1
|
Calcaterra V, Cena H, Loperfido F, Rossi V, Grazi R, Quatrale A, De Giuseppe R, Manuelli M, Zuccotti G. Evaluating Phthalates and Bisphenol in Foods: Risks for Precocious Puberty and Early-Onset Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2732. [PMID: 39203868 PMCID: PMC11357315 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific results indicate that diet is the primary source of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their use in food processing, pesticides, fertilizers, and migration from packaging to food, particularly in plastic or canned foods. Although EDCs are not listed on nutrition labels, their migration from packaging to food could inadvertently lead to food contamination, affecting individuals by inhalation, ingestion, and direct contact. The aim of our narrative review is to investigate the role of phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) in foods, assessing their risks for precocious puberty (PP) and early-onset obesity, which are two clinical entities that are often associated and that share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The diverse outcomes observed across different studies highlight the complexity of phthalates and BPA effects on the human body, both in terms of early puberty, particularly in girls, and obesity with its metabolic disruptions. Moreover, obesity, which is independently linked to early puberty, might confound the relationship between exposure to these EDCs and pubertal timing. Given the potential public health implications, it is crucial to adopt a precautionary approach, minimizing exposure to these EDCs, especially in vulnerable populations such as children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (F.L.); (R.D.G.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Federica Loperfido
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (F.L.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Antonia Quatrale
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (F.L.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Matteo Manuelli
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vu Huynh QT, Ban HT, Vuong NL, Khanh NP. The relationship between bisphenol A and phthalates with precocious puberty in Vietnamese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:644-651. [PMID: 38829694 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2024-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to explore the correlation between bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, including diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and dibutylphthalate (DBP), and precocious puberty (PP). METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from November 2021 to April 2022, involving 250 children, with 124 of them diagnosed with PP and 126 serving as controls. We assessed the levels of urinary BPA, DEHP, and DBP in all participants and examined their association with the risk of PP. RESULTS BPA was detected in 11.3 % of PP cases but was not found in any individuals in the control group (p<0.001). Diethylhexylphthalate metabolite (MEHP) was not detected in any of the samples. Positive urinary results for dibutylphthalate metabolite (MBP) were observed in 8.1 % of PP cases and 2.4 % in the control group, with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95 % confidence interval: 0.97-13.4, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The PP group exhibited a higher prevalence of positive urinary BPA and DBP levels compared to the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Thi Vu Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, 249295 University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nephrology and Endocrinology Department, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho Tran Ban
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, 249295 University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Lam Vuong
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Public Health, 249295 University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yesildemir O, Akdevelioglu Y, Duyan Camurdan A, Cuhaci Cakir B, Erdemli Kose SB, Arca Cakir D, Yirun A, Balci Ozyurt A, Sabuncuoglu S, Erkekoglu P. Estimated exposure to bisphenol A in breastfed and breastfed plus formula-fed infants in Turkey: a comparison study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:253-263. [PMID: 36571147 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2160456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate and compare dietary exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in exclusively breastfed (EBF) and breastfed plus formula-fed (BF + FF) infants. A total of 70 mothers and their 0-6 month-old infants (40 in the EBF group and 30 in BF + FF group) were included in the study. After the questionnaire form was applied to the mothers, maternal breast milk, infant formula, and infant urine were collected from mother-infant dyads. Total BPA levels in breast milk, infant formula, and infant urine samples were analyzed by the high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). While BPA was detected in 92.5% of the breast milk samples in the EBF group (mean ± SD = 0.59 ± 0.29 ng/mL), BPA was detected in all of the breast milk samples in the BF + FF group (mean ± SD= 0.72 ± 0.37 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). Similarly, 100% of the infant formula samples in the BF + FF group had detectable levels of BPA (mean ± SD = 7.54 ± 1.77 ng/g formula). The mean urinary BPA levels in the EBF infants (4.33 ± 1.89 µg/g creatinine) were not statistically different from the BF + FF infants (5.81 ± 0.11 µg/g creatinine) (p > 0.05). The average daily BPA intake in EBF infants (0.18 ± 0.13 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day) was found to be significantly higher than in BF + FF infants (0.12 ± 0.09 µg/kg bw/day) (p < 0.05). The estimated dietary intakes of BPA for infants in both groups were below the temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) (4 µg/kg bw/day). Consequently, BPA intake of EBF and BF + FF infants were within safe daily limits during the first six months of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akdevelioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysu Duyan Camurdan
