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Okoyeocha EOM, Tewari-Singh N. Chloropicrin induced ocular injury: Biomarkers, potential mechanisms, and treatments. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:70-80. [PMID: 38677567 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Ocular tissue, especially the cornea, is overly sensitive to chemical exposures. The availability and adoption of chemical threat agent chloropicrin (CP) is growing in the United States as a pesticide and fumigant; thereby increasing the risk of its use in warfare, terrorist attacks and non-intentional exposure. Exposure to CP results in immediate ocular, respiratory, and dermal injury; however, we lack knowledge on its mechanism of toxicity as well as of its breakdown products like chlorine and phosgene, and effective therapies are elusive. Herein, we have reviewed the recent findings on exposure route, toxicity and likely mechanisms of CP induced ocular toxicity based on other vesicating chemical warfare agents that cause ocular injury. We have focused on the implication of their toxicity and mechanistic outcomes in the ocular tissue, especially the cornea, which could be useful in the development of broad-spectrum effective therapeutic options. We have discussed on the potential countermeasures, overall hallmarks and challenges involved in studying ocular injuries from chemical threat agent exposures. Finally, we reviewed useful available technologies and methods that can assist in the identification of effective medical countermeasures for chemical threat agents related ocular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezar O M Okoyeocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Neera Tewari-Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Yen YC, Ku CH, Yao TC, Tsai HJ, Peng CY, Chen YC. Personal exposure to aldehydes and potential health risks among schoolchildren in the city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101627-101636. [PMID: 37653197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Schoolchildren are sensitive to airborne aldehyde exposures. The knowledge regarding inhalation exposure to aldehydes and the factors influencing exposure in schoolchildren is limited. This study aimed to assess the variability and potential health risks of exposure to aldehydes (including formaldehyde) in schoolchildren. The important factors affecting personal exposure to aldehydes were also explored. Forty schoolchildren were recruited from the urban and suburban areas of Taiwan for aldehyde samplings and questionnaire surveys. Personal and indoor home samples of aldehydes were collected simultaneously during warm and cold seasons. We also identified the potential variables associated with aldehyde exposure based on the participant's responses to the questionnaires using mixed-effects models. The dominant three abundant aldehydes identified in personal exposure samples were formaldehyde (geometric mean, GM = 12.2 µg/m3), acetaldehyde (GM = 5.53 µg/m3), and hexaldehyde (GM = 8.79 µg/m3), accounting for approximately 80% of the total selected aldehydes. Higher personal exposure to aldehydes was observed during the warm season. Moreover, the within-subject variance was predominant, accounting for 66.6 to > 99.9% of the total variance in exposure. Schoolchildren had a high probability of overexposure to formaldehyde and acrolein, which resulted in an incremental lifetime cancer risk of 1.59 × 10-4 (95th percentile = 4.64 × 10-4). Season, location, household refurbishment, and indoor ventilation variables were significantly associated with personal exposure to aldehydes. The results can improve our understanding of aldehyde exposure among schoolchildren to propose mitigation strategies. These findings may be applied to further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Yen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Ku
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Peng
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, No. 2, Lienda, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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3
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Lei T, Qian H, Yang J, Hu Y. The exposure to volatile organic chemicals associates positively with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES program. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098683. [PMID: 37404817 PMCID: PMC10317299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease and closely associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Volatile organic chemicals (VOC), a common environment pollutant, was associated with some autoimmune diseases, while whether VOC exposure or which VOC leads to RA is yet clarified. Methods A cross-sectional study using data from the 6 survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-2018, 2017-2020) of NHANES program was performed. The RA or non-arthritis status of participant was identified through a questionnaire survey. The quantile logistic regression method was used for correlation analysis between VOC metabolites (VOCs) in urine and RA. The covariates included age, gender, race, educational level, marital status, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, urine creatinine, albumin and marihuana use. Results A total of 9536 participants (aged 20 to 85) with 15 VOCs, comprising 618 RA and 8918 non-arthritis participants, was finally included for analysis. Participants in the RA group showed higher VOCs in urine than that in the non-arthritis group. A positive association between 2 VOCs (AMCC: Q4: OR=2.173, 95%CI: 1.021, 4.627. 3HPMA: Q2: OR=2.286, 95%CI: 1.207 - 4.330; Q4: OR=2.663, 95%CI: 1.288 -5.508.) and RA was detected in the model 3, which was independent of all the covariates. The relative parent compounds of the two VOCs included N,N-Dimethylformamide and acrolein. Discussion These findings suggested that the VOC exposure significantly associated with RA, providing newly epidemiological evidence for the establishment that environmental pollutants associated with RA. And also, more prospective studies and related experimental studies are needed to further validate the conclusions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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The Tobacco Smoke Component, Acrolein, as a Major Culprit in Lung Diseases and Respiratory Cancers: Molecular Mechanisms of Acrolein Cytotoxic Activity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060879. [PMID: 36980220 PMCID: PMC10047238 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that seriously threatens human health and life. Due to its high reactivity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, acrolein is involved in the development of several diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus and even the development of cancer. Traditional tobacco smokers and e-cigarette users are particularly exposed to the harmful effects of acrolein. High concentrations of acrolein have been found in both mainstream and side-stream tobacco smoke. Acrolein is considered one of cigarette smoke’s most toxic and harmful components. Chronic exposure to acrolein through cigarette smoke has been linked to the development of asthma, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and even respiratory cancers. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on the pathological molecular mechanisms of acrolein in the induction, course and development of lung diseases and cancers in smokers.
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Hong J, Song Y, Xie J, Xie J, Chen Y, Li P, Liu D, Hu X, Yu Q. Acrolein Promotes Aging and Oxidative Stress via the Stress Response Factor DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111590. [PMID: 35681340 PMCID: PMC9180825 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
For this investigation, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) served, for the first time, as a model organism to evaluate the toxic effect and possible underlying mechanisms under acrolein (ACR) exposure. The results showed that ACR exposure (12.5–100 μM) shortened the lifespan of C. elegans. The reproductive capacity, body length, body width, and locomotive behavior (head thrash) of C. elegans were diminished by ACR, especially the doses of 50 and 100 μM. Furthermore, ACR significantly enhanced the endogenous ROS levels of C. elegans, inhibited the antioxidant-related enzyme activities, and affected the expression of antioxidant related genes. The increasing oxidative stress level promoted the migration of DAF-16 into the nucleus that was related to the DAF-16/FOXO pathway. It was also confirmed by the significant decrease of the lifespan-shortening trend in the daf-16 knockout mutant. In conclusion, ACR exposure induced aging and oxidative stress in C.elegans, resulting in aging-related decline and defense-related DAF-16/FOXO pathways’ activation.
