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Zhong T, Wu X, Liang S, Ning Z, Wang L, Niu Y, Yang S, Kang Z, Feng Q, Li G, Zhang Y. nBEST: Deep-learning-based non-human primates Brain Extraction and Segmentation Toolbox across ages, sites and species. Neuroimage 2024; 295:120652. [PMID: 38797384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate processing and analysis of non-human primate (NHP) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves an indispensable role in understanding brain evolution, development, aging, and diseases. Despite the accumulation of diverse NHP brain MRI datasets at various developmental stages and from various imaging sites/scanners, existing computational tools designed for human MRI typically perform poor on NHP data, due to huge differences in brain sizes, morphologies, and imaging appearances across species, sites, and ages, highlighting the imperative for NHP-specialized MRI processing tools. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a robust, generic, and fully automated computational pipeline, called non-human primates Brain Extraction and Segmentation Toolbox (nBEST), whose main functionality includes brain extraction, non-cerebrum removal, and tissue segmentation. Building on cutting-edge deep learning techniques by employing lifelong learning to flexibly integrate data from diverse NHP populations and innovatively constructing 3D U-NeXt architecture, nBEST can well handle structural NHP brain MR images from multi-species, multi-site, and multi-developmental-stage (from neonates to the elderly). We extensively validated nBEST based on, to our knowledge, the largest assemblage dataset in NHP brain studies, encompassing 1,469 scans with 11 species (e.g., rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, chimpanzees, marmosets, squirrel monkeys, etc.) from 23 independent datasets. Compared to alternative tools, nBEST outperforms in precision, applicability, robustness, comprehensiveness, and generalizability, greatly benefiting downstream longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-species quantitative analyses. We have made nBEST an open-source toolbox (https://github.com/TaoZhong11/nBEST) and we are committed to its continual refinement through lifelong learning with incoming data to greatly contribute to the research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyuan Ning
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Yuyu Niu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shihua Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianjin Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mecklenburg L, Ducore R, Boyle M, Newell A, Boone L, Luft J, Romeike A, Haverkamp AK, Mansfield K, Penraat KA, Baczenas JJ, Minor N, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. A new genotype of hepatitis A virus causing transient liver enzyme elevations in Mauritius-origin laboratory-housed Macaca fascicularis. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:488-496. [PMID: 37953600 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231209691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infects humans and nonhuman primates, typically causing an acute self-limited illness. Three HAV genotypes have been described so far for humans, and three genotypes have been described for nonhuman primates. We observed transiently elevated liver enzymes in Mauritius-origin laboratory-housed macaques in Germany and were not able to demonstrate an etiology including HAV by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HAV is a rare pathogen in cynomolgus macaques, and since all employees were routinely vaccinated against HAV, it was not a part of the routine vaccination and screening program. A deep sequencing approach identified a new HAV genotype (referred to as Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022) in blood samples from affected animals. This HAV was demonstrated by reverse transcription PCR in blood and liver and by in situ hybridization in liver, gall bladder, and septal ducts. A commercial vaccine was used to protect animals from liver enzyme elevation. The newly identified simian HAV genotype demonstrates 80% nucleotide sequence identity to other simian and human HAV genotypes. There was deeper divergence between Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022 and other previously described HAVs, including both human and simian viruses. In situ hybridization indicated persistence in the biliary epithelium up to 3 months after liver enzymes were elevated. Vaccination using a commercial vaccine against human HAV prevented reoccurrence of liver enzyme elevations. Because available assays for HAV did not detect this new HAV genotype, knowledge of its existence may ameliorate potential significant epidemiological and research implications in laboratories globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Ducore
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Inc., Chantilly, VA
| | - Molly Boyle
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Inc., Somerset, NJ
| | - Andrew Newell
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Ltd., Harrogate, UK
| | - Laura Boone
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Inc., Greenfield, IN
| | - Joerg Luft
- Labcorp Early Development Services GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Minor
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Sanabria V, Romariz SAA, Braga M, Pires JM, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MDG, Mello LE, Longo BM, Foresti ML. What we have learned from non-human primates as animal models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109706. [PMID: 38518671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) have played a crucial role in our understanding of epilepsy, given their striking similarities with humans. Through their use, we have gained a deeper understanding of the neurophysiology and pathophysiology of epileptic seizures, and they have proven invaluable allies in developing anti-seizure therapies. This review explores the history of NHPs as natural models of epilepsy, discusses the findings obtained after exposure to various chemoconvulsant drugs and focal electrical stimulation protocols that helped uncover important mechanisms related to epilepsy, examines diverse treatments to prevent and manage epilepsy, and addresses essential ethical issues in research. In this review, we aim to emphasize the important role of NHPs in epilepsy research and summarize the benefits and challenges associated with their use as models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviam Sanabria
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone A A Romariz
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Braga
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Moreira Pires
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eugênio Mello
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Longo
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira Licia Foresti
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Florio MC, Fusini L, Tamborini G, Morrell C, McDonald A, Walcott M, Ridley K, Vaughan KL, Mattison JA, Pepi M, Lakatta EG, Capogrossi MC. Echocardiographic characterization of age- and sex-associated differences in cardiac function and morphometry in nonhuman primates. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01172-6. [PMID: 38689157 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging per se is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with progressive changes in cardiac structure and function. Rodent models are commonly used to study cardiac aging, but do not closely mirror differences as they occur in humans. Therefore, we performed a 2D echocardiographic study in non-human primates (NHP) to establish age- and sex-associated differences in cardiac function and morphometry in this animal model. M mode and 2D echocardiography and Doppler analyses were performed cross-sectionally in 38 healthy rhesus monkeys (20 females and 18 males), both young (age 7-12 years; n = 20) and old (age 19-30 years; n = 18). The diameters of the cardiac chambers did not differ significantly by age group, but males had larger left ventricular diameters (2.43 vs 2.06 cm in diastole and 1.91 vs 1.49 cm in systole, p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0001, respectively) and left atrial diameter (1.981 vs 1.732 cm; p = 0.0101). Left ventricular mass/body surface area did not vary significantly with age and sex. Ejection fraction did not differ by age and females presented a higher ejection fraction than males (54.0 vs 50.8%, p = 0.0237). Diastolic function, defined by early to late mitral peak flow velocity ratio (E/A), was significantly lower in old rhesus monkeys (2.31 vs 1.43, p = 0.0020) and was lower in females compared to males (1.595 vs 2.230, p = 0.0406). Right ventricular function, evaluated by measuring the Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion, did not differ by age or sex, and Right Ventricular Free Wall Longitudinal Strain, did not differ with age but was lower in males than in females (-22.21 vs -17.95%, p = 0.0059). This is the first echocardiographic study to evaluate age- and sex-associated changes of cardiac morphometry and function in young and old NHP. The findings of this work will provide a reference to examine the effect of age and sex on cardiac diseases in NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Florio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Laura Fusini
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Tamborini
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher Morrell
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alise McDonald
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Walcott
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ridley
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH Animal Center, Dickerson, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH Animal Center, Dickerson, MD, USA
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Dequiedt L, Forjaz A, Lo JO, McCarty O, Wu PH, Rosenberg A, Wirtz D, Kiemen A. Three-dimensional reconstruction of fetal rhesus macaque kidneys at single-cell resolution reveals complex inter-relation of structures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.07.570622. [PMID: 38106004 PMCID: PMC10723390 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys are among the most structurally complex organs in the body. Their architecture is critical to ensure proper function and is often impacted by diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Understanding the spatial interplay between the different structures of the nephron and renal vasculature is crucial. Recent efforts have demonstrated the value of three-dimensional (3D) imaging in revealing new insights into the various components of the kidney; however, these studies used antibodies or autofluorescence to detect structures and so were limited in their ability to compare the many subtle structures of the kidney at once. Here, through 3D reconstruction of fetal rhesus macaque kidneys at cellular resolution, we demonstrate the power of deep learning in exhaustively labelling seventeen microstructures of the kidney. Using these tissue maps, we interrogate the spatial distribution and spatial correlation of the glomeruli, renal arteries, and the nephron. This work demonstrates the power of deep learning applied to 3D tissue images to improve our ability to compare many microanatomical structures at once, paving the way for further works investigating renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Dequiedt
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - André Forjaz
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jamie O Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Sciences University
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center
| | - Owen McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Sciences University
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
| | - Ashley Kiemen
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
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Schaaf GW, Justice JN, Quillen EE, Cline JM. Resilience, aging, and response to radiation exposure (RARRE) in nonhuman primates: a resource review. GeroScience 2023; 45:3371-3379. [PMID: 37188889 PMCID: PMC10643677 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wake Forest nonhuman primate (NHP) Radiation Late Effects Cohort (RLEC) is a unique and irreplaceable population of aging NHP radiation survivors which serves the nation's need to understand the late effects of radiation exposure. Over the past 16 years, Wake Forest has evaluated > 250 previously irradiated rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were exposed to single total body irradiation (IR) doses of 1.14-8.5 Gy or to partial body exposures of up to 10 Gy (5% bone marrow sparing) or 10.75 Gy (whole thorax). Though primarily used to examine IR effects on disease-specific processes or to develop radiation countermeasures, this resource provides insights on resilience across physiologic systems and its relationship with biological aging. Exposure to IR has well documented deleterious effects on health, but the late effects of IR are highly variable. Some animals exhibit multimorbidity and accumulated health deficits, whereas others remain relatively resilient years after exposure to total body IR. This provides an opportunity to evaluate biological aging at the nexus of resilient/vulnerable responses to a stressor. Consideration of inter-individual differences in response to this stressor can inform individualized strategies to manage late effects of radiation exposure, and provide insight into mechanisms underlying systemic resilience and aging. The utility of this cohort for age-related research questions was summarized at the 2022 Trans-NIH Geroscience Interest Group's Workshop on Animal Models for Geroscience. We present a brief review of radiation injury and its relationship to aging and resilience in NHPs with a focus on the RLEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Schaaf
