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Ukhova D, Marionneau V, Volberg R, Wardle H. The expansion of gambling across the Americas poses risks to mental health and wellbeing. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 37:100855. [PMID: 39176376 PMCID: PMC11339040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The Americas are facing a significant burden of mental health conditions. The Pan American Health Organisation's regional Strategy for Improving Mental Health and Suicide Prevention is an important milestone in tackling this challenge. However, absence of any focus on gambling as a potential risk to the health and wellbeing represents a serious omission in the Strategy. In this viewpoint, we review existing scholarship demonstrating unequivocal links between gambling and a variety of mental health conditions and related harms. This is followed by an empirically-grounded discussion of how commercial gambling has recently rapidly expanded across the region and how the risks of this expansion have not been sufficiently considered at the policy level. We then present emerging regional evidence of the negative mental health impacts of gambling expansion. The review concludes by proposing possible policy actions to improve control over the gambling industry and reduce ensuing harms on mental health and wellbeing in the region, with a focus on PAHO's remit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ukhova
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Virve Marionneau
- Centre for Research on Addiction, Control and Governance (CEACG), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rachel Volberg
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Heather Wardle
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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2
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Md Bukhori AB, Ja’afar MH. Internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with sociodemographic and psychological distress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17489. [PMID: 38952988 PMCID: PMC11216186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had tremendous implications for billions of adolescents worldwide due to school closures, forcing students to embrace internet usage for daily tasks. Uncontrolled use of the internet among adolescents makes them vulnerable to internet addiction (IA). This study aims to determine the prevalence of IA among adolescents and assess its association with sociodemographic factors, smartphone use, and psychological distress during the pandemic. Method A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was conducted among students aged 13-17 from May 15th, 2021, until May 30th, 2021, using the Malay version of the Internet Addiction Test (MVIAT), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Coronavirus Impacts Questionnaires, as well as a sociodemographic information form. The data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Results A total of 420 adolescents participated in the survey. The majority of them (70.7%) were female, with a mean age of 15.47 years (±1.49 years old). About 45.5% of the respondents were classified as internet addicted users. The Chi-square test analysis showed that age (p = 0.002), smartphone usage (p = 0.010), rate of midnight use (p < 0.001), frequency (p < 0.001), duration (p < 0.001) of device usage, and presence of depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.001) were all significantly associated with IA. Multiple logistic regression showed age (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.00-1.35], p = 0.048), smartphone usage (aOR =3.52, 95% CI [1.43-8.67], p = 0.006), mild or moderate depression (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI [1.36-4.34], p = 0.003), severe or extremely severe stress (aOR = 6.41, 95% CI [2.18-18.82], p = 0.001) were significantly related to IA. Conclusions Late adolescence, the use of smartphones, and the presence of psychological distress like depression, and stress were potentially associated with IA. Wise use of smartphones and early identification of any psychological distress among adolescents are warranted, especially during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Hasni Ja’afar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Nedeljković B, Zubović J, Kilibarda B. Exploring Socioeconomic, Demographic and Psychological Predictors of At-risk Gambling and Participation in Specific Gambling Activities: A Comparative Approach. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:873-891. [PMID: 38103123 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we aimed to provide a comparative examination of at-risk gambling and four types of gambling activities from the standpoint of socioeconomic, demographic and psychological factors. Using data collected from 7,385 adults aged 18-64 from Serbia, we investigated how specific variables contribute to the likelihood of participation in lottery playing, sports betting, casino games, and slot games across the three time frames (lifetime, last year, and last month), and at-risk gambling. Logistic regressions revealed that male sex, ages 18 to 34, drug use, harmful alcohol use, and elevated levels of distress were significant predictors of participation in any point of life in sports betting, casino games, and slot games, and at-risk gambling. Secondary education, residing in an urban area, and harmful alcohol use predicted - across three time frames - the engagement in lottery playing, sports betting, and slot games playing, respectively. Smoking, and specifically heavy smoking, was shown to be predictive of lifetime participation in all types of gambling, while having single marital status and being unemployed emerged as the factors increasing the odds for the last-month slot games playing. Notably, the 18 to 24 age cohort turned out to be the most vulnerable part of the population, as they displayed the largest odds for at-risk gambling, and both lifetime and last-year involvement in sports betting, casino games, and slot games playing. This highlights the necessity of targeted public health interventions for the young adult population and people who experiment or already experience problems related to substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boban Nedeljković
- Welfare Economics Department, Institute of Economic Sciences, Zmaj Jovina str. 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Jovan Zubović
- Welfare Economics Department, Institute of Economic Sciences, Zmaj Jovina str. 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Biljana Kilibarda
