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Hetland J, Bakker AB, Nielsen MB, Espevik R, Olsen OK. Daily interpersonal conflicts and daily negative and positive affect: exploring the moderating role of neuroticism. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:632-650. [PMID: 38098203 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2293165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Drawing on affective events theory, the present study investigates relationships between daily interpersonal conflicts and negative and positive affective reactions, and tested whether trait neuroticism moderates immediate (same day) and persisting (next-day) affective reactions. DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of 53 Norwegian naval cadets completed a diary questionnaire for 30 consecutive days (total N = 1590). RESULTS As predicted, the findings showed that cadets reported more negative affect (but not less positive affect) on days they were confronted with affective events that were of a conflicting nature. In addition, the proposed interaction effects between daily conflict and neuroticism were significant for both negative and positive affect. Specifically, the immediate and persistent effects of daily conflicts on negative affect were strongest for individuals high (vs. low) in neuroticism. Moreover, individuals high in neuroticism reported less positive affect on days with conflicts, whereas individuals low in neuroticism reported more positive affect the two days following interpersonal conflicts. CONCLUSIONS The findings contribute to affective events theory with important knowledge about the role of trait neuroticism in dealing with interpersonal conflicts in a natural work setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Hetland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnold B Bakker
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Morten B Nielsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roar Espevik
- Department of Leadership and Command & Control, Swedish Defense University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ertemsir E, Bal Y, Demirhan A, Kökalan Ö. The moderating role of workplace spirituality on the effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1360913. [PMID: 39156811 PMCID: PMC11327939 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1360913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The study's goal is to investigate the moderating effect of the workplace spirituality of employee on the relationship between their organization's justice perception and job satisfaction. The study included a sample of 360 employees from two Turkish airline companies. The findings show a relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. The study also finds that workplace spirituality moderates the effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction. Employees with high workplace spirituality are more satisfied than those with low workplace spirituality. The study is important, especially in examining the moderator role of workplace spirituality between these two variables, and fills a gap in the literature. Empirical data of Turkiye's two largest airline companies, which aim to become and remain competitive in the aviation industry, were shared. This research-based approach provides guidelines for this industry on the effects of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction and organizational justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Ertemsir
- Department of Business Administration, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Bal
- Department of Business Administration, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Demirhan
- Department of Business Administration, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Kökalan
- Department of Business Administration, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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3
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Chang WJA, Cheng YJJ, Kao KY. The mediating role of flow state between recovery and energy levels: An experience sampling method study. Stress Health 2024:e3424. [PMID: 38801335 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study uses a resource perspective that combines theories used commonly to explore recovery experiences as a theoretical framework and investigate the effects of recovery at the beginning of the workday on exhaustion and vigour at the end of the workday, with workflow in the morning as a mediator. An experience sampling method was used to collect data from 84 fulltime employees. Participants received three survey links each workday over a 2-week period, resulting in 837 days-level and 2517 data points. Hierarchical linear regression was used to test hypotheses, with results suggesting that greater recovery at the beginning of the workday correlated negatively with exhaustion and positively with vigour at the end of the workday. Recovery at the beginning correlated positively with flow state in the morning, and flow state correlated positively with vigour at the end of the workday. Flow state in the morning mediated the relationship between recovery level at the beginning and vigour at the end of the workday. These findings suggest the importance of recovery and the effects of flow state on employees' vigour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jing April Chang
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Joe Cheng
- Department of Business Administration, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Kao
