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Peden DB, Almond M, Brooks C, Robinette C, Wells H, Burbank A, Hernandez M, Hinderliter A, Caughey M, Jiang Q, Wang Q, Li H, Zhou H, Alexis N. A pilot randomized clinical trial of γ-tocopherol supplementation on wood smoke-induced neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100177. [PMID: 37876758 PMCID: PMC10590746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Air pollutants, including particulates from wood smoke, are a significant cause of exacerbation of lung disease. γ-Tocopherol is an anti-inflammatory isoform of vitamin E that has been shown to reduce allergen-, ozone-, and endotoxin-induced inflammation. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether γ-tocopherol would prevent experimental wood smoke-induced airway inflammation in humans. Methods This was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial testing the effect of a short course of γ-tocopherol-enriched supplementation on airway inflammation following a controlled exposure to wood smoke particulates. Results Short-course γ-tocopherol intervention did not reduce wood smoke-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation, but it did prevent wood smoke-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation. Conclusion γ-Tocopherol is a potential intervention for exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation, but further study examining longer dosing periods is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martha Almond
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christian Brooks
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carole Robinette
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Heather Wells
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Allison Burbank
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michelle Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alan Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Melissa Caughey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind
| | - Qianyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Neil Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Teo CWL, Png SJY, Ung YW, Yap WN. Therapeutic effects of intranasal tocotrienol-rich fraction on rhinitis symptoms in platelet-activating factor induced allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:52. [PMID: 35698169 PMCID: PMC9195334 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been suggested to be a potent inflammatory mediator in Allergic rhinitis (AR) pathogenesis. Vitamin E, an essential nutrient that comprises tocopherol and tocotrienol, is known as a potential therapeutic agent for airway allergic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of intranasal Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on PAF-induced AR in a rat model. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: Control, PAF-induced AR and PAF-induced AR with TRF treatment. To induce AR, 50 μl of 16 μg/ml PAF was nasally instilled into each nostril. From day 1 to 7 after AR induction, 10 μl of 16 μg/μl TRF was delivered intranasally to the TRF treatment group. Complete upper skulls were collected for histopathological evaluation on day 8. Results The average severity scores of AR were significantly higher in the PAF-induced AR rats compared to both control and PAF-induced AR with TRF treatment. The histologic examination of the nasal structures showed moderate degree of inflammation and polymorphonuclear cells infiltration in the lamina propria, mucosa damage and vascular congestion in the PAF-induced AR rats. TRF was able to ameliorate the AR symptoms by restoring the nasal structures back to normal. H&E staining demonstrated a statistically significant benefit upon TRF treatment, where minimal degree of inflammation, and a reduction in the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells, mucosa damage and vascular congestion were observed. Conclusion TRF exhibited symptomatic relief action in AR potentially due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Wei Ling Teo
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Synapse, 138623, Singapore, Singapore. .,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas (KLK Oleo), Level 8, Menara KLK, No 1, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Stephanie Jia Ying Png
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Wei Ung
- Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas (KLK Oleo), Level 8, Menara KLK, No 1, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Synapse, 138623, Singapore, Singapore.,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas (KLK Oleo), Level 8, Menara KLK, No 1, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cook-Mills JM, Averill SH, Lajiness JD. Asthma, allergy and vitamin E: Current and future perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:388-402. [PMID: 34785320 PMCID: PMC9109636 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic disease result from interactions of environmental exposures and genetics. Vitamin E is one environmental factor that can modify development of allergy early in life and modify responses to allergen after allergen sensitization. Seemingly varied outcomes from vitamin E are consistent with the differential functions of the isoforms of vitamin E. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the vitamin E isoforms α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol have opposite functions in regulation of allergic inflammation and development of allergic disease, with α-tocopherol having anti-inflammatory functions and γ-tocopherol having pro-inflammatory functions in allergy and asthma. Moreover, global differences in prevalence of asthma by country may be a result, at least in part, of differences in consumption of these two isoforms of tocopherols. It is critical in clinical and animal studies that measurements of the isoforms of tocopherols be determined in vehicles for the treatments, and in the plasma and/or tissues before and after intervention. As allergic inflammation is modifiable by tocopherol isoforms, differential regulation by tocopherol isoforms provide a foundation for development of interventions to improve lung function in disease and raise the possibility of early life dietary interventions to limit the development of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Samantha H Averill
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jacquelyn D Lajiness
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Jiang Q, Im S, Wagner JG, Hernandez ML, Peden DB. Gamma-tocopherol, a major form of vitamin E in diets: Insights into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mechanisms, and roles in disease management. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:347-359. [PMID: 34896589 PMCID: PMC8826491 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-Tocopherol (γT) is a major form of vitamin E in the US diet and the second most abundant vitamin E in the blood and tissues, while α-tocopherol (αT) is the predominant vitamin E in tissues. During the last >25 years, research has revealed that γT has unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities relevant to disease prevention compared to αT. While both compounds are potent lipophilic antioxidants, γT but not αT can trap reactive nitrogen species by forming 5-nitro-γT, and appears to show superior protection of mitochondrial function. γT inhibits ionophore-stimulated leukotrienes by blocking 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) translocation in leukocytes, decreases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed prostaglandins in macrophages and blocks the growth of cancer cells but not healthy cells. For these activities, γT is stronger than αT. Moreover, γT is more extensively metabolized than αT via cytochrome P-450 (CYP4F2)-initiated side-chain oxidation, which leads to formation of metabolites including 13'-carboxychromanol (13'-COOH) and carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman (γ-CEHC). 13'-COOH and γ-CEHC are shown to be the predominant metabolites found in feces and urine, respectively. Interestingly, γ-CEHC has natriuretic activity and 13'-COOH inhibits both COX-1/-2 and 5-LOX activity. Consistent with these mechanistic findings of γT and metabolites, studies show that supplementation of γT mitigates inflammation and disease symptoms in animal models with induced inflammation, asthma and cancer. In addition, supplementation of γT decreased inflammation markers in patients with kidney diseases and mild asthma. These observations support that γT may be useful against inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA.
