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Ciammaichella L, Sabattini S, Del Magno S, Renzi A, Cola V, Zanardi S, Agnoli C, Marconato L. Reassigned surgical margins after neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in low local recurrence in dogs with mast cell tumours. Vet Rec 2024:e4595. [PMID: 39262039 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is delivered before surgery to allow less extensive tumour resection, but the optimal surgical margin width after NAC is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of reassigned margins on local recurrence after NAC in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted for dogs with MCTs undergoing NAC consisting of vinblastine and prednisolone, subsequent tumour resection and lymphadenectomy, and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Surgical margins were reassigned based on the size of the MCT after NAC. Pre- and post-NAC measurements of MCTs were recorded. The margin status was assessed with a combined radial and tangential sectioning technique; pre-NAC MCT cytograde and lymph node (LN) cytological status were compared with the Kiupel grade and Weishaar stage, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-two dogs were included. MCT shrinkage after NAC consistently occurred, with a median reduction rate of 40.4% (range 5%-94.5%). Margins were complete in 15 of 22 dogs, and two MCTs and three LNs appeared histologically downgraded and downstaged, respectively. Two (9.1%) MCTs recurred. LIMITATIONS The limitations of this study were the small sample size and relatively short follow-up. CONCLUSION NAC leads to shrinkage of canine MCTs, with the resulting reassigned surgical margins being associated with a low recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ciammaichella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Renzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Cola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zanardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Hammerton R, Goodfellow M, Das S. Primary preputial reconstruction following surgical excision of cutaneous mast cell tumours without penile amputation in eight dogs. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:148-154. [PMID: 38324991 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2024.2308807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY Medical records from a single referral hospital (Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK) were reviewed to identify dogs (n = 8) with preputial cutaneous mast cell tumours (CMCT) that underwent surgical excision and primary preputial reconstruction, preserving the penis and urethra, after clients declined alternatives such as penile amputation and urethrostomy, from June 2017-June 2022. CLINICAL FINDINGS Tumours had a median diameter of 21.5 (min 15, max 30) mm, were located cranioventrally (3/8), caudoventrally (1/8), laterally (2/8) and dorsally (2/8) relative to the prepuce and were diagnosed as CMCT based on cytology. No dogs had hepatic or splenic metastasis on cytology but inguinal lymph node metastasis was identified in 3/4 dogs sampled. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The owners of all dogs had declined penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy. The CMCT were excised and primary reconstruction of the prepuce performed. Surgical lateral margins of 10, 20 or 30 mm were used and the deep margin excised the inner preputial lamina or underlying muscular fascia. The deep margin for caudoventral CMCT involved excision of the underlying SC adipose tissue. Preputial advancement was performed in 3/8 dogs to achieve adequate penile coverage. Histopathology confirmed all CMCT were Kiupel low grade, Patnaik grade II with complete margins in 6/8 dogs but identified metastasis only in one inguinal lymph node from one dog. Two dogs encountered minor complications (infection and a minor dehiscence) and one dog had a major complication (infection with major dehiscence). Median follow-up duration was 125 weeks, excluding one dog with 4 weeks of follow-up. None of the dogs experienced local recurrence or died of mast cell disease during the available follow-up period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This clinical study evaluated a surgical alternative to penile amputation and advanced reconstructive techniques for Kuipel low/Patnaik grade II preputial CMCT when these procedures were declined by owners. Surgical excision of preputial CMCT with lateral margins of 10, 20 or 30 mm with primary preputial reconstruction is achievable with low morbidity and a good outcome when penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy is not an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hammerton
- Soft Tissue Surgery Department, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK
| | - M Goodfellow
- Oncology Department, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK
| | - S Das
- Soft Tissue Surgery Department, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK
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Fischer BM, Kessler M, Braus BK. Eyelid and conjunctival mast cell tumors: A retrospective study of 26 dogs and 8 cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:256-265. [PMID: 37902116 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe clinical and histologic characteristics of eyelid (LMCT) and conjunctival (CMCT) mast cell tumors in dogs and cats presented to a referral clinic in Germany. ANIMAL STUDIED Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs and cats diagnosed with LMCTs or CMCTs between 2006 and 2020. RESULTS LMCT were diagnosed in 31 patients and were cutaneous (n = 28; 20 dogs and 8 cats) or subcutaneous (three dogs). Five cases involved the mucocutaneous junction (four dogs, one cat). CMCTs occurred only in dogs (n = 3). At the time of presentation two of the four canine LMCT cases involving the mucocutaneous junction had metastasized to a mandibular lymph node. When applying the Kiupel system, both these cases were categorized as high grade. 85.7% (18/21) of the canine (19 cutaneous and 2 subcutaneous) LMCT and all CMCT cases were categorized as Kiupel low grade. No local recurrences occurred in all LMCT cases in which clean surgical margins were obtained (n = 18, mean surgical margin width: dogs 9.4 mm, cats 3.8 mm). Two cats (2/4) and four dogs (4/7) with questionable or incomplete surgical margins experienced local recurrences (mean time to recurrence of 180 and 637 days in dogs and cats, respectively). CONCLUSION Recurrence of low-grade LMCTs and CMCTs following excision with clean margins is rare. Tumors involving the mucocutaneous junction may be of higher grade and prone to lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta M Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
| | - Martin Kessler
- Department of Oncology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
| | - Barbara K Braus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
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Yang NY, Zheng HH, Yu C, Ye Y, Xie GH. Diagnosis of Canine Tumours and the Value of Combined Detection of VEGF, P53, SF and NLRP3 for the Early Diagnosis of Canine Mammary Carcinoma. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1272. [PMID: 38731276 PMCID: PMC11083559 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The average life of a dog is generally maintained at ten to fifteen years, and tumours are the predominant reason that leads to the death of dogs, especially canine mammary carcinoma. Therefore, early diagnosis of tumours is very important. In this study, tumor size, morphology, and texture could be seen through general clinical examination, tumor metastasis could be seen through imaging examination, inflammatory reactions could be seen through hematological examination, and abnormal cell morphology could be seen through cytological and histopathological examination. In the 269 malignant cases and 179 benign cases, we randomly selected 30 cases each, and an additional 30 healthy dogs were selected for the experiment (healthy dogs: dogs in good physical condition without any tumor or other diseases). We used RT-qPCR and ELISA to determine the relative expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor protein P53 (P53), serum ferritin (SF), and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in 30 healthy dogs, 30 dogs with benign mammary tumours, and 30 dogs with malignant mammary tumours. In the results, the same expression trend was obtained both in serum and tissues, and the expression of the four markers was the highest in malignant mammary tumours, with highly significant differences compared with the benign and healthy/paracancerous groups. By plotting the ROC curves, it was found that the results of combined tests were better than a single test and the combination of the four markers was the best for the early diagnosis. In conclusion, this can assist the clinical early diagnosis to a certain extent, and also provides some references and assistance for the development of tumor detection kits in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China; (N.-Y.Y.); (H.-H.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China; (N.-Y.Y.); (H.-H.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China; (N.-Y.Y.); (H.-H.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yan Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China; (N.-Y.Y.); (H.-H.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Guang-Hong Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China; (N.-Y.Y.); (H.-H.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.Y.)
