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Wang S, He Q, Qu Y, Yin W, Zhao R, Wang X, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke: neural stem cell therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2430-2443. [PMID: 38526280 PMCID: PMC11090435 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuyutian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Liu X, Jia X. Neuroprotection of Stem Cells Against Ischemic Brain Injury: From Bench to Clinic. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:691-713. [PMID: 37415004 PMCID: PMC10771544 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological injuries can have numerous debilitating effects on functional status including sensorimotor deficits, cognitive impairment, and behavioral symptoms. Despite the disease burden, treatment options remain limited. Current pharmacological interventions are targeted at symptom management but are ineffective in reversing ischemic brain damage. Stem cell therapy for ischemic brain injury has shown promising preclinical and clinical results and has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic option. Various stem cell sources (embryonic, mesenchymal/bone marrow, and neural stem cells) have been investigated. This review provides an overview of the advances made in our understanding of the various types of stem cells and progress made in the use of these stem cells for the treatment of ischemic brain injuries. In particular, the use of stem cell therapy in global cerebral ischemia following cardiac arrest and in focal cerebral ischemia after ischemic stroke are discussed. The proposed mechanisms of stem cells' neuroprotective effects in animal models (rat/mice, pig/swine) and other clinical studies, different routes of administration (intravenous/intra-arterial/intracerebroventricular/intranasal/intraperitoneal/intracranial) and stem cell preconditioning are discussed. Much of the promising data on stem cell therapies after ischemic brain injury remains in the experimental stage and several limitations remain unsettled. Future investigation is needed to further assess the safety and efficacy and to overcome the remaining obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Zhu M, Wang Y, Han J, Sun Y, Wang S, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Artesunate Exerts Organ- and Tissue-Protective Effects by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis: A Review of Evidence and Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:686. [PMID: 38929125 PMCID: PMC11200509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human body comprises numerous organs and tissues operating in synchrony, it facilitates metabolism, circulation, and overall organismal function. Consequently, the well-being of our organs and tissues significantly influences our overall health. In recent years, research on the protective effects of artesunate (AS) on various organ functions, including the heart, liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, bones, and others has witnessed significant advancements. Findings from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that AS may emerge as a newfound guardian against organ damage. Its protective mechanisms primarily entail the inhibition of inflammatory factors and affect anti-fibrotic, anti-aging, immune-enhancing, modulation of stem cells, apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis, and autophagy properties. Moreover, AS is attracting a high level of interest because of its obvious antioxidant activities, including the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways, inhibiting the release of reactive oxygen species, and interfering with the expression of genes and proteins associated with oxidative stress. This review comprehensively outlines the recent strides made by AS in alleviating organismal injuries stemming from various causes and protecting organs, aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research and utilization of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510024, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (B.Y.)
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4
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Gao Y, Zhang TL, Zhang HJ, Gao J, Yang PF. A Promising Application of Injectable Hydrogels in Nerve Repair and Regeneration for Ischemic Stroke. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:327-345. [PMID: 38229707 PMCID: PMC10790665 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a condition that often leads to severe nerve damage, induces complex pathological and physiological changes in nerve tissue. The mature central nervous system (CNS) lacks intrinsic regenerative capacity, resulting in a poor prognosis and long-term neurological impairments. There is no available therapy that can fully restore CNS functionality. However, the utilization of injectable hydrogels has emerged as a promising strategy for nerve repair and regeneration. Injectable hydrogels possess exceptional properties, such as biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and the ability to provide a supportive environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Recently, various hydrogel-based tissue engineering approaches, including cell encapsulation, controlled release of therapeutic factors, and incorporation of bioactive molecules, have demonstrated great potential in the treatment of CNS injuries caused by ischemic stroke. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application and development of injectable hydrogels for the treatment of ischemic stroke-induced CNS injuries, shedding light on their therapeutic prospects, challenges, recent advancements, and future directions. Additionally, it will discuss the underlying mechanisms involved in hydrogel-mediated nerve repair and regeneration, as well as the need for further preclinical and clinical studies to validate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Lin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhang
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Lutfi Ismaeel G, Makki AlHassani OJ, S Alazragi R, Hussein Ahmed A, H Mohamed A, Yasir Jasim N, Hassan Shari F, Almashhadani HA. Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for neurological diseases; state-of-the-art. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3363. [PMID: 37221947 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells with remarkable self-renewal potential and also unique competencies to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (ODCs) and improve the cellular microenvironment. In addition, NSCs secret diversity of mediators, including neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, NGF, GDNF, CNTF, and NT-3), pro-angiogenic mediators (e.g., FGF-2 and VEGF), and anti-inflammatory biomolecules. Thereby, NSCs transplantation has become a reasonable and effective treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders by their capacity to induce neurogenesis and vasculogenesis and dampen neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, various drawbacks such as lower migration and survival and less differential capacity to a particular cell lineage concerning the disease pathogenesis hinder their application. Thus, genetic engineering of NSCs before transplantation is recently regarded as an innovative strategy to bypass these hurdles. Indeed, genetically modified NSCs could bring about more favored therapeutic influences post-transplantation in vivo, making them an excellent option for neurological disease therapy. This review for the first time offers a comprehensive review of the therapeutic capability of genetically modified NSCs rather than naïve NSCs in neurological disease beyond brain tumors and sheds light on the recent progress and prospect in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Reem S Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Hussein Ahmed
- Department of Radiology and Sonar, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Intelligent Medical Systems Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Nisreen Yasir Jasim
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Falah Hassan Shari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Cao J, Yuan P, Wu B, Liu Y, Hu C. Advances in the Research and Application of Smart-Responsive Hydrogels in Disease Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:662. [PMID: 37623116 PMCID: PMC10454421 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart-responsive hydrogels have been widely used in various fields, particularly in the biomedical field. Compared with traditional hydrogels, smart-responsive hydrogels not only facilitate the encapsulation and controlled release of drugs, active substances, and even cells but, more importantly, they enable the on-demand and controllable release of drugs and active substances at the disease site, significantly enhancing the efficacy of disease treatment. With the rapid advancement of biomaterials, smart-responsive hydrogels have received widespread attention, and a wide variety of smart-responsive hydrogels have been developed for the treatment of different diseases, thus presenting tremendous research prospects. This review summarizes the latest advancements in various smart-responsive hydrogels used for disease treatment. Additionally, some of the current shortcomings of smart-responsive hydrogels and the strategies to address them are discussed, as well as the future development directions and prospects of smart-responsive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- School of Fashion and Design Art, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Ping Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yeqi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Yang X, Zhang X, Cao J, Wu M, Chen S, Chen L. Routes and methods of neural stem cells injection in cerebral ischemia. IBRAIN 2023; 9:326-339. [PMID: 37786754 PMCID: PMC10527797 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a serious cerebrovascular disease with the characteristics of high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Currently, stem cell therapy has been extensively applied to a wide range of diseases, including neurological disorders, autoimmune deficits, and other diseases. Transplantation therapy with neural stem cells (NSCs) is a very promising treatment method, which not only has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, promoting angiogenesis, and neurogenesis effects, but also can improve some side effects related to thrombolytic therapy. NSCs treatment could exert protective effects in alleviating cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage and neurological dysfunctions. However, the different injection routes and doses of NSCs determine diverse therapeutic efficacy. This review mainly summarizes the various injection methods and injection effects of NSCs in cerebral ischemia, as well as proposes the existing problems and prospects of NSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Yu Yang
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Basic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jun‐Feng Cao
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Mei Wu
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Sheng‐Yan Chen