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Cuhaci Cakir
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz Arca Cakir
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anil Yirun
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Balci Ozyurt
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peralta M, Lizcano F. Endocrine Disruptors and Metabolic Changes: Impact on Puberty Control. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:384-397. [PMID: 38185329 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the significant impact of environmental chemicals on disease development, focusing on their role in developing metabolic and endocrine diseases. The objective is to understand how these chemicals contribute to the increasing prevalence of precocious puberty, considering various factors, including epigenetic changes, lifestyle, and emotional disturbances. METHODS The study employs a comprehensive review of descriptive observational studies in both human and animal models to identify a degree of causality between exposure to environmental chemicals and disease development, specifically focusing on endocrine disruption. Due to ethical constraints, direct causation studies in human subjects are not feasible; therefore, the research relies on accumulated observational data. RESULTS Puberty is a crucial life period with marked physiological and psychological changes. The age at which sexual characteristics develop is changing in many regions. The findings indicate a correlation between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the early onset of puberty. These chemicals have been shown to interfere with normal hormonal processes, particularly during critical developmental stages such as adolescence. The research also highlights the interaction of these chemical exposures with other factors, including nutritional history, social and lifestyle changes, and emotional stress, which together contribute to the prevalence of precocious puberty. CONCLUSION Environmental chemicals significantly contribute to the development of certain metabolic and endocrine diseases, particularly in the rising incidence of precocious puberty. Although the evidence is mainly observational, it adequately justifies regulatory actions to reduce exposure risks. Furthermore, these findings highlight the urgent need for more research on the epigenetic effects of these chemicals and their wider impact on human health, especially during vital developmental periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Peralta
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana, CIBUS, Chía, Colombia
| | - Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana, CIBUS, Chía, Colombia; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Fundación CardioInfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leung AKC, Lam JM, Hon KL. Premature Thelarche: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:500-509. [PMID: 37496240 DOI: 10.2174/1573396320666230726110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature thelarche is the most common pubertal disorder in girls. The condition should be differentiated from central precocious puberty which may result in early epiphyseal fusion and reduced adult height, necessitating treatment. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations of premature thelarche and laboratory tests that may help distinguish premature thelarche from central precocious puberty. METHODS A search was conducted in September 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "Premature thelarche". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used to compile the present article. RESULTS Premature thelarche denotes isolated breast development before the age of 8 years in girls who do not manifest other signs of pubertal development. The condition is especially prevalent during the first two years of life. The majority of cases of premature thelarche are idiopathic. The condition may result from an unsuppressed hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the early years of life, an "overactivation" of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in early childhood secondary to altered sensitivity to steroids of the hypothalamic receptors controlling sexual maturation, increased circulating free estradiol, increased sensitivity of breast tissue to estrogens, and exposure to exogenous estrogens. The cardinal feature of premature thelarche is breast development which occurs without additional signs of pubertal development in girls under 8 years of age. The enlargement may involve only one breast, both breasts asymmetrically, or both breasts symmetrically. The breast size may fluctuate cyclically. The enlarged breast tissue may be transiently tender. There should be no significant changes in the nipples or areolae and no pubic or axillary hair. The vulva, labia majora, labia minora, and vagina remain prepubertal. Affected girls have a childlike body