- Department of Management Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Hogan C, Lawton T, Beecher M. The factors contributing to better workplaces for farmers on pasture-based dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00812-9. [PMID: 38788851 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Herd size expansion, combined with the reduced availability of people to work on farms, has led to an increased focus on techniques that can improve dairy farm social sustainability. Effective work organization is one such entity, which could influence farm social sustainability; focusing on having a productive, flexible and standardized farm workload. The objective of this study was to examine the factors that contribute to better workplaces for the farmer using a survey of representative pasture-based dairy farms in Ireland. Potential contributing factors to better workplaces for farmers were identified, namely; farm and farmer characteristics, working day structure, farmer attitudes, farm facilities, labor efficient practices and human resource management practices. A survey was completed by 313 Irish dairy farmers between 20 November and 3 January 2019 to capture relevant information. One proxy indicator was selected to represent each of productivity, flexibility and standardization within the workplace, and each of the 313 farms were categorized into quartiles based on their ranking for these 3 indicators (1 = most effective quartile to 4 = least effective quartile). The average farmer that completed the survey was 51 years old, milked 125 cows, reported to work 69.6 h/ week, take 10.3 d of holidays/ year and had a finish time of 19:52 in spring. The quartile of farms with the most effective farmer workplace reported reduced hours worked per week (58.6 v 82.6 h per week), more holiday days (16.6 v 5.1 d) and weekends off (8.3 v 2.4) per year, and earlier finish times (18:41 v 21:14 in spring) compared with the least effective quartile. Similarly, the most effective farms reported better facilities, and greater implementation of labor efficient and human resource management practices compared with the least effective farms. The most effective quartile for farmer workplace effectiveness were more positive about the industry's potential to offer an effective work-life balance, would be more likely to encourage young people to pursue careers in dairy, and had more positive attitudes toward attracting and retaining workers compared with the least effective quartile. The study highlighted the range of factors contributing to more effective workplaces for farmers, indicating scope for improvement on many farms, and challenges across all farms when compared with other industries in the case of some indicators (e.g., time-off). The results can support the continued extension of concepts regarding work organization to assist farms in alleviating social sustainability challenges; highlighting the differentiating factors between the most and least effective farmer workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hogan
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - T Lawton
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Beecher
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Verhavert Y, Deliens T, Van Cauwenberg J, Van Hoof E, Matthys C, de Vries J, Clarys P, De Martelaer K, Zinzen E. Associations of lifestyle with burnout risk and recovery need in Flemish secondary schoolteachers: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3268. [PMID: 38332138 PMCID: PMC10853556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Teacher burnout and high recovery need are a topic of concern for educational institutions. This cross-sectional study assesses the association between lifestyle (including physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), dietary behavior and sleep), burnout risk and recovery need in 1878 secondary schoolteachers in Flanders. In September-October 2019, an online-questionnaire assessing burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment), recovery need, PA-domains, SB-domains, dietary behavior (including fruit and vegetable intake and diet quality) and sleep during the week and the weekend was completed. Multiple linear regression models were applied. More emotional exhaustion was associated with more domestic and garden PA, work-related SB and sleep during the weekend, whereas higher scores of emotional exhaustion were associated with lower fruit intake, diet quality and less sleep during the week. More depersonalization was associated with more leisure-time PA and work-related SB and with lower fruit intake. Teachers showing more recovery need, showed more domestic and garden PA and work-related SB, but less leisure-time PA and sleep during the week. Future research should use longitudinal or experimental designs to get more insight into causality. Despite the low effect sizes, education networks and schools might benefit from promoting and facilitating a healthy lifestyle in secondary schoolteachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Verhavert
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tom Deliens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Leuvenseweg 38, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe Matthys
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juriena de Vries
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropyschology, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristine De Martelaer
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evert Zinzen
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Wiertsema S, Kraaykamp G, Beckers D. Cognitive Job Demands and Sports Participation among Young Workers: What Moderates the Relationship? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:144. [PMID: 38397635 PMCID: PMC10888168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive job demands are theoretically and empirically associated with sports participation in various ways. Workers may be overwhelmed by stress and fatigue from their workload and therefore refrain from sports activities, but they can also feel the need to use sports as a way to recover and detach from work. The strategy to which workers adhere can depend on workers' resources that moderate the cognitive job demands and sports participation relationship, such as educational attainment, being a parent, or having worktime and work location control. To test our expectations, we used recent information on sports participation by young working adults from the Netherlands (N = 2032). Using multinomial logistic regression modelling, we found that workers in mentally demanding jobs were more likely to participate in sports more than three times a week. In particular, workers without children reported a higher likelihood of participating in sports more than three times a week when they experienced high cognitive job demands. Among the higher-educated, workers with high cognitive job demands were less likely to participate in sports one to three times a week. We reflect on the academic and policy-related implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wiertsema