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut", Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Gavriel-Fried B, Malka I, Levin Y. The Dual Burden of Emerging Adulthood: Assessing Gambling Severity, Gambling-Related Harm, and Mental Health Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:702. [PMID: 38928948 PMCID: PMC11203917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing concerns over gambling problems across age groups have sparked research in public health and psychology. During emerging adulthood, individuals are more susceptible to mental health problems and more likely to develop gambling problems than in other age groups. This study explored the potential differences between emerging adults and adults aged 30+ in terms of problem gambling severity (PGS), gambling-related harm (GRH), depression and anxiety, and the mediating role of depression and anxiety in the association between age, PGS, and GRH. A representative online sample of 3244 Israelis aged 18 and over was divided into two groups: 740 emerging adults aged 18-29 and 2504 adults aged 30+. Gambling behaviors, the Problem Gambling Severity Index, the Short Gambling Harm Screen, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 assessing depression and anxiety were administered. Emerging adults had significantly higher levels of GRH, PGS, and depression-anxiety than their older counterparts, above and beyond gender and education. Depression-anxiety fully mediated the associations between age and gambling-related outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of considering psychological well-being in efforts to address problem gambling and gambling-related harms, especially in emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Gavriel-Fried
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Inbar Malka
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Yafit Levin
- Department of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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5
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Pfund RA, King SA, Forman DP, Zech JM, Ginley MK, Peter SC, McAfee NW, Witkiewitz K, Whelan JP. Effects of cognitive behavioral techniques for gambling on recovery defined by gambling, psychological functioning, and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2023; 37:936-945. [PMID: 36821338 PMCID: PMC10444908 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals who experience gambling harms report that sustained recovery involves changing both gambling behaviors and psychological symptoms, as well as building a meaningful life. However, there is limited understanding about the effect of cognitive behavioral (CB) techniques on psychological symptoms and quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of CB techniques for gambling-related harms on broader recovery outcomes such as psychological symptoms and quality of life. METHOD A systematic article search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of CB techniques with nonactive and minimal treatment control groups that assessed psychological symptoms or quality of life as outcomes. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to examine the effect of CB techniques relative to nonactive and minimal treatment control groups. RESULTS A total of nine studies representing 658 participants were included. Eight studies reported outcomes on depression and anxiety, three on substance use, and six on quality of life. CB techniques significantly reduced anxiety (g = -0.44) and depression (g = -0.35) at posttreatment, but not substance use. CB techniques also significantly increased quality of life at posttreatment (g = 0.40). There was a large amount of heterogeneity suggesting the magnitude of effects could vary significantly in future randomized trials. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should examine the longitudinal associations between gambling harms, psychological symptoms, and quality of life and to assess whether changes in gambling harms throughout treatment precede or are a consequence of changes in psychological symptoms and quality of life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory A. Pfund
- The Institute of Gambling Education & Research, University of Memphis, TN 38152
| | - Shelby A. King
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614
| | - David P. Forman
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - James M. Zech
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Meredith K. Ginley
- The Institute of Gambling Education & Research, University of Memphis, TN 38152
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614
| | | | - Nicholas W. McAfee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - James P. Whelan
- The Institute of Gambling Education & Research, University of Memphis, TN 38152
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Estévez A, Macía L, López-González H, Momeñe J, Jauregui P, Etxaburu N, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Mestre-Bach G, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Munguía L, Baenas I, Mena-Moreno T, Mora-Maltas B, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Jiménez-Murcia S. Cyberbullying and Gambling Disorder: Associations with Emotion Regulation and Coping Strategies. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1399-1416. [PMID: 36181619 PMCID: PMC10397144 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2022]
Abstract
The presence of unsuitable coping and emotion regulation strategies in young populations with gambling disorder (GD) and in those who have experienced cyberbullying victimization has been suggested. However, this association has not been explored in depth. In this study, our aim was to analyze individual differences in emotion regulation, coping strategies, and substance abuse in a clinical sample of adolescents and young adult patients with GD (n = 31) and in a community sample (n = 250). Furthermore, we aimed to examine the association between cyberbullying and GD. Participants were evaluated using the Cyberbullying Questionnaire-Victimization, the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory, the Coping Strategies Inventory, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test. Structural Equation Modeling was used to explore associations between these factors in a community sample and in a clinical group. In both groups, exposure to cyberbullying behaviors was positively associated with higher emotion dysregulation and the use of maladaptative coping styles. Our findings uphold that adolescents and young adults who were victims of cyberbullying show difficulties in emotion regulation and maladaptive coping strategies when trying to solve problems. The specific contribution of sex, age, gambling severity, emotion regulation, and coping strategies on cyberbullying severity is also discussed. Populations at vulnerable ages could potentially benefit from public prevention policies that target these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Estévez
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Laura Macía
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hibai López-González
- Departament of Library, Information Science, and Communication, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janire Momeñe
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paula Jauregui
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nerea Etxaburu
