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Shi J, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Qiu G, Jian F, Lin W, Zhang S. Dietary choline intake and its association with asthma: A study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12359. [PMID: 38860615 PMCID: PMC11165556 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work endeavored to examine the correlation between dietary choline intake and the odds of asthma, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Aggregated data from seven cycles (2005-2018) in the NHANES database were utilized. The independent variable was dietary choline intake, and the dependent variable was asthma. The weighted logistic regression method was used to construct a model reflecting the relationship between these two factors. This work employed stratified analysis without adjusting for confounding factors and subgroup analysis with adjusted confounding factors to mine the association between dietary choline intake and asthma. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis examined nonlinear associations of the two in age subgroups. RESULTS Forty five thousand and seven hundreds ninety seven samples were included here. The model indicating the relationship between dietary choline intake and asthma was constructed (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.93, p < 0.001). Stratified analysis indicated that the interaction terms of age (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.002) with dietary choline intake significantly influenced the relationship model. In the adjusted models, accounting for demographic characteristics, poverty impact ratio, BMI, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and total energy intake, an increase in dietary choline intake significantly reduced the odds of asthma (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.88, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses based on age and BMI revealed a significant negative correlation between dietary choline intake and the odds of asthma in the adult population (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86, p < 0.001), as well as in individuals with a BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2 (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.99, p = 0.042), and those with a BMI >30 kg/m2 (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60-0.89, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Dietary choline intake was significantly inversely correlated with asthma prevalence, especially in adults and overweight/obese individuals, suggesting that increasing choline intake may reduce asthma risk. Further research is needed to explore this relationship and provide tailored dietary recommendations for different age and BMI groups to enhance asthma prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Shi
- Department of PediatricsLongyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityLongyanFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Yuming Lin
- Department of PediatricsLongyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityLongyanFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Yingxiu Jiang
- Minxi Vocational College (Fujian)LongyanFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Guoguo Qiu
- Department of PediatricsLongyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityLongyanFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Fanghua Jian
- Department of PediatricsLongyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityLongyanFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of PediatricsLongyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityLongyanFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineGanzhou People's HospitalZhangzhouJiangxi ProvinceChina
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2
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DuToit G, Smith P, Muraro A, Fox AT, Roberts G, Ring J, Worm M. Identifying patients at risk of anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100904. [PMID: 38966605 PMCID: PMC11223123 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, systemic hypersensitivity reaction that warrants prompt diagnosis and management. It continues to be challenging to anticipate who may be at risk of a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis can be caused by a range of allergens, such as certain foods, medications, latex, insect stings, etc. Cofactors that augment the severity of clinical symptoms and increase the risk of poor outcomes include exercise, stress, infectious diseases, underlying mast cell disease, active allergic disease such as asthma, advanced age, intake of certain medications, history of previous anaphylaxis, and delayed or missed administration of adrenaline. According to the European Anaphylaxis Registry, food is the major elicitor of anaphylaxis, especially eggs, cow milk, and nuts, in children and adolescents. Reaction to insect venom has also been noted in young adulthood. Early recognition of signs and symptoms and prompt treatment are crucial in anaphylaxis management to avoid serious and even fatal outcomes. It is crucial for both individuals and clinicians to identify the cause of anaphylaxis. Biomarkers of anaphylaxis, such as histamine, tryptase, platelet activation factor (PAF), chymase, carboxypeptidase A3, dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), basogranulin, CCL-2, hsa-miR-451a, may be useful in diagnosis and management. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive overview of current evidence and expert opinions regarding the risk factors that predispose individuals to anaphylaxis. Additionally, it provides insights into potential biomarkers and genetic markers for accurate diagnosis and management. This review underscores the significance of expert guidance in enhancing patient outcomes and enabling self-management of anaphylactic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George DuToit
- Pediatric Allergy King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas', London, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Smith
- Clinical School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre, Department of Woman and Child Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Adam T. Fox
- Children's Allergy Service, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Roberts
- University of Southampton, Pediatric Allergy & Respiratory Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Ring
- Technical University Munich (TUM), Dept Dermatology Allergology Biederstein, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Allergologie und Immunologie, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Campus Charité Mitte, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Almas S, Fayad N, Srivastava O, Siddique M, Das S, Touret N, Sun X, Lacy P. Immunofluorescence analysis of human eosinophils. J Immunol Methods 2024; 526:113619. [PMID: 38272178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A prominent inflammatory cell type in allergic diseases is the eosinophil, a granulated white blood cell that releases pro-inflammatory cytokines. Eosinophil-derived cytokines, including interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), can skew the immune response towards an allergic phenotype. Unfortunately, it is challenging to immunolabel and collect quantifiable images of eosinophils given their innate autofluorescence and ability to nonspecifically bind to antibodies. Hence, it is important to optimize permeabilization, blocking, and imaging conditions for eosinophils. Here, we show enhanced protocols to ensure that measured immunofluorescence represents specific immunolabelling. To test this, eosinophils were purified from human blood, adhered to glass coverslips, stimulated with or without platelet-activating factor (PAF), fixed with paraformaldehyde, and then permeabilized with Triton X-100 or saponin. Cells were then blocked with goat serum or human serum and incubated with antibodies labelling cytokines (IL-9 and IL-13) and secretory organelles (CD63 for crystalloid granules and transferrin receptor [TfnRc] for recycling endosomes). Carefully selected isotype controls were used throughout, and cells were imaged using Deltavision super-resolution microscopy. Intensities of fluorescent probes were quantified using Volocity software. Our findings show that permeabilization with saponin, blockage with human serum, and using concentrations of antibodies up to 10 μg/ml allowed us to detect marked differences in fluorescence intensities between isotypes and test antibodies. With the achievement of sufficient qualitative and quantitative measures of increased test probe intensity compared to respective isotypes, these results indicate that our protocol allows for optimal immunolabelling of eosinophils. Using this protocol, future studies may provide further insights into trafficking mechanisms within this important inflammatory cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Almas
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Nawell Fayad
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ojas Srivastava
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mujtaba Siddique
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sharanya Das
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicolas Touret
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ishino T, Oda T, Kawasumi T, Takemoto K, Nishida M, Horibe Y, Chikuie N, Taruya T, Hamamoto T, Ueda T, Takeno S. Severe Type 2 Inflammation Leads to High Platelet-Activating-Factor-Associated Pathology in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps-A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Using Bulk RNA Barcoding and Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2113. [PMID: 38396790 PMCID: PMC10889510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid-derived inflammatory mediator that triggers various inflammatory conditions, including eosinophil activation and recruitment. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of PAF-metabolism-associated genes, namely genes coding the enzymes involved in PAF synthesis (LPCAT1, LPCAT2, LPCAT3, and LPCAT4), PAF degradation (PAFAH1B2, PAFAH1B3, and PAFAH2), and the gene for the PAF receptor (PTAFR) in subtypes of CRSwNP classified by clinical- or hierarchal-analysis-based classifications. Transcriptomic analysis using bulk RNA barcoding and sequencing (BRB-seq) was performed with CRSwNP, including eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) (n = 9), nonECRS (n = 8), ECRS with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (Asp) (n = 3), and controls with a normal uncinate process mucosa (n = 6). PTAFR was only upregulated in ECRS and nonECRS. In the hierarchical cluster analysis with clusters 1 and 2 reflecting patients with low-to-moderate and high levels of type 2 inflammation, respectively, cluster 1 exhibited a significant downregulation of LPCAT2 and an upregulation of PTAFR expression, while cluster 2 showed an upregulation of LPCAT1, PAFAH1B2, and PTAFR and downregulation of PAFAH2 expression. Understanding this strong PAF-associated pathophysiology in the severe type 2 inflammation group could provide valuable insights into the treatment and management of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sachio Takeno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (T.I.); (T.O.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (N.C.); (T.T.); (T.H.); (T.U.)
