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Porsch LM, Xu M, Veldhuis CB, Bochicchio LA, Zollweg SS, Hughes TL. Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual Minority Women: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3014-3036. [PMID: 36154756 PMCID: PMC10039964 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among sexual minority women (SMW). However, compared to IPV research with heterosexual women and other LGBTQ+ population groups, SMW are understudied. We conducted a scoping review to examine the current state of knowledge about IPV among SMW, and to identify gaps and directions for future research. A search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases returned 1,807 papers published between January 2000 and December 2021. After independent reviewers screened these papers for relevance, 99 were included in the final review. Papers were included if they used quantitative methods and reported IPV data on adult SMW separately from other groups. Findings confirmed high rates of IPV among SMW and highlighted groups with particular vulnerabilities, including non-monosexual women and SMW of color. Risk factors for IPV in this population include prior trauma and victimization, psychological and emotional concerns, substance use, and minority stressors. Outcomes include poor mental and physical health. Findings related to the effects of minority stressors on IPV and comparisons across sexual minority groups were inconsistent. Future research should focus on IPV perpetration; mechanisms underlying risk for IPV, including structural-level risk factors; and understanding differences among SMW subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariah Xu
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Cusack M, Montgomery AE, Byrne T. Examining the Intersection of Housing Instability and Violence Among LGBTQ Adults. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:2943-2954. [PMID: 35700390 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2085936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess the relationship between LGBTQ status and (1) current, recent, and lifetime experiences of housing instability, (2) risk of housing instability due to fears of interpersonal violence, and (3) perceived housing challenges, this study examined online survey data from individuals with a household income <$35,000 (N = 1,270). Analyses compared LGBTQ and cisgender heterosexual respondents using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Over their lifetime, LGBTQ respondents had increased odds of sleeping outdoors (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 1.580) or in a car (AOR = 1.465) because they had nowhere else to stay. They also had increased odds of reporting housing challenges related to violence from family/friends (AOR = 3.278), substance abuse (AOR = 3.063), and mental health (AOR = 2.048). Interventions serving LGBTQ adults should prioritize safety concerns and consider providing services to both individuals and families. In addition, providers should increase sensitivity toward issues of sexual orientation and gender identity and the unique needs of LGBTQ adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Cusack
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equility Research & Promotion, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ann Elizabeth Montgomery
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas Byrne
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Outcomes & Implementation Research, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Corey J, Duggan M, Travers Á. Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Bisexual Victims: A Systematic Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2130-2142. [PMID: 35435063 PMCID: PMC10486155 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221084749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisexual-identifying individuals appear to be at increased risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to people of other sexualities. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to examine risk and protective factors for the perpetration of IPV against bisexual victims and to provide a preliminary quality assessment of the included studies. A systematic search of academic and grey literature was conducted in February 2021. Inclusion criteria specified that study participants identified as bisexual, that the study examined risk or protective factors for IPV, and that findings were disaggregated by sexual identity. All potentially eligible references were independently screened by two reviewers, and conflicts settled by a third reviewer. Nine articles published between 2013 and 2021 met criteria for inclusion. Data extraction was completed for all included studies, and findings presented in a narrative synthesis. The review identified a number of risk factors, including bisexual identity, internalised homophobia, discrimination, partner gender, negative childhood experiences and non-monogamy. One study included consideration of a potentially protective factor. The majority of the included studies were cross-sectional in design. More longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporality of the associations identified and better inform support and prevention efforts. Further implications for future research, policies and practise are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Corey
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marian Duggan
- School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Áine Travers
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Wiginton JM, Murray SM, Baral SD, Sanchez TH. Targeted Violence as a Risk Factor for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Cisgender Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who have Sex with Men in the United States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:9739-9764. [PMID: 37118946 PMCID: PMC10527206 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231169755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the United States (US) are disproportionately exposed to interpersonal violence, which carries a high conditional risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and which is often motivated by sexual prejudice. We determined PTSD prevalence by violence attribution (motivated by sexual prejudice or not) and measured PTSD-attribution associations. Using a 2020 nationwide cross-sectional survey of 2,886 GBMSM who reported ever experiencing interpersonal violence, we performed multivariable modified Poisson regressions with robust variance estimators to examine differences in prevalence of current PTSD by how participants attributed the violence (occurring due to one's same-sex practices, not occurring due to one's same-sex practices, or being unsure if it occurred due to one's same-sex practices). Model results are reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Median age was 27 years; 78.8% of participants identified as gay, and 62.2% were non-Hispanic White. Violence was attributed to same-sex practices by 45.8% of participants; 46.3% did not make this attribution, and 7.0% were unsure (0.9% preferred not to answer). Overall, 23.0% screened positive for PTSD, and PTSD prevalence was greater for those who attributed violence to same-sex practices (25.9% [342/1,321]; aPR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.34, 1.79]) and those who were unsure (33.5% [68/203]; aPR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.44, 2.25]) compared to those who did not make the attribution (18.1% [242/1,335]). Age modified this association, with participants 15 to 19 years old who made the attribution being significantly more likely to have PTSD relative to 20+ participants who also made the attribution. In addition to violence-prevention and stigma-mitigation efforts, interventions targeting attribution styles may be useful for violence-exposed GBMSM, especially teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark Wiginton
- University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- San Diego State University, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Murray
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Travis H Sanchez
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fedina L, Moss L, Rousson AN, Smith ME, Bright C, Herrenkohl TI, DeVylder J. Effects of Neighborhood Disconnection on Psychological Distress and Suicide Risk Associated with Interpersonal Violence Within Racial Groups. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:681-697. [PMID: 37593058 PMCID: PMC10427586 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Negative mental health outcomes have been associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV); however, few studies have identified risk and protective factors across levels of the social ecology that mitigate the onset of psychological distress and suicide risk associated with trauma. This study examines the relationship between ACEs, IPV, and mental health (i.e., psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts) within racial sub-populations of Black American, Latinx, and White adults. An online, cross-section survey was administered to a general population sample of adults in Baltimore and New York City. ACEs, IPV, and mental health outcomes were assessed within racial sub-populations of Black American (N = 390), Latinx (N = 178), and White (N = 339) adults, while accounting for within-group demographic differences. Moderating effects of social support and neighborhood disconnection on the relationship between ACEs, IPV, and mental health outcomes were also assessed. IPV was associated with psychological distress and suicidal ideation for Black and Latinx adults, but not for White adults. ACEs were associated with increased psychological distress for all three groups, and increased odds for suicidal ideation among Black and Latinx adults.. A significant negative interaction effect for neighborhood disconnection was found in the relationship between ACEs and psychological distress for Black adults. Findings highlight the significant mental health burdens of ACEs and IPV within racial and ethnic groups. Neighborhood disconnection may exacerbate psychological distress associated with ACEs among populations most impacted by interpersonal violence and mental health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fedina
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Lolita Moss
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | | | | | | | - Todd I. Herrenkohl
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY USA
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Tubman JG, Moore C, Lee J, Shapiro AJ. Multivariate Patterns of Substance Use, Minority Stress and Environmental Violence Associated with Sexual Revictimization of Lesbian and Bisexual Emerging Adult Women. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37500604 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2023.2240552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study documented between-group differences in factors associated with sexual revictimization histories in a sample of young sexual minority women. Diverse samples of lesbian (N = 204, ageM = 23.55 years) and bisexual (N = 249, ageM = 23.35 years) women from the United States were recruited using the CloudResearch platform to assess factors associated with recent experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). Participants were categorized into four groups based on self-reports of sexual victimization (a) during childhood and (b) during adulthood in intimate relationships. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to model between-group differences in three variable domains: Past-year substance use involvement, minority stress, and violence in relationship and community settings. Lesbian women reporting sexual revictimization in adulthood reported significantly higher scores for measures of past-year substance use involvement and negative consequences, daily discrimination experiences, relational victimization, and criminal victimization, compared to their counterparts with no history of sexual victimization. Among bisexual women, sexual revictimization was associated with a similar pattern of between-group differences. The sexual revictimization experiences of sexual minority women appear to occur in the context of multivariate patterns of harmful substance use, minority stress, and violence in both relationship and community settings. Our findings have implications for how intervention services are provided to emerging adult sexual minority women who experience multiple episodes of sexual abuse during their lifespans. Recommendations include specialized training for counseling or intervention service providers, integrated trauma-informed services that address both substance use and sexual assault issues, and affirmative services for sexual minority women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Candace Moore
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacquie Lee
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Avital J Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
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Swan LET, Goffnett J, Pless J, Andrews T. Reproductive Coercion in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Emerging Adults: Prevalence and Behavioral Health Impact. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6389-6406. [PMID: 36310500 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221130394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive coercion (RC) is a type of intimate partner violence (IPV) characterized by partner interference with contraception or reproductive decision-making. Despite sexual minority people's vulnerability to other forms of IPV, limited research has examined reproductive coercion in this population. Research on behavioral health impacts of reproductive coercion is also lacking, especially for sexual minorities. This study addressed these gaps by examining the occurrence and behavioral health impact of reproductive coercion among emerging adults, including both heterosexual and sexual minority people. In 2020, survey data were collected with emerging adults (aged 18-24 years) at a university in the southeastern United States (N = 387). We conducted bivariate analyses to explore associates of reproductive coercion and logistic regression to identify risk factors. We then conducted linear regression to investigate relationships between reproductive coercion and behavioral health outcomes, in the full sample and in separate models based on sexual attraction. One in 15 sampled students (6.3%) had experienced reproductive coercion. Sexual attraction was a significant risk factor for reproductive coercion, with increased rates among plurisexual (i.e., attracted to people of multiple genders) compared to monosexual students, in both bivariate (χ2(2) = 7.57, p = .023) and regression analyses (B = 1.25, p = .012). Reproductive coercion was associated with worse behavioral health outcomes in bivariate and regression analyses (anxiety: B = 3.77, p = .001; depression: B = 3.26, p = .010; alcohol use: B = 2.32, p < .001). In separate linear regression models based on sexual attraction, RC was significantly associated with behavioral health indicators for participants who were attracted only to men and those attracted to people of multiple genders but not for participants who were attracted only to women. Findings indicated increased RC risk for plurisexual students compared to monosexuals and showed significant associations between RC and behavioral health outcomes, with differential effects based on sexual attraction. These novel findings support the need for continued research on RC, inclusive of nuanced conceptualizations of sexuality.