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Departament de Psicobiologia I Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, C/Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Cai H, Zhao YJ, He F, Li SY, Li ZL, Zhang WY, Zhang Y, Cheung T, Ng CH, Sha S, Xiang YT. Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis perspective. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 37270593 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the inter-relationships between residual depressive symptoms (RDS) and Internet addiction (IA) using network analysis among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. RDS and IA were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms in the network model were examined. A total of 1,454 adolescents met the study criteria and were included in the analyses. The prevalence of IA was 31.2% (95% CI: 28.8%-33.6%). In the network analysis, the nodes IAT15 ("Preoccupation with the Internet"), PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), and PHQ1 ("Anhedonia") were the most central symptoms in the IA-RDS network model. Bridge symptoms included IAT10 ("Sooth disturbing about your Internet use"), PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation"), and IAT3 ("Prefer the excitement online to the time with others"). Additionally, PHQ2 ("Sad mood") was the main node linking "Anhedonia" to other IA clusters. Internet addiction was common among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Core and bridge symptoms identified in this study could be prioritized as targets for the prevention and treatment of IA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zong-Lei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Development and Behavior, The third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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8
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Girard LC, Griffiths MD, Rossow I, Leino T, Goudriaan AE, Smith OR, Pallesen S. Temporal order of diagnosis between gambling disorder and substance use disorders: Longitudinal results from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 17:100501. [PMID: 37347048 PMCID: PMC10279774 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has established co-occurrence between substance use disorders (SUDs) and gambling disorder (GD). Less well understood is the temporal sequencing of onset between these disorders, and in particular whether SUD is a risk factor for GD. The present study examined the temporal order between registered diagnoses of SUD and GD, stratified by sex. Methods A study with a longitudinal design using objective registry data drawn from the Norwegian Patient Registry was carried out. Among the patients with a registered diagnosis of GD between 2008 and 2018 (N = 5,131; males = 81.8%), those (who in addition) had a registered diagnosis of any SUD (n = 1,196; males = 82.1%) were included. The measures included a registered diagnosis using the ICD-10 of both GD (code F63.0) and SUDs (codes F10-F19) by a health care professional. Binomial tests were used to identify the temporal order between SUD(s) and GD. Co-occurring cases (i.e., cases diagnosed within the same month) were removed in the main analyses. Results Results showed a significant directional path from SUD to GD but no support for the reversed path (i.e., from GD to SUD). This finding was similar overall for (i) both males and females, (ii) when different SUDs (alcohol, cannabis, sedatives, and polysubstance) were examined individually, and (iii) when specifying a 12-month time-lag between diagnoses. Conclusions The findings suggest that experiencing SUD(s) is a risk marker for GD given the temporal precedence observed for patients in specialised healthcare services seeking treatment. These results should be considered alongside screening and prevention efforts for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Christine Girard
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingeborg Rossow
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Tony Leino
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Otto R.F. Smith
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Centre for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Norway
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9
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Developmental Patterns of Gambling Participation and Substance use Throughout Adolescence in a Population Birth Cohort. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:137-157. [PMID: 35211846 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated adolescents' single and co-occurring developmental patterns of gambling participation and substance use and their association with gambling and substance use-related issues at age 17, controlling for confounders. Multiple assessments from age 12 to 17 were conducted in a population-based cohort (N=1594, 51.2% boys). Latent growth modeling was used to analyze developmental patterns and Generalized linear models to examine their association with age-17 gambling and substance use-related problems, types and variety of activities, and substance abuse. Results revealed six developmental patterns, including Low- or Non-substance Users or Gamblers (24.2% sample), two trajectory-classes of Later-Onset Increasing (to a moderate level) substance users, either with or without gambling participation (7.8% and 45.5%, respectively), two trajectory-classes of Early-Onset Increasing (to a higher level) substance users, either with or without gambling participation (6.2% and 12.7%, respectively), and a smaller trajectory-class of Slow-Increasing Substance Users and Early-Onset Gamblers, declining to non-gambling after age 13 (3.6%). Gambling participation and substance use did not appear to influence each other with regard to their onset and course throughout adolescence, and to age-17 types and variety of gambling activities or substances used, problems related to gambling participation or substance use, or substance abuse. These findings are consistent with the addictive syndrome model and with both common and individualized approaches to prevention and treatment for adolescent gamblers or substance users.
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10
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Richard J, Temcheff C, Fletcher É, Lemieux A, Derevensky J, Déry M. Externalizing and internalizing trajectories to adolescent gambling: a longitudinal study. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2154378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Richard
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Temcheff
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Émilie Fletcher
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Annie Lemieux
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Derevensky
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Groupe de recherche et d’intervention sur les adaptations sociales de l’enfance, Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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11
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St Quinton T. How can implementation intentions be used to modify gambling behavior? Front Psychol 2022; 13:957120. [PMID: 36438341 PMCID: PMC9682275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem gambling can cause significant harm, yet rates of gambling continue to increase. Many individuals have the motivation to stop gambling but are unable to transfer these positive intentions into successful behavior change. Implementation intentions, which are goal-directed plans linking cues to behavioral responses, can help bridge the gap between intention and many health behaviors. However, despite the strategy demonstrating popularity in the field of health psychology, its use in the area of gambling research has been limited. This mini review illustrates how implementation intentions can be used to facilitate change in gambling behavior. Adopting the strategy could help reduce the number of people with gambling problems.
