1
|
Bryson E, Anastasi A, Bricknell L, Kift R. Household dog fecal composting: Current issues and future directions. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38924209 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Dog feces are a known source of nutrient, pathogen, and plastic pollution that can harm human and ecosystem health. Home composting may be a more environmentally sustainable method of managing dog feces and reducing this pollution. While composting is an established method for recycling animal manures into low-risk soil conditioners for food production, few studies have investigated whether household-scale compost methods can safely and effectively process dog feces for use in backyard edible gardens. A broad range of literature on in situ composting of dog feces is evaluated and compared according to scale, parameters tested, and compost methods used. Studies are analyzed based on key identified knowledge gaps: appropriate compost technologies to produce quality soil conditioner on small scales, potential for fecal pathogen disinfection in mesophilic compost conditions, and biodegradation of compostable plastic dog waste bags in home compost systems. This review also discusses how existing methods and quality standards for commercial compost can be adapted to dog fecal home composting. Priorities for future research are investigation of household-scale aerobic compost methods and potential compost amendments needed to effectively decompose dog feces and compostable plastic dog waste bags to produce a good-quality, sanitized, beneficial soil conditioner for use in home gardens. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-16. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bryson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amie Anastasi
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Bricknell
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Kift
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi C, Xie P, Ding Z, Niu G, Wen T, Gu W, Lu Y, Wang F, Li W, Zeng J, Shen Q, Yuan J. Inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms in solid organic waste via black soldier fly larvae-mediated management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169767. [PMID: 38176562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Inadequately managed solid organic waste generation poses a threat to the environment and human health globally. Biotransformation with the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is emerging as talent technology for solid waste management. However, there is a lack of understanding of whether BSFL can effectively suppress potential pathogenic microorganisms during management and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the temporal variations of microorganisms in two common types of solid waste, i.e., kitchen waste (KW) and pig manure (PM). Natural composting and composting with BSFL under three different pH levels (pH 5, 7, and 9) were established to explore their impact on microbial communities in compost and the gut of BSFL. The results showed that the compost of kitchen waste and pig manure led to an increase in relative abundance of various potentially pathogenic bacteria. Temporal gradient analyses revealed that the most substantial reduction in the relative abundance and diversity of potentially pathogenic microorganisms occurred when the initial pH of both two wastes were adjusted to 7 upon the introduction of BSFL. Through network and pls-pm analysis, it was discovered that the gut microbiota of BSFL occupied an ecological niche in the compost, inhibiting the proliferation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. This study has revealed the potential of BSFL in reducing public health risks during the solid waste management process, providing robust support for sustainable waste management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Penghao Xie
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhexu Ding
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoqing Niu
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengying Wang
- Guangzhou Outreach Environmental Technologies Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hui C, Yu Q, Liu B, Zhu M, Long Y, Shen D. Microbial contamination risk of landfilled waste with different ages. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:297-307. [PMID: 37738757 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Landfills are reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pathogens, and humans are exposed to these pollutants during extensive excavation of old landfills. However, the microbial contamination risk of landfilled waste with different ages has not been assessed. In this study, human bacterial pathogens (HBPs), ARGs, and virulence factors (VFs) were systematically determined using metagenomic analysis. Results showed that the abundance of HBPs, ARGs, and VFs increased with landfill age, the percentage of HBPs in refuse with deposit age of 10-12 years (Y10) was 23.75 ± 0.49%, which was higher than that in fresh refuse (Y0, 17.99 ± 0.14%) and refuse with deposit age of 5-6 years (Y5, 19.14 ± 0.15%), indicating that old refuse had higher microbial contamination risk than fresh refuse. Multidrug, macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramine, and tetracycline resistance genes were the primary ARGs, whereas lipooligosaccharides, type IV pili, and polar flagella were the dominant VFs in refuse. The HBPs showed a significant positive correlation with ARGs and VFs. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli possibly possess both multiple ARGs and VFs and could be listed as high-risk HBPs in refuse. Mobile genetic elements, especially transposons, showed positive correlations with most ARGs and VFs, and they were identified as the primary factors accounting for the variations in ARGs and VFs. These findings will help understand the spread of ARGs and VFs in landfills and evaluate the potential risk of microbiological contamination in refuse of different landfill ages, thus providing guidance for preventing disease infection during landfill excavations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Hui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lanzarini NM, Mannarino CF, Mata RM, Saggioro EM, Moreira JC, Miagostovich MP. Quantification and molecular characterization of intact rotavirus species A (RVA) in municipal solid waste leachate. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad146. [PMID: 37429601 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Leachate comprises a solid waste decomposition product found fresh in collection trucks or as an effluent in landfills. This study aimed to assess the occurrence, concentrations, and genetic diversity of intact rotavirus species A (RVA) in solid waste leachate. METHODS AND RESULTS Leachate samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, treated with propidium monoazide (PMA), and exposed to LED photolysis. Treated and untread samples were extracted using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool mini kit, and nucleic acids were screened for RVA employing a Taqman® Real-time PCR. The PMA RT-qPCR method detected RVA in eight out of nine truck samples and in 15.40% (2/13) of the landfill leachate samples. The RVA concentrations in the PMA-treated samples ranged from 4.57 × 103 to 2.15 × 107 genomic copies (GC) 100 mL-1 in truck leachate and from 7.83 × 103 to 1.42 × 104 GC 100 mL-1 in landfill samples. Six truck leachate samples were characterized as RVA VP6 genogroup I2 by partial nucleotide sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The high intact RVA detection rates and concentrations in truck leachate samples indicate potential infectivity and comprise a warning for solid waste collectors concerning hand-to-mouth contact and the splash route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Maria Lanzarini