- Department of Pathology, Section On Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section On Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, and Stich Center for Health Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section On Molecular Medicine, and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section On Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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He S, Guan Y, Cheng CH, Moore TL, Luebke JI, Killiany RJ, Rosene DL, Koo BB, Ou Y. Human-to-monkey transfer learning identifies the frontal white matter as a key determinant for predicting monkey brain age. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1249415. [PMID: 38020785 PMCID: PMC10646581 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1249415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to summarize a whole-brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) into an effective "brain age" metric can provide a holistic, individualized, and objective view of how the brain interacts with various factors (e.g., genetics and lifestyle) during aging. Brain age predictions using deep learning (DL) have been widely used to quantify the developmental status of human brains, but their wider application to serve biomedical purposes is under criticism for requiring large samples and complicated interpretability. Animal models, i.e., rhesus monkeys, have offered a unique lens to understand the human brain - being a species in which aging patterns are similar, for which environmental and lifestyle factors are more readily controlled. However, applying DL methods in animal models suffers from data insufficiency as the availability of animal brain MRIs is limited compared to many thousands of human MRIs. We showed that transfer learning can mitigate the sample size problem, where transferring the pre-trained AI models from 8,859 human brain MRIs improved monkey brain age estimation accuracy and stability. The highest accuracy and stability occurred when transferring the 3D ResNet [mean absolute error (MAE) = 1.83 years] and the 2D global-local transformer (MAE = 1.92 years) models. Our models identified the frontal white matter as the most important feature for monkey brain age predictions, which is consistent with previous histological findings. This first DL-based, anatomically interpretable, and adaptive brain age estimator could broaden the application of AI techniques to various animal or disease samples and widen opportunities for research in non-human primate brains across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng He
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chia Hsin Cheng
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer I. Luebke
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald J. Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Sazhnyev Y, Sin TN, Ma A, Chang E, Huynh L, Roszak K, Park S, Choy K, Farsiu S, Moshiri A, Thomasy SM, Yiu G. Choroidal Changes in Rhesus Macaques in Aging and Age-Related Drusen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:44. [PMID: 37773500 PMCID: PMC10547013 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Choroidal vascular changes occur with normal aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we evaluate choroidal thickness and vascularity in aged rhesus macaques to better understand the choroid's role in this nonhuman primate model of AMD. Methods We analyzed optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of 244 eyes from 122 rhesus macaques (aged 4-32 years) to measure choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Drusen number, size, and volume were measured by semiautomated annotation and segmentation of OCT images. We performed regression analyses to determine any association of CT or CVI with age, sex, and axial length and to determine if the presence and volume of soft drusen impacted these choroidal parameters. Results In rhesus macaques, subfoveal CT decreased with age at 3.2 µm/y (R2 = 0.481, P < 0.001), while CVI decreased at 0.66% per year (R2 = 0.257, P < 0.001). Eyes with soft drusen exhibited thicker choroid (179.9 ± 17.5 µm vs. 162.0 ± 27.9 µm, P < 0.001) and higher CVI (0.612 ± 0.051 vs. 0.577 ± 0.093, P = 0.005) than age-matched control animals. Neither CT or CVI appeared to be associated with drusen number, size, or volume in this cohort. However, some drusen in macaques were associated with underlying choroidal vessel enlargement resembling pachydrusen in human patients with AMD. Conclusions Changes in the choroidal vasculature in rhesus macaques resemble choroidal changes in human aging, but eyes with drusen exhibit choroidal thickening, increased vascularity, and phenotypic characteristics of pachydrusen observed in some patients with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy Sazhnyev
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, United States
| | - Tzu-Ni Sin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Anthony Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, United States
| | - Ellie Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Leon Huynh
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Karolina Roszak
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Kevin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sina Farsiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
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Xue Y, Cao Y, Fan S, Xu M, Yang Z, Zhou L, Shi L, Ou L, Li Y, Qing W, Zou Z, Mao F, Wang N, Duh EJ, Yi W, Liu X. Nonhuman Primate Eyes Display Variable Growth and Aging Rates in Alignment With Human Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:23. [PMID: 37589983 PMCID: PMC10440610 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess age-related biometric changes of the eye in nonhuman primates (NHPs), to and decipher the growth and aging rates and their comparability with humans. Methods Ocular anatomic measurements were performed on 341 macaca fascicularis aged 0.5 to 23 years via multimodal approaches including IOLMaster 700. Linear or polynomial regression models were simulated to determine the best fitted age-related function. The metrics were compared with human equivalents in published reports. Results Macaques exhibited a postnatal eye growth pattern similar to humans, characterized by continuous eye extension coordinated with dramatic reshaping of the lens but not the cornea. The age-related growth of lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axis length (AL) exhibited nonlinear and bipolar patterns. The inflection points were 10 to 12 years old for LT and ACD and 13 to 15 years old for AL in macaques, which were comparable in chronological age at a ratio of ∼1: ratio with that in humans. In contrast, the speed of aging, including the increase in lens density and the decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, was comparable in relative age at a ratio of ∼1:3 according to the differences in lifespan between macaques and humans. Lens density was a robust indicator for the aging process. Conclusions Macaque eyes recapitulated the age-related process of human eyes to varying extents with different growth and aging rates. Chronological age or relative age should be considered in different scenarios when macaques are included in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Le Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lechun Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuxiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Elia J. Duh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Achilles S, Olson JD, Dugan GO, Cline JM. Assessment of Blood Pressure in Irradiated Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Radiat Res 2023; 200:13-20. [PMID: 37083731 PMCID: PMC10481370 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00117.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that circulatory disease incidence and mortality is associated with radiation exposure. Wake Forest School of Medicine is home to a unique cohort of total-body irradiated macaques, some with evidence of vascular end-organ disease in the brain, kidney and heart. Because there is a link between high blood pressure and vascular disease in all these sites, we undertook a retrospective study to evaluate blood pressure and radiation in this cohort of animals. In this work, we utilized a cohort of nonhuman primates (rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta) long-term survivors of high-dose total-body irradiation (1.1-8.5 Gy, N = 129) and controls (N = 37) to evaluate the effects of radiation on blood pressure and obesity. Subjects were between 3 and 22 years of age (median 9 years). Blood pressure (BP) was measured 1-14 years postirradiation (median 4 years). Subjects were sedated with a combination of ketamine HCl (15 mg/kg body weight, IM) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg body weight, IM) and systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were measured using a high definition oscillometer. Obesity was defined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a body fat percentage >35%. Statistical analysis of the collected data indicated significant increases in blood pressure with increasing age and obesity. However, radiation did not significantly alter blood pressure in irradiated animals relative to controls, radiation dose, or age of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Achilles
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Animal Resources Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John D. Olson
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Animal Resources Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory O. Dugan
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Animal Resources Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Animal Resources Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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11
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Wu J, Tao Y, Deng D, Meng Z, Zhao Y. The applications of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing in genetic hearing loss. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:93. [PMID: 37210555 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) can be caused by a number of different genetic factors. Non-syndromic HL refers that HL occurs as an isolated symptom in an individual, whereas syndromic HL refers that HL is associated with other symptoms or abnormalities. To date, more than 140 genes have been identified as being associated with non-syndromic HL, and approximately 400 genetic syndromes can include HL as one of the clinical symptoms. However, no gene therapeutic approaches are currently available to restore or improve hearing. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of specific mutations in HL-associated genes and to investigate the promising therapeutic strategies for genetic HL. The development of the CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized the field of genome engineering, which has become an efficacious and cost-effective tool to foster genetic HL research. Moreover, several in vivo studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas-mediated treatments for specific genetic HL. In this review, we briefly introduce the progress in CRISPR/Cas technique as well as the understanding of genetic HL, and then we detail the recent achievements of CRISPR/Cas technique in disease modeling and therapeutic strategies for genetic HL. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges for the application of CRISPR/Cas technique in future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Hooijmans CR, Buijs M, Struijs F, Som T, Karim N, Scheffer GJ, Malagon I. Exposure to halogenated ethers causes neurodegeneration and behavioural changes in young healthy experimental animals: a systematic review and meta analyses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8063. [PMID: 37202446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA issued a warning that repeated and prolonged use of inhalational anaesthetics in children younger than 3 years may increase the risk of neurological damage. Robust clinical evidence supporting this warning is however lacking. A systematic review of all preclinical evidence concerning isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane and enflurane exposure in young experimental animals on neurodegeneration and behaviour may elucidate how severe this risk actually is PubMed and Embase were comprehensively searched on November 23, 2022. Based on predefined selection criteria the obtained references were screened by two independent reviewers. Data regarding study design and outcome data (Caspase-3 and TUNEL for neurodegeneration, Morris water maze (MWM), Elevated plus maze (EPM), Open field (OF) and Fear conditioning (FC)) were extracted, and individual effect sizes were calculated and subsequently pooled using the random effects model. Subgroup analyses were predefined and conducted for species, sex, age at anesthesia, repeated or single exposure and on time of outcome measurement. Out of the 19.796 references screened 324 could be included in the review. For enflurane there were too few studies to conduct meta-analysis (n = 1). Exposure to sevoflurane, isoflurane and desflurane significantly increases Caspase-3 levels and TUNEL levels. Further, sevoflurane and isoflurane also cause learning and memory impairment, and increase anxiety. Desflurane showed little effect on learning and memory, and no effect on anxiety. Long term effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on neurodegeneration could not be analysed due to too few studies. For behavioural outcomes, however, this was possible and revealed that sevoflurane caused impaired learning and memory in all three related outcomes and increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze. For isoflurane, impaired learning and memory was observed as well, but only sufficient data was available for two of the learning and memory related outcomes. Further, single exposure to either sevoflurane or isoflurane increased neurodegeneration and impaired learning and memory. In summary, we show evidence that exposure to halogenated ethers causes neurodegeneration and behavioural changes. These effects are most pronounced for sevoflurane and isoflurane and already present after single exposure. To date there are not sufficient studies to estimate the presence of long term neurodegenerative effects. Nevertheless, we provide evidence in this review of behavioral changes later in life, suggesting some permanent neurodegenerative changes. Altogether, In contrast to the warning issued by the FDA we show that already single exposure to isoflurane and sevoflurane negatively affects brain development. Based on the results of this review use of sevoflurane and isoflurane should be restrained as much as possible in this young vulnerable group, until more research on the long term permanent effects have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21, route 126, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marije Buijs
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21, route 126, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederique Struijs
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21, route 126, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Som
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21, route 126, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Najma Karim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21, route 126, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Scheffer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21, route 126, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Malagon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Noord 21, route 126, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Biscola NP, Bartmeyer PM, Christe KL, Colman RJ, Havton LA. Detrusor underactivity is associated with metabolic syndrome in aged primates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6716. [PMID: 37185781 PMCID: PMC10130177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction is prevalent in the elderly population, and clinical manifestations include urinary retention, incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Age-associated LUT dysfunction is responsible for significant morbidity, compromised quality of life, and rising healthcare costs in older adults, but its pathophysiology is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of aging on LUT function by urodynamic studies and metabolic markers in non-human primates. Adult (n = 27) and aged (n = 20) female rhesus macaques were evaluated by urodynamic and metabolic studies. Cystometry showed detrusor underactivity (DU) with increased bladder capacity and compliance in aged subjects. Metabolic syndrome indicators were present in the aged subjects, including increased weight, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), whereas aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was unaffected and the AST/ALT ratio reduced. Principal component analysis and paired correlations showed a strong association between DU and metabolic syndrome markers in aged primates with DU but not in aged primates without DU. The findings were unaffected by prior pregnancies, parity, and menopause. Our findings provide insights into possible mechanisms for age-associated DU and may guide new strategies to prevent and treat LUT dysfunction in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Biscola
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Petra M Bartmeyer
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kari L Christe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Leif A Havton
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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14
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Zhu M, Liao G, Liu X, Luo X, Chen G, Wang L, Wang C, Liu W, Zeng X, Lu Y, Yang G, Cheng J, Chen Y. The pathological characters of islets aging in old rhesus monkeys. Gene 2023; 861:147251. [PMID: 36736506 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The loss of β cell mass and function in aged population plays a critical role in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. However, the causal relations between aging and age-related pancreatic islets degeneration still have not been fully elucidated. Rhesus monkey is one of the most ideal nonhuman primate animal models of a wide range of human diseases, including diabetes and aging-related diseases. In the present study, we observed the overall physiological function, glycolipid metabolism and islet function of middle-age and elderly rhesus monkeys, and compared their gene expression profiles by transcriptome sequencing of isolated islets. Through these analyses, we are aimed to evaluate the pathological characters of islets of old rhesus monkeys in the process of aging, and to provide some tips for the prevention and treatment of diabetes in the elderly population. The results suggested that there was no significant physiological disorder in monkeys of approximately 20 years old, except the glucose metabolism was mildly disturbed. In pancreas tissues and isolated islets of elderly monkeys, we found that the islets sizes were distinctly decreased, and the insulin secretion was compromised. Notably, the islets fibrosis and proportion of insulin/glucagon co-expressing cells increased significantly. Moreover, the β cell identity markers, transcription factors PDX1 and Nkx6.1 were losing with advancing age. Analysis of the RNA sequencing of isolated islets showed the genes related to type 1 diabetes and β cell function changed markedly. In conclusion, we found that in the elderly monkeys around 20 years old, the decreased islets size and compromised insulin secretion may contribute to the disturbed glucose metabolism, and the loss of β cell identity markers is a typical molecular change of islet senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Animal experimental center of West China hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xu Luo
- Sichuan Hengshu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Yibing, PR China
| | - Gen Chen
- Sichuan Hengshu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Yibing, PR China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Sichuan Hengshu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Yibing, PR China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Animal experimental center of West China hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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15
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Ohta E. Pathologic characteristics of infectious diseases in macaque monkeys used in biomedical and toxicologic studies. J Toxicol Pathol 2023; 36:95-122. [PMID: 37101957 PMCID: PMC10123295 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs), which have many advantages in scientific research and are often the only relevant animals to use in assessing the safety profiles and biological or pharmacological effects of drug candidates, including biologics. In scientific or developmental experiments, the immune systems of animals can be spontaneously compromised possibly due to background infection, experimental procedure-associated stress, poor physical condition, or intended or unintended mechanisms of action of test articles. Under these circumstances, background, incidental, or opportunistic infections can seriously can significantly complicate the interpretation of research results and findings and consequently affect experimental conclusions. Pathologists and toxicologists must understand the clinical manifestations and pathologic features of infectious diseases and the effects of these diseases on animal physiology and experimental results in addition to the spectrum of infectious diseases in healthy NHP colonies. This review provides an overview of the clinical and pathologic characteristics of common viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infectious diseases in NHPs, especially macaque monkeys, as well as methods for definitive diagnosis of these diseases. Opportunistic infections that can occur in the laboratory setting have also been addressed in this review with examples of cases of infection disease manifestation that was observed or influenced during safety assessment studies or under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Ohta
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai,
Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
- *Corresponding author: E Ohta (e-mail: )
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16
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Bhatt LK, Shah CR, Patel RJ, Patel SD, Patel SR, Patel VA, Patel JH, Dwivedi P, Shah NA, Sundar RS, Jain MR. Comparison of different QT correction methods for nonclinical safety assessment in ketamine-anesthetized Indian rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta). Toxicol Mech Methods 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36879461 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2187730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhesus monkeys are a non-rodent species employed in the preclinical safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals and biologics. These nonhuman primate species have been increasingly used in biomedical research because of the similarity in their ionic mechanisms of repolarization with humans. Heart rate and QT interval are two primary endpoints in determining the pro-arrhythmic risk of drugs. As heart rate and QT interval have an inverse relationship, any change in heart rate causes a subsequent change in QT interval. This warrants for calculation of a corrected QT interval. This study aimed to identify an appropriate formula that best corrected QT for change in heart rate. We employed seven formulas based on source-species type, clinical relevance, and requirements of various international regulatory guidelines. Data showed that corrected QT interval values varied drastically for different correction formulas. Equations were compared on their slope values based on QTc versus RR plots. The rank order of the slope for different formulas was (closest to farthest from zero) QTcNAK, QTcHAS, QTcBZT, QTcFRD, QTcVDW, QTcHDG, and QTcFRM. QTcNAK emerged to be the best correcting formula in this study. It showed the least correlation with the RR interval (r = -0.01) and displayed no significant difference amongst the sexes. As there is no universally recognized formula for preclinical use, the authors recommend developing a best-case scenario model for specific study designs and individual organizations. The data from this research will be helpful in deciding an appropriate QT correction formula for the safety assessment of new pharmaceuticals and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxit K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Chitrang R Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajesh J Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shital D Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sudhir R Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vipul A Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jitendra H Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pankaj Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Niraj A Shah
- Animal Research Facility, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajesh S Sundar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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17
