value of Vaccine Assessment Methodology to Measles-Rubella MAPs for Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1075. [PMID: 39340105 PMCID: PMC11435702 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles and rubella micro-array patches (MR-MAPs) are a promising innovation to address limitations of the current needle and syringe (N&S) presentation due to their single-dose presentation, ease of use, and improved thermostability. To direct and accelerate further research and interventions, an initial full value vaccine assessment (iFVVA) was initiated prior to MR-MAPs entering phase I trials to quantify their value and identify key data gaps and challenges. The iFVVA utilized a mixed-methods approach with rapid assessment of literature, stakeholder interviews and surveys, and quantitative data analyses to (i) assess global need for improved MR vaccines and how MR-MAPs could address MR problem statements; (ii) estimate costs and benefits of MR-MAPs; (iii) identify the best pathway from development to delivery; and (iv) identify outstanding areas of need where stakeholder intervention can be helpful. These analyses found that if MR-MAPs are broadly deployed, they can potentially reach an additional 80 million children compared to the N&S presentation between 2030-2040. MR-MAPs can avert up to 37 million measles cases, 400,000 measles deaths, and 26 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). MR-MAPs with the most optimal product characteristics of low price, controlled temperature chain (CTC) properties, and small cold chain volumes were shown to be cost saving for routine immunization (RI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to N&S. Uncertainties about price and future vaccine coverage impact the potential cost-effectiveness of introducing MR-MAPs in LMICs, indicating that it could be cost-effective in 16-81% of LMICs. Furthermore, this iFVVA highlighted the importance of upfront donor investment in manufacturing set-up and clinical studies and the critical influence of an appropriate price to ensure country and manufacturer financial sustainability. To ensure that MR-MAPs achieve the greatest public health benefit, MAP developers, vaccine manufacturers, donors, financiers, and policy- and decision-makers will need close collaboration and open communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ko
- MMGH Consulting GmbH, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Adam Soble
- MMGH Consulting GmbH, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Han Fu
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mark Jit
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | | | | | | | - Kristen Earle
- The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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Liku N, Mburu C, Lafond KE, Ebama M, Athman M, Swaleh S, Jewa I, Ngware E, Njenga V, Kiptoo E, Munyao C, Miano C, Anyango E, Thuo S, Matini W, Mirieri H, Otieno N, Athman M, Chanzera P, Awadh Z, Muthoni M, Kingori P, Kariuki Njenga M, Emukule GO, Osoro E, Tabu C, Dawa J. A qualitative assessment of influenza vaccine uptake among children in Kenya. Vaccine X 2024; 19:100507. [PMID: 38873637 PMCID: PMC11169957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza is a significant contributor to acute respiratory infections (ARI), and children < 5 years are at increased risk of severe influenza disease. In Kenya the influenza vaccine is not included in the Kenya Expanded Programme on Immunization (KEPI). To inform roll-out of a national influenza vaccination program, we implemented an influenza vaccine demonstration project in Nakuru and Mombasa counties in Kenya from 2019 to 2021 and set out to establish factors driving influenza vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among caregivers of children aged 6-23 months. Methods Using semi-structured questionnaires, we conducted eight focus group discussions among community members and twelve key informant interviews among healthcare workers to elicit both lay and expert opinions. Thematic analysis of the interviews was conducted using the World Health Organization's "3 Cs" model of vaccine hesitancy to determine reasons for acceptance or hesitancy of the influenza vaccine. Results The influenza vaccine was well received among community members and healthcare workers though concerns were raised. Vaccine hesitancy was fuelled by misconceptions about reasons for introducing the vaccine (confidence), perceptions that influenza was not a serious disease (complacency) and administrative fees required at some facilities (convenience). Despite the use of various advocacy, communication and social mobilisation strategies targeted at educating the community on the influenza disease and importance of vaccination, there remained a perception of inadequate reach of the sensitization among some community members. Contextual factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic affected uptake, and parents expressed concern over the growing number of vaccines recommended for children. Conclusion Despite lingering concerns, caregivers had their children vaccinated indicating that vaccine hesitancy exists, even among those who accepted the vaccine for their children. Efforts targeted at increasing confidence in and reducing misconceptions towards vaccines through effective communication strategies, are likely to lead to increased vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzisa Liku
- Influenza Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caroline Mburu
- Department of Social Anthropology, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Kathryn E. Lafond
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Malembe Ebama
- Partnership for Influenza Vaccine Introduction, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mamu Athman
- Mombasa County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Mombasa County, Kenya
| | - Salma Swaleh
- Mombasa County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Mombasa County, Kenya
| | - Isaac Jewa
- Mombasa County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Mombasa County, Kenya
| | - Elen Ngware
- Nakuru County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Nakuru County, Kenya
| | - Virginia Njenga