habitus and do not have mature contours. They are of average height and weight. Growth and osseous maturation, the onset of puberty and menarche, and the pattern of adolescent sexual development remain normal. Most cases of premature thelarche can be diagnosed on clinical grounds. Laboratory tests are seldom indicated. No single test can reliably differentiate premature thelarche from precocious puberty. CONCLUSION Premature thelarche is benign, and no therapy is necessary apart from parental reassurance. As enlargement of breasts may be the first sign of central precocious puberty, a prolonged follow- up period every 3 to 6 months with close monitoring of other pubertal events and linear growth is indicated in all instances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kam L Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bigambo FM, Wang D, Sun J, Ding X, Li X, Gao B, Wu D, Gu W, Zhang M, Wang X. Association between Urinary BPA Substitutes and Precocious Puberty among Girls: A Single-Exposure and Mixed Exposure Approach from a Chinese Case-Control Study. TOXICS 2023; 11:905. [PMID: 37999557 PMCID: PMC10675366 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
There is an argument that BPA substitutes may have the same or more deleterious health effects as BPA due to their structural similarity. This study explored the association between urinary BPA substitutes and precocious puberty among girls by including 120 girls with precocious puberty (cases) aged 2-10 years enrolled at Nanjing Children's Hospital Department of Endocrinology in China between April 2021 to September 2021 and 145 healthy girls (controls) recruited from a primary school. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of single exposures, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation were used for the mixed effect. In the multivariate logistic regression, BPS (bisphenol S), TBBPA (tetrabromobisphenol A), and BPFL (bisphenol-FL) were significantly associated with increased risk of precocious puberty (odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 2.76, p = 0.014), (OR = 1.46, CI: 1.06, 2.05; p = 0.023), and (OR = 1.47, CI: 1.01, 2.18; p = 0.047), respectively. The BMKR and quantile-based g-computation models revealed consistent associations for single exposures and there was insufficient evidence for the associations of the mixed exposure of bisphenols with precocious puberty. In conclusion, BPA substitutes such as BPS, TBBPA, and BPFL may be associated with an increased risk of precocious puberty in girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Manyori Bigambo
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.M.B.); (D.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.M.B.); (D.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Emergency, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China;
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.D.); (X.L.); (B.G.); (D.W.)
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.D.); (X.L.); (B.G.); (D.W.)
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.D.); (X.L.); (B.G.); (D.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.D.); (X.L.); (B.G.); (D.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.M.B.); (D.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.D.); (X.L.); (B.G.); (D.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.M.B.); (D.W.); (W.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
González-Casanova JE, Bermúdez V, Caro Fuentes NJ, Angarita LC, Caicedo NH, Rivas Muñoz J, Rojas-Gómez DM. New Evidence on BPA's Role in Adipose Tissue Development of Proinflammatory Processes and Its Relationship with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098231. [PMID: 37175934 PMCID: PMC10179730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenobiotic with endocrine disruptor properties which interacts with various receptors, eliciting a cellular response. In the plastic industry, BPA is widely used in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy-phenolic resins to provide elastic properties. It can be found in the lining of canned foods, certain plastic containers, thermal printing papers, composite dental fillings, and medical devices, among other things. Therefore, it is a compound that, directly or indirectly, is in daily contact with the human organism. BPA is postulated to be a factor responsible for the global epidemic of obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases, belonging to the obesogenic and diabetogenic group of compounds. Hence, this endocrine disruptor may be responsible for the development of metabolic disorders, promoting in fat cells an increase in proinflammatory pathways and upregulating the expression and release of certain cytokines, such as IL6, IL1β, and TNFα. These, in turn, at a systemic and local level, are associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, which allows the perpetuation of the typical physiological complications of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Nelson Javier Caro Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avda. Ejército 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Lissé Chiquinquirá Angarita
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Talcahuano 4260000, Chile
| | - Nelson Hernando Caicedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bioprocesos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Diseño y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122-135 Pance, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Jocelyn Rivas Muñoz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370321, Chile
