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Salami OM, Habimana O, Peng JF, Yi GH. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis-induced Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:163-180. [PMID: 35704247 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an increasingly worldwide problem; it is currently regarded as a complex life-threatening dysfunction of one or more organs as a result of dysregulated host immune response to infections. The heart is one of the most affected organs, as roughly 10% to 70% of sepsis cases are estimated to turn into sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). SIC can be defined as a reversible myocardial dysfunction characterized by dilated ventricles, impaired contractility, and decreased ejection fraction. Mitochondria play a critical role in the normal functioning of cardiac tissues as the heart is highly dependent on its production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), its damage during SIC includes morphology impairment, mitophagy, biogenesis disequilibrium, electron transport chain disturbance, molecular damage from the actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and many other different impairments that are major contributing factors to the severity of SIC. Although mitochondria-targeted therapies usage is still inadequate in clinical settings, the preclinical study outcomes promise that the implementation of these therapies may effectively treat SIC. This review summarizes the different therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria structure, quality, and quantity abnormalities for the treatment of SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olive Habimana
- International College, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Fu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Song Q, Ma H, Zhu L, Qi Z, Lan Z, Liu K, Zhang H, Wang K, Wang N. Upregulation of PTPN1 aggravates endotoxemia-induced cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting mitophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111315. [PMID: 38043267 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1) in mitophagy during sepsis and its underlying mechanisms and determine the therapeutic potential of PTPN1 inhibitors in endotoxemia-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS A mouse model of endotoxemia was established by administering an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The therapeutic effect of targeting PTPN1 was evaluated using its inhibitor Claramine (CLA). Mitochondrial structure and function as well as the expression of mitophagy-related proteins were evaluated. Rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to mouse RAW264.7 macrophage-derived conditioned medium. Cryptotanshinone, a specific p-STAT3 (Y705) inhibitor, was used to confirm the role of STAT3 in PTPN1-mediated mitophagy following LPS exposure. Electrophoretic mobility shift and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to discern the mechanisms by which STAT3 regulated the expression of PINK1 and PRKN. RESULTS CLA alleviated LPS-induced myocardial damage, cardiac dysfunction, and mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in the mouse heart. PTPN1 upregulation exacerbated LPS-induced mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, but inhibited LPS-induced mitophagy. LPS promoted the interaction between PTPN1 and STAT3 and reduced STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 (Y705), which was required to inhibit mitophagy by PTPN1. Upon LPS stimulation, PTPN1 negatively regulated the transcription of PINK1 and PRKN through dephosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705. STAT3 regulated the transcription of PINK1 and PRKN by binding to STAT3-responsive elements in their promoters. CONCLUSION PTPN1 upregulation aggravates endotoxemia-induced cardiac dysfunction by impeding mitophagy through dephosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 and negative regulation of PINK1 and PRKN transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zehong Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zijun Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - KangKai Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410083, China.
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Wang Z, Qiang X, Peng Y, Fu W, Zhao Q, He D. Design and synthesis of salidroside analogs and their bioactivity against septic myocardial injury. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106609. [PMID: 37207595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue suffers much from sepsis, and the incidence of myocardial injury is high in septic patients. The treatment of sepsis myocardial injury (SMI) has been the focus of clinical medicine. Salidroside shows myocardial cell protection, anti-oxidation and anti- inflammation effects, and it is thought as one of the potential compounds to treat sepsis myocardial injury. However, its anti-inflammatory activity is lower and its pharmacokinetic properties are not ideal, which is far from clinical application. Here, a series of salidroside analogs were synthesized, and their bioactivities were evaluated from several aspects, including their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and anti-sepsis myocardial injury activities in vivo. Of all the compounds which synthesized, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory activities than the others; after treating LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 or H9c2 cells with each of them, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. In the anti-oxidative stress injury test, compounds 2 and 3 not only markedly increased the survival rate of cells, and but also improved the cellular oxidative stress-related indicators MDA, SOD and cell damage marker LDH in a dose-dependent manner. In the LPS-induced septic rat myocardial injury models (in vivo), the two compounds also showed good bioactivities. They also reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and blocked cell damage by suppressing overhauled oxidation in septic rats. In addition, the myocardial injury was significantly improved and the inflammatory infiltration was reduced after treatment with the two compounds. In conclusion, the salidroside analogs (2 and 3) showed promising therapeutical effect on septic myocardial injury in LPS-model rats, and they could be good candidates for clinical trials against inflammation and septic myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyuan Wang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Qiang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yijie Peng
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dian He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Muniz-Santos R, Lucieri-Costa G, de Almeida MAP, Moraes-de-Souza I, Brito MADSM, Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Lipid oxidation dysregulation: an emerging player in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224335. [PMID: 37600769 PMCID: PMC10435884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by abnormal host response to infection. Millions of people are affected annually worldwide. Derangement of the inflammatory response is crucial in sepsis pathogenesis. However, metabolic, coagulation, and thermoregulatory alterations also occur in patients with sepsis. Fatty acid mobilization and oxidation changes may assume the role of a protagonist in sepsis pathogenesis. Lipid oxidation and free fatty acids (FFAs) are potentially valuable markers for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we discuss inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction during sepsis, focusing on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) alterations in the liver and muscle (skeletal and cardiac) and their implications in sepsis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Muniz-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Lucieri-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Augusto P. de Almeida
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Moraes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Moscucci F, Gallina S, Bucciarelli V, Aimo A, Pelà G, Cadeddu-Dessalvi C, Nodari S, Maffei S, Meloni A, Deidda M, Mercuro G, Pedrinelli R, Penco M, Sciomer S, Mattioli AV. Impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular health of women: a review by the Italian Society of Cardiology Working Group on 'gender cardiovascular diseases'. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:e15-e23. [PMID: 36729627 PMCID: PMC10100638 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, presents with an extremely heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms and signs. COVID-19 susceptibility and mortality show a significant sex imbalance, with men being more prone to infection and showing a higher rate of hospitalization and mortality than women. In particular, cardiovascular diseases (preexistent or arising upon infection) play a central role in COVID-19 outcomes, differently in men and women. This review will discuss the potential mechanisms accounting for sex/gender influence in vulnerability to COVID-19. Such variability can be ascribed to both sex-related biological factors and sex-related behavioural traits. Sex differences in cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 involve the endothelial dysfunction, the innate immune system and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Furthermore, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is involved in disease pathogenesis in cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 and it shows hormone-dependent actions. The incidence of myocardial injury during COVID-19 is sex-dependent, predominantly in association with a greater degree of inflammation and coagulation disorders among men. Its pathogenesis is not fully elucidated, but the main theories foresee a direct role for the ACE2 receptor, the hyperimmune response and the RAS imbalance, which may also lead to isolated presentation of COVID-19-mediated myopericarditis. Moreover, the latest evidence on cardiovascular diseases and their relationship with COVID-19 during pregnancy will be discussed. Finally, authors will analyse the prevalence of the long-covid syndrome between the two sexes and its impact on the quality of life and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Moscucci
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti
| | - Valentina Bucciarelli
- Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona ‘Umberto I, G. M. Lancisi, G. Salesi’, Ancona
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa
| | - Giovanna Pelà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
- Department of General and Specialistic Medicine, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma