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Ma Y, Lin Q, Zhao Q, Jin ZB. Prevalence and Characteristics of Myopia in Adult Rhesus Macaques in Southwest China. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 36947048 PMCID: PMC10050901 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the prevalence of myopia in a large cohort of adult rhesus macaques at Yunnan Province in southwest China and describe the characteristics of myopic rhesus macaque eyes. Methods A total of 219 rhesus macaques 14.07 ± 2.72 years old (range, 8-21) were randomly recruited for this study. We performed fundus photography and measurements of cycloplegic refractive error (RE) and axial length (AL) on macaques. Results A total of 429 eyes of 219 macaques were examined. The median RE was -1.25 diopters (D), and the median AL was 18.69 mm. The prevalence of myopia was 62.47%, and one-third of the myopic eyes were highly myopic. The presence of fundus tessellations was higher in myopic eyes than non-myopic eyes (42.54% vs. 6.21%). The cutoff value for the presence of tessellations was -3.52 D for RE and 19.38 mm for AL. In myopic eyes, there were significant differences between grade 1 and grade 3 fundus tessellations on RE (-5.57 ± 2.97 D vs. -8.13 ± 3.51 D) and AL (19.66 ± 0.55 mm vs. 20.60 ± 1.06 mm). Beta-peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) was found in 48.10% of myopic eyes and 6.83% of non-myopic eyes. The presence of β-PPA is associated with the presence of fundus tessellations, AL, and RE. The presence of β-PPA was higher in grade 3 than grade 1 fundus tessellations (94.4% vs. 76%). Conclusions More than half of adult rhesus macaques in southwest China are myopic, and one-third of the myopic ones are highly myopic. Similar to humans, tessellated fundi and β-PPA are the characteristic signs of myopic rhesus macaques. Adult rhesus macaques are optimal animal models for research on the pathogenesis of myopia. Translational Relevance This study not only provides a reference for the refractive state and AL in myopic rhesus macaques but also indicates that adult rhesus macaques with spontaneous myopia are optimal animal models for research on the pathogenesis of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ma
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Winters TA, Cassatt DR, Harrison-Peters JR, Hollingsworth BA, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Taliaferro LP, DiCarlo AL. Considerations of Medical Preparedness to Assess and Treat Various Populations During a Radiation Public Health Emergency. Radiat Res 2023; 199:301-318. [PMID: 36656560 PMCID: PMC10120400 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00148.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During a radiological or nuclear public health emergency, given the heterogeneity of civilian populations, it is incumbent on medical response planners to understand and prepare for a potentially high degree of interindividual variability in the biological effects of radiation exposure. A part of advanced planning should include a comprehensive approach, in which the range of possible human responses in relation to the type of radiation expected from an incident has been thoughtfully considered. Although there are several reports addressing the radiation response for special populations (as compared to the standard 18-45-year-old male), the current review surveys published literature to assess the level of consideration given to differences in acute radiation responses in certain sub-groups. The authors attempt to bring clarity to the complex nature of human biology in the context of radiation to facilitate a path forward for radiation medical countermeasure (MCM) development that may be appropriate and effective in special populations. Consequently, the focus is on the medical (as opposed to logistical) aspects of preparedness and response. Populations identified for consideration include obstetric, pediatric, geriatric, males, females, individuals of different race/ethnicity, and people with comorbidities. Relevant animal models, biomarkers of radiation injury, and MCMs are highlighted, in addition to underscoring gaps in knowledge and the need for consistent and early inclusion of these populations in research. The inclusion of special populations in preclinical and clinical studies is essential to address shortcomings and is an important consideration for radiation public health emergency response planning. Pursuing this goal will benefit the population at large by considering those at greatest risk of health consequences after a radiological or nuclear mass casualty incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jenna R Harrison-Peters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Brynn A Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
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19
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Shah NA, Bhatt LK, Patel RJ, Patel TM, Patel NV, Trivedi HG, Patel NR, Patel JH, Patel SD, Sundar RS, Jain MR. Hematological and biochemical reference intervals of wild-caught and inhouse adult Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:33. [PMID: 36369051 PMCID: PMC9652035 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonhuman primates are used for research purposes such as studying diseases and drug discovery and development programs. Various clinical pathology parameters are used as biomarkers of disease conditions in biomedical research. Detailed reports of these parameters are not available for Indian-origin rhesus macaques. To meet the increasing need for information, we conducted this study on 121 adult Indian rhesus macaques (57 wild-sourced and 64 inhouse animals, aged 3–7 years). A total of 18 hematology and 18 biochemistry parameters were evaluated and reported in this study. Data from these parameters were statistically evaluated for significance amongst inhouse and wild-born animals and for differences amongst sexes. The reference range was calculated according to C28-A3 guidelines for reporting reference intervals of clinical laboratory parameters. Results Source of the animals and sex appeared to have statistically significant effects on reference values and range. Wild-born animals reported higher WBC, platelets, neutrophils, RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, and total protein values in comparison to inhouse monkeys. Sex-based differences were observed for parameters such as RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and total protein amongst others. Conclusions Through this study, we have established a comprehensive data set of reference values and intervals for certain hematological and biochemical parameters which will help researchers in planning, conducting, and interpreting various aspects of biomedical research employing Indian-origin rhesus monkeys.
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20
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Terhune EA, Monley AM, Cuevas MT, Wethey CI, Gray RS, Hadley-Miller N. Genetic animal modeling for idiopathic scoliosis research: history and considerations. Spine Deform 2022; 10:1003-1016. [PMID: 35430722 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is defined as a structural lateral spinal curvature ≥ 10° in otherwise healthy children and is the most common pediatric spinal deformity. IS is known to have a strong genetic component; however, the underlying etiology is still largely unknown. Animal models have been used historically to both understand and develop treatments for human disease, including within the context of IS. This intended audience for this review is clinicians in the fields of musculoskeletal surgery and research. METHODS In this review article, we synthesize current literature of genetic animal models of IS and introduce considerations for researchers. RESULTS Due to complex genetic and unique biomechanical factors (i.e., bipedalism) hypothesized to contribute to IS in humans, scoliosis is a difficult condition to replicate in model organisms. CONCLUSION We advocate careful selection of animal models based on the scientific question and introduce gaps and limitations in the current literature. We advocate future research efforts to include animal models with multiple characterized genetic or environmental perturbations to reflect current understanding of the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Monley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Melissa T Cuevas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cambria I Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nancy Hadley-Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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21
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Sadoughi B, Schneider D, Daniel R, Schülke O, Ostner J. Aging gut microbiota of wild macaques are equally diverse, less stable, but progressively personalized. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:95. [PMID: 35718778 PMCID: PMC9206754 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pronounced heterogeneity of age trajectories has been identified as a hallmark of the gut microbiota in humans and has been explained by marked changes in lifestyle and health condition. Comparatively, age-related personalization of microbiota is understudied in natural systems limiting our comprehension of patterns observed in humans from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. RESULTS Here, we tested age-related changes in the diversity, stability, and composition of the gut bacterial community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with dense repeated sampling over three seasons in a cross-sectional age sample of adult female Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) living in their natural forest habitat. Gut bacterial composition exhibited a personal signature which became less stable as individuals aged. This lack of stability was not explained by differences in microbiota diversity but rather linked to an increase in the relative abundance of rare bacterial taxa. The lack of age-related changes in core taxa or convergence with age to a common state of the community hampered predicting gut bacterial composition of aged individuals. On the contrary, we found increasing personalization of the gut bacterial composition with age, indicating that composition in older individuals was increasingly divergent from the rest of the population. Reduced direct transmission of bacteria resulting from decreasing social activity may contribute to, but not be sufficient to explain, increasing personalization with age. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results challenge the assumption of a constant microbiota through adult life in a wild primate. Within the limits of this study, the fact that increasing personalization of the aging microbiota is not restricted to humans suggests the underlying process to be evolved instead of provoked only by modern lifestyle of and health care for the elderly. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Sadoughi
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Sui Y, Li J, Andersen H, Zhang R, Prabhu SK, Hoang T, Venzon D, Cook A, Brown R, Teow E, Velasco J, Pessaint L, Moore IN, Lagenaur L, Talton J, Breed MW, Kramer J, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Choo-Wosoba H, Lewis MG, Wang LX, Berzofsky JA. An intranasally administrated SARS-CoV-2 beta variant subunit booster vaccine prevents beta variant replication in rhesus macaques. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac091. [PMID: 35873792 PMCID: PMC9295201 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and waning of vaccine/infection-induced immunity pose threats to curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective, safe, and convenient booster vaccines are in need. We hypothesized that a variant-modified mucosal booster vaccine might induce local immunity to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection at the port of entry. The beta-variant is one of the hardest to cross-neutralize. Herein, we assessed the protective efficacy of an intranasal booster composed of beta variant-spike protein S1 with IL-15 and TLR agonists in previously immunized macaques. The macaques were first vaccinated with Wuhan strain S1 with the same adjuvant. A total of 1 year later, negligibly detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody remained. Nevertheless, the booster induced vigorous humoral immunity including serum- and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-IgG, secretory nasal- and BAL-IgA, and neutralizing antibody against the original strain and/or beta variant. Beta-variant S1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were also elicited in PBMC and BAL. Following SARS-CoV-2 beta variant challenge, the vaccinated group demonstrated significant protection against viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with almost full protection in the nasal cavity. The fact that one intranasal beta-variant booster administrated 1 year after the first vaccination provoked protective immunity against beta variant infections may inform future SARS-CoV-2 booster design and administration timing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianping Li