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Alashek F, Keshe M, Alhassan G. Preparation of Glycerol Derivatives by Entered of Glycerol in Different Chemical Organic Reactions: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Liu B, Sun X, Liu Y, Yang M, Wang L, Li Y, Wang J. Increased NADPH Supply Enhances Glycolysis Metabolic Flux and L-methionine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071031. [PMID: 35407118 PMCID: PMC8998051 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important strain for the industrial production of amino acids, but the fermentation of L-methionine has not been realized. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of reducing power NADPH on L-methionine synthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis of zwf and gnd genes in pentose phosphate pathway relieved feedback inhibition, increased NADPH supply by 151.8%, and increased L-methionine production by 28.3%; Heterologous expression of gapC gene to introduce NADP+ dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase increased NADPH supply by 75.0% and L-methionine production by 48.7%; Heterologous expression of pntAB gene to introduce membrane-integral nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase increased NADPH by 89.2% and L-methionine production by 35.9%. Finally, the engineering strain YM6 with a high NADPH supply was constructed, which increased the NADPH supply by 348.2% and the L-methionine production by 64.1%. The analysis of metabolic flux showed that YM6 significantly increased the glycolytic flux, including the metabolic flux of metabolites such as glycosyldehyde-3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetate phosphate, 3-phosphoglycate and pyruvate, and the significant increase of L-methionine flux also confirmed the increase of its synthesis. This study provides a research basis for the systematic metabolic engineering construction of L-methionine high-yield engineering strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Xinyu Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-411-863-24050 (Y.L.); +86-769-222-61545 (J.W.)
| | - Jihui Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (B.L.); (X.S.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-411-863-24050 (Y.L.); +86-769-222-61545 (J.W.)
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Shin YM, Hunt DP, Akwe J. An Epidemic Supplanted by a Pandemic: Vaping-Related Illness and COVID-19. South Med J 2021; 115:8-12. [PMID: 34964053 PMCID: PMC8719436 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaping-related illness was the prevailing public health concern. The incidence of vaping-related illnesses from vaping product use–associated lung injury declined with the arrival of COVID-19, but e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury should still be considered as a differential diagnosis for people with COVID-19 for reasons outlined in this review. This narrative review describes vaping devices, summarizes the adverse health effects of vaping on the lungs and other systems, considers the potential interplay between vaping and COVID-19, and highlights gaps in knowledge about vaping that warrant further research. Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaping-related illness was the prevailing public health concern. The incidence of vaping-related illnesses—mainly e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI)—went from a peak in September 2019 to a low in February 2020, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention decided to discontinue the collection of EVALI case reports. Despite the decrease in EVALI with the arrival of COVID-19, EVALI should still be considered a differential diagnosis for people with COVID-19 for reasons outlined in this review. This narrative review describes vaping devices, summarizes the adverse health effects of vaping on the lungs and other systems, considers the potential interplay between vaping and COVID-19, and highlights gaps in knowledge about vaping that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Mee Shin
- From the Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel P Hunt
- From the Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joyce Akwe
- From the Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Schieweck A, Uhde E, Salthammer T. Determination of acrolein in ambient air and in the atmosphere of environmental test chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1729-1746. [PMID: 34591059 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (2-propenal) is a reactive substance undergoing multiple reaction pathways and an airborne pollutant with known corrosive, toxic and hazardous effects to the environment and to human health. So far, investigating the occurrence of acrolein in indoor air has been challenging due to analytical limitations. The classic DNPH-method has proven to be error-prone, even though it is still recommended in specific testing protocols. Thus, different approaches for an accurate determination of ambient acrolein have been introduced. In this work, an overview of already published data regarding emission sources and air concentrations is provided. In addition, a new method for the quantitative determination of acrolein in environmental test chambers and in indoor air is presented. Analysis is carried out using thermal desorption and coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) after sampling on the graphitized carbon black (GCB) Carbograph™ 5TD. All analytical steps have been carefully validated and compared with derivatization techniques (DNPH and DNSH) as well as online detection using PTR-QMS. The sampling time is short due to the low air collection volume of 4 L. Although derivatization is not applied, a detection limit of 0.1 μg m-3 can be achieved. By increasing the sampling volume to 6 L, the limit of detection can be lowered to 0.08 μg m-3. No breakthrough during sampling or analyte loss during storage of the acrolein laden sampling tubes was found. Therefore, the presented method is robust, easy-to-handle and also very suitable for routine analyses and surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schieweck
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Erik Uhde
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Marques P, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respir Res 2021; 22:151. [PMID: 34006276 PMCID: PMC8129966 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), for many considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionised the tobacco industry in the last decades. In e-cigarettes, tobacco combustion is replaced by e-liquid heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that e-cigarettes have less harmful respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as the adjustment of nicotine content and the choice of pleasant flavours have won over many users. Nevertheless, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence. Moreover, it has been reported that the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Results of toxicological analyses suggest that e-cigarettes can be safer than conventional cigarettes, although harmful effects from short-term e-cigarette use have been described. Worryingly, the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated. In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for human health including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Gökçe AB, Eren B, Sağir D, Yilmaz BD. Inhibition of acrolein-induced apoptosis by the antioxidant selenium. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 36:84-92. [PMID: 32279646 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720909043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of a potent antioxidant, selenium, on apoptosis induced by acrolein, a cytotoxic and genotoxic environmental pollutant, were investigated by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. One hundred adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four main groups: control, acrolein, selenium, and acrolein + selenium. The animals in the experimental groups were given 1 mg/kg/day selenium and 4 mg/kg/day acrolein daily for 7 days by gavage. After drug administration, each group was divided into subgroups according to the time they were to be euthanized: 12th hour, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th day. The rats in each group at the determined time were euthanized and their livers were removed. Routine histological procedures were performed for light and electron microscopy examinations. After applying the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay on the liver sections, apoptotic index values were calculated. Comparing the liver sections of the rats in the acrolein group and the control group, acrolein was found to cause a significant increase in the apoptotic index. The apoptotic index values of the acrolein + selenium group decreased compared to the acrolein group. In the electron microscopic examinations, apoptotic findings were observed in the liver tissues of the rats given acrolein, such as chromatin condensation in the nucleus of hepatocytes, dilatations in the perinuclear space, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. These apoptotic findings were not observed in the acrolein + selenium group after the 12th hour. These findings show that selenium may potentially be useful as a protective agent for people exposed to acrolein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Başardı Gökçe
