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Khazaie H, Rezaei F, Faridmarandi B, Zakiei A, Jananeh M, Mahdavi S, Nazari A, Komasi S. The sensitivity of the ICD-11 trait model to the symptoms of clinical disorders in young adults. Personal Ment Health 2024. [PMID: 38741371 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Hierarchical psychopathology contributes to providing a broader picture of the links between emerging personality structures such as the DSM-5/ICD-11 trait models and clinical disorders. The present study aimed to predict the specific and general clinical symptoms by the less studied constructs of the ICD-11 model (negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia). Data from 642 young adults from Iran (63% female, 18-34 years) were collected by three mental symptom scales and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), which was recently used to harmonize the constructs of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models. Multiple linear regressions showed that the ICD-11 model significantly predicted both the specific clinical symptoms (ranging from R2 = 0.15 to 0.40) and the general factor of clinical symptoms extracted by exploratory factor analysis (R2 = 0.40, all p < 0.001). Negative affectivity was the strongest construct correlated with both the specific symptoms (ranging from β = 0.36 to 0.69) and the general symptom factor (β = 0.59, all p < 0.001). Because the ICD-11 trait model is a practical structure related to the clinical psychopathology in young adults, screening for maladaptive traits can help clinicians in case formulation for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Roozbeh Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Faridmarandi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Zakiei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Minoo Jananeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sahar Mahdavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Nazari
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
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Vaysi A, Nazarpour P, Kiani Z, Maleki M, Hamzehei M, Amianto F, Sellbom M, Komasi S. Replicability of the five-factor structure of DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait systems and their associations with binge eating and bipolar spectrum psychopathology. Personal Ment Health 2024; 18:122-137. [PMID: 38031321 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the research on contemporary personality models-and psychopathology-mainly originate from the Western world, we aimed to test the factorial structure of two trait systems assessed with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in a non-Western sample and to compare the extracted models' relative associations with binge eating disorder (BED) and bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) symptoms. A community sample (N = 516; 72% female) was administered the PID-5, which can operationalize both the DSM-5 and ICD-11 systems. The factor structures of both systems were tested using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). The congruence coefficients of all factor loadings with international studies were calculated. The Binge Eating Scale (BES), Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), and Hypomania Checklist-32-Revised (HCL-32) were used to measure the criterion variables. Linear regression models were used for comparing the DSM-5 and ICD-11 systems in predicting the BED and BSD. The findings supported five-factor solutions for both trait systems. Both systems significantly predicted dimensional measures of both BED and BSD (all p < 0.001). The present findings support an acceptable five-factor structure for both personality systems in the non-Western sample. Different algorithms of maladaptive domains on both systems are related to binge eating and bipolar spectrum psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Vaysi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Nazarpour
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Kiani
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahtab Maleki
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzehei
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Federico Amianto
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
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Hemmati A, Rezaei F, Rahmani K, Komasi S, Miettunen J, Amianto F, Clark LA. Meta-Analytic Review of Temperamental Correlates of the Five-Factor Model and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Domains. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:208-220. [PMID: 38699774 PMCID: PMC11062301 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231210396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is little and heterogeneous knowledge on the links between the temperamental predispositions of psychopathology and the contemporary dimensional models of psychopathology, such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) classification system, which can be aligned with the five-factor model (FFM) of personality. This meta-analysis seeks to expand the temperamental theoretical basis of the HiTOP model by incorporating associations of temperament traits of two temperamental theories measured, respectively, by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) with (a) the FFM's personality domains and (b) HiTOP's five psychopathological spectra. Methods A systematic search was done on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar for all articles published in English from January 1990 to August 2020. Because of heterogeneity in the results of almost 70% of studies, pooled estimates of correlation coefficients were calculated using the random-effects method. Risk of bias (low-quality studies) and publication bias are reported. Results The pooled correlations obtained from the analysis of 35 studies showed that the temperamental profile associated with each FFM domain and HiTOP spectra is distinct. Specifically, TCI-harm avoidance (HA) and all TEMPS temperaments were more strongly related to neuroticism/internalizing, extraversion/low detachment, and conscientiousness/disinhibition. In contrast, TCI-novelty seeking was more strongly related to both disinhibited/antagonistic externalizing and thought disorder. Conclusions A large body of research supports maladaptive variants of all FFM domains and some psychopathological spectra of HiTOP related to the abnormal-range temperaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Hemmati