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Roushu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sunaina K Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Laurel Lagenaur
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jim Talton
- Alchem Laboratories, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Matthew W Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Josh Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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23
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Bolon B, Everitt JI. Selected Resources for Pathology Evaluation of Nonhuman Primates in Nonclinical Safety Assessment. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:725-732. [PMID: 35481786 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) share numerous anatomical and physiological characteristics, thereby explaining the importance of NHPs as essential animal models for translational medicine and nonclinical toxicity testing. Researchers, toxicologic pathologists, toxicologists, and regulatory reviewers must be familiar with normal and abnormal NHP biological traits when designing, performing, and interpreting data sets from NHP studies. The current compilation presents a list of essential books, journal articles, and websites that provide context to safety assessment and research scientists working with NHP models. The resources used most frequently by the authors have been briefly annotated to permit readers to rapidly ascertain their applicability to particular research endeavors. The references are aimed primarily for toxicologic pathologists working with cynomolgus and rhesus macaques and common marmosets in efficacy and safety assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Duke University, Department of Pathology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Johnson AL, Keesler RI, Lewis AD, Reader JR, Laing ST. Common and Not-So-Common Pathologic Findings of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Rhesus and Cynomolgus Macaques. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:638-659. [PMID: 35363082 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221084634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are the most frequently used nonhuman primate (NHP) species for biomedical research and toxicology studies of novel therapeutics. In recent years, there has been a shortage of laboratory macaques due to a variety of competing factors. This was most recently exacerbated by the surge in NHP research required to address the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus 2 pandemic. Continued support of these important studies has required the use of more varied cohorts of macaques, including animals with different origins, increased exposure to naturally occurring pathogens, and a wider age range. Diarrhea and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are the most frequently occurring spontaneous findings in macaques of all origins and ages. The purpose of this review is to alert pathologists and scientists involved in NHP research to these findings and their impact on animal health and study endpoints, which may otherwise confound the interpretation of data generated using macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne D Lewis
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - J Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
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25
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Ozirmak Lermi N, Gray SB, Bowen CM, Reyes-Uribe L, Dray BK, Deng N, Harris RA, Raveendran M, Benavides F, Hodo CL, Taggart MW, Colbert Maresso K, Sinha KM, Rogers J, Vilar E. Comparative molecular genomic analyses of a spontaneous rhesus macaque model of mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010163. [PMID: 35446842 PMCID: PMC9064097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cancer in the US with 15% of cases displaying Microsatellite Instability (MSI) secondary to Lynch Syndrome (LS) or somatic hypermethylation of the MLH1 promoter. A cohort of rhesus macaques from our institution developed spontaneous mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) CRC with a notable fraction harboring a pathogenic germline mutation in MLH1 (c.1029C
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla Ozirmak Lermi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stanton B. Gray
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Bowen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Reyes-Uribe
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beth K. Dray
- Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - R. Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Muthuswamy Raveendran
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fernando Benavides
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carolyn L. Hodo
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melissa W. Taggart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karen Colbert Maresso
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Krishna M. Sinha
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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26
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Birdwell L, Levesque D, Machiah D, Gumber S. Clinicopathologic characteristics of pancreatic islet amyloidosis in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys). J Med Primatol 2022; 51:155-164. [PMID: 35357015 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus type 2 has been linked to pancreatic islet amyloid deposition in humans and nonhuman primates. The authors hypothesized that diabetic primates would have significant differences in pathology than non-diabetic groups. METHODS This retrospective study used histopathology and immunohistochemistry to characterize and compare pancreatic islet amyloidosis in 58 diabetic and non-diabetic rhesus macaque (RM) and sooty mangabeys (SM). RESULTS The pancreatic tissues from diabetic RM and SM showed higher histopathology scores for islet amyloid deposit distribution, severity, and calcification deposits compared to their respective non-diabetic cohorts. Further, these tissues from RM and SM with amyloid deposits showed immunoreactivity to insulin, glucagon, islet amyloid polypeptide, serum amyloid P, and glucagon-like peptide 1. CONCLUSIONS Histopathology results showed that the defined amyloid characteristics are associated with clinical diabetes in both species. The immunohistochemistry results collectively suggest differences in pancreatic hormones and islet amyloid components among both species and diabetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeza Birdwell
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Denyse Levesque
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepa Machiah
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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27
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Speranza E, Purushotham JN, Port JR, Schwarz B, Flagg M, Williamson BN, Feldmann F, Singh M, Pérez-Pérez L, Sturdevant GL, Roberts LM, Carmody A, Schulz JE, van Doremalen N, Okumura A, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Shaia C, Germain RN, Best SM, Munster VJ, Bosio CM, de Wit E. Age-related differences in immune dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101314. [PMID: 35039442 PMCID: PMC8807873 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased age is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Multi-omics profiling in rhesus macaques suggests that aging may delay or impair cellular immune responses and the return to immune homeostasis. Advanced age is a key predictor of severe COVID-19. To gain insight into this relationship, we used the rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eight older and eight younger macaques were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Animals were evaluated using viral RNA quantification, clinical observations, thoracic radiographs, single-cell transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry, multiplex immunohistochemistry, cytokine detection, and lipidomics analysis at predefined time points in various tissues. Differences in clinical signs, pulmonary infiltrates, and virus replication were limited. Transcriptional signatures of inflammation-associated genes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 3 dpi revealed efficient mounting of innate immune defenses in both cohorts. However, age-specific divergence of immune responses emerged during the post-acute phase. Older animals exhibited sustained local inflammatory innate responses, whereas local effector T-cell responses were induced earlier in the younger animals. Circulating lipid mediator and cytokine levels highlighted increased repair-associated signals in the younger animals, and persistent pro-inflammatory responses in the older animals. In summary, despite similar disease outcomes, multi-omics profiling suggests that age may delay or impair antiviral cellular immune responses and delay efficient return to immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Speranza
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jyothi N Purushotham
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.,The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia R Port
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Meaghan Flagg
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Manmeet Singh
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lizzette Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Gail L Sturdevant
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lydia M Roberts
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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28
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Colman K, Andrews RN, Atkins H, Boulineau T, Bradley A, Braendli-Baiocco A, Capobianco R, Caudell D, Cline M, Doi T, Ernst R, van Esch E, Everitt J, Fant P, Gruebbel MM, Mecklenburg L, Miller AD, Nikula KJ, Satake S, Schwartz J, Sharma A, Shimoi A, Sobry C, Taylor I, Vemireddi V, Vidal J, Wood C, Vahle JL. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Non-human Primate ( M. fascicularis). J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:1S-182S. [PMID: 34712008 PMCID: PMC8544165 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the nonhuman primate used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Colman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel N Andrews
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Atkins
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Alys Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Annamaria Braendli-Baiocco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Capobianco
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Takuya Doi
- LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andew D Miller
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Shigeru Satake
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima and Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alok Sharma
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Wood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - John L Vahle
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis IN, USA
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Bolon B, Dostal LA, Garman RH. Neuropathology Evaluation in Juvenile Toxicity Studies in Rodents: Comparison of Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies for Chemicals With Juvenile Animal Studies for Pediatric Pharmaceuticals. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1405-1415. [PMID: 34620000 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211045321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developmental neuropathology examination in juvenile toxicity studies depends on the nature of the product candidate, its intended use, and the exposure scenario (eg, dose, duration, and route). Expectations for sampling, processing, and evaluating neural tissues differ for developmental neurotoxicity studies (DNTS) for chemicals and juvenile animal studies (JAS) for pediatric pharmaceuticals. Juvenile toxicity studies typically include macroscopic observations, brain weights, and light microscopic evaluation of routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections from major neural tissues (brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve) as neuropathology endpoints. The DNTS is a focused evaluation of the nervous system, so the study design incorporates perfusion fixation, plastic embedding of at least one nerve, quantitative analysis of selected brain regions, and sometimes special neurohistological stains. In contrast, the JAS examines multiple systems, so neural tissues undergo conventional tissue processing (eg, immersion fixation, paraffin embedding, H&E staining only). An "expanded neurohistopathology" (or "expanded neuropathology") approach may be performed for JAS if warranted, typically by light microscopic evaluation of more neural tissues (usually additional sections of brain, ganglia, and/or more nerves) or/and special neurohistological stains, to investigate specific questions (eg, a more detailed exploration of a potential neuroactive effect) or to fulfill regulatory requests.