| | - Diana Marcela Rojas-Gómez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370321, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Silano (until 21 December 2020†) V, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Vernis L, Zorn H, Batke M, Bignami M, Corsini E, FitzGerald R, Gundert‐Remy U, Halldorsson T, Hart A, Ntzani E, Scanziani E, Schroeder H, Ulbrich B, Waalkens‐Berendsen D, Woelfle D, Al Harraq Z, Baert K, Carfì M, Castoldi AF, Croera C, Van Loveren H. Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e06857. [PMID: 37089179 PMCID: PMC10113887 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re-evaluation, a pre-established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57-73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kay JE, Cardona B, Rudel RA, Vandenberg LN, Soto AM, Christiansen S, Birnbaum LS, Fenton SE. Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:535-562. [PMID: 35984634 PMCID: PMC9729163 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Almasi N, Zengin HY, Koç N, Uçakturk SA, İskender Mazman D, Heidarzadeh Rad N, Fisunoglu M. Leptin, ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and orexin-A plasma levels in girls with premature thelarche. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2097-2103. [PMID: 35764868 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reducing the mean age of puberty onset in recent years has crucial public health, clinical, and social implications. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of appetite-related peptides (leptin, ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and orexin-A) and anthropometric data in girls with premature thelarche (PT). METHODS We enrolled 44 girls aged 4-8 years diagnosed with PT and 33 age-matched healthy girls as controls. The demographic data of the girls were obtained using a questionnaire. Anthropometric data were measured and fasting blood samples were collected. RESULTS Body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were higher in the PT group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Serum leptin (p < 0.001), nesfatin-1 (p = 0.001), and orxein-A (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the PT group than in healthy controls. However, there were no significant differences in the serum ghrelin levels between the groups (p > 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression revealed that serum leptin level (OR (95% CI): 42.0 (10.91, 173.06), p < 0.001), orexin-A (OR (95% CI): 1.14 (1.04, 1.24), p = 0.006), and BMI for age z-score (OR (95% CI): 6.97 (1.47, 33.4), p = 0.014) elevated the risk of incidence of PT at 4-8 girls. CONCLUSION These results suggest that in addition to serum leptin levels, serum orexin-A and nesaftin-1 can take part in the initiation of PT. Few studies have investigated the relationship between nesfatin-1 and orexin-A levels and age at onset of puberty; hence, it should be a subject for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Almasi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Y Zengin
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Koç
- Department of Child Endocrinology, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S A Uçakturk
- Department of Child Endocrinology, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D İskender Mazman
- Department of Child Pediatric, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Heidarzadeh Rad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Fisunoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sukuroglu AA, Battal D, Kocadal K, Sungur MA, Cok İ, Unlusayin I. Biomonitoring of bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-t-octylphenol in Turkish population: exposure and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26250-26262. [PMID: 34850348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring studies are important tools to understand the effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds on human health. Up to now, there have been no biomonitoring and risk assessment studies conducted in Turkish population in which urinary bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP) levels were measured simultaneously. The aim of this study is to measure urinary BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP on Turkish population and conduct a risk assessment using urinary levels of chemicals of interest. During the study, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure urinary levels of above-mentioned chemicals, and human biomonitoring was used as a risk assessment tool in 103 volunteers, living in Mersin Region, Turkey. Urinary BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP were founded as 0.0079 μg/g creatinine, 0.0177 μg/g creatinine, and 0.0114 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The obtained estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated as 0.095 μg/kg bw/day, 0.041 μg/kg bw/day, and 0.091 μg/kg bw/day, for BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP, respectively. In conclusion, although no potential health risk due to BPA and 4-NP exposure was observed, there might be health risks associated with 4-t-OP exposure in the Turkish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Aktas Sukuroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Battal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
| | - Kumsal Kocadal
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Sungur
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, 81620, Turkey
| | - İsmet Cok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Irfan Unlusayin
