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Zhou C, Li S, Qiu N, Sun P, Hamblin MH, Dixon CE, Chen J, Yin KJ. Loss of microRNA-15a/16-1 function promotes neuropathological and functional recovery in experimental traumatic brain injury. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e178650. [PMID: 38912585 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The diffuse axonal damage in white matter and neuronal loss, along with excessive neuroinflammation, hinder long-term functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding target genes in a posttranscriptional manner. Recent studies have shown that loss of function of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster reduced neurovascular damage and improved functional recovery in ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. However, the role of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster in neurotrauma is poorly explored. Here, we report that genetic deletion of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster facilitated the recovery of sensorimotor and cognitive functions, alleviated white matter/gray matter lesions, reduced cerebral glial cell activation, and inhibited infiltration of peripheral blood immune cells to brain parenchyma in a murine model of TBI when compared with WT controls. Moreover, intranasal delivery of the miR-15a/16-1 antagomir provided similar brain-protective effects conferred by genetic deletion of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster after experimental TBI, as evidenced by showing improved sensorimotor and cognitive outcomes, better white/gray matter integrity, and less inflammatory responses than the control antagomir-treated mice after brain trauma. miR-15a/16-1 genetic deficiency and miR-15a/16-1 antagomir also significantly suppressed inflammatory mediators in posttrauma brains. These results suggest miR-15a/16-1 as a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Na Qiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang S, Li C, Kang X, Su X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Deng X, Huang H, Li T, Lu D, Cai W, Lu Z, Wei L, Lu T. Agomelatine promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and preserves white matter integrity after cerebral ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241260100. [PMID: 38853430 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241260100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury contributes to neurological disorders after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The repair of white matter injury is dependent on the re-myelination by oligodendrocytes. Both melatonin and serotonin antagonist have been proved to protect against post-stroke white matter injury. Agomelatine (AGM) is a multi-functional treatment which is both a melatonin receptor agonist and selective serotonin receptor antagonist. Whether AGM protects against white matter injury after stroke and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of AGM in stroke mice. Sensorimotor and cognitive functions, white matter integrity, oligodendroglial regeneration and re-myelination in stroke hemisphere after AGM treatment were analyzed. We found that AGM efficiently preserved white matter integrity, reduced brain tissue loss, attenuated long-term sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in tMCAO models. AGM treatment promoted OPC differentiation and enhanced re-myelination both in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, although OPC proliferation was unaffected. Mechanistically, AGM activated low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling thus promoted OPC differentiation and re-myelination after stroke. Inhibition of PPARγ or knock-down of LRP1 in OPCs reversed the beneficial effects of AGM. Altogether, our data indicate that AGM represents a novel therapy against white matter injury after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Su
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huipeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiemei Li
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Huang Y, Lyu F, Wang Y, Wei P, Yuan Y, Fu Y, Gao Y. Microglial histone deacetylase 2 is dispensable for functional and histological outcomes in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:817-835. [PMID: 38069842 PMCID: PMC11197137 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231197173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Class-I histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate microglial inflammation and neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, whether the individual Class-I HDACs play an indispensable role in TBI pathogenesis remains elusive. HDAC2 has been shown to upregulate pro-inflammatory genes in myeloid cells under brain injuries such as intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby worsening outcomes. Thus, we hypothesized that HDAC2 drives microglia toward a pro-inflammatory neurotoxic phenotype in a murine model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). Our results revealed that HDAC2 expression was highly induced in CD16/CD32+ pro-inflammatory microglia 3 and 7d after TBI. Surprisingly, microglia-targeted HDAC2 knockout (HDAC2 miKO) mice failed to demonstrate a beneficial phenotype after CCI/TBI compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. HDAC2 miKO mice exhibited comparable levels of grey and white matter injury, efferocytosis, and sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after CCI/TBI as WT mice. RNA sequencing of isolated microglia 3d after CCI/TBI indicated the elevation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in HDAC2 miKO mice over WT mice, and flow cytometry showed further elevated brain infiltration of neutrophils and B cells in HDAC2 miKO mice. Together, this study does not support a detrimental role for HDAC2 in microglial responses after TBI and calls for investigation into alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gou M, Li W, Tong J, Zhou Y, Xie T, Yu T, Feng W, Li Y, Chen S, Tian B, Tan S, Wang Z, Pan S, Luo X, Li CSR, Zhang P, Huang J, Tian L, Hong LE, Tan Y. Correlation of Immune-Inflammatory Response System (IRS)/Compensatory Immune-Regulatory Reflex System (CIRS) with White Matter Integrity in First-Episode Patients with Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2754-2763. [PMID: 37932545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported compromised white matter integrity, and that some inflammatory mediators may underlie this functional dysconnectivity in the brain of patients with schizophrenia. The immune-inflammatory response system and compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (IRS/CIRS) are novel biomarkers for exploring the role of immune imbalance in the pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore the little-known area regarding the composite score of peripheral cytokines, the IRS/CIRS, and its correlation with white matter integrity and the specific microstructures most affected in schizophrenia. First-episode patients with schizophrenia (FEPS, n = 94) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 50) were enrolled in this study. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The whole brain white matter integrity was measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a 3-T Prisma MRI scanner. The IRS/CIRS in FEPS was significantly higher than that in HCs (p = 1.5 × 10-5) and Cohen's d effect size was d = 0.74. FEPS had a significantly lower whole-brain white matter average FA (p = 0.032), which was negatively associated with IRS/CIRS (p = 0.029, adjusting for age, sex, years of education, BMI, and total intracranial volume), but not in the HCs (p > 0.05). Among the white matter microstructures, only the cortico-spinal tract was significantly correlated with IRS/CIRS in FEPS (r = - 0.543, p = 0.0009). Therefore, elevated IRS/CIRS may affect the white matter in FEPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhuang Gou
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Pan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.
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5
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Zuo Z, Fan B, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Chi J, Li G. Interleukin-4 protects retinal ganglion cells and promotes axon regeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:236. [PMID: 38650003 PMCID: PMC11034112 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preservation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the facilitation of axon regeneration are crucial considerations in the management of various vision-threatening disorders. Therefore, we investigate the efficacy of interleukin-4 (IL-4), a potential therapeutic agent, in promoting neuroprotection and axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as identified through whole transcriptome sequencing in an in vitro axon growth model. METHODS A low concentration of staurosporine (STS) was employed to induce in vitro axon growth. Whole transcriptome sequencing was utilized to identify key target factors involved in the molecular mechanism underlying axon growth. The efficacy of recombinant IL-4 protein on promoting RGC axon growth was validated through in vitro experiments. The protective effect of recombinant IL-4 protein on somas of RGCs was assessed using RBPMS-specific immunofluorescent staining in mouse models with optic nerve crush (ONC) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) injury. The protective effect on RGC axons was evaluated by anterograde labeling of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB), while the promotion of RGC axon regeneration was assessed through both anterograde labeling of CTB and immunofluorescent staining for growth associated protein-43 (GAP43). RESULTS Whole-transcriptome sequencing of staurosporine-treated 661 W cells revealed a significant upregulation in intracellular IL-4 transcription levels during the process of axon regeneration. In vitro experiments demonstrated that recombinant IL-4 protein effectively stimulated axon outgrowth. Subsequent immunostaining with RBPMS revealed a significantly higher survival rate of RGCs in the rIL-4 group compared to the vehicle group in both NMDA and ONC injury models. Axonal tracing with CTB confirmed that recombinant IL-4 protein preserved long-distance projection of RGC axons, and there was a notably higher number of surviving axons in the rIL-4 group compared to the vehicle group following NMDA-induced injury. Moreover, intravitreal delivery of recombinant IL-4 protein substantially facilitated RGC axon regeneration after ONC injury. CONCLUSION The recombinant IL-4 protein exhibits the potential to enhance the survival rate of RGCs, protect RGC axons against NMDA-induced injury, and facilitate axon regeneration following ONC. This study provides an experimental foundation for further investigation and development of therapeutic agents aimed at protecting the optic nerve and promoting axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China.