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Swan LET, Goffnett J, Pless J, Andrews T. Reproductive Coercion in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Emerging Adults: Prevalence and Behavioral Health Impact. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6389-6406. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1177/08862605221130394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive coercion (RC) is a type of intimate partner violence (IPV) characterized by partner interference with contraception or reproductive decision-making. Despite sexual minority people’s vulnerability to other forms of IPV, limited research has examined reproductive coercion in this population. Research on behavioral health impacts of reproductive coercion is also lacking, especially for sexual minorities. This study addressed these gaps by examining the occurrence and behavioral health impact of reproductive coercion among emerging adults, including both heterosexual and sexual minority people. In 2020, survey data were collected with emerging adults (aged 18–24 years) at a university in the southeastern United States (N = 387). We conducted bivariate analyses to explore associates of reproductive coercion and logistic regression to identify risk factors. We then conducted linear regression to investigate relationships between reproductive coercion and behavioral health outcomes, in the full sample and in separate models based on sexual attraction. One in 15 sampled students (6.3%) had experienced reproductive coercion. Sexual attraction was a significant risk factor for reproductive coercion, with increased rates among plurisexual (i.e., attracted to people of multiple genders) compared to monosexual students, in both bivariate (χ2(2) = 7.57, p = .023) and regression analyses ( B = 1.25, p = .012). Reproductive coercion was associated with worse behavioral health outcomes in bivariate and regression analyses (anxiety: B = 3.77, p = .001; depression: B = 3.26, p = .010; alcohol use: B = 2.32, p < .001). In separate linear regression models based on sexual attraction, RC was significantly associated with behavioral health indicators for participants who were attracted only to men and those attracted to people of multiple genders but not for participants who were attracted only to women. Findings indicated increased RC risk for plurisexual students compared to monosexuals and showed significant associations between RC and behavioral health outcomes, with differential effects based on sexual attraction. These novel findings support the need for continued research on RC, inclusive of nuanced conceptualizations of sexuality.
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Li Y, Zhou K, Tang S, Chen J. Intimate Partner Violence Screening Instruments: A Protocol for a COSMIN-Based Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1541. [PMID: 36674295 PMCID: PMC9861910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem resulting in a significant impediment to equal participation, quality of life, and personal, social, and economic development. At present, a variety of screening instruments for IPV have emerged in developed countries, and some of them have been adapted to the language and culture of different countries, such as Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (HITS) and the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS). The selection of the most appropriate IPV screening instrument for the target population and context from among those instruments has become difficult for researchers when intending to start screening. Therefore, a systemic review of IPV screening instruments is needed. This protocol describes a COSMIN-based systematic review of the measurement properties of these instruments. The aims of the systematic review are to (1) evaluate the methodological quality of studies on the measurement properties including the validity, reliability, and internal consistency of these IPV screening instruments, and (2) provide suggestions for relevant researchers in their local context for using the IPV screening instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Keyi Zhou
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice & Healthcare Innovation: A JBI Affiliated Group, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice & Healthcare Innovation: A JBI Affiliated Group, Changsha 410008, China
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Eric S. Reyes M, Camille M. Alday A, Jay J. Aurellano A, Raven R. Escala S, Ermelo V. Hernandez P, Esrom P. Matienzo J, Marian R. Panaguiton K, Charmaine C. Tan A, Zsila Á. Minority Stressors and Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Among Lesbian and Gay Individuals. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 27:930-950. [PMID: 36531155 PMCID: PMC9739342 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-10046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority individuals experience more intimate partner violence (IPV) than those in heterosexual relationships. Issues of mistrust, stigma, and anticipation of abuse contribute to these rates. Lesbian and gay IPV victims have distinct experiences from their abuses with exposure to homophobia, heterosexism, discrimination, and threats of sexual disclosure, among others. These unique and additive minority stressors can lead to adverse health concerns, increase vulnerability to victimization, and elevate abuse perpetration. This study aimed to investigate whether experiences of minority stressors are associated with attitudes toward intimate partner violence among a sample of 240 lesbian and gay Filipinos (155 lesbian and 85 gay participants) aged 20 to 40. Through convenience sampling, lesbian and gay Filipinos completed the Sexual Minority Stress Scale (SMSS) and Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale-Revised (IPVAS-Revised). Comparing the minority stressors levels among the participants, lesbians expressed higher expectations of rejection, while gay men experienced more sexual minority adverse events. Lesbians also reported higher satisfaction with outness. Regarding IPV, gay men expressed slightly more favorable attitudes toward abuse, which could make them at risk of becoming victims or perpetrators. Internalized homophobia was associated with more favorable attitudes toward abuse and control, indicating its contribution to more favorable IPV attitudes, although the explanatory power was modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Eric S. Reyes
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Angeli Camille M. Alday
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Alexa Jay J. Aurellano
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sahara Raven R. Escala
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - John Esrom P. Matienzo
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Angeli Charmaine C. Tan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ágnes Zsila
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Fedele E, Juster RP, Guay S. Stigma and Mental Health of Sexual Minority Women Former Victims of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22732-NP22758. [PMID: 35189737 PMCID: PMC9679572 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sexual minority women (SMW) are at high risk of experiencing stigma, mental health problems, and being victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). This vulnerability can be explained by the sexual and gender minority stress model, stating that sexual and gender minority people suffer from specific stress factors added to general stressors, leading to more mental health and relationships problems. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of minority stress factors and former IPV victimization on the current mental health of Canadian SMW, as a function of their sexual and gender identity. METHOD In total, 209 individuals identifying as women (M age = 33.9), living in Canada and who lived in a past violent relationship with a woman responded to an online survey. Well-validated questionnaires assessed sexual orientation and gender identity, former IPV behaviors, minority stress factors, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS Hierarchical regressions showed that past psychological aggression was positively associated with anxiety symptoms and past sexual coercion with depressive symptoms. Not being monosexual was also associated more severe symptoms of depression and age was negatively associated with the severity of anxiety symptoms. After controlling for age, race/ethnicity, sexual and gender identity and former IPV victimization, having negative feelings about being a SMW was strongly associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION These results provide new information on the interconnected associations between former IPV, minority stress and SMW's mental health. Findings highlight the need to adapt clinical interventions to help buffer against victimization faced by IPV victims who identify as sexual and gender minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fedele
- Master’s candidate in Criminology,
School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Emma Fedele, Montreal Mental Health
University Research Centre, 7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal (QC) H1N 3V2.