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Cai H, Bai W, Yue Y, Zhang L, Mi WF, Li YC, Liu HZ, Du X, Zeng ZT, Lu CM, Zhang L, Feng KX, Ding YH, Yang JJ, Jackson T, Cheung T, An FR, Xiang YT. Mapping network connectivity between internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms in patients with depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:997593. [PMID: 36353572 PMCID: PMC9638086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.997593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Depression often triggers addictive behaviors such as Internet addiction. In this network analysis study, we assessed the association between Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms in patients suffering from clinically stable recurrent depressive disorder (depression hereafter). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 1,267 depressed patients were included. Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms were measured using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via centrality indices. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. RESULTS The prevalence of IA within this sample was 27.2% (95% CI: 24.7-29.6%) based on the IAT cutoff of 50. IAT15 ("Preoccupation with the Internet"), IAT13 ("Snap or act annoyed if bothered without being online") and IAT2 ("Neglect chores to spend more time online") were the most central nodes in the network model. Additionally, bridge symptoms included the node PHQ1 ("Anhedonia"), followed by PHQ2 ("Sad mood") and IAT3 ("Prefer the excitement online to the time with others"). There was no gender difference in the network structure. CONCLUSION Both key central and bridge symptoms found in the network analysis could be potentially targeted in prevention and treatment for depressed patients with comorbid Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Guangji Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen-Fang Mi
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Guangji Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Zeng
- Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang-Mou Lu
- Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ke-Xin Feng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juan-Juan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital and the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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13
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Bristow LA, Afifi TO, Salmon S, Katz LY. Risky Gambling Behaviors: Associations with Mental Health and a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:699-716. [PMID: 34164766 PMCID: PMC9411081 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Problem gambling and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly co-morbid and lead to numerous adverse health outcomes. Research demonstrates that greater levels of well-being protect individuals from experiencing ACE-related harms after a history of childhood adversity; however, this relationship has not been examined in the gambling literature. We hypothesized that individuals who experienced ACEs would engage in more problem gambling behaviors. We also hypothesized that individuals who experienced ACEs and reported flourishing mental health would have lower rates of problem gambling than individuals who experienced ACEs but did not report flourishing mental health. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the adult sample in the Well-Being and Experiences (WE) Study. Examining a parent population, parents and caregivers (N = 1000; Mage = 45.2 years; 86.5% female) of adolescents were interviewed on a variety of measures, including their history of ACEs, their gambling behaviors within the past year, and their mental health and well-being. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between 15 ACEs and gambling type (i.e., non-gambler, non-problem gambler, at-risk/problem gambler). We used interaction terms between each ACE and mental health to examine the moderating role of flourishing mental health and well-being. ACEs were associated with at-risk/problem gambling supporting hypothesis 1. Contrary to hypothesis 2, overall, flourishing mental health did not moderate the relationship between ACEs and gambling severity except for one ACE. In this study, we were able to gain a better understanding of how different ACEs each contribute to varying levels of gambling severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A. Bristow
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 727 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5 Canada
| | - Tracie O. Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, S113-750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W5 Canada
| | - Samantha Salmon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3 Canada
| | - Laurence Y. Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, PZ-162, 771 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3N4 Canada
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Abstract
Attachment and alexithymia play a central role in the appearance and persistence of pathological gambling and related comorbid addictive behaviours among adolescents and young adults. The aim of the present study was to explore the differences between problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers in gambling severity, spending, video gaming, alcohol and drugs use, attachment, and alexithymia, as well as the interaction among these variables. The study sample included 560 participants non-problem gamblers (mean age = 15.49 years) and 54 problem gamblers (mean age = 16.43 years). Gambling disorder (SOGS-RA), drugs, alcohol, video games and spending (MULTICAGE CAD-4), attachment (IPPA), and alexithymia (TAS-20) were measured. Student's t, Pearson's r, and multiple mediation analyses were conducted. Problem gamblers scored significantly higher in all substance and non-substance addictive behaviours and alexithymia; as well as significantly lower scores in mother and father attachment scales. Moreover, gambling was negatively associated to father and mother attachment, and positively associated to alexithymia. Finally, alexithymia was found to mediate between parental attachment and gambling, spending, videogame, drug and alcohol abuse, especially in the case of mother attachment. This study demonstrated that adolescent and young adult problem gamblers show higher comorbid addictions than non-problem gamblers, in the same way as higher levels of alexithymia and poorer father attachment. Given that higher comorbidity in early ages is associated with worse prognosis and higher psychopathology in adult life, early detection and treatment purposes becomes essential.
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15
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Jun HJ, Sacco P, Cunningham-Williams RM. Gambling in Emerging Adulthood: the Role of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms, Antisocial Behaviors, and Alcohol Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Knai C, Petticrew M, Capewell S, Cassidy R, Collin J, Cummins S, Eastmure E, Fafard P, Fitzgerald N, Gilmore AB, Hawkins B, Jensen JD, Katikireddi SV, Maani N, Mays N, Mwatsama M, Nakkash R, Orford JF, Rutter H, Savona N, van Schalkwyk MCI, Weishaar H. The case for developing a cohesive systems approach to research across unhealthy commodity industries. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e003543. [PMID: 33593757 PMCID: PMC7888371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most non-communicable diseases are preventable and largely driven by the consumption of harmful products, such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling and ultra-processed food and drink products, collectively termed unhealthy commodities. This paper explores the links between unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs), analyses the extent of alignment across their corporate political strategies, and proposes a cohesive systems approach to research across UCIs. METHODS We held an expert consultation on analysing the involvement of UCIs in public health policy, conducted an analysis of business links across UCIs, and employed taxonomies of corporate political activity to collate, compare and illustrate strategies employed by the alcohol, ultra-processed food and drink products, tobacco and gambling industries. RESULTS There are clear commonalities across UCIs' strategies in shaping evidence, employing narratives and framing techniques, constituency building and policy substitution. There is also consistent evidence of business links between UCIs, as well as complex relationships with government agencies, often allowing UCIs to engage in policy-making forums. This knowledge indicates that the role of all UCIs in public health policy would benefit from a common approach to analysis. This enables the development of a theoretical framework for understanding how UCIs influence the policy process. It highlights the need for a deeper and broader understanding of conflicts of interests and how to avoid them; and a broader conception of what constitutes strong evidence generated by a wider range of research types. CONCLUSION UCIs employ shared strategies to shape public health policy, protecting business interests, and thereby contributing to the perpetuation of non-communicable diseases. A cohesive systems approach to research across UCIs is required to deepen shared understanding of this complex and interconnected area and also to inform a more effective and coherent response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Knai
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Simon Capewell
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Cassidy
- Department of Anthropology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeff Collin
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- Global Public Health Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Eastmure
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Patrick Fafard
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niamh Fitzgerald
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Anna B Gilmore
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ben Hawkins
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jørgen Dejgård Jensen
- Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Nason Maani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Mays
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Rima Nakkash
- Health Promotion and Community Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jim F Orford
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, Bath and North East Somer, UK
| | - Natalie Savona
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - May C I van Schalkwyk
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Heide Weishaar
- Center for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Emond A, Griffiths MD, Hollén L. Problem Gambling in Early Adulthood: a Population-Based Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 20:754-770. [PMID: 35368861 PMCID: PMC8930883 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate stability of problem gambling between 20 and 24 years of age, and the antecedents and consequences of problem gambling at age 20 years. Young adult participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed computer-administered gambling surveys on paper, or online. Responses to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) were complete for 2624 participants at 20 years, and 1921 participants at 24 years. Responses were categorized into ‘non-problem’ (71–78%), ‘low-risk gambling’ (16–21%), ‘moderate-risk gambling’ (4–5.5%), and ‘problem gambling’ (1–1.5%). The overall frequency of moderate-risk/problem gambling varied little between age 20 and 24 years, and scratch cards, online betting and gambling were the most frequent activities. Problem gamblers at age 20 years had a history of hyperactivity and conduct problems in adolescence, high sensation seeking, and an external locus of control. They were more likely to have mothers who had problems with gambling, reported less parental supervision, and higher social media usage. Moderate-risk/problem gambling at age 20 years was associated with regular cigarette smoking, high levels of illicit drug use, and problematic use of alcohol at age 24 years. A significant minority of young adults (mainly males) showed problem gambling behaviours which appeared to be established by the age of 20 years and were associated with other potentially addictive behaviours.