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Marinho Mata
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Josino Costa Moreira
- Center for Studies on Workers' Health and Human Ecology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aromolaran OK, Aromolaran O, Faleye ET, Faerber H. Environmental impacts of an unlined municipal solid waste landfill on groundwater and surface water quality in Ibadan, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3585-3616. [PMID: 36454339 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and public health concerns grow on the interaction of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachates from unlined waste disposal sites with aquifers in many developing countries. This study investigated the environmental pollution impacts of an unlined MSW landfill at Ajakanga area, Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Analytical studies indicated that the concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, NH4-, Cl-, Na, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Mo in the leachate samples exceeded the WHO wastewater discharge limits. Hydrochemical parameters of the groundwater and surface water were within WHO allowable thresholds, except for EC, TDS, Fe, Mn, and Pb in the groundwater and Pb, Cd, and Cu in the surface water, indicating major geogenic and minor MSW leachate impacts on the groundwater and surface water chemistry. Bacteria found in the leachate include Enterobacter cloacae (16.67%), Pseudomonas spp. (14.28%) and Bacillus spp. (9.52%). The geoelectrical imaging data indicated substratum leachate infiltration greater than 10 m deep, which is consistent with the low resistivity values of the topsoil-weathered basement layers. The health risk assessment showed high hazardous index values, indicating health risks of Mn, Cd and Pb in the surface water for the residents around Ajakanga landfill. Hydrochemical data indicated greater impact of the MSW leachates on the surface water than the groundwater, while geophysical data showed greater propensity of the surrounding aquifer to leachate interaction through fractured basement zone with increasing abstraction. Waste site closure and hydrochemical monitoring are suggested measures to mitigate environmental pollution in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olukemi Aromolaran
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University Iwo, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel Temitope Faleye
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Harald Faerber
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lanzarini NM, Mannarino CF, Ribeiro AVC, Prado T, Vahia LS, Siqueira MM, Resende PC, Quintaes BR, Miagostovich MP. SARS-CoV-2 surveillance-based on municipal solid waste leachate in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67368-67377. [PMID: 37101215 PMCID: PMC10132925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste leachate-based epidemiology is an alternative viral tracking tool that applies fresh truck leachate as an early warning of public health emergencies. This study aimed to investigate the potential of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance based on solid waste fresh truck leachate. Twenty truck leachate samples were ultracentrifugated, nucleic acid extracted, and real-time RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 N1/N2 applied. Viral isolation, variant of concern (N1/N2) inference, and whole genome sequencing were also performed. SARS-CoV-2 was detected on 40% (8/20) of samples, with a concentration from 2.89 to 6.96 RNA Log10 100 mL-1. The attempt to isolate SARS-CoV-2 and recover the whole genome was not successful; however, positive samples were characterized as possible pre-variant of concern (pre-VOC), VOC Alpha (B.1.1.7) and variant of interest Zeta (P.2). This approach revealed an alternative tool to infer SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and may help the management of local surveillance, health, and social policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Maria Lanzarini
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - André Vinicius Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Prado
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Saboia Vahia
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Paola Cristina Resende
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang T, Chen Y, Cai Y, Yu Y, Liu J, Shen X, Li G, An T. Abundance and cultivable bioaerosol transport from a municipal solid waste landfill area and its risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121038. [PMID: 36623786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, constituting the third largest anthropogenic sources of bioaerosols, are suspected to be one of the major contributors to adverse health outcomes. A regional modeling of aerosol trajectories based on wind-tunnel observations and on-site monitoring was newly-developed to uncover the impacts of a typical MSW landfill on ambient bioaerosol pollution. Results showed that the horizontal diffusion velocity of bioaerosols reached 4.33 times higher than the vertical velocity under surface calm winds. On-site monitoring revealed that the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 10 μm were 3.05 times higher than those of PM1.0 in the 2.8-km downwind residential regions near the MSW landfill. With the increase in PM concentration, higher-abundance microorganisms were detected. A number of cultivable bacterial species (Micrococcus endophyticus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus sporothermodurans, Salmonella entericaserovar typhi, Rhodococcus hoagie, Blastococcups) and fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Microascus cirrosus, Cochliobolus, Stemphylium vesicarium) were identified in these bioaerosols. Furthermore, distinguished by transmission electron microscopy, a longer-range transported microorganism (E. coli) clinging onto suspended PM was observed, signifying higher exposure risks. Human health risk assessments demonstrate that the residents and occupational workers in the vicinity of MSW landfill endured atmospheric diffusion-induced bioaerosol exposure risks due to open dumping activities in MSW landfill. This study clearly indicates bioaerosol pollution from landfills, and people particularly living nearby the MSW facilities, must decrease outdoor activities during dusty days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinlin Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han Y, Li L, Liu J. Distribution characteristics and potential risks of bacterial aerosol in waste transfer station. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116599. [PMID: 36368203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The waste transfer station (WTS) is an important link in the transfer of municipal solid waste (MSW) between the community and disposal terminals. While WTSs facilitate waste collection in communities, odorous gases and bioaerosols can escape from them, thereby negatively affecting their surroundings. In this study, the concentration, particle size distribution, pathogen population, and health risks of bioaerosols were analyzed at different locations in a transfer station. The results showed that the highest viable bacterial aerosol concentration was 10,353 ± 3701 CFU/m3, which was at 5 m from the disposal site. Fifty-three bacterial species, including pathogens, were detected. Of these, 39 were human pathogenic bacteria directly originating from the WTS. Furthermore, health risk assessments indicated unacceptable levels of non-carcinogenic risk for operational workers caused by bacterial aerosols of the WTS work area. In addition, bacterial aerosols may pose a severe health risk to children within a 15 m area of the WTS. The results of this study provide a scientific basis to control and reduce the risk associated with bioaerosol exposure in solid WTSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Digestate-Derived Ammonium Fertilizers and Their Blends as Substitutes to Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient recovery from biomass streams generates novel recycling-derived fertilizers (RDFs). The effect of RDFs depends on their nutrient content and variability, which can aid or hinder their use by end-users. Detailed characterization of RDFs can help in evaluating product properties, whereas blending RDFs can optimize their nutrient ratios and reduce nutrient variability. This study assesses ammonium nitrate (AN) from stripping-scrubbing, ammonium water (AW) and concentrate (CaE) from evaporation, and two tailor-made blends (AN + CaE and AW + CaE), for their potential as nitrogen (N) fertilizers in the pot cultivation of lettuce. Parallelly, a soil incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the N release dynamics of the tested RDFs. The RDFs were compared against the commercial calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and an unfertilized control. AN and AW fertilization resulted in a similar crop yield and N uptake to the CAN treatment. CaE and blends exhibited poor yield and N uptake, possibly due to the sodium toxicity detected. AN and AW displayed N fertilizer replacement values above 100%, whereas CaE and blends exhibited poor results in the current experiments. The soil incubation experiment showed a positive soil priming effect in AN and AW treatment, as their N release was over 100%. Further research under uncontrolled field conditions utilizing AN and AW for diverse crop types can validate their N replacement potential.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lanzarini NM, Federigi I, Marinho Mata R, Neves Borges MD, Mendes Saggioro E, Cioni L, Verani M, Carducci A, Costa Moreira J, Ferreira Mannarino C, Pereira Miagostovich M. Human adenovirus in municipal solid waste leachate and quantitative risk assessment of gastrointestinal illness to waste collectors. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:308-317. [PMID: 34922305 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leachate is a variable effluent from waste management systems generated during waste collection and on landfills. Twenty-two leachate samples from waste collection trucks and a landfill were collected from March to December 2019 in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and were analyzed for Human Adenovirus (HAdV), bacterial indicators and physico-chemical parameters. For viral analysis, samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation and processed for molecular analysis using QIAamp Fast DNA Stool mini kit® for DNA extraction followed by nested-PCR and qPCR/PMA-qPCR TaqMan® system. HAdV was detected by nested-PCR in 100% (9/9) and 83.33% (12/13) of the truck and landfill leachate samples, respectively. Viral concentrations ranged from 8.31 × 101 to 6.68 × 107 genomic copies per 100 ml by qPCR and PMA-qPCR. HAdV species A, B, C, and F were characterized using nucleotide sequencing. HAdV were isolated in A549 culture cells in 100% (9/9) and 46.2% (6/13) from truck and landfill leachate samples, respectively. Regardless of the detection methods, HAdV concentration was predicted by the quantity of total suspended solids. A quantitative microbial risk assessment was performed to measure the probability of gastrointestinal (GI) illness attributable to inadvertent oral ingestion of truck leachate, revealing the higher probability of disease for the direct splashing into the oral cavity (58%) than for the gloved hand-to-mouth (33%). In a scenario where waste collectors do not wear gloves as protective personal equipment, the risk increases to 67%. This is the first study revealing infectious HAdV in solid waste leachate and indicates a potential health risk for waste collectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Maria Lanzarini
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ileana Federigi
- Hygiene and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Rafaela Marinho Mata
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Denise Neves Borges
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Cioni
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Verani
- Hygiene and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Annalaura Carducci
- Hygiene and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Josino Costa Moreira