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Song X, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Du L. Advantages of nanocarriers for basic research in the field of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:237-245. [PMID: 37488872 PMCID: PMC10503611 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for the efficient treatment of traumatic brain injury is the need for therapeutic molecules to cross the blood-brain barrier to enter and accumulate in brain tissue. To overcome this problem, researchers have begun to focus on nanocarriers and other brain-targeting drug delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, basic pathophysiology, current clinical treatment, the establishment of models, and the evaluation indicators that are commonly used for traumatic brain injury. We also report the current status of traumatic brain injury when treated with nanocarriers such as liposomes and vesicles. Nanocarriers can overcome a variety of key biological barriers, improve drug bioavailability, increase intracellular penetration and retention time, achieve drug enrichment, control drug release, and achieve brain-targeting drug delivery. However, the application of nanocarriers remains in the basic research stage and has yet to be fully translated to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wu W, Luo Z, Shen D, Lan T, Xiao Z, Liu M, Hu L, Sun T, Wang Y, Zhang JN, Zhang C, Wang P, Lu Y, Yang F, Li Q. IL-10 protects against OPC ferroptosis by regulating lipid reactive oxygen species levels post stroke. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102982. [PMID: 38070317 PMCID: PMC10755589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially on lipids, induces massive cell death in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and causes severe neurologic deficits post stroke. While small compounds, such as deferoxamine, lipostatin-1, and ferrostatin-1, have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid ROS, the mechanisms by which endogenously protective molecules act against lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death are still unclear, especially in OPCs, which are critical for maintaining white matter integrity and improving long-term outcomes after stroke. Here, using mouse primary OPC cultures, we demonstrate that interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine playing roles in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting hematoma clearance, significantly reduced hemorrhage-induced lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent ferroptosis in OPCs. Mechanistically, IL-10 activated the IL-10R/STAT3 signaling pathway and upregulated the DLK1/AMPK/ACC axis. Subsequently, IL-10 reprogrammed lipid metabolism and reduced lipid ROS accumulation. In addition, in an autologous blood injection intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) mouse model, deficiency of the endogenous Il-10, specific knocking out Il10r or Dlk1 in OPCs, or administration of ACC inhibitor was associated with increased OPC cell death, demyelination, axonal sprouting, and the cognitive deficits during the chronic phase of ICH and vice versa. These data suggest that IL-10 protects against OPC loss and white matter injury by reducing lipid ROS, supporting further development of potential clinical applications to benefit patients with stroke and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhaoli Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongnan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Liye Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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8
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Guan X, Wu J, Geng J, Ji D, Wei D, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Jiang G, Pang T, Huang Z. A Novel Hybrid of Telmisartan and Borneol Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and White Matter Injury in Ischemic Stroke Through ATF3/CH25H Axis. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:195-218. [PMID: 36577854 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke causes substantial white matter injury, which is further aggravated by neuroinflammation mediated by microglia/astrocytes. Given the anti-neuroinflammatory action of telmisartan and the enhancing blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability potential of resuscitation-inducing aromatic herbs, 13 hybrids (3a-m) of telmisartan (or its simplified analogues) with resuscitation-inducing aromatic agents were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Among them, the optimal compound 3a (the ester hybrid of telmisartan and (+)-borneol) potently inhibited neuroinflammation mediated by microglia/astrocytes and ameliorated ischemic stroke. Particularly, 3a significantly conferred protection for white matter integrity after cerebral ischemic stroke via decreasing abnormally dephosphorylated neurofilament protein, upregulating myelin basic protein, and attenuating oligodendrocyte damage. Further RNA-sequencing data revealed that 3a upregulated expression of transcriptional regulator ATF3 to reduce the expression of CH25H, prevented proinflammatory state of lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia/astrocytes to limit excessive inflammation, and eventually protected neighboring oligodendrocytes to prevent white matter injury. Taken with the desirable pharmacokinetics behavior and improved brain distribution, 3a may be a feasible therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders with white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Duorui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Sunshine MD, Bindi VE, Nguyen BL, Doerr V, Boeno FP, Chandran V, Smuder AJ, Fuller DD. Oxygen therapy attenuates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:303. [PMID: 38110993 PMCID: PMC10729514 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hyperbaric O2 (HBO) therapy after spinal cord injury (SCI) can reduce inflammation and increase neuronal survival. To our knowledge, it is unknown if these benefits of HBO require hyperbaric vs. normobaric hyperoxia. We used a C4 lateralized contusion SCI in adult male and female rats to test the hypothesis that the combination of hyperbaria and 100% O2 (i.e. HBO) more effectively mitigates spinal inflammation and neuronal loss, and enhances respiratory recovery, as compared to normobaric 100% O2. Experimental groups included spinal intact, SCI no O2 therapy, and SCI + 100% O2 delivered at normobaric pressure (1 atmosphere, ATA), or at 2- or 3 ATA. O2 treatments lasted 1-h, commenced within 2-h of SCI, and were repeated for 10 days. The spinal inflammatory response was assessed with transcriptomics (RNAseq) and immunohistochemistry. Gene co-expression network analysis showed that the strong inflammatory response to SCI was dramatically diminished by both hyper- and normobaric O2 therapy. Similarly, both HBO and normobaric O2 treatments reduced the prevalence of immunohistological markers for astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and microglia (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule) in the injured spinal cord. However, HBO treatment also had unique impacts not detected in the normobaric group including upregulation of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-4) in the plasma, and larger inspiratory tidal volumes at 10-days (whole body-plethysmography measurements). We conclude that normobaric O2 treatment can reduce the spinal inflammatory response after SCI, but pressured O2 (i.e., HBO) provides further benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Sunshine
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Victoria E Bindi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Branden L Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vivian Doerr
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Franccesco P Boeno
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ashley J Smuder
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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10
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Saksena J, Hamilton AE, Gilbert RJ, Zuidema JM. Nanomaterial payload delivery to central nervous system glia for neural protection and repair. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1266019. [PMID: 37941607 PMCID: PMC10628439 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1266019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) glia, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, play prominent roles in traumatic injury and degenerative disorders. Due to their importance, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are being developed to modulate CNS glia in order to improve outcomes in traumatic injury and disease. While many of these APIs show promise in vitro, the majority of APIs that are systemically delivered show little penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and into the CNS, rendering them ineffective. Novel nanomaterials are being developed to deliver APIs into the CNS to modulate glial responses and improve outcomes in injury and disease. Nanomaterials are attractive options as therapies for central nervous system protection and repair in degenerative disorders and traumatic injury due to their intrinsic capabilities in API delivery. Nanomaterials can improve API accumulation in the CNS by increasing permeation through the BBB of systemically delivered APIs, extending the timeline of API release, and interacting biophysically with CNS cell populations due to their mechanical properties and nanoscale architectures. In this review, we present the recent advances in the fields of both locally implanted nanomaterials and systemically administered nanoparticles developed for the delivery of APIs to the CNS that modulate glial activity as a strategy to improve outcomes in traumatic injury and disease. We identify current research gaps and discuss potential developments in the field that will continue to translate the use of glia-targeting nanomaterials to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Saksena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Adelle E. Hamilton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Ryan J. Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Albany Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Zuidema
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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11