| | | | - Savina Nodari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Silvia Maffei
- Cardiovascular and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione G Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana
| | - Antonella Meloni
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa
| | - Martino Deidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - Maria Penco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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6
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Liu C, Liu Y, Chen H, Yang X, Lu C, Wang L, Lu J. Myocardial injury: where inflammation and autophagy meet. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkac062. [PMID: 36873283 PMCID: PMC9977361 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved bulk degradation mechanism that degrades damaged organelles, aged proteins and intracellular contents to maintain the homeostasis of the intracellular microenvironment. Activation of autophagy can be observed during myocardial injury, during which inflammatory responses are strongly triggered. Autophagy can inhibit the inflammatory response and regulate the inflammatory microenvironment by removing invading pathogens and damaged mitochondria. In addition, autophagy may enhance the clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cells to promote the repair of damaged tissue. In this paper, we briefly review the role of autophagy in different cell types in the inflammatory microenvironment of myocardial injury and discuss the molecular mechanism of autophagy in regulating the inflammatory response in a series of myocardial injury conditions, including myocardial ischemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury and sepsis cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51080, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51080, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51080, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51080, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51080, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51080, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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7
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Yin L, Tang Y, Lin X, Jiang B. Progress in the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2156622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leijing Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Exploration of the Shared Gene Signatures between Myocardium and Blood in Sepsis: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3690893. [PMID: 35971449 PMCID: PMC9375705 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3690893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Septic cardiomyopathy is widespread during sepsis and has adverse effects on mortality. Diagnosis of septic cardiomyopathy now mainly depends on transthoracic echocardiogram. Although some laboratory tests such as troponin T and atrial brain natriuretic peptide play a role in the diagnosis, specific blood biochemistry biomarkers are still lacking. Objective and Methods. In our study, we sought to find potential biological markers from genes and pathways that are covariant in the blood and myocardium of septic patients. Bioinformatics and machine learning methods were applied to achieve our goal. Datasets of myocardium and peripheral blood of patients with sepsis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected and received functional enrichment analysis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to identify the subtypes of sepsis. Random forest, lasso regression, and logistic regression were used for variable screening and model construction. Internal and external validation sets were applied to verify the efficiency of the model in classifying disease and predicting mortality. Results By defining significance for genes using Student's t-test, we obtained 1,049 genes commonly changed in both myocardium and blood of patients with sepsis. The upregulated genes (LogFC >0) were related to inflammation pathways, and downregulated (LogFC <0) genes were related to mitochondrial and aerobic metabolism. We divided 468 sepsis patients into two groups with different clinical result based on the mortality-related commonly changed genes (104 genes), using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. In our validation datasets, a six-gene model (SMU1, CLIC3, SP100, ARHGAP25, DECR1, and TNS3) was obtained and proven to perform well in classifying groups and predicting mortality. Conclusion We have identified genes that have the potential to become biomarkers for septic cardiomyopathy. Additionally, the pathophysiological changes in the myocardium of patients with sepsis were also reflected in peripheral blood to some extent. The co-occurring pathological processes can affect the prognosis of sepsis.
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Mokhtari B, Yavari R, Badalzadeh R, Mahmoodpoor A. An Overview on Mitochondrial-Based Therapies in Sepsis-Related Myocardial Dysfunction: Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Promising Approach. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2022; 2022:3277274. [PMID: 35706715 PMCID: PMC9192296 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3277274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ failure due to dysregulated host response to infection. Despite current advances in our knowledge about sepsis, it is still considered as a major global health challenge. Myocardial dysfunction is a well-defined manifestation of sepsis which is related to worse outcomes in septic patients. Given that the heart is a mitochondria-rich organ and the normal function of mitochondria is essential for successful modulation of septic response, the contribution of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction has attracted the attention of many scientists. It is widely accepted that mitochondrial damage is involved in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction; however, effective and potential treatment modalities in clinical setting are still lacking. Mitochondrial-based therapies are potential approaches in sepsis treatment. Although various therapeutic strategies have been used for mitochondrial function improvement, their effects are limited when mitochondria undergo irreversible alterations under septic challenge. Therefore, application of more effective approaches such as mitochondrial transplantation has been suggested. This review highlights the crucial role of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction, then provides an overview on mitochondrial-based therapies and current approaches to mitochondrial transplantation as a novel strategy, and proposes future directions for more researches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Yavari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Intensive Care Unit, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. A new hope: Mitochondria, a critical factor in the war against prions. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:113-123. [PMID: 35623560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases encompass a group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders that occur due to the misfolding and aggregation of infectious proteins. The most well-known prion diseases are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as mad cow disease), and kuru. It is estimated that around 1-2 persons per million worldwide are affected annually by prion disorders. Infectious prion proteins propagate in the brain, clustering in the cells and rapidly inducing tissue degeneration and death. Prion disease alters cell metabolism and energy production damaging mitochondrial function and dynamics leading to a fast accumulation of damage. Dysfunction of mitochondria could be considered as an early precursor and central element in the pathogenesis of prion diseases such as in sporadic CJD. Preserving mitochondria function may help to resist the rapid spread and damage of prion proteins and even clearance. In the war against prions and other degenerative diseases, studying how to preserve the function of mitochondria by using antioxidants and even replacing them with artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T) may bring a new hope and lead to an increase in patients' survival. In this perspective review, we provide key insights about the relationship between the progression of prion disease and mitochondria, in which understanding how protecting mitochondria function and viability by using antioxidants or AMT/T may help to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
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11
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Magnesium Hydride Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cell Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5918954. [PMID: 35528515 PMCID: PMC9072031 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5918954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in severe cases. Given the antioxidative effect of molecular hydrogen, some recent studies suggest the potential use of molecular hydrogen as a biomedicine for the treatment of ARDS. In this study, we aimed to explore the protective effects of magnesium hydride (MgH2) on two types of ARDS models and its underlying mechanism in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS model of the A549 cell line. The results showed that LPS successfully induced oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and barrier breakdown in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). MgH2 can exert an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). In addition, MgH2 decreased oxidative stress by eliminating intracellular ROS, inhibited apoptosis by regulating the expressions of cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2, and suppressed barrier breakdown by up-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and occludin. Mechanistically, the expressions of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-P65, NLRP3, and cleaved-caspase-1 were decreased after MgH2 treatment, indicating that AKT/mTOR and NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β pathways participated in the protective effects of MgH2. Furthermore, the in vivo study also demonstrated that MgH2-treated mice had a better survival rate and weaker pathological damage. All these findings demonstrated that MgH2 could exert an ARDS-protective effect by regulating the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β pathways to suppress LPS-induced inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, and barrier breakdown, which may provide a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.