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Sabattini S, Brocanelli A, Zaccone R, Faroni E, Renzi A, Ciammaichella L, Bettini G, Marconato L. The 2-tier grading system identifies canine cutaneous and/or subcutaneous mast cell tumors with aggressive biological behavior regardless of growth model. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241240443. [PMID: 38577816 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241240443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) has prognostic and therapeutic implications, yet validation for subcutaneous MCTs (scMCTs) is lacking. For scMCTs with or without dermal invasion, determining their biological behavior remains poorly standardized and sometimes sparks controversy. This prospective study aimed to assess the prognostic utility of the 2-tier histologic grading system in MCTs with different growth models (GMs) and explore the prognostic impact of the GM itself. We assessed 6 histologic GM categories: solely cMCT (C-SC0), cMCT with superficial (C-SC1) or deep subcutaneous (C-SC2) involvement, solely scMCT (SC-C0), and scMCT with deep (SC-C1) or superficial (SC-C2) infiltration of the dermis. Ninety-one MCTs from 76 dogs undergoing excision and regional/sentinel lymphadenectomy were examined. GM classification identified 11 (12%) C-SC0 tumors, 12 (13%) C-SC1, 15 (16%) C-SC2, 21 (23%) SC-C0, 15 (16%) SC-C1, and 17 (19%) SC-C2. Mitotic count, 2-tier grade, nodal involvement, surgical margins, and outcome were stratified according to GM. scMCTs lacking dermal invasion, historically associated with a benign clinical course, had a poor prognosis in 10% of cases. cMCTs exhibiting deep subcutaneous involvement included the largest percentage of high-grade tumors (33%), had the highest occurrence of overt nodal metastases (33%), and had the lowest 1-year survival rate (86%). Histologic grade was confirmed as a relevant prognostic factor, surpassing nodal involvement and histologic margin status. The 2-tier histologic grading enabled the identification of all MCTs with aggressive biological behavior, regardless of their cutaneous or subcutaneous location.
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Vilfan M, Lampreht Tratar U, Milevoj N, Nemec Svete A, Čemažar M, Serša G, Tozon N. Comparison of Nucleosome, Ferritin and LDH Levels in Blood with Clinical Response before and after Electrochemotherapy Combined with IL-12 Gene Electrotransfer for the Treatment of Mast Cell Tumours in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:438. [PMID: 38338081 PMCID: PMC10854863 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) in combination with the gene electrotransfer of interleukin 12 (IL-12 GET) has been successfully used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of mast cell tumours (MCT), but the biomarkers that could predict response to this treatment have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma nucleosome and serum ferritin concentrations, as well as the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, in the serum of treated patients before and one and six months after treatment to evaluate their utility as potential biomarkers that could predict response to the combined treatment. The study was conducted in 48 patients with a total of 86 MCTs that we treated with the combined treatment. The blood samples used for analysing the potential predictive biomarkers were taken before treatment and one and six months after treatment, when the response to treatment was also assessed. The Nu. Q® Vet Cancer Test, the Canine Ferritin ELISA Kit, and the RX Daytona+ automated biochemical analyser were used to analyse the blood samples. The results showed that the plasma nucleosome concentration (before treatment (BT): 32.84 ng/mL (median); one month after treatment (1 M AT): 58.89 ng/mL (median); p = 0.010) and serum LDH activity (BT: 59.75 U/L (median); 1 M AT: 107.5 U/L (median); p = 0.012) increased significantly one month after treatment and that the increase correlated significantly with the presence of a more pronounced local reaction (necrosis, swelling, etc.) at that time point for both markers (nucleosome: BT (necrosis): 21.61 ng/mL (median); 1 M AT (necrosis): 69.92 ng/mL (median), p = 0.030; LDH: BT (necrosis): 54.75 U/L (median); 1 M AT (necrosis): 100.3 U/L (median), p = 0.048). Therefore, both the plasma nucleosome concentration and serum LDH activity could serve as early indicators of the effect of the treatment. In this context, the serum ferritin concentration showed no significant predictive potential for treatment response (p > 0.999 for all comparisons). In conclusion, this study provides some new and important observations on the use of predictive biomarkers in veterinary oncology. Furthermore, it emphasises the need for the continued identification and validation of potential predictive biomarkers in dogs with MCT and other malignancies undergoing ECT treatment in combination with IL-12 GET to ultimately improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Vilfan
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (U.L.T.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Urša Lampreht Tratar
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (U.L.T.); (A.N.S.)
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Č.); (G.S.)
| | - Nina Milevoj
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (U.L.T.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (U.L.T.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Maja Čemažar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Č.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Č.); (G.S.)
| | - Nataša Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (U.L.T.); (A.N.S.)
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Marouda C, Anagnostou T, Brunetti B, Savvas I, Papazoglou LG, Psalla D. Cutaneous Canine Mast Cell Tumor: The Use of Proliferative Markers (Ki-67 and Ki-67 × AgNOR) in Cytological Samples for Diagnosis and Prognosis. Vet Sci 2024; 11:23. [PMID: 38250929 PMCID: PMC10821150 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A cytological grading system for canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) has been developed, but its integration into clinical routine has been hindered due to its diagnostic limitations. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of Ki-67 and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR) markers in cytological MCT samples and to determine cut-off values for these markers in correlation with histopathological grading. Cytological samples were collected prior to surgical excision, and histopathological samples were obtained postsurgery from 45 dogs diagnosed with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs). The cytological specimens were classified using a two-tier grading system, and their Ki-67 (average immunopositive nuclei per 100 cells) and AgNOR (average AgNOR counts per 100 nuclei) signaling was assessed. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, cut-off values for Ki-67 and Ki-67 × AgNOR were determined to better align with histopathological grading (classified as low or high grade according to Kiupel's scoring system). Without the inclusion of proliferative markers, there was a 73% agreement between cytological and histopathological grading. The prediction of histopathological grade was slightly more accurate when assessing Ki-67 and Ki-67 × AgNOR signaling in cytological specimens (75% and 80%, respectively) compared to the initial cytological grading. The cytological assessment of canine MCTs proves beneficial for the initial evaluation, and the incorporation of the evaluation of Ki-67 and AgNOR markers may assist in identifying diagnostically highly malignant MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Marouda
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tilemahos Anagnostou
- Unit of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ioannis Savvas
- Unit of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lysimachos G. Papazoglou
- Unit of Surgery and Obstetrics, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Marconato L, Stefanello D, Solari Basano F, Faroni E, Dacasto M, Giantin M, Bettini G, Aresu L, Bonfanti U, Bertazzolo W, Annoni M, Lecchi C, Sabattini S. Subcutaneous mast cell tumours: A prospective multi-institutional clinicopathological and prognostic study of 43 dogs. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e2991. [PMID: 37224084 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumours (ScMCTs) reportedly have a good prognosis. However, biomarkers that can be used to predict outcome are currently limited. METHODS A multicentre prospective study was conducted to identify new prognostic markers. Dogs with a first occurrence of ScMCT were enrolled upon primary tumour removal and regional lymphadenectomy. In the absence of metastasis, dogs were monitored, while dogs with overtly metastatic lymph nodes (histological node 3, HN3) received adjuvant vinblastine. RESULTS Forty-three dogs were enrolled: 15 (34.9%) had at least one HN3 lymph node and received vinblastine, and 28 (65.1%) were monitored. Three tumours harboured exon 8 and 9 c-kit mutations. Eight (18.6%) dogs experienced tumour progression, and five (11.6%) died of MCT-related causes. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 90% and 77%, respectively. Variables significantly associated with an increased risk of progression included high cytograde, a mitotic count (MC) greater than 4/10 high-power fields (hpf) and Ki67-index greater than 23. An MC greater than 4/10 hpf was also associated with an increased risk of tumour-related death. LIMITATIONS Regional rather than sentinel lymphadenectomy was performed in these dogs. Dogs were enrolled in oncology referral centres, constituting a different population compared to previous studies. CONCLUSIONS ScMCTs have a good prognosis. However, the metastatic rate at admission was higher in this study than previously reported, and a subset of tumours were associated with a fatal outcome despite multimodal treatment. Proliferative activity and cytograding may predict more aggressive behaviour in ScMCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Faroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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9