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Banu Eren
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sağir
- Nursing Department, Health School, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
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Smith DM, Shahab L, Blount BC, Gawron M, Kosminder L, Sobczak A, Xia B, Sosnoff CS, Goniewicz ML. Differences in Exposure to Nicotine, Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines, and Volatile Organic Compounds among Electronic Cigarette Users, Tobacco Smokers, and Dual Users from Three Countries. TOXICS 2020; 8:E88. [PMID: 33066428 PMCID: PMC7712026 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Country-level differences in nicotine vaping products used and biomarkers of exposure among long-term e-cigarette users and dual users remain understudied. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in the United States (n = 166), United Kingdom (n = 129), and Poland (n = 161). We compared patterns of tobacco product use and nicotine and toxicant exposure among cigarette-only smokers (n = 127); e-cigarette-only users (n = 124); dual users of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes (n = 95); and non-users (control group, n = 110) across three countries using mixed-effects linear regression. Compared with cigarette smokers, e-cigarette-only users had lower levels of toxicant biomarkers, but higher levels of nicotine biomarkers. Dual users had higher levels of toxicant biomarkers than e-cigarette-only users but similar levels to cigarette-only smokers. E-cigarette users in Poland, who overwhelmingly used refillable tank devices, exhibited greater levels of nicotine, and toxicant biomarkers relative to e-cigarette users in US/UK. Despite smoking fewer cigarettes, dual users from Poland exhibited similar levels of nicotine biomarkers compared with UK dual users, but higher than US dual users. Country-level differences in e-cigarette devices used and smoking behaviors (e.g., intensity) may contribute to differences in biomarker levels among users of the same products residing in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (B.C.B.); (B.X.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Michal Gawron
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Leon Kosminder
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Sobczak
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Baoyun Xia
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (B.C.B.); (B.X.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Connie S. Sosnoff
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (B.C.B.); (B.X.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Maciej L. Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
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Arman S, İşisağ Üçüncü S. Cardiac toxicity of acrolein exposure in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22423-22433. [PMID: 32307682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a widely distributed pollutant produced from various sources such as industrial waste, organic combustion, and power plant emissions. It is also intentionally released into irrigation canals to control invasive aquatic plants. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has a good reputation for being an attractive model organism for developmental and toxicological research. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to acrolein to investigate the cardiotoxic effects. The 96-h LC50 (median lethal concentration) value of acrolein was determined as 654.385 μg/L. Then, the embryos were treated with the sublethal experimental concentrations of acrolein (1, 4, 16, 64, and 256 μg/L) for 96 h. Embryos were examined at 48, 72, and 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Acrolein affected the cardiac morphology and function of the embryos. Sinus venosus-bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA) distance of 64 μg/L and 256 μg/L acrolein groups was elongated compared with the control samples. Immunostaining with MF20 antibody clearly exhibited that the atrium positioned posterior to the ventricle which indicated cardiac looping inhibition. Histological preparations also showed the mispositioning and the lumens of the chambers narrowed. Acrolein-induced increased heart rate was noted in the 4, 16, 64, and 256 μg/L treatment groups. Taken together, these results indicated that acrolein disrupted the heart development and cardiac function in zebrafish, suggesting that its water-borne risks should be considered seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Arman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54050, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Sema İşisağ Üçüncü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Thredgold L, Gaskin S, Heath L, Pisaniello D, Logan M, Baxter C. Understanding skin absorption of common aldehyde vapours from exposure during hazardous material incidents. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:537-546. [PMID: 30770841 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxic release of aldehyde vapours during a hazardous material (HAZMAT) incident primarily results in respiratory concerns for the unprotected public. However, skin absorption may be an important concurrent exposure route that is poorly understood for this scenario. This study provides experimental data on the skin absorption properties of common aldehydes used in industry, including acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde and formaldehyde, in gaseous or vapour form using an adapted in vitro technique. Two of the four tested aldehydes were found to penetrate the skin in appreciable amounts following 30-min exposure at HAZMAT relevant atmospheric concentrations: acetaldehyde (5.29 ± 3.24 µg/cm2) and formaldehyde (3.45 ± 2.58 µg/cm2). Whereas only low levels of acrolein (0.480 ± 0.417 µg/cm2) and benzaldehyde (1.46 ± 0.393 µg/cm2) skin penetration was noted. The aldehydes demonstrated differing levels of interaction with fabric. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde adsorbed strongly to denim, whereas benzaldehyde and acrolein displayed no sink properties. However, denim was shown to be an initial protective barrier and reduced penetration outcomes for all aldehydes. This study provides important information to assist first responders and confirms the relevance of using physicochemical properties (e.g. solubility, molecular weight, partition coefficient) to predict skin permeation potential in the absence of empirical data during HAZMAT incidents involving different types of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Thredgold
- Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Linda Heath
- Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Logan
- Research and Scientific Branch, Queensland Fire and Emergency Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Drakula S, Novotni D, Mustač NČ, Voučko B, Krpan M, Hruškar M, Ćurić D. A Simple HS-SPME/GC-MS Method for Determination of Acrolein from Sourdough to Bread. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wang T, Liu J, Tsou H, Liu T, Wang H. Identification of acrolein metabolites in human buccal cells, blood, and urine after consumption of commercial fried food. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1668-1676. [PMID: 31139379 PMCID: PMC6526626 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Acrolein is a highly electrophilic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde and is associated with human diseases. It is formed by Maillard reaction during food processing and could be detected in the emissions of overheated cooking oils. Consequently, humans are at risk of acrolein exposure through consumption of such prepared food. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted three human studies that healthy subjects (21-30 years) were served fried foods including fried chicken and French fries from three commercial fast food restaurants. Acrolein-related metabolites including urinary 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA), serum acrolein-protein conjugates (Acr-FDP), and buccal acrolein-induced DNA damages (Acr-dG adducts) along with GSH levels in serum or buccal cells were investigated for different times after consumption. CONCLUSION Urinary 3-HPMA levels were increased after 2-hr consumption of fried food with an elimination half-life of 10 hr. In addition, increased Acr-dG adducts in oral cavity were inversely correlated to buccal glutathione (GSH) levels after consumption. However, there was no significant change in systemic GSH levels or Acr-FDP adducts in serum. These results indicate that exposure of acrolein from consuming fried food affects local oral cavity homeostasis. This may provide a possible link between intake of fried food and increased risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse‐Wen Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk AssessmentNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jin‐Hui Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk AssessmentNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Han‐Hsing Tsou
