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van Gisbergen MP, Hoogsteder LM. A pilot study regarding the feasibility and efficacy of an outpatient treatment program for young adult high-risk offenders (YAHOP). J Forensic Sci 2024. [PMID: 38661090 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study examines whether the Young Adult Habitual Offender Program (YAHOP), an intensive and outpatient program, is related to a reduction in the general risk of recidivism, common forensic symptomology as well as cognitive distortions. The program integrity (PI) was assessed, with the intent to explore the relationship between the level of PI and any changes in several outcome variables. Additionally, the study examines whether participants with a migration background benefitted equally from YAHOP compared to participants with a native Dutch background. The sample comprised n = 90 high-risk young adult offenders. Results show a decrease in general risk of recidivism. The dynamic risk factors delinquent social network, insufficient impulse control, and dysfunctional problem-solving skills also show a decrease, as well as the forensic symptoms of aggression and anger. Effect sizes are small, except for anger, which has a medium effect size. We found no change in cognitive distortions and problematic substance use. YAHOP shows to be responsive and culturally sensitive, as the participants with a migration background show a significant decrease in general risk of recidivism. No moderator analysis was conducted due to an overall low level of program integrity. After improving program integrity, full-scale quantitative research is needed as YAHOP has the potential as a promising desistance program for high-risk offenders, as in this study the 56 non-completers were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa M Hoogsteder
- De Waag, Center for Forensic Outpatient Treatment, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Program Group: Forensic Child and Youth Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Eck M, Da Costa J, Wathelet M, Beunas C, d'Ovidio K, Moncany AH, Thomas P, Fovet T. [Prevalence of mental disorders in French prisons: A systematic review]. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(24)00018-6. [PMID: 38378405 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among prisoners remains a major public health issue worldwide. In France, despite the increasing number of persons who are incarcerated (+30% between 1992 and 2002 with a 120% prison overcrowding), and a historical concern about the mental health of persons in detention and its management, no systematic review has been published on this subject. The aim of this article is to present the results of a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons. METHOD The reporting of this systematic review conforms to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases. We used combinations of keywords relating to prison (prison*, jail*, inmate*), to psychiatry ("mental health", psychiatr*), and to France (France, French). This work was completed with a search through the digital libraries of the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP) and of the Système Universitaire de Documentation (Sudoc) to obtain data from academic works and the gray literature. References cited in studies included in this review were also examined. All references published up to September 2022, written in English or French, presenting the results of original quantitative studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in correctional settings were included. Two researchers independently extracted data from included references according to a pre-established protocol. RESULTS Among 501 records identified, a total of 35 papers based on 24 epidemiological studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review: 16 were cross-sectional, 7 retrospective and 1 both cross-sectional and retrospective. All papers were published between 1999 and 2022. We found one European study, 5 international studies, 18 regional or local studies. Of these, 21 studies had all-male or mixed gender samples (but when the sample was mixed gender, it was always at least 92% male). Almost half of the studies (n=11) involved a small sample of fewer than 500 persons. Half of the studies involved a sample of recently incarcerated persons: 6 involved a random sample of persons in detention, and 1 involved a sample of people incarcerated for more than 5 years. The last 5 studies focused on persons aged over 50 years and incarcerated for more than one year (n=1), incarcerated for sexual offences (n=2), placed in disciplinary cells (n=1) or in a special wing for radicalized or suspected radicalized individuals (n=1). Nine studies used standardized and validated diagnostic tools. According to the 4 studies involving representative samples and using standardized and validated diagnostic tools, the prevalence of the following psychiatric disorders was: 29.4-44.4% for anxiety disorders, 5-14.2% for PTSD, 28-31.2% for mood disorders, 6.9-17% for psychotic disorders, 32% for personality disorders and 11% for ADHD. CONCLUSION This systematic review of the literature highlights the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons. The data collected are in line with international studies. The great methodological heterogeneity of the papers included in this review calls for further rigorous research to better understand the rates of mental disorders in French prisons and to explore their determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Eck
- Pôle de psychiatrie légale et de conduites addictives en milieu pénitentiaire, centre hospitalier Gérard Marchant, 31057 Toulouse, France; Inserm, U1172 - Lille neuroscience & cognition, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Julien Da Costa
- Pôle de psychiatrie légale et de conduites addictives en milieu pénitentiaire, centre hospitalier Gérard Marchant, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Marielle Wathelet
- Pôle de psychiatrie, médecine légale et médecine en milieu pénitentiaire, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France (F2RSM Psy), Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Clément Beunas
- Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France (F2RSM Psy), Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Kévin d'Ovidio
- Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France (F2RSM Psy), Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Anne-Hélène Moncany
- Pôle de psychiatrie légale et de conduites addictives en milieu pénitentiaire, centre hospitalier Gérard Marchant, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Inserm, U1172 - Lille neuroscience & cognition, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Pôle de psychiatrie, médecine légale et médecine en milieu pénitentiaire, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Inserm, U1172 - Lille neuroscience & cognition, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Pôle de psychiatrie, médecine légale et médecine en milieu pénitentiaire, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Robles-Ramamurthy B, Zaki S, Sandoval JF, Dube AR, Hlozek S, Fortuna LR, Williamson AA. Improving adolescent sleep in long-term Juvenile correctional settings: case examples with clinical, research, and policy implications. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae006. [PMID: 38425455 PMCID: PMC10904105 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Poor sleep during adolescence is a public health concern that may be especially important to address among youth in juvenile correctional facilities, who tend to experience greater mental health challenges, substance use disorders, and traumatic stress exposure. However, evidence for addressing sleep in correctional settings is limited. Using de-identified composite clinical cases, this paper describes challenges and opportunities for addressing sleep disorders (i.e. insomnia) and promoting sleep health (i.e. improving duration, regularity, and behaviors) among adolescents in long-term juvenile correctional facilities. These clinical cases highlight common presenting problems and underscore the need for integrated sleep and mental health interventions as well as adaptations to enhance feasibility and efficacy of behavioral sleep treatment and sleep health promotion in juvenile correctional contexts. We conclude by summarizing clinical, research, and policy implications for addressing adolescent sleep problems and promoting sleep health and well-being in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Robles-Ramamurthy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saadia Zaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica F Sandoval
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anish R Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University College of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Hlozek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lisa R Fortuna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ariel A Williamson
- Ballmer Institute for Children’s Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, USA
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Blair C, Leonard R, Linden M, Teggart T, Mooney S. Allied health professional support for children and young adults living in and leaving care: A systematic scoping review. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13140. [PMID: 37300280 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and young people living in and leaving care are known to have experienced significant childhood adversity and trauma resulting in potentially deleterious impact on their health and well-being across the life course. Studies point to the complex needs of this population who may benefit from allied health professional (AHP)-related support with limited studies located. This review sought to address this gap by systematically scoping empirical literature focused on the provision of AHP support to this cohort of children and young adults to assist an understanding of the service needs for this vulnerable population. METHODS This scoping review followed Arskey and O'Malley's five steps framework (2005) to identify and review relevant literature. A focus on identifying the evidence, challenges and gaps in research relating to AHP support for children and young people living in and leaving care was initially agreed, followed by a systematic search using a combination of three key concepts to identify relevant studies in five AHP disciplinary areas to identify best evidence in the past decade (2011-2021). Study inclusion criteria were based on empirical studies of children and young people living in care (0-17 years) and leaving care (18-25 years). A data extraction table was formulated as a means of charting the data, aligned with the scope and objectives of this review. Finally, data were subsequently collated, synthesised and reported based on key thematic areas emerging from included studies regarding AHP support to children and young people living in and leaving care. RESULTS A total of 13 studies met the review inclusion criteria. Included studies reported specifically on speech and language therapist (SLT; n = 5), occupational therapist (OT; n = 3) and arts-based therapies (n = 5). No studies were identified with regard to the use of physiotherapy and dietetics with this population. Results indicated that children and young people living in and leaving care have high rates of speech, language, communication and sensory needs. More rigorous screening, assessment and early intervention were identified as essential for this vulnerable group. Increased multidisciplinary collaboration and OT support for young adults in preparation for transition to independent living was identified as an urgent requirement. Included studies indicate promising results in relation to access to arts-based therapies with particular reference to identity formation for children and young people living in and leaving care. CONCLUSIONS Although evidence of effectiveness remains limited, AHP service provision (specifically speech and language therapy, occupational therapy and arts-based therapies) has the potential to contribute positively to addressing the complex and interacting needs of this vulnerable population. As a result, it is recommended that AHP service provision is integrated into the collaborative, multidisciplinary care available to children living in and leaving care. More extensive, higher quality research related to the benefits of AHP provision for this population of children and young people is essential to provide a more robust evidence base across the various professional disciplines that constitute allied health provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Blair
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Rachel Leonard
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark Linden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Suzanne Mooney
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Hauschild S, Kasper L, Volkert J, Sobanski E, Taubner S. Mentalization-based treatment for adolescents with conduct disorder (MBT-CD): a feasibility study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2611-2622. [PMID: 36434148 PMCID: PMC9702655 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a common psychiatric disorder in youth characterized by persisting norm-violating or aggressive behavior. Considering high individual and societal burden, feasible and effective psychotherapeutic treatment is desirable. Yet, treatments and research in this patient group are scarce. This study investigates the feasibility of mentalization-based treatment for adolescents with CD (MBT-CD) in terms of acceptability of MBT-CD and scientific assessments by participants as well as necessary organizational resources to conduct a consecutive randomized controlled trial (RCT). Recruitment, adherence and treatment session numbers were descriptively analyzed. Treatment evaluation interviews were qualitatively analyzed. A subset of sessions of therapists without prior MBT experience was rated for MBT adherence. Quantitative data were used to plan a consecutive RCT. Pre to post treatment changes in diagnosis and self-reported aggression, mentalizing and personality functioning were preliminarily analyzed. N = 45 adolescents with CD were recruited. 43% dropped out. Acceptance of scientific assessments was somewhat lower than therapy adherence (questionnaires filled out by ~ 80% of adolescents in treatment), and low at follow-up (25% of treatment completers). Mean session number was 30.3. Most treatment completers were satisfied with MBT-CD. Referrals mainly came from child and youth services and psychiatry. Nine of 16 sessions rated for MBT adherence were adherent. A priori sample size estimation for a prospective RCT with a drop-out rate of 43% yielded a sample of N = 158 to detect an effect f = .15 with 80% power in a repeated measures ANOVA. Pre-post analyses revealed diagnostic improvement in 68%. Of self-reported data, empathy pathology improved. Findings provide a sound basis for a consecutive feasibility and pilot RCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number NCT02988453, November 30, 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02988453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hauschild
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lea Kasper
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Volkert
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Lucerne Psychiatry, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Taubner
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Choi BS, Kim B. Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Detainees in South Korea: A Comparative Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2068. [PMID: 38138171 PMCID: PMC10744417 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: High rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities have been reported in juvenile detainees, which have been associated with repeat offenses. However, research into this topic has been limited to Asian countries. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and sexual differences among juvenile detainees in a detention center in South Korea. Materials and Methods: The participants comprised 54 males and 46 females, with a minimum intelligence score of 80. Psychiatric diagnosis was determined using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2) was used to investigate gender differences. Results: Using the MINI-KID, the most frequent diseases were conduct disorder (CD), alcohol dependence, suicidal tendency, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with statistically significant differences between men and women. Only alcohol abuse was higher in males, while the rest were higher in females. The items with a statistically significant gender difference in MAYSI-2 were alcohol/drug use, feeling depressed/anxious, somatic complaints, suicidal ideation, and traumatic experiences. All items for which gender difference was statistically significant were higher in the proportion of women. Conclusions: Juvenile detainees exhibit high rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities. CDs, alcohol dependence, and ADHD are the most common psychiatric disorders among juvenile detainees in South Korea. Assessment of and intervention in psychiatric disorders may help prevent further offenses. These findings highlight the importance of diagnosing and intervening in psychiatric disorders within juvenile detention systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Sung Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bongseog Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dong-il Street, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