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12
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Argueta-Zamora D, Sanon S, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. The war against Alzheimer, the mitochondrion strikes back! Mitochondrion 2022; 64:125-135. [PMID: 35337984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading neurodegenerative pathology associated with aging worldwide. It is estimated that AD prevalence will increase from 5.8 million people today to 13.8 million by 2050 in the United States alone. AD effects in the brain are well known; however, there is still a lack of knowledge about the cellular mechanisms behind the origin of AD. It is known that AD induces cellular stress affecting the energy metabolism in brain cells. During the pathophysiological advancement of AD, damaged mitochondria enter a vicious cycle, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), harming mitochondrial DNA and proteins, leading to more ROS and cellular death. Additionally, mitochondria are interconnected with the plaques formed by amyloid-β in AD and have underlying roles in the progression of the disease and severity. For years, the biomedical field struggled to develop new therapeutic options for AD without a significant advancement. However, mitochondria are striking back existing outside cells in a new mechanism of intercellular communication. Extracellular mitochondria are exchanged from healthy to damaged cells to rescue those with a perturbed metabolism in a process that could be applied as a new therapeutic option to repair those brain cells affected by AD. In this review we highlight key aspects of mitochondria's role in CNS' physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on AD. We also suggest how mitochondria strikes back as a therapeutic target and as a potential agent to be transplanted to repair neurons affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Zhu X, Sun M, Guo H, Lu G, Gu J, Zhang L, Shi L, Gao J, Zhang D, Wang W, Liu J, Wang X. Verbascoside protects from LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy via alleviating cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress and regulating mitochondrial dynamics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113327. [PMID: 35203005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbascoside (VB), as an active component of multiple medicinal plants, has been proved to exert anti-oxidative, anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. This study was designed to investigate whether VB could play a cardioprotective role in septic heart injury. METHODS Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg) to induce sepsis. The treatment group received an intraperitoneally injection of VB (20 mg/kg) before LPS challenge. Transthoracic echocardiography, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and qPCR were performed to assess the effect of VB on heart function, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Transmission electronic microscopy and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis of the septic heart. In vitro experiments were also performed to repeat above-mentioned assays. RESULTS Compared with LPS group, the VB treatment group showed improved cardiac function in sepsis. VB alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Specifically, VB could restore sepsis-induced mitochondrial alterations via regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. These results were also confirmed in in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION Verbascoside could protected from sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfeng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Hypertension Research Institute of Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Gan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Licheng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China.
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14
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Noboa L, Argueta-Zamora D, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. Fighting Parkinson's disease: the return of the mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:34-44. [PMID: 35218960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, worldwide. PD neuro-energetically affects the extrapyramidal system, by the progressive loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor impairment. During the progression of PD, there will be an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), stress and accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons. This results in mitochondrial mutations altering their function and fission-fusion mechanisms and central nervous system (CNS) degeneration. Intracellular mitochondrial dysfunction has been studied for a long time in PD due to the decline of mitochondrial dynamics inside neurons. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been known to contribute to several CNS pathologies especially PD pathogenesis. New and exciting evidence regarding the exchange of mitochondria between healthy to damaged cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the therapeutic use of the artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT) marked a return of this organelle to develop innovative therapeutic procedures for PD. The focus of this review aims to shed light on the role of mitochondria, both intra and extracellularly in PD, and how AMT could be used to generate new potential therapies in the fight against PD. Moreover, we suggest that mitochondrial therapy could work as a preventative measure, motivating the field to move towards this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Noboa
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; 7 Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
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15
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Lazzaro A, De Girolamo G, Filippi V, Innocenti GP, Santinelli L, Ceccarelli G, Trecarichi EM, Torti C, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G, Russo A. The Interplay between Host Defense, Infection, and Clinical Status in Septic Patients: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020803. [PMID: 35054993 PMCID: PMC8776148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. Despite significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, its pathogenesis and mechanisms are not clearly understood. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the recent developments in our understanding of the hallmarks of sepsis pathogenesis (immune and adaptive immune response, the complement system, the endothelial disfunction, and autophagy) and highlight novel laboratory diagnostic approaches. Clinical management is also discussed with pivotal consideration for antimicrobic therapy management in particular settings, such as intensive care unit, altered renal function, obesity, and burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Valeria Filippi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Carlo Torti
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Cenko E, Badimon L, Bugiardini R, Claeys MJ, De Luca G, de Wit C, Derumeaux G, Dorobantu M, Duncker DJ, Eringa EC, Gorog DA, Hassager C, Heinzel FR, Huber K, Manfrini O, Milicic D, Oikonomou E, Padro T, Trifunovic-Zamaklar D, Vasiljevic-Pokrajcic Z, Vavlukis M, Vilahur G, Tousoulis D. Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: a consensus paper from the ESC Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation, ESC Working Group on Thrombosis and the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2705-2729. [PMID: 34528075 PMCID: PMC8500019 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is significantly affected in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Microvascular injury, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis resulting from viral infection or indirectly related to the intense systemic inflammatory and immune responses are characteristic features of severe COVID-19. Pre-existing cardiovascular disease and viral load are linked to myocardial injury and worse outcomes. The vascular response to cytokine production and the interaction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor may lead to a significant reduction in cardiac contractility and subsequent myocardial dysfunction. In addition, a considerable proportion of patients who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 do not fully recover and continue to experience a large number of symptoms and post-acute complications in the absence of a detectable viral infection. This conditions often referred to as 'post-acute COVID-19' may have multiple causes. Viral reservoirs or lingering fragments of viral RNA or proteins contribute to the condition. Systemic inflammatory response to COVID-19 has the potential to increase myocardial fibrosis which in turn may impair cardiac remodelling. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of cardiovascular injury and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. As the pandemic continues and new variants emerge, we can advance our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms only by integrating our understanding of the pathophysiology with the corresponding clinical findings. Identification of new biomarkers of cardiovascular complications, and development of effective treatments for COVID-19 infection are of crucial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Cenko
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40134 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC-Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, CiberCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Bugiardini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40134 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marc J Claeys
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Cardiovascular Department of Cardiology, Ospedale “Maggiore della Carità”, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- IMRB U955, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire « SENEC », Créteil, France