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Yun Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk AssessmentNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsiang‐Tsui Wang
- Department of PharmacologyNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Kishimoto N. Microwave Heating Induces Oxidative Degradation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Kishimoto
- Central Institute of Olive and Health Sciences, Shodoshima Healthyland Co., Ltd
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Goniewicz ML, Smith DM, Edwards KC, Blount BC, Caldwell KL, Feng J, Wang L, Christensen C, Ambrose B, Borek N, van Bemmel D, Konkel K, Erives G, Stanton CA, Lambert E, Kimmel HL, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS, Niaura RS, Travers M, Lawrence C, Hyland AJ. Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e185937. [PMID: 30646298 PMCID: PMC6324349 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing. Measures of exposure to known tobacco-related toxicants among e-cigarette users will inform potential health risks to individual product users. OBJECTIVES To estimate concentrations of tobacco-related toxicants among e-cigarette users and compare these biomarker concentrations with those observed in combustible cigarette users, dual users, and never tobacco users. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A population-based, longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the United States in 2013-2014. Cross-sectional analysis was performed between November 4, 2016, and October 5, 2017, of biomarkers of exposure to tobacco-related toxicants collected by the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Participants included adults who provided a urine sample and data on tobacco use (N = 5105). EXPOSURES The primary exposure was tobacco use, including current exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 247), current exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 2411), and users of both products (dual users) (n = 792) compared with never tobacco users (n = 1655). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Geometric mean concentrations of 50 individual biomarkers from 5 major classes of tobacco product constituents were measured: nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). RESULTS Of the 5105 participants, most were aged 35 to 54 years (weighted percentage, 38%; 95% CI, 35%-40%), women (60%; 95% CI, 59%-62%), and non-Hispanic white (61%; 95% CI, 58%-64%). Compared with exclusive e-cigarette users, never users had 19% to 81% significantly lower concentrations of biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, TSNAs, some metals (eg, cadmium and lead), and some VOCs (including acrylonitrile). Exclusive e-cigarette users showed 10% to 98% significantly lower concentrations of biomarkers of exposure, including TSNAs, PAHs, most VOCs, and nicotine, compared with exclusive cigarette smokers; concentrations were comparable for metals and 3 VOCs. Exclusive cigarette users showed 10% to 36% lower concentrations of several biomarkers than dual users. Frequency of cigarette use among dual users was positively correlated with nicotine and toxicant exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Exclusive use of e-cigarettes appears to result in measurable exposure to known tobacco-related toxicants, generally at lower levels than cigarette smoking. Toxicant exposure is greatest among dual users, and frequency of combustible cigarette use is positively correlated with tobacco toxicant concentration. These findings provide evidence that using combusted tobacco cigarettes alone or in combination with e-cigarettes is associated with higher concentrations of potentially harmful tobacco constituents in comparison with using e-cigarettes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej L. Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Danielle M. Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen L. Caldwell
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Feng
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carol Christensen
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bridget Ambrose
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Dana van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Karen Konkel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Gladys Erives
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raymond S. Niaura
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC
| | - Mark Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Andrew J. Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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20
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Vreeke S, Peyton DH, Strongin RM. Triacetin Enhances Levels of Acrolein, Formaldehyde Hemiacetals, and Acetaldehyde in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7165-7170. [PMID: 30087908 PMCID: PMC6068691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of inhaled electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) flavoring compounds are largely unknown. Earlier reports of their chemical reactivity have been conflicting, with some claiming, for example, that the degradation of flavoring chemicals in e-cigarettes to aldehydes is statistically insignificant. It is thus important to understand how these molecules react to afford enhanced aerosol products. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the origin of formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde in e-cigarettes that contain the popular additive, triacetin (TA). By using 13C labeling and a combination of 1H NMR and 13C NMR, we were able to identify that ester hydrolysis of TA occurs to form acetic acid (HOAc) during aerosolization. The released HOAc acts as a catalyst in the degradation of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY), increasing the formation of formaldehyde hemiacetals, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. A solution of 10% TA in 1:1 PG/GLY e-liquid was aerosolized using two different e-cigarettes at two wattages. Each device exhibited a significant increase in aldehyde levels, of up to 185% compared to the aerosol from a 1:1 PG/GLY e-liquid. In addition, the GLY formaldehyde hemiacetal was more predominant within the presence of HOAc, indicating that GLY may be relatively more prone to degradation from protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Vreeke
- Department of Chemistry, Portland
State University, 1719
SW 10th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United
States
| | - David H. Peyton
- Department of Chemistry, Portland
State University, 1719
SW 10th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United
States
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland
State University, 1719
SW 10th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United
States
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21
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Abstract
Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is formed during the burning of gasoline and diesel fuels, cigarettes, woods and plastics. In addition, acrolein is generated during the cooking or frying of food with fats or oils. Acrolein is also used in the synthesis of many organic chemicals and as a biocide in agricultural and industrial water supply systems. The total emissions of acrolein in the United States from all sources are estimated to be 62,660 tons/year. Acrolein is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a high-priority air and water toxicant. Acrolein can exert toxic effects following inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures that are dose dependent. Cardiovascular tissues are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of acrolein based primarily on in vitro and in vivo studies. Acrolein can generate free oxygen radical stress in the heart, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide formation, form cytoplasmic and nuclear protein adducts with myocyte and vascular endothelial cell proteins and cause vasospasm. In this manner, chronic exposure to acrolein can cause myocyte dysfunction, myocyte necrosis and apoptosis and ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Epidemiological studies of acrolein exposure and toxicity should be developed and treatment strategies devised that prevent or significantly limit acrolein cardiovascular toxicity.