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Guilherme EA, Moreno RA. Mood disorders among adolescents in conflict with the law and in custody. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2023; 31:47-56. [PMID: 38455270 PMCID: PMC10916895 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2175065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms among juvenile delinquents is a well-replicated international finding. This study aimed to find the prevalence of mood disorders and their relationship with serious criminal acts in a population of adolescents in conflict with the law and in custody. A total of 123 male inmates aged 14 to 17 years were interviewed and assessed. Mood disorders were diagnosed in 15% of the sample for current episode and 31% for lifetime, making them third most prevalent after dependence disorders and disruptive disorders. The psychopathological profile of the adolescents who had committed violent crimes corroborates other studies reporting a high prevalence of mood disorders in this population. Several factors have been found to influence the formation of juvenile delinquency, including absence of family structure, social inequality, lack of quality school education, alcohol and drug abuse/addiction and disruptive disorders. The present results confirm mood disorders as another such factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alves Guilherme
- Mood Disorders Unit (GRUDA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program of Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PROTHA), Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alberto Moreno
- Mood Disorders Unit (GRUDA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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[Forensic adolescent psychiatry: the care situation in Austria]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2023; 37:22-25. [PMID: 36422817 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Austria there is a lack of registered experts in the field of forensic child and adolescent psychiatry. Their tasks include the assessment of young people in various legal issues, but there is also a lack of child and adolescent psychiatrists for treatment and care for mentally ill adolescents in prison. This lack means that child psychiatric questions are often answered by psychologists or adult psychiatrists.In the group of incarcerated young people, there is an increased proportion of mental illnesses. However, it is also known that young people with-primarily externalizing-mental illnesses also show a significantly increased risk of becoming delinquent. Specialized youth psychiatric treatment can also have a (relapse) preventive effect.To ascertain the exact requirement in Austria, the figures are lacking. These numbers should be collected urgently.Furthermore, a structured training for forensic child and adolescent psychiatrists should be expanded and a platform for exchange and supervision of child psychiatrists working in forensic topics would be desirable. If it is possible to cover the need in this area, the goal that children and adolescents are only examined by specially trained child and adolescent psychiatrists, can be achieved.
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Robertson AA, Gardner S, Dembo R, Dennis M, Pankow J, Wilson KJ. Impact of implementation interventions to improve substance use service delivery on recidivism among justice-involved youth. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36853574 PMCID: PMC9972752 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are prevalent among justice-involved youth (JIY) and are a robust predictor of re-offending. Only a fraction of JIY with substance use problems receive treatment. This paper describes the impacts of system-level efforts to improve identification and referral to treatment on recidivism of JIY. A cluster randomized trial involving 20 county juvenile justice agency sites across 5 states was used to implement an organizational intervention (Core vs Enhanced) to juvenile justice staff and community-based treatment providers, working with 18,698 JIY from March 2014 to August 2017. Recidivism rates over four study time periods were examined. Logistic regression was used to predict recidivism as a function of site, need for SUD services, level of supervision, time, organizational intervention, and time x intervention interaction terms. Results indicated that Enhanced sites showed decreased levels of recidivism compared to Core-only sites, where it increased over time. Additionally, need for SU services, level of supervision, and site were significant predictors of reoffending. Findings suggest the potential value of facilitation of juvenile justice agency efforts to increasing identification of and referral to SUD services of JIY in need of such services for reducing further contact with the legal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A. Robertson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
| | - Sheena Gardner
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
| | - Richard Dembo
- Department of Criminology, College of Behavioral & Criminal Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Michael Dennis
- Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, IL USA
| | - Jennifer Pankow
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Khirsten J. Wilson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
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Adolescent delinquent behavior and sleep deficiency: a test of multiple mechanisms using sibling comparison designs. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:167-176. [PMID: 35881194 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between adolescent delinquency and sleep deficiency. A comprehensive set of potential mechanisms underlying this association were also examined. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the present study employed sibling fixed effects models to account for unobservable family-level confounders, such as genetic predisposition, parenting style, parental ability, and school and neighborhood environments. In Sobel mediation tests, the following mechanism variables were explored: substance use, school-based relationships, and parent-child relationships. An increase in delinquency (measured by the total number of types of delinquent behavior engaged) was associated with an increased risk of sleep deficiency one year later. Sibling fixed effects models with a lagged dependent variable revealed that this association is robust to adjustment for family-level heterogeneity as well as prior sleep deficiency. Substance use was the most salient pathway linking delinquency to sleep deficiency (17% for binge drinking and 26% for marijuana use), followed by student-teacher relationships (17%) and father-child relationships (16%). The results of this study suggest that policymakers and practitioners may consider developing interventions to help delinquent adolescents avoid substance use and restore disruptions of student-teacher and father-child relationships.
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Rutten AX, Kempes M, Bongers IL, Vermeiren RRJM, van Nieuwenhuizen C. Offence type and neurodiversity: A comparison of 12-17-year-old boys charged with a criminal offence by diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or both. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2022; 32:404-413. [PMID: 36458968 PMCID: PMC10107250 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been evidenced as common among adolescents with delinquent behaviour. Less is known, however, about the relationship between these disorders and type of alleged offence, when the adolescent is involved with the criminal justice system. AIM Our aim was to investigate whether the type of alleged index offences among 12-17-year-olds differ between those diagnosed with ASD, ADHD or ASD + ADHD. METHOD The sample was selected for ASD and/or ADHD diagnoses from a database of all pre-trial forensic psychiatric and psychological assessments of male adolescents of 12-17 years old in the Netherlands for the years 2013 and 2014. For each record, independent researchers scored a 76-item checklist encompassing health and offending characteristics. Sixty-nine of the 1799 pre-trial assessments of these male adolescents had a diagnosis of ASD, 90 of ADHD and 29 had been diagnosed with both; these 188 cases formed our sample. RESULTS The rate of sex offences was significantly higher among those with ASD (N = 20, 29%) than those with ADHD (N = 10, 11%) or both (N = 4, 14%; Fisher's exact test = 8.54; p = 0.014). By contrast, the rate of property offences without violence was significantly higher among those with ADHD (N = 22, 24%) than those with ASD (N = 4, 6%) or both (N = 5, 17%; Fisher's exact test = 10.50, p = 0.004), whereas violent offending rates did not differ between the three groups. CONCLUSION Specific offence types were not equally distributed among male adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses. In our sample of male adolescents suspected of an offence nearly one-third of those diagnosed with ASD were convicted of a sex offence, suggesting highly specialised needs for further assessment and intervention. Among those diagnosed with ADHD, significantly more adolescents were charged with non-violent property offences. Such unequal distribution of alleged offence types among adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses justifies tailor-made attention for offending adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa X. Rutten
- GGzE Centre for Child and Adolescent PsychiatryEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Tilburg UniversityTranzoScientific Center for Care and WellbeingTilburgThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kempes
- Netherlands Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and PsychologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ilja L. Bongers
- GGzE Centre for Child and Adolescent PsychiatryEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Tilburg UniversityTranzoScientific Center for Care and WellbeingTilburgThe Netherlands
| | - Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryLUMC‐CuriumLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Chijs van Nieuwenhuizen
- GGzE Centre for Child and Adolescent PsychiatryEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Tilburg UniversityTranzoScientific Center for Care and WellbeingTilburgThe Netherlands
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Zupan B, Hutchings SM, Everitt LE, Gupta C. Language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in youth offenders: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2022; 57:1207-1228. [PMID: 35841339 PMCID: PMC9796836 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of language disorder in youth offenders far exceeds rates reported in community samples. Youth involved in the justice system are also at increased risk of a range of psychiatric disorders, including internalizing mental health problems (i.e., anxiety, depression). However, the frequency with which these co-occur in this population is not known. Understanding the co-occurrence of language disorder with anxiety and depression in youth offenders may contribute to more coordinated and targeted support for these vulnerable youth. AIMS To explore the co-occurrence of language disorder and anxiety and depression in youth offenders. METHODS & PROCEDURES A systematic literature search of six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, Medline, PyscINFO, PubMED, Scopus) was conducted (September 2021) using key search terms relevant to the systematic review question. Study inclusion criteria were: (1) original research published in English; (2) youth up to 21 years of age involved in the justice system; and (3) reported outcomes on language and anxiety and/or depression. All included studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal tool checklist relevant to study design. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, data synthesis was narrative. MAIN CONTRIBUTION Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. A range of measures was used to assess language abilities across samples. Only two studies directly addressed the relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems; both found no significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Although the results did not support a significant relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in youth offenders, the two appear to occur comorbidly as evidenced by heightened rates of both in the included samples. This review highlights the need for more robust studies aimed to better understand this relationship. Stronger evidence may contribute to increased collaborative speech pathology and psychology services which might increase youth offenders' accessibility and engagement in intervention programmes (e.g., cognitive-behaviour therapy; interpersonal skills training; individual counselling). WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject The markedly high rates of language disorder in youth involved in the justice system have been widely reported. It is also known that externalizing mental health problems often bring youth in contact with the justice system. Though there is some information about the prevalence of internalizing mental health problems in this population, the co-occurrence of language disorder and internalizing mental health problems has not been examined as widely. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study aimed to identify the frequency of co-occurrence of language disorder and anxiety and/or depression in youth offenders. Although the results did not support a significant relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in this population, results of the review provide evidence of heightened rates of both. This study also provides a summary of the various measures used to assess language and internalizing mental health in youth offenders across the eight studies included in this review. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? It is possible that the tests and sub-tests used to identify language disorders and internalizing mental health problems were not sensitive enough to identify the full extent of youth offenders' needs. Identifying the presence of language disorders and internalizing mental health problems and recognizing the impact these may have on the communication and behaviours of an individual can better inform staff and therapists as they engage and interact with youth in the justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbra Zupan
- College of Health SciencesSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLDAustralia
| | - Suzanne M. Hutchings
- College of Health SciencesSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLDAustralia
| | - Lucy E. Everitt
- College of Health SciencesSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLDAustralia
| | - Charlotte Gupta
- Appleton InstituteSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityWayvilleSAAustralia
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Buyle-Bodin S, Aly P, Fovet T. [Prison health care for juveniles who are incarcerated in France]. SOINS; LA REVUE DE REFERENCE INFIRMIERE 2022; 67:45-47. [PMID: 36681506 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In France, on the 1st march 2022, 656 underage persons are in prison. They have more psychiatric and substance use disorders compared to the juveniles in the general population. In prison, health care is organized according to three levels. A global and partnership approach is promoted. The main objectives are prevention, risk reduction and continuity of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Buyle-Bodin
- Unité sanitaire en milieu pénitentiaire, Centre pénitentiaire de Longuenesse, Établissement public de santé mentale Val-de-Lys-Artois, route des Bruyères, 62219 Longuenesse, France
| | - Pierrine Aly
- Direction de la protection judiciaire de la jeunesse, Ministère de la Justice, Pôle santé, 13 place Vendôme, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172, LilNcog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, 59000 Lille, France.