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Karandikar P, Gerstl JVE, Kappel AD, Won SY, Dubinski D, Garcia-Segura ME, Gessler FA, See AP, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Bernstock JD. SUMOtherapeutics for Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050673. [PMID: 37242456 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The small, ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a post-translational modifier with a profound influence on several key biological processes, including the mammalian stress response. Of particular interest are its neuroprotective effects, first recognized in the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), in the context of hibernation torpor. Although the full scope of the SUMO pathway is yet to be elucidated, observations of its importance in managing neuronal responses to ischemia, maintaining ion gradients, and the preconditioning of neural stem cells make it a promising therapeutic target for acute cerebral ischemia. Recent advances in high-throughput screening have enabled the identification of small molecules that can upregulate SUMOylation, some of which have been validated in pertinent preclinical models of cerebral ischemia. Accordingly, the present review aims to summarize current knowledge and highlight the translational potential of the SUMOylation pathway in brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesh Karandikar
- T. H. Chan School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jakob V E Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ari D Kappel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sae-Yeon Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Monica Emili Garcia-Segura
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Florian A Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alfred Pokmeng See
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Wang Z, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Lin B, Zhao J, Zhang F, Li Y, Yang X, Lu L, Shuai X, Shen J. Upregulating HIF-1α to Boost the Survival of Neural Stem Cells via Functional Peptides-Complexed MRI-Visible Nanomedicine for Stroke Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201630. [PMID: 36148580 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic prospect is limited by the poor control over the survival, migration, and maturation of transplanted NSCs. Upregulating hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression in stem cells can improve the survival and migration of NSCs grafted for stroke therapy. Functional peptide drugs, which could inhibit endogenous HIF-1α ubiquitination, might be used to effectively upregulate the HIF-1α expression in NSCs, thereby to improve the therapeutic effect in ischemia stroke. Herein, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible nanomedicine is developed to codeliver functional peptides and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles into NSCs. This nanomedicine not only promotes the survival and migration ability of NSCs but also allows an in vivo tracking of transplanted NSCs with MRI. The results demonstrate the great potential of the functional peptides-complexed multifunctional nanomedicine in boosting the therapeutic effect of stem cell-based therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yujun Cai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bingling Lin
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Junya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xieqing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Ahmed T. Neural stem cell engineering for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Luan Y, Bao Y, Wang F. Artesunate regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells by activating the JAK‑2/STAT‑3 signaling pathway in ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:2. [PMID: 36561626 PMCID: PMC9748661 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and death globally; therefore, the repair and reconstruction of the central nervous system (CNS) after stroke is very important. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) may be the key to cell replacement therapy to treat CNS damage. It has previously been reported that artesunate (ART) is involved in the regulation of the biological functions of NSPCs; however, the mechanism of action of ART remains unclear. In the present study, different concentrations of ART were used to treat NSPCs following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively, whereas immunofluorescence analysis was used to measure the expression levels of the differentiation-related molecule doublecortin (DCX) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression levels of molecules related to the JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling pathway. The present results indicated that treatment with ART following OGD significantly promoted the viability of NSPCs, inhibited the apoptosis of NSPCs, and promoted the expression of PCNA and DCX. Moreover, ART significantly downregulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-JAK-2 and p-STAT-3. Furthermore, activation of the JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling pathway and treatment with ART reversed the effects of ART on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of NSPCs. In conclusion, the present data suggested that ART may promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs, and reduce the apoptosis of NSPCs, by inhibiting the JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling pathway. ART may potentially be used for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Luan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Fei Wang, Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Zayed MA, Sultan S, Alsaab HO, Yousof SM, Alrefaei GI, Alsubhi NH, Alkarim S, Al Ghamdi KS, Bagabir SA, Jana A, Alghamdi BS, Atta HM, Ashraf GM. Stem-Cell-Based Therapy: The Celestial Weapon against Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:3476. [PMID: 36359871 PMCID: PMC9655836 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a versatile source for cell therapy. Their use is particularly significant for the treatment of neurological disorders for which no definitive conventional medical treatment is available. Neurological disorders are of diverse etiology and pathogenesis. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by abnormal protein deposits, leading to progressive dementia. Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to the specific degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons causing motor and sensory impairment. Huntington's disease (HD) includes a transmittable gene mutation, and any treatment should involve gene modulation of the transplanted cells. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple neurons sporadically but induces progressive neuronal dysfunction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) impacts upper and lower motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle degeneration. This shows the need to try to tailor different types of cells to repair the specific defect characteristic of each disease. In recent years, several types of stem cells were used in different animal models, including transgenic animals of various neurologic disorders. Based on some of the successful animal studies, some clinical trials were designed and approved. Some studies were successful, others were terminated and, still, a few are ongoing. In this manuscript, we aim to review the current information on both the experimental and clinical trials of stem cell therapy in neurological disorders of various disease mechanisms. The different types of cells used, their mode of transplantation and the molecular and physiologic effects are discussed. Recommendations for future use and hopes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Zayed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa Mohammad Yousof
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer I. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf H. Alsubhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alkarim
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cells Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud S. Al Ghamdi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Genetic Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankit Jana
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M. Atta
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Jiang Y, Wang R, Wang C, Guo Y, Xu T, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Xu H, Tang Y. Brain Microenvironment Responsive and Pro-Angiogenic Extracellular Vesicle-Hydrogel for Promoting Neurobehavioral Recovery in Type 2 Diabetic Mice After Stroke. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201150. [PMID: 36074801 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stroke patients with diabetes have worse neurological outcomes than non-diabetic stroke patients, and treatments beneficial for non-diabetic stroke patients are not necessarily effective for diabetic stroke patients. While stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show potential for treating stroke, the results remain unsatisfactory due to the lack of approaches for retaining and controlling EVs released into the brain. Herein, a glucose/reactive oxygen species dual-responsive hydrogel showing excellent injectability, biocompatibility, and self-healing capability is introduced as an EVs-loading vehicle and an intelligent EVs sustained releasing system in the brain. These EVs-hydrogels are developed via crosslinking of phenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid and Poly vinyl alcohol, and fusion with neural stem cell-derived EVs. The results show EVs are stably incorporated into the hydrogels and can be controllably released in response to the brain microenvironment after stroke in type 2 diabetic mice. The EVs-hydrogels exert an excellent angiogenic effect, increasing the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, injection of EVs-hydrogels into the ischemic mouse brain enhances EVs retention and facilitates sustained release, promotes angiogenesis, and improves neurobehavioral recovery. These results suggest such a microenvironment responsive and sustained release EVs-hydrogel system offers a safe, and efficient therapy for diabetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixu Jiang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yiyan Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - He Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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14
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Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. However, significant cell death after transplantation greatly limits its effectiveness. Poly (trimethylene carbonate)15-F127-poly (trimethylene carbonate)15 (PTMC15-F127-PTMC15, PFP) is a biodegradable thermo-sensitive hydrogel biomaterial, which can control drug release and provide permissive substrates for donor NSCs. In our study, we seeded NSCs into PFP polymer scaffold loaded with three neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and Neurotrophin-3. And then we transplanted this NSCs-polymer scaffold in rat brains 14 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. ELISA assay showed that PFP polymer scaffold sustained releasing three neurotrophic factors for at least 14 days. Western Blot and fluorescence immunostaining revealed that NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation significantly reduced apoptosis of ischemic penumbra and promoted differentiation of the transplanted NSCs into mature neurons. Furthermore, infarct size was reduced, and neurological performance of the animals were improved by the transplanted NSCs-polymer scaffold. These results demonstrate that PFP polymer scaffold loaded with neurotrophic factors can enhance the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation therapy, which provides a new way for cell transplantation therapy in ischemic stroke.