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A Gorog
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivia Manfrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40134 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davor Milicic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC-Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, CiberCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danijela Trifunovic-Zamaklar
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Vavlukis
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Ss' Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC-Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, CiberCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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17
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Chen H, Liu Q, Liu X, Jin J. Berberine attenuates septic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:121-128. [PMID: 33539718 PMCID: PMC8871679 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1877736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Berberine (Ber) can increase the survival rate of septic mice and inhibit inflammation, but whether it has a protective effect on septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Ber ameliorates SCM in a rat model and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (Con, n = 6) (DD H2O, 2 mL/100 g, ig, qd × 3 d, then saline, 10 mg/kg, ip); sepsis [LPS (lipopolysaccharide), n = 18] (LPS 10 mg/kg instead of saline, ip); and berberine intervention (Ber, n = 18) (Ber, 50 mg/kg instead of DD H2O, ig, qd × 3 d, LPS instead of saline, ip). Hemodynamics, HE staining, ELISA and western blot were performed at 6, 24, and 48 h after intraperitoneal injection of LPS to evaluate the effect of berberine in septic rats. RESULT Berberine could recover myocardial injury by partially increased ± dp/dt max (1151, 445 mmHg/s) and LVEDP levels (1.49 mmHg) with LPS-induced rats, as well as an ameliorated increase of cTnT (217.53 pg/mL) in the Ber group compared with that in the LPS group (at 24 h). In addition, HE staining results showed that berberine attenuated the myocardial cell swelling induced by LPS. In contrast to the LPS group, the up-regulation of TLR4, p65 TNF-α, and IL-1β were attenuated in the Ber group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Berberine showed a protective effect on septic cardiomyopathy rats possibly through inhibiting the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Whether it improves SCM through other mechanisms is our ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiangqi Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinlan Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- CONTACT Jinlan Jin Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 6001 North ring road, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Park J, Kang E, Kang S, Kim D, Kim D, Park SJ, Jhang WK. Mitochondrial gene mutations in pediatric septic shock. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1016-1022. [PMID: 33504965 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a growing interest in the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and sepsis. However, most studies have focused on mitochondrial structural damage, functional aspects, or the clinical phenotypes in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene mutations in critically ill pediatric patients with septic shock. METHOD Thirteen patients with severe sepsis or septic shock admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary children's hospital were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Clinical data from electronic medical records were obtained. Whole-blood samples were collected within 24 h of PICU admission to perform PBMC isolation, mtDNA extraction, and mtDNA sequencing using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS mtDNA sequencing revealed mutations in 9 of the 13 patients, presenting 27 point mutations overall, with 15 (55.6%) located in the locus related to adenosine triphosphate production and superoxide metabolism, including electron transport. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, significant numbers of mtDNA point mutations were detected in critically ill pediatric patients with septic shock. These mutations could provide promising evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis and a basis for further large-scale studies. IMPACT This study is the first to examine mitochondrial DNA mutations in pediatric patients with septic shock using next-generation sequencing. A high frequency of mitochondrial DNA mutations was detected in these patients indicating an association with septic shock. This pilot study may provide a potential explanation for the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and septic shock on a genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kang
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoon Kang
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Jhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Mai C, Qiu L, Zeng Y, Tan X. Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Enhances the Ability of Geniposide to Activate SIRT1 and Decrease Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Septic Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678838. [PMID: 34616305 PMCID: PMC8488262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is rich in geniposide, which can be transformed into the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent genipin. Genipin exhibits greater efficacy than geniposide, but it is unstable and difficult to preserve. In this study, a mouse model for sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture, and then we explored the effects and mechanism of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on the enhancement of the ability of geniposide to reduce sepsis and decrease inflammatory and oxidative levels in mice by the regulation of sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1). The mice were evaluated and analyzed by the open field test, Morris water maze test, flow cytometry, kit assay, qPCR, and western blot. The LcS + geniposide increased the survival rate in mice with sepsis, and increased the total travel distance, number of times the mice stood up, amount of time the mice spent grooming their fur, duration in the target quadrant, and crossing area number. The testing of mouse nerve cells showed that LcS + geniposide reduced the rate of nerve cell apoptosis caused by sepsis. LcS + geniposide also decreased the amount of inflammatory-related indicators of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and the oxidation-related levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampi of septic mice, and it increased the oxidase activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Additionally, LcS + geniposide increased the SOD1, SOD2, and CAT mRNA expression in the hippocampi of mice with sepsis and decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, and p53 mRNA. LcS+geniposide also increased the SIRT1 protein expression and decreased the Ac-FOXO1, Ac-NF-κB, and Ac-p53 protein expression in the hippocampi of mice with sepsis. We also observed that LcS + geniposide decreased the inflammatory and oxidative damage in the mice with sepsis. The effect of LcS + geniposide was similar to that of the drug dexamethasone and stronger than the effect of geniposide utilized alone. LcS also enhanced the ability of geniposide to activate SIRT1 and decrease the inflammation and oxidative stress in the septic mice, and it achieved an effect same with that obtained by the use of the drug dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mai
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingqin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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20
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Yu Y, Ou-Yang WX, Zhang H, Jiang T, Tang L, Tan YF, Luo HY, Xiao ZH, Li SJ. MiR-125b enhances autophagic flux to improve septic cardiomyopathy via targeting STAT3/HMGB1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112842. [PMID: 34563514 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We explore the role of miR-125b in septic cardiomyopathy, focusing on miR-125b/STAT3/HMGB1 axis. CLP mouse model and LPS-stimulated primary rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) and H9C2 cell were used as in vivo and in vitro models of septic cardiomyopathy, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to measure expression levels of miR-125b, STAT3, HMGB1, and autophagy-related proteins. MTT assay was employed to examine LPS toxicity. Dual luciferase activity assay and CHIP were performed to validate interactions of miR-125b/STAT3 and STAT3/HMGB1 promoter. Immunostaining was used to assess the level of autophagic flux. ROS level was measured by fluorescence assay. Heart functions were examined via intracoronary Doppler ultrasound. miR-125b was diminished while STAT3 and HMGB1 were elevated in the heart tissue following CLP surgery and in LPS-treated H9C2 cells. LPS treatment up-regulated ROS generation and suppressed autophagic flux. Overexpression of miR-125b mimics or knockdown of STAT3 or HMGB1 alleviated LPS-induced hindrance of autophagic flux and ROS production. miR-125b directly targeted STAT3 mRNA and STAT3 bound with HMGB1 promoter. Overexpression of miR-125b mitigated myocardial dysfunction induced by CLP in vivo. Hyperactivation of STAT3/HMGB1 caused by reduced miR-125b contributes to ROS generation and the hindrance of autophagic flux during septic cardiomyopathy, leading to myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Xian Ou-Yang
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Lian Tang
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Fang Tan
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Luo
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hui Xiao
- Emergence Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Shuang-Jie Li
- Liver Disease Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, PR China.