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Assistant Research Professor,
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Tenured Professor, School of
Criminology and Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Robles G, Bosco SC, Cardenas I, Hostetter J, Starks TJ. Psychosocial and Culturally-Specific Factors Related to Intimate Partner Violence Victimization among a Sample of Latino Sexual Minority Cis Men in the U.S. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22501-NP22527. [PMID: 35166599 PMCID: PMC9376202 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research illustrates that sexual minority men (SMM) experience elevated rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to heterosexual individuals. Researchers have examined the relationship between minority stress and IPV victimization among sexual minority men. A majority of the IPV research identifying risk factors associated with IPV victimization among SMM have sampled predominately non-Hispanic White SMM, while Latino SMM are consistently under-represented in IPV research. This study examines the associations between (1) co-occurring psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, childhood sexual abuse, drug use, and problematic drinking) and (2) Latino-specific minority stress factors (e.g., U.S.-born, language, race/ethnic identities, and discrimination) on IPV victimization in a nationwide sample of Latino SMM. Data were collected from Latino SMM aged 18 or older, identified as cis-male, and in a romantic relationship with a cis-male partner (N = 530). The participants were recruited through social media and geo-location-based dating mobile applications. A majority (72%) of the sample reported IPV victimization in their lifetime. Specific to forms of IPV, more than half (51.9%) of the sample reported monitoring behaviors, while 49.6% reported emotional IPV, 45.1% reported physical IPV, 31.5% reported controlling behaviors, and 22.3% reported HIV-related IPV. In multivariable models, psychosocial and Latino-specific factors were associated with the increased likelihood of IPV victimization. Regarding Latino-specific factors, being born in the U.S. and race-based discrimination predicted IPV victimization. These findings highlight the extent to which minority stress elevates the risk of IPV for Latino SMM and point to the need to address social factors in IPV prevention services. Further, work on SMM IPV victimization tends to focus on the potential role of sexual orientation-related discrimination, whereas the current study points to the importance of race-based discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Stephen C. Bosco
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Iris Cardenas
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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Ronzón-Tirado R, Charak R, Cano-Gonzalez I, Karsberg S, Schnarrs PW. Latent Classes of Bidirectional Face-to-Face and Cyber Intimate Partner Violence Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Emerging Adults: The Role of Minority Stressors. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21092-NP21118. [PMID: 34839733 PMCID: PMC10704391 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211055158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rates of intimate partner violence have been found to be higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals when compared with heterosexual populations. However, lesser is known about the impact of specific minority stressors experienced by LGB populations on their face-to-face intimate partner violence (IPV) and cyber IPV experiences. Using a three-step latent class approach, the present study investigated (i) the latent classes of self-reported types of face-to-face IPV and cyber IPV perpetration and victimization and (ii) their associations with LGB distal and proximal minority stressors (i.e., vicarious trauma, discrimination, family rejection, and LGB-identity disclosure). Participants were 288 LGB emerging adults in the age range of 18-29 years (bisexual: n = 168, gay: n = 72, and lesbian: n = 48). Findings showed the presence of four latent classes, namely, face-to-face IPV (n = 32; 37.5% gay, 18.8% lesbian, and 43.8% bisexual individuals), cyber IPV (n = 66; 33.3% gay, 12.1% lesbian, and 54.5% bisexual individuals), psychological and stalking cyber IPV (n = 89; 15.7% gay, 15.7% lesbian, and 68.5% bisexual individuals), and low IPV (n = 101; 23.8% gay, 19.8% lesbian, and 56.4% bisexual individuals). Furthermore, multinomial logistic regressions indicated that greater exposure to the minority stressors such as exposure to heterosexism, namely, discrimination and harassment, rejection from one's family of origin, and exposure to vicarious trauma, as well as a lower degree of LGB-identity disclosure, largely predicted latent classes with greater probabilities of IPV exposure, namely, cyber IPV, face-to-face IPV classes, and psychological and stalking cyber IPV. Findings suggest the importance of addressing the role of minority stressors in IPV interventions and the creation of competent LGB-related services and training modules for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ronzón-Tirado
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ines Cano-Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Sidsel Karsberg
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Phillip W. Schnarrs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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14
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Slovinsky T, Brubaker SJ. Prosecution as a "Soul Crushing" Job: Emotional Labor and Secondary Trauma in Working Sexual Assault Cases. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2022; 37:588-609. [PMID: 35973813 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prosecutors who work sex crimes face considerable legal constraints, for example, the need for corroborating evidence to prove their case, as well as extra-legal factors including biases that influence decision-making across the criminal justice system. Beyond these factors, sexual assault cases, especially those involving college students, present significant emotional trauma not only for victims, but also for prosecutors. This inductive study explores the ways prosecutors handle system constraints and how they experience and manage their response to emotionally difficult cases. Qualitative interview data revealed strategies that prosecutors use to mitigate the psychological impacts of participation in the courtroom experience on survivors of sexual assault and indicators of secondary trauma. In combination, this study's examination of legal and extra-legal factors, secondary and vicarious trauma, and emotional labor contribute to a theory of how prosecutors work campus sex crime cases, expanding our understanding of both prosecutors' roles and emotional labor, with implications for research, policy and practice.
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15
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Stults CB, Khan E, Griffin M, Krause K, Gao SS, Halkitis PN. Sociodemographic Differences in Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence, Chronicity, and Severity Among Young Sexual and Gender Minorities Assigned Male at Birth: The P18 Cohort Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP16476-NP16508. [PMID: 34144650 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among young sexual and gender minorities assigned male at birth (YSGM-AMAB). However, few studies have examined the chronicity or distinguished between minor and severe forms of IPV among YSGM-AMAB. Furthermore, while past research has documented differences in IPV by race/ethnicity, sexual identity, gender identity, income, and education in other populations, few studies have examined these sociodemographic characteristics in relation to IPV in YSGM-AMAB. Thus, the present study aims to: (1) estimate past year prevalence and chronicity of minor and severe forms of IPV victimization and perpetration in a diverse sample of (N = 665) YSGM-AMAB in New York City, and (2) examine differences in IPV prevalence and chronicity by the aforementioned sociodemographic characteristics. Cross-sectional data from [BLINDED] informed these descriptive and inferential analyses. Nearly half of all participants reported past year IPV victimization and approximately 40% reported perpetration. Psychological violence was the most common form of victimization, followed by sexual, physical, and injury victimization. Psychological violence was the most common form of perpetration, followed by physical, sexual, and injury perpetration. Regarding sociodemographic differences in last year IPV prevalence, bisexual, transgender, and lower income YSGM-AMAB were more likely to report several subtypes of IPV victimization. Whereas Asian/API, bisexual, transgender, and lower income participants were more likely to report several subtypes of IPV perpetration. Regarding last year IPV chronicity, non-graduate YSGM-AMAB reported more instances of two subtypes of IPV victimization, while Black, White, cisgender, upper income, non-graduate participants reported more instances of several subtypes of IPV perpetration. These findings may be used to develop IPV prevention and intervention programs, inform future research endeavors, and develop and strengthen policies that reduce sociodemographic inequalities and promote more favorable sociopolitical conditions for YSGM-AMAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Stults
- Department of Psychology, Weisman School of Arts and Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| | - Ellia Khan
- Sexual and Gender Minority Health Lab, Baruch College, City University of New York
| | - Marybec Griffin
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| | - Kristen Krause
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| | - Siyan Stan Gao
- Sexual and Gender Minority Health Lab, Baruch College, City University of New York
| | - Perry N Halkitis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
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16
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Dokkedahl SB, Kirubakaran R, Bech-Hansen D, Kristensen TR, Elklit A. The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2022; 11:163. [PMID: 35948921 PMCID: PMC9364557 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examines the association between psychological violence and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, while comparing the specific subtypes of psychological violence and simultaneously focusing on methodological shortcomings. METHOD A systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses were applied on the three main outcomes: PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Four electronic databases were searched (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science), and a total of 194 studies were included (k = 149 for meta-analyses). GRADEpro was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence from the meta-analyses. RESULTS Psychological violence had strong associations with the three main outcomes, with the strongest association for PTSD in both female and male victims. Coercive control was particularly associated with PTSD for female victims, while emotional/verbal and dominance/isolation had the strongest association with depression. Although the identified studies were characterized by gender bias, psychological violence appear to affect male mental health too. DISCUSSION Findings from the meta-analyses support the notion that psychological violence is a traumatic experience, which is strongly association with PTSD and other common mental health problems linked to trauma. GRADEpro rated the certainty of evince to be low, and thus, our confidence in the estimated effect is limited. Gender bias, the applied terminology, and other methodological shortcomings are discussed. Despite the substantial amount of research on this topic, more research is needed before we can draw any final conclusions on the effect of psychological violence on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Dokkedahl
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark. .,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - R Kirubakaran
- Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Healthcare and Health Policy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - D Bech-Hansen
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - T R Kristensen
- Centre for Persons Subjected to Violence, Center of Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Elklit
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Velonis A, Maddox R, Buhariwala P, Kamalanathan J, Hassan MA, Fadhil T, O'Campo P. Asking the Right Questions: Screening Men for Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP13813-NP13829. [PMID: 33849303 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211005155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization rates for self-identified men between 14% and 20%, and an expanding understanding of gender as a nonbinary construct, practitioners in some clinical environments have expressed interest in screening all patients for IPV. Yet, few IPV screening instruments have been validated for use in nonfemale populations. This research tests the appropriateness and acceptability of a screening instrument developed for use with women.A literature review was completed to determine the current state of research into IPV screening practices tailored to men. Next, cognitive interviews were conducted to test a 9-question IPV screening instrument with men considered at average and elevated risk for experiencing partner violence. Participants were read the questions aloud and asked about item comprehension and question appropriateness and acceptability.The literature review uncovered no published reports describing routine clinic based IPV screening of men, and only two screening instruments had been validated with men. Twenty men participated in cognitive interviews from a variety of settings in a large urban center. All participants accurately described the intended meaning of each question and verified the appropriateness of asking the questions.This work addresses the gap in research on routine IPV screening with men, building on efforts to screen individuals and support improved health and response to violence to those across the gender spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Velonis