| | - Suji Im
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, USA
| | - David B Peden
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, USA
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Shams MH, Jafari R, Eskandari N, Masjedi M, Kheirandish F, Ganjalikhani Hakemi M, Ghasemi R, Varzi AM, Sohrabi SM, Baharvand PA, Safari M. Anti-allergic effects of vitamin E in allergic diseases: An updated review. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107196. [PMID: 33221170 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are caused by the immune system's response to innocent antigens called allergens. Recent decades have seen a significant increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases worldwide, which has imposed various socio-economic effects in different countries. Various factors, including genetic factors, industrialization, improved hygiene, and climate change contribute to the development of allergic diseases in many parts of the world. Moreover, changes in lifestyle and diet habits play pivotal roles in the prevalence of allergic diseases. Dietary changes caused by decreased intake of antioxidants such as vitamin E lead to the generation of oxidative stress, which is central to the development of allergic diseases. It has been reported in many articles that oxidative stress diverts immune responses to the cells associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The aim of this short review was to summarize current knowledge about the anti-allergic properties of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Shams
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Masjedi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Ghasemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali-Mohammad Varzi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Mohsen Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Mozhgan Safari
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicines, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
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6
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Kaya Z, Yayla M, Cinar I, Celebi D, Toktay E, Bayraktutan Z, Bilici D. Effect of Montelukast, a Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonist, on a Rat Model of Acute Bacterial Sinonasal Inflammation. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:559-566. [PMID: 31129976 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419852576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate montelukast (MONT), a leukotriene receptor antagonist, as a potential treatment protocol and/or supportive therapy against acute bacterial sinonasal inflammation by histopathological and molecular analyses. Material and Methods A total of 30 rats were used in the study. The nasal dorsum was sterilized, and gelatin sponges were inserted into the right nasal cavities. The nostrils were then inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) for rhinosinusitis (RS) induction. Rats were treated once daily for 7 days with an injection of saline, either cefazolin sodium (CEFA) or MONT. Tissue samples were collected for examination. Results To evaluate whether CEFA and MONT were able to attenuate the SA-induced nasal inflammation, we analyzed the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the nasal tissue of rats by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α ( P ≤ .05) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) ( P ≤ .05) increased in the SA-induced group, when compared with the healthy control. MONT treatment significantly reversed these elevations, especially IL-1α messenger RNA expression levels induced by SA. Also, CEFA administration significantly changed the proinflammatory cytokine levels when compared to the SA group, but this effect was not as strong as MONT. Also, histopathological findings supported the beneficial effects of MONT. Conclusion This study histopathologically and molecularly showed that MONT significantly ameliorated the SA-associated sinonasal inflammatory reaction, both alone and in combination with CEFA. These results may suggest that MONT may block the inflammatory reaction underlying RS even more significantly by antioxidative or anti-inflammatory effects. This study suggests MONT as a future potential therapeutic agent for RS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülküf Kaya
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yayla
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Irfan Cinar
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Demet Celebi
- 3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdem Toktay
- 4 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zafer Bayraktutan
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bilici
- 6 Department of Microbiology, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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7
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Zainal Z, Abdul Rahim A, Khaza'ai H, Chang SK. Effects of Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF) and Carotenes in Ovalbumin (OVA)-Challenged Asthmatic Brown Norway Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071764. [PMID: 30974772 PMCID: PMC6480080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic therapeutic drugs for asthma, a chronic airway inflammation characterised by strong eosinophil, mast cell, and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyper-production, and airway hyper-responsiveness, exhibit numerous side effects. Alternatively, the high antioxidant potential of palm oil phytonutrients, including vitamin E (tocotrienol-rich fractions; TRF) and carotene, may be beneficial for alleviating asthma. Here, we determined the therapeutic efficacy of TRF, carotene, and dexamethasone in ovalbumin-challenged allergic asthma in Brown Norway rats. Asthmatic symptoms fully developed within 8 days after the second sensitization, and were preserved throughout the time course via intranasal ovalbumin re-challenge. Asthmatic rats were then orally administered 30 mg/kg body weight TRF or carotene. TRF-treated animals exhibited reduced inflammatory cells in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid. TRF- and carotene-treated rats exhibited notable white blood cell reduction comparable to that from dexamethasone. TRF- and carotene-treatment also downregulated pro-inflammatory markers (IL-β, IL-6, TNF-α), coincident with anti-inflammatory marker IL-4 and IL-13 upregulation. Treatment significantly reduced asthmatic rat plasma CRP and IgE, signifying improved systemic inflammation. Asthmatic lung histology displayed severe edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the bronchial wall, whereas treated animals retained healthy, normal-appearing lungs. The phytonutrients tocotrienol and carotene thus exhibit potential benefits for consumption as nutritional adjuncts in asthmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zainal
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor 43000, Malaysia.
| | | | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Stone CA, Cook-Mills J, Gebretsadik T, Rosas-Salazar C, Turi K, Brunwasser SM, Connolly A, Russell P, Liu Z, Costello K, Hartert TV. Delineation of the Individual Effects of Vitamin E Isoforms on Early Life Incident Wheezing. J Pediatr 2019; 206:156-163.e3. [PMID: 30527752 PMCID: PMC6415525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that maternal plasma alpha-tocopherol levels are associated with protection from childhood wheeze and that this protection is modified by gamma-tocopherol. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a prospective nested study in the Infant Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infections and Asthma Following Respiratory Syncytial Virus Exposure birth cohort of 652 children with postpartum maternal plasma vitamin E isoforms used as a surrogate for pregnancy concentrations. Our outcomes were wheezing and recurrent wheezing over a 2-year period, ascertained using validated questionnaires. We assessed the association of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol with wheezing outcomes using multivariable adjusted logistic regression, and tested for interaction between the isoforms with respect to the risk for wheezing outcomes. RESULTS Children with wheezing (n = 547, n = 167; 31%) and recurrent wheezing (n = 545, n = 55; 10.1%) over a 2-year period were born to mothers with significantly lower postpartum maternal plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, P = .016 and P = .007, respectively. In analyses of IQR increases, alpha-tocopherol was associated with decreased risk of wheezing (aOR 0.70 [95% CI 0.53,0.92]) and recurrent wheezing (aOR 0.63 [95% CI 0.42,0.95]). For gamma-tocopherol, the aOR for wheezing was 0.79 (95% CI 0.56-1.10) and the aOR for recurrent wheezing was 0.56 (95% CI 0.33-0.94, with nonmonotonic association). The association of alpha-tocopherol with wheezing was modified by gamma-tocopherol (P interaction = .05). CONCLUSIONS Increases in postpartum maternal plasma alpha-tocopherol isoform concentrations were associated with decreased likelihood of wheezing over a 2-year period. Gamma-tocopherol modified this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosby A Stone
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joan Cook-Mills
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kedir Turi
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Steven M Brunwasser
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alexandra Connolly
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Patty Russell
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Zhouwen Liu
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kaitlin Costello
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Center for Asthma Research, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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Ramos MF, Baker J, Atzpodien EA, Bach U, Brassard J, Cartwright J, Farman C, Fishman C, Jacobsen M, Junker-Walker U, Kuper F, Moreno MCR, Rittinghausen S, Schafer K, Tanaka K, Teixeira L, Yoshizawa K, Zhang H. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Ratand Mouse Special Sense Organs(Ocular [eye and glands], Olfactory and Otic). J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:97S-214S. [PMID: 30158741 PMCID: PMC6108092 DOI: 10.1293/tox.31.97s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Baker
- Member of eye subgroup
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Ute Bach
- Member of eye subgroup
- Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Cindy Fishman
- Member of eye subgroup
- Member of glands of the eye subgroup
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Frieke Kuper
- Member of olfactory subgroup
- Retired; formerly The Netherlands Organization for Applied
Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ken Schafer
- Member of eye subgroup
- Member of otic subgroup
- Vet Path Services, Inc., Mason, OH, USA
| | - Kohji Tanaka
- Member of eye subgroup
- Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Japan
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Stone CA, McEvoy CT, Aschner JL, Kirk A, Rosas-Salazar C, Cook-Mills JM, Moore PE, Walsh WF, Hartert TV. Update on Vitamin E and Its Potential Role in Preventing or Treating Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Neonatology 2018; 113:366-378. [PMID: 29514147 PMCID: PMC5980725 DOI: 10.1159/000487388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is obtained only through the diet and has a number of important biological activities, including functioning as an antioxidant. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to pathological processes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of prematurity associated with increased lung injury, inflammation and oxidative stress, led to trials of the antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol) to prevent BPD with variable results. These trials were all conducted at supraphysiologic doses and 2 of these trials utilized a formulation containing a potentially harmful excipient. Since 1991, when the last of these trials was conducted, both neonatal management strategies for minimizing oxygen and ventilator-related lung injury and our understanding of vitamin E isoforms in respiratory health have advanced substantially. It is now known that there are differences between the effects of vitamin E isoforms α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol on the development of respiratory morbidity and inflammation. What is not known is whether improvements in physiologic concentrations of individual or combinations of vitamin E isoforms during pregnancy or following preterm birth might prevent or reduce BPD development. The answers to these questions require adequately powered studies targeting pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or their premature infants immediately following birth, especially in certain subgroups that are at increased risk of vitamin E deficiency (e.g., smokers). The objective of this review is to compile, update, and interpret what is known about vitamin E isoforms and BPD since these first studies were conducted, and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosby A Stone