- Nakuru County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Nakuru County, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Kiptoo
- Nakuru County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Nakuru County, Kenya
| | - Catherine Munyao
- National Vaccines and Immunisation Program, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Christine Miano
- National Vaccines and Immunisation Program, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Edwina Anyango
- National Vaccines and Immunisation Program, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Samson Thuo
- National Vaccines and Immunisation Program, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Wycliffe Matini
- Division of Disease Surveillance and Response, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Harriet Mirieri
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy Otieno
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Mwanasha Athman
- Jomvu Sub-County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Mombasa County, Kenya
| | - Patrick Chanzera
- Jomvu Sub-County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Mombasa County, Kenya
| | - Zahra Awadh
- Likoni Sub-County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Mombasa County, Kenya
| | - Monica Muthoni
- Nakuru North Sub-County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Nakuru County, Kenya
| | - Patrick Kingori
- Njoro Sub-County Health Management Team, Department of Health, Nakuru County, Kenya
| | - M. Kariuki Njenga
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Gideon O. Emukule
- Influenza Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Osoro
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, USA
| | - Collins Tabu
- National Vaccines and Immunisation Program, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Jeanette Dawa
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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3
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Adugna B, Tola A, Fite MB, Motuma A. Determinants of second-dose measles vaccination dropout in Ethiopia: A community-based matched case-control study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30764. [PMID: 38756559 PMCID: PMC11096893 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Measles vaccination is the most important public health intervention and a cost-effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality in under-five children. Although Ethiopia's government developed a measles elimination strategic plan by 2020, the full coverage of immunization was 43 %. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of second-dose measles vaccination (MCV2) dropout among children aged 24-35 months in East Bale Zone, Ethiopia. Method A community-based matched case-control study was conducted among 351 children (117 cases and 234 controls). Children who received the first dose of measles vaccine but did not receive the second dose were cases, and children who received both doses of measles vaccine were control. The matches were based on age and residence. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epi Data 3.1, cleaned, exported, and analyzed using Stata version 16.1. A multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was performed. Variables with a P value of <0.05 were considered significant determinants of the dependent variable at the 95 % confidence level. Results Mothers who were unable to read and write (mAOR: 4.0; 95 % CI: 1.59-10.2), did not receive counseling (mAOR: 3.19; 95 % CI: 1.62-6.27), spent ≥30 min to reach health facilities (mAOR; 2.76, 95 % CI: 1.25-6.1), and did not attend postnatal care (mAOR; 3.46, 95 % CI: 1.58-7.57) were significantly and positively associated with second-dose measles vaccination dropout. In addition, mothers who had poor knowledge of second-dose measles vaccination (mAOR; 3.20, 95 % CI: 1.50-6.70) and waited more than an hour for measles vaccination at health facilities (mAOR; 2.61, 95 % CI: 1.0-6.20) were significantly more likely to experience second-dose measles vaccine dropout. Conclusions The key factors associated with second-dose measles vaccination dropout are maternal illiteracy, lack of PNC, inadequate maternal knowledge and poor counseling about MCV2 vaccination, long distances travel to healthcare facilities and extended waiting times at vaccination providing sites. Health extension workers emphasize strengthening home visit programs in catchment households to improve mothers' awareness of measles vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Assefa Tola
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Belete Fite
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Aboma Motuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Parums DV. A Review of the Resurgence of Measles, a Vaccine-Preventable Disease, as Current Concerns Contrast with Past Hopes for Measles Elimination. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944436. [PMID: 38525549 PMCID: PMC10946219 DOI: 10.12659/msm.944436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
On 22 February 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that, following the recent resurgence of measles cases in Europe, more than half the world's countries could expect significant measles outbreaks this year. Measles is a highly infectious virus with a primary case reproduction number (R0) of 12-18. Measles infection can be severe, resulting in pneumonia, and also more rarely in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), which occurs in 1 child out of every 1,000 and can be fatal. Until the 1990s, the hope of eliminating measles seemed possible following the successful development of effective vaccines, given individually or in the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy due to misinformation about possible vaccine side effects, reduced vaccine uptake during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and lack of awareness of the severe consequences of measles infection have contributed to low vaccine uptake, resulting in vulnerable communities. This article aims to review the recent resurgence of measles cases in the US, Europe, and the UK, to provide a reminder of the potential severity of measles, and to consider the causes of the failure to eliminate this vaccine-preventable viral infection.