- Radboud Social and Cultural Research, Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Centre for Social Science Theory and Methodology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbert Kraaykamp
- Radboud Social and Cultural Research, Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Centre for Social Science Theory and Methodology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Beckers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kim S, Ham S, Kang SK, Choi WJ, Lee W. Beyond working hours: the association between long working hours, the use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours, and anxiety symptoms. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiad004. [PMID: 38258934 PMCID: PMC11020288 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to identify and compare the associations between long working hours and use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours and anxiety symptoms, thereby providing insight into redefining working hours. METHODS Based on the cross-sectional data from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), specifically the responses from 46 055 workers, the use of work-related communication devices outside of regular working hours, long working hours, and anxiety symptoms were assessed. To investigate the associations between using work-related communication devices outside regular working hours or long working hours with anxiety symptoms, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 46 055 participants, 25 659 (55.7%) used work-related communication devices outside working hours, 8145 (17.7%) worked long hours, and 2664 (5.8%) experienced anxiety symptoms. Compared with the reference group, those who used work-related communication devices outside regular working hours without working long hours, had higher OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.18; 95% CI, 1.97-2.41) than those who worked long hours without using work-related communication devices during off-hours (OR: 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09-1.59). Furthermore, the group that both worked long hours and used work-related communication devices outside working hours exhibited the highest OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.57; 95% CI, 2.24-2.97). CONCLUSIONS Using work-related communication devices outside regular working hours is associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms compared with long working hours. This result suggests that using work-related devices outside regular working hours, in addition to regular work time, should be considered when redefining working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhyeong Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghon Ham
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06973, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Braunheim L, Dragano N, Khachatryan K, Beutel ME, Brähler E. The effects of effort-reward imbalance on the job, overcommitment, and income on life satisfaction in Germany from a longitudinal perspective. Soc Sci Med 2024; 341:116523. [PMID: 38169180 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effort-reward imbalance at work model offers a theoretical and analytical framework to estimate the subjective perception of work-related stress. High demands and low rewards in return can harm mental and physical health, well-being, and life satisfaction. According to the theory, overcommitment partially explains why employees endure such straining jobs. In Germany, cultural and economic aspects of labor differ between East and West. Incomes are lower in the East, while work centrality there is higher. In this article, the effects of effort-reward imbalance, overcommitment, and income on life satisfaction as well as their interactions with region were analyzed to gain a clearer picture of regional disparities regarding life satisfaction and the generality of this work stress model in Germany. METHODS Data from 3848 participants from 2006 to 2011 of the German Socio-Economic Panel were analyzed. Within-between models were estimated, including fixed and random effects of the continuous form of effort-reward imbalance to predict subjective life satisfaction. Time-variant covariates - e.g., overcommitment or income - as well as time-constant variables - e.g., region, sex, education - were integrated. Differences in regional labor markets between East and West Germany were considered. RESULTS Easterners exhibited higher imbalances and overcommitment than Westerners, indicating worse working conditions. Higher imbalances and overcommitment were associated with lower life satisfaction within and between participants, whereas for income only random effects were supported. While region did not moderate the effect of work stress, East Germans' life satisfaction benefitted more from a higher income. CONCLUSION The importance of internal work structures in terms of recognition, adequate pay, advancement opportunities, or time pressure were underlined. As compared to the West, Easterners' life satisfaction benefitted more from higher income but not more from a lower imbalance or lower overcommitment. The interplay between materialistic and nonmaterialistic rewards at work should be focused on in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Braunheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristine Khachatryan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Althammer SE, Wöhrmann AM, Michel A. Comparing Web-Based and Blended Training for Coping With Challenges of Flexible Work Designs: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42510. [PMID: 38113084 PMCID: PMC10762610 DOI: 10.2196/42510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers with flexible work designs (FWDs) face specific challenges, such as difficulties in detaching from work, setting boundaries between work and private life, and recovering from work. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention in improving the recovery, work-life balance, and well-being of workers with FWDs compared with a waitlist control group. It also compares the effectiveness of a web-based training format and blended training format. METHODS In the web-based training format, participants individually completed 6 web-based modules and daily tasks over 6 weeks, learning self-regulation strategies to meet the particular challenges of FWDs. In the blended training format, participants attended 3 group sessions in addition to completing the 6 web-based modules. In a randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to a web-based intervention group (196/575, 34.1%), blended intervention group (198/575, 34.4%), or waitlist control group (181/575, 31.5%). Study participants self-assessed their levels of primary outcomes (psychological detachment, satisfaction with work-life balance, and well-being) before the intervention, after the intervention, at a 4-week follow-up, and at a 6-month follow-up. The final sample included 373 participants (web-based intervention group: n=107, 28.7%; blended intervention group: n=129, 34.6%; and control group: n=137, 36.7%). Compliance was assessed as a secondary outcome. RESULTS The results of multilevel analyses were in line with our hypothesis that both training formats would improve psychological detachment, satisfaction with work-life balance, and well-being. We expected blended training to reinforce these effects, but blended training participants did not profit more from the intervention than web-based training participants. However, they reported to have had more social exchange, and blended training participants were more likely to adhere to the training. CONCLUSIONS Both web-based and blended training are effective tools for improving the recovery, work-life balance, and well-being of workers with FWDs. Group sessions can increase the likelihood of participants actively participating in web-based modules and exercises. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032721; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00032721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elena Althammer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
- Psychological Institute, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Marit Wöhrmann
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
- School of Management and Technology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
- Psychological Institute, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chen IS. Using leisure crafting to reduce emotional exhaustion at home during the COVID-19 pandemic through better sleep and not thinking about the pandemic. Stress Health 2023; 39:1047-1057. [PMID: 36945897 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, we aimed to investigate whether leisure crafting reduces emotional exhaustion by improving sleep quality and strengthening psychological detachment from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We posited that sleep quality and psychological detachment from the COVID-19 pandemic mediate the negative relationship between leisure crafting and emotional exhaustion. We carried out a two-wave longitudinal study among a group of individuals (N = 216) from Wuhan, China. We measured leisure crafting, sleep quality, and psychological detachment from the COVID-19 pandemic at Time 1 and emotional exhaustion two months later at Time 2. We discovered that leisure crafting reduced emotional exhaustion at home by improving sleep quality and increasing psychological detachment from the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end of this article, we discuss theoretical and practical implications, research limitations, and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Chen
- Faculty of Business and Law, School of Management, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Pérez-Nebra AR, Pedersoli MM, Rodrigues A, Rodrigues CML, Queiroga F. Recovery Experience Questionnaire: validity evidence of the Brazilian-Portuguese version. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:3383-3394. [PMID: 37971018 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232811.13692022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim is to present validity evidence of the Brazilian-Portuguese Recovery Experience Questionnaire (REQ-PB) by applying a procedure to decentering cross-cultural scales translation and adaptation. First, we had a phase with bilingual experts, which assessed different criteria of translation quality. In sequence, we conducted the replication of the original research to achieve validity indicators in the Brazilian context. We carried out both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (to find structural validity indicators) and correlations with various external variables (to find convergent validity indicators). Step 1 showed promising results of decentering translation. In step 2 participated 164 workers and the CFA confirmed the four-factor model: psychological detachment from work, relaxation, mastery experience, and control over leisure time. The convergent validity showed a significant correlation with external variables. The REQ-PB showed adequate psychometric properties and may explain and compare empirical evidence of the recovery topic. We concluded that we have a good quality scale to be used in future research and integrated with other constructs to support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Raquel Pérez-Nebra
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza. C. Violante de Hungria 23. 50009 Zaragoza Spain.