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cindy T McEvoy
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Judy L Aschner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ashudee Kirk
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul E Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William F Walsh
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Björkblom B, Wibom C, Jonsson P, Mörén L, Andersson U, Johannesen TB, Langseth H, Antti H, Melin B. Metabolomic screening of pre-diagnostic serum samples identifies association between α- and γ-tocopherols and glioblastoma risk. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37043-37053. [PMID: 27175595 PMCID: PMC5095057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is associated with poor prognosis with a median survival of one year. High doses of ionizing radiation is the only established exogenous risk factor. To explore new potential biological risk factors for glioblastoma, we investigated alterations in metabolite concentrations in pre-diagnosed serum samples from glioblastoma patients diagnosed up to 22 years after sample collection, and undiseased controls. The study points out a latent biomarker for future glioblastoma consisting of nine metabolites (γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, erythritol, erythronic acid, myo-inositol, cystine, 2-keto-L-gluconic acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine) involved in antioxidant metabolism. We detected significantly higher serum concentrations of α-tocopherol (p=0.0018) and γ-tocopherol (p=0.0009) in future glioblastoma cases. Compared to their matched controls, the cases showed a significant average fold increase of α- and γ-tocopherol levels: 1.2 for α-T (p=0.018) and 1.6 for γ-T (p=0.003). These tocopherol levels were associated with a glioblastoma odds ratio of 1.7 (α-T, 95% CI:1.0-3.0) and 2.1 (γ-T, 95% CI:1.2-3.8). Our exploratory metabolomics study detected elevated serum levels of a panel of molecules with antioxidant properties as well as oxidative stress generated compounds. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the association between the observed serum metabolite pattern and future glioblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Björkblom
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Wibom
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Mörén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tom Børge Johannesen
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, N-0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, N-0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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12
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Bao A, Yang H, Ji J, Chen Y, Bao W, Li F, Zhang M, Zhou X, Li Q, Ben S. Involvements of p38 MAPK and oxidative stress in the ozone-induced enhancement of AHR and pulmonary inflammation in an allergic asthma model. Respir Res 2017; 18:216. [PMID: 29284473 PMCID: PMC5747109 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to ambient ozone (O3) increases the susceptivity to allergens and triggers exacerbations in patients with asthma. However, the detailed mechanisms of action for O3 to trigger asthma exacerbations are still unclear. Methods An ovalbumin (OVA)-established asthmatic mouse model was selected to expose to filtered air (OVA-model) or 1.0 ppm O3 (OVA-O3 model) during the process of OVA challenge. Next, the possible involvements of p38 MAPK and oxidative stress in the ozone actions on the asthma exacerbations were investigated on the mice of OVA-O3 model by treating them with SB239063 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), and/or the α-tocopherol (antioxidant). Biological measurements were conducted including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway resistance (Raw), lung compliance (CL), inflammation in the airway lumen and lung parenchyma, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and heat shock protein (HSP) 27 in the tracheal tissues, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in lung tissues. Results In OVA-allergic mice, O3 exposure deteriorated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway resistance (Raw), lung compliance (CL) and pulmonary inflammation, accompanied by the increased oxidative stress in lung tissues and promoted p38 MAPK and HSP27 phosphorylation in tracheal tissues. Administration of SB239063 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) on OVA-O3 model exclusively mitigated the Raw, the CL, and the BAL IL-13 content, while α-tocopherol (antioxidant) differentially reduced the BAL number of eosinophils and macrophages, the content of BAL hyaluronan, the peribronchial inflammation, as well as the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-5 in the lung tissues of OVA-O3 model. Administration of these two chemical inhibitors similarly inhibited the AHR, the BAL IFN-γ and IL-6 production, the perivascular lung inflammation and the lung IL-17 mRNA expression of OVA-O3 model. Interestingly, the combined treatment of both compounds together synergistically inhibited neutrophil counts in the BALF and CXCL-1 gene expression in the lung. Conclusions O3 exposure during the OVA challenge process promoted exacerbation in asthma. Both p38 MAPK and oxidative stress were found to play a critical role in this process and simultaneous inhibition of these two pathways significantly reduced the O3-elicited detrimental effects on the asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ji
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, -17177, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuping Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqin Ben