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Meng S, Cao H, Huang Y, Shi Z, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Shi H, Gao Y. ASK1-K716R reduces neuroinflammation and white matter injury via preserving blood-brain barrier integrity after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:244. [PMID: 37875988 PMCID: PMC10594934 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant worldwide public health concern that necessitates attention. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a key player in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, has garnered interest for its potential neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke and epilepsy when deleted. Nonetheless, the specific impact of ASK1 on TBI and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Notably, mutation of ATP-binding sites, such as lysine residues, can lead to catalytic inactivation of ASK1. To address these knowledge gaps, we generated transgenic mice harboring a site-specific mutant ASK1 Map3k5-e (K716R), enabling us to assess its effects and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms following TBI. METHODS We employed the CRIPR/Cas9 system to generate a transgenic mouse model carrying the ASK1-K716R mutation, aming to investigate the functional implications of this specific mutant. The controlled cortical impact method was utilized to induce TBI. Expression and distribution of ASK1 were detected through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The ASK1 kinase activity after TBI was detected by a specific ASK1 kinase activity kit. Cerebral microvessels were isolated by gradient centrifugation using dextran. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. BBB ultrastructure was visualized using transmission electron microscopy, while the expression levels of endothelial tight junction proteins and ASK1 signaling pathway proteins was detected by Western blotting. To investigate TBI-induced neuroinflammation, we conducted immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry analyses. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining and electrophysiological compound action potentials were conducted to evaluate gray and white matter injury. Finally, sensorimotor function and cognitive function were assessed by a battery of behavioral tests. RESULTS The activity of ASK1-K716R was significantly decreased following TBI. Western blotting confirmed that ASK1-K716R effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of ASK1, JNKs, and p38 in response to TBI. Additionally, ASK1-K716R demonstrated a protective function in maintaining BBB integrity by suppressing ASK1/JNKs activity in endothelial cells, thereby reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins following TBI. Besides, ASK1-K716R effectively suppressed the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma, decreased the number of proinflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, increased the number of anti-inflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, and downregulated expression of several proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, ASK1-K716R attenuated white matter injury and improved the nerve conduction function of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers after TBI. Finally, our findings demonstrated that ASK1-K716R exhibited favorable long-term functional and histological outcomes in the aftermath of TBI. CONCLUSION ASK1-K716R preserves BBB integrity by inhibiting ASK1/JNKs pathway in endothelial cells, consequently reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins. Additionally, it alleviates early neuroinflammation by inhibiting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma and modulating the polarization of microglia/macrophages. These beneficial effects of ASK1-K716R subsequently result in a reduction in white matter injury and promote the long-term recovery of neurological function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Radpour M, Khoshkroodian B, Asgari T, Pourbadie HG, Sayyah M. Interleukin 4 Reduces Brain Hyperexcitability after Traumatic Injury by Downregulating TNF-α, Upregulating IL-10/TGF-β, and Potential Directing Macrophage/Microglia to the M2 Anti-inflammatory Phenotype. Inflammation 2023; 46:1810-1831. [PMID: 37259014 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage/microglia are activated after Traumatic brain injury (TBI), transform to inflammatory phenotype (M1) and trigger neuroinflammation, which provokes epileptogenesis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a well-known drive of macrophage/microglia to the anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2). We tested effect of IL-4 on speed of epileptogenesis, brain expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and lesion size in TBI-injured male rats. Rats underwent TBI by Controlled Cortical Impact. Then 100 ng IL-4 was injected into cerebral ventricles. One day after TBI, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling started and development of generalized seizures was recorded. The lesion size, cell survival rate, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, and Arginase1 (Arg1) was measured in the brain 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 5 days after TBI. Astrocytes and macrophage/microglia activation/polarization was assessed by GFAP/Arg1 and Iba1/Arg1 immunostaining. TBI-injured rats were kindled by 50% less PTZ injections than control and sham-operated rats. IL-4 did not change kindling rate in sham-operated rats but inhibited acceleration of kindling rate in the TBI-injured rats. IL-4 decreased damage volume and number of destroyed neurons. IL-4 stopped TNF-α whereas upregulated TGF-β, IL-10, and Arg1 expressions. Iba1/Arg1 positive macrophage/microglia was notably increased 48 h after IL-4 administration. IL-4 suppresses TBI-induced acceleration of epileptogenesis in rats by directing TBI neuroinflammation toward an anti-inflammatory tone and inhibition of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Radpour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Khoshkroodian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Asgari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Walter J, Mende J, Hutagalung S, Alhalabi OT, Grutza M, Zheng G, Skutella T, Unterberg A, Zweckberger K, Younsi A. The Single-Dose Application of Interleukin-4 Ameliorates Secondary Brain Damage in the Early Phase after Moderate Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12756. [PMID: 37628939 PMCID: PMC10454634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the interleukin-4 (IL-4) pathway ameliorates secondary injury mechanisms after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI); therefore, we assessed the effect of a therapeutic IL-4 administration on secondary brain damage after experimental TBI. We subjected 100 C57/Bl6 wildtype mice to controlled cortical impact (CCI) and administered IL-4 or a placebo control subcutaneously 15 min thereafter. Contusion volume (Nissl staining), neurological function (hole board, video open field, and CatWalkXT®), and the immune response (immunofluorescent staining) were analyzed up to 28 days post injury (dpi). Contusion volumes were significantly reduced after IL-4 treatment up to 14 dpi (e.g., 6.47 ± 0.41 mm3 vs. 3.80 ± 0.85 mm3, p = 0.011 3 dpi). Macrophage invasion and microglial response were significantly attenuated in the IL-4 group in the acute phase after CCI (e.g., 1.79 ± 0.15 Iba-1+/CD86+ cells/sROI vs. 1.06 ± 0.21 Iba-1/CD86+ cells/sROI, p = 0.030 in the penumbra 3 dpi), whereas we observed an increased neuroinflammation thereafter (e.g., mean GFAP intensity of 3296.04 ± 354.21 U vs. 6408.65 ± 999.54 U, p = 0.026 in the ipsilateral hippocampus 7 dpi). In terms of functional outcome, several gait parameters were improved in the acute phase following IL-4 treatment (e.g., a difference in max intensity of -7.58 ± 2.00 U vs. -2.71 ± 2.44 U, p = 0.041 3 dpi). In conclusion, the early single-dose administration of IL-4 significantly reduces secondary brain damage in the acute phase after experimental TBI in mice, which seems to be mediated by attenuation of macrophage and microglial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Walter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jannis Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Samuel Hutagalung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Obada T. Alhalabi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Martin Grutza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Guoli Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Klaus Zweckberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
| | - Alexander Younsi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (O.T.A.); (M.G.); (G.Z.); (A.U.); (K.Z.)
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14
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Heyburn L, Batuure A, Wilder D, Long J, Sajja VS. Neuroinflammation Profiling of Brain Cytokines Following Repeated Blast Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12564. [PMID: 37628746 PMCID: PMC10454588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to use of explosive devices and heavy weapons systems in modern conflicts, the effect of BW on the brain and body is of increasing concern. These exposures have been commonly linked with neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders in veteran populations. A likely neurobiological link between exposure to blasts and the development of neurobehavioral disorders, such as depression and PTSD, could be neuroinflammation triggered by the blast wave. In this study, we exposed rats to single or repeated BW (up to four exposures-one per day) at varied intensities (13, 16, and 19 psi) to mimic the types of blast exposures that service members may experience in training and combat. We then measured a panel of neuroinflammatory markers in the brain tissue with a multiplex cytokine/chemokine assay to understand the pathophysiological process(es) associated with single and repeated blast exposures. We found that single and repeated blast exposures promoted neuroinflammatory changes in the brain that are similar to those characterized in several neurological disorders; these effects were most robust after 13 and 16 psi single and repeated blast exposures, and they exceeded those recorded after 19 psi repeated blast exposures. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 were changed by 13 and 16 psi single and repeated blast exposures. In conclusion, based upon the growing prominence of negative psychological health outcomes in veterans and soldiers with a history of blast exposures, identifying the molecular etiology of these disorders, such as blast-induced neuroinflammation, is necessary for rationally establishing countermeasures and treatment regimens.