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Lin KH, Tran T, Kim S, Park S, Chen J, Stout JT, Chen R, Rogers J, Yiu G, Thomasy S, Moshiri A. Age-related changes in the rhesus macaque eye. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108754. [PMID: 34506802 PMCID: PMC8785649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess age-related changes in the rhesus macaque eye and evaluate them to corresponding human age-related eye disease. METHODS Data from eye exams and imaging tests including intraocular pressure (IOP), lens thickness, axial length, and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were evaluated from 142 individuals and statistically analyzed for age-related changes. Quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) was measured as was the presence of macular lesions as related to age. RESULTS Ages of the 142 rhesus macaques ranged from 0.7 to 29 years (mean = 16.4 years, stdev = 7.5 years). Anterior segment measurements such as IOP, lens thickness, and axial length were acquired. Advanced retinal imaging in the form of optical coherence tomography and qAF were obtained. Quantitative assessments were made and variations by age groups were analyzed to compare with established age-related changes in human eyes. Quantitative analysis of data revealed age-related increase in intraocular pressure (0.165 mm Hg per increase in year of age), ocular biometry (lens thickness 7.2 μm per increase in year of age; and axial length 52.8 μm per increase in year of age), and presence of macular lesions. Age-related changes in thicknesses of retinal layers on OCT were observed and quantified, showing decreased thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, and increased thickness of photoreceptor outer segment and choroidal layers. Age was correlated with increased qAF by 1.021 autofluorescence units per increase in year of age. CONCLUSIONS The rhesus macaque has age-related ocular changes similar to humans. IOP increases with age while retinal ganglion cell layer thickness decreases. Macular lesions develop in some aged animals. Our findings support the concept that rhesus macaques may be useful for the study of important age-related diseases such as glaucoma, macular diseases, and cone disorders, and for development of therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira H Lin
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95695, USA
| | - Tu Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - J Timothy Stout
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Sara Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Lin KH, Tran T, Kim S, Park S, Stout JT, Chen R, Rogers J, Yiu G, Thomasy S, Moshiri A. Advanced Retinal Imaging and Ocular Parameters of the Rhesus Macaque Eye. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 34111251 PMCID: PMC8107642 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the range of normal ocular biometry and perform advanced retinal imaging and functional assessment of the rhesus macaque eye. Methods We performed ocular phenotyping on rhesus macaques at the California National Primate Research Center. This process consisted of anterior and posterior segment eye examination by ophthalmologists, advanced retinal imaging, and functional retinal electrophysiology. Results Full eye examinations were performed on 142 animals, consisting of pupillary light reflex, tonometry, external examination and photography, anterior slit lamp examination, and posterior segment examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Ages of the rhesus macaques ranged from 0.7 to 29 years (mean, 16.4 ± 7.5 years). Anterior segment measurements such as intraocular pressure (n = 142), corneal thickness (n = 84), lens thickness (n = 114), and axial length (n = 114) were acquired. Advanced retinal imaging in the form of fundus photography (n = 78), optical coherence tomography (n = 60), and quantitative autofluorescence (n = 44) was obtained. Electroretinography (n = 75) was used to assay retinal function. Quantitative analyses of the macular structure, retinal layer segmentation, and rod and cone photoreceptor electrical responses are reported. Quantitative assessments were made and variations between sexes were analyzed to compare with established sex changes in human eyes. Conclusions The rhesus macaque has an ocular structure and function very similar to that of the human eye. In particular macular structure and retinal function is very similar to humans, making this species particularly useful for the study of macular biology and development of therapies for cone photoreceptor disorders. Translational Relevance Rhesus macaques are an ideal model for future vision science studies of human eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira H Lin
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tu Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Timothy Stout
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sara Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Saravanan C, Flandre T, Hodo CL, Lewis AD, Mecklenburg L, Romeike A, Turner OC, Yen HY. Research Relevant Conditions and Pathology in Nonhuman Primates. ILAR J 2021; 61:139-166. [PMID: 34129672 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research involving animal models continues to provide important insights into disease pathogenesis and treatment of diseases that impact human health. In particular, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been used extensively in translational research due to their phylogenetic proximity to humans and similarities to disease pathogenesis and treatment responses as assessed in clinical trials. Microscopic changes in tissues remain a significant endpoint in studies involving these models. Spontaneous, expected (ie, incidental or background) histopathologic changes are commonly encountered and influenced by species, genetic variations, age, and geographical origin of animals, including exposure to infectious or parasitic agents. Often, the background findings confound study-related changes, because numbers of NHPs used in research are limited by animal welfare and other considerations. Moreover, background findings in NHPs can be exacerbated by experimental conditions such as treatment with xenobiotics (eg, infectious morphological changes related to immunosuppressive therapy). This review and summary of research-relevant conditions and pathology in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, baboons, African green monkeys, common marmosets, tamarins, and squirrel and owl monkeys aims to improve the interpretation and validity of NHP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Saravanan
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Thierry Flandre
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn L Hodo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, Texas, USA
| | - Anne D Lewis
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Oliver C Turner
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hsi-Yu Yen
- Covance Preclinical Services GmbH, Münster 48163, Germany
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Ma H, Van Dyken C, Darby H, Mikhalchenko A, Marti-Gutierrez N, Koski A, Liang D, Li Y, Tippner-Hedges R, Kang E, Lee Y, Sidener H, Ramsey C, Hodge T, Amato P, Mitalipov S. Germline transmission of donor, maternal and paternal mtDNA in primates. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:493-505. [PMID: 33289786 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the long-term developmental, reproductive and genetic consequences of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) in primates? SUMMARY ANSWER Longitudinal investigation of MRT rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) generated with donor mtDNA that is exceedingly distant from the original maternal counterpart suggest that their growth, general health and fertility is unremarkable and similar to controls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mitochondrial gene mutations contribute to a diverse range of incurable human disorders. MRT via spindle transfer in oocytes was developed and proposed to prevent transmission of pathogenic mtDNA mutations from mothers to children. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study provides longitudinal studies on general health, fertility as well as transmission and segregation of parental mtDNA haplotypes to various tissues and organs in five adult MRT rhesus macaques and their offspring. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MRT was achieved by spindle transfer between metaphase II oocytes from genetically divergent rhesus macaque populations. After fertilization of oocytes with sperm, heteroplasmic zygotes contained an unequal mixture of three parental genomes, i.e. donor (≥97%), maternal (≤3%), and paternal (≤0.1%) mitochondrial (mt)DNA. MRT monkeys were grown to adulthood and their development and general health was regularly monitored. Reproductive fitness of male and female MRT macaques was evaluated by time-mated breeding and production of live offspring. The relative contribution of donor, maternal, and paternal mtDNA was measured by whole mitochondrial genome sequencing in all organs and tissues of MRT animals and their offspring. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Both male and female MRT rhesus macaques containing unequal mixture of three parental genomes, i.e. donor (≥97%), maternal (≤3%), and paternal (≤0.1%) mtDNA reached healthy adulthood, were fertile and most animals stably maintained the initial ratio of parental mtDNA heteroplasmy and donor mtDNA was transmitted from females to offspring. However, in one monkey out of four analyzed, initially negligible maternal mtDNA heteroplasmy levels increased substantially up to 17% in selected internal tissues and organs. In addition, two monkeys showed paternal mtDNA contribution up to 33% in selected internal tissues and organs. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Conclusions in this study were made on a relatively low number of MRT monkeys, and on only one F1 (first generation) female. In addition, monkey MRT involved two wildtype mtDNA haplotypes, but not disease-relevant variants. Clinical trials on children born after MRT will be required to fully determine safety and efficacy of MRT for humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data show that MRT is compatible with normal postnatal development including overall health and reproductive fitness in nonhuman primates without any detected adverse effects. 'Mismatched' donor mtDNA in MRT animals even from the genetically distant mtDNA haplotypes did not cause secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. However, carry-over maternal or paternal mtDNA contributions increased substantially in selected internal tissues / organs of some MRT animals implying the possibility of mtDNA mutation recurrence. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work has been funded by the grants from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the National Institutes of Health (RO1AG062459 and P51 OD011092), National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07043216) and Oregon Health & Science University institutional funds. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Hayley Darby
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Aleksei Mikhalchenko
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nuria Marti-Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca Tippner-Hedges
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eunju Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heather Sidener
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Cathy Ramsey
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Travis Hodge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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Casel MA, Park SJ, Choi YK. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: emerging novel phlebovirus and their control strategy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:713-722. [PMID: 33953322 PMCID: PMC8178303 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging infectious disease first identified in central China in 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was found to be caused by a novel phlebovirus. Since SFTSV was first identified, epidemics have occurred in several East Asian countries. With the escalating incidence of SFTS and the rapid, worldwide spread of SFTSV vector, it is clear this virus has pandemic potential and presents an impending global public health threat. In this review, we concisely summarize the latest findings regarding SFTSV, including vector and virus transmission, genotype diversity and epidemiology, probable pathogenic mechanism, and clinical presentation of human SFTS. Ticks most likely transmit SFTSV to animals including humans; however, human-to-human transmission has been reported. The majority of arbovirus transmission cycle includes vertebrate hosts, and potential reservoirs include a variety of both domestic and wild animals. Reports of the seroprevalence of SFTSV in both wild and domestic animals raises the probability that domestic animals act as amplifying hosts for the virus. Major clinical manifestation of human SFTS infection is high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and a high case-fatality rate. Several animal models were developed to further understand the pathogenesis of the virus and aid in the discovery of therapeutics and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anthony Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Fahlberg MD, Blair RV, Doyle-Meyers LA, Midkiff CC, Zenere G, Russell-Lodrigue KE, Monjure CJ, Haupt EH, Penney TP, Lehmicke G, Threeton BM, Golden N, Datta PK, Roy CJ, Bohm RP, Maness NJ, Fischer T, Rappaport J, Vaccari M. Cellular events of acute, resolving or progressive COVID-19 in SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6078. [PMID: 33247138 PMCID: PMC7695721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding SARS-CoV-2 associated immune pathology is crucial to develop pan-effective vaccines and treatments. Here we investigate the immune events from the acute state up to four weeks post SARS-CoV-2 infection, in non-human primates (NHP) with heterogeneous pulmonary pathology. We show a robust migration of CD16 expressing monocytes to the lungs occurring during the acute phase, and we describe two subsets of interstitial macrophages (HLA-DR+CD206-): a transitional CD11c+CD16+ cell population directly associated with IL-6 levels in plasma, and a long-lasting CD11b+CD16+ cell population. Trafficking of monocytes is mediated by TARC (CCL17) and associates with viral load measured in bronchial brushes. We also describe associations between disease outcomes and high levels of cell infiltration in lungs including CD11b+CD16hi macrophages and CD11b+ neutrophils. Accumulation of macrophages is long-lasting and detectable even in animals with mild or no signs of disease. Interestingly, animals with anti-inflammatory responses including high IL-10:IL-6 and kynurenine to tryptophan ratios show less severe illness. Our results unravel cellular mechanisms of COVID-19 and suggest that NHP may be appropriate models to test immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - R V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - L A Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - C C Midkiff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - G Zenere