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22
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Allocati N, Masulli M, Di Ilio C, Federici L. Glutathione transferases: substrates, inihibitors and pro-drugs in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29362397 PMCID: PMC5833873 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase classical GSH conjugation activity plays a critical role in cellular detoxification against xenobiotics and noxious compounds as well as against oxidative stress. However, this feature is also exploited by cancer cells to acquire drug resistance and improve their survival. As a result, various members of the family were found overexpressed in a number of different cancers. Moreover several GST polymorphisms, ranging from null phenotypes to point mutations, were detected in members of the family and found to correlate with the onset of neuro-degenerative diseases. In the last decades, a great deal of research aimed at clarifying the role played by GSTs in drug resistance, at developing inhibitors to counteract this activity but also at exploiting GSTs for prodrugs specific activation in cancer cells. Here we summarize some of the most important achievements reached in this lively area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerino Allocati
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
| | - Michele Masulli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,CESI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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23
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Soni V, Singh P, Shree V, Goel V. Effects of VOCs on Human Health. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7185-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Kishimoto N, Kashiwagi A. Reducing the Formation of Acrolein from Linolenate-Rich Oil by Blending with Extra Virgin Olive Oil during Repeated Frying of Food at High Temperatures. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Kishimoto
- Central Institute of Olive and Health Sciences, Shodoshima Healthyland Co., Ltd
| | - Ayako Kashiwagi
- Central Institute of Olive and Health Sciences, Shodoshima Healthyland Co., Ltd
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Higashi T, Mai Y, Mazaki Y, Miwa S. Intracellular Ca 2+ is an essential factor for cell damage induced by unsaturated carbonyl compounds. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:680-684. [PMID: 28751126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The unsaturated carbonyl compounds are known as the environmental pollutants. Acrolein (ACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) are representative unsaturated carbonyl compounds. ACR is contained in smoke, automobile exhaust, industrial waste, and several foods. MVK is widely used as the industrial chemical. Although ACR and MVK are highly toxic, the molecular mechanism for their cytotoxicity has been unclear. We have previously reported that ACR and MVK are major cytotoxic compounds in the gas phase of cigarette smoke, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and NADPH oxidases inhibitor partially rescued cells from ACR- or MVK-induced cell death (Noya et al., Toxicology, 314, 1-10, 2013). PKC translocation, which is hallmark for PKC activation, and cell damage were induced by treatment of cultured cells with ACR or MVK. Intracellular Ca2+ chelator completely suppressed ACR- or MVK-induced PKC translocation to the cell membrane and cell damage, while extracellular Ca2+ chelator had no effects on ACR- and MVK-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that intracellular Ca2+ is an essential factor for cell damage caused by both PKC-dependent and PKC-independent pathways, and mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores is induced by ACR or MVK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehito Higashi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mazaki
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Soichi Miwa
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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Azari MR, Barkhordari A, Zendehdel R, Heidari M. A novel needle trap device with nanoporous silica aerogel packed for sampling and analysis of volatile aldehyde compounds in air. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Qasim H, Karim ZA, Rivera JO, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006353. [PMID: 28855171 PMCID: PMC5634286 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Jose O Rivera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
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Morabito JA, Holman MR, Ding YS, Yan X, Chan M, Chafin D, Perez J, Mendez MI, Cardenas RB, Watson C. The use of charcoal in modified cigarette filters for mainstream smoke carbonyl reduction. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:117-127. [PMID: 28238852 PMCID: PMC5448414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyls are harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS). Carbonyls, including formaldehyde and acrolein, are carcinogenic or mutagenic in a dose-dependent manner. Past studies demonstrate significant reduction of HPHCs by charcoal filtration. However, limits of charcoal filtration and cigarette design have not yet been investigated in a systematic manner. Objective data is needed concerning the feasibility of HPHC reduction in combustible filtered cigarettes. This systematic study evaluates the effect of charcoal filtration on carbonyl reduction in MSS. We modified filters of ten popular cigarette products with predetermined quantities (100-400 mg) of charcoal in a plug-space-plug configuration. MSS carbonyls, as well as total particulate matter, tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide (TNCO), and draw resistance were quantified. Significant carbonyl reductions were observed across all cigarette products as charcoal loading increased. At the highest charcoal loadings, carbonyls were reduced by nearly 99%. Tar and nicotine decreased modestly (<20%) compared to reductions in carbonyls. Increased draw resistance was significant at only the highest charcoal loadings. This work addresses information gaps in the science base that can inform the evaluation of charcoal filtration as an available technological adaptation to cigarette design which reduces levels of carbonyls in MSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan S Ding
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
| | - Xizheng Yan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
| | - Michele Chan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
| | - Dana Chafin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
| | - Jose Perez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
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1,N 6-α-hydroxypropanoadenine, the acrolein adduct to adenine, is a substrate for AlkB dioxygenase. Biochem J 2017; 474:1837-1852. [PMID: 28408432 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1,N6-α-hydroxypropanoadenine (HPA) is an exocyclic DNA adduct of acrolein - an environmental pollutant and endocellular oxidative stress product. Escherichia coli AlkB dioxygenase belongs to the superfamily of α-ketoglutarate (αKG)- and iron-dependent dioxygenases which remove alkyl lesions from bases via an oxidative mechanism, thereby restoring native DNA structure. Here, we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that HPA is mutagenic and is effectively repaired by AlkB dioxygenase. HPA generated in plasmid DNA caused A → C and A → T transversions and, less frequently, A → G transitions. The lesion was efficiently repaired by purified AlkB protein; the optimal pH, Fe(II), and αKG concentrations for this reaction were determined. In vitro kinetic data show that the protonated form of HPA is preferentially repaired by AlkB, albeit the reaction is stereoselective. Moreover, the number of reaction cycles carried out by an AlkB molecule remains limited. Molecular modeling of the T(HPA)T/AlkB complex demonstrated that the R stereoisomer in the equatorial conformation of the HPA hydroxyl group is strongly preferred, while the S stereoisomer seems to be susceptible to AlkB-directed oxidative hydroxylation only when HPA adopts the syn conformation around the glycosidic bond. In addition to the biochemical activity assays, substrate binding to the protein was monitored by differential scanning fluorimetry allowing identification of the active protein form, with cofactor and cosubstrate bound, and monitoring of substrate binding. In contrast FTO, a human AlkB homolog, failed to bind an ssDNA trimer carrying HPA.
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Acrolein acts as a neurotoxin in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat: involvement of α-synuclein aggregation and programmed cell death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45741. [PMID: 28401906 PMCID: PMC5388849 DOI: 10.1038/srep45741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies report significant increases in acrolein (an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde) in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, acrolein-induced neurotoxicity in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was investigated by local infusion of acrolein (15, 50, 150 nmoles/0.5 μl) in the SN of Sprague-Dawley rats. Acrolein-induced neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was delineated by reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, dopamine transporter levels and TH-positive neurons in the infused SN as well as in striatal dopamine content. At the same time, apomorphine-induced turning behavior was evident in rats subjected to a unilateral infusion of acrolein in SN. Acrolein was pro-oxidative by increasing 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and heme oxygenase-1 levels. Furthermore, acrolein conjugated with proteins at lysine residue and induced α-synuclein aggregation in the infused SN. Acrolein was pro-inflammatory by activating astrocytes and microglia. In addition, acrolein activated caspase 1 in the infused SN, suggesting acrolein-induced inflammasome formation. The neurotoxic mechanisms underlying acrolein-induced neurotoxicity involved programmed cell death, including apoptosis and necroptosis. Compared with well-known Parkinsonian neurotoxins, including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and rotenone which do not exist in the SN of PD patients, our in vivo study shows that acrolein acts as a Parkinsonian neurotoxin in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain.