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5
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Weller K, Gimenez-Arnau AM, Baron J, Brehler R, Ferrer M, Groffik A, Grundmann S, Jakob T, Labrador-Horrillo M, Müller S, Staubach P, Wurpts G, Metz M, Maurer M. Efficacy and safety of on-demand versus daily rupatadine in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A randomized trial. Allergy 2024; 79:93-103. [PMID: 37597162 DOI: 10.1111/all.15854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-sedating H1 -antihistamines (nsAH) are the most commonly used treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Many patients use them as on-demand (OD) therapy rather than a maintenance treatment. Here, we compared OD versus daily maintenance treatment with the nsAH rupatadine, assessed the efficacy of rupatadine updosing, and investigated potential long-term disease-modifying effects. METHODS This multicenter, randomized study consisted of 2 weeks of screening, 8 weeks of double-blind treatment, and 6 weeks of treatment-free follow-up (OD allowed). Adult patients were randomized to 10 mg rupatadine OD or 10 mg rupatadine daily. At Week 4, if patients did not have a complete response, they switched from 10 to 20 mg rupatadine daily or underwent sham updosing (patients on 10 mg rupatadine OD). The primary aim was to compare CSU disease activity at the end of follow-up between daily versus OD. Additionally, we assessed the efficacy of rupatadine updosing. Major outcomes were disease activity, CSU-related quality of life (QoL), and disease control. RESULTS At Week 4, disease activity and QoL significantly improved in daily versus OD-treated patients. Updosing of rupatadine did not improve the mean disease activity, but the number of complete responders increased during updosing from 5% to 22%. At the end of follow-up, the disease activity of patients treated OD versus daily was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Daily rupatadine treatment significantly improved CSU disease activity and QoL during treatment versus OD treatment but not after discontinuation of rupatadine, indicating the benefits of a daily maintenance nsAH schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Weller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Gimenez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Randolf Brehler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marta Ferrer
- Department of Allergy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- RICORS Red De Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI)-RD21/0002/0028, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriane Groffik
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Moisés Labrador-Horrillo
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerda Wurpts
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Aachen Comprehensive Allergy Center (ACAC), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Metz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Fisher GW, Travers JB, Rohan CA. Rosacea pathogenesis and therapeutics: current treatments and a look at future targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1292722. [PMID: 38193038 PMCID: PMC10773789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1292722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with a significant health and economic burden from costs and loss of productivity due to seeking medical treatment. The disease encompasses multiple phenotypic manifestations involving a complex and multi-variate pathogenesis. Although the pathophysiology of rosacea is not completely understood, ongoing research is continually elucidating its mechanisms. In this review, current concepts of rosacea pathogenesis will be addressed which involve skin barrier and permeability dysfunction, the innate and adaptive immune systems, and the neurovascular system. More specifically, the cathelicidin pathway, transient potential receptor channels, mast cells, and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway are various targets of current pharmacologic regimens. Future therapies may seek different mechanisms to act on current treatment targets, like the potential use of JAK/STAT inhibitors in ameliorating skin barrier dysfunction or TLR antagonists in alleviating cathelicidin mediated inflammation. Other potential treatments aim for entirely different molecular targets such as microvesicle particle mediated local and systemic inflammation. Ultimately rosacea is associated with a significant health and economic burden which warrants deeper research into its pathogenesis and resultant new treatment discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W. Fisher
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
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7
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Pałgan K, Tretyn A. Platelet-activating factor as an endogenous cofactor of food anaphylaxis. Biofactors 2023; 49:976-983. [PMID: 37203358 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of anaphylaxis is increasing worldwide, with medications and food contributing to most cases. Physical exercise, acute infections, drugs, alcohol, and menstruation are the external cofactors associated with more severe systemic reaction. The aim of this review is to show that platelet-activating factor contributes to the development of severe anaphylactic reaction, and even to anaphylactic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pałgan
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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8
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Pałgan K. Mast Cells and Basophils in IgE-Independent Anaphylaxis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12802. [PMID: 37628983 PMCID: PMC10454702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening or even fatal systemic hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of anaphylaxis has risen at an alarming rate in the past decades in the majority of countries. Generally, the most common causes of severe or fatal anaphylaxis are medication, foods and Hymenoptera venoms. Anaphylactic reactions are characterized by the activation of mast cells and basophils and the release of mediators. These cells express a variety of receptors that enable them to respond to a wide range of stimulants. Most studies of anaphylaxis focus on IgE-dependent reactions. The mast cell has long been regarded as the main effector cell involved in IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. This paper reviews IgE-independent anaphylaxis, with special emphasis on mast cells, basophils, anaphylactic mediators, risk factors, triggers, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pałgan
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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9
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Seghers S, Teuwen LA, Beyens M, De Blick D, Sabato V, Ebo DG, Prenen H. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to antineoplastic agents - A practical guide for the oncologist. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 116:102559. [PMID: 37084565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) to antineoplastic agents occur frequently, and every oncologist will encounter these reactions in their clinical practice at some point. The clinical signature of IHRs can range from mild to life-threatening, and their occurrence can substantially impede the treatment course of patients with cancer. Yet, clear guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management are scarce, especially from an oncologic point of view. Therefore, herein, we review the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of IHRs to chemotherapeutic agents and monoclonal antibodies. First, we focus on defining the specific entities that comprise IHRs and discuss their underlying mechanisms. Then, we summarize the epidemiology for the antineoplastic agents that represent the most common causes of IHRs, i.e., platinum compounds, taxanes and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Next, we describe the possible clinical pictures and the comprehensive diagnostic work-up that should be executed to identify the culprit and safe alternatives for the future. Finally, we finish with reviewing the treatment options in both the acute phase and after recovery, with the aim to improve the oncologic care of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Seghers
- Department of oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Department of oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michiel Beyens
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dennis De Blick
- Department of emergency medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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10
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Carney AS, Smith PK. Current Understanding of the Role of Eosinophils in CRSwNP and Implications for Treatment with Mepolizumab and Benralizumab. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023; 37:175-181. [PMID: 36848284 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221149270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International consensus statements now subdivide chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into several phenotypes and endotypes, including the presence of polyps (CRSwNP) and eosinophilia (eCRSwNP). Biological treatments aimed at blocking eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP via interleukin 5 (IL5) or the interleukin 5 receptor (IL5R) have demonstrated limited efficacy thus far. OBJECTIVE To review the pathophysiology of eCRSwNP, the evidence for mepolizumab (anti-IL5) and benralizumab (anti-IL5R) in CRSwNP, and to highlight areas for future research and therapeutic intervention. METHODS Primary and secondary literature search. RESULTS Clinical trials on mepolizumab and benralizumab in CRSwNP are limited and restricted by trial design which prevents direct comparison with other interventions, including surgery. Both agents would appear to provide some benefit in reducing nasal polyp size but limited clinical patient benefit. Molecular biological research highlights that eCRSwNP can occur in the absence of IL5 and that other cells/cytokines play an important part in the disease's pathophysiology. CONCLUSION Blockade of IL5/IL5R alone would appear to provide limited "real life" clinical benefit in patients with CRSwNP due to the complexities of the pathophysiology of the condition. Therapy aimed at several simultaneous cytokine targets has logic but well-designed trials are unlikely to be forthcoming in the short term due to the financial cost and commercial conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Simon Carney
- College of Medicine and Public Health, 1065Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter K Smith