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15
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Zhao Q, Li H, Li H, Xie F, Zhang J. Research progress of neuroinflammation-related cells in traumatic brain injury: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34009. [PMID: 37352020 PMCID: PMC10289497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to chronic neurodegenerative diseases and is one of the causes of acute secondary injury after TBI. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the role of cellular mechanisms in the neuroinflammatory response after TBI. The objective of this article is to understand the involvement of cells during the TBI inflammatory response (for instance, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) and shed light on the recent progress in the stimulation and interaction of granulocytes and lymphocytes, to provide a novel approach for clinical research. We searched articles in PubMed published between 1950 and 2023, using the following keywords: TBI, neuroinflammation, inflammatory cells, neuroprotection, clinical. Articles for inclusion in this paper were finalized based on their novelty, representativeness, and relevance to the main arguments of this review. We found that the neuroinflammatory response after TBI includes the activation of glial cells, the release of inflammatory mediators in the brain, and the recruitment of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory responses not only induce secondary brain damage, but also have a role in repairing the nervous system to some extent. However, not all of the mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions have been well studied. After TBI, clinical treatment cannot simply suppress the inflammatory response, and the inflammatory phenotype of patients' needs to be defined according to their specific conditions after injury. Clinical trials of personalized inflammation regulation therapy for specific patients should be carried out in order to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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16
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Feng Z, Gao Z, Kong R, Zhuang T, Liu J, Liu T, Zheng X, Bai Y, Yao R. Alpha-asaronol promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and improved myelination as an activator PPARγ. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114815. [PMID: 37146420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm white matter injury (PWMI), characterized by oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation disorder and dysmyelination, is a prevalent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in premature infants, necessitating the development of mitigating strategies. Convincing evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation is a stimulative factor against the hindered process of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation. However, much remains unknown about its promotive mechanism. Our previous study indicated that alpha-asaronol (α-asaronol) could alleviate myelination disorder in a neonatal PWMI rat model, but the mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that α-asaronol attenuated cognitive deficits, repaired myelin damage, and stimulated OL differentiation in the corpus callosum of PWMI rats. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that α-asaronol induced the binding of PPARγ with its coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which in turn activated oligodendroglial PPARγ. This activation subsequently upregulated the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and pro-differentiation-associated genes of Cnp1 and Klk6 and downregulated the expression of Clk1. However, the benefits of α-asaronol were blocked by GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ. Moreover, α-asaronol also promoted OPC differentiation under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions. In conclusion, α-asaronol can promote OL differentiation and myelination and alleviate cognitive deficits in neonatal PWMI rats by activating PPARγ and modulating OL differentiation-associated gene expression. This study suggests that α-asaronol may be a potential therapeutic drug for myelination failure in PWMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zixuan Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Renyu Kong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Nursing Department, Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Branch of Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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Pu H, Wang Y, Yang T, Leak RK, Stetler RA, Yu F, Zhang W, Shi Y, Hu X, Yin KJ, Hitchens TK, Dixon CE, Bennett MVL, Chen J. Interleukin-4 mitigates anxiety-like behavior and loss of neurons and fiber tracts in limbic structures in a microglial PPARγ-dependent manner after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106078. [PMID: 36914076 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly followed by intractable psychiatric disorders and long-term changes in affect, such as anxiety. The present study sought to investigate the effect of repetitive intranasal delivery of interleukin-4 (IL-4) nanoparticles on affective symptoms after TBI in mice. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice (10-12 weeks of age) were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) and assessed by a battery of neurobehavioral tests up to 35 days after CCI. Neuron numbers were counted in multiple limbic structures, and the integrity of limbic white matter tracts was evaluated using ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). As STAT6 is a critical mediator of IL-4-specific transcriptional activation, STAT6 knockout mice were used to explore the role of endogenous IL-4/STAT6 signaling axis in TBI-induced affective disorders. We also employed microglia/macrophage (Mi/Mϕ)-specific PPARγ conditional knockout (mKO) mice to test if Mi/Mϕ PPARγ critically contributes to IL-4-afforded beneficial effects. We observed anxiety-like behaviors up to 35 days after CCI, and these measures were exacerbated in STAT6 KO mice but mitigated by repetitive IL-4 delivery. We discovered that IL-4 protected against neuronal loss in limbic structures, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala, and improved the structural integrity of fiber tracts connecting the hippocampus and amygdala. We also observed that IL-4 boosted a beneficial Mi/Mϕ phenotype (CD206+/Arginase 1+/PPARγ+ triple-positive) in the subacute injury phase, and that the numbers of Mi/Mϕ appositions with neurons were robustly correlated with long-term behavioral performances. Remarkably, PPARγ-mKO completely abolished IL-4-afforded protection. Thus, CCI induces long-term anxiety-like behaviors in mice, but these changes in affect can be attenuated by transnasal IL-4 delivery. IL-4 prevents the long-term loss of neuronal somata and fiber tracts in key limbic structures, perhaps due to a shift in Mi/Mϕ phenotype. Exogenous IL-4 therefore holds promise for future clinical management of mood disturbances following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Pu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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18
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Fang J, Song F, Chang C, Yao M. Intracerebral Hemorrhage Models and Behavioral Tests in Rodents. Neuroscience 2023; 513:1-13. [PMID: 36690062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the common types of stroke, which can cause neurological dysfunction. In preclinical ICH studies, researchers often established rodent models by donor/autologous whole blood or a collagenase injection. White matter injury (WMI) can result from primary and secondary injuries after ICH. WMI can lead to short- and long-term neurological impairment, and functional recovery can assess the effect of drug therapy after ICH. Therefore, researchers have devised various behavioral tests to assess dysfunction. This review compares the two ICH modeling methods in rodents and summarizes the pathological mechanisms underlying dysfunction after ICH. We also summarize the functions and characteristics of various behavioral methods, including sensation, motion, emotion, and cognition, to assist researchers in selecting the appropriate tests for preclinical ICH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fanglai Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Min Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen SMQ Group Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Measurement and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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19
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Hou H, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang Y. Exosomal miR-128-3p reversed fibrinogen-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination after cerebral ischemia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1405-1422. [PMID: 36756722 PMCID: PMC10068474 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of exosomal miR-128-3p in promoting fibrinogen-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and the therapeutic potential of exosomal miR-128-3p in cerebral ischemia. METHODS Mouse models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were established as described previously. MCAO was treated with fibrinogen and exosomes by stereotactically injecting into the left stratum. Mouse cortical OPCs were used for mRNA and miRNA sequencing analysis. Exosomes were isolated from neural stem cells (NSCs) of mice. RESULTS Fibrinogen deposition suppressed remyelination after MCAO and inhibited OPC differentiation by activating ACVR1, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling type I receptor. In vitro, miR-sequencing and verification studies revealed that miR-128-3p is associated with BMP signaling mediated by ACVR1. Additionally, transfer of NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p to OPCs significantly increased myelin basic protein expression and inhibited BMP signaling. Furthermore, NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p protected against fibrinogen-induced demyelination related to BMP signaling, reduced the infarct volume, and improved neurological function after MCAO. CONCLUSIONS Fibrinogen deposition inhibits remyelination after ischemic damage and NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p promotes OPC differentiation into OLs by suppressing BMP signaling, indicating that NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p represents a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Gärtner Y, Bitar L, Zipp F, Vogelaar CF. Interleukin-4 as a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108348. [PMID: 36657567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine mainly known for its role in type 2 immunity. Therapies antagonizing or blocking IL-4 activity have been developed to counteract diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. In contrast, other disorders experimentally benefit from IL-4-related effects and IL-4 recently demonstrated beneficial activity in experimental stroke, spinal cord injury and the animal model of multiple sclerosis. To exploit IL-4-related activity for therapeutic concepts, current experimental efforts include modifying the pathway without inducing type 2 immune response and targeting of the cytokine to specific tissues. Here, we review different activities of IL-4 as well as therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gärtner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lynn Bitar