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18
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Zhang MX, Yang HM, Tong KK, Wu AMS. The prospective effect of purpose in life on gambling disorder and psychological flourishing among university students. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:756-765. [PMID: 32817587 PMCID: PMC8943680 DOI: 10.1556/jba-9-756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gambling disorder (GD) is a mental disorder with a relatively higher prevalence in university students compared to adolescents and adults. Its reciprocity with mental being indicators, such as psychological flourishing, would be expected, but prior to this study had not yet been empirically examined. In addition, the predictive value of purpose in life (PIL) on university students' GD and psychological flourishing also remained unknown. This 1-year longitudinal study was the first to test the potential bidirectional relationships among PIL, self-reported GD symptoms, and psychological flourishing. METHODS In this study, a total of 283 university students (39.6% females; age = 18-27 years, M = 20.47, SD = 1.15) completed an anonymous questionnaire at both baseline and a year later in a follow-up study. RESULTS The results of our cross-lagged analysis did not show the hypothesized reciprocity between GD symptoms and psychological flourishing (P > 0.05). However, PIL significantly predicted fewer GD symptoms (β = -0.23, P < 0.001) and higher levels of psychological flourishing (β = 0.30, P < 0.001) in the follow-up study. Moreover, psychological flourishing predicted PIL a year later. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the potential efficacy of purpose/meaning oriented interventions in gambling prevention and in well-being promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Hong Mian Yang
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Kwok-Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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19
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Zhang MX, Yang HM, Tong KK, Wu AMS. The prospective effect of purpose in life on gambling disorder and psychological flourishing among university students. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:756-765. [PMID: 32817587 PMCID: PMC8943680 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gambling disorder (GD) is a mental disorder with a relatively higher prevalence in university students compared to adolescents and adults. Its reciprocity with mental being indicators, such as psychological flourishing, would be expected, but prior to this study had not yet been empirically examined. In addition, the predictive value of purpose in life (PIL) on university students' GD and psychological flourishing also remained unknown. This 1-year longitudinal study was the first to test the potential bidirectional relationships among PIL, self-reported GD symptoms, and psychological flourishing. METHODS In this study, a total of 283 university students (39.6% females; age = 18-27 years, M = 20.47, SD = 1.15) completed an anonymous questionnaire at both baseline and a year later in a follow-up study. RESULTS The results of our cross-lagged analysis did not show the hypothesized reciprocity between GD symptoms and psychological flourishing (P > 0.05). However, PIL significantly predicted fewer GD symptoms (β = -0.23, P < 0.001) and higher levels of psychological flourishing (β = 0.30, P < 0.001) in the follow-up study. Moreover, psychological flourishing predicted PIL a year later. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the potential efficacy of purpose/meaning oriented interventions in gambling prevention and in well-being promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Hong Mian Yang
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Kwok-Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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20
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Richard J, Fletcher É, Boutin S, Derevensky J, Temcheff C. Conduct problems and depressive symptoms in association with problem gambling and gaming: A systematic review. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:497-533. [PMID: 32750033 PMCID: PMC8943658 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Behavioral addictions such as gambling and gaming disorder are significant public health issues that are of increasing importance to policy makers and health care providers. Problem gambling and gaming behaviors have been identified as being associated with externalizing and internalizing problems, with theoretical models suggesting that both conduct problems and depressive symptoms may be significant risk factors in the development of problem gambling and gaming. As such, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of research identifying the relationship between conduct problems, depressive symptoms and problem gambling and gaming among adolescents and young adults. METHODS Systematic literature searches in accordance with PRISMA guidelines found 71 eligible studies that met the inclusion criteria, 47 for problem gambling, 23 for problem gaming and one for both problem behaviors. RESULTS Based on cross-sectional evidence, both problem gambling and gaming are consistently concurrently associated with conduct problems and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal evidence appears to be clearer for conduct problems as a risk factor for problem gambling, and depressive symptoms as a risk factor for problem gaming. However, both risk factors appear to increase the risk for these problem behaviors. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results from the literature review suggest that problem gambling and gaming are associated with the presence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms, with the potential of sharing common etiological factors. Additional research is necessary to confirm these longitudinal relationships with an emphasis on investigating the interaction of both early conduct problems and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Richard
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Émilie Fletcher
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Boutin
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Derevensky
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Temcheff