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Gogos C, Stamos K, Tsanaxidis N, Styliadis I, Koniari I, Kouni SN, de Gregorio C, Kounis NG. Blood Transfusion Components Inducing Severe Allergic Reactions: The First Case of Kounis Syndrome Induced by Platelet Transfusion. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020220. [PMID: 36851100 PMCID: PMC9965342 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kounis syndrome is a multisystem and multidisciplinary disease affecting the circulatory system that can be manifested as spasm and thrombosis. It can occur as allergic, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic, or anaphylactoid reactions associated with the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and from other interrelated and interacting inflammatory cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes. A platelet subset with high- and low-affinity IgE surface receptors is also involved in this process. Whereas the heart, and particularly the coronary arteries, constitute the primary targets of inflammatory mediators, the mesenteric, cerebral, and peripheral arteries are also vulnerable. Kounis syndrome is caused by a variety of factors, including drugs, foods, environmental exposure, clinical conditions, stent implantation, and vaccines. We report a unique case of a 60-year-old male with a past medical history of allergy to human albumin, alcoholic cirrhosis, and esophageal varices, who was admitted due to multiple episodes of hematemesis. Due to low hemoglobin levels, he was transfused with 3 units of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma without any adverse reactions. On the third day of hospitalization, severe thrombocytopenia was observed and transfusion of platelets was initiated. Immediately following platelet infusion, the patient developed chest discomfort, skin signs of severe allergic reaction, and hemodynamic instability. The electrocardiogram revealed ST segment elevation in the inferior leads. Given the strong suspicion of Kounis syndrome/allergic coronary spasm, the patient was treated with anti-allergic treatment only, without any anti-platelet therapy. The clinical status of the patient gradually improved and the electrocardiographic changes reverted to normal. Based on these findings, Kounis hypersensitivity-associated acute coronary syndrome, specifically, type I Kounis syndrome, was diagnosed. Although platelet transfusion can be a life-saving therapy, each blood transfusion carries a substantial risk of adverse reactions. The aims of this report are to expand the existing knowledge of patient responses to blood transfusion and provide information on the incidence of various severe transfusion reactions to all blood components and especially to platelets. To the best of our knowledge, Kounis syndrome induced by platelet transfusionhas never been previously reported. Hypersensitivity to platelet external membrane glycoproteins in an atopic patient seems to be the possible etiology. Despite that Kounis syndrome remains an under-diagnosed clinical entity in everyday practice, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Gogos
- Department of Cardiology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stamos
- Department of Cardiology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsanaxidis
- Department of Cardiology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Styliadis
- Department of Cardiology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | | | - Cesare de Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Medical School, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicholas G. Kounis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26221 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence:
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12
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Li W, Li H, Yan C, Chen S, Zhao X. The transcriptome pattern of liver, spleen and hypothalamus provides insights into genetic and biological changes in roosters in response to castration. Front Genet 2022; 13:1030886. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken is widely accepted by consumers because of its delicate taste and abundant animal protein. The rooster after castration (capon) is believed to show better flavor, however, the molecular changes of the underpinned metabolism after castration is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to figure out the alternation of meat quality and underpinned molecular mechanism via transcriptomic profiling of liver, spleen and hypothalamus as targeted organs in response to the castration. We identified differential expressed genes and their enriched functions and pathways in these organs between capon and rooster samples through RNA-seq analysis. In the liver, the lipid metabolism with targeted FABP1gene was found significantly enriched, which may be as one of the factors contributing to increased fat deposition and thus better meat flavor in capons than roosters, as predicted by the significantly lower shear force in capons than in roosters in meat quality experiments. However, the ability to xenobiotic detoxification and excretion, vitamin metabolism, and antioxidative effect of hemoglobin evidenced of the capon may be compromised by the alternation of SULT, AOX1, CYP3A5, HBA1, HBBA, and HBAD. Besides, in both the spleen and hypothalamus, PTAFR, HPX, CTLA4, LAG3, ANPEP, CD24, ITGA2B, ITGB3, CD2, CD7, and BLB2 may play an important role in the immune system including function of platelet and T cell, development of monocyte/macrophage and B cell in capons as compared to roosters. In conclusion, our study sheds lights into the possible molecular mechanism of better meat flavor, fatty deposit, oxidative detoxification and immune response difference between capons and roosters.
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Theoharides TC, Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Platelet activating factor: Have we been missing the forest for the trees? Biofactors 2022; 48:1184-1188. [PMID: 36300767 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, Florida, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
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Upton JEM, Grunebaum E, Sussman G, Vadas P. Platelet Activating Factor (PAF): A Mediator of Inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 48:1189-1202. [PMID: 36029481 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid-derived mediator with an established role in multiple inflammatory states. PAF is synthesized and secreted by multiple cell types and is then rapidly hydrolyzed and degraded to an inactive metabolite, lyso-PAF, by the enzyme PAF acetylhydrolase. In addition to its role in platelet aggregation and activation, PAF contributes to allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases such as anaphylaxis, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and malignancy as demonstrated in multiple animal models and, increasingly, in human disease states. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of the PAF pathway in multiple conditions including the prediction of severe pediatric anaphylaxis, effects on blood-brain barrier permeability, effects on reproduction, ocular diseases, and further understanding of its role in cardiovascular risk. Investigation of PAF as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target continues because of the need for directed management of inflammation. Collectively, studies have shown that therapies focused on the PAF pathway have the potential to provide targeted and effective treatments for multiple inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E M Upton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Sussman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Vadas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hartel JC, Merz N, Grösch S. How sphingolipids affect T cells in the resolution of inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1002915. [PMID: 36176439 PMCID: PMC9513432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of proper resolution of inflammation rather than counteracting it, gained a lot of attention in the past few years. Re-assembly of tissue and cell homeostasis as well as establishment of adaptive immunity after inflammatory processes are the key events of resolution. Neutrophiles and macrophages are well described as promotors of resolution, but the role of T cells is poorly reviewed. It is also broadly known that sphingolipids and their imbalance influence membrane fluidity and cell signalling pathways resulting in inflammation associated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis or diabetes. In this review we highlight the role of sphingolipids in T cells in the context of resolution of inflammation to create an insight into new possible therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Christina Hartel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Merz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sabine Grösch,
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Sato A, Fukase T, Ebina K. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid-derived aldehydes attenuate anaphylactic hypothermia in vivo. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Current and Future Approaches in Management of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Using Anti-IgE Antibodies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060816. [PMID: 35744079 PMCID: PMC9227249 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) considerably alters patients’ quality of life, often for extended periods, due to pruriginous skin lesions, impaired sleep, unexpected development of angioedema, and failure of conventional treatments in properly controlling signs and symptoms. Recent research focused on the development of new therapeutic agents with higher efficacy. Although the production of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against certain allergens is not a characteristic of the disease, treatment with omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, proved efficient and safe in patients with moderate to severe chronic spontaneous urticaria uncontrolled by H1-antihistamines. Ligelizumab, a high-affinity monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, may also efficiently relieve symptoms of unresponsive chronic urticaria to standard therapies. This comprehensive review aims to present recently acquired knowledge on managing chronic spontaneous urticaria with new anti-IgE antibodies. We conducted extensive research on the main databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) with no restrictions on the years covered, using the search terms “anti-IgE antibodies”, “omalizumab”, “ligelizumab”, and “chronic spontaneous urticaria”. The inclusion criteria were English written articles, and the exclusion criteria were animal-related studies. ClinicalTrials.gov was also reviewed for recent relevant clinical trials related to CSU treatment. CSU is a challenging disease with a significant effect on patients’ quality of life. Current therapies often fail to control signs and symptoms, and additional treatment is needed. New biologic therapies against IgE antibodies and FcεRIα receptors are currently under investigation in advanced clinical trials. We reviewed recently published data on CSU management using these novel treatments. The development of new and improved treatments for CSU will lead to a more personalized therapeutical approach for patients and provide guidance for physicians in better understanding disease mechanisms. However, some agents are still in clinical trials, and more research is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of these treatments.