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15
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Sakowski SA, Chen KS. Stem cell therapy for central nervous system disorders: Metabolic interactions between transplanted cells and local microenvironments. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105842. [PMID: 35988874 PMCID: PMC10117179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising and rapidly advancing treatment strategy for a multitude of neurologic disorders. Yet, while early phase clinical trials are being pursued in many disorders, the mechanism of action often remains unclear. One important potential mechanism by which stem cells provide neuroprotection is through metabolic signaling with diseased neurons, glia, and other cell types in the nervous system microenvironment. Early studies exploring such interactions report normalization of glucose metabolism, induction of protective mitochondrial genes, and even interactions with supportive neurovasculature. Local metabolic conditions also impact stem cell biology, which can have a large impact on transplant viability and efficacy. Epigenetic changes that occur in the donor prior to collection of stem cells, and even during in vitro culture conditions, may have effects on stem cell biology that are carried into the host upon stem cell transplantation. Transplanted stem cells also face potentially toxic metabolic microenvironments at the targeted transplant site. Novel approaches for metabolically "preconditioning" stem cells prior to transplant harness metabolic machinery to optimize stem cell survival upon transplant. Ultimately, an improved understanding of the metabolic cross-talk between implanted stem cells and the local nervous system environment, in both disease and injury states, will increase the likelihood of success in translating stem cell therapy to early trials in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Kevin S Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Chen J, Lin X, Yao C, Bingwa LA, Wang H, Lin Z, Jin K, Zhuge Q, Yang S. Transplantation of Roxadustat-preconditioned bone marrow stromal cells improves neurological function recovery through enhancing grafted cell survival in ischemic stroke rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1519-1531. [PMID: 35695696 PMCID: PMC9437235 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic effect of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation for ischemic stroke is limited by its low survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Roxadustat (FG-4592) pretreatment could promote the survival rate of grafted BMSCs and improve neurological function deficits in ischemia rats. METHODS Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were constructed as stroke models in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry analysis and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected to evaluate BMSCs apoptosis. Infarct volume and neurobehavioral score were applied to evaluate functional recovery. Inflammatory cytokine expression, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial M1 polarization were assessed to confirm the enhanced neurological recovery after FG-4592 pretreatment. RESULTS FG-4592 promoted autophagy level to inhibit OGD-induced apoptosis through HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway. GFP and Ki67 double staining showed an improved survival rate of BMSCs in the FG-4592 group, whereas infarct volume and neurobehavioral score verified its enhanced neurological recovery activity simultaneously. NeuN and Iba-1 fluorescence staining showed improved neural survival and decreased microglial activation, along with decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels through the TLR-4/NF-kB pathway. CONCLUSIONS FG-4592 pretreated BMSCs improve neurological function recovery after stroke and are likely to be a promising strategy for stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lebohang Anesu Bingwa
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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17
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Click chemistry extracellular vesicle/peptide/chemokine nanomissiles for treating central nervous systems injuries. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:2202-2218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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18
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Hamrangsekachaee M, Baumann HJ, Pukale DD, Shriver LP, Leipzig ND. Investigating Mechanisms of Subcutaneous Preconditioning Incubation for Neural Stem Cell Embedded Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2176-2184. [PMID: 35412793 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are a vital component of regenerative medicine therapies, however, only a fraction of stem cells delivered to the central nervous system following injury survive the inflammatory environment. Previously, we showed that subcutaneous preconditioning of neural stem cell (NSC) embedded hydrogels for 28 days improved spinal cord injury (SCI) functional outcomes over controls. Here, we investigated the mechanism of subcutaneous preconditioning of NSC-embedded hydrogels, with and without the known neurogenic cue, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), for 3, 14, or 28 days to refine and identify subcutaneous preconditioning conditions by measurement of neurogenic markers and cytokines. Studying the preconditioning mechanism, we found that subcutaneous foreign body response (FBR) associated cytokines infiltrated the scaffold in groups with and without NSCs, with time point effects. A pro-inflammatory environment with upregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1, MIP-2, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-12p70 was observed on day 3. By 14 and 28 days, there was an increase in pro-regenerative cytokines (IL-13, IL-4) along with pro-inflammatory markers IL-1β, IP-10, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted) potentially part of the mechanism that had an increased functional outcome in SCI. Coinciding with changes in cytokines, the macrophage population increased over time from 3 to 28 days, whereas neutrophils peaked at 3 days with a significant decrease at later time points. Expression of the neuronal marker βIII tubulin in differentiating NSCs was supported at 3 days in the presence of soluble and immobilized IFN-γ and at 14 days by immobilized IFN-γ only, but it was greatly attenuated in all conditions at 28 days, partially because of dilution via host cell infiltration. We conclude that subcutaneously incubating NSC seeded scaffolds for 3 or 14 days could act as host specific preconditioning through exposure to FBR while retaining βIII tubulin expression of NSCs to further improve the SCI functional outcome observed with 28 day subcutaneous incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah J Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dipak D Pukale
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Leah P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.,Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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19
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Yang Y, Yin N, Gu Z, Zhao Y, Liu C, Zhou T, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Liu J, Shi J. Engineered biomimetic drug-delivery systems for ischemic stroke therapy. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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20
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Wei N, Li C, Zhu Y, Zheng P, Hu R, Chen J. Fluoxetine regulates the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells transplanted into rat brains after stroke by increasing the 5HT level. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136447. [PMID: 35007690 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, has been adopted for the treatment of post-stroke depression in recent years. It has been confirmed to induce neuronal regeneration in vivo, but its effect on inducing stem cell differentiation after transplantation has not yet been verified. To evaluate its regulatory effect on stem cell differentiation, fluoxetine was used in this study to treat rats with cerebral ischemia after neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation. The results showed that the proportion of NSCs differentiating into neurons significantly increased after fluoxetine treatment. In NSC adherent culture, the addition of 5-HT but not of fluoxetine significantly increased the neuronal differentiation ratio of NSCs. Moreover, the addition of 5-HT2A or 5-HT3A antagonists inhibited this effect. In addition, Western blotting revealed that the increase in 5-HT inhibited ERK2 phosphorylation and upregulated neurogenin1 expression. In conclusion, fluoxetine increased the 5-HT level and promoted neuronal differentiation, thereby upregulating neurogenin1 expression and downregulating ERK2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naili Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Yulian Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqi Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiping Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Guangdong, China
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21
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Ma R, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Li Y. Puerarin action on stem cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis: Therapeutic implications for geriatric diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153915. [PMID: 35026503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive and physical functions and various geriatric diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Puerarin (Pue), one of the main active flavonoids of Radix Puerariae (R. pueraria), is reportedly effective in treating geriatric diseases, including cardiovascular disease and hypertension. PURPOSE This review aims to summarize and discuss the profound physiological impact of Pue on various stem cell populations and provide new insights into the use of Pue for the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases. METHODS The literature was retrieved from the core collection of electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, using the following keywords and terms: Puerarin, Stem Cell, Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Geriatric diseases. These keywords were used in multiple overlapping combinations. RESULTS Pue is effective in the treatment and management of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease. Pue exerts significant physiological effects on various stem cell populations, including their self-renewal/proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Most importantly, it could improve the efficiency and accuracy of stem cell therapy for treating various geriatric diseases. Further studies are essential to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and elucidate their significance for future clinical applications. CONCLUSION The effects of Pue on various stem cell populations and their regulatory mechanisms are discussed in detail to provide new insights into the use of Pue in the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lucy Zhao
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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22