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14
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Sterling S, Parthasarathy S, Jones A, Weisner C, Metz V, Hartman L, Saba K, Kline-Simon AH. Young Adult Substance Use and Healthcare Use Associated With Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment in Pediatric Primary Care. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:S15-S23. [PMID: 36122965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) may impact future comorbidity and healthcare utilization among adolescents screening positive for substance use or mood problems. METHODS In a randomized trial sample, we compared an SBIRT group to usual care for substance use, mental health, medical diagnoses, and healthcare utilization over 7 years postscreening. RESULTS In logistic regression models adjusting for patient characteristics, the SBIRT group had lower odds of any substance (Odds Ratio[OR] = 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.66-.98), alcohol (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51-0.94), any drug (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54-0.98), marijuana (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50-0.98), and tobacco (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69-1.00) diagnoses, and lower odds of any inpatient hospitalizations (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41-0.85) compared with usual care. Negative binomial models examining number of visits among adolescents with at least one visit of that type found that those in the SBIRT group had fewer primary care (incidence rate ratio[iRR] = 0.90, p < .05) and psychiatry (iRR = 0.64, p < .01) and more addiction medicine (iRR = 1.52, p < .01) visits over 7 years compared with usual care. In posthoc analyses, we found that among Hispanic patients, those in the SBIRT group had lower odds of any substance, any drug and marijuana use disorder diagnoses compared with usual care, and among Black/African American patients, those in the SBIRT group had lower odds of alcohol use disorder diagnoses compared with usual care. DISCUSSION Beneficial effects of adolescent SBIRT on substance use and healthcare utilization may persist into young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Sterling
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
| | - Sujaya Parthasarathy
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Ashley Jones
- Kaiser Permanente Addiction Medicine and Recovery Services, Union City, California
| | - Constance Weisner
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Verena Metz
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | | | - Katrina Saba
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, California
| | - Andrea H Kline-Simon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
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15
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Belenko S, Dembo R, Knight DK, Elkington KS, Wasserman GA, Robertson AA, Welsh WN, Schmeidler J, Joe GW, Wiley T. Using structured implementation interventions to improve referral to substance use treatment among justice-involved youth: Findings from a multisite cluster randomized trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 140:108829. [PMID: 35751945 PMCID: PMC9357202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth involved in the justice system have high rates of alcohol and other drug use, but limited treatment engagement. JJ-TRIALS tested implementation activities with community supervision (CS) and behavioral health (BH) agencies to improve screening, identification of substance use service need, referral, and treatment initiation and engagement, guided by the BH Services Cascade and EPIS frameworks. This paper summarizes intervention impacts on referrals to treatment among youth on CS. METHODS This multisite cluster-randomized trial involved 18 matched pairs of sites in 36 counties in seven states randomly assigned to core or enhanced conditions after implementing the core intervention at all sites for six months. Enhanced sites received external facilitation for local change team activities to reduce unmet treatment needs; Core sites were encouraged to form interagency workgroups. The dependent variable was percentage referred to treatment among youth in need (N = 14,012). Two-level Bayesian regression assessed factors predicting referral across all sites and time periods. Generalized linear mixed models using logit transformation tested two hypotheses: (H1) referrals will increase from baseline to the experimental period, (H2) referral increases will be larger in enhanced sites than in core sites. RESULTS Although the intervention significantly increased referral, condition did not significantly predict referral across all time periods. Youth who tested drug positive, had an alcohol/other drug-related or felony charge, were placed in secure detention or assigned more intensive supervision, or who were White were more likely to be referred. H1 (p < .05) and H2 (p < .0001) were both significant in the hypothesized direction. Interaction analyses comparing site pair differences showed that findings were not consistent across sites. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of youth referred to treatment increased compared with baseline overall, and enhanced sites showed larger increases in referrals over time. However, variations in effects suggest that site-level differences were important. Researchers should carry out mixed methods studies to further understand reasons for the inconsistent findings within randomized site pairs, and how to further improve treatment referrals across CS and BH systems. Findings also highlight that even when CS agencies work collaboratively with BH providers to improve referrals, most justice-involved youth who need SU services are not referred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Dembo
- University of South Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Katherine S Elkington
- Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America
| | - Gail A Wasserman
- Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America
| | | | | | - James Schmeidler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America
| | - George W Joe
- Texas Christian University, United States of America
| | - Tisha Wiley
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, United States of America
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Manninen M, Koivukangas J, Holm M, Lindgren M. Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses among adolescents with severe conduct problems - A register-based follow-up study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 131:105765. [PMID: 35763955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both delinquency and out-of-home care (OOHC) are associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Reform schools (RS) are Finnish OOHC institutions for adolescents with severe conduct problems. OBJECTIVE We investigated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among individuals with a history of RS placement. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The data consisted of individuals placed in a RS on the last day of the years 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 or 2011 (N = 1074) and a matched comparison group (N = 5313). METHODS Information on lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, grouped into eight categories, was collected from the nationwide health care registry. The follow-up time ranged from 17 to 44 years. RESULTS Among RS population, 59.5 % had some psychiatric diagnosis, which was 12-fold compared to general population peers (hazard ratio HR = 12.4). The most prevalent categories were Conduct disorders and/or ADHD (30.7 %, HR = 41.5), Substance use disorders (29.3 %, HR = 16.8,), Other childhood disorders (8.6 %, HR = 11.9) and Personality disorders (10.9 %, HR = 11.6) followed by Mental retardation (6.4 %, HR = 8.4), Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (9.7 %, HR = 7.9), Affective disorders (17.9 %, HR = 7.3), and Disorders of psychological development (6.1 %, HR = 4.4). All differences were statistically significant (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS RS background associates with an excess of psychiatric disorders, which adds to the burden of other known risk factors for adult age well-being. Effective screening and intervention for psychiatric problems should be available both during the RS placement and after-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manninen
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jenny Koivukangas
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Holm
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maija Lindgren
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Seker S, Boonmann C, d'Huart D, Bürgin D, Schmeck K, Jenkel N, Steppan M, Grob A, Forsman H, Fegert JM, Schmid M. Mental Disorders Into Adulthood Among Adolescents Placed in Residential Care: A Prospective 10-Year Follow-up Study. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e40. [PMID: 35730184 PMCID: PMC9280920 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child welfare and juvenile justice placed youths show high levels of psychosocial burden and high rates of mental disorders. It remains unclear how mental disorders develop into adulthood in these populations. The aim was to present the rates of mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood in child welfare and juvenile justice samples and to examine their mental health trajectories from adolescence into adulthood. Methods Seventy adolescents in shared residential care, placed by child welfare (n = 52, mean age = 15 years) or juvenile justice (n = 18, mean age = 17 years) authorities, were followed up into adulthood (child welfare: mean age = 25 years; juvenile justice: mean age = 27 years). Mental disorders were assessed based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnoses at baseline and at follow-up. Epidemiological information on mental disorders was presented for each group. Bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling for the relationship of mental disorders were performed. Results In the total sample, prevalence rates of 73% and 86% for any mental disorder were found in adolescence (child welfare: 70%; juvenile justice: 83%) and adulthood (child welfare: 83%; juvenile justice: 94%) respectively. General psychopathology was found to be stable from adolescence into adulthood in both samples. Conclusions Our findings showed high prevalence rates and a high stability of general psychopathology into adulthood among child welfare and juvenile justice adolescents in Swiss residential care. Therefore, continuity of mental health care and well-prepared transitions into adulthood for such individuals is highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süheyla Seker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delfine d'Huart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Bürgin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Jenkel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Steppan
- Division of Developmental and Personality Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Division of Developmental and Personality Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hilma Forsman
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Aebi M, Haynes M, Bessler C, Hasler G. Associations of interpersonal trust with juvenile offending/conduct disorder, callous-unemotional traits, and criminal recidivism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7594. [PMID: 35534545 PMCID: PMC9085823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal trust has been described as a core dimension of cooperative, mutually beneficial interpersonal relationships but it is unclear if it is related to antisocial behaviours in youth. The present study aimed at analysing a subsample of male juveniles who committed serious violent offenses and met criteria of conduct disorder (JO/CD), and a subsample of healthy controls (HC) using a series of trust games (TGs). Twenty-four male JO/CD and 24 age matched male HC performed a series of eight one-shot TGs against different unknown human respectively computer opponents. Mixed model analyses found a non-significant trend that JO/CD invested less points than HC during TGs. In the subsample of JO/CD, the overall investment in TGs was found to be negatively associated with self-reported uncaring behaviours and officially reported general re-offenses. Our findings suggest some indication of an impaired ability of JO/CD to initiate mutually trusting relationships to others that should be addressed in further research. Trust is a promising factor to predict general criminal recidivism and can be a target for treatment of juveniles who committed violent offenses, for example through the building of stable relationships to care givers. This study encourages future studies to investigate the effects of trust-increasing psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Aebi
- Research and Development, Corrections and Rehabilitation, Department of Justice and Home Affairs, Canton of Zurich, Hohlstr. 552, 8090, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Melanie Haynes
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Bessler