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Burbank AJ, Duran CG, Pan Y, Burns P, Jones S, Jiang Q, Yang C, Jenkins S, Wells H, Alexis N, Kesimer M, Bennett WD, Zhou H, Peden DB, Hernandez ML. Gamma tocopherol-enriched supplement reduces sputum eosinophilia and endotoxin-induced sputum neutrophilia in volunteers with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1231-1238.e1. [PMID: 28736267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We and others have shown that the gamma tocopherol (γT) isoform of vitamin E has multiple anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions and that γT supplementation reduces eosinophilic and endotoxin (LPS)-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in animal models and healthy human volunteers. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether γT supplementation reduces eosinophilic airway inflammation and acute neutrophilic response to inhaled LPS challenge in volunteers with asthma. METHODS Participants with mild asthma were enrolled in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study to assess the effect of 1200 mg of γT daily for 14 days on sputum eosinophils, mucins, and cytokines. We also assessed the effect on acute inflammatory response to inhaled LPS challenge following γT treatment, focusing on changes in sputum neutrophilia, mucins, and cytokines. Mucociliary clearance was measured using gamma scintigraphy. RESULTS Fifteen subjects with mild asthma completed both arms of the study. Compared with placebo, γT notably reduced pre-LPS challenge sputum eosinophils and mucins, including mucin 5AC and reduced LPS-induced airway neutrophil recruitment 6 and 24 hours after challenge. Mucociliary clearance was slowed 4 hours postchallenge in the placebo group but not in the γT treatment group. Total sputum mucins (but not mucin 5AC) were reduced at 24 hours postchallenge during γT treatment compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS When compared with placebo, γT supplementation for 14 days reduced inflammatory features of asthma, including sputum eosinophils and mucins, as well as acute airway response to inhaled LPS challenge. Larger scale clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of γT supplements as a complementary or steroid-sparing treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Burbank
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Charity G Duran
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yinghao Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Patricia Burns
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan Jones
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind
| | - Sha'Leema Jenkins
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Heather Wells
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Neil Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William D Bennett
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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14
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Duan L, Li J, Ma P, Yang X, Xu S. Vitamin E antagonizes ozone-induced asthma exacerbation in Balb/c mice through the Nrf2 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28624471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people are regularly exposed to ozone, a gas known to contribute significantly to worsening the symptoms of patients with asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying these ozone exacerbation effects are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the exacerbation effect of ozone in OVA-induced asthma mice and tried to demonstrate the protective mechanism of vitamin E (VE). An asthma mouse model was established, and used to identify the exacerbating effects of ozone by assessing cytokine and serum immunoglobulin concentrations, airway leukocyte infiltration, histopathological changes in lung tissues, and airway hyper-responsiveness. We then determined the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated, the extent to which VE induced ROS elimination, and examined the antagonistic effects of VE on the ozone-induced exacerbating effects. This study showed that 1-ppm ozone exposure could exacerbate OVA-induced asthma in mice. More importantly we found that ozone induced oxidative stress in asthmatic airways may lead to the inhibition of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and may subsequently induce even more exaggerated oxidative stress associated with asthma exacerbation. Through VE induced Nrf2 activation and the subsequent increase in Nrf2 target protein expression, this study suggests a novel mechanism for alleviating ozone exacerbated asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liju Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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15
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Gordon CJ, Phillips PM, Ledbetter A, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Johnstone AFM, Kodavanti UP. Active vs. sedentary lifestyle from weaning to adulthood and susceptibility to ozone in rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L100-L109. [PMID: 27836902 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00415.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of a sedentary (SED) life style combined with calorically rich diets has spurred the rise in childhood obesity, which, in turn, translates to adverse health effects in adulthood. Obesity and lack of active (ACT) lifestyle may increase susceptibility to air pollutants. We housed 22-day-old female Long-Evans rats in a cage without (SED) or with a running wheel (ACT). After 10 wk the rats ran 310 ± 16.3 km. Responses of SED and ACT rats to whole-body O3 (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm; 5 h/day for 2 days) was assessed. Glucose tolerance testing (GTT) was performed following the first day of O3 ACT rats had less body fat and an improved glucose GTT. Ventilatory function (plethysmography) of SED and ACT groups was similarly impaired by O3 Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected after the second O3 exposure. SED and ACT rats were hyperglycemic following 1.0 ppm O3 GTT was impaired by O3 in both groups; however, ACT rats exhibited improved recovery to 0.25 and 1.0 ppm O3 BALF cell neutrophils and total cells were similarly increased in ACT and SED groups exposed to 1.0 ppm O3 O3-induced increase in eosinophils was exacerbated in SED rats. Chronic exercise from postweaning to adulthood improved some of the metabolic and pulmonary responses to O3 (GTT and eosinophils) but several other parameters were unaffected. The reduction in O3-induced rise in BALF eosinophils in ACT rats suggests a possible link between a SED lifestyle and incidence of asthma-related symptoms from O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Gordon
- Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - P M Phillips
- Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - A Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - S J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - M C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - A F M Johnstone
- Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - U P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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16
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Abdala-Valencia H, Soveg F, Cook-Mills JM. γ-Tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice augments development of CD11c+CD11b+ dendritic cells in utero and allergic inflammation in neonates. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L759-71. [PMID: 26801566 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Tocopherol increases responses to allergen challenge in allergic adult mice, but it is not known whether γ-tocopherol regulates the development of allergic disease. Development of allergic disease often occurs early in life. In clinical studies and animal models, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen challenge. Therefore, we determined whether γ-tocopherol augments development of allergic responses in offspring of allergic female mice. Allergic female mice were supplemented with γ-tocopherol starting at mating. The pups from allergic mothers developed allergic lung responses, whereas pups from saline-treated mothers did not respond to allergen challenge. The γ-tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice increased the numbers of eosinophils twofold in the pup bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs after allergen challenge. There was also about a twofold increase in pup lung CD11b(+) subsets of CD11c(+) dendritic cells and in numbers of these dendritic cells expressing the transcription factor IRF4. There was no change in several CD11b(-) dendritic cell subsets. Furthermore, maternal supplementation with γ-tocopherol increased the number of fetal liver CD11b(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cells twofold in utero. In the pups, γ-tocopherol increased lung expression of the inflammatory mediators CCL11, amphiregulin, activin A, and IL-5. In conclusion, maternal supplementation with γ-tocopherol increased fetal development of subsets of dendritic cells that are critical for allergic responses and increased development of allergic responses in pups from allergic mothers. These results have implications for supplementation of allergic mothers with γ-tocopherol in prenatal vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank Soveg
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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17
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Inhalation exposure to ethylene induces eosinophilic rhinitis and nasal epithelial remodeling in Fischer 344 rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 241:66-75. [PMID: 26367701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the time- and concentration-dependent effects of inhaled ethylene on eosinophilic rhinitis and nasal epithelial remodeling in Fisher 344 rats exposed to 0, 10, 50, 300, or 10,000 ppm ethylene, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 4 weeks. Morphometric quantitation of eosinophilic inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia/hyperplasia (MCM) and nasal mucosal gene expression were evaluated at anatomic sites previously shown to undergo ethylene-induced epithelial remodeling. Serum levels of total IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a were measured to determine if ethylene exposure increased the expression of Th2-associated (IgE and IgG1) relative to Th1-associated (IgG2a) antibody isotypes. Rats exposed to 0 or 10,000 ppm for 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20 days were analyzed to assess the temporal pattern of ethylene-induced alterations in nasal epithelial cell proliferation, morphology and gene expression. Rats exposed to 0, 10, 50, 300, and 10,000 ppm ethylene for 20 days were analyzed to assess concentration-dependent effects on lesion development. Additional rats exposed 4 weeks to 0, 300, or 10,000 ppm ethylene were held for 13 weeks post-exposure to examine the persistence of ethylene-induced mucosal alterations. The data indicate that cell death and reparative cell proliferation were not a part of the pathogenesis of ethylene-induced nasal lesions. Enhanced gene expression of Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-5, IL-13) and chitinase (YM1/2) in the nasal mucosa was much greater than that of Th1 cytokines (e.g., IFNγ) after ethylene exposure. A significant increase in MCM was measured after 5 days of exposure to 10,000 ppm ethylene and after 20 days of exposure 10 ppm ethylene. Ethylene-induced MCM was reversible after cessation of exposure. No increase in total serum IgE, IgG1 or IgG2a was measured in any ethylene-exposed group. These data do not support involvement of an immune-mediated allergic mechanism in the pathogenesis of ethylene-induced nasal lesions in rats. Repeated inhalation of ethylene can induce a local Th2-mediated response in the nasal mucosa of rats, however the mechanisms which induce nasal inflammatory and epithelial responses are yet to be determined.