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Federico Amianto
- Dept. of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Del Val C, Díaz de la Guardia-Bolívar E, Zwir I, Mishra PP, Mesa A, Salas R, Poblete GF, de Erausquin G, Raitoharju E, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Lehtimäki T, Cloninger CR. Gene expression networks regulated by human personality. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02484-x. [PMID: 38433276 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of human personality have been carried out, but transcription of the whole genome has not been studied in relation to personality in humans. We collected genome-wide expression profiles of adults to characterize the regulation of expression and function in genes related to human personality. We devised an innovative multi-omic approach to network analysis to identify the key control elements and interactions in multi-modular networks. We identified sets of transcribed genes that were co-expressed in specific brain regions with genes known to be associated with personality. Then we identified the minimum networks for the co-localized genes using bioinformatic resources. Subjects were 459 adults from the Young Finns Study who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory and provided peripheral blood for genomic and transcriptomic analysis. We identified an extrinsic network of 45 regulatory genes from seed genes in brain regions involved in self-regulation of emotional reactivity to extracellular stimuli (e.g., self-regulation of anxiety) and an intrinsic network of 43 regulatory genes from seed genes in brain regions involved in self-regulation of interpretations of meaning (e.g., production of concepts and language). We discovered that interactions between the two networks were coordinated by a control hub of 3 miRNAs and 3 protein-coding genes shared by both. Interactions of the control hub with proteins and ncRNAs identified more than 100 genes that overlap directly with known personality-related genes and more than another 4000 genes that interact indirectly. We conclude that the six-gene hub is the crux of an integrative network that orchestrates information-transfer throughout a multi-modular system of over 4000 genes enriched in liquid-liquid-phase-separation (LLPS)-related RNAs, diverse transcription factors, and hominid-specific miRNAs and lncRNAs. Gene expression networks associated with human personality regulate neuronal plasticity, epigenesis, and adaptive functioning by the interactions of salience and meaning in self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Del Val
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Díaz de la Guardia-Bolívar
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
| | - Igor Zwir
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alberto Mesa
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramiro Salas
- The Menninger Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, and DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gabriel de Erausquin
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Center for Population Health Research; University of Turku, Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Ronat L, Rönnlund M, Adolfsson R, Hanganu A, Pudas S. Revised Temperament and Character Inventory factors predict neuropsychiatric symptoms and aging-related cognitive decline across 25 years. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1335336. [PMID: 38450380 PMCID: PMC10915205 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1335336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality traits and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as neuroticism and depression share genetic overlap and have both been identified as risks factors for development of aging-related neurocognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to examine revised personality factors derived from the Temperament and Character Inventory, previously shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, as predictors of neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and brain trajectories of participants from a population-based aging study. Methods Mixed-effect linear regression analyses were conducted on data for the full sample (Nmax = 1,286), and a healthy subsample not converting to AD-dementia during 25-year follow-up (Nmax = 1,145), complemented with Cox proportional regression models to determine risk factors for conversion to clinical AD. Results Two personality factors, Closeness to Experience (CE: avoidance of new stimuli, high anxiety, pessimistic anticipation, low reward seeking) and Tendence to Liabilities (TL: inability to change, low autonomy, unaware of the value of their existence) were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, stress (CE), sleep disturbance (TL), as well as greater decline in memory, vocabulary and verbal fluency in the full sample. Higher CE was additionally associated with greater memory decline across 25 years in the healthy subsample, and faster right hippocampal volume reduction across 8 years in a neuroimaging subsample (N = 216). Most, but not all, personality-cognition associations persisted after controlling for diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Concerning risks for conversion to AD, higher age, and APOE-ε4, but none of the personality measures, were significant predictors. Conclusion The results indicate that personality traits associated with psychiatric symptoms predict accelerated age-related neurocognitive declines even in the absence of neurodegenerative disease. The attenuation of some personality effects on cognition after adjustment for health indicators suggests that those effects may be partly mediated by somatic health. Taken together, the results further emphasize the importance of personality traits in neurocognitive aging and underscore the need for an integrative (biopsychosocial) perspective of normal and pathological age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ronat