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Francisca Vogelaar
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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21
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Mohammed FS, Omay SB, Sheth KN, Zhou J. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:55-73. [PMID: 36420918 PMCID: PMC9983310 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) impact the breadth of society and remain without any approved pharmacological treatments. Despite successful Phase II clinical trials, the failure of many Phase III clinical trials may be explained by insufficient drug targeting and retention, preventing the proper attainment of an observable dosage threshold. To address this challenge, nanoparticles can be functionalized to protect pharmacological payloads, improve targeted drug delivery to sites of injury, and can be combined with supportive scaffolding to improve secondary outcomes. AREAS COVERED This review briefly covers the pathophysiology of TBIs and their subtypes, the current pre-clinical and clinical management strategies, explores the common models of focal, diffuse, and mixed traumatic brain injury employed in experimental animals, and surveys the existing literature on nanoparticles developed to treat TBIs. EXPERT OPINION Nanoparticles are well suited to improve secondary outcomes as their multifunctionality and customizability enhance their potential for efficient targeted delivery, payload protection, increased brain penetration, low off-target toxicity, and biocompatibility in both acute and chronic timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah S. Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sacit Bulent Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Lan J, Zhao D, Ruan C, Zhou J, Tan H, Bao Y. Netrin-1 upregulates GPX4 and prevents ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury via the UNC5B/Nrf2 signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:216-227. [PMID: 36468399 PMCID: PMC9804081 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Netrin-1 (NTN1) in ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. METHODS We assessed the expression pattern of NTN1 by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence after establishing the TBI model in mice. After treatment with NTN1 shRNA or recombinant NTN1, we determined the biochemical and morphological changes associated with ferroptosis and netrin-1-related pathways. We used Nissl staining to assess lesion volume and Morris water maze and beam-walking test to evaluate ethological manifestation. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of NTN1 were upregulated after TBI. The application of NTN1 shRNA increased the number of FJB positive cells, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) levels. However, the application of NTN1 recombinant had the opposite effect. Furthermore, knockdown or inhibition of GPX4, Nrf2, and UNC5B counteracted the effects of NTN1 recombinant. Intravenous injection of NTN1 recombinant reduced neuronal loss after CCI and improved motor and cognitive function. CONCLUSION NTN1 had a neuroprotective effect after TBI and inhibited ferroptosis via activating the UNC5B/Nrf2 pathway. These findings may provide potential therapeutic strategies for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cijie Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haoyuan Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yinghui Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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23
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Zhou C, Sun P, Hamblin MH, Yin KJ. Genetic deletion of Krüppel-like factor 11 aggravates traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:281. [PMID: 36403074 PMCID: PMC9675068 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term functional recovery of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is hampered by pathological events, such as parenchymal neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and white matter injury. Krüppel-like transcription factor 11 (KLF 11) belongs to the zinc finger family of transcription factors and actively participates in various pathophysiological processes in neurological disorders. Up to now, the role and molecular mechanisms of KLF11 in regulating the pathogenesis of brain trauma is poorly understood. Methods KLF11 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to experimental TBI, and sensorimotor and cognitive functions were evaluated by rotarod, adhesive tape removal, foot fault, water maze, and passive avoidance tests. Brain tissue loss/neuronal death was examined by MAP2 and NeuN immunostaining, and Cresyl violet staining. White matter injury was assessed by Luxol fast blue staining, and also MBP/SMI32 and Caspr/Nav1.6 immunostaining. Activation of cerebral glial cells and infiltration of blood-borne immune cells were detected by GFAP, Iba-1/CD16/32, Iba-1/CD206, Ly-6B, and F4/80 immunostaining. Brian parenchymal inflammatory cytokines were measured with inflammatory array kits. Results Genetic deletion of KLF11 worsened brain trauma-induced sensorimotor and cognitive deficits, brain tissue loss and neuronal death, and white matter injury in mice. KLF11 genetic deficiency in mice also accelerated post-trauma astrocytic activation, promoted microglial polarization to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and increased the infiltration of peripheral neutrophils and macrophages into the brain parenchyma. Mechanistically, loss-of-KLF11 function was found to directly increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brains of TBI mice. Conclusion KLF11 acts as a novel protective factor in TBI. KLF11 genetic deficiency in mice aggravated the neuroinflammatory responses, grey and white matter injury, and impaired long-term sensorimotor and cognitive recovery. Elucidating the functional importance of KLF11 in TBI may lead us to discover novel pharmacological targets for the development of effective therapies against brain trauma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02638-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Ping Sun
- grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Milton H. Hamblin
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,grid.268355.f0000 0000 9679 3586College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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24
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Zhou Z, Huang C, Fu P, Huang H, Zhang Q, Wu X, Yu Q, Sun Y. Prediction of in-hospital hypokalemia using machine learning and first hospitalization day records in patients with traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:181-191. [PMID: 36258296 PMCID: PMC9804086 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypokalemia is a common complication following traumatic brain injury, which may complicate treatment and lead to unfavorable outcomes. Identifying patients at risk of hypokalemia on the first day of admission helps to implement prophylactic treatment, reduce complications, and improve prognosis. METHODS This multicenter retrospective study was performed between January 2017 and December 2020 using the electronic medical records of patients admitted due to traumatic brain injury. A propensity score matching approach was adopted with a ratio of 1:1 to overcome overfitting and data imbalance during subgroup analyses. Five machine learning algorithms were applied to generate a best-performed prediction model for in-hospital hypokalemia. The internal fivefold cross-validation and external validation were performed to demonstrate the interpretability and generalizability. RESULTS A total of 4445 TBI patients were recruited for analysis and model generation. Hypokalemia occurred in 46.55% of recruited patients and the incidences of mild, moderate, and severe hypokalemia were 32.06%, 12.69%, and 1.80%, respectively. Hypokalemia was associated with increased mortality, while severe hypokalemia cast greater impacts. The logistic regression algorithm had the best performance in predicting decreased serum potassium and moderate-to-severe hypokalemia, with an AUC of 0.73 ± 0.011 and 0.74 ± 0.019, respectively. The prediction model was further verified using two external datasets, including our previous published data and the open-assessed Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database. Linearized calibration curves showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) with perfect predictions. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of hypokalemia following traumatic brain injury can be predicted by first hospitalization day records and machine learning algorithms. The logistic regression algorithm showed an optimal predicting performance verified by both internal and external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chiungwei Huang
- Health Consultation and Physical Examination Center, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pengfei Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Huang
- Information Center, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- Information Center, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuehai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yirui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
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25
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Zhao Y, Ma C, Chen C, Li S, Wang Y, Yang T, Stetler RA, Bennett MVL, Dixon CE, Chen J, Shi Y. STAT1 Contributes to Microglial/Macrophage Inflammation and Neurological Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7466-7481. [PMID: 35985835 PMCID: PMC9525171 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0682-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a plethora of inflammatory events in the brain that aggravate secondary injury and impede tissue repair. Resident microglia (Mi) and blood-borne infiltrating macrophages (MΦ) are major players of inflammatory responses in the post-TBI brain and possess high functional heterogeneity. However, the plasticity of these cells has yet to be exploited to develop therapies that can mitigate brain inflammation and improve the outcome after TBI. This study investigated the transcription factor STAT1 as a key determinant of proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses and aimed to develop STAT1 as a novel therapeutic target for TBI using a controlled cortical impact model of TBI on adult male mice. TBI induced robust upregulation of STAT1 in the brain at the subacute injury stage, which occurred primarily in Mi/MΦ. Intraperitoneal administration of fludarabine, a selective STAT1 inhibitor, markedly alleviated proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses and brain inflammation burden after TBI. Such phenotype-modulating effects of fludarabine on post-TBI Mi/MΦ were reproduced by tamoxifen-induced, selective KO of STAT1 in Mi/MΦ (STAT1 mKO). By propelling Mi/MΦ away from a detrimental proinflammatory phenotype, STAT1 mKO was sufficient to reduce long-term neurologic deficits and brain lesion size after TBI. Importantly, short-term fludarabine treatment after TBI elicited long-lasting improvement of TBI outcomes, but this effect was lost on STAT1 mKO mice. Together, our study provided the first line of evidence that STAT1 causatively determines the proinflammatory phenotype of brain Mi/MΦ after TBI. We also showed promising preclinical data supporting the use of fludarabine as a novel immunomodulating therapy to TBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The functional phenotype of microglia and macrophages (Mi/MΦ) critically influences brain inflammation and the outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no therapies have been developed to modulate Mi/MΦ functions to treat TBI. Here we report, for the first time, that the transcription factor STAT1 is a key mediator of proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses in the post-TBI brain, the specific deletion of which ameliorates neuroinflammation and improves long-term functional recovery after TBI. We also show excellent efficacy of a selective STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine against TBI-induced functional deficits and brain injury using a mouse model, presenting STAT1 as a promising therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zhao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Cheng Ma