- Acibadem Lab Med Research and Development Laboratory, Istanbul, 34662, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barbieri F, Inzaghi E, Caruso Nicoletti M, Cassio A, Grandone A, DE Sanctis L, Bizzarri C. Biological clock and heredity in pubertal timing: what is new? Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2021; 73:537-548. [PMID: 34264049 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Puberty represents a milestone during a person's life and is characterized by several physical and psychological changes which end with the achievement of sexual maturation and of fertility. Puberty onset depends on a series of sophisticated, not completely understood, mechanisms certainly involving Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and its effects on pituitary gonadotropins. As recent evidence has demonstrated that pubertal timing deeply affects future adult health life, much efforts have been performed in order to clarify the exact actors involved in the onset and progression of puberty. Genetic factors are undoubtedly essential players in the regulation of pubertal development, accounting for approximately 50-80% of its variability. Mutations in genes such as KISS1, MKRN3 and DLK1 have been associated with central precocious puberty. Interestingly, a possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms has been proposed as additional element able to affect pubertal phase. Environmental factors have recently attracted much attention. Indeed, an overall decrease in the age of puberty has been observed in the last decades. As genetic factors require long time to exert their effect, other players, such as environmental ones, may be involved. Special focus has been posed on nutritional status, endocrine-disrupting chemicals with non-conclusive results. Pubertal timing deeply affects future life, suggesting the need to clarify mechanisms driving pubertal onset and progression, in order to identify tailored therapeutic strategies and targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Barbieri
- Pediatric Section, Department of translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Inzaghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Caruso Nicoletti
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cassio
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Departement of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa DE Sanctis
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goodson WH, Lowe L, Gilbertson M, Carpenter DO. Testing the low dose mixtures hypothesis from the Halifax project. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:333-357. [PMID: 32833669 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, 60 scientists, representing a larger group of 174 scientists from 26 nations, met in Halifax, Nova Scotia to consider whether - using published research - it was logical to anticipate that a mixture of chemicals, each thought to be non-carcinogenic, might act together in that mixture as a virtual carcinogen. The group identified 89 such chemicals, each one affecting one or more Hallmark(s) - collectively covering all Hallmarks of Cancer - confirming the possibility that a chemical mixture could induce all the Hallmarks and function as a virtual carcinogen, thereby supporting the concern that chemical safety research that does not evaluate mixtures, is incomplete. Based on these observations, the Halifax Project developed the Low-Dose Carcinogenesis Hypothesis which posits "…that low-dose exposures to [mixtures of] disruptive chemicals that are not individually carcinogenic may be capable of instigating and/or enabling carcinogenesis." Although testing all possible combinations of over 80,000 chemicals of commerce would be impractical, prudence requires designing a methodology to test whether low-dose chemical mixtures might be carcinogenic. As an initial step toward testing this hypothesis, we conducted a mini review of published empirical observations of biological exposures to chemical mixtures to assess what empirical data exists on which to base future research. We reviewed studies on chemical mixtures with the criteria that the studies reported both different concentrations of chemicals and mixtures composed of different chemicals. We found a paucity of research on this important question. The majority of studies reported hormone related processes and used chemical concentrations selected to facilitate studying how mixtures behave in experiments that were often removed from clinical relevance, i.e., chemicals were not studied at human-relevant concentrations. New research programs must be envisioned to enable study of how mixtures of small doses of chemicals affect human health, starting, when at all possible, from non-malignant specimens when studies are done in vitro. This research should use human relevant concentrations of chemicals, expand research beyond the historic focus on endocrine endpoints and endocrine related cancers, and specifically seek effects that arise uniquely from exposure to chemical mixtures at human-relevant concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Goodson
- Department of Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer (NGO), Truro, NS, B2N 1X5, Canada