- Center for Studies on Workers' Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anand U, Li X, Sunita K, Lokhandwala S, Gautam P, Suresh S, Sarma H, Vellingiri B, Dey A, Bontempi E, Jiang G. SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111839. [PMID: 34358502 PMCID: PMC8332740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the techniques available for detecting and inactivating of pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste. In view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 is being given special attention, with a thorough examination of all possible transmission pathways linked to the selected waste matrices. Despite the lack of works focused on landfill leachate, a systematic review method, based on cluster analysis, allows to analyze the available papers devoted to sewage sludge and wastewater, allowing to focalize the work on technologies able to detect and treat pathogens. In this work, great attention is also devoted to infectivity and transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the literature analysis shows that sewage sludge and landfill leachate seem to have a remote chance to act as a virus transmission route (pollution-to-human transmission) due to improper collection and treatment of municipal wastewater and solid waste. However due to the incertitude about virus infectivity, these possibilities cannot be excluded and need further investigation. As a conclusion, this paper shows that additional research is required not only on the coronavirus-specific disinfection, but also the regular surveillance or monitoring of viral loads in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate. The disinfection strategies need to be optimized in terms of dosage and potential adverse impacts like antimicrobial resistance, among many other factors. Finally, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic microorganisms in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate can hamper the possibility to ensure safe water and public health in economically marginalized countries and hinder the realization of the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Snehal Lokhandwala
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, UPL University of Sustainable Technology, Ankleshwar, Gujarat, 393135, India
| | - Pratibha Gautam
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, UPL University of Sustainable Technology, Ankleshwar, Gujarat, 393135, India
| | - S Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Department of Botany, Nanda Nath Saikia College, Dhodar Ali, Titabar, 785630, Assam, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641-046, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brisolara KF, Maal-Bared R, Sobsey MD, Reimers RS, Rubin A, Bastian RK, Gerba C, Smith JE, Bibby K, Kester G, Brown S. Assessing and managing SARS-CoV-2 occupational health risk to workers handling residuals and biosolids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145732. [PMID: 33611008 PMCID: PMC7869681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Current wastewater worker guidance from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) aligns with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommendations and states that no additional specific protections against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infections, are recommended for employees involved in wastewater management operations with residuals, sludge, and biosolids at water resource recovery facilities. The USEPA guidance references a document from 2002 that summarizes practices required for protection of workers handling class B biosolids to minimize exposure to pathogens including viruses. While there is no documented evidence that residuals or biosolids of any treatment level contain infectious SARS-CoV-2 or are a source of transmission of this current pandemic strain of coronavirus, this review summarizes and examines whether the provided federal guidance is sufficient to protect workers in view of currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 persistence and transmission. No currently available epidemiological data establishes a direct link between wastewater sludge or biosolids and risk of infection from the SARS-CoV-2. Despite shedding of the RNA of the virus in feces, there is no evidence supporting the presence or transmission of infectious SARS-CoV-2 through the wastewater system or in biosolids. In addition, this review presents previous epidemiologic data related to other non-enveloped viruses. Overall, the risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, or any pathogen, decreases with increasing treatment measures. As a result, the highest risk of exposure is related to spreading and handling untreated feces or stool, followed by untreated municipal sludge, the class B biosolids, while lowest risk is associated with spreading or handling Class A biosolids. This review reinforces federal recommendations and the importance of vigilance in applying occupational risk mitigation measures to protect public and occupational health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Fitzmorris Brisolara
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
| | | | - Mark D Sobsey
- Gillings School of Global Public Health at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Robert S Reimers
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and Environmental Solutions, Pinnacle Waste Solutions, LLC Richmond, TX, United States of America
| | - Albert Rubin
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert K Bastian
- Retired - former USEPA, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Charles Gerba
- University of Arizona, Department of Environmental Science, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - James E Smith
- Retired - former USEPA, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Greg Kester
- California Association of Sanitation Agencies, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - Sally Brown
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Velasco Perez M, Sotelo Navarro PX, Vazquez Morillas A, Espinosa Valdemar RM, Hermoso Lopez Araiza JP. Waste management and environmental impact of absorbent hygiene products: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:767-783. [PMID: 32907518 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20954271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Absorbent hygiene products (AHP) have received much interest due to the notion that their end-of-life (EoL) stage has high environmental impacts. Since the use of AHP will continue to rise in the foreseeable future, information that helps with a reduction in the environmental impacts of AHP through their life cycle is needed. This research presents an estimation of AHP in municipal waste, and it also reviews and discusses waste management options, available treatments at bench, pilot or full scale, and life cycle assessments (LCAs) available in the literature. Municipal waste of countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development contains on average 2.7% of baby nappies, 4.8% of adult nappies and 0.5% of sanitary pads (in weight), whereas that of Latin-American countries have 7.3%, 3.3%, and 0.9%, respectively. Management options for AHP waste in developed countries are landfilling and incineration, while in developing countries AHP are disposed of in dumpsites and landfills. Most LCAs identify significant environmental impacts in the production of raw materials, while EoL scenarios involving incineration and landfill were found to have a significant contribution to global warming potential. Substitution with alternative products has been suggested as a way of decreasing environmental impacts; however, their use frequently causes a trade-off on different impact categories. Municipalities could use a wide range of policy tools, such as extended producer responsibility systems, bans, levies, ecolabelling, or a combination of these, to reduce the environmental and economic burden of AHP waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Velasco Perez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Perla Xochitl Sotelo Navarro