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Zhang HA, Yuan CX, Liu KF, Yang QF, Zhao J, Li H, Yang QH, Song D, Quan ZZ, Qing H. Neural stem cell transplantation alleviates functional cognitive deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:152-162. [PMID: 34100451 PMCID: PMC8451553 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of the transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease remain poorly understood. In this study, NSCs were transplanted into the hippocampal CA1 region of the rTg (tau P301L) 4510 mouse model, a tauopathy model that is thought to reflect the tau pathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The results revealed that NSC transplantation reduced the abnormal aggregation of tau, resulting in significant improvements in the short-term memory of the tauopathy model mice. Compared with wild-type and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice, mice that received NSC transplantations were characterized by changes in the expression of multiple proteins in brain tissue, particularly those related to the regulation of tau aggregation or misfolding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis revealed that these proteins were primarily enriched in pathways associated with long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, and other neurobiological processes. Changes in the expression levels of key proteins were verified by western blot assays. These data provided clues to improve the understanding of the functional capacity associated with NSC transplantation in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. This study was approved by the Beijing Animal Ethics Association and Ethics Committee of Beijing Institute of Technology (approval No. SYXK-BIT-school of life science-2017-M03) in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Da Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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23
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Wang L, Dong X, Feng S, Pan H, Jang X, Chen L, Zhao Y, Chen W, Huang Z. VX765 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by suppressing caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108405. [PMID: 34865993 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease involving intestinal tissue. IBD activates a series of cell death pathways. Pyroptosis is recently identified as a critical cell death pathway in IBD associated with the activation of caspase-1. VX765 is a caspase-1 inhibitor that can be converted to VRT-043198 in vivo. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic effect of VX765 on colitis using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice. In this research, the caspase-1 inhibitor on inflammatory, pyroptosis, apoptosis, macrophage activation, and intestinal barrier were investigated. We found that administration of VX765 attenuated body weight loss, colonic shortening, and colonic pathological injury in mice. Our study also revealed a therapeutic effect of VX765 on colitis in a dose-dependent manner. VX765 inhibited pyroptosis by curbing the Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and its downstream key inflammatory cytokines--IL-1β and IL-18. These results indicated that VX765 might have a dose-dependent therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xubin Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shuyi Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Haoran Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuepei Jang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lifei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Weizhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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24
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Human Cerebral Organoid Implantation Alleviated the Neurological Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6338722. [PMID: 34853630 PMCID: PMC8629662 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6338722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality and disability, and its treatment is still limited. Loss of neurons in damaged area is hardly rescued by relative molecular therapies. Based on its disease characteristics, we transplanted human embryonic stem cell- (hESC-) derived cerebral organoids in the brain lesions of controlled cortical impact- (CCI-) modeled severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Grafted organoids survived and differentiated in CCI-induced lesion pools in mouse cortical tissue. Implanted cerebral organoids differentiated into various types of neuronal cells, extended long projections, and showed spontaneous action, as indicated by electromyographic activity in the grafts. Induced vascularization and reduced glial scar were also found after organoid implantation, suggesting grafting could improve local situation and promote neural repair. More importantly, the CCI mice's spatial learning and memory improved after organoid grafting. These findings suggest that cerebral organoid implanted in lesion sites differentiates into cortical neurons, forms long projections, and reverses deficits in spatial learning and memory, a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI.
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25
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Li W, He T, Shi R, Song Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Yang GY, Wang Y. Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Transplantation Improves Stroke Recovery via Oligodendrogenesis, Neurite Growth and Synaptogenesis. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2096-2112. [PMID: 34881088 PMCID: PMC8612617 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic-induced white matter injury is strongly correlated with the poor neurological outcomes in stroke patients. The transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is an effective candidate for enhancing re-myelination in congenitally dysmyelinated brain and spinal cord. Nevertheless, mechanisms governing the recovery of white matter and axon after OPCs transplantation are incompletely understood in ischemic stroke. In this study, OPCs were transplanted into the ischemic brain at 7 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We observed improved behavior recovery and reduced brain atrophy volume at 28 days after OPCs transplantation. Moreover, our results identified that myelin sheath integrity and endogenous OPCs proliferation and migration were promoted after OPCs transplantation. By contrast, AMD3100, an antagonist of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, eliminated the beneficial effects of OPCs transplantation on white matter integrity and endogenous oligodendrogenesis. In addition, the improvement of neurite growth and synaptogenesis after OPCs transplantation in ischemic brain or OPC co-cultured neurons, potentially through the upregulation of Netrin-1, was indicated by increased protein levels of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95. Knockdown of Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma, a receptor of Netrin-1, prevented increased neurite growth and synaptogenesis in neurons co-cultured with OPCs. In conclusion, our studies suggested that engrafted OPCs promoted the recovery after ischemic stroke by enhancing endogenous oligodendrogenesis, neurite growth, and synaptogenesis; the last two being mediated by the Netrin-1/DCC axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rubing Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaohui Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Drs. Yongting Wang (E-mail:) and Guo-Yuan Yang (E-mail: ), Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Drs. Yongting Wang (E-mail:) and Guo-Yuan Yang (E-mail: ), Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Meng H, Cheng W, Wang L, Chen S, Teng Y, Lu Z, Li Y, Zhao M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction: a Systematic Review of Preclinical In Vivo Studies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:317-339. [PMID: 34611844 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several prior studies have highlighted the promise of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as tools for treating myocardial infarction (MI) patients. While MSCs were initially thought to mediate post-MI repair through differentiation and replacement of injured cells, they are now thought to function by releasing exosomes carrying important cargos which can prevent apoptosis and facilitate revascularization in the context of MI. Herein, we comprehensively survey prior preclinical studies examining MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) utility for the repair of MI-related tissue injury. In total, 24 relevant studies were identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases as per the PRISMA guidelines. In most studies, exosome-treated rodents exhibited improved cardiac function and angiogenesis together with decreased apoptotic cell death. MSC-Exos thus offer beneficial therapeutic efficacy when treating MI injury. However, further work will be necessary to standardize experimental preclinical models and to validate these results. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of previous preclinical studies on the utility of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the repair of myocardial infarction (MI) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Rizzo SA, Bartley O, Rosser AE, Newland B. Oxygen-glucose deprivation in neurons: implications for cell transplantation therapies. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102126. [PMID: 34339808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies hold the potential to restore neuronal networks compromised by neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease), or focal tissue damage (via a stroke or spinal cord injury). Despite some promising results achieved to date, transplanted cells typically exhibit poor survival in the central nervous system, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy of the graft. Although cell death post-transplantation is likely to be multifactorial in causality, growing evidence suggests that the lack of vascularisation at the graft site, and the resulting ischemic host environment, may play a fundamental role in the fate of grafted cells. Herein, we summarise data showing how the deprivation of either oxygen, glucose, or both in combination, impacts the survival of neurons and review strategies which may improve graft survival in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Bartley
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and B.R.A.I.N Unit, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK; Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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28
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Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Recent Progress. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9929128. [PMID: 34490053 PMCID: PMC8418553 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9929128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a common global disease that is characterized by a loss of neurological function and a poor prognosis in many patients. However, only a limited number of treatments are available for this condition at present. Given that the efficacies of these treatments tend to be poor, cerebral ischemia can create a significant burden on patients, families, and society. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation treatment has shown significant potential in animal models of ischemic stroke; however, the specific mechanisms underlying this effect have yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, clinical trials have yet to yield promising results. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify new methods to improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation as an optimal treatment for ischemic stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of recent scientific reports concerning novel strategies that promote MSC transplantation as an effective therapeutic approach, including physical approaches, chemical agents, traditional Chinese medicines and extracts, and genetic modification. Our analyses showed that two key factors need to be considered if we are to improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation treatments: survival ability and homing ability. We also highlight the importance of other significant mechanisms, including the enhanced activation of MSCs to promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of permeability in the blood-brain barrier. Further in-depth investigations of the specific mechanisms underlying MSC transplantation treatment will help us to identify effective methods that improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation for ischemic stroke. The development of safer and more effective methods will facilitate the application of MSC transplantation as a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of poststroke brain damage.