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Sato A, Fukase T, Ebina K. Biotinylated peptides substituted with D‐amino acids with high stability as anti‐anaphylactic agents targeting platelet‐activating factor. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3412. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy Iryo Sosei University Fukushima Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Iryo Sosei University Fukushima Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Ebina
- Faculty of Pharmacy Iryo Sosei University Fukushima Japan
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Yue M, Hu M, Fu F, Ruan H, Wu C. Emerging Roles of Platelets in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846055. [PMID: 35432313 PMCID: PMC9010873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, driven by Th2 immune responses and characterized by eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, excessive mucus production, and airway remodeling. Overwhelming evidence from studies in animal models and allergic asthmatic patients suggests that platelets are aberrantly activated and recruited to the lungs. It has been established that platelets can interact with other immune cells and secrete various biochemical mediators to promote allergic sensitization and airway inflammatory response, and platelet deficiency may alleviate the pathological features and symptoms of allergic asthma. However, the comprehensive roles of platelets in allergic asthma have not been fully clarified, leaving attempts to treat allergic asthma with antiplatelet agents questionable. In this review, we summarize the role of platelet activation and pulmonary accumulation in allergic asthma; emphasis is placed on the different interactions between platelets with crucial immune cell types and the contribution of platelet-derived mediators in this context. Furthermore, clinical antiplatelet approaches to treat allergic asthma are discussed. This review provides a clearer understanding of the roles of platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and could be informative in the development of novel strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfeng Ruan,
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu G, Kaneko M, Yoshioka K, Obara K, Tanaka Y. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) strongly enhances contractile mechanical activities in guinea pig and mouse urinary bladder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2783. [PMID: 35177680 PMCID: PMC8854422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the basal tone and spontaneous contractile activities of guinea pig (GP) and mouse urinary bladder (UB) smooth muscle (UBSM) tissues to determine whether PAF could induce UBSM tissue contraction. In addition, we examined the mRNA expression of the PAF receptor, PAF-synthesizing enzyme (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase, LPCAT), and PAF-degrading enzyme (PAF acetylhydrolase, PAF-AH) in GP and mouse UB tissues using RT-qPCR. PAF (10-9-10-6 M) strongly enhanced the basal tone and spontaneous contractile activities (amplitude and frequency) of GP and mouse UBSM tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. The enhancing effects of PAF (10-6 M) on both GP and mouse UBSM contractile activities were strongly suppressed by pretreatment with apafant (a PAF receptor antagonist, GP: 10-5 M; mouse: 3 × 10-5 M). The PAF receptor (Ptafr), LPCAT (Lpcat1, Lpcat2), and PAF-AH (Pafah1b3, Pafah2) mRNAs were detected in GP and mouse UB tissues. These findings reveal that PAF strongly enhances the contractile mechanical activities of UBSM tissues through its receptor and suggest that the PAF-synthesizing and -degrading system exists in UBSM tissues. PAF may serve as both an endogenous UBSM constrictor and an endogenous mediator leading to detrusor overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kaneko
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Obara
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
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Jang H, Kim EG, Kim M, Kim SY, Kim YH, Sohn MH, Kim KW. Metabolomic profiling revealed altered lipid metabolite levels in childhood food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1722-1731.e9. [PMID: 34843802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of childhood food allergy (FA) and its natural history are poorly understood. Clarification of the underlying mechanism may help identify novel biomarkers and strategies for clinical intervention in children with FA. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify metabolites associated with the development and resolution of FA. METHODS The metabolomic profiles of 20 children with FA and 20 healthy controls were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis was performed to identify metabolites associated with FA and FA resolution. For subjects with FA, serum samples were collected at the time of diagnosis and after resolution to identify the changes in metabolite levels. The selected metabolites were then quantified in a quantification cohort to validate the results. Finally, genome-wide association analysis of the metabolite levels was performed. RESULTS The study demonstrated a significantly higher level of sphingolipid metabolites and a lower level of acylcarnitine metabolites in children with FA than those in healthy controls. At diagnosis, subjects with resolving FA had a significantly high level of omega-3 metabolites and a low level of platelet-activating factors compared to persistent FA. However, the level of omega-3 metabolites decreased in children with resolving FA but increased in children with persistent FA during the same time. The quantification data of omega-3-derived resolvins, platelet-activating factor, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity further supported these results. CONCLUSION The lipid metabolite profile is closely related to childhood FA and FA resolution. This study suggests potential predictive biomarkers and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying childhood FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Gyul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea.
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Toyama S, Tominaga M, Takamori K. Connections between Immune-Derived Mediators and Sensory Nerves for Itch Sensation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12365. [PMID: 34830245 PMCID: PMC8624544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although histamine is a well-known itch mediator, histamine H1-receptor blockers often lack efficacy in chronic itch. Recent molecular and cellular based studies have shown that non-histaminergic mediators, such as proteases, neuropeptides and cytokines, along with their cognate receptors, are involved in evocation and modulation of itch sensation. Many of these molecules are produced and secreted by immune cells, which act on sensory nerve fibers distributed in the skin to cause itching and sensitization. This understanding of the connections between immune cell-derived mediators and sensory nerve fibers has led to the development of new treatments for itch. This review summarizes current knowledge of immune cell-derived itch mediators and neuronal response mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic agents that target these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumika Toyama
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
- Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
- Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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Klein M, Dao V, Khan F. A Review of Platelet-Activating Factor As a Potential Contributor to Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Severe COVID-19. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211051764. [PMID: 34755565 PMCID: PMC8586171 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211051764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms of pathology in severe COVID-19 remains elusive. Current evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators are responsible for the manifestation of clinical symptoms that precedes a fatal response to infection. This review examines the nature of platelet activating factor and emphasizes the similarities between the physiological effects of platelet activating factor and the clinical complications of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Klein
- 20040Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.,University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Vinh Dao
- 20040Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- 20040Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.,University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K, Mohamad HF, Ahmad A. Luteolin and apigenin derived glycosides from Alphonsea elliptica abrogate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114120. [PMID: 33857595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous Alphonsea species including Alphonsea elliptica (mempisang) leaves and fruits are indigenously used in inflammatory conditions such as postpartum swelling and rheumatism in southeast Asian countries. In our previous in-vitro findings, A. elliptica methanol extract exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting the presence of phyto-constituents with anti-inflammatory potential. AIM OF THE STUDY However, so far there is no literature available on the anti-inflammatory activity of this species. Henceforth, based on the above background and our previous laboratory findings, we hypothesize that phytoconstituents of A. elliptica could possess anti-inflammatory potential against inflammatory mediators including prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). MATERIALS AND METHODS Vacuum and column chromatography techniques were employed for the isolation of phytoconstituents. The structure elucidation was carried out using HRESI-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR analysis and compared with the published literature. For cytotoxicity analysis, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated against the levels of PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Unprecedentedly, chromatographic purification of methanolic leaves extract afforded five flavones namely vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, schaftoside with three flavanols; kaempferol, myricetin and rutin from A elliptica. In cell viability analysis, isolates did not present cytotoxicity up to 50 μM. In anti-inflammatory evaluation, orientin and isoorientin exhibited strong (≥70%), while isovitexin and vitexin produced strong to moderate (50-69%) PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 inhibition at 25 and 50 μM. Isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin showed significant (p < 0.05) and concentration-dependent PGE2 inhibition with IC50 values (μM) of 11.40, 14.71, 17.70 and 20.58 against indomethacin (8.80). Furthermore, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin produced significant concentration-dependent inhibition with IC50 values (μM) of COX-2: 7.13, 9.51, 12.81, 16.61; IL-1β 4.80, 6.20, 10.85, 14.51; IL-6: 4.01, 5.90, 11.51 and 14.88 as compared to dexamethasone: 5.29, 2.93, 3.72, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Conclusively, isolated phytoconstituents are reported for the first time from the A. elliptica. Moreover, isovitexin, vitexin orientin and isoorientin abrogated LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
| | - Khairana Husain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
| | - Hazni Falina Mohamad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Mall Road Lahore, Pakistan.