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raglan Maddox
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pearl Buhariwala
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janisha Kamalanathan
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Awaiz Hassan
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamam Fadhil
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia O'Campo
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Everett BG, Jenkins V, Hughes TL. Sexual Orientation Disparities in Experiences of Male-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence: A Focus on the Preconception and Perinatal Period. Womens Health Issues 2022; 32:268-273. [PMID: 35246354 PMCID: PMC9167209 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, sexual minority women (SMW), especially those with male partners, are at increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV has been linked to a variety of adverse maternal, infant, and child health outcomes. However, to date, no research has examined SMW's experiences of IPV in the context of pregnancy. This study explored whether SMW were more likely than exclusively heterosexual women with only male sexual partners (WSM) to report a variety of forms of IPV perpetrated by their male partner before or during pregnancy. METHODS Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Our sample size ranged from 10,081 to 10,328 pregnancies, matched with their male pregnancy partner, reported by 3,828 to 3,873 women. RESULTS Logistic regression results indicated that compared with heterosexual-WSM, mostly heterosexual women and heterosexual-women who have sex with women (WSW) were more likely to report any IPV, mostly heterosexual women were more likely to report an IPV-related injury, and heterosexual-WSW were more likely to report sexual assault. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that mostly heterosexual and heterosexual-WSW are at increased risk of experiencing multiple forms of IPV with their male pregnancy partners, highlighting the need for additional screening and prevention efforts to reduce IPV and its negative sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Everett
- Department of Sociology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Virginia Jenkins
- Department of Sociology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York
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19
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Ogunbajo A, Oginni OA, Iwuagwu S, Williams R, Biello K, Mimiaga MJ. Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Is Associated with Psychosocial Health Problems Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (GBMSM) in Nigeria, Africa. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP7394-NP7425. [PMID: 33118468 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520966677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Experiencing IPV may predispose GBMSM to psychosocial health problems. A vast majority of the research on IPV among GBMSM have been conducted in North America and Europe. To date, no published studies that we are aware of have investigated the prevalence and correlates of IPV among GBMSM in West Africa. To fill this gap in research, the present study investigated the prevalence of IPV and its' association with psychosocial health problems in a large multicity sample of community-recruited GBMSM in Nigeria. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial health problems, sexual risk, and experiences of IPV (N = 389). The prevalence of experiencing emotional, physical, sexual, monitoring behaviors, and controlling behavior were 45%, 31%, 20%, 55%, and 22% respectively. Experiencing all types of IPV, except physical violence, was significantly associated with increased odds of having depressive symptoms (Adjusted OR [AOR] 1.79-2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-4.60) and anxiety (AOR 1.63-2.63; 95% CI: 1.01-4.18). Experiencing emotional violence (standardized beta [β] = 0.21; standard error [SE] SE = 0.44), physical violence (β = 0.14; SE = 0.48), and controlling behaviors (β = 0.11; SE = 0.54) was associated with increased odds of loneliness. Experiencing all types of IPV was associated with history of suicide thoughts (AOR 2.20-3.68; 95% CI: 1.28-6.32) and suicide attempt (AOR 2.36-3.42; 95% CI: 1.20-6.75). Additionally, we observed a dose-response relationship, whereby increasing number of IPV was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting psychosocial health problems. Lastly, after adjusting for other psychosocial health problems and demographic characteristics, there remained a significant association between experiencing IPV and reporting a history of suicide thoughts and suicide attempt. Consequently, it is imperative that health interventions aimed at improving psychosocial health of GBMSM explore experience and perpetration of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rashidi Williams
- Equality Triangle for Health and Peoples Development Initiative, Warri, Delta, Nigeria
| | - Katie Biello
- Brown University School of Public Health, RI, USA
- The Fenway Institute, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Mimiaga
- Brown University School of Public Health, RI, USA
- The Fenway Institute, MA, USA
- Brown University Alpert Medical School, RI, USA
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20
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Norris AL, López G, Orchowski LM. Directionality of Dating Violence Among High School Youth: Rates and Correlates by Gender and Sexual Orientation. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3954-NP3980. [PMID: 32886010 PMCID: PMC10811593 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520951308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority adolescents are at greater risk for experiencing teen dating violence (TDV) in their dating relationships. Although adolescents in dating relationships often report experiencing and perpetrating various forms of TDV, the directionality of TDV based on youth's reported gender and sexual orientation is not known. A sample of 10th-grade students (N = 1,622) recruited from high schools in the Northeastern United States completed assessments of TDV victimization and perpetration and reported their past-month heavy alcohol use and marijuana use. Sexual minority girls (58%) and boys (36%) were more likely to experience TDV than heterosexual girls (38%) and boys (25%), respectively. Sexual minority boys were less likely, although the confidence intervals included one, to engage in dual-role physical TDV (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.00, 1.26]) and threatening TDV (OR = 0.14, 95% CI [0.00, 1.02]), and instead were more likely to be victimized. In contrast, the profiles of TDV were similar for girls, with sexual minority girls only being more likely than heterosexual girls to report dual-role physical TDV (OR = 2.23, 95% CI [1.07, 4.66]). Compared with unidirectional TDV, bidirectional TDV was significantly associated with sexual minority girls' substance use, but not with heterosexual girls' substance use. Sexual minority youth report higher rates of TDV, with sexual minority boys being distinctly at-risk for being victimized within their dating relationships. Engagement in both TDV victimization and perpetration was distinctly associated with substance use for sexual minority girls, highlighting the need for integrated prevention efforts and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L. Norris
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gabriela López
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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21
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Bosco SC, Robles G, Stephenson R, Starks TJ. Relationship Power and Intimate Partner Violence in Sexual Minority Male Couples. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP671-NP695. [PMID: 32779502 PMCID: PMC7876153 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520916271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the present study was to test pathways implied by Disempowerment Theory to predict intimate partner violence (IPV) among men in a same-sex relationship. Background: Sexual minority men in relationships experience rates of IPV comparable with heterosexual women, yet most research on IPV focuses on heterosexual couples. Disempowerment Theory suggests that a range of individual, family-of-origin, and intimate relationship risk factors predict the use of violence to re-establish power in a relationship. Method: Data for the present study were gathered from an online survey completed by sexual minority men currently in a same-sex relationship (n = 339). Analysis of data included two steps: (a) we tested the direct effect of individual, family, and relational predictors on the odds of IPV and (b) we calculated a path model that included relationship power as a link between the predictors (individual, family, and relational) and IPV. Results: In line with Disempowerment Theory, relationship power was negatively associated with IPV. Bivariate analysis indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse and IPV, but childhood sexual abuse was not predictive of IPV through relationship power. Other individual (depression) and relationship-specific (sexual communication and relationship satisfaction) risk factors were associated with IPV indirectly through relationship power. Conclusion: Disempowerment Theory may provide a useful framework for understanding the occurrence of IPV in sexual minority male couples. It may also provide a starting point for the development of multi-component interventions to reduce violence in these couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Bosco
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City
University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science,
The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10034, USA
| | - Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University–New
Brunswick, 536 George ST., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, and The
Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of
Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City
University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science,
The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10034, USA
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22
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Pittman DM, Riedy Rush C, Hurley KB, Minges ML. Double jeopardy: Intimate partner violence vulnerability among emerging adult women through lenses of race and sexual orientation. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:265-273. [PMID: 32240063 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1740710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a public health concern for women age 18-25. While much is known about the IPV risk and experiences of heterosexual women, little is known about the IPV risk and experiences of their LGBTQ + counterparts and any contributions of multiple marginalization in such risk. This study examines the emotional, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) vulnerability of emerging adult college women with and without multiple minority statuses (e.g., women with both racial/ethnic and sexual minority identities). Participants: Participants were 9,435 women ages 18-25 from the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). Results: Findings demonstrate that being a sexual minority increases risk vulnerability for all forms of IPV, regardless of race. Conclusions: The risk for college women with multiple marginalized identities is exponentially greater than either their White or heterosexual counterparts. Implications for colleges/universities, university counseling centers and professionals, and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delishia M Pittman
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cassandra Riedy Rush
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Katherine B Hurley
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Melanie L Minges
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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23
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Whitehead J, Dawson M, Hotton T. Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence in Canada: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Types of Incidents Reported to Police Services. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:10959-10988. [PMID: 31898921 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519897342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the past 50 years, there has been an increase in research and programming initiatives focusing on the issue of heterosexual intimate partner violence (Het-IPV). In comparison, less attention has been paid to same-sex intimate partner violence (SS-IPV). Furthermore, of the existing research, the majority focuses on SS-IPV incidents in the United States which, due to social and legal differences, cannot yield an accurate picture of SS-IPV in Canada. This descriptive study sought to understand the prevalence, characteristics, and types of SS-IPV and Het-IPV within a Canadian context, with an emphasis on understanding the differences and similarities of incidents reported to police services. It explores the influences of heteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity on SS-IPV reporting and recognition. To assess this, data from Statistics Canada's 2007-2011 Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Surveys were utilized. Participation in this survey is mandatory for all police services and, therefore, the sample used contains over 99% of incidents of IPV reported in Canada during the 4-year period (N = 346,565). The results indicate that 4% of incidents of intimate partner violence reported to the UCR involved people engaged in same-sex relationships. It demonstrates that SS-IPV incidents are similar to Het-IPV incidents in reported prevalence, and the findings also show that there are differences in the types of violations reported and several incident characteristics, including levels of victim injury, and the population density of the offense location. These findings can provide a foundation for future research and raise further questions about how SS-IPV is responded to by the criminal justice system after it has been reported to police services.