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Jia J, Wang M, Liu M, Tan Z, Cui Y, Yu M. MiR-421 Binds to PINK1 and Enhances Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal via HDAC3-Dependent FOXO3 Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621187. [PMID: 34354990 PMCID: PMC8329493 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of neural stem cells (NSCs) often lead to a variety of neurological diseases. Thus, therapies based on NSCs have gained increasing attention recently. It has been documented that microRNA (miR)-421 represses the autophagy and apoptosis of mouse hippocampal neurons and confers a role in the repair of ischemic brain injury (IBI). Herein, we aimed to illustrate the effects of miR-421 on NSC self-renewal. The downstream factors of miR-421 were predicted initially, followed by gain- and loss-of-function assays to examine their effects on NSC self-renewal. Immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays were conducted to validate the interaction among miR-421, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), HDAC3, and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). A mouse model with IBI was developed to substantiate the impact of the miR-421/PINK1/HDAC3/FOXO3 axis on NSC self-renewal. The expression of miR-421 was downregulated during differentiation of human embryonic NSCs, and miR-421 overexpression accelerated NSC self-renewal. Besides, miR-421 targeted PINK1 and restricted its expression in NSCs and further suppressed HDAC3 phosphorylation and enhanced FOXO3 acetylation. In conclusion, our data elucidated that miR-421 overexpression may facilitate NSC self-renewal through the PINK1/HDAC3/FOXO3 axis, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel therapies for IBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoying Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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A review of nardosinone for pharmacological activities. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174343. [PMID: 34265296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi is a natural medicinal plant that is widely used in Asia for the treatment of various neurological and cardiac diseases, and nardosinone is the main active ingredient of N. jatamansi, which has the potential to treat a variety of diseases. Herein, we summarize the reported chemical structure, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological potential of nardosinone, and point out areas for further research. We obtained studies that were related to the chemical structure and pharmacological activities of nardosinone from several databases. Previous studies have shown that nardosinone has anti-inflammatory effects, anti-hypertrophic effect in cardiomyocytes, enhances activity of the nerve growth factor and promotes neural stem cells to proliferate and differentiate. However, the molecular mechanism of how nardosinone promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, and its role in resisting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remains unclear and needs to be further studied. Overall, nardosinone has the potential to treat bacterial infections, periodontitis, cardiac diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the gaps found in the literature is the lack of more comprehensive information regarding the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of nardosinone.
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31
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Chen Y, Song F, Tu M, Wu S, He X, Liu H, Xu C, Zhang K, Zhu Y, Zhou R, Jin C, Wang P, Zhang H, Tian M. Quantitative proteomics revealed extensive microenvironmental changes after stem cell transplantation in ischemic stroke. Front Med 2021; 16:429-441. [PMID: 34241786 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The local microenvironment is essential to stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke, and spatiotemporal changes of the microenvironment in the pathological process provide vital clues for understanding the therapeutic mechanisms. However, relevant studies on microenvironmental changes were mainly confined in the acute phase of stroke, and long-term changes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the microenvironmental changes in the subacute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke after stem cell transplantation. Herein, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were transplanted into the ischemic brain established by middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. Positron emission tomography imaging and neurological tests were applied to evaluate the metabolic and neurofunctional alterations of rats transplanted with stem cells. Quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the protein expression profiles in iPSCs-transplanted brain in the subacute and chronic phases of stroke. Compared with NSCs-transplanted rats, significantly increased glucose metabolism and neurofunctional scores were observed in iPSCs-transplanted rats. Subsequent proteomic data of iPSCs-transplanted rats identified a total of 39 differentially expressed proteins in the subacute and chronic phases, which are involved in various ischemic stroke-related biological processes, including neuronal survival, axonal remodeling, antioxidative stress, and mitochondrial function restoration. Taken together, our study indicated that iPSCs have a positive therapeutic effect in ischemic stroke and emphasized the wide-ranging microenvironmental changes in the subacute and chronic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Fahuan Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Mengjiao Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Caiyun Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuankai Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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32
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Zerimech S, Nguyen H, Baltan S. Mitochondria as the memory of preconditioning. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2021; 4:151-160. [PMID: 36128004 PMCID: PMC9484407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preconditioning is such a paradigm that a stimulus below the threshold of causing harm makes the brain stronger and resilient to subsequent injury. Preconditioning affords a vigorous tolerance to the brain against neurodegeneration. Numerous efforts have tried to identify the molecular targets involved in preconditioning-induced protective responses and interestingly many of those diverse mechanisms posit mitochondria as a master regulator of preconditioning. Therefore, in this review, we will critically discuss recent and emerging evidence for the involvement of mitochondria within the preconditioning paradigm. We will introduce the crucial targets and signaling cascades by which mitochondria exert preconditioning with a focus on white matter mitochondria and whether and how mechanisms for preconditioning differ in neurons and glial cells. In this aspect, we will evaluate the role of mitochondrial shaping proteins to establish structure-function interdependence for fusion-fission balance, motility, ATP production, Ca+2, and ROS scavenging. We will also discuss how aging impacts mitochondria and the consequences of mitochondrial aging on preconditioning mechanisms. We will concentrate on the regulation of mitochondrial DNA content and quantification specifically for its value as a biomarker to monitor disease conditions. The identification of these mitochondrial preconditioning mechanisms can be translated to potential pharmacological interventions to increase intrinsic resilience of the brain to injury and to develop novel approaches to neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, mitochondria dynamics can be used as a memory or biomarker of preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zerimech
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Selva Baltan
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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33
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Salehi MS, Safari A, Pandamooz S, Jurek B, Hooshmandi E, Owjfard M, Bayat M, Zafarmand SS, Miyan JA, Borhani-Haghighi A. The Beneficial Potential of Genetically Modified Stem Cells in the Treatment of Stroke: a Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:412-440. [PMID: 34033001 PMCID: PMC8144279 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a surge in investigations proposing stem cells as a promising strategy to treat stroke. Since growth factor release is considered as one of the most important aspects of cell-based therapy, stem cells over-expressing growth factors are hypothesized to yield higher levels of therapeutic efficiency. In pre-clinical studies of the last 15 years that were investigating the efficiency of stem cell therapy for stroke, a variety of stem cell types were genetically modified to over-express various factors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell-derived growth factors, encompassing techniques employed and time points to evaluate. In addition, we discuss several types of stem cells, including the recently developed model of epidermal neural crest stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells over-expressing specific factors, which could elevate the restorative potential of naive stem cells. The restorative potential is based on enhanced survival/differentiation potential of transplanted cells, apoptosis inhibition, infarct volume reduction, neovascularization or functional improvement. Since the majority of studies have focused on the short-term curative effects of genetically engineered stem cells, we emphasize the need to address their long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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34