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Ryu JM, Na HH, Park JS, Ahn BS, Kim KC. Identification of Cleaved Haptoglobin in the Serum of Bee Venom-Hypersensitive Patients. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2021; 14:102-109. [DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.3.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Heom Na
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Ahn
- Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- AJ Research Institute for Integrative Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Coelho FS, Oliveira MM, Vieira DP, Torres PHM, Moreira ICF, Martins-Duarte ES, Gonçalves IC, Cabanelas A, Pascutti PG, Fragoso SP, Lopes AH. A novel receptor for platelet-activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine in Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:890-908. [PMID: 34184334 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The lipid mediators, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), play relevant pathophysiological roles in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Several species of LPC, including C18:1 LPC, which mimics the effects of PAF, are synthesized by T. cruzi. The present study identified a receptor in T. cruzi, which was predicted to bind to PAF, and found it to be homologous to members of the progestin and adiponectin family of receptors (PAQRs). We constructed a three-dimensional model of the T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) and performed molecular docking to predict the interactions of the TcPAQR model with C16:0 PAF and C18:1 LPC. We knocked out T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) gene and confirmed the identity of the expressed protein through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays using an anti-human PAQR antibody. Wild-type and knockout (KO) parasites were also used to investigate the in vitro cell differentiation and interactions with peritoneal mouse macrophages; TcPAQR KO parasites were unable to react to C16:0 PAF or C18:1 LPC. Our data are highly suggestive that PAF and LPC act through TcPAQR in T. cruzi, triggering its cellular differentiation and ability to infect macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Coelho
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro H M Torres
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabel C F Moreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erica S Martins-Duarte
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Inês C Gonçalves
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cabanelas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro G Pascutti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stenio P Fragoso
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angela H Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Detopoulou M, Ntzouvani A, Petsini F, Gavriil L, Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060801. [PMID: 34071485 PMCID: PMC8227157 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35-65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF's biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5'-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.
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A new prenylated benzoquinone from Cyathocalyx pruniferus abrogates LPS-induced inflammatory responses associated with PGE 2, COX-2 and cytokines biosynthesis in human plasma. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:841-854. [PMID: 33864564 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In our previous laboratory findings, Cyathocalyx pruniferus extracts exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting their anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, this study was designed with the aim to isolate phyto-constituents from C. pruniferus with potent anti-inflammatory activities. Column and volume liquid chromatography were used for isolation of phyto-constituents. The structure elucidation was carried out using spectroscopic analysis (HRESI-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR) and compared with published literature. For cytotoxicity analysis, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated against the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human plasma using ELISA and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The chromatographic purification of methanol leaves extract afforded 13 (1-13) secondary metabolites. Additionally, cytotoxicity analysis suggested that isolates were non-cytotoxic at 100 μM. In anti-inflammatory evaluation, 2-octaprenyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (5) produced strong (≥ 70%) inhibition of PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 at 50 µM. Moreover, 2-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (5) exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition with IC50 values (µM) of 11.21, 6.61, 2.20 and 3.56 as compared to controls; indomethacin for PGE2 (11.84) and dexamethasone in COX-2 (5.19), IL-1β (1.83) and IL-6 (3.76) analysis, respectively. In conclusion, two new compounds including 2-octaprenyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (5) and 14-methyloctadec-1-ene (6) are reported for the first time from plant species. Additionally, 2-octaprenyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (5) dose-dependently suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in acute and chronic inflammation at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
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Zhou S, Zhao R, Xue M. Treatment of acute urticaria with acupuncture. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21093. [PMID: 32702855 PMCID: PMC7373512 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Urticaria is a refractory dermatosis with long duration and a high recurrence rate. More to the point, medication of acute urticaria always demands high doses, which may cause some adverse effects. Acupuncture, with a history for over 2000 years, has been utilized in clinical practice as an alternative treatment strategy for dermatologic diseases. PATIENT CONCERNS A 26-year-old male nurse on duty suddenly fell sick during the night-shift in the ward. Wheals began spreading all over his body, but he had no urticaria medicine on hand. The unbearable itching made it extremely difficult for him to resume working. DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed with acute urticaria according to the symptoms. INTERVENTIONS A 30-minute acupuncture treatment was performed. OUTCOMES About 5 minutes after needles were inserted into the acupoints, the patient felt significantly relieved of itching sensation; moreover, he could even subjectively control himself from scratching and could calmly wait for gradual disappearance of the wheals. Then 30 minutes later, the wheals almost faded away. LESSONS The results suggest that acupuncture may be a promising alternative therapy to treat acute urticaria, especially for patients who cannot receive drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Department of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Mingxin Xue
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zhou M, Chen M, Bai H, He GL, Liu QQ, Guan LB, Liu XH, Fan P. Association of the G994T and R92H genotypes of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase with risk of preeclampsia in Chinese women. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 20:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Forty Years Since the Structural Elucidation of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF): Historical, Current, and Future Research Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234414. [PMID: 31816871 PMCID: PMC6930554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 1960s, Barbaro and Zvaifler described a substance that caused antigen induced histamine release from rabbit platelets producing antibodies in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Henson described a ‘soluble factor’ released from leukocytes that induced vasoactive amine release in platelets. Later observations by Siraganuan and Osler observed the existence of a diluted substance that had the capacity to cause platelet activation. In 1972, the term platelet-activating factor (PAF) was coined by Benveniste, Henson, and Cochrane. The structure of PAF was later elucidated by Demopoulos, Pinckard, and Hanahan in 1979. These studies introduced the research world to PAF, which is now recognised as a potent phospholipid mediator. Since its introduction to the literature, research on PAF has grown due to interest in its vital cell signalling functions and more sinisterly its role as a pro-inflammatory molecule in several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. As it is forty years since the structural elucidation of PAF, the aim of this review is to provide a historical account of the discovery of PAF and to provide a general overview of current and future perspectives on PAF research in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Muñoz-Cano RM, Casas-Saucedo R, Valero Santiago A, Bobolea I, Ribó P, Mullol J. Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) in Allergic Rhinitis: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091338. [PMID: 31470575 PMCID: PMC6780525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a lipid mediator involved in several allergic reactions. It is released from multiple cells of the immune system, such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells, and also exerts its effect on most of them upon specific binding to its receptor, becoming a pleiotropic mediator. PAF is considered a potential relevant mediator in allergic rhinitis, with a key role in nasal congestion and rhinorrhoea due to its effect on vascular permeability. Interestingly, despite its potential relevance as a therapeutic target, no specific PAF inhibitors have been studied in humans. However, rupatadine, a second-generation antihistamine with dual antihistamine and anti-PAF effects has shown promising results by both blocking nasal symptoms and inhibiting mast cell activation induced by PAF, in comparison to antihistamine receptor drugs. In conclusion, the inhibition of PAF may be an interesting approach in the treatment of allergic rhinitis as part of a global strategy directed at blocking as many relevant inflammatory mediators as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Muñoz-Cano
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain.
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain.
- ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocio Casas-Saucedo
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero Santiago
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina Bobolea
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ribó
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
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Maker JH, Stroup CM, Huang V, James SF. Antibiotic Hypersensitivity Mechanisms. PHARMACY 2019; 7:pharmacy7030122. [PMID: 31461919 PMCID: PMC6789858 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy7030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat a variety of bacterial infections. As with all medications, hypersensitivity reactions may occur and clinicians should be able to recognize them accurately and recommend appropriate management. Antibiotic related hypersensitivity reactions may be one of four different types: Type I reactions, which are IgE mediated and may lead to anaphylaxis; Type II reactions that are antibody-mediated and may result in thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or hemolytic anemia; Type III reaction that involves an immune complex formation such as vasculitis; and Type IV reactions that consist of four subtypes and typically include a rash of varying level of severity with or without systemic signs and symptoms. Herein, we describe the mechanisms of different types of allergic reactions to commonly prescribed antibiotics and offer recommendations for management. Further, we briefly refer to antibiotic reactions that mimic hypersensitivity reactions but are not immune mediated, such as pseudoallergies and serum sickness-like reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenana H Maker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Cassandra M Stroup
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Rueckert-Hartman College of Health Professions, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Vanthida Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Stephanie F James
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Rueckert-Hartman College of Health Professions, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA
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Ulambayar B, Yang EM, Cha HY, Shin YS, Park HS, Ye YM. Increased platelet activating factor levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria predicts refractoriness to antihistamine treatment: an observational study. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 31346408 PMCID: PMC6636088 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet activating factor (PAF) is an endogenous, active phospholipid released from inflammatory cells, platelets, and endothelial cells, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. Degradation of PAF by PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) has been shown to be associated with anaphylaxis, asthma, and peanut allergy. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among clinical parameters, including urticaria severity and treatment responsiveness, and PAF and PAF-AH levels in sera from patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Methods Serum PAF and PAF-AH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 283 CSU patients and 111 age- and sex-matched, healthy normal controls (NCs). Urticaria severity was evaluated by urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7). Within 3 months after measuring PAF levels, patients whose urticaria was not controlled by antihistamine treatment were classified as histamine receptor 1 antagonist (H1RA) non-responders. Results Serum PAF levels were significantly higher in CSU patients than in NCs (median 4368.9 vs. 3256.4 pg/ml, p = 0.015), while serum PAF-AH levels were significantly lower in CSU patients (105.6 vs. 125.7 ng/ml, p = 0.001). H1RA non-responders had higher levels of PAF in their sera than H1RA responders. A generalized linear model revealed that a higher UAS7 score (odds ratio 1.023, p = 0.024) and a PAF level ≥ 5000 pg/ml (1.409, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of a poor response to H1RA treatment. Conclusions Compared with NCs, CSU patients, particularly those with H1RA refractoriness, showed significant increases in serum PAF levels and decreases in PAF-AH. Therapies modulating PAF and PAF-AH levels could be effective in patients with CSU refractory to antihistamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastsetseg Ulambayar
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Cha
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Yoo-Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
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Guo X, Zheng M, Pan R, Zang B, Gao J, Ma H, Jin M. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) targets the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor and inhibits human bronchial smooth muscle activation induced by PAF. Food Funct 2019; 10:4661-4673. [PMID: 31292579 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the main active ingredient of edible plant safflower. HSYA has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. The inflammatory response is the key mechanism responsible for asthma, and the pro-inflammatory platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known to play a role in the pathology of bronchial asthma. In this study, we stimulated human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs) with PAF and examined the effects of HSYA on the resulting asthma-related process. PAF stimulation induced HBSMC activation, induced proliferation, increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and activated asthma-related signaling pathways. All these effects were significantly inhibited by treatment with HSYA (9, 27, 81 μmol L-1). The effects of HSYA were prevented by the addition of a PAF receptor (PAFR) antagonist or by PAFR gene silencing with small interfering RNA. These results suggest that HSYA may inhibit PAF-induced activation of HBSMCs by targeting the PAFR. Overall, these findings provide evidence that HSYA can be applied as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Benralizumab, a humanized, anti-interleukin-5 (anti-IL-5) receptor α monoclonal antibody that directly and rapidly depletes eosinophils, has shown significant efficacy in reducing asthma exacerbations and improving lung function in moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma patients. However, there is some controversy regarding the adverse events (AEs) of benralizumab and a comprehensive analysis of these AEs has not been performed. This study aimed to assess the incidence of these AEs in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We searched for RCTs in the Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases that compared benralizumab with placebo in moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma patients. The outcome was the incidence of AEs during the observation period. RESULTS Eight RCTs were analyzed in this study. Patients treated with benralizumab had a lower risk of overall AEs (risk ratio (RR) 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-0.98), serious adverse events (SAEs) (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68-0.98), asthma exacerbation (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85), bronchitis (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.96) and sinusitis (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.85), but had a higher risk of headache (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07-1.87) and pyrexia (RR 2.26, 95% CI 1.32-3.87) than patients treated with placebo. No increased incidence of death, hypersensitivity, injection-site reactions, nasopharyngitis, rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection, influenza, cough, nausea, back pain or arthralgia was observed with benralizumab compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Benralizumab reduced the risk of SAEs, asthma exacerbation, bronchitis and sinusitis, and aggravated the risk of headache and pyrexia. Other AEs were comparable between the benralizumab group and placebo group. Therefore, benralizumab is a relatively safe drug, but vigilance regarding AEs is imperative during long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City
| | - Xuesu Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City
| | - Weikang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City
- Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice through MAPK/ERK/JNK Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6769789. [PMID: 31139644 PMCID: PMC6500688 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6769789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Observe the protective effect of chlorogenic acid on dextran sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice and explore the regulation of MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway. Methods Seventy C57BL/6 mice (half males and half females) were randomly divided into 7 groups, 10 in each group: control group (CON group), UC model group (UC group), and sulfasalazine-positive control group (SASP group), chlorogenic acid low dose group (CGA-L group), chlorogenic acid medium dose group (CGA-M group), chlorogenic acid high dose group (CGA-H group), and ERK inhibitor + chlorogenic acid group (E+CGA group). The effects of chlorogenic acid on UC were evaluated by colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), HE staining, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blot. The relationship between chlorogenic acid and MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway was explored by adding ERK inhibitor. Results The UC models were established successfully by drinking DSS water. Chlorogenic acid reduces DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage, inhibits DSS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in colon, and reduces ERK1/2, p -ERK, p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK protein expression. ERK inhibitor U0126 reversed the protective effect of chlorogenic acid on colon tissue. Conclusion Chlorogenic acid can alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, which can significantly reduce tissue inflammation and apoptosis, and its mechanism is related to the MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway.
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Jin B, Wang Y, Zhang T, Yin W, Zhang D, Huang H, Ma C. Degradation Characteristics of a Novel PAF Receptor Antagonist, SY0916, in Aqueous Solution. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:8789470. [PMID: 30766739 PMCID: PMC6350595 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8789470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SY0916 has been proven to be a potent treatment agent against rheumatoid arthritis in preclinical studies and has been shown to be safe in phase I clinical trials. However, SY0916 is unstable in water, which is frequently used in pharmaceutical development processes. The degradation behaviour and stability of SY0916 in aqueous solutions were investigated at different pH levels, periods of time, and temperatures. Two degradation products (DPs) were successfully separated and characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), liquid chromatography coupled to nuclear magnetic resonance with solid phase extraction (LC-SPE-NMR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). SY0916 decomposed to its α,β-unsaturated ketone in protonic solvents, and the α,β-unsaturated ketone further transformed into its alcohol form through a conjugate addition reaction in aqueous media. The results of this study indicate that the pH of the buffer solutions should be maintained between 3.0 and 3.6 for maximum SY0916 stability. Factors that affect degradation should be carefully controlled to mitigate or avoid drug decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wanting Yin
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haihong Huang
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Impact of polyphenols on mast cells with special emphasis on the effect of quercetin and luteolin. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:476-481. [PMID: 30799996 PMCID: PMC6384425 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.81347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are ubiquitous in food and have long been recognized to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Mast cells (MCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, allergy, autoimmunity and cancer. MCs derive from hematopoietic progenitor cells, reside virtually in all vascularized tissue and are activated by crosslinking of FceRI-bound IgE (at very high affinity: 1 × 1010 M-1) with multivalent antigen. MCs in cytoplasmic granules release preformed chemical mediators, and also they can release lipid mediators and cytokines/chemokines without degranulation. Luteolin, 3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, is a flavonoid contained in many kinds of plants including vegetables and fruits. This anti-oxidant product inhibits interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-triggered keratinocytes, and is a candidate for use in alternative therapies in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Quercetin (3,3’,4’,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a ubiquitous flavonoid which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and causes a reduction in the availability of nitrite that influences vascular function. Quercetin exerts physiological functions though the interaction with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), kinase (MEK) 1, and others, and has a negative effect on FceRI cross-linking and other activating receptors on mast cells. In this article we report for the first time the interrelationship between mast cells and polyphenols.