- Research and Development, Corrections and Rehabilitation, Department of Justice and Home Affairs, Canton of Zurich, Hohlstr. 552, 8090, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Hashemi SF, Hosseinian S, Abdollahi A, Jalali F. Investigating the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument (MAYSI-2). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022:306624X221086575. [PMID: 35414287 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221086575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was done to prepare a Persian version of the MAYSI-2 and investigate its psychometric properties among the adolescents of the Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center in Mashhad. By available study sample 329 male adolescents were selected. The findings showed that the Cronbach's alpha values for subscales were from .74 to .91. Compound reliability was also obtained in different scales between .72 and .98 indicating the optimal reliability of the scale. The CVR and CVI indicating the appropriate content validity. The results of CFA showed that the factor loading of the items was more than .5. The scale had good structural validity. The GFI of .90, IFI of .91, and RMSEA of .072 were all within the acceptable limits. Convergent and divergent validity indicators showed that the subscales benefited from the convergent validity. Our results showed that the Persian version of the MAYSI-2 had desirable psychometric properties. Therefore, it can be used for assessing mental health problems of juvenile delinquent and upcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Hashemi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Hosseinian
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Jalali
- Negahe Mosbat Social Health Institute, Mashhad, Iran
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Barra S, Turner D, Retz-Junginger P, Hertz PG, Rösler M, Retz W. Mental Health in Young Detainees Predicts Perpetration of and Desistance From Serious, Violent and Chronic Offending. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:893460. [PMID: 35782447 PMCID: PMC9240463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems are common among young offenders but their role in predicting criminal recidivism is still not clear. Early identification and treatment of young offenders at risk of serious, violent, and chronic (SVC) offending is of major importance to increase their chances to develop into a healthy and non-criminal future and protect society from further crime. In the present study, we assessed mental health among 106 young offenders while incarcerated and analyzed their criminal careers up to 15 years after release. We found high rates of mental health issues, especially externalizing problems, but also concerning illegal substance and alcohol use patterns as well as personality disorders. Rule-breaking behavior and internalizing problems were negatively related to incarceration time until study assessment, but withdrawal and internalizing problems were positively associated with remaining time to release. Whereas, SVC status before assessment and after release were not statistically dependent, mental health issues predicted perpetration of and desistance from SVC offending after release. Alarming alcohol use appeared to be of specific importance in this regard. Findings indicate that young offenders at risk of future SVC offending may benefit from mental health treatment with specific focus on problematic alcohol consumption to prevent ongoing crime perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Barra
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Retz-Junginger
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla Gregorio Hertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Rösler
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Retz
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Seker S, Boonmann C, Gerger H, Jäggi L, d'Huart D, Schmeck K, Schmid M. Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1963-1982. [PMID: 34169369 PMCID: PMC9663399 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3-17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6-66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33-2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süheyla Seker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Gerger
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Jäggi
- Division of Personality and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delfine d'Huart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Seker S, Bürgin D, d’Huart D, Schmid M, Schmeck K, Jenkel N, Fegert JM, Steppan M, Boonmann C. Der Verlauf von psychischen Problemen bei fremdplatzierten Kindern und Jugendlichen bis in deren Erwachsenenalter. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Fremdplatzierte Kinder und Jugendliche sind psychisch hoch belastet, jedoch ist der Verlauf von psychischen Problemen bis in deren Erwachsenenalter weitgehend unbekannt. Fragestellung: Die Prävalenz und der Verlauf von psychischen Problemen bei fremdplatzierten Kindern und Jugendlichen bis ins Erwachsenenalter wurden in dieser Studie untersucht und mögliche Prädiktoren identifiziert. Methode: 164 Kinder und Jugendliche wurden während der Fremdplatzierung und im Erwachsenenalter längsschnittlich mittels Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen auf psychische Gesamtauffälligkeit, internalisierende und externalisierende Probleme untersucht. Ergebnisse: 62.2 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen zeigten auffällige Werte für die Gesamtauffälligkeit wohingegen es im Erwachsenenalter noch 35.7 % waren. Die stärksten Prädiktoren für die jeweiligen Skalen im Erwachsenenalter waren die psychischen Probleme im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Mädchen zeigten eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit für internalisierende Probleme im Erwachsenenalter im Vergleich zu Jungen. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die psychischen Probleme bei fremdplatzierten Kindern und Jugendlichen verringerten sich bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter, dennoch blieb ein beachtlicher Teil chronisch auffällig. Implikationen für die Forschung und Praxis werden diskutiert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süheyla Seker
- Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Forschungsabteilung, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Schweiz
| | - David Bürgin
- Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Forschungsabteilung, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Schweiz
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Ulm
| | - Delfine d’Huart
- Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Forschungsabteilung, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Schweiz
| | - Marc Schmid
- Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Forschungsabteilung, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Schweiz
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Forschungsabteilung, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Schweiz
| | - Nils Jenkel
- Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Forschungsabteilung, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Schweiz
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Ulm
| | - Martin Steppan
- Abteilung für Persönlichkeits- und Entwicklungspsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Universität Basel, Schweiz
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Forschungsabteilung, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Schweiz
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Barra S, Turner D, Müller M, Hertz PG, Retz-Junginger P, Tüscher O, Huss M, Retz W. ADHD symptom profiles, intermittent explosive disorder, adverse childhood experiences, and internalizing/externalizing problems in young offenders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:257-269. [PMID: 32780159 PMCID: PMC8866272 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co-existing psychiatric/psychological impairments as well as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common among young offenders. Research on their associations is of major importance for early intervention and crime prevention. Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) warrants specific consideration in this regard. To gain sophisticated insights into the occurrence and associations of ADHD, IED, ACEs, and further psychiatric/psychological impairments in young (male and female) offenders, we used latent profile analysis (LPA) to empirically derive subtypes among 156 young offenders who were at an early stage of crime development based on their self-reported ADHD symptoms, and combined those with the presence of IED. We found four distinct ADHD subtypes that differed rather quantitatively than qualitatively (very low, low, moderate, and severe symptomatology). Additional IED, ACEs, and further internalizing and externalizing problems were found most frequently in the severe ADHD subtype. Furthermore, females were over-represented in the severe ADHD subtype. Finally, ACEs predicted high ADHD symptomatology with co-existing IED, but not without IED. Because ACEs were positively associated with the occurrence of ADHD/IED and ADHD is one important risk factor for on-going criminal behaviors, our findings highlight the need for early identification of ACEs and ADHD/IED in young offenders to identify those adolescents who are at increased risk for long-lasting criminal careers. Furthermore, they contribute to the debate about how to best conceptualize ADHD regarding further emotional and behavioral disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Barra
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Priscilla Gregorio Hertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Retz-Junginger
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Huss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Retz
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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24
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Wahab S, Baharom MA, Abd Rahman FN, A. Wahab K, Zulkifly MA, Azmi AD, Ahmad N. The relationship of lifetime substance-use disorder with family functioning, childhood victimisation, and depression, among juvenile offenders in Malaysia. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 14:100359. [PMID: 34136633 PMCID: PMC8181857 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent substance use is a multifactorial social issue that leads to detrimental outcomes. The aim of this study is to understand the association of a lifetime history of substance abuse or dependence with family functioning, childhood victimisation, and depression, among adolescent male inmates in a juvenile detention centre in Malaysia. METHODS This study was cross-sectional involving 230 inmates and was conducted in a juvenile detention centre in Malaysia. The mean age of the participants was 16.65 years, with the highest percentage from the Malay ethnicity (87.8% where n = 202). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale (AADIS), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) IV and Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire Second Revision (JVQ-R2) were used as instruments. RESULTS The prevalence of a lifetime history of substance abuse and substance dependence is 72.6% and 58.3%, respectively. A lifetime history of substance abuse and dependence had a significant association with age, race, religion, and peer/sibling victimisation. Further analysis reveals that an increase in age can be a predictor of both lifetime history of substance abuse and dependence while peer/sibling victimisation may predict lifetime history of substance abuse. There was no significant association of lifetime substance-use disorder with family functioning and depression in the juvenile offenders. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents exposed to peer/sibling victimisation might be at a higher risk of developing a substance-use disorder. At-risk groups need to be identified, assessed, and have intervention early to prevent adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Fairuz Nazri Abd Rahman
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhamad Afiq Zulkifly
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirul Danial Azmi
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kuranga AT, Yussuf AD. Psychiatric morbidity amongst adolescents in a Nigerian juvenile correctional facility. S Afr J Psychiatr 2021; 27:1590. [PMID: 34522436 PMCID: PMC8424729 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high occurrence of psychiatric disorders amongst adolescents within the Juvenile Justice System (JJS) has been confirmed. Most of the available data are from developed countries and some of them focus on just a single psychiatric disorder which may not be representative of the situation in low-income countries, hence the need for more studies in developing countries, including Nigeria. Aim The study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders amongst adolescent residents of a correctional facility. Setting The study was carried out at a Borstal Institution in North-Central Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. One hundred and twenty adolescents were assessed using the socio-demographic pro forma questionnaire designed by the researcher and the Kiddies Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-PL). Data were analysed using EPI-INFO 4.06 d version 6.04 software. Results A total of 62.5% of the male respondents were older than 15 years. The percentage of respondents with a psychiatric disorder was 82.5%. The rate of psychiatric disorders was high with disruptive behaviour disorders being the most common at 40.8%, others were substance use disorders (15.8%), anxiety disorders (14.2%), psychosis (6.7%) and mood disorders (5%). Conclusion This study has established a high prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders amongst incarcerated adolescents. This is in line with the findings of numerous studies worldwide. This study has identified the need to increase awareness and knowledge about the high morbidity of mental disorders in growing juvenile detainee populations. This will allow early identification of adolescents at risk of psychiatric disorders and ensure efficient resource distribution of both JJS service and mental healthcare. Effective and appropriate interventions have shown to improve overall health, quality of life and reduce the rate of recidivism amongst incarcerated juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amudalat T Kuranga