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Zhou D, Huang Z, Zhu X, Hong T, Zhao Y. Combination of endothelial progenitor cells and BB-94 significantly alleviates brain damage in a mouse model of diabetic ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:789. [PMID: 34055088 PMCID: PMC8145984 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a complication of chronic macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic ischemic stroke has not yet been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 on diabetic stroke. In vitro experiments were performed using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model cells, established using HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. MTT assays and flow cytometry revealed that BB-94 prominently induced the proliferation of the OGD/R model cells and prevented their apoptosis. When EPCs and BB-94 were applied to the OGD/R model cells in combination, proliferation was further accelerated and oxidative damage was attenuated. In vivo experiments were also performed using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. The results of modified neurological severity scoring and oxidative stress marker analysis demonstrated that EPCs and BB-94 prominently alleviated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the MCAO model mice. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot assays revealed that EPCs in combination with BB-94 significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and upregulated the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in OGD/R cells and MCAO model mice. The results suggest that EPCs were successfully isolated and identified, and the OGD/R cell and MCAO mouse models were successfully established. They also indicate that EPCs alone or in combination with BB-94 may exert protective effects against ischemic stroke via the reduction of MMP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixuan Zhou
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
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Cui Y, Yin Y, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Han J, Xu B, Chen B, Xiao Z, Song H, Shi Y, Xue W, Ma X, Dai J. The Rotary Cell Culture System increases NTRK3 expression and promotes neuronal differentiation and migratory ability of neural stem cells cultured on collagen sponge. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:298. [PMID: 34020702 PMCID: PMC8139048 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, neural stem cell (NSC) therapy has shown promise for the treatment of many neurological diseases. Enhancing the quality of implanted cells and improving therapeutic efficacy are currently research hotspots. It has been reported that collagen sponge material provided sufficient room for cell growth in all directions and promoted the absorption of nutrients and removal of wastes. And also, the Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS), which mimics the microgravity environment, can be used to culture cells for tissue engineering. Materials and methods We performed the mRNA and miRNA sequencing to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of NSCs cultured on the collagen sponge in the RCCS system. The luciferase assay and Western blot revealed a direct regulatory role between let-7i-5p and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3; also called TrkC). And then, the neural differentiation markers Tuj1 and Map2 were detected by immunofluorescence staining. In the meantime, the migratory ability of NSCs was detected both in vitro and in spinal cord injury animals. Results In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of NTRK3 was elevated in NSCs cultured on collagen sponge in the RCCS system. Furthermore, increased NTRK3 expression was regulated by the downregulation of let-7i-5p. Compared to traditionally cultured NSCs, the NSCs cultured on collagen sponge in the RCCS system exhibited better neuronal differentiation and migratory ability, especially in the presence of NT-3. Conclusions As the biological properties and quality of transplanted cells are critical for therapeutic success, the RCCS system combined with the collagen sponge culture system shows promise for applications in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunlong Zou
- Orthopaedics Surgery Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongwei Song
- EHBIO gene technology, No. 46, Jiugulou Street, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Ya Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Ding K, Lai Z, Yang G, Zeng L. MiR-140-5p targets Prox1 to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells through the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:671. [PMID: 33987369 PMCID: PMC8106095 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The expression of miR-140-5p increased in the brain tissue of a bilateral common carotid artery ligation model, while the overexpression of miR-140-5p significantly decreased the number of neurons. The luciferase report experiment in the previous study proved that miR-140-5p negatively regulated one of the potential targets of Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1). Therefore, we want to investigate the effect of miR-140-5p on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Primary NSCs were extracted from pregnant ICR mice aged 16–18 days and induced to differentiate. After transient transfection with miR-140-5p mimic and inhibitor into NSCs, the cells were divided into five groups: blank, mimic normal control, mimic, inhibitor normal control, and inhibitor. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrDU), Ki-67 were used, and the diameter of neural spheres was measured to observe proliferation ability 48 h later. Doublecortin (DCX), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microtubule-associated proteins 2 (MAP-2), synapsin I (SYN1), and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) were stained to identify the effect of miR-140-5p on the differentiation ability of NSCs into neural precursor cells, astrocytes, and neurons and the expression of synapse-associated proteins. The expression of miR-140-5p, Prox1, p-ERK1/2, and ERK1/2 was analyzed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Results While the expression of miR-140-5p decreased after NSC differentiation (P<0.05), the results of CCK-8, BrDU, and Ki-67 staining showed no significant difference in cell viability and the percentage of NSCs with proliferation ability (P>0.05). However, the neural spheres were shorter in the miR-140-5p overexpression group (P<0.05) and the expression of DCX, MAP2, synapsin I, and PSD-95 decreased, while the expression of GFAP increased after differentiation in the mimic group (P<0.05). In addition, the expression of Prox1 decreased and the expression of p-ERK1/2 protein increased (P<0.05), but the expression of ERK1/2 showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the miR-140-5p overexpression group. Conclusions MiR-140-5p reduced the proliferation rate of NSCs, inhibited their differentiation into neurons, produced synapse-associated proteins, and promoted their differentiation into astrocytes. MiR-140-5p negatively regulated downstream target Prox1 and activated the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Ding
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua Lai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zeng CW, Kamei Y, Shigenobu S, Sheu JC, Tsai HJ. Injury-induced Cavl-expressing cells at lesion rostral side play major roles in spinal cord regeneration. Open Biol 2021; 11:200304. [PMID: 33622104 PMCID: PMC8061693 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of cellular heterogeneity involved in neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unclear. Therefore, we established stress-responsive transgenic zebrafish embryos with SCI. As a result, we found an SCI-induced cell population, termed SCI stress-responsive regenerating cells (SrRCs), essential for neuronal regeneration post-SCI. SrRCs were mostly composed of subtypes of radial glia (RGs-SrRCs) and neuron stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs-SrRCs) that are able to differentiate into neurons, and they formed a bridge across the lesion and connected with neighbouring undamaged motor neurons post-SCI. Compared to SrRCs at the caudal side of the SCI site (caudal-SrRCs), rostral-SrRCs participated more actively in neuronal regeneration. After RNA-seq analysis, we discovered that caveolin 1 (cav1) was significantly upregulated in rostral-SrRCs and that cav1 was responsible for the axonal regrowth and regenerative capability of rostral-SrRCs. Collectively, we define a specific SCI-induced cell population, SrRCs, involved in neuronal regeneration, demonstrate that rostral-SrRCs exhibit higher neuronal differentiation capability and prove that cav1 is predominantly expressed in rostral-SrRCs, playing a major role in neuronal regeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei 10008, Taiwan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB, NINS, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jin-Chuan Sheu
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei 10008, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
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Rahman AA, Amruta N, Pinteaux E, Bix GJ. Neurogenesis After Stroke: A Therapeutic Perspective. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:1-14. [PMID: 32862401 PMCID: PMC7803692 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet therapeutic strategies available to treat stroke are very limited. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics that can effectively facilitate functional recovery. The injury that results from stroke is known to induce neurogenesis in penumbra of the infarct region. There is considerable interest in harnessing this response for therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes what is currently known about stroke-induced neurogenesis and the factors that have been identified to regulate it. Additionally, some key studies in this field have been highlighted and their implications on future of stroke therapy have been discussed. There is a complex interplay between neuroinflammation and neurogenesis that dictates stroke outcome and possibly recovery. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory process and how it affects neurogenesis, as well as the need to identify new mechanisms and potential modulators. Neuroinflammatory processes and their impact on post-stroke repair have therefore also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir A Rahman
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Narayanappa Amruta