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Zibolenová J, Malobická E, Ulbrichtová R, Novák M, Chladná Z, Waczulíková I, Litvová S, Mikas J, Mečochová A, Hudečková H. Probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in adult population - Estimation from seroepidemiology and historical data. Vaccine 2024; 42:1648-1655. [PMID: 38342718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination against measles is one of the most effective public health interventions which has saved millions of lives and interrupted circulation of the natural virus in the population. However, it is widely accepted that the immunity after vaccination can wane, especially in those who have had no contact with the virus. This study aimed to classify the particular birth cohorts of adults with regard to their exposure to the wild measles virus in the population with a long history of mandatory vaccination. We introduced two methods. In the first, we estimated the probability of exposure to the wild virus through an analysis of antibody levels from the Immunologic Survey performed in the Slovak Republic in 2018, while the second was based on historical epidemiological data. Both methods resulted in similar estimations. Cohorts born in Slovakia before 1964 can be considered to be cohorts in which most people were exposed to the wild measles virus. Cohorts born after 1977 can be designated as cohorts that most likely did not come into the contact with the wild virus. Cohorts born between 1965 and 1976 are composed of a mixture, with a decreasing proportion of people exposed to the wild virus with increasing year of birth. The proposed methods can help identify potential immunity gaps in the adult population. They can be applied in other countries with high measles vaccination coverage to estimate the probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in particular birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zibolenová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Malobická
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Romana Ulbrichtová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Chladná
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Waczulíková
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Slávka Litvová
- Faculty of Healthcare, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mikas
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Mečochová
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Hudečková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Saravanan V, Chagaleti BK, Narayanan PL, Anandan VB, Manoharan H, Anjana GV, Peraman R, Namasivayam SKR, Kavisri M, Arockiaraj J, Muthu Kumaradoss K, Moovendhan M. Discovery and development of COVID-19 vaccine from laboratory to clinic. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14383. [PMID: 37953736 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The world has recently experienced one of the biggest and most severe public health disasters with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) which is one of the most widespread and powerful infections affecting human lungs. Current figures show that the epidemic had reached 216 nations, where it had killed about 6,438,926 individuals and infected 590,405,710. WHO proclaimed the outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), in 2014 that killed hundreds of people in West Africa. The development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 becomes more difficult due to the viral mutation in its non-structural proteins (NSPs) especially NSP2 and NSP3, S protein, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2, dynamics of the genomic sequence, and spike protein mutations are very important for the successful development of vaccines with good efficacy. Hence, the vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 faces specific challenges starting from viral mutation. The requirement of long-term immunity development, safety, efficacy, stability, vaccine allocation, distribution, and finally, its cost is discussed in detail. Currently, 169 vaccines are in the clinical development stage, while 198 vaccines are in the preclinical development stage. The majority of these vaccines belong to the Ps-Protein subunit type which has 54, and the minor BacAg-SPV (Bacterial antigen-spore expression vector) type, at least 1 vaccination. The use of computational methods and models for vaccine development has revolutionized the traditional methods of vaccine development. Further, this updated review highlights the upcoming vaccine development strategies in response to the current pandemic and post-pandemic era, in the field of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - Bharath Kumar Chagaleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - Pavithra Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - Vijay Babu Anandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - Haritha Manoharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - G V Anjana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Hajipur, India
| | - S Karthik Raja Namasivayam
- Department of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - M Kavisri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Deemed University, Chennai, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - Meivelu Moovendhan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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De Francesco MA. Measles Resurgence in Europe: An Open Breakthrough in the Field of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:1192. [PMID: 37887708 PMCID: PMC10609729 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles is a highly transmissible respiratory infection due to an enveloped, negative single-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the genus Morbillivirus, the family Paramyxoviridae and the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia De Francesco
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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8
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Facciolà A, Visalli G. Past and Future of Vaccinations: From Jenner to Nanovaccinology. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020384. [PMID: 36851262 PMCID: PMC9958928 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, vaccines are the most effective and safe weapons available to public health for the primary prevention of infectious diseases [...].