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21
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Qiu Y, Yu Y, Qin XM, Jiang T, Tan YF, Ouyang WX, Xiao ZH, Li SJ. CircTLK1 modulates sepsis-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via enhancing PARP1/HMGB1 axis-mediated mitochondrial DNA damage by sponging miR-17-5p. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8244-8260. [PMID: 34410682 PMCID: PMC8419196 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Septic cardiomyopathy is a common complication of sepsis with high morbidity and mortality, but lacks specific therapy. This study aimed to reveal the role of circTLK1 and its potential mechanisms in septic cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods The in vitro and in vivo models of septic cardiomyopathy were established. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK8, TUNEL and flow cytometry, respectively. LDH, CK, SOD, MDA, ATP, 8‐OHdG, NAD+/NADH ratio, ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C distribution were evaluated using commercial kits. qRT‐PCR and western blotting were performed to detect RNA and protein levels. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and transcription were assessed by quantitative PCR. Dual‐luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and co‐immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the interaction between circTLK1/PARP1 and miR‐17‐5p. Results CircTLK1, PARP1 and HMGB1 were up‐regulated in the in vitro and in vivo models of septic cardiomyopathy. CircTLK1 inhibition restrained LPS‐induced up‐regulation of PARP1 and HMGB1. Moreover, circTLK1 knockdown repressed sepsis‐induced mtDNA oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting PARP1/HMGB1 axis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, circTLK1 enhanced PARP1 expression via sponging miR‐17‐5p. Inhibition of miR‐17‐5p abolished the protective effects of circTLK1 silencing on oxidative mtDNA damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusion CircTLK1 sponged miR‐17‐5p to aggravate mtDNA oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating PARP1/HMGB1 axis during sepsis, indicating that circTLK1 may be a putative therapeutic target for septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiu
- Emergency Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Qin
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Fang Tan
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Xian Ouyang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Xiao
- Emergency Center, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang-Jie Li
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
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22
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Wang R, Xu Y, Fang Y, Wang C, Xue Y, Wang F, Cheng J, Ren H, Wang J, Guo W, Liu L, Zhang M. Pathogenetic mechanisms of septic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:49-58. [PMID: 34278573 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious complication after infection, whose further development may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and so on. It is an important cause of death in critically ill patients who suffered an infection. Sepsis cardiomyopathy is a common complication that exacerbates the prognosis of patients. At present, though the pathogenesis of sepsis cardiomyopathy is not completely clear, in-depth study of the pathogenesis of sepsis cardiomyopathy and the discovery of its potential therapeutic targets may decrease the mortality of sepsis patients and bring clinical benefits. This article reviews mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, oxidation stress, and other mechanisms in sepsis cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuerong Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yexian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chiyao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yugang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wangang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Zhang T, Liu CF, Zhang TN, Wen R, Song WL. Overexpression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1-α Protects Cardiomyocytes from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis. Inflammation 2021; 43:1806-1820. [PMID: 32529514 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is considered one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms in septic cardiomyopathy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) is critical for maintaining energy homeostasis in different organs and in various physiological and pathological states. It is also a key regulator gene in mitochondrial metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether regulation of the PGC-1α gene had protective effects on septic cardiomyopathy. We developed a rat model of septic cardiomyopathy. H9c2 myocardiocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PGC-1α expression measured. PGC-1α-overexpressing lentivirus was used to transfect H9c2 cells. ZLN005 was used to activate PGC-1α. The effect of the inhibition of PGC-1α expression on myocardial cell injury and its underlying mechanisms were also explored. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. Mitochondrial damage was determined by measuring cellular ATP, reactive oxygen species, and the mitochondrial membrane potential. An apoptosis analysis kit was used to measure cellular apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted and real-time PCR performed. LC3B, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFA), P62, Bcl2, and Bax were determined by immunofluorescence. LC3B, TFA, P62, Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1, and PGC-1α proteins were determined by Western blotting. We found mitochondrial damage and apoptotic cells in the myocardial tissue of rats with septic cardiomyopathy and in LPS-treated cardiomyocytes. PGC-1α expression was decreased in the late phase of septic cardiomyopathy and in LPS-treated cardiomyocytes. PGC-1α activation by ZLN005 and PGC-1α overexpression reduced apoptosis in myocardiocytes after LPS incubation. PGC-1α gene overexpression alleviated LPS-induced cardiomyocyte mitochondrial damage by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy functions. Our study indicated that mitochondrial damage and apoptosis occurred in septic cardiomyopathy and LPS-treated cardiomyocytes. The low expression level of PGC-1α protein may have contributed to this damage. By activating the expression of PGC-1α, apoptosis was reduced in cardiomyocytes. The underlying mechanism may be that PGC-1α can activate mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy functions, reducing mitochondrial damage and thereby reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Liang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
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24
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Zhu CL, Yao RQ, Li LX, Li P, Xie J, Wang JF, Deng XM. Mechanism of Mitophagy and Its Role in Sepsis Induced Organ Dysfunction: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664896. [PMID: 34164394 PMCID: PMC8215549 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2484oc+10.3389/fcell.2021.664896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is widely believed that mitochondria influence the development of disease by regulating cellular metabolism. When challenged by different stimuli, mitochondria may experience morphological disorders and functional abnormalities, leading to a selective form of autophagy-mitophagy, which can clear damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial quality control. Sepsis is a complex global problem with multiple organ dysfunction, often accompanied by manifold mitochondrial damage. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate both innate and acquired immune processes to protect against organ dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation and progression of sepsis-induced organ failure. Mitophagy is reported to be beneficial for sepsis by eliminating disabled mitochondria and maintaining homeostasis to protect against organ failure. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and mechanisms of mitophagy and its involvement in septic organ dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-long Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-qi Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhu CL, Yao RQ, Li LX, Li P, Xie J, Wang JF, Deng XM. Mechanism of Mitophagy and Its Role in Sepsis Induced Organ Dysfunction: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664896. [PMID: 34164394 PMCID: PMC8215549 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2484oc 10.3389/fcell.2021.664896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is widely believed that mitochondria influence the development of disease by regulating cellular metabolism. When challenged by different stimuli, mitochondria may experience morphological disorders and functional abnormalities, leading to a selective form of autophagy-mitophagy, which can clear damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial quality control. Sepsis is a complex global problem with multiple organ dysfunction, often accompanied by manifold mitochondrial damage. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate both innate and acquired immune processes to protect against organ dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation and progression of sepsis-induced organ failure. Mitophagy is reported to be beneficial for sepsis by eliminating disabled mitochondria and maintaining homeostasis to protect against organ failure. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and mechanisms of mitophagy and its involvement in septic organ dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-long Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-qi Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jia-feng Wang,