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, A.V. Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gregory J Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Chen Q, Li L, Xie H. [Research progress of different types of stem cells in treatment of ischemic stroke]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:111-117. [PMID: 33448208 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202004160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the recent research progress of different types of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Methods By searching the PubMed database, a systematic review had been carried out for the results of applying different types of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke between 2000 and 2020. Results Stem cells can be transplanted via intracranial, intravascular, cerebrospinal fluid, and intranasal route in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Paracrine and cell replacement are the two major mechanisms of the therapy. The researches have mainly focused on utilization of neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of capability of migration, survival rate, and safety. Certain stem cell therapies have completed phase one clinical trial. Conclusion Stem cells transplantation is feasible and has a great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, albeit that certain obstacles, including the selection of stem cells, transplantation strategy, migration ability, survival rate, still wait to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhu Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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Zheng X, Hermann DM, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. The role of small extracellular vesicles in cerebral and myocardial ischemia-Molecular signals, treatment targets, and future clinical translation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:403-413. [PMID: 33432732 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The heart and the brain mutually interact with each other, forming a functional axis that is disturbed under conditions of ischemia. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Due to heart-brain interactions, therapeutic actions of EVs in the brain and the heart cannot be regarded in an isolated way. Effects in each of the two organs reciprocally influence the outcome of the other. Stem cell-derived EVs modulate a large number of signaling pathways in both tissues. Upon ischemia, EVs prevent delayed injury, promote angiogenesis, enhance parenchymal remodeling, and enable functional tissue recovery. The therapeutic effects greatly depend on EV cargos, among which are noncoding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, which modulate cell signaling in a differential way that not always corresponds to each other in the two tissues. Interestingly, the same miRNA or protein localized in EVs can modulate different signaling pathways in the ischemic heart and brain, which may have diverse consequences for disease outcomes. Paying careful attention to unveiling these underlying mechanisms may provide new insights into tissue remodeling processes and identify targets for ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction therapies. Some of these mechanisms are discussed in this concise review, and consequences for the clinical translation of EVs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Intracisternal administration of tanshinone IIA-loaded nanoparticles leads to reduced tissue injury and functional deficits in a porcine model of ischemic stroke. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:18-30. [PMID: 33842909 PMCID: PMC8019951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The absolute number of new stroke patients is annually increasing and there still remains only a few Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatments with significant limitations available to patients. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a promising potential therapeutic for ischemic stroke that has shown success in pre-clinical rodent studies but lead to inconsistent efficacy results in human patients. The physical properties of Tan-IIA, including short half-life and low solubility, suggests that Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle-assisted delivery may lead to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to develop Tan IIA-loaded nanoparticles (Tan IIA-NPs) and to evaluate their therapeutic effects on cerebral pathological changes and consequent motor function deficits in a pig ischemic stroke model. Results Tan IIA-NP treated neural stem cells showed a reduction in SOD activity in in vitro assays demonstrating antioxidative effects. Ischemic stroke pigs treated with Tan IIA-NPs showed reduced hemispheric swelling when compared to vehicle only treated pigs (7.85 ± 1.41 vs. 16.83 ± 0.62%), consequent midline shift (MLS) (1.72 ± 0.07 vs. 2.91 ± 0.36 mm), and ischemic lesion volumes (9.54 ± 5.06 vs. 12.01 ± 0.17 cm3) when compared to vehicle-only treated pigs. Treatment also lead to lower reductions in diffusivity (-37.30 ± 3.67 vs. -46.33 ± 0.73%) and white matter integrity (-19.66 ± 5.58 vs. -30.11 ± 1.19%) as well as reduced hemorrhage (0.85 ± 0.15 vs 2.91 ± 0.84 cm3) 24 h post-ischemic stroke. In addition, Tan IIA-NPs led to a reduced percentage of circulating band neutrophils at 12 (7.75 ± 1.93 vs. 14.00 ± 1.73%) and 24 (4.25 ± 0.48 vs 5.75 ± 0.85%) hours post-stroke suggesting a mitigated inflammatory response. Moreover, spatiotemporal gait deficits including cadence, cycle time, step time, swing percent of cycle, stride length, and changes in relative mean pressure were less severe post-stroke in Tan IIA-NP treated pigs relative to control pigs. Conclusion The findings of this proof of concept study strongly suggest that administration of Tan IIA-NPs in the acute phase post-stroke mitigates neural injury likely through limiting free radical formation, thus leading to less severe gait deficits in a translational pig ischemic stroke model. With stroke as one of the leading causes of functional disability in the United States, and gait deficits being a major component, these promising results suggest that acute Tan IIA-NP administration may improve functional outcomes and the quality of life of many future stroke patients.
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Key Words
- ADC, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AU, arbitrary units
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- Baic, Baicalin
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebral spinal fluid
- DAMPS, damaged-associated molecular patterns
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
- DWI, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
- Edar, Edaravone
- FA, fractional anisotropy
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- GM, gray matter
- IC, inhibitory concentration
- ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IM, intramuscular
- Ischemic stroke
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MCA, middle cerebral artery
- MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion
- MLS, midline shift
- NP, nanoparticle
- NSCs, neural stem cells
- Nanomedicine
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PEG–PLGA, polyethyleneglycol–polylactic-co-glycolic acid
- PLGA nanoparticle
- PLGA, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLGA-b-PEG-OH, poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly (ethylene glycol)-maleimide
- Pig stroke model
- Piog, Pioglitazone
- Puer, Puerarin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Resv, Resveratrol
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAIR, Stroke Therapy Academic and Industry Roundtable
- T2*, T2Star
- T2FLAIR, T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery
- T2W, T2Weighted
- TD, transdermal
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- Tan IIA, Tanshinone IIA
- Tan IIA-NPs, Tan IIA PLGA NPs
- Tan IIA-NPs, Tan IIA-loaded nanoparticles
- Tanshinone IIA
- UGA, University of Georgia
- WM, white matter
- ddH2O, double-distilled water
- tPA, Tissue plasminogen activator
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Stem Cells an Overview. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Cerebral palsy is the most common disease in children associated with lifelong disability in many countries. Clinical research has demonstrated that traditional physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapies cannot alone cure cerebral palsy. Stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy that has been applied in clinical trials for a variety of neurological diseases because of the regenerative and unlimited proliferative capacity of stem cells. In this review, we summarize the design schemes and results of these clinical trials. Our findings reveal great differences in population characteristics, stem cell types and doses, administration methods, and evaluation methods among the included clinical trials. Furthermore, we also assess the safety and efficacy of these clinical trials. We anticipate that our findings will advance the rational development of clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy and contribute to the clinical application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yue Lv
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Resveratrol promotes the survival and neuronal differentiation of hypoxia-conditioned neuronal progenitor cells in rats with cerebral ischemia. Front Med 2020; 15:472-485. [PMID: 33263836 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia conditioning could increase the survival of transplanted neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) in rats with cerebral ischemia but could also hinder neuronal differentiation partly by suppressing mitochondrial metabolism. In this work, the mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxia-conditioned NPCs (hcNPCs) was upregulated via the additional administration of resveratrol, an herbal compound, to resolve the limitation of hypoxia conditioning on neuronal differentiation. Resveratrol was first applied during the in vitro neuronal differentiation of hcNPCs and concurrently promoted the differentiation, synaptogenesis, and functional development of neurons derived from hcNPCs and restored the mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, this herbal compound was used as an adjuvant during hcNPC transplantation in a photothrombotic stroke rat model. Resveratrol promoted neuronal differentiation and increased the long-term survival of transplanted hcNPCs. 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and rotarod test showed that resveratrol and hcNPC transplantation synergistically improved the neurological and metabolic recovery of stroke rats. In conclusion, resveratrol promoted the neuronal differentiation and therapeutic efficiency of hcNPCs in stroke rats via restoring mitochondrial metabolism. This work suggested a novel approach to promote the clinical translation of NPC transplantation therapy.