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Talking about the Vaccine after the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Youth in Turkey and Ethical Issues. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010104. [PMID: 36679949 PMCID: PMC9860747 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Examining the factors that affect the vaccination rate among young people in an ethical frame can support vaccination promotion. Therefore, this study will elaborate, through an ethical lens, on young people's hesitation about and decisions regarding getting vaccinated. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 2428 people aged 15-30 in Turkey in June 2022. The questionnaire included the following subtitles: psycho-social situation, health services and health policies, COVID-19 vaccine, and predictions about life and health after the pandemic. The average age was 22.9 years. In the study sample, 80% were vaccinated, while 20% were not. Vaccinated participants acted more cautiously to protect their health. Receiving accurate and sufficient information on proposed vaccines affects vaccination status. The primary reason for getting vaccinated was "to protect their health, families, and relatives", and the primary reason for not getting vaccinated was "not trusting the vaccine content or the country where the vaccine was produced". Specifically, those vaccinated felt more relaxed physically, psychologically, and socially. In addition, the expectations for the future of those vaccinated were significantly higher. Accurate and adequate information is essential for reducing vaccine hesitancy. In addition, promoting prosocial behaviors in young people and highlighting related values will support vaccination.
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10
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Schneider S, Carlson A, Sirandas B, Clark B, Truax C. Serologic evaluation of vaccine preventable infections and vaccination rates in kidney transplant candidates. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13973. [PMID: 36263508 PMCID: PMC9874435 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing vaccine serologic status presents opportunities to provide live vaccinations to kidney transplant candidates (KTC). This is especially important given the increased risk of infection while taking lifelong immunosuppression following transplant and the inability to routinely provide live vaccines to patients on immunosuppressive medications. In March 2019, the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Disease Community of Practice (AST-IDCOP) released updated guidelines for vaccination of KTC, which emphasize pretransplant viral serology screening and live vaccine administration prior to transplant. PRIMARY ENDPOINT The primary endpoint of this study was to determine adherence to AST-IDCOP guidelines for live measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and VZV vaccination prior to transplant in KTC non-immune by serology. METHODS This retrospective, descriptive study examined serologic status and rates of live vaccination in 672 patients listed for kidney transplant at our center between July 2014 and July 2019. Secondary endpoints included subgroup analysis of adherence to full AST-IDCOP vaccination recommendations and validation of CDC presumed immunity definitions for measles and VZV. RESULTS Seventeen patients (2.7%) were nonimmune by serology for VZV, while 182 (27.1%) were nonimmune by serology to MMR. In a subgroup analysis of the seronegative KTC, none received VZV vaccination, and 6% received MMR vaccination prior to transplant or last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Overall, a large portion of KTC had immunity gaps that were not resolved before transplantation. These findings are limited due to the retrospective, single-center nature of this study and should be confirmed with larger, prospective assessments of serologic status and vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy ServicesUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,Department of Pharmacy ServicesUniversity of Kansas HealthKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Adrian Carlson
- Department of Pharmacy ServicesUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,Department of Pharmacy ServicesMedical University of South CarolinaLancaster DivisionSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Bhanupriya Sirandas
- Department of Pharmacy ServicesUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Breanna Clark
- Department of Pharmacy ServicesUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,Department of Pharmacy ServicesSaint Luke's Hospital of Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Crystal Truax
- Department of Pharmacy ServicesUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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11
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Alvarez-Zuzek LG, Zipfel CM, Bansal S. Spatial clustering in vaccination hesitancy: The role of social influence and social selection. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010437. [PMID: 36227809 PMCID: PMC9562150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy behavior has gained ground over the last three decades, jeopardizing the maintenance of herd immunity. This behavior tends to cluster spatially, creating pockets of unprotected sub-populations that can be hotspots for outbreak emergence. What remains less understood are the social mechanisms that can give rise to spatial clustering in vaccination behavior, particularly at the landscape scale. We focus on the presence of spatial clustering, and aim to mechanistically understand how different social processes can give rise to this phenomenon. In particular, we propose two hypotheses to explain the presence of spatial clustering: (i) social selection, in which vaccine-hesitant individuals share socio-demographic traits, and clustering of these traits generates spatial clustering in vaccine hesitancy; and (ii) social influence, in which hesitant behavior is contagious and spreads through neighboring societies, leading to hesitant clusters. Adopting a theoretical spatial network approach, we explore the role of these two processes in generating patterns of spatial clustering in vaccination behaviors under a range of spatial structures. We find that both processes are independently capable of generating spatial clustering, and the more spatially structured the social dynamics in a society are, the higher spatial clustering in vaccine-hesitant behavior it realizes. Together, we demonstrate that these processes result in unique spatial configurations of hesitant clusters, and we validate our models of both processes with fine-grain empirical data on vaccine hesitancy, social determinants, and social connectivity in the US. Finally, we propose, and evaluate the effectiveness of two novel intervention strategies to diminish hesitant behavior. Our generative modeling approach informed by unique empirical data provides insights on the role of complex social processes in driving spatial heterogeneity in vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila G. Alvarez-Zuzek