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Barkhordari A, Azari MR, Zendehdel R, Heidari M. Analysis of formaldehyde and acrolein in the aqueous samples using a novel needle trap device containing nanoporous silica aerogel sorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:171. [PMID: 28321678 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a needle trap device (NTD) packed with nanoporous silica aerogel as a sorbent was used as a new technique for sampling and analysis of formaldehyde and acrolein compounds in aqueous and urine samples. The obtained results were compared with those of the commercial sorbent Carboxen1000. Active sampling was used and a 21-G needle was applied for extraction of gas in the sample headspace. The optimization of experimental parameters like salt addition, temperature and desorption time was done and the performance of the NTD for the extraction of the compounds was evaluated. The optimum temperature and time of desorption were 280 °C and 2 min, respectively. The ranges of limit of detection, limit of quantification and relative standard deviation (RSD) were 0.01-0.03 μg L-1, 0.03-0.1 μg L-1 and 2.8-7.3%, respectively. It was found that the NTD containing nanoporous silica aerogel had a better performance. Thus, this technique can be applied as an effective and reliable method for sampling and analysis of aldehyde compounds from different biological matrices like urine, exhalation and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Barkhordari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour R Azari
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center and Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Heidari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Functional characterisation and application of an ex vivo perfusion-superfusion system in murine airways. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 84:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Adetona O, Reinhardt TE, Domitrovich J, Broyles G, Adetona AM, Kleinman MT, Ottmar RD, Naeher LP. Review of the health effects of wildland fire smoke on wildland firefighters and the public. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:95-139. [PMID: 26915822 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2016.1145771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Each year, the general public and wildland firefighters in the US are exposed to smoke from wildland fires. As part of an effort to characterize health risks of breathing this smoke, a review of the literature was conducted using five major databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE Web of Knowledge, to identify smoke components that present the highest hazard potential, the mechanisms of toxicity, review epidemiological studies for health effects and identify the current gap in knowledge on the health impacts of wildland fire smoke exposure. Respiratory events measured in time series studies as incidences of disease-caused mortality, hospital admissions, emergency room visits and symptoms in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients are the health effects that are most commonly associated with community level exposure to wildland fire smoke. A few recent studies have also determined associations between acute wildland fire smoke exposure and cardiovascular health end-points. These cardiopulmonary effects were mostly observed in association with ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, research on the health effects of this mixture is currently limited. The health effects of acute exposures beyond susceptible populations and the effects of chronic exposures experienced by the wildland firefighter are largely unknown. Longitudinal studies of wildland firefighters during and/or after the firefighting career could help elucidate some of the unknown health impacts of cumulative exposure to wildland fire smoke, establish occupational exposure limits and help determine the types of exposure controls that may be applicable to the occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi Adetona
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA .,b Division of Environmental Health Sciences , College of Public Health, the Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Timothy E Reinhardt
- c AMEC Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Joe Domitrovich
- d USDA Forest Service, Missoula Technology and Development Center , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - George Broyles
- e SDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center , San Dimas , CA , USA
| | - Anna M Adetona
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- f Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA , and
| | - Roger D Ottmar
- g USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Aizenbud D, Aizenbud I, Reznick AZ, Avezov K. Acrolein-an α,β-Unsaturated Aldehyde: A Review of Oral Cavity Exposure and Oral Pathology Effects. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2016; 7:RMMJ.10251. [PMID: 27487309 PMCID: PMC5001796 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde widely present in the environment, particularly as a product of tobacco smoke. Our previous studies indicated the adverse consequences of even short-term acrolein exposure and proposed a molecular mechanism of its potential harmful effect on oral cavity keratinocytic cells. In this paper we chose to review the broad spectrum of acrolein sources such as pollution, food, and smoking. Consequently, in this paper we consider a high level of oral exposure to acrolein through these sources and discuss the noxious effects it has on the oral cavity including on salivary quality and contents, oral resistance to oxidative stress, and stress mechanism activation in a variety of oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Aizenbud
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Oral Biology Research Laboratory, Technion–Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Itay Aizenbud
- Hebrew University, Hadassah, School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham Z. Reznick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Katia Avezov
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Oral Biology Research Laboratory, Technion–Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Yeager RP, Kushman M, Chemerynski S, Weil R, Fu X, White M, Callahan-Lyon P, Rosenfeldt H. Proposed Mode of Action for Acrolein Respiratory Toxicity Associated with Inhaled Tobacco Smoke. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:347-64. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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McElroy CS, Day BJ. Antioxidants as potential medical countermeasures for chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 100:1-11. [PMID: 26476351 PMCID: PMC4744107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The continuing horrors of military conflicts and terrorism often involve the use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). Many CWA and TIC exposures are difficult to treat due to the danger they pose to first responders and their rapid onset that can produce death shortly after exposure. While the specific mechanism(s) of toxicity of these agents are diverse, many are associated either directly or indirectly with increased oxidative stress in affected tissues. This has led to the exploration of various antioxidants as potential medical countermeasures for CWA/TIC exposures. Studies have been performed across a wide array of agents, model organisms, exposure systems, and antioxidants, looking at an almost equally diverse set of endpoints. Attempts at treating CWAs/TICs with antioxidants have met with mixed results, ranging from no effect to nearly complete protection. The aim of this commentary is to summarize the literature in each category for evidence of oxidative stress and antioxidant efficacy against CWAs and TICs. While there is great disparity in the data concerning methods, models, and remedies, the outlook on antioxidants as medical countermeasures for CWA/TIC management appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S McElroy
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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Dwivedi AM, Johanson G, Lorentzen JC, Palmberg L, Sjögren B, Ernstgård L. Acute effects of acrolein in human volunteers during controlled exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:810-21. [PMID: 26635308 PMCID: PMC4732413 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acrolein is a reactive aldehyde mainly formed by combustion. The critical effect is considered to be irritation of the eyes and airways; however, the scarce data available make it difficult to assess effect levels. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine thresholds for acute irritation for acrolein. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers of each sex were exposed at six occasions for 2 h at rest to: clean air, 15 ppm ethyl acetate (EA), and 0.05 ppm and 0.1 ppm acrolein with and without EA (15 ppm) to mask the potential influence of odor. Symptoms related to irritation and central nervous system effects were rated on 100-mm Visual Analogue Scales. RESULTS The ratings of eye irritation were slightly but significantly increased during exposure to acrolein in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001, Friedman test) with a median rating of 8 mm (corresponding to "hardly at all") at the 0.1 ppm condition and with no influence from EA. No significant exposure-related effects were found for pulmonary function, or nasal swelling, nor for markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood (IL-6, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, and Clara cell protein) or induced sputum (cell count, differential cell count, IL-6 and IL-8). Blink frequency recorded by electromyography was increased during exposure to 0.1 ppm acrolein alone but not during any of the other five exposure conditions. CONCLUSION Based on subjective ratings, the present study showed minor eye irritation by exposure to 0.1 ppm acrolein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya M. Dwivedi