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Hilbrecht M, Baxter D, Abbott M, Binde P, Clark L, Hodgins DC, Manitowabi D, Quilty L, SpÅngberg J, Volberg R, Walker D, Williams RJ. The Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling: A revised framework for understanding gambling harm. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:190-205. [PMID: 32554839 PMCID: PMC8939413 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling moves beyond a symptoms-based view of harm and addresses a broad set of factors related to the risks and effects of gambling harmfully at the individual, family, and community levels. Coauthored by international research experts and informed by multiple stakeholders, Gambling Research Exchange (GREO) facilitated the framework development in 2013 and retains responsibility for regular updates and mobilization. This review article presents information about the revised version of the Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling completed in late 2018. METHODS We describe eight interrelated factors depicted in the framework that represent major themes in gambling ranging from the specific (gambling environment, exposure, gambling types, and treatment resources) to the general (cultural, social, psychological, and biological influences). After outlining the framework development and collaborative process, we highlight new topics for the recent update that reflect changes in the gambling landscape and prominent discourses in the scientific community. Some of these topics include social and economic impacts of gambling, and a new model of understanding gambling related harm. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We address the relevance of the CFHG to the gambling and behavioral addictions research community. Harm-based frameworks have been undertaken in other areas of addiction that can both inform and be informed by a model dedicated to harmful gambling. Further, the framework brings a multi-disciplinary perspective to bear on antecedents and factors that co-occur with harmful gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Hilbrecht
- Gambling Research Exchange, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Deptartment of Recreation & Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Max Abbott
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Per Binde
- School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David C. Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darrel Manitowabi
- School of Northern and Community Studies, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Lena Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Volberg
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Walker
- Department of Economics, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert J. Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Mills DJ, Marchica L, Keough MT, Derevensky JL. Exploring differences in substance use among emerging adults at-risk for problem gambling, and/or problem video gaming. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1752768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin J. Mills
- Department Of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Loredana Marchica
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey L. Derevensky
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Problem Gambling in the Fitness World-A General Population Web Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041342. [PMID: 32093056 PMCID: PMC7068575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The world of sports has a complex association to problem gambling, and the sparse research examining problem gambling in athletes has suggested an increased prevalence and particularly high male predominance. The present study aimed to study frequency and correlates of problem gambling in populations with moderate to high involvement in fitness or physical exercise. This is a self-selective online survey focusing on addictive behaviors in physical exercise distributed by ‘fitness influencers’ on social media and other online fitness forums to their followers. Respondents were included if they reported exercise at least thrice weekly, were above 15 years of age, and provided informed consent (N = 3088). Problem gambling, measured with the Lie/Bet, was studied in association with demographic data, substance use, and mental health variables. The occurrence of lifetime problem gambling was 8 percent (12 percent in men, one percent in women). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male gender, younger age, risky alcohol drinking, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and less frequent exercise habits. In conclusion, in this self-recruited population with moderate to high fitness involvement, problem gambling was moderately elevated. As shown previously in elite athletes, the male predominance was larger than in the general population. The findings strengthen the link between problem gambling and the world of sports.
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Jun HJ, Sacco P, Bright C, Cunningham-Williams RM. Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Depression, Antisocial Behavior, Alcohol Use, and Gambling during Emerging Adulthood. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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The Reciprocal Association between Problem Gambling and Mental Health Symptoms/Substance Use: Cross-Lagged Path Modelling of Longitudinal Cohort Data. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111888. [PMID: 31698740 PMCID: PMC6912817 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, studies have highlighted cross-sectional and unidirectional prospective relationships between problem gambling and mental health symptoms or substance use. The current study aims to: (1) examine the reciprocal relationships between problem gambling and mental health symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety)/substance use variables (hazardous alcohol use, daily tobacco use, and drug use) using cross-lagged path models in a prospective general population cohort sample; and (2) determine whether these associations are moderated by age and gender. This study involved secondary data analysis from 1109 respondents who provided data during Wave 2 or 3 (12-months apart) of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Gambling Study (Australia). Depression (odds ratio (OR) = 2.164) and generalized anxiety (OR = 2.300) at Wave 2 were found to have cross-lagged associations with the subsequent development of any-risk gambling (low-risk, moderate-risk, or problem gambling) at Wave 3. Hazardous alcohol use, daily tobacco use, and drug use at Wave 2 were not associated with the development of any-risk gambling at Wave 3. Any-risk gambling at Wave 2 was not associated with the subsequent development of any mental health symptoms or substance use variables at Wave 3. Age and gender failed to be significant moderators in the associations between any-risk gambling and mental health symptoms or substance use variables. Future longitudinal and event-level research is required to further substantiate these prospective relationships, with a view to developing targeted preventions and interventions.