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Peaston A. What clinicopathological factors predict prognosis for canine subcutaneous mast cell tumours? Vet Rec 2023; 193:31-33. [PMID: 37417510 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Peaston
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Krimer PM. Inclusion of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils in the cytologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:464-466. [PMID: 36451516 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Krimer
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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11
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Paes PRO, Horta RS. Response to letter regarding "inclusion of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils in the cytologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors". Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:467. [PMID: 36451519 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo S Horta
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Krane GA, Shockley KR, Malarkey DE, Miller AD, Miller CR, Tokarz DA, Jensen HL, Janardhan KS, Breen M, Mariani CL. Inter-pathologist agreement on diagnosis, classification and grading of canine glioma. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:881-889. [PMID: 35856268 PMCID: PMC9795880 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological evaluation of tumours is a subjective process, but studies of inter-pathologist agreement are uncommon in veterinary medicine. The Comparative Brain Tumour Consortium (CBTC) recently published diagnostic criteria for canine gliomas. Our objective was to assess the degree of inter-pathologist agreement on intracranial canine gliomas, utilising the CBTC diagnostic criteria in a cohort of eighty-five samples from dogs with an archival diagnosis of intracranial glioma. Five pathologists independently reviewed H&E and immunohistochemistry sections and provided a diagnosis and grade. Percentage agreement and kappa statistics were calculated to measure inter-pathologist agreement between pairs and amongst the entire group. A consensus diagnosis of glioma subtype and grade was achieved for 71/85 (84%) cases. For these cases, percentage agreement on combined diagnosis (subtype and grade), subtype only and grade only were 66%, 80% and 82%, respectively. Kappa statistics for the same were 0.466, 0.542 and 0.516, respectively. Kappa statistics for oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma and undefined glioma were 0.585, 0.566 and 0.280 and were 0.516 for both low-grade and high-grade tumours. Kappa statistics amongst pairs of pathologists for combined diagnosis varied from 0.352 to 0.839. 8 % of archival oligodendrogliomas and 61% of archival astrocytomas were reclassified as another entity after review. Inter-pathologist agreement utilising CBTC guidelines for canine glioma was moderate overall but varied from fair to almost perfect between pairs of pathologists. Agreement was similar for oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas but lower for undefined gliomas. These results are similar to pathologist agreement in human glioma studies and with other tumour entities in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Krane
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA,Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro‐Oncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA,Present address:
ModernaCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Keith R. Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - David E. Malarkey
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Debra A. Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology LaboratoriesResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Heather L. Jensen
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kyathanahalli S. Janardhan
- Integrated Laboratory SystemsResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA,Present address:
MerckWest PointPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christopher L. Mariani
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro‐Oncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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13
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Brown GK, Finlay JR, Straw RC, Ziea JY, Leung B, O'Connell K, Thomson MJ, Campbell JE, Jones PD, Reddell P. Treatment of multiple synchronous canine mast cell tumours using intratumoural tigilanol tiglate. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1003165. [PMID: 36387404 PMCID: PMC9643212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1003165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are common canine skin neoplasia. While they generally occur as single tumours, multiple synchronous MCTs (msMCTs) of de novo/non-metastatic origin are reported in a proportion of the patient population. Where there is no evidence of metastasis or lymphatic spread, MCTs are effectively controlled by surgery and other local therapies. However, treatment of de novo msMCTs can be more challenging, especially when they occur in surgically difficult locations. Here, we report the use of tigilanol tiglate, a novel small molecule registered as a veterinary pharmaceutical for the local treatment of non-metastatic MCTs, in the treatment of patients with msMCTs presenting at three Australian specialist referral centres. We also present a meta-analysis of the literature to provide a better understanding of the prevalence of canine msMCTs. Notably, nine patients with a total of 32 MCTs were treated during the study. A complete response was recorded in 26 (81%) of the individual MCTs on Day 28 after a single tigilanol tiglate injection. Of the 6 initially non-responsive MCTs, one achieved a complete response after a further tigilanol tiglate treatment. A complete response was reported at 6 months in all 22 of the tumours that were evaluable and that had recorded a complete response at Day 84. For the literature meta-analysis, 22 studies were found with prevalence estimates of msMCTs ranging from 3 to 40%; when combined, these studies yielded 3,745 patients with a prevalence of 13% (95% CI 10; 16). Overall, the results demonstrate the utility of intratumoural tigilanol tiglate as an option for the treatment of multiple MCTs where multiple surgical resections would have been required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodney C. Straw
- Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, The Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Albany Creek, QLD, Australia
| | - Joy Y. Ziea
- Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, The Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Albany Creek, QLD, Australia
| | - Becky Leung
- Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, The Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Albany Creek, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Reddell
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
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14
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De Bonis A, Collivignarelli F, Paolini A, Falerno I, Rinaldi V, Tamburro R, Bianchi A, Terragni R, Gianfelici J, Frescura P, Dolce G, Pagni E, Bucci R, Vignoli M. Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping with Indirect Lymphangiography for Canine Mast Cell Tumour. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090484. [PMID: 36136700 PMCID: PMC9503988 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mast cell tumour (MCT) is a common cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasia in dogs. Recent studies describe that sentinel lymph node (SLN) assessment is more specific to stage MCT, while regional lymph node (RLN) evaluation is not as specific. SNL is the first site of drainage of a tumour and the first metastatic site in several tumours. The study aims to evaluate the SLN drainage mapping of MCT with indirect lymphography in dogs. The second objective of the study is to compare the SLN to the RLN. Survey radiographs followed by an indirect lymphography were obtained for SLN mapping. Twenty-six dogs with 29 MCTs were included. SLNs were detectable in 26 MCTs and radiographic indirect lymphangiography with Lipiodol was able to detect at least one SLN in 90% of MCTs in dogs. In conclusion, radiographic indirect lymphangiography with Lipiodol is a feasible technique to map SLNs and its draining system in MCTs. The lymph drainage pattern of the MCTs may be different for each MCT and more than one SLN can be involved. Abstract Mast cell tumour (MCT) is a common cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasia in dogs. It can metastasise to lymph nodes (LNs), and this adversely affects the prognosis and treatment. The study aims to evaluate the SLN mapping of MCTs with radiographic indirect lymphography. Dogs that underwent clinical staging were prospectively enrolled. Lipiodol was injected around the MCT or the surgical scar. After 24 h, LNs that picked up contrast were radiographically assessed. Twenty-six dogs with 29 MCTs were included. MCTs were confirmed histologically, while SLNs were evaluated either by cytology and/or histology. SLNs were detectable in 23 dogs with 26 MCTs. Lymphatic vessels were visible in 19 MCTs. In nine MCTs, at least two SLNs picked up contrast. In particular, seven MCTs involved two SLNs, and two MCTs involved three different SLNs. In nine MCTs, at least a SLN was metastatic. This study indicates that the lymph drainage pattern of the MCTs may be different for each MCT, and more than one SLN can be involved. Indirect lymphangiography with Lipiodol allowed the detection of the SLN in 90% of MCTs. This provided clinically relevant information to remove the LN and stage the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Bonis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.B.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Andrea Paolini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilaria Falerno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Valentina Rinaldi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Amanda Bianchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Dolce
- Policlinico Veterinario Roma Sud, 00173 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Bucci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo Vignoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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15