| | | | - Aylla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Psicologia, Centro Universitário de Brasília. Brasília DF Brasil
| | | | - Fabiana Queiroga
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Lorraine. Vandoeuve Nancy France
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Wu Q, Qi T, Wei J, Shaw A. Relationship between psychological detachment from work and depressive symptoms: indirect role of emotional exhaustion and moderating role of self-compassion. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:344. [PMID: 37853423 PMCID: PMC10585803 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of psychological detachment during nonwork time has been emphasized, and its effect on depressive symptoms has been identified. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains to be elucidated. This study was conducted to identify the indirect role of emotional exhaustion in the association between psychological detachment and depressive symptoms and the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and depressive symptoms on the basis of the recovery-engagement-exhaustion model and emotion regulation theory. Through an online survey, relevant data were collected from 727 university teachers (mean age, 37.65 ± 7.77 years; 38.5% men). Indirect and moderation effect were analyzed through structural equation modeling (Mplus). Psychological detachment was found to be associated with depressive symptoms through emotional exhaustion. Self-compassion moderated the association between emotional exhaustion and depressive symptoms. The association between emotional exhaustion and depressive symptoms was weaker among university teachers with high levels of self-compassion than among those with low levels of self-compassion. This study improves our understanding of the association between psychological detachment and depressive symptoms by identifying the emotional pathway and protective function of self-compassion. Interventions for improving mental health in work context should be designed considering psychological detachment and self-compassion to deal with work-induced emotional strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglu Wu
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Tengfei Qi
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Institute of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Amy Shaw
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Zhu L, Hou J, Zhou B, Xiao X, Wang J, Jia W. Physical activity, problematic smartphone use, and burnout among Chinese college students. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16270. [PMID: 37842034 PMCID: PMC10576493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA), problematic smartphone use (PSU), and burnout, as well as to identify whether there is a mediating role for PSU. We recruited 823 college students (Mage = 18.55, SD = 0.83) from Wuhan, China, in December 2022, including 499 males and 324 females. Demographic information, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) were used for assessments. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PA was significantly associated with PSU (r = -0.151, p < 0.001), PSU was significantly associated with burnout (r = 0.421, p < 0.001), and the association between PA and burnout was not statistically significant (r = -0.046, p > 0.05). The results of the mediation model test showed that PA could not predict burnout directly; it instead predicted burnout entirely indirectly through PSU. Furthermore, PSU mediated the predictive effect of PA on exhaustion and cynicism. In conclusion, there is no direct connection between PA levels and burnout. PA indirectly affects burnout through PSU, but does not fully apply to the three different dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Hou
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingqiang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanping Jia
- Center for International Education, Philippine Christian University, Manila, Philippines
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Schüttengruber V, Freund AM. The Role of Subjective Expectations for Exhaustion and Recovery: The Sample Case of Work and Leisure. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1009-1027. [PMID: 36469842 PMCID: PMC10475213 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221134529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new model of exhaustion and recovery that posits that people evaluate an activity as exhausting or recovering on the basis of the subjective expectation about how exhausting or recovering activities related to a certain life domain are. To exemplify the model, we focus as a first step on the widely shared expectations that work is exhausting and leisure is recovering. We assume that the association of an activity related to a life domain associated with exhaustion (e.g., work) leads people to monitor their experiences and selectively attend to signs of exhaustion; in contrast, while pursuing an activity related to a life domain associated with recovery (e.g., leisure), people preferentially process signs of recovery. We further posit that the preferential processing of signs of exhaustion (vs. recovery) leads to experiencing more exhaustion when pursuing activities expected to be exhausting (e.g., work activities) and more recovery when pursuing activities expected to be recovering (e.g., leisure activities). This motivational process model of exhaustion and recovery provides new testable hypotheses that differ from predictions derived from limited-resource models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Schüttengruber
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming vulnerability: Life course perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra M. Freund