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - K E Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - C J Monjure
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - E H Haupt
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - T P Penney
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - G Lehmicke
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - B M Threeton
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - N Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - P K Datta
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - C J Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - R P Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - N J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T Fischer
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Vaccari
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Zhang QQ, Liu ZH, Liu LL, Hu G, Lei GL, Wang Y, Cao Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Liao QP. Prebiotic Maltose Gel Can Promote the Vaginal Microbiota From BV-Related Bacteria Dominant to Lactobacillus in Rhesus Macaque. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:594065. [PMID: 33240248 PMCID: PMC7677408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.594065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of bacterial vaginosis recurrence is common after treatment with an antibiotic agent and suggests the need for new treatments to prevent this. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the ability of maltose gel to treat bacterial vaginosis. Eighteen female rhesus macaques were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive maltose gel or placebo gel by syringe to the fornix of the vagina for five consecutive days. We used 16S rRNA sequencing data from 70 swab samples of vaginal secretions in two groups in total on days 0, 3, and 5 after medication initiation and days 3 and 5 after medication withdrawal for the study of microbiome composition. We found that, in the placebo control group, there was no significant change in the composition and abundance of vaginal microbiota during the follow-up period. In the maltose gel test group, the abundance of Lactobacillus in the vagina microbiota increased gradually with the prolongation of the treatment time on Days 3 and 5 (ANOVA p = 6.99e−5 < 0.01) but began to decrease after the withdrawal of maltose gel, which was different from that of the control group. Correspondingly, the diversity and abundance of BV-related bacteria, Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Mobiluncus, Campylobacter, Prevotella, and Sneathia, decreased on Day 0 to Day 5 of medication and increased after drug withdrawal in the maltose gel test group. The study confirms that maltose gel can facilitate the proliferation of Lactobacillus and promote the transition of the vaginal microbiota from BV-related bacteria dominant to Lactobacillus dominant in the rhesus macaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Qiong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Liu
- Shenzhen Eulikan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Sichuan Green-house Biotech Co., Ltd, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang-Lun Lei
- Sichuan Green-house Biotech Co., Ltd, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Suzhou Turing Microbial Technologies Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Suzhou Turing Microbial Technologies Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Ping Liao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Vannella KM, Stein S, Connelly M, Swerczek J, Amaro-Carambot E, Coyle EM, Babyak A, Winkler CW, Saturday G, Gai ND, Hammoud DA, Dowd KA, Valencia LP, Ramos-Benitez MJ, Kindrachuk J, Pierson TC, Peterson KE, Brenchley JM, Whitehead SS, Khurana S, Herbert R, Chertow DS. Nonhuman primates exposed to Zika virus in utero are not protected against reinfection at 1 year postpartum. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz4997. [PMID: 33115950 PMCID: PMC11256112 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information about the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure in utero on the anti-ZIKV immune responses of offspring. We infected six rhesus macaque dams with ZIKV early or late in pregnancy and studied four of their offspring over the course of a year postpartum. Despite evidence of ZIKV exposure in utero, we observed no structural brain abnormalities in the offspring. We detected infant-derived ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin A antibody responses and T cell memory responses during the first year postpartum in the two offspring born to dams infected with ZIKV early in pregnancy. Critically, although the infants had acquired some immunological memory of ZIKV, it was not sufficient to protect them against reinfection with ZIKV at 1 year postpartum. The four offspring reexposed to ZIKV at 1 year postpartum all survived but exhibited acute viremia and viral tropism to lymphoid tissues; three of four reexposed offspring exhibited spinal cord pathology. These data suggest that macaque infants born to dams infected with ZIKV during pregnancy remain susceptible to postnatal infection and consequent neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sydney Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connelly
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Swerczek
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA
| | - Emerito Amaro-Carambot
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Coyle
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Ashley Babyak
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clayton W Winkler
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Neville D Gai
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis Perez Valencia
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcos J Ramos-Benitez
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karin E Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steve S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Richard Herbert
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Havton LA, Biscola NP, Christe KL, Colman RJ. Ketamine-induced neuromuscular reactivity is associated with aging in female rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236430. [PMID: 32956357 PMCID: PMC7505584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques represent an important species for translational and pre-clinical research studies across a multitude of disease and injury models, including aging. Ketamine anesthesia is used in humans and non-human primates but may be associated with adverse effects, including neuromuscular reactions. The effects of aging on ketamine adverse effects is not well characterized. Urodynamic recordings and electromyography (EMG) studies were performed in aged (>20 years old) and adult (3.9–14.9 years old) female rhesus macaques under an equal and light plane of sedation by constant rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine. A total of 4 of 41 adult subjects (9.7%) showed clinical signs of ketamine-induced abnormal neuromuscular reactivity, whereas a larger portion of 14 of 26 aged subjects showed similar ketamine-induced neuromuscular reactivity (53.8%; P< 0.001). The ketamine CRI rate was 19.8±0.9 mg/kg/h in adults and lower in aged subjects at 16.5±1.4 mg/kg/h (P<0.05). The ketamine CRI rate was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.30, P<0.05, n = 64). The incidence of ketamine reactivity or CRI rate was not different between aged pre-and post-menopausal females. EMG recordings during neuromuscular reactivity showed coordinated activation of multiple muscles, suggesting a central nervous system (CNS) mechanism for ketamine-associated neuromuscular reactivity. The incidence of ketamine-induced neuromuscular reactivity is age related but not affected by the estrous cycle in female rhesus macaques. A coordinated activation of multiple muscles, innervated by different peripheral nerves, suggests that ketamine-induced neuromuscular reactivity originates in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif A. Havton
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and Neurology Service, James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalia P. Biscola
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kari L. Christe
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Risk Factors, Regulatory Pathways in Chondrocytes, and Experimental Models. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080194. [PMID: 32751156 PMCID: PMC7464998 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As the most common chronic degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of pain and physical disability, affecting millions of people worldwide. Mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation, OA is a heterogeneous disease that impacts all component tissues of the articular joint organ. Pathological changes, and thus symptoms, vary from person to person, underscoring the critical need of personalized therapies. However, there has only been limited progress towards the prevention and treatment of OA, and there are no approved effective disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs). Conventional treatments, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy, are still the major remedies to manage the symptoms until the need for total joint replacement. In this review, we provide an update of the known OA risk factors and relevant mechanisms of action. In addition, given that the lack of biologically relevant models to recapitulate human OA pathogenesis represents one of the major roadblocks in developing DMOADs, we discuss current in vivo and in vitro experimental OA models, with special emphasis on recent development and application potential of human cell-derived microphysiological tissue chip platforms.
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Wang X, Chen K, Pan M, Ge W, He Z. Comparison of proteome alterations during aging in the temporal lobe of humans and rhesus macaques. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1963-1976. [PMID: 32572507 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques are widely used as animal models for studies of the nervous system; however, it is unknown whether the alterations in the protein profile of the brain during aging are conserved between humans and rhesus macaques. In this study, temporal cortex samples from old and young humans (84 vs. 34 years, respectively) or rhesus macaques (20 vs. 6 years, respectively) were subjected to tandem mass tag-labeled proteomic analysis followed by bioinformatic analysis. A total of 3861 homologous pairs of proteins were identified during the aging process. The conservatively upregulated proteins (n = 190) were involved mainly in extracellular matrix (ECM), focal adhesion and coagulation; while, the conservatively downregulated proteins (n = 56) were enriched in ribosome. Network analysis showed that these conservatively regulated proteins interacted with each other with respect to protein synthesis and cytoskeleton-ECM connection. Many proteins in the focal adhesion, blood clotting, complement and coagulation, and cytoplasmic ribosomal protein pathways were regulated in the same direction in human and macaque; while, proteins involved in oligodendrocyte specification and differentiation pathways were downregulated during human aging, and many proteins in the electron transport chain pathway showed differences in the altered expression profiles. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013597. Our findings suggest similarities in some changes in brain protein profiles during aging both in humans and macaques, although other changes are unique to only one of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Zhanlong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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Pekow C. Commentary on two reports on animal models of COVID-19. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:115-116. [PMID: 32613170 PMCID: PMC7323696 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Pekow
- International Council for Laboratory Animal ScienceBrusselsBelgium
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42
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Olstad KJ, Imai DM, Keesler RI, Reader R, Morrison JH, Roberts JA, Capitanio JP, Didier ES, Kuroda MJ, Simmons H, Salimi S, Mattison JA, Ikeno Y, Ladiges W. Development of a Geropathology Grading Platform for nonhuman primates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:16-19. [PMID: 33283205 PMCID: PMC7717498 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A geropathology grading platform (GGP) for assessing age-related lesions has been established and validated for in inbred strain of mice. Because nonhuman primates (NHPs) share significant similarities in aging and spontaneous chronic diseases with humans, they provide excellent translational value for correlating histopathology with biological and pathological events associated with increasing age. Descriptive age-associated pathology has been described for rhesus macaques and marmosets, but a grading platform similar to the mouse GGP does not exist. The value of these NHP models is enhanced by considerable historical data from clinical, bio-behavioral, and social domains that align with health span in these animals. Successful adaptation of the mouse GGP for NHPs will include 1) expanding the range of organs examined; 2) standardizing necropsy collection, tissue trimming, and descriptive lesion terminology; 3) expanding beyond rhesus macaques and marmosets to include other commonly used NHPs in research; and 4) creating a national resource for age-related pathology to complement the extensive in-life datasets. Adaptation of the GGP to include translational models other than mice will be crucial to advance geropathology designed to enhance aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebekah I Keesler