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40
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Ehlers AM, Blankestijn MA, Knulst AC, Klinge M, Otten HG. Can alternative epitope mapping approaches increase the impact of B-cell epitopes in food allergy diagnostics? Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 49:17-26. [PMID: 30294841 PMCID: PMC7380004 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro allergy diagnostics are currently based on the detection of specific IgE binding on intact allergens or a mixture thereof. This approach has drawbacks as it may yield false‐negative and/or false‐positive results. Thus, we reviewed the impact of known B‐cell epitopes of food allergens to predict transience or persistence, tolerance or allergy and the severity of an allergic reaction and to examine new epitope mapping strategies meant to improve serum‐based allergy diagnostics. Recent epitope mapping approaches have been worthwhile in epitope identification and may increase the specificity of allergy diagnostics by using epitopes predominately recognized by allergic patients in some cases. However, these approaches did not lead to discrimination between clinically relevant and irrelevant epitopes so far, since the polyclonal serum IgE‐binding epitope spectrum seems to be too individual, independent of the disease status of the patients. New epitope mapping strategies are necessary to overcome these obstacles. The use of patient‐derived monoclonal antibodies instead of patient sera for functional characterization of clinically relevant and irrelevant epitope combinations, distinguished by their ability to induce degranulation, might be a promising approach to gain more insight into the allergic reaction and to improve serum‐based allergy diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ehlers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Blankestijn
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andre C Knulst
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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41
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Yu WB, Cao L, Zhao YY, Xiao W, Xiao BG. Comparing the role of Ginkgolide B and Ginkgolide K on cultured astrocytes exposed to oxygen‑glucose deprivation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4417-4427. [PMID: 30221704 PMCID: PMC6172388 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB) and ginkgolide K (GK) are two main active monomers of ginkgolides that present a unique group of diterpenes found naturally in the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and serve essential roles in maintaining healthy brain function. The present study compared the biological effects of GB and GK on astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The results demonstrated that GB and GK exhibit many different actions. The level of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) was elevated on astrocytes exposed to OGD, and inhibited by GB and GK treatment. Although GB and GK inhibited the expression of p-NF-κB/p65, GK exerted stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on astrocytes exposed to OGD than GB by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducing IL-10 and the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/HO-1 signaling pathway. When compared with GB treatment, GK treatment maintained high levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphorylated-protein kinase B expression, and induced a marked upregulation of Wnt family member 1 and brain derived neurotrophic factor, indicating that GK, as a natural plant compound, may have more attractive prospects for clinical application in the treatment of neurological disorders than GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New‑Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New‑Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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42
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Hashimoto T, Rosen JD, Sanders KM, Yosipovitch G. Possible roles of basophils in chronic itch. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:1373-1379. [PMID: 29894005 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Basophils are blood granulocytes and normally constitute <1% of blood peripheral leucocytes. Basophils share some morphological and functional similarities with mast cells, and basophils were once regarded as redundant and negligible circulating mast cells. However, recent studies reveal the indispensable roles of basophils in various diseases, including allergic and pruritic diseases. Basophils may be involved in itch through the mediation of a Th2 immune response, interaction with other cells in the skin and secretion of a wide variety of itch-related mediators, for example histamine, cytokines and chemokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and TSLP), proteases (cathepsin S), prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGD2), substance P and platelet-activating factor. Not only pruritic skin diseases (eg, atopic dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, chronic urticaria, prurigo, papulo-erythroderma of Ofuji, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, scabies, tick bites and bullous pemphigoid) but also pruritic systemic diseases (eg, primary sclerosing cholangitis and polycythemia vera) may be affected by basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordan D Rosen
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristen M Sanders
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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43
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Hou T, Lou Y, Li S, Zhao C, Ji Y, Wang D, Tang L, Zhou M, Xu W, Qian M, Wu Z, Zhao J, Wei H, Li Z, Xiao J. Kadsurenone is a useful and promising treatment strategy for breast cancer bone metastases by blocking the PAF/PTAFR signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2255-2262. [PMID: 30008927 PMCID: PMC6036417 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is characterized by high incidences of bone metastases. Current treatment strategies for BC bone metastases primarily focused on breaking the ‘vicious osteolytic cycle’. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid mediator, which has previously reported biological activities in BC progression and osteoclast differentiation by activating its receptor PAF receptor (PTAFR). However, the role of PAF in the mediation of BC bone metastases remains elusive. In the present study, it was revealed that the upregulation of PTAFR was associated with an increased incidence of bone metastases. It was also revealed that PAF significantly enhanced the processes of BC cell migration and BC mediated osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that PAF serves a promotion role in BC bone metastases. It was further demonstrated that the natural PAF antagonist Kadsurenone may effectively attenuate each process by partially blocking the PAF/PTAFR signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting PAF/PTAFR by Kadsurenone may be a promising treatment strategy for BC bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.,Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lou
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yingzheng Ji
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tang
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qian
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Harrison KA, Romer E, Weyerbacher J, Ocana JA, Sahu RP, Murphy RC, Kelly LE, Smith TA, Rapp CM, Borchers C, Cool DR, Li G, Simman R, Travers JB. Enhanced Platelet-Activating Factor Synthesis Facilitates Acute and Delayed Effects of Ethanol-Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2461-2469. [PMID: 29857067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermal burn injuries in patients who are alcohol-intoxicated result in greater morbidity and mortality. Murine models combining ethanol and localized thermal burn injury reproduce the systemic toxicity seen in human subjects, which consists of both acute systemic cytokine production with multiple organ dysfunction, as well as a delayed systemic immunosuppression. However, the exact mechanisms for these acute and delayed effects are unclear. These studies sought to define the role of the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor in the acute and delayed effects of intoxicated burn injury. Combining ethanol and thermal burn injury resulted in increased enzymatic platelet-activating factor generation in a keratinocyte cell line in vitro, human skin explants ex vivo, as well as in murine skin in vivo. Further, the acute increase in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and the systemic immunosuppressive effects of intoxicated thermal burn injury were suppressed in mice lacking platelet-activating factor receptors. Together, these studies provide a potential mechanism and treatment strategies for the augmented toxicity and immunosuppressive effects of thermal burn injury in the setting of acute ethanol exposure, which involves the pleotropic lipid mediator platelet-activating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric Romer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan Weyerbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jesus A Ocana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa E Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Townsend A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine M Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Borchers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - David R Cool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Gengxin Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Simman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; The Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH.