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24
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Veldhuis CB, Porsch LM, Bochicchio LA, Campbell J, Johnson TP, LeBlanc AJ, Leonard KE, Wall M, Wilsnack SC, Xu M, Hughes TL. The Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women Couples Study: Protocol for a Study of Stress, Hazardous Drinking, and Intimate Partner Aggression Among Sexual Minority Women and Their Partners. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e28080. [PMID: 34665154 PMCID: PMC8564669 DOI: 10.2196/28080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large gaps exist in research on alcohol use and intimate partner aggression (IPA) among sexual minority women (SMW; eg, lesbian, bisexual). Dyadic research with SMW and their partners can illuminate how couple-level factors operate in conjunction with individual-level factors to shape well-being in this understudied and vulnerable population. Given the traditionally gendered lens with which women are primarily viewed as victims and men as perpetrators, understanding the dynamics of IPA in same-sex female couples can also advance research and practice related to IPA more generally. OBJECTIVE Guided by a recent extension of the minority stress model that includes relational (couple-level) sexual minority stress and the I-cubed theoretical perspective on IPA, we will collect individual and dyadic data to better characterize the links between hazardous drinking and IPA among SMW and their partners. First, this study aims to examine the associations among minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA in SMW and their partners. Minority stressors will be assessed as both individual and couple-level constructs, thus further extending the minority stress model. Second, we aim to examine potential mediators and moderators of the associations among minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA. Finally, we aim to test models guided by the I-cubed theoretical perspective that includes instigating (eg, relationship conflict), impelling (eg, negative affect and trait anger), and inhibiting (eg, relationship commitment and emotion regulation) or disinhibiting (eg, hazardous drinking) influences on IPA perpetration. METHODS This United States National Institutes of Health-funded project will draw from a large and diverse cohort of SMW currently enrolled in the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women (CHLEW) study-a 21-year longitudinal study of risk factors and consequences associated with SMW hazardous drinking. SMW currently enrolled in the CHLEW and their partners will be invited to participate in the CHLEW Couples Study. By analyzing dyadic data using actor-partner interdependence models, we will examine how each partner's minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA experiences are associated with both her own and her partner's minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA perpetration. RESULTS Data collection began in February 2021 and will likely continue through 2023. Initial results should be available by mid-2024. CONCLUSIONS The CHLEW Couples Study will fill important gaps in knowledge and provide the basis for future research aimed at clarifying the causal pathways linking hazardous drinking and IPA among SMW. This will support the development of culturally appropriate targeted individual and dyadic prevention and intervention strategies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/28080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy B Veldhuis
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren M Porsch
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Jacquelyn Campbell
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timothy P Johnson
- Department of Public Administration, University of Illinois - Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Allen J LeBlanc
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth E Leonard
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Melanie Wall
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Mariah Xu
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Ayhan Balik CH, Bilgin H. Experiences of Minority Stress and Intimate Partner Violence Among Homosexual Women in Turkey. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8984-9007. [PMID: 31328622 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519864371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognized as an important public health problem over the past two decades, and increased attention to violence in intimate relationships has been given to heterosexual couples. Although the vast majority of literature has determined the rate of IPV among lesbian, gay, bisexual couples, and relationship quality, few studies investigated how stress specific to living as a lesbian or bisexual woman might correlate with IPV in these relationships. For this reason, the purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the experiences of minority stress and IPV among homosexual women (n = 149) in Turkey. Data were collected using convenience and snowball sampling. Participants completed an interviewer-administered survey. Results indicated that victimization and perpetration of all the forms of IPV occur but the most prevalent was perpetration (66.4%) and victimization (63.1%) of psychological violence. The mean score of participants' total level of outness was found 4.78 ± 2.15 (0-10). Most participants (74.5%) reported being often exposed to discrimination in the public area and reported moderate level of internalized homophobia (2.72 ± 0.87). Participants' level of outness associated with psychological (Victimization r = .319, p = .00; Perpetration r = .421, p = .00), physical (Victimization r = .184, p = .025; Perpetration r = .209, p = .010), and sexual (Victimization r = .263, p = .001; Perpetration r = .372, p = .00) violence perpetration and victimization. It is also founded that there was relation between internalized homophobia level and sexual violence perpetration (r = .164, p = .045)/victimization (r = .189, p = .021). These findings demonstrate a need for health care staff to be aware of the prevalence of IPV and minority stress that affected this population. Mental health of homosexual individuals is under the risk due to minority stress and IPV experiences. Furthermore, this finding illustrated that need for additional empirical research improved interpersonal relationship among these women. Also, policies need to be developed to reduce the minority stress experienced by these individuals and provide integration with the society.
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Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Med 2021; 9:100433. [PMID: 34571326 PMCID: PMC8766270 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become a serious and widespread public health issue, which might result in low quality of life and increase the global burden of diseases. Aim To quantitatively estimate the pooled prevalence of IPV and its specific forms (physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence) among MSM. Methods Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG Data, and Weipu (CQVIP) Data were searched for identified studies published between January 1990 and August 2020. Random effect meta-analyses were used to synthesize the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs of IPV. Main Outcome Measures The pooled prevalence of IPV in victimization and in perpetration among MSM. Results A total of 52 studies with 32,048 participants were included for final analysis. The pooled prevalence of IPV was 33% (6,342 of 19,873; 95%CI, 28–39%) in victimization and 29% (1,491 of 5,983; 95%CI, 17 –40%) in perpetration across all recall periods among MSM population. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of physical violence was 17% (3,979 of 22,928; 95%CI, 14 –20%) and 12% (942 of 9,236; 95%CI, 10 –15%), of sexual violence was 9% (1,527 of 19,511; 95%CI, 8 –11%) and 4% (324 of 8,044; 95%CI, 3 –5%), of emotional violence was 33% (5,147 of 17,994; 95%CI, 25 –40%) and 41% (1,317 of 3,811; 95%CI, 17 –65%) in victimization and perpetration, respectively. Out of all the IPV identified, emotional violence was estimated at the highest level. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high prevalence of IPV both in victimization and perpetration among MSM, and emotional violence was estimated at the highest level out of all IPV forms. Efforts are needed to develop corresponding prevention programs for victims with an intent to increase the accessible availability of health services, and ultimately improve their life quality. Liu M., Cai X., Hao G. et al., Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Med 2021;9:100433.
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Zhu Y, Hou F, Chen C, Wei D, Peng L, You X, Gu J, Hao C, Hao Y, Li J. Moderating effect of self-efficacy on the association of intimate partner violence with risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in China. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:895. [PMID: 34470607 PMCID: PMC8408951 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) face a high risk of HIV infection. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common in this population and leads to various adverse consequences, including risky sexual behaviors, substance abuse, and poor mental health, which pose huge challenges to HIV prevention and control. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the lifetime prevalence of IPV and prevalence of risky sexual behaviors during the previous 6 months in a convenience sample of 578 MSM from 15 cities covering seven geographical divisions in mainland China. The associations between IPV and risky sexual behaviors and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on these associations were explored through univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results The prevalence rates of IPV perpetration and victimization were 32.5% and 32.7%, respectively. The proportions of participants who reported inconsistent condom use with regular or casual partners and multiple regular or casual sexual partners were 25.8%, 8.3%, 22.2%, and 37.4%, respectively. Multiple IPV experiences were positively associated with risky sexual behaviors; for example, any IPV victimization was positively associated with multiple regular partners, adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 1.54, 95% CI [1.02,2.32], and multiple casual partners, ORa = 1.93, 95% CI [1.33, 2.80]. Any IPV perpetration was positively associated with inconsistent condom use with regular partners, ORa = 1.58, 95% CI [1.04, 2.40], and multiple casual partners, ORa = 2.11, 95% CI [1.45, 3.06]. Self-efficacy was identified as a significant moderator of the association between multiple casual sexual partnership and emotional IPV. Conclusions In conclusion, given the high prevalence of both IPV and risky sexual behaviors among Chinese MSM in this study, the inclusion of self-efficacy in interventions targeting IPV and risky sexual behaviors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Department of Public Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dannuo Wei
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liping Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xinyi You