- Cátedra CONACYT-CINVESTAV, Doctorado Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, CINVESTAV, Unidad Zacatenco, CDMX, México
| | - Alethia Vazquez Morillas
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parvin F, Tareq SM. Impact of landfill leachate contamination on surface and groundwater of Bangladesh: a systematic review and possible public health risks assessment. APPLIED WATER SCIENCE 2021; 11:100. [PMID: 34094797 PMCID: PMC8164486 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-021-01431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dumping of solid waste in the non-engineered landfill is very common in the developing countries. Among the different disadvantages of this kind of landfilling, leachate is the major concern to public health, which is a toxic byproduct generated from the landfill; and can percolate to the ground water and consequently migrate in surface water. Using systematic review on published data, the present study endeavors to compare the leachate contamination potential of four major landfills of Bangladesh, named Amin Bazar, Matuail, Mogla Bazar and Rowfabad; which are situated in 3 of the 6 big mega cities of Bangladesh and assessed the effects of leachate leakage on surrounding water body as well as on human health. This study, for the first time calculated the leachate pollution index (LPI) for the landfill sites of Bangladesh and found that the LPI of Matuail landfill site (19.81) is much higher which is comparable to some polluted landfill sites of India and Malaysia. The concentrations of several potentially toxic metals found in the surface and ground water in the vicinity of the landfill sites were above the maximum permissible limit values of department of Environment, Bangladesh and World Health Organization (WHO). The human health risk index for toxic heavy metals in different vegetables and rice grain showed high health risk potential for Pb, Cd, Ni, and Mn. The total carcinogenic risk for Ni and Pb are found very high in the edible plants near those landfill sites, suggesting the risk of Ni and Pb induced carcinogenesis by the consumption of those plants. The present conditions of surface, ground water and agriculture products near the landfill sites of Bangladesh are much frightening to the biota and local inhabitants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13201-021-01431-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Parvin
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Shafi M. Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Communities, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Diversity and Potential Pathogen Transmission Risk of Two Different Landfills in China. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze microbial communities, antibiotic resistance gene diversity, and human pathogenic bacterium composition in two typical landfills in China. Results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were predominant in the two landfills, and archaea and fungi were also detected. The genera Methanoculleus, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas were predominantly present in all samples. sul2, sul1, tetX, and adeF were the four most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Sixty-nine bacterial pathogens were identified from the two landfills, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus as the major pathogenic microorganisms, indicating the existence of potential environmental risk in landfills. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes typically associated with human antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. These results provide insights into the risk of pathogens in landfills, which is important for controlling the potential secondary transmission of pathogens and reducing workers’ health risk during landfill excavation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Keyikoglu R, Karatas O, Rezania H, Kobya M, Vatanpour V, Khataee A. A review on treatment of membrane concentrates generated from landfill leachate treatment processes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
17
|
Nair AT. Bioaerosols in the landfill environment: an overview of microbial diversity and potential health hazards. AEROBIOLOGIA 2021; 37:185-203. [PMID: 33558785 PMCID: PMC7860158 DOI: 10.1007/s10453-021-09693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is one of the indispensable parts of solid waste management in various countries. Solid waste disposed of in landfill sites provides nutrients for the proliferation of pathogenic microbes which are aerosolized into the atmosphere due to the local meteorology and various waste disposal activities. Bioaerosols released from landfill sites can create health issues for employees and adjoining public. The present study offers an overview of the microbial diversity reported in the air samples collected from various landfill sites worldwide. This paper also discusses other aspects, including effect of meteorological conditions on the bioaerosol concentrations, sampling techniques, bioaerosol exposure and potential health impacts. Analysis of literature concluded that landfill air is dominated by microbial dust or various pathogenic microbes like Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Aspergillus fumigatus. The bioaerosols present in the landfill environment are of respirable sizes and can penetrate deep into lower respiratory systems and trigger respiratory symptoms and chronic pulmonary diseases. Most studies reported higher bioaerosol concentrations in spring and summer as higher temperature and relative humidity provide a favourable environment for survival and multiplication of microbes. Landfill workers involved in solid waste disposal activities are at the highest risk of exposure to these bioaerosols due to their proximity to solid waste and as they practise minimum personal safety and hygiene measures during working hours. Workers are recommended to use personal protective equipment and practise hygiene to reduce the impact of occupational exposure to bioaerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash T. Nair