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45
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Gotovina J, Pranger CL, Jensen AN, Wagner S, Kothgassner OD, Mothes-Luksch N, Palme R, Larenas-Linnemann D, Singh J, Mösges R, Felnhofer A, Glenk LM, Jensen-Jarolim E. Elevated oxytocin and noradrenaline indicate higher stress levels in allergic rhinitis patients: Implications for the skin prick diagnosis in a pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196879. [PMID: 29813071 PMCID: PMC5973608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The effects of acute stress on allergic symptoms are little understood. The intention of this clinical study was to study the effects of acute stress and related mediators in allergic rhinitis (AR), taking the wheal and flare reaction in skin prick testing (SPT) as a readout. METHODS 19 healthy and 21 AR patients were first subjected to SPTs with grass pollen-, birch pollen- and house dust mite allergen extracts, histamine and negative control. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a standardized Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), followed by SPT on the contralateral forearm. Stress responders were identified based on the salivary cortisol levels and State-subscale of State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Blood samples were collected before and after TSST and adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, oxytocin, platelet activating factor and prostaglandin D2 were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS SPT results of 14/21 allergics and 11/19 healthy who responded with stress after TSST were evaluated. No significant differences regarding SPT to allergens or histamine before and after the stress test could be calculated at the group level. But, the wheal and flare sizes after TSST increased or decreased substantially in several individuals, and unmasked sensitization in one "healthy" person, which could not be correlated with any mediator tested. The most significant finding, however, was that, independent of TSST, the baseline levels of oxytocin and noradrenaline were significantly higher in allergics. CONCLUSION High baseline levels of noradrenaline points toward higher stress levels in allergic patients, which might be counterregulated by elevated oxytocin. Moreover, our data indicate that acute stress may have a significant influence on SPT fidelity in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Gotovina
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina L. Pranger
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika N. Jensen
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald D. Kothgassner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jaswinder Singh
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Mösges
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Felnhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa-Maria Glenk
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria
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Tsoupras A, Lordan R, Zabetakis I. Inflammation, not Cholesterol, Is a Cause of Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E604. [PMID: 29757226 PMCID: PMC5986484 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Seven Countries Study, dietary cholesterol and the levels of serum cholesterol in relation to the development of chronic diseases have been somewhat demonised. However, the principles of the Mediterranean diet and relevant data linked to the examples of people living in the five blue zones demonstrate that the key to longevity and the prevention of chronic disease development is not the reduction of dietary or serum cholesterol but the control of systemic inflammation. In this review, we present all the relevant data that supports the view that it is inflammation induced by several factors, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), that leads to the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rather than serum cholesterol. The key to reducing the incidence of CVD is to control the activities of PAF and other inflammatory mediators via diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices. The relevant studies and data supporting these views are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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Cooper A, Singh S, Hook S, Tyndall JDA, Vernall AJ. Chemical Tools for Studying Lipid-Binding Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:316-353. [PMID: 28655732 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid, free fatty acid, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, prostanoid, leukotriene, bile acid, and platelet-activating factor receptor families are class A G protein-coupled receptors with endogenous lipid ligands. Pharmacological tools are crucial for studying these receptors and addressing the many unanswered questions surrounding expression of these receptors in normal and diseased tissues. An inherent challenge for developing tools for these lipid receptors is balancing the often lipophilic requirements of the receptor-binding pharmacophore with favorable physicochemical properties to optimize highly specific binding. In this study, we review the radioligands, fluorescent ligands, covalent ligands, and antibodies that have been used to study these lipid-binding receptors. For each tool type, the characteristics and design rationale along with in vitro and in vivo applications are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cooper
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sameek Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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48
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Lv XX, Liu SS, Li K, Cui B, Liu C, Hu ZW. Cigarette smoke promotes COPD by activating platelet-activating factor receptor and inducing neutrophil autophagic death in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74720-74735. [PMID: 29088819 PMCID: PMC5650374 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most important effector cells during the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although neutrophil elastase is critical in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung parenchyma, the mechanism by which CS triggers elastase release from neutrophils remains unclear. Here we report that CS induction of autophagy in neutrophils by activating platelet- activating factor receptor (PAFR) promotes COPD progression in mouse. We found that the dead neutrophils were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from CS-exposed mice. Blocking PAFR suppressed the CS-induced autophagy in neutrophils, protected neutrophils from death, and reduced elastase release. Mechanistically, CS enhanced ROS production and High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression through activation of PAFR. The elevated HMGB1 interacted with beclin1, which promoted the dissociation of Bcl-2 from beclin1 and the assembly of autophagy core complex. Moreover, the antagonism of PAFR by rupatadine, a prescription PAFR inhibitor, protected against the development of emphysema, and reduced the autophagic death of neutrophils after CS exposure. These results suggest that CS contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD partly by inducing a PAFR-dependent autophagic death of neutrophils. Therefore, PAFR may be a therapeutic target for COPD and inhibition of PAFR may provide potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Lv
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bing Cui
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, P.R. China
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49
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McBrien CN, Menzies-Gow A. The Biology of Eosinophils and Their Role in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:93. [PMID: 28713812 PMCID: PMC5491677 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will describe the structure and function of the eosinophil. The roles of several relevant cell surface molecules and receptors will be discussed. We will also explore the systemic and local processes triggering eosinophil differentiation, maturation, and migration to the lungs in asthma, as well as the cytokine-mediated pathways that result in eosinophil activation and degranulation, i.e., the release of multiple pro-inflammatory substances from eosinophil-specific granules, including cationic proteins, cytokines, chemokines growth factors, and enzymes. We will discuss the current understanding of the roles that eosinophils play in key asthma processes such as airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling, in addition to the evidence relating to eosinophil–pathogen interactions within the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Menzies-Gow
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Gangwar RS, Minai-Fleminger Y, Seaf M, Gutgold A, Shikotra A, Barber C, Chauhan A, Holgate S, Bradding P, Howarth P, Eliashar R, Berkman N, Levi-Schaffer F. CD48 on blood leukocytes and in serum of asthma patients varies with severity. Allergy 2017; 72:888-895. [PMID: 27859399 DOI: 10.1111/all.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD48 is a membrane receptor (mCD48) on eosinophils and mast cells and exists in a soluble form (sCD48). CD48 has a pivotal role in murine asthma and in the proinflammatory interactions of mast cells with eosinophils via its ligand CD244. Thus, CD48 might be important in human asthma. METHODS Therefore, two separate cohorts (IL and UK) comprising mild, moderate, and severe asthma and healthy volunteers were evaluated for blood leukocyte mCD48 expression and sCD48 in serum. Asthmatic bronchial biopsies were immunostained for CD48. sCD48 effect on CD244-dependent eosinophil activation was evaluated. RESULTS Eosinophil mCD48 expression was significantly elevated in moderate while downregulated in severe asthma. mCD48 expression on B, T, and NK cells and monocytes in severe asthma was significantly increased. sCD48 levels were significantly higher in mild while reduced in severe asthma. sCD48 optimal cutoff values for differentiating asthma from health were identified as >1482 pg/ml (IL) and >1619 pg/ml (UK). In asthmatic bronchial biopsies, mCD48 was expressed predominantly by eosinophils. sCD48 inhibited anti-CD244-induced eosinophil activation. CONCLUSIONS mCD48 and sCD48 are differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of asthma patients of varying severity. sCD48 inhibits CD244-mediated eosinophil activation. These findings suggest that CD48 may play an important role in human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Y. Minai-Fleminger
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - M. Seaf
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - A. Gutgold
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - A. Shikotra
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; Institute for Lung Health; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. Barber
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton UK
| | - A. Chauhan
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust; Portsmouth UK
| | - S. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton UK
| | - P. Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; Institute for Lung Health; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - P. Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton UK
| | - R. Eliashar
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - N. Berkman
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine; Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - F. Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
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