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China. .,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Harland KK, Peek-Asa C, Saftlas AF. Intimate Partner Violence and Controlling Behaviors Experienced by Emergency Department Patients: Differences by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identification. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP6125-NP6143. [PMID: 30465625 PMCID: PMC7034778 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518812070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in an emergency department (ED) by sexual orientation and gender identification. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult patients (n = 1,136) presenting to a Level I Trauma Center ED from November 2015 to November 2016. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of reporting any IPV or IPV subtypes (physical or sexual IPV or battering) by sexual orientation and gender identification, controlling for confounders. Overall, 11.6% (132 / 1,136) of those surveyed were IPV positive. The prevalence of IPV was significantly higher in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) patients than in heterosexuals (18.3% vs. 10.8%, p = .0151); prevalence was highest among bisexuals (21.6%) and gay men (18.5%). IPV prevalence did not differ significantly in females versus males (13.5% vs. 9.2%, p = .0872). After controlling for age, the odds of reporting any IPV was highest among females (aOR = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.10, 2.53]); no significant differences were found by sexual orientation. Gay patients (aOR = 5.50; 95% CI = [1.60, 18.94]) and females (aOR = 2.70; 95% CI = [1.46, 9.99]) had significantly higher odds of reporting physical or sexual IPV than heterosexuals and males, respectively. The study is among the first to report IPV prevalence by sexual orientation in an ED patient population. The reported IPV was higher among LGBTQ patients than heterosexual patients although this relationship diminished when controlling for covariates. These data begin to define the scope of IPV among LGBTQ ED patients and may be used to inform brief interventions to reduce the IPV-related morbidity experienced by ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa K. Harland
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health & Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Audrey F. Saftlas
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iowa City, IA
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Sharma A, Kahle E, Sullivan S, Stephenson R. Sexual Agreements and Intimate Partner Violence Among Male Couples in the U.S.: An Analysis of Dyadic Data. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1087-1105. [PMID: 32705389 PMCID: PMC7855288 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Prior research with male couples has focused on how sexual agreements can influence relationship dynamics, sexual risk taking, and health promoting behaviors. Little is known about the association between sexual agreements and the experience or perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) in this population. Our study sought to evaluate these associations using dyadic data from a sample of 386 male couples residing in the U.S. Both partners independently reported on their relationship characteristics, sexual agreements, and specific acts reflecting physical, emotional, controlling, and monitoring IPV in separate surveys. Participants were more likely to have experienced IPV in the past year if they were in a relationship for ≥ 3 years versus < 3 years (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.03-2.53). Among 278 couples who had formulated sexual agreements, men who concurred with their partners on being in an "open" relationship were less likely to have experienced IPV versus those in a "closed" relationship (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.89). However, participants were more likely to have experienced IPV if their partners believed they had previously broken their sexual agreement (aOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.03-7.52). The verbal explicitness and duration of sexual agreements were not associated with either experiencing or perpetrating IPV in the past year. However, increasing levels of depressive symptomatology were associated with a greater likelihood of both experiencing and perpetrating IPV. Our findings highlight the need to prioritize dyadic interventions for male couples that focus on skills building around enhancing mutual communication and negotiating sexual agreements to reduce IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sharma
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Erin Kahle
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen Sullivan
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Antebi-Gruszka N, Scheer JR. Associations Between Trauma-Informed Care Components and Multiple Health and Psychosocial Risks Among LGBTQ Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING 2021; 43:139-156. [PMID: 34092983 PMCID: PMC8174812 DOI: 10.17744/mehc.43.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and resulting negative health consequences compared to cisgender heterosexual individuals. This study builds on prior recent work by examining specific trauma-informed care (TIC) components most associated with a comprehensive set of health and psychosocial risks among 298 LGBTQ IPV survivors who sought and accessed trauma-related services (e.g., mental health counseling). Results indicated that TIC components are differentially associated with LGBTQ clients' health and well-being. Specifically, greater perceptions of providers who fostered agency and mutual respect were associated with better outcomes, whereas greater perceptions of providers who focused on culture and increasing opportunities to connect with other survivors were related to negative outcomes. These findings underscore the need for providers to prioritize LGBTQ clients' sense of agency and mutual respect and identify for whom focusing on culture and connecting with other LGBTQ survivors might be beneficial.
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Quinn KG, Spector A, Takahashi L, Voisin DR. Conceptualizing the Effects of Continuous Traumatic Violence on HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:758-772. [PMID: 32944841 PMCID: PMC7886964 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The United States (US) is on track to achieve the 90-90-90 targets set forth by UNAIDS and the National HIV/AIDS strategy, yet significant racial disparities in HIV care outcomes remain, particularly for young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Research has demonstrated that various types of violence are key aspects of syndemics that contribute to disparities in HIV risk. However, little research has looked collectively at cumulative violent experiences and how those might affect HIV treatment and care outcomes. Drawing on extant literature and theoretical underpinnings of syndemics, we provide a conceptual model that highlights how continuous traumatic violence experienced by YBMSM may affect HIV outcomes and contribute to racial disparities in HIV outcomes. The findings of this focused review suggest a need for research on how continuous exposure to various types of violence influence HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for young Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Antoinette Spector
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health Equity, Milwaukee, USA
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Reynolds GL, Fisher DG. The Role of the Medicaid Expansion in the Use of Preventive Health Care Services in California Men. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320903193. [PMID: 31997707 PMCID: PMC6993173 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320903193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Men’s use of preventive care services may be constrained due to a number of factors including lack of health care insurance. California used the Medicaid expansion provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to enroll low-income men between the ages of 18 and 64 years in publicly funded health insurance. Most studies on the effect of the ACA on health care services have focused on racial/ethnic differences rather than gender. Data from the California Health Interview Survey for the 2015–2016 survey period were used to model the use of preventive health care services in the year prior to interview. Population weights were used in the analysis which was done using PROC SURVEY LOGISTIC in SAS software, version 9.4. The sample consisted of men between the ages of 18 and 64 years (N = 6,180). Of these 66% (n = 4,088) reporting receiving any preventive care services in the year prior to interview. The largest proportions of respondents fell into the youngest group aged 18–25 (17%) followed by the oldest group aged 60–64 (16.9%); 43% reported they were married, 57% had incomes at greater than 300% of the federal poverty level. There was no effect of race or ethnicity on receiving preventive care services. Having a chronic condition such as hypertension or diabetes was associated with a greater odds of receiving preventive care. Expanding Medicaid to include low-income men below the age of 65 is associated with increased use of preventive health care, especially among those with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Reynolds
- Department of Health Care Administration, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.,Center for Behavioral Research & Services, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Dennis G Fisher
- Center for Behavioral Research & Services, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
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Martin-Storey A, Fromme K. Mediating Factors Explaining the Association Between Sexual Minority Status and Dating Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:132-159. [PMID: 29294889 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517726971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence presents a serious threat for individual health and well-being. A growing body of literature suggests that starting in adolescence, individuals with sexual minority identities (e.g., individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual) may be at an increased risk for dating violence compared with heterosexuals. Research has not, however, identified the mechanisms that explain this vulnerability. Using a diverse sample of young adults (n = 2,474), the current study explored how minority stress theory, revictimization theory, sex of sexual partners, and risky sexual behavior explained differences in dating violence between sexual minority and heterosexual young adults. Initial analyses suggested higher rates of dating violence among individuals who identified as bisexual, and individuals who identified as gay or lesbian when compared with heterosexuals, and further found that these associations failed to differ across gender. When mediating and control variables were included in the analyses, however, the association between both sexual minority identities and higher levels of dating violence became nonsignificant. Of particular interest was the role of discrimination, which mediated the association between bisexual identity and dating violence. Other factors, including sex and number of sexual partners, alcohol use, and childhood maltreatment, were associated with higher rates of dating violence but did not significantly explain vulnerability among sexual minority individuals compared with their heterosexual peers. These findings suggest the importance of minority stress theory in explaining vulnerability to dating violence victimization among bisexuals in particular, and generally support the importance of sexual-minority specific variables in understanding risk for dating violence within this vulnerable population.