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bigambo FM, Sun H, Yan W, Wu D, Xia Y, Wang X, Wang X. Association between phenols exposure and earlier puberty in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110056. [PMID: 32805251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the association between phenolic chemicals and the risk of earlier puberty based on the available evidence by systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched and retrieved appropriate journal articles on the association between phenols exposure and earlier puberty in children published before February 14, 2020. Stata software version 12.0 and Excel were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis with total subjects of 4737. All the subjects included in our studies were girls. The pooled estimate has shown the association between 2, 5- dichrolophenol exposure, and earlier puberty in children with effect size (ES) 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20). Exposed to other types of phenolic chemicals such as bisphenol A, Triclosan, Benzophenone-3 were not statistically significant associated with the risk of earlier puberty in children with the overall pooled estimates of ES of 1.09 (95%CI: 0.88, 1.35), ES 1.05(95% CI: 0.96, 1.15), and ES 0.98 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.10) respectively. CONCLUSION Our results portray that phenols particularly 2, 5- dichlorophenol exposure might be associated with the risk of earlier puberty in children. Also, caution should be taken to other type of phenolic chemicals since in subgroup analysis some individual studies have shown a positive relationship between bisphenol A, Triclosan and Benzophenone-3 exposures, and the risk of earlier puberty in children. Future cohort studies should be conducted with more sample sizes to determine the relationship between 2, 5- dichlorophenol, and the risk of earlier puberty in children of all gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hanqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects during Female Puberty: A Review of Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062078. [PMID: 32197344 PMCID: PMC7139481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is the process of physical changes between childhood and adulthood during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. It is considered one of the main temporal windows of susceptibility for the influence of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs may act as single chemical agents or as chemical mixtures; they can be pubertal influencers, accelerating and anticipating the processing of maturation of secondary sexual characteristics. Moreover, recent studies have started to point out how exposure to EDCs during puberty may predispose to breast cancer later in life. In fact, the estrogen-mimicking endocrine disruptors (EEDs) may influence breast tissue development during puberty in two main ways: the first is the action on the proliferation of the breast stromal cells, the second concerns epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this mini-review was to better highlight what is new and what is not completely known regarding the role of EDCs during puberty.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruiz-Pino F, Miceli D, Franssen D, Vazquez MJ, Farinetti A, Castellano JM, Panzica G, Tena-Sempere M. Environmentally Relevant Perinatal Exposures to Bisphenol A Disrupt Postnatal Kiss1/NKB Neuronal Maturation and Puberty Onset in Female Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:107011. [PMID: 31652106 PMCID: PMC6867420 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of puberty is highly sensitive to environmental factors, including endocrine disruptors. Among them, bisphenol A (BPA) has been previously analyzed as potential modifier of puberty. Yet, disparate results have been reported, with BPA advancing, delaying, or being neutral in its effects on puberty onset. Likewise, mechanistic analyses addressing the central and peripheral actions/targets of BPA at puberty remain incomplete and conflictive. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a comprehensive characterization of the impact of early BPA exposures, especially at low, real-life doses, on the postnatal development of hypothalamic Kiss1/NKB neurons, and its functional consequences on female pubertal maturation. METHODS Pregnant CD1 female mice were orally administered BPA at 5, 10, or 40μg/kg body weight (BW)/d from gestational day 11 to postnatal day 8 (PND8). Vaginal opening, as an external marker of puberty onset, was monitored daily from PND19 to PND30 in the female offspring. Blood and brain samples were collected at PND12, 15, 18, 21, and 30 for measuring circulating levels of gonadotropins and analyzing the hypothalamic expression of Kiss1/kisspeptin and NKB. RESULTS Perinatal exposure to BPA, in a range of doses largely below the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL; 5mg/kg BW/d, according to the FDA), was associated with pubertal differences in the female progeny compared with those exposed to vehicle alone, with an earlier age of vaginal opening but consistently lower levels of circulating luteinizing hormone. Mice treated with BPA exhibited a persistent, but divergent, impairment of Kiss1 neuronal maturation, with more kisspeptin cells in the rostral (RP3V) hypothalamus but consistently fewer kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Detailed quantitative analysis of the ARC population, essential for pubertal development, revealed that mice treated with BPA had persistently lower Kiss1 expression during (pre)pubertal maturation, which was associated with lower Tac2 (encoding NKB) levels, even at low doses (5μg/kg BW/d), in the range of the tolerable daily intake (TDI), recently updated by the European Food Safety Authority. CONCLUSIONS Our data attest to the consistent, but divergent, effects of gestational exposures to low concentrations of BPA, via the oral route, on phenotypic and neuroendocrine markers of puberty in female mice, with an unambiguous impact on the developmental maturation not only of Kiss1, but also of the NKB system, both essential regulators of puberty onset. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5570.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Avda, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Desiree Miceli