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Paes PRO, Horta RS, Luza LC, Pierezan F, Costa MP, Lavalle GE. Inclusion of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils in the cytologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:339-348. [PMID: 35419864 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts and/or collagen fibrils have not been included in previous cytologic grading schemes of canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), and their association with biological behavior is broadly debated. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the cytologic findings of canine MCT, with emphasis on the microenvironment, and propose a novel cytologic grading system correlated with mortality and histologic grade. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cytology smears of canine cutaneous MCTs were retrospectively reviewed and compared with their histopathologic counterparts using Cohen´s Kappa test. One-year survival rates were also compared with the cytologic and histopathologic variables using Pearson´s correlation test. RESULTS From 92 first-occurrence canine cutaneous MCTs, the five features most associated with mortality were selected for a new grading system. The five features were cytoplasmic granulation, fibroblast and/or collagen fibril concentrations, and the presence of mitotic figures, multinucleation, and karyomegaly. Among concordant histopathologic and cytologic cases (ie, the same grades using both systems), mortality rates were 2.6% (1/38) for low-grade and 71.4% (10/14) for high-grade cases (P < 0.001, chi-square). For false-negative and false-positive results, mortality rates were 33% (1/3) and 45% (5/11), respectively (P = 0.707). CONCLUSIONS Unlike the Camus cytologic grading system, the present amendment excluded binucleation and included fibroblasts and/ or collagen fibrils, which in higher concentrations were associated with increased survival and a low histopathologic grade. Cytologic grading with the inclusion of fibroblast and collagen fibril concentrations correlated with survival, as did the Camus cytologic and Kiupel histopathologic grades; however, further studies are needed to confirm the prognostic value of this novel cytologic grading scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R O Paes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Horta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludimila C Luza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gleidice E Lavalle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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16
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Januário EV, Melo SR, Maria DA, Lorigados CAB, Ambrósio AM, Kogika MM, Cogliati B, Shimozako HJ, Matera JM. Tolerability and Effects of 2-Aminoethyl Dihydrogen Phosphate in Dogs With Mast Cell Tumors. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:898077. [PMID: 35903136 PMCID: PMC9315353 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.898077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mast cell tumor is a malignant neoplasm, and a gold standard treatment remains to be determined despite the proposed chemotherapies or other therapies in dogs. This study aimed to determine therapeutic, adverse effects and toxicity, tumor-free, and overall survival times of 10 dogs with surgically excised mast cell tumors evaluated by histopathological/immunohistochemistry and treated with four weekly intravenous administrations of 2-Aminoethyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (70 mg/kg) as adjuvant therapy. No adverse events were noted. Laboratory changes were limited (p < 0.05) in red blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet counts. Mean tumor-free and overall survival were 599.1 ± 469 and 755.5 ± 423.5 days, respectively. In conclusion, 2-Aminoethyl Dihydrogen Phosphate administration was safe in dogs. However, 2-Aminoethyl Dihydrogen Phosphate was not sufficiently effective to prevent a recurrence, new tumor, or metastasis of canine mast cell tumors with poor immunohistochemical prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vieira Januário
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Eric Vieira Januário
| | - Samanta Rios Melo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Durvanei Augusto Maria
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Institute Butantan, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Magalhães Ambrósio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Mery Kogika
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Maria Matera
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Τhe Effect of Opioid Administration on Cytologic and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors Treated by Surgical Excision. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050202. [PMID: 35622730 PMCID: PMC9143400 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is a frequent cutaneous tumor in dogs, with a variable biological behavior. Studies correlate cytologic and histopathologic features of MCTs with their biological behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment. The use of preoperative opioids is common in canine patients undergoing surgical removal of these tumors. Certain opioids can induce or downregulate mast cell degranulation and influence cancer progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the administration of morphine or butorphanol during surgical excision of canine cutaneous MCTs affects their cytologic and histopathologic appearance, thus influencing cytologic and histopathologic grading. This was a prospective, blinded, randomized, cohort clinical study. Forty-five dogs with cutaneous MCTs were randomly allocated into three groups according to preanaesthetic medication: dexmedetomidine combined with morphine (group M) or butorphanol (group B) or normal saline (group C). Cytologic specimens and histopathologic samples were obtained both prior to and after surgery. Samples were graded according to Kiupel’s and Patnaik’s systems, examined immunohistochemically for Ki-67 protein (Ki-67) and c-kit proto-oncogene product (KIT) expression, and histochemically for argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNORs). Based on both Kiupel’s and Patnaik’s systems, no statistically significant differences were noted concerning the number of cases with grading discrepancies in grades allocated prior to versus after surgery among the groups. The same applied for cytological grading and immunohistochemical and histochemical evaluation. It seems that administration of morphine or butorphanol as part of the preanesthetic medication for surgical removal of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors does not influence histopathologic and cytologic grading of MCTs.
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18
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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19
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Mickelson MA. Updated Concepts in Oncologic Surgery: Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma and Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:549-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Willmann M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Marconato L, Dacasto M, Hadzijusufovic E, Hermine O, Sadovnik I, Gamperl S, Schneeweiss-Gleixner M, Gleixner KV, Böhm T, Peter B, Eisenwort G, Moriggl R, Li Z, Jawhar M, Sotlar K, Jensen-Jarolim E, Sexl V, Horny HP, Galli SJ, Arock M, Vail DM, Kiupel M, Valent P. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:755258. [PMID: 34957277 PMCID: PMC8702826 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The clinical picture, course, and prognosis vary substantially among patients, depending on the anatomic site, grade and stage of the disease. The most frequently involved organ is the skin, followed by hematopoietic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) and mucosal sites of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. In cutaneous mast cell tumors, several grading and staging systems have been introduced. However, no comprehensive classification and no widely accepted diagnostic criteria have been proposed to date. To address these open issues and points we organized a Working Conference on canine mast cell neoplasms in Vienna in 2019. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized in this article. The proposed classification includes cutaneous mast cell tumors and their sub-variants defined by grading- and staging results, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL). For each of these entities, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Moreover, we have refined grading and staging criteria for mast cell neoplasms in dogs based on consensus discussion. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should greatly facilitate diagnostic evaluation and prognostication in dogs with mast cell neoplasms and should thereby support management of these patients in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Michael Willmann
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Imagine Institute Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, CEREMAST, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Schneeweiss-Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V. Gleixner
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Böhm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David M. Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Bellamy E, Berlato D. Canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours: a review. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:497-511. [PMID: 34671978 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours are common neoplasms in the dog. While the majority can be treated with adequate local therapy alone, a subset demonstrates a biologically aggressive behaviour associated with local recurrence or metastasis. This article reviews the diagnosis and tumour staging of canine mast cell tumours alongside treatment options and the evidence supporting their use. In addition, prognostic markers are evaluated to highlight how one can recognise mast cell tumours that may behave in a biologically aggressive manner as well as the challenges of tumours that are large, infiltrative or in locations not amenable to wide surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bellamy