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Flores AR, Langton L, Meyer IH, Romero AP. Victimization rates and traits of sexual and gender minorities in the United States: Results from the National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/40/eaba6910. [PMID: 33008905 PMCID: PMC7852385 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Do sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) in the United States encounter disproportionate rates of victimization as compared with their cisgender, heterosexual counterparts? Answering this question has proved elusive because nationally representative victimization data have not included victims' sexual orientation or gender identity. The National Crime Victimization Survey, the nation's primary source of representative information on criminal victimization, began documenting sexual orientation and gender identity in 2016 and released data publicly for the first time in 2019. We find SGMs disproportionately are victims across a variety of crimes. The rate of violent victimization for SGMs is 71.1 victimizations per 1000 people compared with 19.2 victimizations per 1000 people for those who are not SGMs. SGMs are 2.7 times more likely to be a victim of violent crime than non-SGMs. These findings raise the importance of further considering sexual orientation and gender identity in victimization and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Flores
- Department of Government, School of Public Affairs, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Ilan H Meyer
- The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam P Romero
- The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Towler A, Eivers A, Frey R. Warning Signs of Partner Abuse in Intimate Relationships: Gender Differences in Young Adults' Perceptions of Seriousness. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:1779-1802. [PMID: 29294689 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517696869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to the high rates of intimate partner abuse (IPA) among young adults and related negative health effects, this study examined 18- to 26-year-old Australians' perceptions of unhealthy partner behaviors that may constitute early warning signs of abuse in intimate relationships. This research is the first to examine gender differences on this issue in a young adult population. A convenience sample of 49 males and 152 females (N = 201) completed an online survey, rating how seriously they viewed a list of partner warning sign behaviors (WSBs). WSBs consisted of three subscales: Dominance-Possessiveness, Denigration, and Conflict-Retaliation. Participants' perceived seriousness of WSBs was analyzed by gender and WSB type. Results revealed large and significant gender differences in perceptions of WSBs, with females likely to rate all WSBs more seriously than males. Furthermore, females' responses were negatively skewed and leptokurtotic indicating high levels of convergence in the view that such behaviors are a concern. Analysis by WSB type revealed that conflict-retaliation behaviors were perceived most seriously by both genders, with more than half of males and 67% of females rating these as very serious. In contrast, significantly lower levels of perceived seriousness were observed for denigration and dominance-possessiveness behaviors. Half to two thirds of females viewed dominance-possessiveness and denigration WSBs as very serious, respectively, whereas just one third of males endorsed both these WSB types as very serious. Findings reveal that females have a heightened awareness of the subtle warning signs of abuse in intimate relationships and that as partner WSBs become more overt, both genders are more likely to recognize them as serious. Findings also indicate that subtler WSBs, such as control and denigration, are less readily identified as unhealthy, particularly among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Towler
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Areana Eivers
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Ron Frey
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
- Talera Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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Scheer JR, Harney P, Esposito J, Woulfe JM. Self-Reported Mental and Physical Health Symptoms and Potentially Traumatic Events Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Individuals: The Role of Shame. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2020; 10:131-142. [PMID: 33062388 PMCID: PMC7556696 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals disproportionately face exposure to potentially traumatic events-adverse experiences that may have a traumatizing effect-and experience shame as a common consequence. Previous research demonstrates associations between shame and psychological and physical health issues among those with exposure to potentially traumatic events in general, with limited attention among LGBTQ individuals specifically. This study determined whether shame partially mediated the relationship between potentially traumatic events exposure and self-reported mental and physical health symptoms among LGBTQ individuals. METHOD Participants were 218 self-identified LGBTQ individuals who reported experiencing at least one potentially traumatic event (e.g., childhood sexual abuse). Online surveys assessed the type and frequency of potentially traumatic events exposure, shame, self-reported mental health (depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and substance use), and physical health symptoms (sexual risk behavior, somatic symptoms, and chronic health conditions). RESULTS Greater potentially traumatic events exposure was associated with greater shame, and greater shame was associated with worse self-reported mental and physical health. Potentially traumatic events exposure had a direct effect on self-reported mental and physical health, and shame partially mediated this relationship. CONCLUSION Shame represents an important and modifiable factor that relates to poor health and may be amenable to change through psychosocial interventions. Given the prevalence of negative self-attribution stemming from potentially traumatic events exposure, in addition to the internalization of stigma among this population, practitioners need to uncover interventions specifically targeting shame when working with LGBTQ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Esposito
- Brooklyn Campus of the Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
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Chen J, Walters ML, Gilbert LK, Patel N. Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence by Sexual Orientation, United States. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2020; 10:110-119. [PMID: 32064141 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence (IPV) across sexual orientation groups among U.S. adults. METHOD From 2010 to 2012, national probability samples (n = 41,174) of English- or Spanish-speaking noninstitutionalized U.S. adults were interviewed to assess the prevalence of violence and injury as part of the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey. National estimates across sexual orientation groups were compared. RESULTS Compared with heterosexual women, both bisexual women and lesbians experienced more contact sexual violence (CSV) and noncontact unwanted sexual violence by any perpetrator. In addition, bisexual women experienced more stalking by any perpetrator, IPV, and IPV-related impact than did heterosexual women. Compared with lesbians, bisexual women reported more CSV and stalking by any perpetrator, IPV, and IPV-related impact. Compared with heterosexual men, both bisexual and gay men experienced more CSV and noncontact unwanted sexual violence, and gay men experienced more stalking. Although there were no detected statistically significant differences in the prevalence of IPV overall, gay men did report more IPV-related impacts compared with heterosexual men. CONCLUSION Results reveal a significantly elevated burden of violence experienced by certain sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Chen
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mikel L Walters
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leah K Gilbert
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nimesh Patel
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Solomon DT, Combs EM, Allen K, Roles S, DiCarlo S, Reed O, Klaver SJ. The impact of minority stress and gender identity on PTSD outcomes in sexual minority survivors of interpersonal trauma. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2019.1690033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Solomon
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | | | - Kaylie Allen
- Saint Louis Behavioral Medicine Institute, Center for OCD and Anxiety-Related Disorders, Gender Affirming Program, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara Roles
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Sabrina DiCarlo
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Oak Reed
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Samantha J. Klaver
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
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Using Machine Learning to Uncover Hidden Heterogeneities in Survey Data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16061. [PMID: 31690743 PMCID: PMC6831673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Survey responses in public health surveys are heterogeneous. The quality of a respondent’s answers depends on many factors, including cognitive abilities, interview context, and whether the interview is in person or self-administered. A largely unexplored issue is how the language used for public health survey interviews is associated with the survey response. We introduce a machine learning approach, Fuzzy Forests, which we use for model selection. We use the 2013 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) as our training sample and the 2014 CHIS as the test sample. We found that non-English language survey responses differ substantially from English responses in reported health outcomes. We also found heterogeneity among the Asian languages suggesting that caution should be used when interpreting results that compare across these languages. The 2013 Fuzzy Forests model also correctly predicted 86% of good health outcomes using 2014 data as the test set. We show that the Fuzzy Forests methodology is potentially useful for screening for and understanding other types of survey response heterogeneity. This is especially true in high-dimensional and complex surveys.
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Flanders CE, Anderson RE, Tarasoff LA, Robinson M. Bisexual Stigma, Sexual Violence, and Sexual Health Among Bisexual and Other Plurisexual Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:1115-1127. [PMID: 30632801 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1563042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisexual women experience higher rates of sexual victimization relative to heterosexual and lesbian women, and worse sexual health outcomes. Though these health disparities are well documented in the literature, few empirical data have been published on what factors are driving these disparities. Further, research documenting sexual victimization and health of plurisexual (i.e., attracted to more than one gender) women group all participants as bisexual. We do not know whether these experiences are similar across subgroups of plurisexual women. The current study reports on data from a cross-sectional survey, analyzing the relationships between bisexual-specific stigma and sexual violence, as well as other sexual health outcomes, across a sexually diverse group of plurisexual participants. Findings indicate that bisexual stigma is a significant predictor of lifetime sexual violence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99, p = .015) and verbal coercion (OR = 2.60, p = .004), but not other outcomes. There are differences across sexual identity categories, with bisexual participants being less likely to report sexual violence and verbal coercion, and less likely to access sexually transmitted infection/human immunodeficiency syndrome testing, compared to other plurisexual groups. Our findings support that bisexual stigma is an important factor to consider in understanding sexual violence disparities experienced by bisexual and other plurisexual women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margaret Robinson
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University
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Braham J, Skakoon-Sparling S, Kilimnik C, Milhausen R. Intimate partner violence history and its association with condom use negotiation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Badenes-Ribera L, Sánchez-Meca J, Longobardi C. The Relationship Between Internalized Homophobia and Intimate Partner Violence in Same-Sex Relationships: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:331-343. [PMID: 29333955 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017708781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between internalized homophobia and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization in same-sex relationships. The literature search and the application of the inclusion criteria made it possible to identify 10 studies, 2 of which were excluded due to missing data. Therefore, eight studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results showed positive and statistically significant associations between internalized homophobia and IPV perpetration and victimization, indicating that higher levels of internalized homophobia were related to higher levels of IPV. Specifically, the pooled effect size for the relationship between internalized homophobia and IPV perpetration (all forms), it was r+ = .147, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.079, .214]; for the association between internalized homophobia and physical/sexual IPV perpetration, it was r+ = .166, 95% CI [.109, .221]; p < .0001; for the relationship between internalized homophobia and psychological IPV perpetration, it was r+ = .145, 95% CI [.073, .216]; and for the association between internalized homophobia and any type of IPV victimization, it was r+ = .102, 95% CI [.030, .173]. Implications of these results for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Badenes-Ribera
- 1 Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Sutter ME, Rabinovitch AE, Trujillo MA, Perrin PB, Goldberg LD, Coston BM, Calton JM. Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Women: A Latent Class Analysis. Violence Against Women 2019; 25:572-592. [PMID: 30156124 PMCID: PMC8371930 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218794307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explored patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration in 150 sexual minority women (SMW): 25.3% had been sexually victimized, 34% physically victimized, 76% psychologically victimized, and 29.3% suffered an IPV-related injury. A latent class analysis found four behavioral patterns: (1) minor-only psychological perpetration and victimization; (2) no IPV; (3) minor-severe psychological, physical assault, and injury victimization, and minor-only psychological, physical, and injury perpetration; and (4) severe psychological, sexual, physical assault, and injury victimization and perpetration. Individuals who experienced and/or perpetrated all types experienced the greatest heterosexism at work, school, and in other contexts.