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Caixia Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Sicheng Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Yejie Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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26
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Zhao Y, Mu H, Huang Y, Li S, Wang Y, Stetler RA, Bennett MVL, Dixon CE, Chen J, Shi Y. Microglia-specific deletion of histone deacetylase 3 promotes inflammation resolution, white matter integrity, and functional recovery in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:201. [PMID: 35933343 PMCID: PMC9357327 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are believed to exacerbate traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on studies using pan-HDAC inhibitors. However, the HDAC isoform responsible for the detrimental effects and the cell types involved remain unknown, which may hinder the development of specific targeting strategies that boost therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Microglia are important mediators of post-TBI neuroinflammation and critically impact TBI outcome. HDAC3 was reported to be essential to the inflammatory program of in vitro cultured macrophages, but its role in microglia and in the post-TBI brain has not been investigated in vivo. METHODS We generated HDAC3LoxP mice and crossed them with CX3CR1CreER mice, enabling in vivo conditional deletion of HDAC3. Microglia-specific HDAC3 knockout (HDAC3 miKO) was induced in CX3CR1CreER:HDAC3LoxP mice with 5 days of tamoxifen treatment followed by a 30-day development interval. The effects of HDAC3 miKO on microglial phenotype and neuroinflammation were examined 3-5 days after TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Neurological deficits and the integrity of white matter were assessed for 6 weeks after TBI by neurobehavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and electrophysiology. RESULTS HDAC3 miKO mice harbored specific deletion of HDAC3 in microglia but not in peripheral monocytes. HDAC3 miKO reduced the number of microglia by 26%, but did not alter the inflammation level in the homeostatic brain. After TBI, proinflammatory microglial responses and brain inflammation were markedly alleviated by HDAC3 miKO, whereas the infiltration of blood immune cells was unchanged, suggesting a primary effect of HDAC3 miKO on modulating microglial phenotype. Importantly, HDAC3 miKO was sufficient to facilitate functional recovery for 6 weeks after TBI. TBI-induced injury to axons and myelin was ameliorated, and signal conduction by white matter fiber tracts was significantly enhanced in HDAC3 miKO mice. CONCLUSION Using a novel microglia-specific conditional knockout mouse model, we delineated for the first time the role of microglial HDAC3 after TBI in vivo. HDAC3 miKO not only reduced proinflammatory microglial responses, but also elicited long-lasting improvement of white matter integrity and functional recovery after TBI. Microglial HDAC3 is therefore a promising therapeutic target to improve long-term outcomes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zhao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yichen Huang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sicheng Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Yejie Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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27
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Doğanyiğit Z, Erbakan K, Akyuz E, Polat AK, Arulsamy A, Shaikh MF. The Role of Neuroinflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1835-1848. [PMID: 35732021 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating acquired neurological disorder that afflicts nearly 74 million people worldwide annually. TBI has been classified as more than just a single insult because of its associated risk toward various long-term neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. This risk may be triggered by a series of postinjury secondary molecular and cellular pathology, which may be dependent on the severity of the TBI. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, neuroinflammation may be the most crucial as it may exacerbate brain damage and lead to fatal consequences when prolonged. This Review aimed to elucidate the influence of neuroinflammatory mediators on the TBI functional and pathological outcomes, particularly focusing on inflammatory cytokines which were associated with neuronal dysfunctions in the acute and chronic stages of TBI. These cytokines include interleukins (IL) such as IL-1(beta)β, IL-4, IL-6, IL8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-33 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which have been extensively studied. Apart from these, IL-2, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) may also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of TBI. These neuroinflammatory mediators may trigger a series of pathological events such as cell death, microglial suppression, and increased catecholaminergic activity. Interestingly, in the acute phase of TBI, most of these mediators may also play a neuroprotective role by displaying anti-inflammatory properties, which may convert to a pro-inflammatory action in the chronic stages post TBI. Early identification and treatment of these mediators may help the development of more effective treatment options for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Züleyha Doğanyiğit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Kaan Erbakan
- Ordu University, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu 52200, Turkey
| | - Enes Akyuz
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye International Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | | | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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Yu F, Wang Y, Stetler AR, Leak RK, Hu X, Chen J. Phagocytic microglia and macrophages in brain injury and repair. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1279-1293. [PMID: 35751629 PMCID: PMC9344092 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Phagocytosis is the cellular digestion of extracellular particles, such as pathogens and dying cells, and is a key element in the evolution of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Microglia and macrophages are the professional phagocytes of the CNS. By clearing toxic cellular debris and reshaping the extracellular matrix, microglia/macrophages help pilot the brain repair and functional recovery process. However, CNS resident and invading immune cells can also magnify tissue damage by igniting runaway inflammation and phagocytosing stressed-but viable-neurons. DISCUSSION Microglia/macrophages help mediate intercellular communication and react quickly to the "find-me" signals expressed by dead/dying neurons. The activated microglia/macrophages then migrate to the injury site to initiate the phagocytic process upon encountering "eat-me" signals on the surfaces of endangered cells. Thus, healthy cells attempt to avoid inappropriate engulfment by expressing "do not-eat-me" signals. Microglia/macrophages also have the capacity to phagocytose immune cells that invade the injured brain (e.g., neutrophils) and to regulate their pro-inflammatory properties. During brain recovery, microglia/macrophages engulf myelin debris, initiate synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, and sculpt a favorable extracellular matrix to support network rewiring, among other favorable roles. Here, we review the multilayered nature of phagocytotic microglia/macrophages, including the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern microglia/macrophage-induced phagocytosis in acute brain injury, and discuss strategies that tap into the therapeutic potential of this engulfment process. CONCLUSION Identification of biological targets that can temper neuroinflammation after brain injury without hindering the essential phagocytic functions of microglia/macrophages will expedite better medical management of the stroke recovery stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne R Stetler
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Zhou C, Sun P, Xu Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Hamblin MH, Foley L, Hitchens TK, Li S, Yin K. Genetic Deficiency of MicroRNA-15a/16-1 Confers Resistance to Neuropathological Damage and Cognitive Dysfunction in Experimental Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104986. [PMID: 35403823 PMCID: PMC9189640 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-derived brain damage contributes to the progression of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Cumulative evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRs) are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS disorders. In this study, it is sought to determine the regulatory role of miR-15a/16-1 in VCID. It is found that miR-15a/16-1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit less cognitive and sensorimotor deficits following VCID. Genetic deficiency of miR-15a/16-1 in VCID mice also mitigate myelin degeneration, axonal injury, and neuronal loss. Mechanistically, miR-15a/16-1 binds to the 3'-UTR of AKT3 and IL-10RA. Genetic deletion of miR-15a/16-1 increases AKT3 and IL-10RA expression in VCID brains, and intranasal delivery of AKT3 and IL-10RA siRNA-loaded nanoparticles partially reduce brain protection and cognitive recovery in miR-15a/16-1 KO mice after VCID. In conclusion, the miR-15a/16-1-IL/10RA/AKT3 axis plays a critical role in regulating vascular brain damage and cognitive decline after VCID. Targeting miR-15a/16-1 is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Ping Sun
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Yuang Chen
- Center for PharmacogeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyPittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Yixian Huang
- Center for PharmacogeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyPittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Milton H. Hamblin
- Tulane University Health Sciences CenterTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Lesley Foley
- Animal Imaging CenterDepartment of NeurobiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15203USA