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Neuroimaging of Emotions Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Neuroimaging of Emotions Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Rezaei F, Rahmani K, Hemmati A, Komasi S. A head-to-head comparison of eight unique personality systems in predicting somatization phenomenon. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:912. [PMID: 38053166 PMCID: PMC10698954 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND If somatization is an independent personality trait, it is not clear whether it is specific to the temperament or maladaptive spectrum of personality. We aimed at the head-to-head comparison of temperament and maladaptive systems and spectra of personality to predict both somatization and somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD). METHODS The samples included 257 cases with SSRD (70.8% female) and 1007 non-SSRD (64.3% female) from Western Iran. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS), and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Model (PANAS) was used to data collection. A somatization factor plus temperament and maladaptive spectra of personality were extracted using exploratory factor analysis. Several hierarchical linear and logistic regressions were used to test the predictive systems and spectra. RESULTS All personality systems jointly predict both somatization and SSRD with a slightly higher contribution for temperament systems. When the temperament and maladaptive spectra were compared, both spectra above each other significantly predicted both somatization (R2 = .407 versus .263) and SSRD (R2 = .280 versus .211). The temperament spectrum explained more variance beyond the maladaptive spectrum when predicting both the somatization factor (change in R2 = .156 versus .012) and SSRD (change in R2 = .079 versus .010). CONCLUSION All temperament and maladaptive frameworks of personality are complementary to predicting both somatization and SSRD. However, the somatization is more related to the temperament than the maladaptive spectrum of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Rezaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Azad Hemmati
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Zald DH. The influence of dopamine autoreceptors on temperament and addiction risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105456. [PMID: 37926241 PMCID: PMC11330662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major regulator of dopamine (DA), DA autoreceptors (DAARs) exert substantial influence over DA-mediated behaviors. This paper reviews the physiological and behavioral impact of DAARs. Individual differences in DAAR functioning influences temperamental traits such as novelty responsivity and impulsivity, both of which are associated with vulnerability to addictive behavior in animal models and a broad array of externalizing behaviors in humans. DAARs additionally impact the response to psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse. Human PET studies of D2-like receptors in the midbrain provide evidence for parallels to the animal literature. These data lead to the proposal that weak DAAR regulation is a risk factor for addiction and externalizing problems. The review highlights the potential to build translational models of the functional role of DAARs in behavior. It also draws attention to key limitations in the current literature that would need to be addressed to further advance a weak DAAR regulation model of addiction and externalizing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Zald
- Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Komasi S, Hemmati A, Rahmani K, Rezaei F. Construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra to predict dimensional and categorical somatization in a large non-western sample. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13197. [PMID: 37580386 PMCID: PMC10425466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a phenotypic data-driven framework for the classification of psychopathology. We tested the construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra measured by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and hierarchical regressions both to predict somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD) and a somatization factor. The case-control study used hierarchical logistic regressions to distinguish 257 cases with SSRD from 1007 healthy controls by both the maladaptive and the temperament factors. The extracted factors were also used in hierarchical linear regressions to predict the dimensional somatization factor. The seven temperament factors explained more variance above and beyond the five maladaptive factors when predicting SSRD (pseudo R2 = 0.169 to 0.266 versus 0.125 to 0.196; change in pseudo R2 = 0.055 to 0.087 versus 0.011 to 0.017). The temperament factors also explained more variance above and beyond the maladaptive factors when predicting the somatization factor (R2 = 0.392 versus 0.269; change in R2 = 0.146 versus 0.023). Although the HiTOP spectra measured by PID-5 are significant structures related to the categorical and dimensional measurements of somatoform, our findings highlight potential problems with both the construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Komasi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Azad Hemmati
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Meshkova TA, Mitina OV, Aleksandrova RV. Risk factors of disordered eating in adolescent girls from a community sample: a multidimensional approach. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2023; 4:21-39. [PMID: 38250642 PMCID: PMC10795956 DOI: 10.17816/cp6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (ED) are severe, chronic, and complex in nature mental illnesses that are difficult to treat. One of the ways to stave off EDs is by screening among adolescents to preempt the development of clinical forms of ED in risk groups. AIM 1) to investigate the prevalence of ED risk among adolescent girls and compare subgroups at high and low risk of ED; 2) to investigate using a multidimensional approach those variables that can interact with temperament and character traits to predict ED symptomatology. METHODS The cross-sectional observational self-report study of a community sample of adolescent girls 1217 years old (n=298; M=14.771.13) was carried out in the city of Ryazan, Russia. The Russian versions of Eating Attitudes Test and Cloningers Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised were used. In addition, an original questionnaire (Risk Factors of Eating Disorders) was developed. Regression models (to test for significant moderation) and path analysis (to test for significant mediations) were used. RESULTS Girls at risk of developing EDs are characterized by a heightened level of concern about weight and dissatisfaction with their body, tend to suffer from low self-directedness, higher novelty seeking and tendency to higher harm avoidance, display high alexithymia, experience self-distrust, negative emotionality and are dissatisfied with family relationships. They also suffer from low self-esteem and tend to be perfectionism and engage in risk behavior. Significant moderating effects were uncovered between the following ED risk factors: (1) self-distrust/risk behavior and BMI; (2) alexithymia/negative emotionality/self-esteem and cooperativeness; and (3) negative emotionality/risk behavior and self-transcendence. Family relationship dissatisfaction mediates the association between self-directedness/cooperativeness/self-transcendence and disordered eating. CONCLUSION There are various mutual influences between the numerous ED risk and prevention factors, which all together determine the paths between the predictors and final outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roza V. Aleksandrova
- Research Educational Center of Applied Psychology and Psychological Services of S. Yesenin Ryazan State University
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Kim JH, Kim HK, Lee SW, Son YD, Kim JH. The Relationship between Character Traits and In Vivo Cerebral Serotonin Transporter Availability in Healthy Subjects: A High-Resolution PET Study with C-11 DASB. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050759. [PMID: 37242542 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the potential roles of serotonergic activity in human character traits (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence), we investigated the relationship between these character traits and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in healthy subjects. Twenty-four participants underwent High-Resolution Research Tomograph-positron emission tomography scans with [11C]DASB. To quantify 5-HTT availability, binding potential (BPND) of [11C]DASB was obtained using the simplified reference tissue model. The Temperament and Character Inventory was used to assess subjects' levels of three character traits. There were no significant correlations between the three character traits. Self-directedness was significantly positively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the left hippocampus, left middle occipital gyrus, bilateral superior parietal gyrus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Cooperativeness was significantly negatively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the median raphe nucleus. Self-transcendence was significantly negatively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the right MTG and right ITG. Our results show significant correlations between the three character traits and 5-HTT availability in specific brain regions. In particular, self-directedness was significantly positively correlated with 5-HTT availability, suggesting that a goal-oriented, self-confident, and resourceful character may be related to higher serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wha Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Don Son
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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Lopez-Ruiz M, Doreste Soler A, Pujol J, Losilla JM, Ojeda F, Blanco-Hinojo L, Martínez-Vilavella G, Gutiérrez-Rosado T, Monfort J, Deus J. Central Sensitization and Chronic Pain Personality Profile: Is There New Evidence? A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2935. [PMID: 36833631 PMCID: PMC9957222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits are relevant for pain perception in persistent pain disorders, although they have not been studied in depth in sensitized and nonsensitized patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE To explain and compare the personality profile of patients with OA, with and without central sensitization (CS), and fibromyalgia (FM). SETTING Participants were selected at the Rheumatology Department in two major hospitals in Spain. PARTICIPANTS Case-control study where the sample consists of 15 patients with OA and CS (OA-CS), 31 OA without CS (OA-noCS), 47 FM, and 22 controls. We used a rigorous and systematic process that ensured the sample strictly fulfilled all the inclusion/exclusion criteria, so the sample is very well delimited. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Personality was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory of Cloninger. RESULTS The percentile in harm-avoidance dimension for the FM group is higher compared to OA groups and controls. The most frequent temperamental profiles in patients are cautious, methodical, and explosive. Patients with FM are more likely to report larger scores in harm-avoidance, with an increase in logistic regression adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) between 4.2% and 70.2%. CONCLUSIONS Harm-avoidance seems to be the most important dimension in personality patients with chronic pain, as previously found. We found no differences between OA groups and between sensitized groups, but there are differences between FM and OA-noCS, so harm-avoidance might be the key to describe personality in patients with CS rather than the presence of prolonged pain, as found in the literature before.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Doreste Soler
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Losilla
- Department of Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiola Ojeda
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Blanco-Hinojo
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Gutiérrez-Rosado
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Monfort
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Deus