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18
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G Wagner J, R Harkema J, Jiang Q, Hernandez M, B Peden D. Two faces of vitamin e in the lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:841-2. [PMID: 25271753 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1194le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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19
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Vinikoor-Imler LC, Owens EO, Nichols JL, Ross M, Brown JS, Sacks JD. Evaluating potential response-modifying factors for associations between ozone and health outcomes: a weight-of-evidence approach. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1166-76. [PMID: 24927060 PMCID: PMC4216162 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach. METHODS Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. DISCUSSION We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O3-related health effects. CONCLUSIONS Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Vinikoor-Imler
- National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Cook-Mills JM, Avila PC. Vitamin E and D regulation of allergic asthma immunopathogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:364-72. [PMID: 25175918 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma occurs as complex interactions of the environmental and genetics. Clinical studies and animal models of asthma indicate dietary factors such as vitamin E and vitamin D as protective for asthma risk. In this review, we discuss opposing regulatory functions of tocopherol isoforms of vitamin E and regulatory functions of vitamin D in asthma and how the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by these dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Pedro C Avila
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Wagner JG, Birmingham NP, Jackson-Humbles D, Jiang Q, Harkema JR, Peden DB. Supplementation with γ-tocopherol attenuates endotoxin-induced airway neutrophil and mucous cell responses in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:101-9. [PMID: 24333275 PMCID: PMC3961823 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated tissue injury is a shared pathogenesis of both chronic pulmonary diseases and acute responses to pathogens, allergens, and airborne pollutants. Interventions to minimize toxic effects of neutrophil-derived oxidants and proteases are usually limited to corticosteroids, which can have adverse side effects. We used a rodent model of endotoxin-induced lung injury to test the hypothesis that the dietary supplement γ-tocopherol (γT), a natural form of vitamin E with antioxidant and novel anti-inflammatory properties, will protect from adverse nasal and pulmonary inflammatory responses induced by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). Male Fisher F344 rats were intranasally (i.n.) instilled with LPS for 2 consecutive days. Beginning 2 days before i.n. LPS, the rats were gavaged daily with 30mg/kg γT. Twenty-four hours after the last i.n. LPS, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and pulmonary and nasal tissues were analyzed for gene expression and morphometric analyses of neutrophils and intraepithelial mucosubstances (IM). LPS caused increased BALF total cells (70% increase), neutrophils (300%), protein (35%), PGE2 (500%), and secreted mucins (75%). Robust increases in neutrophils and IM were detected in conducting airways. Pulmonary expression of MUC5AC, MIP-2, CINC-1, and MCP-1 was elevated three- to eightfold by LPS. Treatment with γT inhibited LPS-induced increases in BALF total cells, neutrophils, protein, PGE2, and secreted mucins, as well as IM and tissue neutrophil influx. Furthermore γT induced the expression of the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and IFN-γ while decreasing MUC5AC, MIP-2, CINC-1, and MCP-1. These data demonstrate novel therapeutic effects of the dietary vitamin E γT promoting anti-inflammatory pathways to protect from neutrophil-mediated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Wagner
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Neil P Birmingham
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Daven Jackson-Humbles
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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22
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Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S, Cook-Mills JM. Vitamin E isoforms as modulators of lung inflammation. Nutrients 2013; 5:4347-63. [PMID: 24184873 PMCID: PMC3847734 DOI: 10.3390/nu5114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and allergic diseases are complex conditions caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Clinical studies suggest a number of protective dietary factors for asthma, including vitamin E. However, studies of vitamin E in allergy commonly result in seemingly conflicting outcomes. Recent work indicates that allergic inflammation is inhibited by supplementation with the purified natural vitamin E isoform α-tocopherol but elevated by the isoform γ-tocopherol when administered at physiological tissue concentrations. In this review, we discuss opposing regulatory effects of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol on allergic lung inflammation in clinical trials and in animal studies. A better understanding of the differential regulation of inflammation by isoforms of vitamin E provides a basis towards the design of clinical studies and diets that would effectively modulate inflammatory pathways in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, McGaw-M304, 240 E. Huron, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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23
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Cook-Mills JM, Abdala-Valencia H, Hartert T. Two faces of vitamin E in the lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:279-84. [PMID: 23905522 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303-0503ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and allergic lung disease occur as complex environmental and genetic interactions. Clinical studies of asthma indicate a number of protective dietary factors, such as vitamin E, on asthma risk. However, these studies have had seemingly conflicting outcomes. In this perspective, we discuss opposing regulatory effects of tocopherol isoforms of vitamin E, mechanisms for tocopherol isoform regulation of allergic lung inflammation, association of vitamin E isoforms with outcomes in clinical studies, and how the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by vitamin E isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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24
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Exacerbated airway toxicity of environmental oxidant ozone in mice deficient in Nrf2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:254069. [PMID: 23766849 PMCID: PMC3665255 DOI: 10.1155/2013/254069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidant in air pollution that has harmful effects on airways and exacerbates respiratory disorders. The transcription factor Nrf2 protects airways from oxidative stress through antioxidant response element-bearing defense gene induction. The present study was designed to determine the role of Nrf2 in airway toxicity caused by inhaled O3 in mice. For this purpose, Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice received acute and subacute exposures to O3. Lung injury was determined by bronchoalveolar lavage and histopathologic analyses. Oxidation markers and mucus hypersecretion were determined by ELISA, and Nrf2 and its downstream effectors were determined by RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Acute and sub-acute O3 exposures heightened pulmonary inflammation, edema, and cell death more severely in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in Nrf2(+/+) mice. O3 caused bronchiolar and terminal bronchiolar proliferation in both genotypes of mice, while the intensity of compensatory epithelial proliferation, bronchial mucous cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion was greater in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in Nrf2(+/+) mice. Relative to Nrf2(+/+), O3 augmented lung protein and lipid oxidation more highly in Nrf2(-/-) mice. Results suggest that Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates oxidative stress and airway injury caused by the environmental pollutant O3.