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Latvala T, Lintonen T, Konu A. Public health effects of gambling - debate on a conceptual model. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1077. [PMID: 31399026 PMCID: PMC6688345 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling for money is a popular leisure time activity in most countries, which has major social and economic impacts not only affecting the gambler, but his/her significant others, and the society. Gambling impact studies can help researchers and policymakers compare the health and social costs and benefits of different gambling policies and can be used when considering which gambling policies will reduce or increase costs or benefits the most. In a public health approach, the impacts of gambling, negative and positive, are assessed across the entire severity spectrum of the activity. Although some studies have created basic principles for conducting impact studies, a theoretical model is currently lacking. The aim of this debate is to review complementing and contrasting views on the effects of gambling to create a conceptual model, where a public health perspective is applied. MAIN TEXT The effects of gambling can be structuralized using a conceptual model, where impacts are divided into negative and positive; costs and benefits. Costs and benefits are categorized into three classes: financial, labor and health, and well-being. These classes manifest in personal, interpersonal, and societal levels. Individual impacts cause effects on a personal level to gamblers themselves. External impacts influence the interpersonal and society/community levels and concern other people. The temporal level refers to the development, severity and scope of the gambling impact. These include general impacts, impacts of problem gambling and long-term impacts of gambling. CONCLUSIONS The conceptual model offers a base on which to start building common methodology for assessing the impact of gambling on the society. While measuring monetary impacts is not always straightforward, the main issue is how to measure the social impacts, which are typically ignored in calculations, as are personal and interpersonal impacts. The reviewed empirical work largely concentrated on the costs of gambling, especially costs on the community level. The Model can be used to identify areas where research is scarce. Filling the gaps in knowledge is essential in forming a balanced evidence base on the impacts of gambling. Ideally, this evidence could be the starting point in formulating public policies on gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Latvala
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Lintonen
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Konu
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
A number of studies have suggested that depressive mood might lead to the development and/or maintenance of a gambling disorder (GD). The pathways by which such relationships are fostered may involve deficits in emotional regulation capacity and dysfunctional coping styles. This study aims to explore the role played by depressive symptomatology and the regulation of positive emotion in GD. We administered the South Oaks Gambling Inventory (SOGS, Lesieur and Blume in Am J Psychiatry 144(9):1184-1188, 1987), the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21, Lovibond and Lovibond in Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Psychology Foundation, Sydney, 1995) and the Kill-joy Thinking subscale of the Ways of Savouring Checklist (WOSC, Bryant and Veroff in Savoring: a new model of positive experience. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, 2007) to a sample of pathological gamblers (n = 91) and a sample of community participants (n = 105). The pathological gamblers scored higher on the DASS-21 subscales and obtained higher scores on the Kill-joy Thinking subscale of the WOSC compared to the controls. Moreover, the SOGS scores positively correlate with the DASS-21 subscales, and with the Kill-Joy Thinking measure. Finally, it is evident that Kill-joy Thinking fully mediates the relationship between depressive symptomatology and GD severity. Our results further confirm the roles of depression, anxiety and stress in GD. Moreover, this is the first study to explore the mediating role of dampening processes in the relationship between depression and GD. Future lines of research are also discussed.
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Hellberg SN, Russell TI, Robinson MJF. Cued for risk: Evidence for an incentive sensitization framework to explain the interplay between stress and anxiety, substance abuse, and reward uncertainty in disordered gambling behavior. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 19:737-758. [PMID: 30357661 PMCID: PMC6482104 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder is an impairing condition confounded by psychiatric co-morbidity, particularly with substance use and anxiety disorders. Yet, our knowledge of the mechanisms that cause these disorders to coalesce remains limited. The Incentive Sensitization Theory suggests that sensitization of neural "wanting" pathways, which attribute incentive salience to rewards and their cues, is responsible for the excessive desire for drugs and cue-triggered craving. The resulting hyper-reactivity of the "wanting' system is believed to heavily influence compulsive drug use and relapse. Notably, evidence for sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway has been seen across gambling and substance use, as well as anxiety and stress-related pathology, with stress playing a major role in relapse. Together, this evidence highlights a phenomenon known as cross-sensitization, whereby sensitization to stress, drugs, or gambling behaviors enhance the sensitivity and dopaminergic response to any of those stimuli. Here, we review the literature on how cue attraction and reward uncertainty may underlie gambling pathology, and examine how this framework may advance our understanding of co-mordidity with substance-use disorders (e.g., alcohol, nicotine) and anxiety disorders. We argue that reward uncertainty, as seen in slot machines and games of chance, increases dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic pathway and enhances the incentive value of reward cues. We propose that incentive sensitization by reward uncertainty may interact with and predispose individuals to drug abuse and stress, creating a mechanism through which co-mordidity of these disorders may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Hellberg
- Psychology Department and the Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT, 06457, USA
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trinity I Russell
- Psychology Department and the Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT, 06457, USA
- National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mike J F Robinson
- Psychology Department and the Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT, 06457, USA.