- Department of Behavioural Science, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi D Yussuf
- Department of Behavioural Science, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
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26
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Turner D, Wolf AJ, Barra S, Müller M, Gregório Hertz P, Huss M, Tüscher O, Retz W. The association between adverse childhood experiences and mental health problems in young offenders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1195-1207. [PMID: 32740721 PMCID: PMC8310856 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs, e.g., abuse and neglect) have been found in young offenders. Furthermore, ACEs seem to increase the risk of developing relevant mental health problems, in non-offending juveniles and adults. However, this association has only seldomly been addressed in offending juveniles and young adults. The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of ACEs and mental health problems as well as their association within a sample of male and female young offenders. Altogether, 161 adolescent and young adult offenders (16.8% females) from the youth detention center Worms (Germany) filled out questionnaires concerning ACEs and mental health problems with a focus on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intermittent explosive disorder. Considerable rates of mental health problems were found, e.g., a prevalence of 35.9% was found for intermittent explosive disorder. Furthermore, a greater proportion of the female offenders fell into the clinically significant category for somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, and attention problems than the male offenders. Female young offenders also reported more frequently about all forms of ACEs compared to the male offenders. Latent class analysis defined three subtypes of young offenders depending on their individual ACE patterns: (1) low ACEs, (2) mainly neglectful ACEs, and (3) multiple ACEs. ACEs were significantly associated with the occurrence of both internalizing and externalizing mental health disturbances, with the multiple-ACE subtype being most likely to report about significant mental health problems. The results of the present study point towards the relevance to routinely assess ACEs in young offenders to identify possible precursors of mental health problems and of future criminal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anne Jule Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Barra
- Neurocenter - Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Priscilla Gregório Hertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Huss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Retz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Neurocenter - Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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27
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Roetman PJ, Siebelink BM, Vermeiren RRJM, Colins OF. Classes of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Behavior in Clinic-referred Children and Adolescents: Concurrent Features and Outcomes: Classification Des Comportements Dans le Trouble Oppositionnel Avec Provocation Chez Des Enfants et des Adolescents Aiguillés à Une Clinique: Caractéristiques Co-occurrentes et Résultats. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:657-666. [PMID: 33242997 PMCID: PMC8240001 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720974840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) consists of irritable and oppositional behaviors, both of which are associated with different problems. However, it is unclear whether irritability and oppositionality enable classification of clinic-referred children and adolescents into mutually exclusive groups (e.g., high in oppositionality, low in irritability), and whether this classification is clinically meaningful. METHOD As part of a clinical protocol, ODD behaviors were assessed at referral through a comprehensive diagnostic interview and questionnaire. Parent- and teacher-reported ODD of 2,185 clinic-referred 5- to 18-year-olds (36.9% females) were used in latent class analysis. Resulting ODD classes were compared, concurrently at referral, and, longitudinally at the end of the diagnostic and treatment process, on various clinically relevant measures that were completed by various informants, including mental health problems, global functioning, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classifications. RESULTS Three classes emerged with high, moderate, and low levels of both irritability and oppositionality. At referral, the high class experienced the highest levels of mental health problems and DSM classifications. Importantly, all ODD classes defined at intake were predictive of diagnostic and treatment outcomes months later. Notably, the high class had higher rates of clinician-based classifications of ODD and conduct disorder, and the lowest levels of pre- and posttreatment global functioning. Additionally, the low class exhibited higher rates of generalized anxiety disorder and fear disorders. CONCLUSIONS Irritability and oppositionality co-occur in clinic-referred youths to such an extent that classification based on these behaviors does not add to clinical inference. Instead, findings suggest that the overall ODD severity at referral should be used as a guidance for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Roetman
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Berend M Siebelink
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands.,Youz, Parnassia Group, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier F Colins
- The Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Belgium.,The Center for Criminological and Psychosocial Research, Örebro University, Sweden
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28
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A Cumulative Substance Use Score as a Novel Measure to Predict Risk of Criminal Recidivism in Forensic Juvenile Male Outpatients. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:30-40. [PMID: 32246360 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-00986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate a newly developed cumulative measure for substance use problems as predictor of criminal recidivism in youth. Questionnaires-based substance-related behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and further drugs), and interview-based psychiatric disorders were assessed in a sample of 142 male adolescent forensic outpatients in Zurich, Switzerland (mean age 16.8 years, SD = 1.4 years). Cox regressions were used to test whether substance use behaviors/disorders were predictors of officially recorded criminal offenses 365 days after the initial assessment. The cumulative substance problem score (SPS) was a valid measure for assessing the risk of criminal recidivism for youth having 2-3 (OR 2.24-2.56) and 4+ problems (OR 3.40-4.37) in comparison to youth with 0-1 problems. Forensic experts and clinicians should comprehensively assess substance use patterns in juvenile offenders and may use the SPS as an indicator for further criminal risks. Additional analysis of the SPS in other forensic samples and cultures would be worthwhile.
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29
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Jäggi L, Schmid M, Bürgin D, Saladin N, Grob A, Boonmann C. Shared residential placement for child welfare and juvenile justice youth: current treatment needs and risk of adult criminal conviction. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:2. [PMID: 33478550 PMCID: PMC7819213 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although child welfare youth and juvenile offenders in residential care have different judicial placement reasons, there seems to be overlap in their demographic and psychosocial backgrounds. This could raise the question whether these adolescents should be placed in strictly separated institutions based on their judicial title (civil or criminal law) or together based on their needs. As systematic knowledge on the effects of shared placement of these groups is limited, the aim of the current paper is to examine the demographic, crime-related and psychosocial characteristics of child welfare and juvenile justice youths in shared residential care and subsequently examine its relationship with offending behavior in adulthood. METHODS The sample was drawn from the Swiss study for clarification and goal-attainment in youth welfare and juvenile justice institutions (MAZ.) and consisted 354 juveniles (252 child welfare, 102 juvenile justice; 223 boys, 131 girls) between 10 and 18 years. Mental health problems were assessed with the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2), official adult criminal conviction data up to 10 years later was obtained from the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics. Three sets of logistic regressions were conducted investigating any, violent and non-violent convictions. RESULTS Univariate results showed that that the child welfare sample included more females, more juveniles with the Swiss nationality, and was younger at the time of assessment and at first placement compared to the juvenile justice sample. Furthermore, child welfare youths showed less alcohol/drug use problems and offending behavior than their juvenile justice counterparts. Unadjusted models demonstrated that committing authority predicted adult criminal convictions, but that this distinction disappeared when it was controlled for demographic, crime-related and psychosocial factors. Gender and time at risk were found to be related to adult conviction in all three models. In addition, alcohol/drug use problems were risk factors for general, previous convictions for violent, and traumatic experiences for non-violent convictions in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the approach of placement in residential care institutions based on treatment needs instead of on judicial title. Special attention should be devoted to trauma informed care and substance use coping. However, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jäggi
- Division of Personality and Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Bürgin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Saladin
- Division of Personality and Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Division of Personality and Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Forensic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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30
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Heller P, Morosan L, Badoud D, Laubscher M, Jimenez Olariaga L, Debbané M, Wolff H, Baggio S. Prevalence Rates and Evolution of Psychiatric Disorders Among Incarcerated Youths in Comparison With Non-incarcerated Youths. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:784954. [PMID: 35069287 PMCID: PMC8782264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.784954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our main objective was to provide estimates of the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities among youths in a juvenile detention center in Geneva, Switzerland. We also aimed to investigate potential positive effects of intensive psychotherapeutic and educational services this center provides. Finally, we examined psychiatric care prior to and after custody as well as the evolution of the youths' mental health during detention. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study including a group of incarcerated (n = 86) and a group of non-incarcerated (n = 169) youths (12-18 years old). Measures included diagnoses of psychiatric disorders, cognitive functions, trauma, psychopathic traits and the Youth Self-Report (aggressive behavior, attentional disorders, criminal behavior, social withdrawal, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints) collected at baseline and at discharge for the incarcerated group. Data were analyzed using mixed-effect models. Results: Psychiatric disorders were prevalent in the incarcerated group (82.6, 95% CI: 71.6-90.7%), but young people also often suffered from several disorders simultaneously. Two-thirds of the incarcerated participants had a diagnosis of two or more psychiatric disorders. Regarding health care, most incarcerated participants (79.1%) had psychiatric care prior to detention. The planned care after detention was associated with psychiatric comorbidities, care being more likely planned for those with comorbidities (p = 0.030). Compared to the non-incarcerated group, the incarcerated group had lower scores on cognitive functioning (p < 0.001) and higher scores on trauma (p < 0.021) and psychopathic traits (p < 0.034). The youths' stay in the detention center was associated with a positive change of mental health, with externalized problems being significantly reduced at the end of their stay (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Our findings showed that youths in conflict with the law are characterized by (1) their internal vulnerabilities: a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric comorbidities, lower cognitive functions, externalized problems and psychopathic traits; (2) environmental factors: victims of violence and sexual abuse; and (3) their psychiatric history. Besides, the evolution of the most prevalent issues was favorable over time, which puts into question the usual perspective about the deleterious effect of detention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Heller