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Johnny C. Lorentzen
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Bengt Sjögren
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Lena Ernstgård
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm,
Sweden
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Golla U, Bandi G, Tomar RS. Molecular Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of Allyl Alcohol (Acrolein) in Budding Yeast. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1246-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Upendarrao Golla
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology,
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Goutham Bandi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology,
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Raghuvir S. Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology,
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal-462023, India
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Shi R, Page JC, Tully M. Molecular mechanisms of acrolein-mediated myelin destruction in CNS trauma and disease. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:888-95. [PMID: 25879847 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1021696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a critical component of the nervous system facilitating efficient propagation of electrical signals and thus communication between the central and peripheral nervous systems and the organ systems that they innervate throughout the body. In instances of neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disease, injury to myelin is a prominent pathological feature responsible for conduction deficits, and leaves axons vulnerable to damage from noxious compounds. Although the pathological mechanisms underlying myelin loss have yet to be fully characterized, oxidative stress (OS) appears to play a prominent role. Specifically, acrolein, a neurotoxic aldehyde that is both a product and an instigator of OS, has been observed in studies to elicit demyelination through calcium-independent and -dependent mechanisms and also by affecting glutamate uptake and promoting excitotoxicity. Furthermore, pharmacological scavenging of acrolein has demonstrated a neuroprotective effect in animal disease models, by conserving myelin's structural integrity and alleviating functional deficits. This evidence indicates that acrolein may be a key culprit of myelin damage while acrolein scavenging could potentially be a promising therapeutic approach for patients suffering from nervous system trauma and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA
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Erickson-DiRenzo E, Sivasankar MP, Thibeault SL. Utility of cell viability assays for use with ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:E180-5. [PMID: 25511412 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Ex vivo models are routinely used to investigate the barrier function of the vocal fold epithelium. However, there are limited reports on assays that can be used to investigate the effect of clinically relevant challenges on vocal fold epithelial tissue viability. Our objective was to determine the utility of two assays routinely used in cell culture-a cellular metabolic activity assay and a cell membrane integrity assay-to investigate the viability of ex vivo porcine vocal fold epithelium. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, ex vivo animal study. METHODS Porcine vocal folds were exposed to acrolein, hydrochloric acid, or hydrogen peroxide challenge. An untreated, sham challenge was included as a control. Assays including metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity, and histology were used to determine whether challenges reduced epithelial viability as compared to sham. RESULTS Cell membrane integrity and metabolic activity assays detected reductions in viability following hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide challenges but not acrolein challenge as compared to sham. No challenge produced significant changes in epithelial appearance as evidenced by light microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity assays are valuable tools that can be used to evaluate the viability of ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue following clinically relevant challenges. As viability is reduced, the ability of epithelial tissue to maintain its barrier function is compromised. Accurate assessment of viability may provide us clues into understanding mechanisms underlying vocal fold epithelial injury and disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 125:E180-E185, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Tully M, Zheng L, Acosta G, Tian R, Shi R. Acute systemic accumulation of acrolein in mice by inhalation at a concentration similar to that in cigarette smoke. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:1017-1024. [PMID: 25446876 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is an important environmental factor associated with a wide array of public health concerns. Acrolein, a component of tobacco smoke and a known toxin to various cell types, may be a key pathological factor mediating the adverse effects linked with tobacco smoke. Although acrolein is known to accumulate in the respiratory system after acute nasal exposure, it is not clear if it accumulates systemically, and less is known in the nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of acrolein accumulation in the circulation and in the spinal cord following acute acrolein inhalation in mice. Using a laboratory-fabricated inhalation chamber, we found elevated urinary 3-HPMA, an acrolein metabolite, and increased acrolein adducts in the spinal cord after weeks of nasal exposure to acrolein at a concentration similar to that in tobacco smoke. The data indicated that acrolein is absorbed into the circulatory system and some enters the nervous system. It is expected that these findings may facilitate further studies to probe the pathological role of acrolein in the nervous system resulting from smoke and other external sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tully
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lingxing Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. .,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Jang JH, Bruse S, Huneidi S, Schrader RM, Monick MM, Lin Y, Carter AB, Klingelhutz AJ, Nyunoya T. Acrolein-exposed normal human lung fibroblasts in vitro: cellular senescence, enhanced telomere erosion, and degradation of Werner's syndrome protein. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:955-62. [PMID: 24747221 PMCID: PMC4154210 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental hazard to human health. Acrolein has been reported to activate the DNA damage response and induce apoptosis. However, little is known about the effects of acrolein on cellular senescence. OBJECTIVES We examined whether acrolein induces cellular senescence in cultured normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). METHODS We cultured NHLF in the presence or absence of acrolein and determined the effects of acrolein on cell proliferative capacity, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, the known senescence-inducing pathways (e.g., p53, p21), and telomere length. RESULTS We found that acrolein induced cellular senescence by increasing both p53 and p21. The knockdown of p53 mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated acrolein-induced cellular senescence. Acrolein decreased Werner's syndrome protein (WRN), a member of the RecQ helicase family involved in DNA repair and telomere maintenance. Acrolein-induced down-regulation of WRN protein was rescued by p53 knockdown or proteasome inhibition. Finally, we found that acrolein accelerated p53-mediated telomere shortening. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that acrolein induces p53-mediated cellular senescence accompanied by enhanced telomere attrition and WRN protein down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico and New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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deCastro BR. Acrolein and asthma attack prevalence in a representative sample of the United States adult population 2000-2009. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96926. [PMID: 24816802 PMCID: PMC4016153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acrolein is an air toxic and highly potent respiratory irritant. There is little epidemiology available, but US EPA estimates that outdoor acrolein is responsible for about 75 percent of non-cancer respiratory health effects attributable to air toxics in the United States, based on the Agency's 2005 NATA (National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment) and acrolein's comparatively potent inhalation reference concentration of 0.02 µg/m3. Objectives Assess the association between estimated outdoor acrolein exposure and asthma attack reported by a representative cross-sectional sample of the adult United States population. Methods NATA 2005 chronic outdoor acrolein exposure estimates at the census tract were linked with residences oif adults (≥18 years old) in the NHIS (National Health Interview Survey) 2000 – 2009 (n = 271,348 subjects). A sample-weighted logistic regression model characterized the association between the prevalence of reporting at least one asthma attack in the 12 months prior to survey interview and quintiles of exposure to outdoor acrolein, controlling for potential confounders. Results In the highest quintile of outdoor acrolein exposure (0.05 – 0.46 µg/m3), there was a marginally significant increase in the asthma attack pOR (prevalence-odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.08 [0.98∶1.19]) relative to the lowest quintile. The highest quintile was also associated with a marginally significant increase in prevalence-odds (1.13 [0.98∶1.29]) in a model limited to never smokers (n = 153,820). Conclusions Chronic exposure to outdoor acrolein of 0.05 – 0.46 µg/m3 appears to increase the prevalence-odds of having at least one asthma attack in the previous year by 8 percent in a representative cross-sectional sample of the adult United States population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Rey deCastro