| | - Xiao-ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Xiao-ming Deng,
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26
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Zhu CL, Yao RQ, Li LX, Li P, Xie J, Wang JF, Deng XM. Mechanism of Mitophagy and Its Role in Sepsis Induced Organ Dysfunction: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664896. [PMID: 34164394 PMCID: PMC8215549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is widely believed that mitochondria influence the development of disease by regulating cellular metabolism. When challenged by different stimuli, mitochondria may experience morphological disorders and functional abnormalities, leading to a selective form of autophagy-mitophagy, which can clear damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial quality control. Sepsis is a complex global problem with multiple organ dysfunction, often accompanied by manifold mitochondrial damage. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate both innate and acquired immune processes to protect against organ dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation and progression of sepsis-induced organ failure. Mitophagy is reported to be beneficial for sepsis by eliminating disabled mitochondria and maintaining homeostasis to protect against organ failure. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and mechanisms of mitophagy and its involvement in septic organ dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Caicedo A, Zambrano K, Sanon S, Luis Vélez J, Montalvo M, Jara F, Moscoso SA, Vélez P, Maldonado A, Velarde G. The diversity and coexistence of extracellular mitochondria in circulation: A friend or foe of the immune system. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:270-284. [PMID: 33662580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and coexistence of extracellular mitochondria may have a key role in the maintenance of health and progression of disease. Studies report that active mitochondria can be found physiologically outside of cells and circulating in the blood without inducing an inflammatory response. In addition, inactive or harmed mitochondria have been recognized as activators of immune cells, as they play an essential role in diseases characterized by the metabolic deregulation of these cells, such as sepsis. In this review we analyze key aspects regarding the existence of a diversity of extracellular mitochondria, their coexistence in body fluids and their effects on various immune cells. Additionally, we introduce models of how extracellular mitochondria could be interacting to maintain health and affect disease prognosis. Unwrapped mitochondria (freeMitos) can exist as viable, active, inactive or harmed organelles. Mitochondria can also be found wrapped in a membrane (wrappedMitos) that may differ depending on the cell of origin. Mitochondrial fragments can also be present in various body fluids as DAMPs, as mtDNA enclosed in vesicles or as circulating-cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA). Interestingly, the great quantity of evidence regarding the levels of ccf-mtDNA and their correlation with aging and disease allows for the identification of the diversity, but not type, of extracellular mitochondria. The existence of a diversity of mitochondria and their effects on immune cells opens a new concept in the biomedical field towards the understanding of health, the progression of disease and the development of mitochondria as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Cornell University - Ithaca, United States
| | - Jorge Luis Vélez
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario Montalvo
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Jara
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Aguayo Moscoso
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Vélez
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Augusto Maldonado
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States; Hospital General Docente de Calderón, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Velarde
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
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Caicedo A, Zambrano K, Sanon S, Gavilanes AWD. Extracellular mitochondria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Potential types and key roles in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathogenesis. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:255-269. [PMID: 33662579 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has an important role in the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules to the central nervous and immune systems through its circulation along the brain and spinal cord tissues. The mitochondrial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential in processes such as neuroplasticity, neural differentiation and production of neurotransmitters. Interestingly, extracellular and active mitochondria have been detected in the CSF where they act as a biomarker for the outcome of pathologies such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed cerebral ischemia. Additionally, cell-free-circulating mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has been detected in both the CSF of healthy donors and in that of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Key questions arise as there is still much debate regarding if ccf-mtDNA detected in CSF is associated with a diversity of active or inactive extracellular mitochondria coexisting in distinct pathologies. Additionally, it is of great scientific and medical importance to identify the role of extracellular mitochondria (active and inactive) in the CSF and the difference between them being damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or factors that promote homeostasis. This review analyzes the different types of extracellular mitochondria, methods for their identification and their presence in CSF. Extracellular mitochondria in the CSF could have an important implication in health and disease, which may lead to the development of medical approaches that utilize mitochondria as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Mao JY, Su LX, Li DK, Zhang HM, Wang XT, Liu DW. The effects of UCP2 on autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway in septic cardiomyopathy and the underlying mechanism. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:259. [PMID: 33708886 PMCID: PMC7940903 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of septic cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to reveal the protective role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in mitochondria through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on autophagy during septic cardiomyopathy. Methods UCP2 knockout mice via a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and the H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell line in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro were used to study the effect. The myocardial morphological alterations, indicators of mitochondrial injury and levels of autophagy-associated proteins (pAMPK, pmTOR, pULK1, pTSC2, Beclin-1, and LC3-I/II) were assessed. In addition, the mechanism of the interaction between UCP2 and AMPK was further studied through gain- and loss-of-function studies. Results Compared with the wild-type mice, the UCP2 knockout mice exhibited more severe cardiomyocyte injury after CLP, and the AMPK agonist AICAR protected against such injury. Consistent with this result, silencing UCP2 augmented the LPS-induced pathological damage and mitochondrial injury in the H9C2 cells, limited the upregulation of autophagy proteins and reduced AMPK phosphorylation. AICAR protected the cells from morphological changes and mitochondrial membrane potential loss and promoted autophagy. The silencing and overexpression of UCP2 led to correlated changes in the AMPK upstream kinases pLKB1 and CAMKK2. Conclusions UCP2 exerts cardioprotective effects on mitochondrial dysfunction during sepsis via the action of AMPK on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Long-Xiang Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong-Kai Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong-Min Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Da-Wei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