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Avda, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Vazquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Avda, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alice Farinetti
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Juan Manuel Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Avda, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Avda, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee JE, Jung HW, Lee YJ, Lee YA. Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development in girls. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 24:78-91. [PMID: 31261471 PMCID: PMC6603611 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2019.24.2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the onset of puberty in girls has occurred earlier, but the tempo of pubertal progression has been relatively slower, resulting in a younger age at puberty onset without a change in age at menarche. Sufficient energy availability and adiposity contribute to early pubertal development, and environmental factors, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), may affect not only the control of energy balance, but also puberty and reproduction. EDCs are hormonally active substances that can perturb puberty by acting both peripherally on target organs, such as adipose tissue or adrenal glands, and/or centrally on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Depending on whether the exposure takes place earlier during fetal and neonatal life or later during early childhood, EDCs can lead to different outcomes through different mechanisms. Evidence of associations between exposures to EDCs and altered pubertal timing makes it reasonable to support their relationship. However, human epidemiologic data are limited or inconsistent and cannot provide sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between EDC exposure and changes in pubertal timing. Further investigation is warranted to determine the overall or different effects of EDCs exposure during prenatal or childhood windows on pubertal milestones and to reveal the underlying mechanisms, including epigenetic marks, whereby early-life exposure to EDCs affect the HPG-peripheral tissue axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hae Woon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Young Ah Lee, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2082 Fax: +82-2-2072-3917 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Street ME, Angelini S, Bernasconi S, Burgio E, Cassio A, Catellani C, Cirillo F, Deodati A, Fabbrizi E, Fanos V, Gargano G, Grossi E, Iughetti L, Lazzeroni P, Mantovani A, Migliore L, Palanza P, Panzica G, Papini AM, Parmigiani S, Predieri B, Sartori C, Tridenti G, Amarri S. Current Knowledge on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) from Animal Biology to Humans, from Pregnancy to Adulthood: Highlights from a National Italian Meeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1647. [PMID: 29865233 PMCID: PMC6032228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife has often presented and suggested the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Animal studies have given us an important opportunity to understand the mechanisms of action of many chemicals on the endocrine system and on neurodevelopment and behaviour, and to evaluate the effects of doses, time and duration of exposure. Although results are sometimes conflicting because of confounding factors, epidemiological studies in humans suggest effects of EDCs on prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism and obesity, puberty, fertility, and on carcinogenesis mainly through epigenetic mechanisms. This manuscript reviews the reports of a multidisciplinary national meeting on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Former Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Via A. Catalani 10, 43123 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- ECERI European Cancer and Environment Research Institute, Square de Meeus, 38-40, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Alessandra Cassio
- Pediatric Endocrinology Programme, Pediatrics Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Urologic Diseases, AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti, 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrica Fabbrizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Augusto Murri Hospital, Via Augusto Murri, 17, 63900 Fermo, Itlay.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, via Ospedale, 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Gargano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Institute, Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation Center, Via IV Novembre 15, 22038 Tavernerio (Como), Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatrics Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit ISS⁻National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Unit of Evolutionary and Functional Biology-Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA)-University of Parma⁻11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatrics Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Tridenti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|