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology (NIFFT), Hatia, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lanzarini NM, Marinho Mata R, Mendes Saggioro E, Costa Moreira J, Ferreira Mannarino C, Pereira Miagostovich M. Evaluation of Viral Recovery Methodologies from Solid Waste Landfill Leachate. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:209-217. [PMID: 32578012 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leachate from solid waste landfill is a dark liquid of variable composition and possible source of contamination of groundwater and surface waters. This study aims to assess skimmed milk flocculation and ultracentrifugation as viral concentration methods associated to different nucleic acid extraction protocols in order to establish a methodology for virus recovery from sanitary landfill leachate. Spiking experiments using human adenovirus (HAdV) and bacteriophage PP7 revealed the association of QIAamp Fast DNA Stool mini kit® nucleic acid extraction and ultracentrifugation as an effective method for recovering HAdV (346.18%) and PP7 (523.97%) when compared to organic flocculation method (162.64% for HAdV and 0.61% for PP7) that presented PCR inhibition in all undiluted samples. Ultracentrifugation applied in three landfill samples confirm efficiency of the methodology detecting HAdV in all samples with a mean of 3.44E + 06 ± 1.56E + 06 genomic copies/mL. Nucleotide sequencing characterized HAdV as belonging to group B and F. JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) was also investigated in those samples; however, detection was not observed. Methodologies for detection of viruses in leachate can be useful to generate data for future health risk analysis of workers who have contact with solid urban waste, as well as populations exposed to different environmental matrices contaminated by these effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Maria Lanzarini
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Marinho Mata
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Josino Costa Moreira
- Center for Studies On Workers' Health and Human Ecology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aromolaran O, Fagade OE, Aromolaran OK, Faleye ET, Faerber H. Assessment of groundwater pollution near Aba-Eku municipal solid waste dumpsite. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:718. [PMID: 31691045 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsite constitutes a major anthropogenic point source of leachate contamination to the ambient groundwater and poses a significant threat to the geo-ecosystem. This study investigated the pollution of groundwater by leachate emanating from Aba-Eku MSW dumpsite in Ibadan, Nigeria, using bacteriological, hydrochemical, and geophysical techniques. There is a diversity of bacteria in the leachate and the dominant phyla being proteobacteria (83%) and firmicutes (17%). The mean concentrations (mg/L) of Mn, Fe, Al, Cu, Mo, and Cr in the leachate samples were above the World Health Organization wastewater discharge limits. The hydrochemical parameters of the groundwater samples around the dumpsite were generally within the permissible limits, except for K and Cl-; which invariably indicate major inputs from water-rock interaction and minor contributions from the dumpsite. Three geoelectrical layers were indicated from the vertical electrical sounding data, which are the topsoil, the lateritic clay layer, and the weathered basement. Low resistivity values of 5-33 Ωm and 3-24 Ωm were obtained within 2 m and 5.5 m depths for the topsoil and the lateritic layer, respectively; while the 2-D subsurface model reveals leachate plume beyond 5 m. Although the MSW leachate is heterogeneous, the hydrochemical data show that the aquifer around the dumpsite has not been seriously polluted with the leachate, but there is a continuous percolation of leachate into the soil subsurface, based on the geophysical findings. Discontinuing waste dumping and groundwater extraction, which would over time reduce the leachate plume, are measures to enhance the groundwater quality in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olukemi Aromolaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Obasola E Fagade
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olawale K Aromolaran
- Department of Geological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel T Faleye
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Harald Faerber
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cyprowski M, Ławniczek-Wałczyk A, Gołofit-Szymczak M, Frączek K, Kozdrój J, Górny RL. Bacterial aerosols in a municipal landfill environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:288-296. [PMID: 30640097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Landfills collecting substantial amounts of municipal waste support multiplication of different bacteria mainly due to organic matter contained in the deposited materials. With time, they may become active emission sources of these microorganisms. Taking into account both occupational and public health and safety, there is an indisputable necessity to monitor the level of air contamination caused by both bacterial cells and their components (e.g., endotoxins). In this study, the concentrations of total viable bacteria (TVB), and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), as well as their particle size distributions and concentrations of GNB endotoxins were assessed at various locations within the landfill area. The concentrations of TVB and GNB in the air samples changed depending on the season, location (i.e. active sector versus surroundings) and landfill activity level (i.e. exploitation or standstill periods). Higher abundances of endotoxins were found during the standstill period, and they were significantly correlated with organic dust concentrations. The microbial particle size distribution was associated with the landfill operational state, being predominated by fine below 4.7 μm and coarse fractions above 7.0 μm within the active sector during exploitation and standstill periods, respectively. These results supported by a spatial distribution of bacterial aerosol indicate a clear impact of operated landfill on microbiological air quality within the occupied location and nearby areas. Considering health and safety of landfill workers and neighboring residents, who can be exposed to airborne microbial pollutants, repeated bioaerosol monitoring need to be established. It should facilitate both a special planning within the landfill area and undertaking preventive actions in its near and distant surroundings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Cyprowski
- Biohazard Laboratory, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Ławniczek-Wałczyk
- Biohazard Laboratory, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gołofit-Szymczak
- Biohazard Laboratory, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Frączek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Kozdrój
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Rafał L Górny