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Ahola A, Rautio N, Timonen M, Nordström T, Jääskeläinen E, Miettunen J. Premorbid temperament as predictor of onset of depression: 23-year follow-up. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 121:152359. [PMID: 36495692 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously Cloninger's temperament traits have been researched as a risk factor for depression mostly in cross-sectional studies. In these studies, especially high harm avoidance has been associated with an increased risk of depression. The main objective of this study was to investigate how temperament traits affect the risk of the onset of depression in a previously mentally healthy adult population. METHODS This study includes a follow-up period of 23 years from the age of 31 until 54 in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. Temperament was measured at the 31-year follow-up using Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The outcome of the study was depressive disorder diagnosis during the follow-up in both sexes. To be able to take correlations between temperament traits we also did an analysis using temperament clusters. RESULTS Our sample size was 3999 individuals, out of which 240 were diagnosed with depression. For women an increase in the TCI score for novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA) or persistence (P) increased the risk of depression during the follow-up. For men only HA was a significant predictor of depression. An increase in reward dependence (RD) was found to reduce the risk of psychotic depression. In the analysis using the temperament clusters, the cluster including shy and pessimistic individuals was associated with risk for depression diagnosis in men. CONCLUSIONS This prospective general population-based cohort study added to previous knowledge of high HA being a risk factor for depression, but it also found new associations such as higher P and NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Ahola
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Nina Rautio
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Timonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Nordström
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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13
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Affective neurobiological systems underlie emotional needs, interpersonal motivations and life themes from a biopsychosocial and contextual perspective. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Arkkila J, Suominen A, Nolvi S, Rantavuori K, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Lahti S. Associations between temperament dimensions and dental anxiety in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12897. [PMID: 36302720 PMCID: PMC10092261 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated associations between dental anxiety and four temperament dimensions: effortful control, extraversion/surgency, negative affect and orienting sensitivity among 2558 parents in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, and temperament with the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Associations between dental anxiety and temperament dimensions were modelled using linear and logistic (cut-off ≥ 19 for high dental anxiety) regression analyses adjusting for general anxiety and depressive symptoms, age and education. In women and men, dental anxiety was positively associated with negative affect (women β = 1.10; 95%CI 1.06-1.15; men β = 1.11; 95%CI 1.05-1.18) and negatively associated with effortful control (women β = 0.95; 95% CI0.92-0.99, men β = 0.90; 95% CI 0.85-0.95). In women, extraversion/surgency was also positively associated with dental anxiety (β = 1.04; 95%CI 1.00-1.08). For high dental anxiety, negative affect in women (OR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.31-3.06) and men (OR = 5.21; 95%CI 1.72-15.83) and for extraversion/surgency in women (OR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.01-1.47) associated positively with dental anxiety, but for effortful control, the association was not statistically significant. Dentists should understand that temperament dimensions affect the risk for dental anxiety more strongly than general anxiety or depressive symptoms. Dimensions negative affect and extraversion/surgency may increase and effortful control decrease the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso Arkkila
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Komasi S, Hemmati A, Rezaei F, Rahmani K, Miettunen J, Amianto F, Hopwood CJ. Comparison of the relative sensitivity of two dimensional personality models to the psychopathological symptoms: the section III DSM-5 maladaptive traits versus affective temperaments. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:503. [PMID: 35897003 PMCID: PMC9327203 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) are tools designed for personality dispositions for mental health symptoms. The present study was conducted to compare these models in terms of their relative sensitivity to the symptoms of personality disorders (PDs) and non-personality disorders (NPDs). METHODS Subjects in this cross-sectional study were 1232 (805 female; 63.5%) community samples in western Iran. Data were collected using the PID-5, the TEMPS-A, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4). Correlations and Regression models were used to examine associations between traits and symptoms. RESULTS Maladaptive traits assessed by the PID-5 were more strongly associated with PD symptoms, whereas affective temperaments measured by the TEMPS-A were more strongly associated with NPD symptoms. CONCLUSION The present findings highlighted the practical utility of both the PID-5 and TEMPS-A indicating risk for psychopathology, but also suggest a distinction between PDs and NPDs in terms of underlying personality dispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Komasi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Azad Hemmati
- grid.411189.40000 0000 9352 9878Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, & Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Federico Amianto
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Christopher J. Hopwood
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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