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Larisa Morosan
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Badoud
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manon Laubscher
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Jimenez Olariaga
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans Wolff
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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31
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Kaye S, Lewandowski A, Bowman J, Doyle MF. Crystal methamphetamine use among young people entering custody: Prevalence, correlates and comorbidity. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:1266-1274. [PMID: 33155354 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Crystal methamphetamine (CM) is associated with a range of physical and mental health harms and may be of particular concern among young people at risk of early, problematic substance use, such as those in contact with the criminal justice system. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of regular (i.e. at least weekly) CM use among young people preceding entry into custody. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from 207 participants aged 14-18 years as part of the 2015 Young People in Custody Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey of youth in custody in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were administered face-to-face structured interviews assessing sociodemographic, childhood and family characteristics, offending history, substance use and psychopathology. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors independently associated with regular CM use. RESULTS Regular CM use was reported by 31% of participants and was independently associated with higher levels of antisocial traits/behaviour [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.25], increased polydrug use (AOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14, 1.58), injecting drug use (AOR 4.06, 95% CI 1.02, 16.16) and meeting symptom thresholds for two or more current psychological disorders (AOR 3.20, 95% CI 1.15, 8.94). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Regular CM users present with more complex comorbidity than other young people in custody, increasing the health-care burden in custodial and community settings. Early identification and appropriate treatment of this comorbidity is crucial to improving the health, psychosocial and behavioural outcomes of this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene Kaye
- Research Unit, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Lewandowski
- Research Unit, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Bowman
- Research Unit, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael F Doyle
- Centre of Research Excellence Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Lindblad F, Isaksson J, Heiskala V, Koposov R, Ruchkin V. Comorbidity and Behavior Characteristics of Russian Male Juvenile Delinquents With ADHD and Conduct Disorder. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1070-1077. [PMID: 25926630 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715584052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To test the previously suggested hypothesis that those with comorbid ADHD and Conduct Disorder (CD) diagnoses differ from other antisocially involved youth in terms of higher rates of violent behavior, impulsiveness, and psychopathic traits. Method: Three hundred eighty juvenile incarcerated delinquents from Northern Russia were assessed by means of semi-structured psychiatric interview and by student and teacher self-reports. Results: The study has demonstrated higher rates of psychiatric disorders and of comorbidity, as well as more complicated substance abuse and disruptive behaviors in those with combined ADHD-CD diagnosis, as compared with CD only, ADHD only, and no CD no ADHD groups. The results regarding psychopathic traits were inconclusive. Conclusion: The group with combined ADHD-CD diagnosis is more severely disturbed, both as concerns psychiatric comorbidity and more severe aggressive and disruptive behaviors. However, there is only limited evidence supporting a higher prevalence of psychopathic traits in this group.
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Hughes N, Ungar M, Fagan A, Murray J, Atilola O, Nichols K, Garcia J, Kinner S. Health determinants of adolescent criminalisation. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2020; 4:151-162. [PMID: 31956016 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several conditions related to health and development in adolescence can increase the risk that a young person will be exposed to the criminal justice system. Such determinants include neurodevelopmental disability, poor mental health, trauma, and experiences of maltreatment. Furthermore, the risk of exposure to the criminal justice system seems to be amplified by social marginalisation and inequality, such that young people are made susceptible to criminal behaviour and criminalisation by a combination of health difficulties and social disadvantages. This Review presents evidence on the health determinants of criminalisation among adolescents, providing a persuasive case for policy and practice reform, including for investment in approaches to prevent criminalisation on the basis of health and developmental difficulties, and to better address related needs once within a criminal justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hughes
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Michael Ungar
- School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abigail Fagan
- Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kitty Nichols
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joana Garcia
- School of Social Work, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stuart Kinner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kim H, Kim B. Affective Factors That Contribute to the Quality of Life of Juvenile Inmates with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Focus on Items from the Korean Youth Self Report. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2019; 30:161-167. [PMID: 32595337 PMCID: PMC7298911 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated quality of life in Korean juvenile inmates with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the impact of behavioral and emotional problems on quality of life. METHODS In total, 200 inmates were evaluated using the Korean version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (K-MINI) and the Korean version of the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL-K). We extracted the inmates with ADHD and evaluated their quality of life, behavioral problems, and emotional problems with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS Among the 200 total inmates, 68 were diagnosed with ADHD by the K-SADS-PL-K. Most of the correlations between PedsQL scores and K-YSR items were significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that PedsQL could be predicted by affective problems (among the DSM-oriented scales of the K-YSR) and attention problems (among the syndrome scales of the K-YSR). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that, among juvenile inmates with ADHD, quality of life was negatively correlated with most behavioral and emotional problems. Meanwhile, the significant influence of affective and attention problems on inmates' quality of life suggests the necessity of comprehensive treatments for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bongseog Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yonek JC, Dauria EF, Kemp K, Koinis-Mitchell D, Marshall BDL, Tolou-Shams M. Factors Associated With Use of Mental Health and Substance Use Treatment Services by Justice-Involved Youths. Psychiatr Serv 2019; 70:586-595. [PMID: 31138054 PMCID: PMC6713457 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonincarcerated (community-supervised) youths who are first-time offenders have high rates of mental and substance use disorders. However, little is known about their use of psychiatric services (mental health and substance use) or factors associated with service use. This study examined the prevalence, determinants, and barriers to service use among community-supervised youths. METHODS Data were from a longitudinal study of mental health and substance use outcomes among adolescents ages 12-18 from a northeastern family court in which caregivers and youths completed assessments (N=423 dyads). The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, assessed youths' psychiatric symptoms. The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment assessed service use and barriers. Family functioning and caregiver-adolescent communication were assessed with the McMaster Family Assessment Device and the Parent-Adolescent General Communication Scale, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses examined the cross-sectional relationship between youths' service use and determinants of use at baseline. RESULTS Of the 423 youths, 49% experienced psychiatric symptoms and 36% used psychiatric services in the past 4 months. The highest adjusted odds of service use were associated with youths' psychiatric symptoms and caregivers' history of a psychiatric diagnosis. The lowest odds were associated with caregivers' identifying as being from racial and ethnic minority groups. Caregiver-reported barriers to service use differed according to prior service use and by caregiver race-ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a need for interventions to increase access to and engagement in psychiatric services for community-supervised youths and the importance of caregiver factors in designing such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet C Yonek
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Emily F Dauria
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Kathleen Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Daphne Koinis-Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
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Ceylan MF, Tural Hesapcioglu S, Kasak M, Yavas CP. High prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury, tattoos, and psychiatric comorbidity among male adolescent prisoners and their sociodemographic characteristics. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:45-49. [PMID: 31079007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the frequency of psychiatric disorders and the sociodemographic and clinical features in adolescent prisoners. METHOD The psychiatric diagnoses and sociodemographic characteristics of treatment of 76 adolescent male prisoners and 76 age-matched patients were compared (age range: 15-17). RESULTS Conduct disorder (85.5%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (61.8%), depression (50%), substance abuse (40.8%), post-traumatic stress disorder (19.7%), and psychotic disorder (3.9%) were more frequent among adolescent prisoners than the control group. The educational levels of parents of adolescent prisoners and their socioeconomic statuses were significantly lower, and the nonsuicidal self-injury (73.7%) and tattooing frequency (65.8%) were significantly higher among adolescent prisoners than the control group. Only 51.3% had both parents living together. CONCLUSION Psychiatric disorders, low socioeconomic status, family disorganization, nonsuicidal self-injury, tattoos, and interruption of education were frequent in adolescent prisoners in this study. Our findings emphasize the importance of early psychiatric treatment and family-based interventions to help prevent adolescents from committing crimes. In addition, nonsuicidal self-injury and tattoos may be associated with criminal behavior in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Ceylan
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, 06306, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Selma Tural Hesapcioglu
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, 06306, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Kasak
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, 06306, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cansu Pınar Yavas
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, 06306, Ankara, Turkey.