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming vulnerability: Life course perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Allen TD, Miller MH, French KA, Kim E, Centeno G. Faculty Time Expenditure Across Research, Teaching, and Service: Do Gender Differences Persist? OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37359453 PMCID: PMC10206545 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-023-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Faculty members are continually confronted with a multitude of activities among which they must divide their time. Prior research suggests that while men and women academics spend the same number of weekly hours working, women tend to expend more time on teaching and service relative to men while men expend more time on research relative to women. Based on cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 783 tenured or tenure-track faculty members from multiple universities, we examine gender differences in time spent in research, teaching, and university service. Regression analyses show that gender differences in time allocation continue to persist after controlling for work and family factors. More specifically, women report more time on teaching and university service than do men, while men report more time spent on research than do women. Results provide evidence that gendered differences in faculty time allocation are robust across time. Potential implications for policy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy D. Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4122, Tampa, FL 33620 US
| | - Michelle Hughes Miller
- Department of Women’s and Gender Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4122, Tampa, FL 33620 US
| | | | - Eunsook Kim
- Department of Educational Measurement and Research, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4122, Tampa, FL 33620 US
| | - Grisselle Centeno
- Barney Barnett School of Business and Free Enterprise, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, US
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Sundaram N, Tilouche N, Cullen L, Hosseini P, Nguipdop-Djomo P, Langan SM, Hargreaves JR, Bonell C. Implementation in an emergency: Qualitative longitudinal research on the experience of implementing Covid-19 prevention in English schools. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023; 3:100257. [PMID: 36998431 PMCID: PMC10037912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Implementation studies rarely examine how health interventions are delivered in emergencies. Informed by May's general theory of implementation (GTI), we undertook qualitative longitudinal research to investigate how schools in England implemented Covid-19-prevention measures and how this evolved over the 2020–2021 school year in a rapidly changing epidemiological and policy context. We conducted 74 semi-structured interviews over two time-points with headteachers, teachers, parents and students across eight primary and secondary schools. School leaders rapidly made sense of government guidance despite many challenges. They developed and disseminated prevention plans to staff, parents and students. As defined by GTI, ‘cognitive participation’ and ‘collective action’ to enact handwashing, one-way systems within schools and enhanced cleaning were sustained over time. However, measures such as physical distancing and placing students in separated groups were perceived to conflict with schools' mission to promote student education and wellbeing. Commitment to implement these was initially high during the emergency phase but later fluctuated dependant on perceived risk and local disease epidemiology. They were not considered sustainable in the long term. Adherence to some measures, such as wearing face-coverings, initially considered unworkable, improved as they were routinised. Implementing home-based asymptomatic testing was considered feasible. Formal and informal processes of ‘reflexive monitoring’ by staff informed improvements in intervention workability and implementation. Leaders also developed skills and confidence, deciding on locally appropriate actions, some of which deviated from official guidance. However, over time, accumulating staff burnout and absence eroded school capacity to collectively enact implementation. Qualitative longitudinal research allowed us to understand how implementation in an emergency involved the above emergent processes. GTI was useful in understanding school implementation processes in a pandemic context but may need adaptation to take into account the changing and sometimes contradictory objectives, time-varying factors and feedback loops that can characterise implementation of health interventions in emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neisha Sundaram
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Nerissa Tilouche
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Cullen
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Paniz Hosseini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Sinéad M Langan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - James R Hargreaves
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
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The association between day-to-day stress experiences, recovery, and work engagement among office workers in academia-An Ecological Momentary Assessment study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281556. [PMID: 36802385 PMCID: PMC9942985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the associations between day-to-day work-related stress exposures (i.e., job demands and lack of job control), job strain, and next-day work engagement among office workers in academic settings. Additionally, we assessed the influence of psychological detachment and relaxation on next-day work engagement and tested for interaction effects of these recovery variables on the relationship between work-related stressors and next-day work engagement. METHODS Office workers from two academic settings in Belgium and Slovenia were recruited. This study is based on an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) with a 15-working day data collection period using our self-developed STRAW smartphone application. Participants were asked repeatedly about their work-related stressors, work engagement, and recovery experiences. Fixed-effect model testing using random intercepts was applied to investigate within- and between-participant levels. RESULTS Our sample consisted of 55 participants and 2710 item measurements were analysed. A significant positive association was found between job control and next-day work engagement (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Further, a significant negative association was found between job strain and next-day work engagement (β = -0.32, p = 0.05). Furthermore, relaxation was negatively associated with work engagement (β = -0.08, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed previous results, such as higher job control being associated with higher work engagement and higher job strain predicting lower work engagement. An interesting result was the association of higher relaxation after the working day with a lower next-day work engagement. Further research investigating fluctuations in work-related stressors, work engagement, and recovery experiences is required.