| | - T. Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging CenterDepartment of NeurobiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15203USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for PharmacogeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyPittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Ke‐Jie Yin
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA15240USA
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30
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Chen D, Li J, Huang Y, Wei P, Miao W, Yang Y, Gao Y. Interleukin 13 promotes long-term recovery after ischemic stroke by inhibiting the activation of STAT3. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:112. [PMID: 35578342 PMCID: PMC9109418 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia/macrophages are activated after cerebral ischemic stroke and can contribute to either brain injury or recovery by polarizing microglia/macrophage into distinctive functional phenotypes with pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that regulates microglia/macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, it is not clear whether IL-13 is beneficial after ischemic stroke long-term and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain unknown. Thus, we examined the effect of IL-13 on long-term recovery and microglia/macrophage polarization in mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model (tMCAO). METHODS tMCAO was induced in adult male C57BL/6J mice. IL-13 (60 μg/kg) was administered intranasally starting 2 h after stroke and continued for seven consecutive days. Sensorimotor function, spatial learning and memory function, as well as brain infarct volume were assessed up to 35 days after stroke. White matter integrity was evaluated by electrophysiology, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Microglia/macrophage activation was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in immune cells in the brain and the periphery, and expression of IL-13 receptors in different brain cells were detected by flow cytometry. Primary neuron/microglia co-cultures and a STAT3 inhibitor were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Post-treatment with IL-13 improved long-term neurofunctional recovery and decreased brain tissue atrophy after stroke. Intranasal delivery of IL-13 enhanced the structural and functional integrity of white matter after stroke. Furthermore, the neuroprotection afforded by IL-13 administration was not due to a direct effect on neurons, but by indirectly regulating the anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophages. IL-13 treatment also had no effect on peripheral immune cells. Mechanistically, IL-13 improved the long-term outcome after ischemic stroke by promoting the polarization of microglia/macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype at least partially by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS IL-13 promotes white matter repair and improves neurofunctional outcomes after ischemic stroke by modulating microglia/macrophages via inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaomei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Walter J, Kovalenko O, Younsi A, Grutza M, Unterberg AW, Zweckberger K. Interleukin-4 reduces lesion volume and improves neurological function in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1262-1272. [PMID: 35505616 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) on secondary brain damage in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we evaluated the effect of IL-4-Knockout on structural damage as well as functional impairment in the acute phase after experimental TBI in mice. 28 C57Bl/6 wildtype and 20 C57BL/6-Il4tm1Nnt/J Interleukin-4-Knockout (IL-4-KO) mice were subjected to Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI). Contusion volumes, body weight and functional outcome (Video Open Field Test (VOF), Hole Board Test (HB), CatWalkXT®) were determined on postoperative days one (D1), three (D3) and seven (D7). Contusion volume (13.45 +/- 0.88 mm³ vs. 9.50 +/- 0.97 mm³, p=0.015) and weight loss (-2.92 +/- 0.52% vs. -0.85 +/- 0.67%, p=0.027) were significantly higher and exploration behavior significantly more impaired (e.g., 150.44 +/- 18.71 fields explored vs. 211.56 +/- 18.90 fields explored, p=0.028 in the VOF; 23.31 +/- 2.03 holes explored vs. 35.65 +/- 1.93 holes explored, p<0.001 in the HB) in IL-4-KO mice on D1. Gait impairment was significantly more pronounced in IL-4-KO mice throughout the first week after CCI (e.g., 0.07 +/- 0.01s vs. 0.00 +/- 0.01s, p=0.047 for right hindpaw Swing on D1; -1.76 +/- 1.34 U vs. 2.53 +/- 0.90 U, p=0.01 for right forepaw Mean Intensity on D3; -0.01 +/- 0.01cm² vs. 0.05 +/- 0.01cm², p=0.015 for left forepaw Mean Area on D7). In conclusion, IL-4 reduces structural damage and improves functional outcome in the acute phase after CCI. Neurobehavioral outcome assessment in IL-4-related studies should focus on motor function on the first three days after trauma induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Walter
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Olga Kovalenko
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Alexander Younsi
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Grutza
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | | | - Klaus Zweckberger
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
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32
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Mazur RA, Yokosawa R, VandeVord PJ, Lampe KJ. The Need for Tissue Engineered Models to Facilitate the Study of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury and Repair. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Ai RS, Xing K, Deng X, Han JJ, Hao DX, Qi WH, Han B, Yang YN, Li X, Zhang Y. Baicalin Promotes CNS Remyelination via PPARγ Signal Pathway. NEUROLOGY - NEUROIMMUNOLOGY NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/2/e1142. [PMID: 35105686 PMCID: PMC8808354 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Demyelinating diseases in the CNS are characterized by myelin sheath destruction or formation disorder that leads to severe neurologic dysfunction. Remission of such diseases is largely dependent on the differentiation of oligodendrocytes precursor cells (OPCs) into mature myelin-forming OLGs at the demyelinated lesions, which is defined as remyelination. We discover that baicalin (BA), a natural flavonoid, in addition to its well-known antiinflammatory effects, directly stimulates OLG maturation and CNS myelin repair. Methods To investigate the function of BA on CNS remyelination, we develop the complementary in vivo and in vitro models, including physiologic neonatal mouse CNS myelinogenesis model, pathologic cuprizone-induced (CPZ-induced) toxic demyelination model, and postnatal OLG maturation assay. Furthermore, molecular docking, pharmacologic regulation, and transgenic heterozygous mice were used to clarify the target and action of the mechanism of BA on myelin repair promotion. Results Administration of BA was not only merely effectively enhanced CNS myelinogenesis during postnatal development but also promoted remyelination and reversed the coordination movement disorder in the CPZ-induced toxic demyelination model. Of note, myelin-promoting effects of BA on myelination or regeneration is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling-dependent. Discussion Our work demonstrated that BA promotes myelin production and regeneration by activating the PPARγ signal pathway and also confirmed that BA is an effective natural product for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Pu H, Ma C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Miao W, Yu F, Hu X, Shi Y, Leak RK, Hitchens TK, Dixon CE, Bennett MV, Chen J. Intranasal delivery of interleukin-4 attenuates chronic cognitive deficits via beneficial microglial responses in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2870-2886. [PMID: 34259069 PMCID: PMC8545055 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211028680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly followed by long-term cognitive deficits that severely impact the quality of life in survivors. Recent studies suggest that microglial/macrophage (Mi/MΦ) polarization could have multidimensional impacts on post-TBI neurological outcomes. Here, we report that repetitive intranasal delivery of interleukin-4 (IL-4) nanoparticles for 4 weeks after controlled cortical impact improved hippocampus-dependent spatial and non-spatial cognitive functions in adult C57BL6 mice, as assessed by a battery of neurobehavioral tests for up to 5 weeks after TBI. IL-4-elicited enhancement of cognitive functions was associated with improvements in the integrity of the hippocampus at the functional (e.g., long-term potentiation) and structural levels (CA3 neuronal loss, diffusion tensor imaging of white matter tracts, etc.). Mechanistically, IL-4 increased the expression of PPARγ and arginase-1 within Mi/MΦ, thereby driving microglia toward a global inflammation-resolving phenotype. Notably, IL-4 failed to shift microglial phenotype after TBI in Mi/MΦ-specific PPARγ knockout (mKO) mice, indicating an obligatory role for PPARγ in IL-4-induced Mi/MΦ polarization. Accordingly, post-TBI treatment with IL-4 failed to improve hippocampal integrity or cognitive functions in PPARγ mKO mice. These results demonstrate that administration of exogenous IL-4 nanoparticles stimulates PPARγ-dependent beneficial Mi/MΦ responses, and improves hippocampal function after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Pu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cheng Ma
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanying Miao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Vl Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2505-2525. [PMID: 34460037 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is considered as the critical pathogenic event in diverse central nervous system disorders including cerebral ischemia. Proinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been well reported in the ischemic brain and neuroinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been believed to be the potential therapeutic strategy. However, despite having proinflammatory roles, microglia can have significant anti-inflammatory roles and they are associated with the production of growth factors which are responsible for neuroprotection and recovery after ischemic injury. Microglia can directly promote neuroprotection by preventing ischemic infarct expansion and promoting functional outcomes. Indirectly, microglia are involved in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in the ischemic brain which are crucial pathophysiological events for ischemic recovery. In fact, anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors produced by microglia can promote neuroprotection and attenuate neurobehavioral deficits. In addition, microglia regulate phagocytosis, axonal regeneration, blood-brain barrier protection, white matter integrity, and synaptic remodeling, which are essential for ischemic recovery. Microglia can also regulate crosstalk with neurons and other cell types to promote neuroprotection and ischemic recovery. This review mainly focuses on the roles of microglia in neuroprotection and recovery following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review also sheds the light on the therapeutic potential of microglia in stroke patients.