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30
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Ravikumar N, Sayed MA, Poonsuph CJ, Sehgal R, Shirke MM, Harky A. Septic Cardiomyopathy: From Basics to Management Choices. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 46:100767. [PMID: 33388489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is increasingly recognized as a potential complication of septic shock; it is understood to be a reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The presence of SCM in septic shock, in previous studies, infer a poorer prognosis as it significantly increases the mortality rate of patients to 70%-90% and its incidence varies from 18% to 40% of septic shock patients. The pathogenesis is unclear, but believed to be a combination of bacterial toxins, cytokines, nitric oxide, and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, that depresses intrinsic cardiac contractility. The presence of SCM can be diagnosed in patients using a bedside transthoracic echocardiogram which typically shows left ventricular ejection fraction <45% and right ventricular dilatation. For management, levosimendan provides a good hemodynamic response without increasing cardiac oxygen demand when compared to dobutamine, while more invasive techniques such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and intra-aortic balloon pulsation are being explored as well as potential rescue strategies for patients with severe SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Livepool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and life Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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31
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Wang W, Xu H, Lin H, Molnar M, Ren H. The role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in septic cardiomyopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107160. [PMID: 33243604 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM)is common in septic patients and results in cardiovascular failure. The pathogenesis of SCM is complicated, and patients with SCM have high mortality because current treatment methods are limited. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates inflammatory responses through vagus nerve stimulation that leads to the release of acetylcholine (ACh), which binds to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Moreover, α7nAChR activation by its agonists at the tissue level inhibits inflammatory mediators and regulates the function of immune cells in sepsis. Therefore, the α7nAChR can maintain balance of the inflammatory-immune response in sepsis. CAP has been elucidated as a critical regulator of anti-inflammation in many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory boweldisease and SCM. Additionally, some clinical and preclinical trials show therapeutic potential via regulating CAP. There are excellent studies regarding the beneficial role of CAP activation, especially α7nAChR, in experimental SCM. This review aims to discuss the CAP in attenuating inflammation and the potential role of α7nAChR activation in regulating immune and reducing inflammation in SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Megan Molnar
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.
| | - Hongsheng Ren
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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32
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Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolaki NE, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Katsiki N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Current status of translational research/clinical and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:275-313. [PMID: 32959403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying ~95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have various other functions, all carried out by numerous proteins, with the majority of them being encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondria occupy ~1/3 of the volume of myocardial cells in adults, and function at levels of high-efficiency to promptly meet the energy requirements of the myocardial contractile units. Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which contains 37 genes and is maternally inherited. Over the last several years, a variety of functions of these organelles have been discovered and this has led to a growing interest in their involvement in various diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction relates to the status where mitochondria cannot meet the demands of a cell for ATP and there is an enhanced formation of reactive-oxygen species. This dysfunction may occur as a result of mtDNA and/or nDNA mutations, but also as a response to aging and various disease and environmental stresses, leading to the development of cardiomyopathies and other CV diseases. Designing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to maintain or restore mitochondrial function has been a great challenge as a result of variable responses according to the etiology of the disorder. There have been several preclinical data on such therapies, but clinical studies are scarce. A major challenge relates to the techniques needed to eclectically deliver the therapeutic agents to cardiac tissues and to damaged mitochondria for successful clinical outcomes. All these issues and progress made over the last several years are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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33
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Cao Y, Han X, Pan H, Jiang Y, Peng X, Xiao W, Rong J, Chen F, He J, Zou L, Tang Y, Pei Y, Zheng J, Wang J, Zhong J, Hong X, Liu Z, Zheng Z. Emerging protective roles of shengmai injection in septic cardiomyopathy in mice by inducing myocardial mitochondrial autophagy via caspase-3/Beclin-1 axis. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:41-50. [PMID: 31712853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, a life-threatening systemic syndrome related to inflammatory response, usually accompanied by major organ dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role by which Shengmai injection (SMI) acts to septic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Initially, the induced mice with septic cardiomyopathy were treated with SMI or normal saline (NS) with oe-caspase-3, and HL-1 cells were treated with oe-Beclin-1 and oe-caspase-3 and then cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently, we measured the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level, and expression of mitochondrial autophagy protein (parkin and pink1) and myocardial cell autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II and LC3-I). Additionally, we identified the cleavage of Beclin-1 by caspase-3 and detected the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis of myocardial cells in myocardial tissues of mice. RESULTS It has been demonstrated that SMI contributed to the increase of myocardial mitochondrial autophagy, reduction of cTnI level, and elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential in septic cardiomyopathy mice. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that caspase-3 promoted cleavage of Beclin-1 and release of ROS, whereas repressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitochondrial autophagy. Furthermore, the facilitation of myocardial mitochondrial autophagy and protection of myocardial mitochondria by SMI through inhibition of cleavage Beclin-1 by caspase-3 in septic cardiomyopathy mice were also proved by in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION Taken together, SMI could protect myocardial mitochondria by promoting myocardial mitochondrial autophagy in septic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of cleavage of Beclin-1 by caspase-3. Our study demonstrates that SMI could represent a novel target for treatment of septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Pei
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Hong
- Department of Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaofen Zheng
- Chest Pain Center of Hunan, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.