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Thompson MJ, Hackney K, Crawford W, Bonner JM, Carlson DS. Partner psychological abuse: Can you leave home at work? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wayne Crawford
- Amazon (contribution to this article was done prior to joining Amazon). Texas Dallas USA
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Nehra NS, Sarna S, Kumar J, Singh S, Marne MM, Pandey A. Can intrinsic motivation be attained through psychological detachment and job crafting: the mediating role of emotional stability. EVIDENCE-BASED HRM: A GLOBAL FORUM FOR EMPIRICAL SCHOLARSHIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/ebhrm-07-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper conceptualizes the broaden-build and self-determination theories that act as the major theoretical framework to investigate the role of psychological detachment and job crafting behaviours in predicting intrinsic motivation through emotional stability. It was hypothesized that emotionally stable employees are better able to detach themselves from work and craft their job according to their preference and abilities, which would inculcate experience and make them intrinsically motivated.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprised 396 employees, who are employed in different organizations across India. To test the hypotheses, the authors conducted structural equation modelling on SPSS AMOS 22.FindingsThe results highlight the partial mediating role of emotional stability in the association of psychological detachment with intrinsic motivation as well as the fully mediating role between job crating and intrinsic motivation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is conducted in a non-western collectivist culture and it makes significant contribution to the available literature on intrinsic motivation by proving that psychological detachment and job crafting act as predictor and highlighting the psychological state through emotional stability. The study further adds toward theory building around the construct of emotional stability, as it is still in its infancy.Practical implicationsThis study has depicted that emotionally stable employees who are psychologically detached and have proactive job crafting behaviour can achieve higher intrinsic motivation.Originality/valueOn the basis of the recovery process (i.e. the effort-recovery model), the broaden and build theory and self-determination theory (SDT), this paper demonstrates that emotional stability plays the role of mediator that drives psychological detachment and encourages job crafting, which has the ability to intrinsically motivate the employees.
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20
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Wang F, Zhang Z, Shi W. Relationship between daily work connectivity behavior after hours and work-leisure conflict: Role of psychological detachment and segmentation preference. Psych J 2023; 12:250-262. [PMID: 36635895 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Work-leisure conflict (WLC) can have a series of negative effects on individuals. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of communication equipment, does individuals' use of communication equipment to handle work during nonworking hours lead to WLC? Previous studies have failed to discuss this relationship. Therefore, based on boundary theory, this study explored the possible effect of work connectivity behavior after hours (WCBAH) on WLC as well as the roles played by psychological detachment and individual segmentation preferences in this relationship. In this study, 82 employees were investigated via daily diary research for a period of 5 continuous working days, and a multilevel model was developed. The results indicated that daily WCBAH is positively related to WLC and that psychological detachment plays a mediating role in this relationship. Individual segmentation preferences can significantly moderate not only the relationship between WCBAH and psychological detachment but also the indirect effect of WCBAH on WLC via psychological detachment. This study increases our understanding of boundary theory and provides management suggestions regarding ways of reducing WLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Station in Philosophy, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Human Resource Management, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Department of Philosophy, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendian Shi
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Can employee engagement be attained through psychological detachment and job crafting: the mediating role of spirituality and intrinsic motivation. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: PEOPLE AND PERFORMANCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/joepp-05-2022-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe present study is to develop an additional perspective on when and why psychological detachment and job crafting behaviors in predicting employee engagement through spirituality and intrinsic motivation. It was hypothesized that spiritual employees are better able to detach themselves from work and craft their job according to their preference and abilities, which would inculcate experience and make them intrinsically motivated and thereby leading to employee engagement.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprised 408 employees, who are employed in different organizations across India. To test the hypotheses, the author conducted structural equation modeling on SPSS AMOS 22.FindingsThe results highlight the partial mediating role of spirituality in the association of psychological detachment with intrinsic motivation as well as between job crafting and intrinsic motivation. The results highlight the fully mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the association of psychological detachment with employee engagement as well as between job crafting and employee engagement.Practical implicationsThis study has depicted that spiritual employee who are psychologically detached and have proactive job crafting behavior can achieve higher intrinsic motivation and more engaged.Originality/valueOn the basis of the broaden and build theory, self-determination theory (SDT) and the recovery process (i.e. the effort-recovery model), this paper demonstrates that spirituality plays the role of predictor that drives psychological detachment and encourages job crafting, which has the ability to intrinsically motivate the employee and are able to more engaged in work.