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Cao L, Burton VS, Liu L. Correlates of Illicit Drug Use Among Indigenous Peoples in Canada: A Test of Social Support Theory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:4510-4527. [PMID: 29484913 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18758853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Relying on a national stratified random sample of Indigenous peoples aged 19 years old and above in Canada, this study investigates the correlates of illicit drug use among Indigenous peoples, paying special attention to the association between social support measures and illegal drug use. Results from multivariate logistical regression show that measures of social support, such as residential mobility, strength of ties within communities, and lack of timely counseling, are statistically significant correlates of illicit drug use. Those identifying as Christian are significantly less likely to use illegal drugs. This is the first nationwide analysis of the illicit drug usage of Indigenous peoples in Canada. The results are robust because we have controlled for a range of comorbidity variables as well as a series of sociodemographic variables. Policy implications from these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Cao
- 1 University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada
| | | | - Liu Liu
- 3 Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Motivational models have been shown to usefully describe reasons for engaging in addictive behaviors including gambling disorder. Although most scales designed to measure motives have been derived statistically, self-generated open-ended responses have also shown utility for identifying unique motives for gambling. While the motivational structure for gambling disorder has been extensively explored, there has been a paucity of research examining motives for choosing not to gamble. This is not the case for other addictive behaviors such as alcohol use where motives for abstaining from drinking have been well defined. The primary goal of this study was to qualitatively explore and identify motives for not gambling in a sample of young adult non-gamblers using open-ended responses. A sample (N = 196) of undergraduate current non-gamblers, defined as no gambling activity over the previous 12 months, completed a series of questionnaires on demographics, gambling behavior, and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, they were asked to provide their top three reasons for not gambling in rank order. The results revealed eight specific motives for why participants chose not to gamble: 'financial reasons and risk aversion'; 'disinterest and other priorities'; 'personal and religious convictions'; 'addiction concerns'; 'influence of others' values'; 'awareness of the odds'; 'lack of access, opportunity, or skill'; and 'emotional distress'. Personal and religious convictions reasons were also related to lifetime non-drinking, suggesting that these motives are associated with decreased addictive behaviors in general. Ultimately, these results may help to inform the design of prevention strategies for gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Rash
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Administration Building, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Daniel S McGrath
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Administration Building, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Richard J, Potenza MN, Ivoska W, Derevensky J. The Stimulating Nature of Gambling Behaviors: Relationships Between Stimulant Use and Gambling Among Adolescents. J Gambl Stud 2018; 35:47-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-9778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Krause K, Bischof A, Lewin S, Guertler D, Rumpf HJ, John U, Meyer C. Explaining the relation between pathological gambling and depression: Rumination as an underlying common cause. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:384-391. [PMID: 29846083 PMCID: PMC6174589 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Symptoms of pathological gambling (SPG) and depression often co-occur. The nature of this relationship remains unclear. Rumination, which is well known to be associated with depression, might act as a common underlying factor explaining the frequent co-occurrence of both conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze associations between the rumination subfactors brooding and reflection and SPG. Methods Participants aged 14-64 years were recruited within an epidemiological study on pathological gambling in Germany. Cross-sectional data of 506 (80.4% male) individuals with a history of gambling problems were analyzed. The assessment included a standardized clinical interview. To examine the effects of rumination across different levels of problem gambling severity, sequential quantile regression was used to analyze the association between the rumination subfactors and SPG. Results Brooding (p = .005) was positively associated with the severity of problem gambling after adjusting for reflection, depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic variables. Along the distribution of problem gambling severity, findings hold for all but the lowest severity level. Reflection (p = .347) was not associated with the severity of problem gambling at the median. Along the distribution of problem gambling severity, there was an inverse association at only one quantile. Discussion and conclusions Brooding might be important in the development and maintenance of problem gambling. With its relations to depression and problem gambling, it might be crucial when it comes to explaining the high comorbidity rates between SPG and depression. The role of reflection in SPG remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Krause
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,Corresponding author: Kristian Krause, Dipl.-Psych.; Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald D-17475, Germany; Phone: +49 3834 867 722; Fax: +49 3834 867 701; E-mail:
| | - Anja Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silvia Lewin
- Klinik Niederrhein, Psychological Service, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany
| | - Diana Guertler
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Dussault F, Brunelle N, Kairouz S, Rousseau M, Leclerc D, Tremblay J, Cousineau MM, Dufour M. Transition from playing with simulated gambling games to gambling with real money: a longitudinal study in adolescence. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1343366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dussault
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Natacha Brunelle
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Sylvia Kairouz
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michel Rousseau
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Danielle Leclerc
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Joël Tremblay
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | | | - Magali Dufour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
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Nicholson R, Graves C, Ellery M, Afifi TO. The Temporal Relationship Between Faulty Gambling Cognitions and Gambling Severity in Young Adults. J Gambl Stud 2017; 32:1215-1229. [PMID: 27074945 PMCID: PMC5101278 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disordered gambling in young adults is hypothesized as being related to mistaken gambling-related cognitions. Few studies have examined the temporal order of this relationship using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study is to understand the directionality of the relationship between gambling cognitions and gambling severity in a longitudinal sample of young adults. Young adults (N = 578), initially aged 18–21 years, completed the Manitoba Longitudinal Survey of Young Adults at two time points approximately 2–3 years apart. Measures of beliefs about randomness related to gambling and gambling severity, as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index, were utilized. A cross-sectional relationship between gambling severity and gambling-related cognitions was observed with greater gambling severity being associated with increased endorsement of mistaken cognitions. Evidence for a bidirectional longitudinal relationship was observed with faulty gambling cognitions leading to later problematic gambling behaviors and vice versa when examining a total beliefs scale. When examining specific beliefs about randomness, initial gambling group membership predicted later endorsement of certain beliefs about randomness while initial belief ratings did not impact later gambling group membership. The results of this study suggest a bidirectional relationship between gambling severity and erroneous gambling-related cognitions. However, when examining specific beliefs about randomness, evidence was found for problem gambling behaviors leading to erroneous gambling beliefs. These findings suggest that prevention efforts targeting cognitions may not be as effective in impacting those not yet demonstrating disordered gambling behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Nicholson
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Chad Graves
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael Ellery
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, S113-750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W5, Canada.
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