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - D Berlato
- AniCura AOI Center AG, Hünenberg, 6331, Switzerland
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22
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Sabattini S, Kiupel M, Finotello R, Stefanello D, Faroni E, Bertazzolo W, Bonfanti U, Rigillo A, Del Magno S, Foglia A, Aresu L, Gambini M, Caniatti M, Marconato L. A retrospective study on prophylactic regional lymphadenectomy versus nodal observation only in the management of dogs with stage I, completely resected, low-grade cutaneous mast cell tumors. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:331. [PMID: 34649575 PMCID: PMC8518262 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While lymphadenectomy of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) has been associated with improved outcome, the clinical utility of prophylactic lymphadenectomy in dogs with stage I cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) remains a controversial topic. To assess the therapeutic role of lymphadenectomy of uninvolved regional LNs, the long-term outcome of cMCT-bearing dogs with cytologically negative and surgically unresected regional LNs (observation only, OO) was compared with that of dogs with surgically resected and histologically negative regional LNs (prophylactic regional lymphadenectomy, PRL). RESULTS A retrospective analysis of 64 dogs with a low-grade, completely resected stage I cMCT was performed: 35 (54.7%) dogs were subjected to OO and 29 (45.3%) underwent PRL. Dogs were monitored for a median of 813 and 763 days in the OO group and PRL group, respectively. The number of dogs undergoing MCT progression was significantly higher in the OO group (P = 0.028) and curve comparison revealed a tendency to a better time to progression in the PRL group (P = 0.058). No significant difference in survival time (P = 0.294) was observed between dogs in the OO and PRL groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that lack of immediate lymphadenectomy was associated with a higher risk for tumor progression. This preliminary judgement, reinforced by the findings that lymphadenectomy was well tolerated in all cases, and that histopathology provides the definitive assessment of the nodal pathological status, may suggest that prophylactic lymphadenectomy is indicated in the management of stage I MCTs. Larger prospective studies are warranted for generating clinical evidence of this latter hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, East Lansing, USA
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | | | - Eugenio Faroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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23
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Brown GK, Campbell JE, Jones PD, De Ridder TR, Reddell P, Johannes CM. Intratumoural Treatment of 18 Cytologically Diagnosed Canine High-Grade Mast Cell Tumours With Tigilanol Tiglate. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:675804. [PMID: 34513966 PMCID: PMC8429927 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.675804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine high-grade mast cell tumours (HGMCT) are associated with a poor prognosis, are inherently more invasive, and have higher rates of local recurrence. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of intratumoural tigilanol tiglate (TT) as a local treatment option. Eighteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) cytologically diagnosed by veterinary pathologists as either high-grade or suspected high-grade MCT were treated with TT. The TT dose was based on tumour volume (0.5 mg TT/cm3 tumour volume) and delivered intratumourally using a Luer lock syringe and a fanning technique to maximise distribution throughout the tumour mass. Efficacy was assessed on the presence/absence of a complete response (CR) to therapy at days 28 and 84 using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST). For dogs not achieving a CR after 28 days, the protocol was repeated with a second intratumoural TT injection. Ten out of 18 dogs (56%) in this study achieved and maintained a CR to at least 84 days after their first or second treatment. Six patients were alive and available for evaluation at 2 years, three of those were recurrence free, and a further three patients were recurrence free following a second treatment cycle. Tigilanol tiglate shows efficacy for local treatment of HGMCT, with higher efficacy noted with a second injection if a CR was not achieved following the first treatment. In the event of treatment site recurrence (TSR), the tumour may be controlled with additional treatment cycles. Tigilanol tiglate provides an alternative local treatment approach to dogs with HGMCT that would either pose an unacceptable anaesthetic risk or the tumour location provides a challenge when attempting surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Reddell
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
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24
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Berlato D, Bulman-Fleming J, Clifford CA, Garrett L, Intile J, Jones P, Kamstock DA, Liptak JM, Pavuk A, Powell R, Rasotto R. Value, Limitations, and Recommendations for Grading of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors: A Consensus of the Oncology-Pathology Working Group. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:858-863. [PMID: 33888024 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211009785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary objectives of the Oncology Pathology Working Group (OPWG), a joint initiative of the Veterinary Cancer Society and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects and provide guidelines for oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through review of relevant peer-reviewed literature relative to a subgroup's particular focus. In this article, the authors provide a critical review of the current literature for grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, suggest guidelines for reporting, and provide recommendations for its clinical interpretation. The article mainly focuses on histologic grading, but relevant information on mitotic count and cytological grading are also discussed. This document represents the opinions of the working group and the authors but does not constitute a formal endorsement by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists or the Veterinary Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Intile
- 70727North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Pamela Jones
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Julius M Liptak
- VCA Canada-Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Jones E, Alawneh J, Thompson M, Allavena R. Association between case signalment and disease diagnosis in urinary bladder disease in Australian cats and dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:498-505. [PMID: 33797303 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211004008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder diseases are common in dogs and cats; however, there is little published work on urinary bladder disease in Australian pets. We identified pathology records of Australian dogs and cats with urinary bladder tissue submitted to the University of Queensland Veterinary Laboratory Service during 1994-2016 (n = 320). We described the proportion of bladder diseases in dogs and cats, and applied the less-commonly used logistic regression procedure to quantify associations between signalment variables and disease diagnosis that were evident using descriptive statistics alone. After preliminary analysis, both species were combined because of similar results. Spayed/castrated animals were 74% less likely to be diagnosed with cystitis compared with intact animals. Animals 4-11 y old were also at lower risk of being diagnosed with cystitis compared with younger or older animals. Male animals were at increased risk of neoplasia compared to females, which contrasts with reports from North America and Europe. There was increased risk for developing neoplasia with progressive age, with up to 20 times higher odds in the > 11-y age group. Logistic regression modeling provided unique insight into proportionate morbidity of urinary bladder diseases in Australian dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Alawneh
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.,Good Clinical Practice Research Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary Thompson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Avallone G, Rasotto R, Chambers JK, Miller AD, Behling-Kelly E, Monti P, Berlato D, Valenti P, Roccabianca P. Review of Histological Grading Systems in Veterinary Medicine. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:809-828. [PMID: 33769136 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor grading is a method to quantify the putative clinical aggressiveness of a neoplasm based on specific histological features. A good grading system should be simple, easy to use, reproducible, and accurately segregate tumors into those with low versus high risk. The aim of this review is to summarize the histological and, when available, cytological grading systems applied in veterinary pathology, providing information regarding their prognostic impact, reproducibility, usefulness, and shortcomings. Most of the grading schemes used in veterinary medicine are developed for common tumor entities. Grading systems exist for soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, multilobular tumor of bone, mast cell tumor, lymphoma, mammary carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and central nervous system tumors. The prognostic relevance of many grading schemes has been demonstrated, but for some tumor types the usefulness of grading remains controversial. Furthermore, validation studies are available only for a minority of the grading systems. Contrasting data on the prognostic power of some grading systems, lack of detailed instructions in the materials and methods in some studies, and lack of data on reproducibility and validation studies are discussed for the relevant grading systems. Awareness of the limitations of grading is necessary for pathologists and oncologists to use these systems appropriately and to drive initiatives for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary medical Sciences (DIMEVET), 9296University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | | | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, 43317Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathology, 43317Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Paola Monti