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery A Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John P Capitanio
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Didier
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo J Kuroda
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heather Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Dickerson, MD, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim K, Jeon HA, Seo J, Park J, Won J, Yeo HG, Jeon CY, Huh JW, Kim YH, Hong Y, Choi JW, Lee Y. Evaluation of cognitive function in adult rhesus monkeys using the finger maze test. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cooper RE, Hutchinson EK, Izzi JM. Evaluation of the guaiac fecal occult blood test for detection of gastrointestinal bleeding in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2020; 49:16-25. [PMID: 31674042 PMCID: PMC6972668 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage accompanies several common diseases of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) is a non-invasive means to detect such bleeding in several species; however, there are currently no data indicating reliability of this test to detect GI hemorrhage in macaques. METHODS We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of gFOBT to detect simulated and biopsy-associated bleeding in the stomach, duodenum, and colon of 15 rhesus macaques. Fecal samples were analyzed via gFOBT for 72 hours. RESULTS Guaiac fecal occult blood testing was more sensitive to detect lower vs upper GI bleeding; sensitivity was volume-dependent in the upper GI tract. Single-test specificity was 95.2%. Repeated fecal collections increased gFOBT sensitivity without affecting specificity. CONCLUSIONS Guaiac fecal occult blood testing is a useful screening test for both upper and lower GI bleeding in rhesus macaques. For highest sensitivity, gFOBT should be performed on three fecal samples collected 24 hours apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Elizabeth Cooper
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Eric Kenneth Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jessica Marie Izzi
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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Meng S, Xia W, Pan M, Jia Y, He Z, Ge W. Proteomics profiling and pathway analysis of hippocampal aging in rhesus monkeys. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:2. [PMID: 31941443 PMCID: PMC6964096 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aged rhesus monkeys exhibit deficits in memory mediated by the hippocampus. Although extensive research has been carried out on the characteristics of human hippocampal aging, there is still very little scientific understanding of the changes associated with hippocampal aging in rhesus monkeys. To explore the proteomics profiling and pathway-related changes in the rhesus hippocampus during the aging process, we conducted a high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis of hippocampal samples from two groups of rhesus macaques aged 6 years and 20 years, using 2-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. In addition, we used a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis approach to investigate the enriched signaling pathways of differentially expressed proteins (the ratios of 20-years vs. 6-years, ≥ 1.20 or ≤ 0.83). Results In total, 3260 proteins were identified with a high level of confidence in rhesus hippocampus. We found 367 differentially expressed proteins related to rhesus hippocampus aging. Based on biological pathway analysis, we found these aging-related proteins were predominantly enriched in the electron transport chain, NRF2 pathway, focal adhesion–PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway and cytoplasmic ribosome proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011398. Conclusion This study provides a detail description of the proteomics profile related to rhesus hippocampal aging. These findings should make an important contribution to further mechanistic studies, marker selection and drug development for the prevention and treatment of aging or age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenchao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yangjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Metzger JM, Matsoff HN, Zinnen AD, Fleddermann RA, Bondarenko V, Simmons HA, Mejia A, Moore CF, Emborg ME. Post mortem evaluation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and PPARγ activation in a nonhuman primate model of cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226999. [PMID: 31910209 PMCID: PMC6946159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysautonomia is a common nonmotor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with loss of sympathetic innervation to the heart and decreased plasma catecholamines. Disease-modifying strategies for PD cardiac neurodegeneration are not available, and biomarkers of target engagement are lacking. Systemic administration of the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) recapitulates PD cardiac dysautonomia pathology. We recently used positron emission tomography (PET) to visualize and quantify cardiac sympathetic innervation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; n = 10) challenged with 6-OHDA (50mg/kg; i.v.). Twenty-four hours post-intoxication, the animals were blindly and randomly assigned to receive daily doses of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone (n = 5; 5mg/kg p.o.) or placebo (n = 5). Quantification of PET radioligand uptake showed increased oxidative stress and inflammation one week after 6-OHDA which resolved to baseline levels by twelve weeks, at which time pioglitazone-treated animals showed regionally preserved sympathetic innervation. Here we report post mortem characterization of heart and adrenal tissue in these animals compared to age and sex matched normal controls (n = 5). In the heart, 6-OHDA-treated animals showed a significant loss of sympathetic nerve fibers density (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive fibers). The anatomical distribution of markers of sympathetic innervation (TH) and inflammation (HLA-DR) significantly correlated with respective in vivo PET findings across left ventricle levels and regions. No changes were found in alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity. Additionally, CD36 protein expression was increased at the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs following PPARγ-activation compared to placebo and control groups. Systemic 6-OHDA decreased adrenal medulla expression of catecholamine producing enzymes (TH and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) and circulating levels of norepinephrine, which were attenuated by PPARγ-activation. Overall, these results validate in vivo PET findings of cardiac sympathetic innervation, oxidative stress, and inflammation and illustrate cardiomyocyte CD36 upregulation as a marker of PPARγ target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M. Metzger
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Helen N. Matsoff
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Alexandra D. Zinnen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Fleddermann
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Viktoriya Bondarenko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Colleen F. Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Marina E. Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Deng W, Guan G, Xiao C, Qu G, Xue J, Qin C, Han H, Wang Y. Construction of a comprehensive observer-based scale assessing aging-related health and functioning in captive rhesus macaques. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6892-6903. [PMID: 31498777 PMCID: PMC6756902 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related health and functioning are difficult to quantify in humans and nonhuman primates. We constructed an observer-based scale for daily application in assessing the aging-related health and functioning of rhesus macaques. Ten items referring to an aging appearance, musculoskeletal aging and aging-related eating behavior were selected through a panel consensus. The Aging-related Health and Functioning Scale (AHFS) was constructed based on these scored items form 57 healthy rhesus macaques. High reliability of the AHFS was shown based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.877). The structure of the AHFS was validated by three exploratory factors. The largest factor, whose four components were dietary uptake, iliac muscle mass, hair condition and fragility, and sex, explained 50.5% of the variation in aging-related health and functioning scores. The second factor, involving age, tooth loss and tooth wear, explained 15.5% of the variation. The lowest-ranking factor comprised only facial redness and accounted for 10% of the variation. A hierarchical cluster analysis validated the good applicability of the scale in distinct samples. From these scale-scored results, complicated aging phenomena observed in humans, including the sex-survival paradox and the calorie-related health-survival paradox, were both demonstrated in rhesus macaques. Therefore, the AHFS provides a valuable approach for aging-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjin Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Leung ET, Raboin MJ, McKelvey J, Graham A, Lewis A, Prongay K, Cohen AM, Vinson A. Modelling disease risk for amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis in non-human primates using machine learning. Amyloid 2019; 26:139-147. [PMID: 31210531 PMCID: PMC6667354 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1625038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is found in humans and non-human primates, but quantifying disease risk prior to clinical symptoms is challenging. We applied machine learning to identify the best predictors of amyloidosis in rhesus macaques from available clinical and pathology records. To explore potential biomarkers, we also assessed whether changes in circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) or lipoprotein profiles accompany the disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using 86 cases and 163 controls matched for age and sex. We performed data reduction on 62 clinical, pathological and demographic variables, and applied multivariate modelling and model selection with cross-validation. To test the performance of our final model, we applied it to a replication cohort of 2,775 macaques. Results: The strongest predictors of disease were colitis, gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, endometriosis, arthritis, trauma, diarrhoea and number of pregnancies. Sensitivity and specificity of the risk model were predicted to be 82%, and were assessed at 79 and 72%, respectively. Total, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower, and SAA levels and triglyceride-to-HDL ratios were significantly higher in cases versus controls. Conclusion: Machine learning is a powerful approach to identifying macaques at risk of AA amyloidosis, which is accompanied by increased circulating SAA and altered lipoprotein profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Leung
- Div. of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dept. of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael J. Raboin
- Primate Genetics Section, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Jessica McKelvey
- Div. of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Adam Graham
- Div. of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Anne Lewis
- Div. of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Kamm Prongay
- Div. of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Aaron M. Cohen
- Div. of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dept. of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amanda Vinson
- Div. of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dept. of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Primate Genetics Section, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
- Div. of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
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49
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Noninvasive spinal neuromodulation to map and augment lower urinary tract function in rhesus macaques. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113033. [PMID: 31400304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract (LUT) is prevalent in neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative conditions. Common symptoms include urgency, incontinence, and urinary retention. Recent advances in neuromodulation have resulted in improved treatments for overactive bladder symptoms of urgency, frequency, and nocturia. However, there are presently no treatments available for the induction of voiding to overcome urinary retention. We demonstrate that transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS), a non-invasive intervention, applied over the thoracolumbar spine in neurologically intact rhesus macaques can activate the LUT, including activation of the bladder detrusor muscle, the urethral sphincter and pelvic floor muscles. Urodynamic studies show improved voiding efficiency and decreased post-voiding residual volumes in the bladder, while maintaining coordinated activity in the detrusor and sphincter with physiologic detrusor peak pressure, contraction duration, and urine flow rate remaining unchanged. We conclude that TSCS may represent a novel approach to activate the LUT and enable voiding in select neurological conditions.
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50
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Salleng KJ, Apple TM, Yu ENZ, Himmel LE. Spontaneous pulmonary adenocarcinoma and subcutaneous cavernous hemangiomas arising in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). J Med Primatol 2019; 48:374-377. [PMID: 31148179 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Benign and malignant pulmonary tumors have been reported in both Old World and New World monkeys but are uncommon. Hemangiomas are also rarely reported in nonhuman primates. Here we present a case of two primary neoplasms (a papillary adenocarcinoma of bronchioloalveolar origin and multiple cavernous subcutaneous hemangiomas) arising in an aged squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Salleng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Troy M Apple
- Office of Animal Welfare Assurance, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Erin N Z Yu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lauren E Himmel
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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