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McNair FD, Havens J, Surko M, Weinberger E, Baetz C, Moaveni M, Bart A, Marr M, Quinlan C, Horwitz SM. Post-traumatic stress and related symptoms among juvenile detention residents: Results from intake screening. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 92:22-31. [PMID: 30903924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile justice-involved youth have high rates of trauma exposure, physical and sexual abuse and PTSD. Several factors have been found to be related to PTSD symptoms in youth including number and chronicity of traumatic events. OBJECTIVE To simultaneously examine the relationships between allostatic load (defined here as number of traumatic experiences), poly-victimization (exposure to two or more forms of victimization based on 5 of the 6 categories in Ford et al.'s 2010 study), physical/sexual abuse and PTSD in justice-involved youth. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consisted of 1984 youth in juvenile detention in a Northeastern city. The sample was 73.4% male and the majority of youth were either African American or Hispanic. METHODS Clinicians collected demographic and psychosocial information, and measured symptoms of PTSD, depression, and problematic substance use. RESULTS Results showed that youth with more traumas, those who experienced poly-victimization and those who experienced physical/sexual assault/abuse were not only more likely to have PTSD, but also more likely to have depression, thoughts of suicide/self-harm, and problematic substance use (as indicated by the presence of 2 or more of 6 possible indicators). Poly-victimization was a stronger correlate of PTSD than number of traumas or physical/sexual assault/abuse. However, among youth with PTSD, number of traumas was associated with co-occurring problems while poly-victimization and physical/sexual assault/abuse were not. CONCLUSIONS Findings can be used to help direct resources to juvenile justice-involved youth who are most in need of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Debbra McNair
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jennifer Havens
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Surko
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily Weinberger
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carly Baetz
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mahtab Moaveni
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Bart
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mollie Marr
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carol Quinlan
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah McCue Horwitz
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
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Colins OF, Grisso T. The relation between mental health problems and future violence among detained male juveniles. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:4. [PMID: 30651752 PMCID: PMC6330441 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detention personnel may assume that mental health problems heighten the likelihood of future violence in detained youth. This study explored whether brief mental health screening tools are of value for alerting staff to a detained youth's potential for future violent offending. METHOD Boys (n = 1259; Mean age = 16.65) completed the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version (MAYSI-2) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as part of a clinical protocol. Official records were collected to index past and future violent offending. RESULTS A few significant positive and negative relationships between MAYSI-2 and SDQ scale scores and future violent offending were revealed, after controlling for age, past violent offending, and follow-up time. These relations were almost entirely dissimilar across the ethnic groups, even to the extent of finding opposite relations for boys in different ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The small number of relations and their small effect sizes suggest little likelihood that screening for mental health problems in boys who are detained in the Netherlands offers any potential for identifying youth at risk for committing future violent crimes. The current findings also suggest that ethnic differences in the relation between mental health problems and future criminality must be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier F. Colins
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, AK 2342 Leiden, The Netherlands ,0000 0001 0738 8966grid.15895.30Center for Criminological and Psychosocial Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden ,Affiliated Researcher Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg Voor Jeugd), Zutphen, The Netherlands ,0000 0001 2069 7798grid.5342.0Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Grisso
- 0000 0001 0742 0364grid.168645.8Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
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Bessler C, Stiefel D, Barra S, Plattner B, Aebi M. Psychische Störungen und kriminelle Rückfälle bei männlichen jugendlichen Gefängnisinsassen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 47:73-88. [DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen unter inhaftierten Jugendlichen ist hoch. Offen ist die Frage, ob damit eine erhöhte kriminelle Rückfälligkeit einhergeht. Methodik: Zwischen dem 01.08.2010 und 31.10.2012 wurden im kantonalen Jugendgefängnis Zürich alle inhaftierten männlichen Jugendlichen bei Eintritt psychiatrisch untersucht (N = 122). Die psychischen Störungen wurden anhand eines standardisierten Interviews erfasst. Nach der Haftentlassung wurden die Probanden im Kantonalen Rechtsinformationssystem betreffend Rückfälligkeit während eines Jahres nachkontrolliert. Ergebnisse: 90.2 % der Insassen litten unter mindestens einer psychiatrischen Störung. Über 70 % der Jugendlichen waren zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Inhaftierung von mehreren psychiatrischen Erkrankungen betroffen. Es konnten vier voneinander unabhängige Störungskategorien unterschieden werden: affektive Störungen, Angststörungen, Verhaltensstörungen und Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. Betreffend Rückfälligkeit fand sich, dass Jugendliche mit Verhaltensstörungen und/oder einer Abhängigkeitserkrankung häufiger mit einer Gewaltstraftat rückfällig wurden als aus dem Gefängnis entlassene Jugendliche ohne psychische Erkrankungen. Zudem zeigte sich, dass je jünger die inhaftierten Jugendlichen waren, desto kürzer war die Zeit nach ihrer Entlassung, bis sie eine Gewaltstraftat verübten. Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz von psychischen Störungen unter inhaftierten Jugendlichen ist es notwendig, dass diese Minderjährigen auch jugendpsychiatrisch-psychologisch untersucht und adäquat behandelt werden. Neben der psychiatrischen Versorgung der minderjährigen Gefängnisinsassen kann so auch den Anforderungen eines effektiven Opferschutzes und dem Sicherheitsbedürfnis unserer Gesellschaft entsprochen werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bessler
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendforensik, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Dorothea Stiefel
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendforensik, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Steffen Barra
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendforensik, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Belinda Plattner
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Marcel Aebi
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendforensik, Zürich, Schweiz
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zürich, Schweiz
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Baggio S, Tran NT, Barnert ES, Gétaz L, Heller P, Wolff H. Lack of health insurance among juvenile offenders: a predictor of inappropriate healthcare use and reincarceration? Public Health 2018; 166:25-33. [PMID: 30439553 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Relationships between the health insurance status and healthcare use among justice-involved youths transitioning into adulthood is an underexplored topic, even if transition to adulthood is a crucial time period for healthcare outcomes. To fill in these knowledge gaps, this study had two aims: (1) to examine trajectories of health insurance coverage and healthcare use among serious juvenile offenders transitioning into adulthood; and (2) to explore associations between the lack of health insurance, healthcare use and reincarceration. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis on the data of the US longitudinal Pathways to Desistance study between ages 20 and 23 years (2000-2010). METHODS Participant data on health insurance coverage, healthcare use, reincarceration and sociodemographic variables (n = 1215) were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics, generalized linear regressions and cross-lagged panel models. RESULTS About half of the young offenders had no health insurance coverage or intermittent coverage between the age of 20 and 23 years. Emergency services were used (≥17.4%), notably more by insured participants and were increasingly used over time. Being uninsured at the age of 20 years was associated with reincarceration at the age of 23 years (b = -0.052, p = 0.014, odd-ratio = 0.95), but incarceration at the age of 20 years did not predict the insurance status at the age of 23 years (b = 0.009, p = 0.792). CONCLUSIONS Serious juvenile offenders, especially if uninsured, faced major barriers to accessing health care and often reported an inappropriate healthcare use. This likely led to reincarceration. The lack of continuity of care and of access to health care may, therefore, increase health disparities, and efforts are needed to mitigate detrimental outcomes, by effective in and out of detention coordination of health insurance coverage and among health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; Life Course and Social Inequality Research Centre, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - N T Tran
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - E S Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - L Gétaz
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland.
| | - P Heller
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland.
| | - H Wolff
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland.
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Buyle-Bodin S, Amad A, Medjkane F, Bourion-Bedes S, Thomas P, Fovet T. [Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents hospitalized in French units for inmates: Results of a cross-sectional study]. Encephale 2018; 45:207-213. [PMID: 30340780 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, on the first of January 2018, 772 underage persons were in jail or about 1.1 % of the incarcerated population. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among those inmates is high. As a result psychiatric care (and particularly full-time hospitalization) is essential for this population. The unités hospitalières spécialement aménagées (UHSA) are full-time inpatient hospitalization units for inmates in France. Adults but also underage inmates can be admitted to UHSA for voluntary or involuntary hospitalization. However, no study about the characteristics of young patients admitted to UHSA is currently available. The aim of this study is to describe the population of children and adolescent patients hospitalized in these facilities and to evaluate the care provided. METHOD We conducted a retrospective study, including all the patients under 18 years of age, who have been hospitalized in UHSA since its creation in 2010 until 31 December 2016. Anonymized data concerning socio-demographic profile, clinical symptoms and care provided have been collected from the medical records of each patient. RESULTS Overall 80 underage patients were included, for 120 hospitalisations in UHSA. Those patients are mainly male (80%) with a mean age of 16.7 years. They are mostly hospitalized with their consent (59%) for stays of about 50 days and frequently after self-harm behaviours. The main diagnoses are anxiety disorders (26%) and psychotic disorders (25%). At the end, 86% of the patients are prescribed a psychotropic drug treatment and 40% of those medical drugs are prescribed outside the guidelines. Finally, several specific problems were identified. Especially, contact with families and educators or access to education programs are very challenging. CONCLUSION This study highlights the current difficulties encountered in the management of inmate underage patients in full-time psychiatric hospitalization. In this paper, we propose areas for improvement through (1) specific arrangements to receive young patients (specific service's management in order to reinforce the observation of those young people, to facilitate contact with their families, to improve the access to education programs, etc.); (2) specific arrangements in the treatment offered to young patients in UHSA (specific training course for nurses, specific therapeutic programs, etc.); (3) the development of networks working with psychiatric services inside and outside the prison, educators, families and prison services, in order to promote the continuity of cares.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buyle-Bodin
- Unité hospitalière spécialement aménagée, pôle de psychiatrie, CHU Lille, chemin du Bois de l'hôpital, 59113 Seclin, France.