- 170851Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Davide Berlato
- 170851AniCura Animal Oncology and Imaging Center, Hünenberg, Switzerland
| | - Paola Valenti
- 534741Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, Samarate (VA), Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), 9304University of Milano, Lodi (LO), Italy
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27
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Akiyoshi M, Hisasue M, Neo S, Akiyoshi M. Precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia in a dog with a stage IV mast cell tumor and bone marrow infiltration. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:151-157. [PMID: 33655582 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year-old spayed female Shiba Inu dog was referred to our hospital for a suspected mast cell tumor (MCT) of the bone marrow (BM). Laboratory abnormalities included severe nonregenerative anemia (packed cell volume or PCV: 12.5%; reference interval (RI): 37.3-61.7%; reticulocytes: 35.1 × 103 /µL; RI: 10-110 × 103 /µL), and a few mast cells were visualized in the blood smear examination. The BM was hypercellular with hematopoietic cells, a decreased myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio (0.77; RI, 0.9-1.8), and no dysplastic hematopoietic cells. Mast cells accounted for 11.5% of the total nucleated BM cells. Neoplastic mast cells and histiocytes phagocytizing erythroid progenitor cells were occasionally noted. The dog was diagnosed with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) concurrent and a stage IV MCT infiltrating the BM. Multimodal treatment included toceranib, imatinib, vinblastine, lomustine (CCNU), prednisolone, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and a blood transfusion. The dog died due to MCT progression lasting 139 days after the initial BM examination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a dog presenting with PIMA and a stage IV MCT infiltrating the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Japan.,Akiyoshi Animal Clinic, Yamato City, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Japan
| | - Sakurako Neo
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Japan
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28
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Harrison BM, Loukopoulos P. Genomics and transcriptomics in veterinary oncology. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:336. [PMID: 33692868 PMCID: PMC7933772 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of the canine genome, combined with additional genomic technologies, has created opportunities for research linking veterinary genomics with naturally occurring cancer in dogs. Also, as numerous canine cancers have features in common with human cancers, comparative studies can be performed to evaluate the use of cancers in dogs as models for human cancer. There have been several reviews of veterinary genomics but, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature of canine cancer genomics. PubMed and CAB Abstracts databases were searched to retrieve relevant literature using the search terms ‘veterinary’, ‘cancer’ or ‘oncology’, and ‘genomics’ or ‘transcriptomics’. Results were manually assessed and grouped based on the techniques used, the cancer type investigated and genomic lesions targeted. The search resulted in the retrieval of 44 genomic and transcriptomic studies, with the most common technique employed being comparative genomic hybridization. Across both fields, the most commonly studied cancer type was canine osteosarcoma. Genomic and transcriptomic aberrations in canine cancer often reflected those reported in the corresponding human cancers. Analysis of the literature indicated that employing genomic and transcriptomic technologies has been instrumental in developing the understanding of the origin, development and pathogenesis of several canine cancers. However, their use in canine oncology is at an early phase, and there appears to be comparatively little understanding of certain canine cancer types in contrast to their human forms. Aberrations detected in all tumors were tabulated, and the results for osteosarcoma, lymphoma and leukemia, mast cell tumor, transmissible venereal tumor and urothelial carcinoma discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Marie Harrison
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Panayiotis Loukopoulos
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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29
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Casanova M, Branco S, Veiga IB, Barros A, Faísca P. Stereology in Grading and Prognosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:483-490. [PMID: 33576305 PMCID: PMC8064533 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820985138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) are currently graded according to Patnaik and Kiupel grading schemes. The qualitative and semiquantitative parameters applied in these schemes may lead to inter- and intraobserver variability. This study investigates the prognostic value of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (vv¯), a stereological estimation that provides information about nuclear size and its variability. vv¯ of 55 ccMCTs was estimated using the “point-sampled intercept” method and compared with histological grade and clinical outcome. The clinical history of dogs treated with surgical excision alone was available for 30 ccMCTs. Statistical differences in vv¯ were found between grade II (x¯ = 115 ± 29 µm3) and grade III ccMCTs (x ¯= 197 ± 63 µm3), as well as between low-grade (x ¯= 113 ± 28 µm3) and high-grade ccMCTs (x¯ = 184 ± 63 µm3). An optimal cutoff value of vv¯ ≥ 150 µm3 and vv¯ ≥ 140 µm3 was determined for grade III and high-grade ccMCTs, respectively. In terms of prognosis, vv¯ was not able to predict the clinical outcome in 42% of the cases; however, cases with vv¯ <125 µm3 had a favorable outcome. These results indicate that, despite having limited prognostic value when used as a solitary parameter, vv¯ is highly reproducible and is associated with histological grade as well as with benign behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Casanova
- 70904Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,70989Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - André Barros
- 70904Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- 70904Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,FMV-ULHT, Lisbon, Portugal.,DNATech, Lisbon, Portugal
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30
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Lapsley J, Selmic LE. Common Neoplastic Diseases Affecting the Forelimb. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:343-356. [PMID: 33446363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lameness, new swelling, or mass occurrence are the most common reasons for presentation when neoplasia affects the limbs. Tumors of the skin or subcutaneous tissues, joints, muscles, bones, or digits of the forelimb are reported. Diagnosis with fine needle aspiration or biopsy is necessary before treatment to allow staging, planning of treatment, and prognostication. The planning of surgical treatment of limb tumors is essential to maximize the chance of a complete resection on the first surgery, given that less skin is available for primary closure in subsequent revision or recurrence surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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31
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Donovan TA, Moore FM, Bertram CA, Luong R, Bolfa P, Klopfleisch R, Tvedten H, Salas EN, Whitley DB, Aubreville M, Meuten DJ. Mitotic Figures-Normal, Atypical, and Imposters: A Guide to Identification. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:243-257. [PMID: 33371818 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Counting mitotic figures (MF) in hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections is an integral part of the diagnostic pathologist's tumor evaluation. The mitotic count (MC) is used alone or as part of a grading scheme for assessment of prognosis and clinical decisions. Determining MCs is subjective, somewhat laborious, and has interobserver variation. Proposals for standardizing this parameter in the veterinary field are limited to terminology (use of the term MC) and area (MC is counted in an area measuring 2.37 mm2). Digital imaging techniques are now commonplace and widely used among veterinary pathologists, and field of view area can be easily calculated with digital imaging software. In addition to standardizing the methods of counting MF, the morphologic characteristics of MF and distinguishing atypical mitotic figures (AMF) versus mitotic-like figures (MLF) need to be defined. This article provides morphologic criteria for MF identification and for distinguishing normal phases of MF from AMF and MLF. Pertinent features of digital microscopy and application of computational pathology (CPATH) methods are discussed. Correct identification of MF will improve MC consistency, reproducibility, and accuracy obtained from manual (glass slide or whole-slide imaging) and CPATH approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pompei Bolfa
- 41635Ross University, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Harold Tvedten