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Chen M, Guan Y, Li A, Zhao YZ, Zhang L, Zhang L, Gong Y. LncRNA SOX2OT Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Septic Cardiomyopathy. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1197-1206. [PMID: 31618067 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Researches establish an indispensable role of mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. We aimed to investigate the effects of long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) on mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. We observed an obvious overexpression of SOX2OT in septic hearts and cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of SOX2OT in mice recovered the reduced cardiac function, and improved the mitochondrial membrane potential impaired by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SOX2OT overexpressed mice showed the opposite situation. In parallel, knockdown of SOX2OT in cardiomyocytes restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, along with reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production induced by LPS, while overexpression of SOX2OT reversed these effects. Mechanistically, SOX2OT could regulate mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy via SOX2. In general, SOX2OT contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction progression via inhibiting SOX2 expression in septic cardiomyopathy, which may provide a new insight for treatment of septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University), Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Guan
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University), Ningxia, China
| | - Ao Li
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Zhu Zhao
- People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University), Ningxia, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University), Ningxia, China
| | - Yanxuan Gong
- Department of Geratology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Geratology, Gansu Second Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Xi'An International University, Xi'An, China
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35
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Tan Y, Chen S, Zhong J, Ren J, Dong M. Mitochondrial Injury and Targeted Intervention in Septic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2060-2070. [PMID: 31284854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708155400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sepsis and septic shock are known to prompt multiple organ failure including cardiac
contractile dysfunction, which is typically referred to as septic cardiomyopathy. Among various theories postulated
for the etiology of septic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial injury (both morphology and function) in the heart
is perceived as the main culprit for reduced myocardial performance and ultimately heart failure in the face of
sepsis.
Methods:
Over the past decades, ample of experimental and clinical work have appeared, focusing on myocardial
mitochondrial changes and related interventions in septic cardiomyopathy.
Results and Conclusion:
Here we will briefly summarize the recent experimental and clinical progress on myocardial
mitochondrial morphology and function in sepsis, and discuss possible underlying mechanisms, as well as
the contemporary interventional options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiankai Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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36
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Yin X, Xin H, Mao S, Wu G, Guo L. The Role of Autophagy in Sepsis: Protection and Injury to Organs. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1071. [PMID: 31507440 PMCID: PMC6716215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease with infection, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in sepsis. This review summarizes the main regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in sepsis and its latest research. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate innate immune processes and acquired immune processes, and the regulation of autophagy in different immune cells is different. Mitophagy can select damaged mitochondria and remove it to deal with oxidative stress damage. The process of mitophagy is regulated by other factors. Non-coding RNA is also an important factor in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, more and more studies in recent years have shown that autophagy plays different roles in different organs. It tends to be protective in the lungs, heart, kidneys, and brain, and tends to be damaging in skeletal muscle. We also mentioned that some drugs can regulate autophagy. The process of modulating autophagy through drug intervention appears to be a new potential hope for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangping Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liheng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Tan Y, Ouyang H, Xiao X, Zhong J, Dong M. Irisin ameliorates septic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting DRP1-related mitochondrial fission and normalizing the JNK-LATS2 signaling pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:595-608. [PMID: 30993599 PMCID: PMC6527615 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin plays a protective effect in acute and chronic myocardial damage, but its role in septic cardiomyopathy is unclear. The aim of our study was to explore the in vivo and in vitro effects of irisin using an LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy model. Our results demonstrated that irisin treatment attenuated LPS-mediated cardiomyocyte death and myocardial dysfunction. At the molecular level, LPS application was associated with mitochondrial oxidative injury, cardiomyocyte ATP depletion and caspase-related apoptosis activation. In contrast, the irisin treatment sustained mitochondrial function by inhibiting DRP1-related mitochondrial fission and the reactivation of mitochondrial fission impaired the protective action of irisin on inflammation-attacked mitochondria and cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we found that irisin modulated DRP1-related mitochondrial fission through the JNK-LATS2 signaling pathway. JNK activation and/or LATS2 overexpression abolished the beneficial effects of irisin on LPS-mediated mitochondrial stress and cardiomyocyte death. Altogether, our results illustrate that LPS-mediated activation of DRP1-related mitochondrial fission through the JNK-LATS2 pathway participates in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy. Irisin could be used in the future as an effective therapy for sepsis-induced myocardial depression because it corrects DRP1-related mitochondrial fission and normalizes the JNK-LATS2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Haichun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaochan Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jiankai Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300 Guangdong China
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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Prenatal hypoxia affected endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mesenteric arteries of aged offspring via increased oxidative stress. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:863-875. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li W, Zhang W, Deng W, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Peng Z, Chen H, Sun R, Zhang X, Yang S. Quantitative proteomic analysis of mitochondrial proteins differentially expressed between small cell lung cancer cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1366-1375. [PMID: 30198174 PMCID: PMC6209793 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly aggressive and is associated with a dismal prognosis. However, there are no clinically recognized biomarkers for early diagnosis. In this study, we used quantitative proteomics to build differential mitochondrial protein profiles that may be used for early diagnosis and investigated the pathogenesis of lung cancer. METHODS We cultured SCLC cells (NCI-H446) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE); mitochondria were extracted and purified using differential and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, we used Western blot analysis to validate mitochondrial purity and labeled proteins/peptides from NCI-H446 and 16-HBE cells using relative and absolute quantification of ectopic tags. We then analyzed mixed samples and identified proteins using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, we performed subsequent bioinformatic proteome analyses using the programs ExPASy, GOA, and STRING. Finally, the relationship between ornithine aminotransferase expression and clinicopathological features in lung cancer patients was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-three mitochondrial proteins were differentially expressed between 16-HBE and NCI-H446 cells. The expression of 30 proteins between 16-HBE and NCI-H446 cells increased more than 1.3-fold. The upregulation of ornithine aminotransferase was associated with pathological grade and clinical tumor node metastasis stage. CONCLUSION Our experiment represented a promising method for building differential mitochondrial protein profiles between NCI-H446 and 16-HBE cells. Such analysis may also help to identify novel biomarkers of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haijuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji University School of Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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