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Casey M. Zipfel
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Shweta Bansal
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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12
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Jones J, Trombley TE, Trombley MP. Impact of cultural tightness on vaccination rate. RISK MANAGEMENT AND INSURANCE REVIEW 2022; 25:367-389. [PMID: 36249080 PMCID: PMC9538307 DOI: 10.1111/rmir.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We find that cultural tightness, that is, the level of social punishment for violating norms, is associated with lower vaccination rates against COVID-19 across both states and counties in the United States. This is consistent with individuals in tighter cultures being more likely to base risk management decisions on social norms rather than on advice from experts and leaders. It is also consistent with our documentation of a social norm against COVID-19 vaccination. This implies that when a society depends on individual action to help manage society-wide risks, social norms can influence the degree to which individuals in tighter societies will engage in actions that minimize the overall risk to the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jones
- Katie School of Insurance & Risk Management, College of BusinessIllinois State UniversityNormalIllinoisUSA
| | - Timothy E. Trombley
- Department of Finance, Insurance, and Law, College of BusinessIllinois State UniversityNormalIllinoisUSA
| | - Michael P. Trombley
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts & SciencesButler UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
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13
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Kuzmichev A, Harada NM, Griffith DM, Powell KM, Dean HD. Public Health Reports in 2021: Impact Factor Increase and New Article Collections on Racism and COVID-19. Public Health Rep 2022; 137:397-407. [PMID: 35435072 PMCID: PMC9109544 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kuzmichev
- Public Health Reports,
Office of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services,
Washington, DC, USA
| | - Noelle M. Harada
- Public Health Reports,
Office of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services,
Washington, DC, USA
| | - Derek M. Griffith
- Racial Justice Institute, Center for
Men’s Health Equity, Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown
University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Krista M. Powell
- CDR, US Public Health Service, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hazel D. Dean
- Public Health Reports,
Office of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services,
Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious, potentially fatal, but vaccine-preventable disease caused by measles virus. Symptoms include fever, maculopapular rash, and at least one of cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis, although vaccinated individuals can have milder or even no symptoms. Laboratory diagnosis relies largely on the detection of specific IgM antibodies in serum, dried blood spots, or oral fluid, or the detection of viral RNA in throat or nasopharyngeal swabs, urine, or oral fluid. Complications can affect many organs and often include otitis media, laryngotracheobronchitis, pneumonia, stomatitis, and diarrhoea. Neurological complications are uncommon but serious, and can occur during or soon after the acute disease (eg, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) or months or even years later (eg, measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). Patient management mainly involves supportive therapy, such as vitamin A supplementation, monitoring for and treatment of secondary bacterial infections with antibiotics, and rehydration in the case of severe diarrhoea. There is no specific antiviral therapy for the treatment of measles, and disease control largely depends on prevention. However, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles is still endemic in many countries and causes considerable morbidity and mortality, especially among children in resource-poor settings. The low case numbers reported in 2020, after a worldwide resurgence of measles between 2017 and 2019, have to be interpreted cautiously, owing to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on disease surveillance. Disrupted vaccination activities during the pandemic increase the potential for another resurgence of measles in the near future, and effective, timely catch-up vaccination campaigns, strong commitment and leadership, and sufficient resources will be required to mitigate this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache
- Laboratoire des Virus Entériques et de la Rougeole, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Julia Dina
- Virology Department, Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1311 DynaMicURe, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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15
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Wawrzuta D, Jaworski M, Gotlib J, Panczyk M. Social Media Sharing of Articles About Measles in a European Context: Text Analysis Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e30150. [PMID: 34570715 PMCID: PMC8663483 DOI: 10.2196/30150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the existence of an effective vaccine, measles still threatens the health and lives of many Europeans. Notably, during the COVID-19 pandemic, measles vaccine uptake declined; as a result, after the pandemic, European countries will have to increase vaccination rates to restore the extent of vaccination coverage among the population. Because information obtained from social media are one of the main causes of vaccine hesitancy, knowledge of the nature of information pertaining to measles that is shared on social media may help create educational campaigns. Objective In this study, we aim to define the characteristics of European news about measles shared on social media platforms (ie, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest) from 2017 to 2019. Methods We downloaded and translated (into English) 10,305 articles on measles published in