- Biohazard Laboratory, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Simothy L, Mahomoodally F, Neetoo H. A study on the potential of ants to act as vectors of foodborne pathogens. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:319-333. [PMID: 31294218 PMCID: PMC6604928 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ants (Technomyrmex difficilis and Solenopsis geminata) are insects often found in domestic kitchens of Mauritius. Unfortunately, they harbour disease-causing organisms and can potentially transfer these pathogens to food. This study was carried out to (i) investigate the knowledge, perception and behaviors of consumers in relation to the problem of ant infestation of domestic kitchens; (ii) identify the pathogenic microorganisms carried by ants; and (iii) determine the potential for ants to transfer these pathogenic microorganisms to food. A survey based on a stratified sampling design was carried out with 100 consumers using a questionnaire. To identify the pathogenic microorganism(s) harbored by ants, bait traps were set up using sterile sugar as a non-toxic attractant. Captured ants were then subjected to microbiological analyses. Most respondents (72%) agreed that ants constitute a hygienic issue but they did not perceive ants as a serious threat to human health. However microbiological analyses of ants (n = 50) confirmed the presence of various pathogenic microorganisms as well as fecal contaminants. Ants were found to harbor yeasts and molds systematically (100%), coliforms frequently (52%), Bacillus spp. and Escherichia coli occasionally (26% and 18% respectively) and Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes sporadically (8 and 6 % respectively). Ants were also found to transfer E. coli to food surfaces at a moderately high frequency of 70%. This study demonstrated that the majority of consumers acknowledged the problem of ant infestation as a sanitation-related problem rather than a food safety issue. Since ants have the ability to harbor and subsequently transfer pathogenic or toxigenic microorganisms, ants may act as disease vectors and contaminate food, water and food- contact surfaces of kitchens resulting in foodborne illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leckranee Simothy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Moka, 80837, Mauritius
| | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Moka, 80837, Mauritius
| | - Hudaa Neetoo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Moka, 80837, Mauritius
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Soobhany N. Preliminary evaluation of pathogenic bacteria loading on organic Municipal Solid Waste compost and vermicompost. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:763-767. [PMID: 29161678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of composts or vermicomposts derived from organic fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) brought about certain disagreement in terms of high level of bacterial pathogens, thereby surpassing the legal restrictions. This preliminary study was undertaken to compare the evolution of pathogenic bacteria on OFMSW compost against vermicompost (generated by Eudrilus eugeniae) with promises of achieving sanitation goals. Analysis to quality data showed that OFMSW vermicomposting caused a moderately higher reduction in total coliforms in contrast to composting. E. coli in OFMSW composts was found to be in the range of 4.72-4.96 log10 CFU g-1 whilst on a clear contrary, E. coli was undetectable in the final vermicomposts (6.01-6.14 logs of reduction) which might be explained by the involvement of the digestive processes in worms' guts. Both OFMSW composts and vermicomposts generated Salmonella-free products which were acceptable for agricultural usage and soil improvement. In comparison to compost, the analysis of this research indicated that earthworm activity can effectively destroy bacterial pathogenic load in OFMSW vermicomposts. But still, this study necessitates extra research in order to comprehend the factors that direct pathogenic bacteria in vermicomposting and earthworm-free decomposition systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuhaa Soobhany
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Comparison of Methods to Identify Pathogens and Associated Virulence Functional Genes in Biosolids from Two Different Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Canada. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153554. [PMID: 27089040 PMCID: PMC4835084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of treated municipal wastewater residues (biosolids) as fertilizers is an attractive, inexpensive option for growers and farmers. Various regulatory bodies typically employ indicator organisms (fecal coliforms, E. coli and Salmonella) to assess the adequacy and efficiency of the wastewater treatment process in reducing pathogen loads in the final product. Molecular detection approaches can offer some advantages over culture-based methods as they can simultaneously detect a wider microbial species range, including non-cultivable microorganisms. However, they cannot directly assess the viability of the pathogens. Here, we used bacterial enumeration methods together with molecular methods including qPCR, 16S rRNA and cpn60 gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to compare pre- and post-treatment biosolids from two Canadian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Our results show that an anaerobic digestion WWTP was unsuccessful at reducing the live indicator organism load (coliforms, generic E. coli and Salmonella) below acceptable regulatory criteria, while biosolids from a dewatering/pelletization WWTP met these criteria. DNA from other pathogens was detected by the molecular methods, but these species were considered less abundant. Clostridium DNA increased significantly following anaerobic digestion treatments. In addition to pathogen DNA, genes related to virulence and antibiotic resistance were identified in treated biosolids. Shotgun metagenomics revealed the widest range of pathogen DNA and, among the approaches used here, was the only approach that could access functional gene information in treated biosolids. Overall, our results highlight the potential usefulness of amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics as complementary screening methods that could be used in parallel with culture-based methods, although more detailed comparisons across a wider range of sites would be needed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Banerjee S, Aditya G, Saha GK. Household Wastes as Larval Habitats of Dengue Vectors: Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas of Kolkata, India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138082. [PMID: 26447690 PMCID: PMC4598039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcelain and plastic materials constitute bulk of household wastes. Owing to resistibility and slow degradability that accounts for higher residence time, these materials qualify as potential hazardous wastes. Retention of water permits these wastes to form a congenial biotope for the breeding of different vector mosquitoes. Thus porcelain and plastic wastes pose a risk from public health viewpoint. This proposition was validated through the study on the porcelain and plastic household wastes as larval habitats of Dengue vectors (Aedes spp.) in rural and urban areas around Kolkata, India. The wastes were characterized in terms of larval productivity, seasonal variation and a comparison between urban and rural areas was made using data of two subsequent years. The number of wastes positive as larval habitats and their productivity of Aedes spp. varied among the types of household wastes with reference to months and location. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in the larval productivity of the household wastes based on the materials, season, and urban-rural context. Results of Discriminant Analysis indicated differences in abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for the urban and rural areas. The porcelain and plastic wastes were more productive in urban areas compared to the rural areas, indicating a possible difference in the household waste generation. A link between household wastes with Aedes productivity is expected to increase the risk of dengue epidemics if waste generation is continued without appropriate measures to limit addition to the environment. Perhaps, alternative strategies and replacement of materials with low persistence time can reduce this problem of waste and mosquito production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, 35, BC Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Gautam Aditya
- Department of Zoology, 35, BC Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Goutam K. Saha
- Department of Zoology, 35, BC Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Udeigwe TK, Teboh JM, Eze PN, Stietiya MH, Kumar V, Hendrix J, Mascagni HJ, Ying T, Kandakji T. Implications of leading crop production practices on environmental quality and human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 151:267-279. [PMID: 25585140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, much weight is currently being placed on agriculture to provide food for the growing population as well as feedstock for the bioenergy industry. Unfortunately, the intensification of agricultural operations to satisfy these growing needs has been associated with a number of environmental and human health risks. A review of publications on the subject was conducted and emphasis was placed on articles focusing on agriculture, environment, and public health as well as their interactions. Supporting information was also gathered from publications of various agricultural and environmental agencies. Agricultural practices with potential negative implications on the environment and human health were identified broadly as: (a) utilization of biosolids and animal manures, (b) use of agricultural chemicals, (c) management of post-harvest residue, (d) irrigation, and (e) tillage operations. Soil, water, and air contamination by nutrients, heavy metals, pathogens, and pesticides, as well as air contamination by particulate matters, noxious gases, and pathogens were among the leading environmental impacts. Some of the human-health impacts identified included neurological and reproductive defects, cardiovascular risks, cancers and other diseases (of kidney, liver, lung, and skin), skin allergies, gastroenteritis, and methemoglobinemia. Continual awareness on the impacts of the reviewed agricultural practices on environmental quality and human health and the implementation of experimentally-backed best management practices in agricultural systems remain indispensable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus K Udeigwe
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jasper M Teboh
- Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Carrington, ND, USA
| | - Peter N Eze
- School of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Hashem Stietiya
- Department of Land, Water and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
| | - James Hendrix
- Northeast Region, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 212-B Macon Ridge Road, Winnsboro LA 71295, USA
| | - Henry J Mascagni
- Northeast Region, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 212-B Macon Ridge Road, Winnsboro LA 71295, USA
| | - Teng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tarek Kandakji
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oelofse M, Jensen LS, Magid J. The implications of phasing out conventional nutrient supply in organic agriculture: Denmark as a case. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13165-013-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Fletcher SM, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25:420-49. [PMID: 22763633 PMCID: PMC3416492 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.05038-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several enteric protozoa cause severe morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals worldwide. In developed settings, enteric protozoa are often ignored as a cause of diarrheal illness due to better hygiene conditions, and as such, very little effort is used toward laboratory diagnosis. Although these protozoa contribute to the high burden of infectious diseases, estimates of their true prevalence are sometimes affected by the lack of sensitive diagnostic techniques to detect them in clinical and environmental specimens. Despite recent advances in the epidemiology, molecular biology, and treatment of protozoan illnesses, gaps in knowledge still exist, requiring further research. There is evidence that climate-related changes will contribute to their burden due to displacement of ecosystems and human and animal populations, increases in atmospheric temperature, flooding and other environmental conditions suitable for transmission, and the need for the reuse of alternative water sources to meet growing population needs. This review discusses the common enteric protozoa from a public health perspective, highlighting their epidemiology, modes of transmission, prevention, and control. It also discusses the potential impact of climate changes on their epidemiology and the issues surrounding waterborne transmission and suggests a multidisciplinary approach to their prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Stark
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Division of Microbiology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John Harkness
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Division of Microbiology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John Ellis
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|