| | - A Amad
- Unité hospitalière spécialement aménagée, pôle de psychiatrie, CHU Lille, chemin du Bois de l'hôpital, 59113 Seclin, France; CNRS UMR 9193, laboratoire de sciences cognitives et sciences affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), université Lille, BP 60149, 59653 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - F Medjkane
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, hôpital Fontan 1, CHU Lille, rue Henri-Ghesquière, 59000 Lille, France
| | - S Bourion-Bedes
- SMPR de Metz, centre hospitalier Lorquin, 5, rue due Général de Gaulle, 57790 Lorquin, France; EA4360 APEMAC, université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - P Thomas
- Unité hospitalière spécialement aménagée, pôle de psychiatrie, CHU Lille, chemin du Bois de l'hôpital, 59113 Seclin, France; CNRS UMR 9193, laboratoire de sciences cognitives et sciences affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), université Lille, BP 60149, 59653 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - T Fovet
- Unité hospitalière spécialement aménagée, pôle de psychiatrie, CHU Lille, chemin du Bois de l'hôpital, 59113 Seclin, France; CNRS UMR 9193, laboratoire de sciences cognitives et sciences affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), université Lille, BP 60149, 59653 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
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Poyraz Fındık OT, Rodopman Arman A, Erturk Altınel N, Durlanık EG, Ozbek H, Semerci B. Psychiatric evaluation of juvenile delinquents under probation in the context of recidivism. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1505282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tugce Poyraz Fındık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University School of Medicine Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Rodopman Arman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Emine Guliz Durlanık
- The Turkish Ministry of Justice, Istanbul Anatolian Probation Office, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanefi Ozbek
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengi Semerci
- Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Penney SR, Prosser A, Simpson AIF. Age onset of offending and serious mental illness among forensic psychiatric patients: A latent profile analysis. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2018; 28:335-349. [PMID: 29336084 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental typologies regarding age of onset of violence and offending have not routinely taken account of the role of serious mental illness (SMI), and whether age of onset of offending in relation to onset of illness impacts on the manifestation of offending over the life course. AIMS To test whether forensic psychiatric patients can be classified according to age of onset of SMI and offending, and, if so, whether subtypes differ by sex. METHODS Details of all 511 patients enrolled into a large forensic mental health service in Ontario, Canada, in 2011 or 2012 were collected from records. RESULTS A latent profile analysis supported a 2-class solution in both men and women. External validation of the classes demonstrated that those with a younger age onset of serious mental illness and offending were characterised by higher levels of static risk factors and criminogenic need than those whose involvement in both mental health and criminal justice systems was delayed to later life. CONCLUSIONS Our findings present a new perspective on life course trajectories of offenders with SMI. While analyses identified just two distinct age-of-onset groups, in both the illness preceded the offending. The fact that our sample was entirely drawn from those hospitalised may have introduced a selection bias for those whose illness precedes offending, but findings underscore the complexity and level of need among those with a younger age of onset. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Penney
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron Prosser
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alexander I F Simpson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ghazali SR, Chen YY, Aziz HA. Childhood Maltreatment and Symptoms of PTSD and Depression Among Delinquent Adolescents in Malaysia. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2018; 11:151-158. [PMID: 32318145 PMCID: PMC7163867 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-017-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents in the juvenile justice system are known to suffer from various psychological disorders. Less is known about how childhood psychological trauma is related to psychological disorders among delinquent adolescents in Malaysia. This study investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depressive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Of 327 adolescents 96% were exposed to at least one childhood victimization. Significant differences were found for all types of victimization (i.e. maltreatment, sexual abuse, severe assault, neglect, and family victimization) between delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. Females were more likely to be involved in family victimization, while males were more likely to experience severe assault and crime victimization. Delinquent adolescents reported depressive and PTSD symptoms significantly more than non-delinquent adolescents. The prevalence of PTSD and depressive symptoms among delinquents was 20.8 and 52.7% respectively. Highly victimized delinquent adolescents and/or those victimized in family-related events were at significantly higher risk to develop psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Raudzah Ghazali
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300 Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Yoke Yong Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300 Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Aziz
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300 Sarawak Malaysia
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McArdle S, Lambie I. Screening for mental health needs of New Zealand youth in secure care facilities using the MAYSI-2. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2018; 28:239-254. [PMID: 29280509 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people admitted to secure facilities generally have particularly high rates of mental, emotional and behavioural problems, but little is known about the mental health needs of this group in New Zealand. AIMS To describe prevalence of probable mental health disorder and related needs among young people in secure facilities in New Zealand. METHODS Massachusetts youth screening instrument - second version (MAYSI-2) data were obtained from the records of young people admitted to one secure care facility (n = 204) within a 12 month period. We used descriptive statistics to determine prevalence of problems overall and multivariate analysis of variance to compare MAYSI-2 scores between gender and ethnic groups. RESULTS Nearly 80% of these young people scored above the 'caution' or 'warning' cut-off on the MAYSI-2, a substantially higher proportion than reported in studies in other countries. There was a tendency for girls and for Maori and Pacific Islander subgroups to have a higher rate of probable psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Young people in secure facilities in New Zealand have substantial service needs. Early intervention that engages them in services upon first contact with the youth justice system might help reduce this burden. Further validation of the MAYSI-2 in New Zealand may be warranted because of the unique ethnic make-up of these young offenders. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McArdle
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian Lambie
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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The Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions Delivered by Teachers in Schools: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2018; 20:333-350. [PMID: 28493176 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-017-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing mental health needs of students within schools have resulted in teachers increasing their involvement in the delivery of school-based, psychosocial interventions. Current research reports mixed findings concerning the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered by teachers for mental health outcomes. This article presents a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the effectiveness of school-based psychosocial interventions delivered by teachers on internalizing and externalizing outcomes and the moderating factors that influence treatment effects on these outcomes. Nine electronic databases, major journals, and gray literature (e.g., websites, conference abstract) were searched and field experts were contacted to locate additional studies. Twenty-four studies that met the study inclusion criteria were coded into internalizing or externalizing outcomes and further analyzed using robust variance estimation in meta-regression. Both publication and risk of bias of studies were further assessed. The results showed statistically significant reductions in students' internalizing outcomes (d = .133, 95% CI [.002, .263]) and no statistical significant effect for externalizing outcomes (d = .15, 95% CI [-.037, .066]). Moderator analysis with meta-regression revealed that gender (%male, b = -.017, p < .05), race (% Caucasian, b = .002, p < .05), and the tier of intervention (b = .299, p = .06) affected intervention effectiveness. This study builds on existing literature that shows that teacher-delivered Tier 1 interventions are effective interventions but also adds to this literature by showing that interventions are more effective with internalizing outcomes than on the externalizing outcomes. Moderator analysis also revealed treatments were more effective with female students for internalizing outcomes and more effective with Caucasian students for externalizing outcomes.
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Rice SM, Purcell R, McGorry PD. Adolescent and Young Adult Male Mental Health: Transforming System Failures Into Proactive Models of Engagement. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:S9-S17. [PMID: 29455724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult men do poorly on indicators of mental health evidenced by elevated rates of suicide, conduct disorder, substance use, and interpersonal violence relative to their female peers. Data on global health burden clearly demonstrate that young men have a markedly distinct health risk profile from young women, underscoring different prevention and intervention needs. Evidence indicates that boys disconnect from health-care services during adolescence, marking the beginning of a progression of health-care disengagement and associated barriers to care, including presenting to services differently, experiencing an inadequate or poorly attuned clinical response, and needing to overcome pervasive societal attitudes and self-stigma to access available services. This review synthesizes key themes related to mental ill health in adolescent boys and in young adult men. Key social determinants are discussed, including mental health literacy, self-stigma and shame, masculinity, nosology and diagnosis, and service acceptability. A call is made for focused development of policy, theory, and evaluation of targeted interventions for this population, including gender-synchronized service model reform and training of staff, including the e-health domain. Such progress is expected to yield significant social and economic benefits, including reduction to mental ill health and interpersonal violence displayed by adolescent boys and young adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hillege SL, van Domburgh L, Mulder EA, Jansen LMC, Vermeiren RRJM. How Do Forensic Clinicians Decide? A Delphi Approach to Identify Domains Commonly Used in Forensic Juvenile Treatment Planning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:591-608. [PMID: 27406038 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16658724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents in forensic care display wide varieties of complex psychiatric, psychological, and contextual problems. Based on large amounts of information, clinicians need to consider, integrate, and prioritize these offender characteristics to construct individual treatment trajectories. So far, scientific knowledge on how these treatment decisions take place is scarce. Current study uses a qualitative design for detecting implicit knowledge of clinicians on which offender characteristics they consider while making treatment decisions. Using the Delphi method, 34 experienced clinicians working in forensic care facilities in the Netherlands were asked about the most important domains of offender characteristics that influence their treatment planning. Eight domains were identified as being crucial in treatment planning: Mental health problems, Personal characteristics, Family, Offense, Motivation, Treatment, School/Work/Housing, and Peers/Spare time. Based on current results, focus on a broad spectrum of individual and contextual characteristics is recommended. Moreover, protective factors and comorbid problems on multiple domains should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Hillege
- 1 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 2 Intermetzo, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Domburgh
- 1 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 2 Intermetzo, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Mulder
- 2 Intermetzo, Zutphen, The Netherlands
- 3 Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- 1 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 3 Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Abrahams TP, van Dooren JC. Musical Attention Control Training (MACT) in secure residential youth care: A randomised controlled pilot study. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hillege SL, Brand EFJM, Mulder EA, Vermeiren RRJM, van Domburgh L. Serious juvenile offenders: classification into subgroups based on static and dynamic charateristics. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:67. [PMID: 29296120 PMCID: PMC5740506 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population in juvenile justice institutions is heterogeneous, as juveniles display a large variety of individual, psychological and social problems. This variety of risk factors and personal characteristics complicates treatment planning. Insight into subgroups and specific profiles of problems in serious juvenile offenders is helpful in identifying important treatment indicators for each subgroup of serious juvenile offenders. METHODS To identify subgroups with combined offender characteristics, cluster-analyses were performed on data of 2010 adolescents from all juvenile justice institutions in the Netherlands. The study included a wide spectrum of static and dynamic offender characteristics and was a replication of a previous study, in order to replicate and validate the identified subgroups. To identify the subgroups that are most useful in clinical practice, different numbers of subgroup-solutions were presented to clinicians. RESULTS Combining both good statistical fit and clinical relevance resulted in seven subgroups. Most subgroups resemble the subgroups found in the previous study and one extra subgroups was identified. Subgroups were named after their own identifying characteristics: (1) sexual problems, (2) antisocial identity and mental health problems, (3) lack of empathy and conscience, (4) flat profile, (5) family problems, (6) substance use problems, and (7) sexual, cognitive and social problems. CONCLUSIONS Subgroups of offenders as identified seem rather stable. Therefore risk factor scores can help to identify characteristics of serious juvenile offenders, which can be used in clinical practice to adjust treatment to the specific risk and needs of each subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L. Hillege
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, P.O. Box 303, Amsterdam, 1115 ZG The Netherlands ,Intermetzo-Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy F. J. M. Brand
- Department of Justice, National Agency of Correctional Institutions, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A. Mulder
- Intermetzo-Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,0000000089452978grid.10419.3dCurium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, P.O. Box 303, Amsterdam, 1115 ZG The Netherlands ,0000000089452978grid.10419.3dCurium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Domburgh
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, P.O. Box 303, Amsterdam, 1115 ZG The Netherlands ,Intermetzo-Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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