- 8095Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Jones PD, Campbell JE, Brown G, Johannes CM, Reddell P. Recurrence-free interval 12 months after local treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs using intratumoral injection of tigilanol tiglate. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:451-455. [PMID: 33350511 PMCID: PMC7848364 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tigilanol tiglate (TT) is a novel small molecule approved by the European Medicines Agency for intratumoral treatment of mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs. In a randomized controlled clinical efficacy and safety study in the United States, 85 of 116 dogs that received a single TT injection achieved complete response (CR) of the treated MCT by day 28. Objective To evaluate the durability of the TT treatment response achieved at day 28 in the U.S. study by assessing MCT recurrence at the treatment site 6 and 12 months after TT administration. Animals Eighty‐five dogs previously treated with TT. Methods Dogs that achieved CR at day 28 were assessed retrospectively for the presence or absence of MCT at the treatment site using records from clinical visits and telephone interviews with owners. Dogs unavailable at an assessment time were considered lost‐to‐follow‐up and data for their last assessment used in the final analysis. Results By 12 months after TT treatment, 64 dogs remained evaluable, with 21 unavailable. Of evaluable patients, 57 (89%) remained tumor free at the treatment site and 7 (11%) had developed recurrence. All recurrences occurred within the first 6 months, predominantly (5/7, 71%) within the first 12 weeks. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Tigilanol tiglate provided a durable long‐term local response for the treatment of MCT in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Jones
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Graham Brown
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Paul Reddell
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
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33
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Abrams BE, Putterman AB, Ruple A, Wavreille V, Selmic LE. Variability in tumor margin reporting for soft tissue sarcoma and cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs: A systematic review. Vet Surg 2020; 50:259-272. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E. Abrams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Allison B. Putterman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Vincent Wavreille
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Laura E. Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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34
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Lapsley J, Hayes GM, Janvier V, Newman AW, Peters-Kennedy J, Balkman C, Sumner JP, Johnson P. Influence of locoregional lymph node aspiration cytology vs sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy on disease stage assignment in dogs with integumentary mast cell tumors. Vet Surg 2020; 50:133-141. [PMID: 33169849 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of sentinel lymph node (SLN) histology vs locoregional lymph node (LRLN) fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology on assigned disease stage and adjunctive treatment recommendations and describe the incidence of anatomic disparity between the LRLN and SLN. STUDY DESIGN A pre-post study refers to a study design type in which subjects are compared pre and post the intervention of interest. ANIMALS Seventeen dogs undergoing primary excision of 20 cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT). METHODS Client-owned dogs presenting to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals for surgical removal of a cytologically confirmed cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT >1 cm in diameter were enrolled. Cytological examination of FNA from the LRLN was compared with histology of the SLN. The SLN was identified by indirect computed tomographic lymphangiography (ICTL) after peritumoral injection of iopamidol and scanning at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Histopathologic node score > 1 was considered metastatic. After case review by an oncologist, LRLN FNA cytology was compared with SLN histology for effect on changes in stage assignment and adjunctive treatment recommendations. RESULTS Mast cell tumors were graded as 2 low (n = 11), 2 high (n = 2), and subcutaneous (n = 7). Optimal scan timing was 10 minutes after injection of iopamidol. Sentinel lymph node differed anatomically from LRLN in 5 of 18 scans. Metastases were detected by histology in 9 of 20 SLN compared with in 1 of 20 FNA of LRLN (P = .001), changing stage and adjunctive treatment recommendations 8 of 20 tumors. Only 6 of 19 LRLN FNA samples were diagnostic. CONCLUSION Sentinel lymph nodes were consistently identified with ICTL and differed from LRLN in one-quarter of tumors. Histopathological examination of SLN altered recommendations in half of the dogs compared with the previous standard of care. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Indirect computed tomographic lymphangiography and SLN excision should be considered as a new standard for dogs with MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Lapsley
- Section of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Studies, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Galina M Hayes
- Section of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Studies, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Valentin Janvier
- Section of Imaging, Department of Clinical Studies, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ashleigh W Newman
- Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jeanine Peters-Kennedy
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Cheryl Balkman
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Studies, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Julia P Sumner
- Section of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Studies, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Philippa Johnson
- Section of Imaging, Department of Clinical Studies, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, New York, USA
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35
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Oliveira MT, Campos M, Lamego L, Magalhães D, Menezes R, Oliveira R, Patanita F, Ferreira DA. Canine and Feline Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor: A Comprehensive Review of Treatments and Outcomes. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100472. [PMID: 32891740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) or mastocytoma is one of the most frequent malignant cutaneous tumors in the dog, and the second most frequent in the cat. Several mast cell tumor therapeutic approaches have been proposed in the past years for dogs and cats, resulting in very distinct outcomes. The current comprehensive literature review presents a critical approach to the scientific information published about the MCTs treatments and the subsequent prognosis and survival times, in dogs and in cats diagnosed with MCTs. A systematic review of the literature following the Cochrane principles and methodology was performed. The authors resorted to MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to select the 133 publications with evidence-based treatments for MCTs in companion animals. Results of the review suggest that the recommended treatment, prognosis and survival times for dogs and cats with MCTs depends at all times on the clinical staging, histological grade and location of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Oliveira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Marco Campos
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luís Lamego
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Diogo Magalhães
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Menezes
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Renato Oliveira
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Francisco Patanita
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - David A Ferreira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
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36
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Chu ML, Hayes GM, Henry JG, Oblak ML. Comparison of lateral surgical margins of up to two centimeters with margins of three centimeters for achieving tumor-free histologic margins following excision of grade I or II cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:567-572. [PMID: 32068517 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.5.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether conservative lateral surgical margins (equal to tumor diameter for tumors < 2 cm in diameter or 2 cm for larger tumors) were noninferior to wide (3-cm) lateral surgical margins for achieving tumor-free histologic margins following excision of grade I and II cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs. ANIMALS 83 grade I and II MCTs excised with a deep surgical fascial margin and requisite lateral surgical margins from 68 dogs from 2007 to 2017. Tumors representing scar revision or local recurrence were excluded. PROCEDURES A pathology department database was searched to identify qualifying MCTs, and medical records were cross-referenced to obtain data regarding patients and tumors. Outcome (complete vs incomplete excision as histologically determined) was compared between conservative- and wide-margin groups. A noninferiority margin of ≥ 0.9 was used for the risk ratio (probability of complete excision for the conservative- vs wide-margin group), implying that noninferiority would be established if the data indicated that the true risk of complete excision with the conservative-margin approach was at worst 90% of that for the wide-margin approach. RESULTS The proportion of excised MCTs with tumor-free histologic margins was similar between the conservative- (43/46 [93%]) and wide- (34/37 [92%]) margin groups. There were no differences in tumor diameter or location between treatment groups. The risk ratio (1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.19) met the criterion for noninferiority. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The conservative-margin approach appeared to be noninferior to the wide-margin approach for achieving tumor-free histologic margins in the dogs of this study, and its use could potentially reduce the risk of postoperative complications. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020;256:567-572.