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- * E-mail:
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Fang L, Wuptra K, Chen D, Li H, Huang SK, Jin C, Yokoyama KK. Environmental-stress-induced Chromatin Regulation and its Heritability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 25045581 PMCID: PMC4101908 DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin is subject to proofreading and repair mechanisms during the process of DNA replication, as well as repair to maintain genetic and epigenetic information and genome stability. The dynamic structure of chromatin modulates various nuclear processes, including transcription and replication, by altering the accessibility of the DNA to regulatory factors. Structural changes in chromatin are affected by the chemical modification of histone proteins and DNA, remodeling of nucleosomes, incorporation of variant histones, noncoding RNAs, and nonhistone DNA-binding proteins. Phenotypic diversity and fidelity can be balanced by controlling stochastic switching of chromatin structure and dynamics in response to the environmental disruptors and endogenous stresses. The dynamic chromatin remodeling can, therefore, serve as a sensor, through which environmental and/or metabolic agents can alter gene expression, leading to global cellular changes involving multiple interactive networks. Furthermore its recent evidence also suggests that the epigenetic changes are heritable during the development. This review will discuss the environmental sensing system for chromatin regulation and genetic and epigenetic controls from developmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Kenly Wuptra
- Center of Environmental Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, San Ming District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan ; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Center of Environmental Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, San Ming District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Chen D, Fang L, Li H, Tang MS, Jin C. Cigarette smoke component acrolein modulates chromatin assembly by inhibiting histone acetylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21678-87. [PMID: 23770671 PMCID: PMC3724627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure and gene expression are both regulated by nucleosome assembly. How environmental factors influence histone nuclear import and the nucleosome assembly pathway, leading to changes in chromatin organization and transcription, remains unknown. Acrolein (Acr) is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, which is abundant in the environment, especially in cigarette smoke. It has recently been implicated as a potential major carcinogen of smoking-related lung cancer. Here we show that Acr forms adducts with histone proteins in vitro and in vivo and preferentially reacts with free histones rather than with nucleosomal histones. Cellular fractionation analyses reveal that Acr exposure specifically inhibits acetylations of N-terminal tails of cytosolic histones H3 and H4, modifications that are important for nuclear import and chromatin assembly. Notably, Acr exposure compromises the delivery of histone H3 into chromatin and increases chromatin accessibility. Moreover, changes in nucleosome occupancy at several genomic loci are correlated with transcriptional responses to Acr exposure. Our data provide new insights into mechanisms whereby environmental factors interact with the genome and influence genome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chen
- From the Departments of Environmental Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10987
| | - Lei Fang
- From the Departments of Environmental Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10987
| | - Hongjie Li
- From the Departments of Environmental Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10987
| | - Moon-shong Tang
- From the Departments of Environmental Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10987
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- From the Departments of Environmental Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10987
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Rashedinia M, Lari P, Abnous K, Hosseinzadeh H. Proteomic analysis of rat cerebral cortex following subchronic acrolein toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:199-207. [PMID: 23743302 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein, a member of reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, is a major environmental pollutant. Acrolein is also produced endogenously as a toxic by-product of lipid peroxidation. Because of high reactivity, acrolein may mediate oxidative damages to cells and tissues. It has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of pathological states including pulmonary, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we employed proteomics approach to investigate the effects of subchronic oral exposures to 3mg/kg of acrolein on protein expression profile in the brain of rats. Moreover effects of acrolein on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were investigated. Our results revealed that treatment with acrolein changed levels of several proteins in diverse physiological process including energy metabolism, cell communication and transport, response to stimulus and metabolic process. Interestingly, several differentially over-expressed proteins, including β-synuclein, enolase and calcineurin, are known to be associated with human neurodegenerative diseases. Changes in the levels of some proteins were confirmed by Western blot. Moreover, acrolein increases the level of MDA, as a lipid peroxidation biomarker and decreased GSH concentrations, as a non-enzyme antioxidant in the brain of acrolein treated rats. These findings suggested that acrolein induces the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the brain, and so that may contribute to the pathophysiology of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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47
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Endo Y, Hayashi C, Yamanaka T, Takayose K, Yamaoka M, Tsuno T, Nakajima S. Linolenic Acid as the Main Source of Acrolein Formed During Heating of Vegetable Oils. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Protective Effect of Silymarin against Acrolein-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:352091. [PMID: 23320028 PMCID: PMC3535759 DOI: 10.1155/2012/352091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein (ACR) are major components of environmental pollutants and have been implicated in the neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases. In this study, the protective effect of silymarin (SN) against cardiotoxicity induced by ACR in mice was evaluated. Studies were performed on seven groups of six animals each, including vehicle-control (normal saline + 0.5% w/v methylcellulose), ACR (7.5 mg/kg/day, gavage) for 3 weeks, SN (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) plus ACR, vitamin E (Vit E, 100 IU/kg, i.p.) plus ACR, and SN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. Mice received SN 7 days before ACR and daily thereafter throughout the study. Pretreatment with SN attenuated ACR-induced increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), as well as histopathological changes in cardiac tissues. Moreover, SN improved glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in heart of ACR-treated mice. Western blot analysis showed that SN pretreatment inhibited apoptosis provoked by ACR through decreasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytosolic cytochrome c content, and cleaved caspase-3 level in heart. In conclusion, SN may have protective effects against cardiotoxicity of ACR by reducing lipid peroxidation, renewing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and preventing apoptosis.
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49
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Lewars E, Liebman JF. What are the enthalpy of formation and the stabilization energy of acrolein? Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Furuta A, Suzuki Y, Hayashi N, Egawa S, Yoshimura N. Transient receptor potential A1 receptor-mediated neural cross-talk and afferent sensitization induced by oxidative stress: Implication for the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Int J Urol 2012; 19:429-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.02966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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