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Charak R, Villarreal L, Schmitz RM, Hirai M, Ford JD. Patterns of childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence, emotion dysregulation, and mental health symptoms among lesbian, gay, and bisexual emerging adults: A three-step latent class approach. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 89:99-110. [PMID: 30654290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and intimate partner violence victimization (IPV) is prevalent among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals (LGB). Identification of distinct patterns of childhood and adult victimization, including technology-mediated and face-to-face IPV, and their cumulative relations to mental/behavioral health challenges, among LGB people is needed to facilitate identification of at-risk individuals. OBJECTIVE Using latent class analysis, we first sought to identify patterns of lifetime interpersonal victimization, primarily five types of CAN and IPV in LGB emerging adults. Second, we examined if LGB-status and race/ethnicity predicted class-membership; third, we assessed differences between the latent classes on emotion dysregulation, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and alcohol use. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 288 LGB adults between 18-29 years (M = 25.35, SD = 2.76; 41.7% gay/lesbian) recruited via Amazon MTurk. METHODS AND RESULTS The 3-step LCA identified five-latent classes: high victimization, childhood emotional abuse and neglect, cybervictimization, adult face-to-face IPV, and lower victimization. People of color (including Hispanics) were more likely to be in the high victimization class, and bisexual individuals, especially bisexual women, in the childhood emotional abuse and neglect class. High victimization and childhood emotional abuse and neglect classes had elevated emotion dysregulation levels and depression and anxiety symptoms, and the high victimization class reported the highest levels of alcohol use. CONCLUSION Findings suggest a detrimental effect of cumulative interpersonal victimization on emotion dysregulation and the mental/behavioral health of LGB emerging adults, with bisexuals and LGB-people of color at heightened risk of cumulative victimization and of related mental/behavioral health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America.
| | - Lillianne Villarreal
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Rachel M Schmitz
- Department of Sociology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Michiyo Hirai
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Julian D Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, United States of America
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Scheer JR, Woulfe JM, Goodman LA. Psychometric validation of the identity abuse scale among LGBTQ individuals. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:371-384. [PMID: 30207588 PMCID: PMC6543831 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Identity abuse (IA) comprises a set of abuse tactics that exploit discriminatory systems including homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia (Tesch & Berkerian, 2015). This study examined the factorial validity of the IA Scale (Woulfe & Goodman, 2018) with a large independent sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals. Participants included 1,049 LGBTQ-identified participants (Mage = 27.3, 71.9% White, 52.6% cisgender women, and 18.7% as other nonheterosexual identity in their sexual orientation), recruited through listservs. Participants completed an online survey measuring past-year and adult exposure to identity, physical, and psychological abuse. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the measurement model had good fit to the data, and strong factor loadings were found across the seven items, confirming a unidimensional factor structure. Findings demonstrate the IA Scale's validity and reliability, supporting its use to assess the frequency of IA tactics experienced within intimate partnerships among LGBTQ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Scheer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS at Yale University
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46
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Mericle AA, Carrico AW, Hemberg J, Stall R, Polcin DL. Improving Recovery Outcomes among MSM: The Potential Role of Recovery Housing. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018; 24:140-146. [PMID: 31213946 PMCID: PMC6581465 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1523966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) face unique recovery challenges. Recovery housing may play an important role in improving outcomes among MSM, but little is known about their experiences in these settings. METHODS This study examined 3-month outcomes among MSM (N=22) living in a group of recovery residences in Texas, one of which is a home specifically designated for gay and bisexual men. Upon intake, adult MSM were recruited to participate in the study, which involved a baseline and 3-month phone interview and allowing study staff to access records maintained by the program about their stay. RESULTS At follow-up, only two (9.1%) reported used of any substances in the past 30 days. The vast majority (73%) had attended outpatient substance use treatment in the past three months, and 86% reported working for pay during the past 30 days. All participants reported attending four or more 12-step meetings in the past 30 days. Use of dysfunctional coping strategies significantly decreased, however so did scores on health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS MSM have complex treatment needs. Recovery housing may help improve outcomes among MSM by bridging formal substance use treatment with community-based recovery support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Mericle
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordana Hemberg
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Stall
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas L Polcin
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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47
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Kubicek K. Setting an Agenda to Address Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Conceptual Model and Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2018; 19:473-487. [PMID: 27756778 DOI: 10.1177/1524838016673599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Research investigating intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexual minorities is limited. The research that does exist has found that rates of IPV are similar to or higher than the rates found for heterosexual women, the most commonly studied population in this area. This limited research has resulted in a dearth of prevention/intervention programs targeted for these populations. While some may argue that existing IPV programs can be used for these populations, this review presents an argument for more targeted work with sexual minority populations, using young men who have sex with men (YMSM) as an example. Drawing on the framework of intersectionality, this article argues that the intersectionality of age, sexual identity, and gender combines to create a spectrum of unique factors that require specific attention. This framework allows for the identification of known correlates for IPV as well as factors that may be unique to YMSM or other sexual minority populations. The article presents a conceptual model that suggests new areas of research as well as a foundation for the topics and issues that should be addressed in an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Kubicek
- 1 Community, Health Outcomes and Intervention Research Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lewis RJ, Winstead BA, Braitman AL, Hitson P. Discrepant Drinking and Partner Violence Perpetration Over Time in Lesbians' Relationships. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:1149-1165. [PMID: 30037320 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Discrepant drinking (i.e., differences in alcohol use) and perpetration of intimate partner violence in same-sex female couples were examined. Self-identified lesbian participants were recruited from market research firms and reported on their own and their partner's alcohol use and their own perpetration of psychological aggression and physical violence at baseline, then 6 and 12 months later. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that discrepant drinking predicted participants' subsequent perpetration of psychological aggression but not physical violence. Both psychological aggression and physical aggression predicted subsequent discrepant drinking. Consistent with findings in heterosexual couples, differences in alcohol use appear to be a risk factor for relationship aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Lewis
- 1 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,2 Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Barbara A Winstead
- 1 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,2 Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Phoebe Hitson
- 2 Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Shipherd JC, Ruben MA, Livingston NA, Curreri A, Skolnik AA. Treatment experiences among LGBT veterans with discrimination-based trauma exposure: A pilot study. J Trauma Dissociation 2018; 19:461-475. [PMID: 29601292 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2018.1451973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Past research suggests that rates of trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are elevated among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) veterans compared to heterosexual and cisgender veterans. Given higher rates of trauma exposure and PTSD, and the culture associated with the Department of Defense's history of policies excluding LGBT people, it is important to understand if LGBT veterans are seeking PTSD treatment following discrimination-based traumatic events, where they seek care, and if they are satisfied with treatment. This study aimed to describe the experiences of discrimination-based trauma-exposed LGBT veterans' (n = 47) experiences with PTSD treatment, including location of treatment (Veterans Health Administration [VHA] versus non-VHA) and satisfaction with care. The majority of veterans had received a PTSD diagnosis from a health-care provider in their lifetimes (78.72%, n = 37), and over half reported currently experiencing PTSD symptoms. Approximately 47% of LGBT veterans with discrimination-based trauma histories preferred to seek PTSD treatment exclusively at VHA (46.81%) or with a combination of VHA and non-VHA services (38.30%). Veterans who received PTSD treatment exclusively from VHA reported higher satisfaction ratings (7.44 on 0-9 scale) than veterans who received PTSD treatment exclusively from outside VHA (5.25 on 0-9 scale). For veterans who sought PTSD treatment at both VHA and non-VHA facilities, there were no significant differences regarding satisfaction ratings for their PTSD treatment in the two settings. Results are discussed in terms of VHA's continued efforts to establish equitable, patient-centered health care for all veterans and the importance of non-VHA facilities to recognize veteran identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Shipherd
- a Department of Veterans Affairs , LGBT Health Program, Office of Patient Care Services , Washington , DC , USA.,b Women's Health Sciences Division , National Center for PTSD , Boston , MA , USA.,c Psychology Service , VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.,d Department of Psychiatry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Mollie A Ruben
- e School of Arts and Sciences , Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University , Boston , MA , USA.,f US Department of Veterans Affairs , Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System and Bedford VA Medical Center, Boston and Bedford , MA , USA
| | - Nicholas A Livingston
- c Psychology Service , VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.,d Department of Psychiatry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,g Department of Psychology , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Andrew Curreri
- b Women's Health Sciences Division , National Center for PTSD , Boston , MA , USA.,c Psychology Service , VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.,h Boston VA Research Institute, Inc ., Boston , MA , USA
| | - Avy A Skolnik
- f US Department of Veterans Affairs , Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System and Bedford VA Medical Center, Boston and Bedford , MA , USA.,i Department of Health Law, Policy and Management , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
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Wathen CN, MacGregor JCD, Tanaka M, MacQuarrie BJ. The impact of intimate partner violence on the health and work of gender and sexual minorities in Canada. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:945-955. [PMID: 29868929 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intimate partner violence (IPV) has significant impacts on workers and workplaces. This paper examines the experiences of gender and sexual minority (GSM) people in this context. METHODS People aged 15 and older completed an online survey on the impacts of IPV at work, and brief health and life quality questions. Of 7918 respondents, 8.5% (n = 672) indicated GSM status. We examined IPV exposure, health and IPV-related work impacts by overall GSM status, and separately by sexual orientation, and gender. RESULTS GSM respondents were significantly more likely to report IPV and that the IPV continued at or near their workplace, impeded their ability to get to work, negatively impacted their work performance, and their co-workers; they also reported poorer mental health and life quality. While women were significantly more likely to report IPV and various negative work and health outcomes, being a sexual minority had additional independent negative effects. No differences in willingness to disclose IPV were found. CONCLUSIONS Workplace responses to IPV should account for the additional impacts and barriers faced by GSM people in disclosing abuse and seeking help.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nadine Wathen
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, FIMS-Nursing Building, Room 4049, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
- PreVAiL Research Network, London, Canada.
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Canada.
| | - Jennifer C D MacGregor
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, FIMS-Nursing Building, Room 4049, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
- PreVAiL Research Network, London, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Canada
| | - Masako Tanaka
- PreVAiL Research Network, London, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Barbara J MacQuarrie
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, FIMS-Nursing Building, Room 4049, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, London, Canada
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