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De Ridder TR, Campbell JE, Burke-Schwarz C, Clegg D, Elliot EL, Geller S, Kozak W, Pittenger ST, Pruitt JB, Riehl J, White J, Wiest ML, Johannes CM, Morton J, Jones PD, Schmidt PF, Gordon V, Reddell P. Randomized controlled clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of intratumoral treatment of canine mast cell tumors with tigilanol tiglate (EBC-46). J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:415-429. [PMID: 32542733 PMCID: PMC7848366 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tigilanol tiglate (TT) for local intratumoral treatment of mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs. Methods A randomized controlled clinical study in 2 phases involving 123 dogs with cytologically diagnosed MCT. Phase 1 compared 81 TT‐treated dogs with 42 control dogs; phase 2 allowed TT treatment of control dogs and retreatment of dogs that failed to achieve tumor resolution after TT treatment in phase 1. Tigilanol tiglate (1 mg/mL) was injected intratumorally with dose based on tumor volume. Concomitant medications were used to minimize potential for MCT degranulation. Modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors were used to evaluate treatment response at 28 and 84 days. Adverse events and quality of life were also assessed. Results A single TT treatment resulted in 75% complete response (CR) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 61‐86) by 28 days, with no recurrence in 93% (95% CI = 82‐97) of dogs by 84 days. Eight TT‐treated dogs that did not achieve CR in phase 1 achieved CR after retreatment, increasing the overall CR to 88% (95% CI = 77‐93). Control dogs had 5% CR (95% CI = 1‐17) at 28 days. Wound formation after tumor slough and wound size relative to tumor volume were strongly associated with efficacy. Adverse events typically were low grade, transient, and directly associated with TT's mode of action. Conclusions Tigilanol tiglate is efficacious and well tolerated, providing a new option for the local treatment of MCTs in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Clegg
- Liverpool Animal Health Clinic, Liverpool, New York, USA
| | - Emily L Elliot
- Chippens Hill Veterinary Hospital, Bristol, Connecticut, USA
| | - Samuel Geller
- Quakertown Veterinary Clinic, Quakertown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wendy Kozak
- Franklin Lakes Animal Hospital, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Jocelyn Riehl
- Paradise Animal Hospital, Catonsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie White
- Animal Hospital of Seminole, Seminole, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa L Wiest
- Bradford Park Veterinary Hospital, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - John Morton
- Jemora Consulting, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela D Jones
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Paul Reddell
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
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Kiupel M, Camus M. Diagnosis and Prognosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:819-836. [PMID: 31178200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) are among the most common canine cutaneous tumors, with highly variable biological behavior. This review describes in detail current approaches for cytologic and histologic diagnosis and prognosis, including advantages and limitations of cytologic and histologic grading and utilization of molecular markers, for example, Ki67, AgNORs, KIT expression, and c-Kit mutations, for a more accurate detection of aggressive MCTs. Furthermore, the current approach to evaluate surgical margins and spread to local lymph nodes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Kiupel
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Room 152A, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Room 152A, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
| | - Melinda Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Caswell JL, Bassel LL, Rothenburger JL, Gröne A, Sargeant JM, Beck AP, Ekman S, Gibson-Corley KN, Kuiken T, LaDouceur EEB, Meyerholz DK, Origgi FC, Posthaus H, Priestnall SL, Ressel L, Sharkey L, Teixeira LBC, Uchida K, Ward JM, Webster JD, Yamate J. Observational Study Design in Veterinary Pathology, Part 2: Methodology. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:774-785. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818798121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies are a basis for much of our knowledge of veterinary pathology, yet considerations for conducting pathology-based observational studies are not readily available. In part 1 of this series, we offered advice on planning and carrying out an observational study. Part 2 of the series focuses on methodology. Our general recommendations are to consider using already-validated methods, published guidelines, data from primary sources, and quantitative analyses. We discuss 3 common methods in pathology research—histopathologic scoring, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction—to illustrate principles of method validation. Some aspects of quality control include use of clear objective grading criteria, validation of key reagents, assessing sample quality, determining specificity and sensitivity, use of technical and biologic negative and positive controls, blinding of investigators, approaches to minimizing operator-dependent variation, measuring technical variation, and consistency in analysis of the different study groups. We close by discussing approaches to increasing the rigor of observational studies by corroborating results with complementary methods, using sufficiently large numbers of study subjects, consideration of the data in light of similar published studies, replicating the results in a second study population, and critical analysis of the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L. Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura L. Bassel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie L. Rothenburger
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Alberta), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M. Sargeant
- Department of Population Medicine and Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stina Ekman
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David K. Meyerholz
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1165 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Francesco C. Origgi
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leslie Sharkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Leandro B. C. Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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Caswell JL, Bassel LL, Rothenburger JL, Gröne A, Sargeant JM, Beck AP, Ekman S, Gibson-Corley KN, Kuiken T, LaDouceur EEB, Meyerholz DK, Origgi FC, Posthaus H, Priestnall SL, Ressel L, Sharkey L, Teixeira LBC, Uchida K, Ward JM, Webster JD, Yamate J. Observational Study Design in Veterinary Pathology, Part 1: Study Design. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:607-621. [PMID: 30071806 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818785705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies are the basis for much of our knowledge of veterinary pathology and are highly relevant to the daily practice of pathology. However, recommendations for conducting pathology-based observational studies are not readily available. In part 1 of this series, we offer advice on planning and conducting an observational study with examples from the veterinary pathology literature. Investigators should recognize the importance of creativity, insight, and innovation in devising studies that solve problems and fill important gaps in knowledge. Studies should focus on specific and testable hypotheses, questions, or objectives. The methodology is developed to support these goals. We consider the merits and limitations of different types of analytic and descriptive studies, as well as of prospective vs retrospective enrollment. Investigators should define clear inclusion and exclusion criteria and select adequate numbers of study subjects, including careful selection of the most appropriate controls. Studies of causality must consider the temporal relationships between variables and the advantages of measuring incident cases rather than prevalent cases. Investigators must consider unique aspects of studies based on archived laboratory case material and take particular care to consider and mitigate the potential for selection bias and information bias. We close by discussing approaches to adding value and impact to observational studies. Part 2 of the series focuses on methodology and validation of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Caswell
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura L Bassel
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie L Rothenburger
- 2 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea Gröne
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Sargeant
- 4 Department of Population Medicine and Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda P Beck
- 5 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stina Ekman
- 6 Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- 7 Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- 8 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David K Meyerholz
- 10 University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Francesco C Origgi
- 11 Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- 12 Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- 13 Deparment Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- 14 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Sharkey
- 15 Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, N. Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- 16 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- 17 Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- 20 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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Sabattini S, Renzi A, Marconato L, Militerno G, Agnoli C, Barbiero L, Rigillo A, Capitani O, Tinto D, Bettini G. Comparison between May-Grünwald-Giemsa and rapid cytological stains in fine-needle aspirates of canine mast cell tumour: Diagnostic and prognostic implications. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:511-517. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sabattini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - A. Renzi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario Veterinary Clinic; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | - G. Militerno
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Agnoli
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Barbiero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - A. Rigillo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - O. Capitani
- Surgical Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - D. Tinto
- Surgical Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - G. Bettini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Shaw T, Kudnig ST, Firestone SM. Diagnostic accuracy of pre-treatment biopsy for grading cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:214-219. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Shaw
- Surgery Department; Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre; Glen Waverley Victoria Australia
| | - S. T. Kudnig
- Surgery Department; Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre; Glen Waverley Victoria Australia
| | - S. M. Firestone
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
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Vilalta L, Meléndez-Lazo A, Doria G, Ramis A, Solano-Gallego L, Pastor J, Martorell J. Clinical, Cytological, Histological and Immunohistochemical Features of Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumours in Ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo ). J Comp Pathol 2016; 155:346-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Stokol T. Veterinary Pathology - A Path Forward with New Directions and Opportunities. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:76. [PMID: 27630996 PMCID: PMC5005974 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
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46
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Sledge DG, Webster J, Kiupel M. Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: A combined clinical and pathologic approach to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection. Vet J 2016; 215:43-54. [PMID: 27372911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In view of the varied biologic behavior and the costs of treatment for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, development of appropriate treatment plans for individual affected dogs can be difficult, but decisions regarding treatment should be made using a systematic, evidence-based approach. This manuscript reviews the current state of diagnostics and prognostication of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, and suggests a combined approach based on clinical and pathologic assessment for decision making regarding treatment choices. The current state of histologic grading, evaluation of proliferation indices, evaluation of mutations in the c-kit gene and KIT expression, evaluation of excision and clinical staging are examined. On the basis of the current understanding of prognostication and treatment response, algorithms for selection of local and systemic therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodd G Sledge
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
| | - Joshua Webster
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
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