European Union countries. Using latent Dirichlet allocation, we identified main topics and estimated the sentiments expressed in these articles. Furthermore, we used linear regression to determine factors related to the number of times a given article was shared on social media. Results We found that, in most European social media posts, measles is only discussed in the context of local European events. Articles containing educational information and describing world outbreaks appeared less frequently. The most common emotions identified from the study’s news data set were fear and trust. Yet, it was found that readers were more likely to share information on educational topics and the situation in Germany, Ukraine, Italy, and Samoa. A high amount of anger, joy, and sadness expressed within the text was also associated with a higher number of shares. Conclusions We identified which features of news articles were related to increased social media shares. We found that social media users prefer sharing educational news to sharing informational news. Appropriate emotional content can also increase the willingness of social media users to share an article. Effective media content that promotes measles vaccinations should contain educational or scientific information, as well as specific emotions (such as anger, joy, or sadness). Articles with this type of content may offer the best chance of disseminating vital messages to a broad social media audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wawrzuta
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaworski
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gotlib
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Li C, Douglas M, Zahidi R, Josiah Willock R, Caplan L, Baltrus P, Gillis E, Mack D, Gaglioti A. Racial and ethnic disparities in H1N1 vaccine uptake in Medicaid: Lessons learned for a COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101588. [PMID: 34642618 PMCID: PMC8498984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Racial and ethnic minorities in the US have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and are at risk for disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations. The H1N1 flu vaccine experience provides lessons learned to address and prevent racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations. We aim to identify racial/ethnic and geographic disparities in H1N1 vaccinations among Medicaid enrollees to inform equitable COVID-19 vaccination policies and strategies. Methods The study population included people under 65 who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid in 2009 and 2010 from 28 states and the District of Columbia. H1N1 vaccinations were identified from Medicaid outpatient claims. Vaccination rates were calculated for the overall sample and subpopulations by race/ethnicity and state. Results 3,708,894 (12.3%) Medicaid enrollees in the sample were vaccinated for H1N1 in 2009-2010. Race-specific vaccination rates ranged from 8.1% in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) to 19.8% in Asian/Pacific Islander Medicaid enrollees. NHB enrollees had lower vaccination rates than non-Hispanic White (NHW) enrollees in all states, with the exceptions of Maryland, Missouri, Ohio, and Washington. The largest disparity between NHB and NHW was in Pennsylvania (1.0% vs. 7.0%), while the largest absolute difference between NHB and NHW enrollees was in Georgia (17.4% vs. 30.7%). Conclusions Our study found huge variation in H1N1 vaccinations across states and racial/ethnic disparities in H1N1 vaccinations within states. In most states, NHB and AI/AN Medicaid enrollees had lower vaccination rates than Whites. Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander Medicaid enrollees in most states had higher vaccination rates than Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Li
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Megan Douglas
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States.,Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Rabab Zahidi
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Robina Josiah Willock
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Lee Caplan
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Peter Baltrus
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States.,Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Eric Gillis
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Dominic Mack
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States.,Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Anne Gaglioti
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, SWAtlanta, GA 30310, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Perri Klass
- From the Department of Journalism, New York University (P.K.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (P.K., A.J.R.) and Microbiology (A.J.R.), and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (A.J.R.), Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York
| | - Adam J Ratner
- From the Department of Journalism, New York University (P.K.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (P.K., A.J.R.) and Microbiology (A.J.R.), and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (A.J.R.), Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York
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18
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Vassantachart JM, Yeo AH, Vassantachart AY, Jacob SE, Golkar L. Art of prevention: The importance of measles recognition and vaccination. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 6:89-93. [PMID: 32258338 PMCID: PMC7105691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is a viral infection that has a characteristic pattern of prodromal symptoms followed by a rash. Previously considered an inevitable childhood condition, measles is known as the "first" classic childhood exanthem. For most children, measles was a one-time, short-term illness; however, some children developed complications that led to severe sequelae and death. The introduction of the measles vaccine dramatically decreased the number of cases, but the current trend against vaccination has caused outbreaks of the condition. We propose the implementation of the AAA approach (assume, advise, and answer) as a way for providers to directly encourage the administration of the vaccine and prevent future cases of measles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony H. Yeo
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | | | - Sharon E. Jacob
- Department of Dermatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Linda Golkar
- Department of Dermatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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