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25
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Geiser M, Lay JC, Bennett WD, Zhou H, Wang X, Peden DB, Alexis NE. Effects of ex vivo γ-tocopherol on airway macrophage function in healthy and mild allergic asthmatics. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:613-24. [PMID: 23689260 DOI: 10.1159/000350234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated inflammation and altered immune responses are features found in atopic asthmatic airways. Recent studies indicate γ-tocopherol (GT) supplementation can suppress airway inflammation in allergic asthma. We studied the effects of in vitro GT supplementation on receptor-mediated phagocytosis and expression of cell surface molecules associated with innate and adaptive immunity on sputum-derived macrophages. Cells from nonsmoking healthy (n = 6) and mild house dust mite-sensitive allergic asthmatics (n = 6) were treated ex vivo with GT (300 µM) or saline (control). Phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan A bioparticles (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and expression of surface molecules associated with innate and adaptive immunity were assessed using flow cytometry. GT caused significantly decreased (p < 0.05) internalization of attached zymosan bioparticles and decreased (p < 0.05) macrophage expression of CD206, CD36 and CD86 in allergic asthmatics but not in controls. Overall, GT caused downregulation of both innate and adaptive immune response elements, and atopic status appears to be an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Geiser
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA
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26
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Cook-Mills JM. Isoforms of Vitamin E Differentially Regulate PKC α and Inflammation: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 23977443 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E regulation of disease has been extensively studied but most studies focus on the α-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E. These reports indicate contradictory outcomes for anti-inflammatory functions of the α-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E with regards to animal and clinical studies. These seemingly disparate results are consistent with our recent studies demonstrating that purified natural forms of vitamin E have opposing regulatory functions during inflammation. In this review, we discuss that α-tocopherol inhibits whereas γ-tocopherol elevates allergic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and endothelial cell adhesion molecule signaling through protein kinase Cα. Moreover, we have demonstrated that α-tocopherol is an antagonist and γ-tocopherol is an agonist of PKCα through direct binding to a regulatory domain of PKCα. In summary, we have determined mechanisms for opposing regulatory functions of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol on inflammation. Information from our studies will have significant impact on the design of clinical studies and on vitamin E consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Yang B, Ahotupa M, Määttä P, Kallio H. Composition and antioxidative activities of supercritical CO2-extracted oils from seeds and soft parts of northern berries. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Sutherland KM, Combs TJ, Edwards PC, Van Winkle LS. Site-specific differences in gene expression of secreted proteins in the mouse lung: comparison of methods to show differences by location. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:1107-19. [PMID: 20852037 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.956052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of pulmonary toxicants on the lung often overlook the fact that site-specific changes are likely to occur in response to chemical exposure. These changes can be highly focal and may be undetected by methods that do not examine specific lung regions. This problem is especially acute for studies of the conducting airways. In this study, differential gene expression of secreted proteins in the lung by different methods of collection (whole lung, gross airway microdissection, and laser capture microdissection) and by airway levels (whole lobe, whole airway tree, proximal airways, airway bifurcations, and terminal bronchioles) was examined. Site-specific sampling approaches were combined with methods to detect both gene and corresponding protein expression in different lung regions. Differential expression of mRNA by both airway level and lung region was determined for Clara cell secretory protein, calcitonin gene-related peptide, uteroglobin-related protein 2, surfactant protein A, and surfactant protein C. Therefore, for maximal enrichment of mRNA and maximal ability to identify changes in mRNA levels in the diseased state or in response to chemical exposure, it is critical to choose the appropriate airway region and sample collection method to enrich detection of the transcript(s) of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Sutherland
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8732, USA
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29
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Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in asthma is gaining increasing scientific attention. The hallmark of asthma is airway inflammation. Oxidative stress may initiate and augment inflammation, and may also result from inflammation. Exposure to tobacco smoke, ozone, diesel exhaust, and a variety of other pollutants generates reactive oxygen species and other oxidative stressors. Some studies suggest that asthmatics have a decreased ability to respond to oxidative stress, while others find upregulated antioxidative function. Oxidative stress may alter the Th(1)/Th(2) immune response and result in activation of NF-kbeta, a powerful inducer of pro-inflammatory genes. Genetic polymorphisms may play an important role in determining susceptibility to oxidative stress. Many therapeutic strategies to decrease oxidative stress in asthma have been suggested. Dietary changes, antioxidant vitamins, other antioxidant drugs, Ayurvedic supplements, and even radon exposure in a hot bathroom have been studied. Minimizing exposure of young children to environmental tobacco smoke remains paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Dozor
- Children's Environmental Health Center of the Hudson Valley, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, New York Medical College, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA.
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30
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:191-4. [DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32833ad4c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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