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Hamel R, Pappa V, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Harnessing the Neural Stem Cell Secretome for Regenerative Neuroimmunology. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590960. [PMID: 33250716 PMCID: PMC7674923 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence foresees the secretome of neural stem cells (NSCs) to confer superimposable beneficial properties as exogenous NSC transplants in experimental treatments of traumas and diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Naturally produced secretome biologics include membrane-free signaling molecules and extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) capable of regulating broad functional responses. The development of high-throughput screening pipelines for the identification and validation of NSC secretome targets is still in early development. Encouraging results from pre-clinical animal models of disease have highlighted secretome-based (acellular) therapeutics as providing significant improvements in biochemical and behavioral measurements. Most of these responses are being hypothesized to be the result of modulating and promoting the restoration of key inflammatory and regenerative programs in the CNS. Here, we will review the most recent findings regarding the identification of NSC-secreted factors capable of modulating the immune response to promote the regeneration of the CNS in animal models of CNS trauma and inflammatory disease and discuss the increased interest to refine the pro-regenerative features of the NSC secretome into a clinically available therapy in the emerging field of Regenerative Neuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M. Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wang Z, Du J, Lachance BB, Mascarenhas C, He J, Jia X. Intracerebroventricular Administration of hNSCs Improves Neurological Recovery after Cardiac Arrest in Rats. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:923-937. [PMID: 33140234 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible brain injury and neurological dysfunction induced by cardiac arrest (CA) have long been a clinical challenge due to lack of effective therapeutic interventions to reverse neuronal loss and prevent secondary reperfusion injury. The neuronal regenerative potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) provides a possible solution to this clinical deficit. We investigated the neuronal recovery potential of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) xenotransplantation after CA in rats and the effects of transplanted NSCs on the proliferation and migration of endogenous NSCs. Outcome measures included neurological functional recovery measured by neurological deficit score (NDS), electrophysiologic analysis of EEG, and assessment of proliferation and migration at the cellular level and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway at the molecular level. Neurological functional assessment based on aggregate neurological deficit score (NDS) showed better recovery of function after hNSCs therapy (P < 0.05). Tracking of stem cells' proliferation with Ki67 antibody suggested that the NSCs group had more prominent proliferation compared to control group (number of Ki67+ cells, Control VS. NSC: 89.0 ± 31.6 VS. 352.7 ± 97.3, P < 0.05). In addition, cell migration tracked by Dcx antibody showed more Dcx + cells migrated to the far distance zone from SVZ in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Further immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the expression of the Wnt signaling pathway protein (β-catenin) was upregulated in the NSC group (P < 0.05). ICV delivery of hNSCs promotes endogenous NSC proliferation and migration and ultimately enhances neuronal survival and neurological functional recovery. Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of this enhancement.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 43007, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Conrad Mascarenhas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Junyun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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47
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Singhal NS, Bai M, Lee EM, Luo S, Cook KR, Ma DK. Cytoprotection by a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 in Arctic ground squirrel neural progenitor cells. eLife 2020; 9:55578. [PMID: 33050999 PMCID: PMC7671683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many organisms in nature have evolved mechanisms to tolerate severe hypoxia or ischemia, including the hibernation-capable Arctic ground squirrel (AGS). Although hypoxic or ischemia tolerance in AGS involves physiological adaptations, little is known about the critical cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic AGS cell resilience to metabolic stress. Through cell survival-based cDNA expression screens in neural progenitor cells, we identify a genetic variant of AGS Atp5g1 that confers cell resilience to metabolic stress. Atp5g1 encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. Ectopic expression in mouse cells and CRISPR/Cas9 base editing of endogenous AGS loci revealed causal roles of one AGS-specific amino acid substitution in mediating cytoprotection by AGS ATP5G1. AGS ATP5G1 promotes metabolic stress resilience by modulating mitochondrial morphological change and metabolic functions. Our results identify a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 from a mammalian hibernator that critically contributes to intrinsic cytoprotection against metabolic stress. When animals hibernate, they lower their body temperature and metabolism to conserve the energy they need to withstand cold harsh winters. One such animal is the Arctic ground squirrel, an extreme hibernator that can drop its body temperatures to below 0°C. This hibernation ability means the cells of Arctic ground squirrels can survive severe shortages of blood and oxygen. But, it is unclear how their cells are able to endure this metabolic stress. To answer this question, Singhal, Bai et al. studied the cells of Arctic ground squirrels for unique features that might make them more durable to stress. Examining the genetic code of these resilient cells revealed that Arctic ground squirrels may have a variant form of a protein called ATP5G1. This protein is found in a cellular compartment called the mitochondria, which is responsible for supplying energy to the rest of the cell and therefore plays an important role in metabolic processes. Singhal, Bai et al. found that when this variant form of ATP5G1 was introduced into the cells of mice, their mitochondria was better at coping with stress conditions, such as low oxygen, low temperature and poisoning. Using a gene editing tool to selectively substitute some of the building blocks, also known as amino acids, that make up the ATP5G1 protein revealed that improvements to the mitochondria were caused by switching specific amino acids. However, swapping these amino acids, which presumably affects the role of ATP5G1, did not completely remove the cells’ resilience to stress. This suggests that variants of other genes and proteins may also be involved in providing protection. These findings provide the first evidence of a protein variant that is responsible for protecting cells during the metabolic stress conditions caused by hibernation. The approach taken by Singhal, Bai et al. could be used to identify and study other proteins that increase resilience to metabolic stress. These findings could help develop new treatments for diseases caused by a limited blood supply to human organs, such as a stroke or heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Meirong Bai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Evan M Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shuo Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kayleigh R Cook
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Dengke K Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, United States
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48
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Tran EK, Juarez KO, Long JL. Stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia: Rationale, benefits, and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1001-1012. [PMID: 33033560 PMCID: PMC7524699 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysphagia, defined as difficulty swallowing, is a common symptom negatively impacting millions of adults annually. Estimated prevalence ranges from 14 to 33 percent in those over age 65 to over 70 percent in a nursing home setting. The elderly, those with neurodegenerative diseases, head and neck cancer patients, and those with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome are disproportionately affected. Oropharyngeal dysphagia refers specifically to difficulty in initiating a swallow due to dysfunction at or above the upper esophageal sphincter, and represents a large proportion of dysphagia cases. Current treatments are limited and are often ineffective. Stem cell therapy is a new and novel advancement that may fill a much-needed role in our treatment regimen. Here, we review the current literature regarding stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Topics discussed include tissue regeneration advancements as a whole and translation of these principles into research surrounding tongue dysfunction, xerostomia, cricopharyngeal dysfunction, and finally an overview of the challenges and future directions for investigation. Although this field of study remains in its early stages, initial promising results show potential for the use of stem cell-based therapies to treat oropharyngeal dysphagia and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Tran
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Kevin O Juarez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Jennifer L Long
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States
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49
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Yao M, Shi X, Zuo C, Ma M, Zhang L, Zhang H, Li X, Yang GY, Tang Y, Wu R. Engineering of SPECT/Photoacoustic Imaging/Antioxidative Stress Triple-Function Nanoprobe for Advanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy of Cerebral Ischemia. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37885-37895. [PMID: 32806884 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The precise transplantation, long-term tracking, and maintenance of stem cells with maximizing therapeutic effect are significant challenges in stem cell-based therapy for stroke treatment. In this study, a unique core-shell labeling nanoagent was prepared by encapsulating a cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (CPMSN) into a 125I-conjugated/spermine-modified dextran polymer (125I-SD) by microfluidics for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) tracking and activity maintenance. The CPMSN core not only exhibits excellent photoacoustic (PA) imaging performance induced by the intermolecular aggregation of CoPP within the mesopores but also protects the MSCs against oxidative stress by sustained release of CoPP. Meanwhile, the addition of a 125I-SD shell can increase the uptake efficiency in MSCs without inducing cell variability and enable the single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) nuclear imaging. In vivo results indicated that CPMSN@125I-SD labeling could allow for an optimal combination of instant imaging of MSCs, with PA to guide intracerebral injection, followed by multiple time point SPECT imaging to consecutively track the cell homing. Importantly, the sustained release of CoPP from CPMSN@125I-SD significantly increased the survival of MSCs after injection into an ischemic mouse brain and promoted neurobehavioral recovery in ischemic mice. Thus, CPMSN@125I-SD represents a robust theranostic probe for both MSC tracking and maintaining their therapeutic effect in the treatment of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Yao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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50
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Glia and Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Healthy and Ischemic Brain: The Workplace for the Wnt Signaling Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070804. [PMID: 32708801 PMCID: PMC7397164 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in the self-renewal, fate-commitment and survival of the neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Ischemic stroke impairs the proper functioning of the CNS and, therefore, active Wnt signaling may prevent, ameliorate, or even reverse the negative effects of ischemic brain injury. In this review, we provide the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in the adult CNS, its status in diverse cell types, and the Wnt pathway’s impact on the properties of NS/PCs and glial cells in the context of ischemic injury. Finally, we summarize promising strategies that might be considered for stroke therapy, and we outline possible future directions of the field.
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