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Ota S, Kotani T, Matsuda S, Nishioka D, Masuda Y, Unoda K, Hosokawa T, Ishida S, Takeuchi T. Initial serum GM-CSF levels are associated with the severity of cerebral small vessel disease in microscopic polyangiitis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 359:577671. [PMID: 34371207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Serum cytokine levels were comprehensively measured, and the association with cerebrovascular lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) patients was investigated. The initial serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels were significantly higher in the high-grade white matter hyperintensities (WMH) group than those in the low-grade WMH group. In multivariate analyses, high serum levels of GM-CSF were independently associated with high-grade WMH. The initial serum GM-CSF levels correlated positively with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score and semi-quantitative scales of WMH. The initial serum GM-CSF levels were associated with the severity of WMH in MPA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ota
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takuya Kotani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Shogo Matsuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishioka
- Department of Medical Statistics, Research & Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yuichi Masuda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kiichi Unoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College Mishima-Minami Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hosokawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shimon Ishida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tohru Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Diao S, Xiao M, Chen C. The role of hyaluronan in myelination and remyelination after white matter injury. Brain Res 2021; 1766:147522. [PMID: 34010609 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is one of the major components of the neural extracellular matrix (ECM) and provides structural support in physiological conditions. Altered hyaluronan regulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of white matter injury (WMI), such as perinatal WMI, multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury (TBI). Early research reported diverse central nervous system (CNS) insults led to accumulated high-molecular-weight (HMW) hyaluronan in hypomyelinating/demyelinating lesions. Furthermore, recent findings have shown an elevated production of hyaluronan fragments in WMI, possibly resulting from HMW hyaluronan degradation. Subsequent in vitro studies identified bioactive hyaluronan fragments with a specific molecular weight (around 2x105 Da) regulating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) maturation and myelination/remyelination in WMI. However, it is unclear about the effective hyaluronidases in generating bioactive hyaluronan fragments. Several hyaluronidases are proposed recently. Although PH20 is shown to block OPCs maturation by generating bioactive hyaluronan fragments in vitro, it seems unlikely to play a primary role in WMI with negligible expression levels in vivo. The role of other hyaluronidases on OPCs maturation and myelination/remyelination is still unknown. Other than hyaluronidases, CD44 and Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) are also implicated in HMW hyaluronan degradation in WMI. Moreover, recent studies elucidated bioactive hyaluronan fragments interact with TLR4, initiating signaling cascades to mediate myelin basic protein (MBP) transcription. Identifying key factors in hyaluronan actions may provide novel therapeutic targets to promote OPCs maturation and myelination/remyelination in WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Diao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Mili Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China.
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Guo YS, Yuan M, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Therapeutic Potential of Cytokines in Demyelinating Lesions After Stroke. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2035-2052. [PMID: 33970426 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
White matter damage is a component of most human stroke and usually accounts for at least half of the lesion volume. Subcortical white matter stroke (WMS) accounts for 25% of all strokes and causes severe motor and cognitive dysfunction. The adult brain has a very limited ability to repair white matter damage. Pathological analysis shows that demyelination or myelin loss is the main feature of white matter injury and plays an important role in long-term sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction. This suggests that demyelination is a major therapeutic target for ischemic stroke injury. An acute inflammatory reaction is triggered by brain ischemia, which is accompanied by cytokine production. The production of cytokines is an important factor affecting demyelination and myelin regeneration. Different cytokines have different effects on myelin damage and myelin regeneration. Exploring the role of cytokines in demyelination and remyelination after stroke and the underlying molecular mechanisms of demyelination and myelin regeneration after ischemic injury is very important for the development of rehabilitation treatment strategies. This review focuses on recent findings on the effects of cytokines on myelin damage and remyelination as well as the progress of research on the role of cytokines in ischemic stroke prognosis to provide a new treatment approach for amelioration of white matter damage after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sha Guo
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Han
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Venkat P, Ning R, Zacharek A, Culmone L, Liang L, Landschoot-Ward J, Chopp M. Treatment with an Angiopoietin-1 mimetic peptide promotes neurological recovery after stroke in diabetic rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:48-59. [PMID: 33346402 PMCID: PMC7804913 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Vasculotide (VT), an angiopoietin‐1 mimetic peptide, exerts neuroprotective effects in type one diabetic (T1DM) rats subjected to ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated whether delayed VT treatment improves long‐term neurological outcome after stroke in T1DM rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were induced with T1DM, subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of stroke, and treated with PBS (control), 2 µg/kg VT, 3 µg/kg VT, or 5.5 µg/kg VT. VT treatment was initiated at 24 h after stroke and administered daily (i.p) for 14 days. We evaluated neurological function, lesion volume, vascular and white matter remodeling, and inflammation in the ischemic brain. In vitro, we evaluated the effects of VT on endothelial cell capillary tube formation and inflammatory responses of primary cortical neurons (PCN) and macrophages. Results Treatment of T1DM‐stroke with 3 µg/kg VT but not 2 µg/kg or 5.5 µg/kg significantly improves neurological function and decreases infarct volume and cell death compared to control T1DM‐stroke rats. Thus, 3 µg/kg VT dose was employed in all subsequent in vivo analysis. VT treatment significantly increases axon and myelin density, decreases demyelination, decreases white matter injury, increases number of oligodendrocytes, and increases vascular density in the ischemic border zone of T1DM stroke rats. VT treatment significantly decreases MMP9 expression and decreases the number of M1 macrophages in the ischemic brain of T1DM‐stroke rats. In vitro, VT treatment significantly decreases endothelial cell death and decreases MCP‐1, endothelin‐1, and VEGF expression under high glucose (HG) and ischemic conditions and significantly increases capillary tube formation under HG conditions when compared to non‐treated control group. VT treatment significantly decreases inflammatory factor expression such as MMP9 and MCP‐1 in macrophages subjected to LPS activation and significantly decreases IL‐1β and MMP9 expression in PCN subjected to ischemia under HG conditions. Conclusion Delayed VT treatment (24 h after stroke) significantly improves neurological function, promotes vascular and white matter remodeling, and decreases inflammation in the ischemic brain after stroke in T1DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruizhuo Ning
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren Culmone
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Linlin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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