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22
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Backhaus I, Hoven H, Bambra C, Oksanen T, Rigó M, di Tecco C, Iavicoli S, Dragano N. Changes in work-related stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences by gender and parental status. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:421-431. [PMID: 36367561 PMCID: PMC9651091 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic changed people's working conditions worldwide and research suggests increases in work stressors. However, it is not known to what extent these changes differ by gender or parental status. In the present study, we investigate trends in work stressors and whether these differ by gender and parental status. METHODS We used cross-sectional time series data of the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 and Living, Working and COVID-19 survey of spring 2020 to examine trends in work stressors by gender and parental status. Work stressors were working in leisure time, lack of psychological detachment and work-life conflict. We applied three-way multilevel regressions reporting prevalence ratios and reported predicted probabilities and average marginal effects to show trends and differences in changes in work stressors. RESULTS Our multilevel regression results showed elevated prevalence ratios during the pandemic for working leisure time (PR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.34-1.53), psychological detachment (PR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.45-1.99) and work-life conflict (PR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.17-1.43) compared to before the pandemic. Except for working in leisure time, the increase was more significant among women and mothers. The proportion of work-life conflict in 2020 was 20.7% (95% CI 18.7-22.9) for men and 25.8% (95% CI 24.0-27.6) for women, equalling a difference of 5.1% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that work stressors increased disproportionately for women and mothers. This needs to be monitored and addressed to prevent widening gender inequalities in the quality of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Clare Bambra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mariann Rigó
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina di Tecco
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Directorate for Communication and International Affairs, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Iso-Ahola SE, Baumeister RF. Leisure and meaning in life. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1074649. [PMID: 36925593 PMCID: PMC10011693 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1074649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
How people engage in leisure is an important but frequently underappreciated aspect of meaning in life. Leisure activities range from highly engaging and meaningful to subjectively trivial. Leisure itself is largely defined by meaning: The essence of leisure lies less in the specific activity than in the subjective perception of freedom, choice, and intrinsic motivation. People desire their lives to be meaningful, and leisure activities offer varying degrees of satisfying the basic needs for meaning (here covered as purpose, value, efficacy, and self-worth). Leisure activities vary along multiple conceptual dimensions, such as active vs. passive, seeking vs. escaping, solitary vs. interpersonal, and we consider the implications of these for meaningfulness. The most common leisure activity in modern society, watching television, encapsulates some of the paradoxes of leisure and meaningfulness. The study of how leisure enhances meaning in life is rich and ripe for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo E Iso-Ahola
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Roy F Baumeister
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Bălăceanu A, Vîrgă D. How to Increase Employees' Proactive Vitality Management? Testing the Effect of a Training Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15898. [PMID: 36497969 PMCID: PMC9737472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources theory, we investigate the effectiveness of an online intervention based on training in energy management strategies using an experimental design. The intervention focused on creating awareness about the importance of energy in completing tasks, shaping the present state, and proactively identifying valuable strategies to manage vitality during work. Additionally, we expected an increase in work-related strategies (i.e., setting a new goal) and a decrease in micro-breaks (i.e., mental and physical). Participants were enrolled voluntarily in the intervention and randomly assigned to the experimental group (N = 42) and the control group (N = 44). Results of the ANCOVA showed that, in the experimental group, the intervention positively impacted changes in proactive vitality management. Furthermore, the results indicated that the participants from the experimental group used fewer physical micro-breaks after the intervention. Additionally, after the training and weekly level, the results showed a decrease in work-related strategies and physical micro-breaks in the experimental group. Thus, organizations could facilitate employees to learn to engage in different energy management strategies according to their preferences.
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Kubo T, Matsumoto S, Izawa S, Ikeda H, Nishimura Y, Kawakami S, Tamaki M, Masuda S. Shift-Work Schedule Intervention for Extending Restart Breaks after Consecutive Night Shifts: A Non-randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15042. [PMID: 36429761 PMCID: PMC9691089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More knowledge is required to determine the optimal shiftwork schedule to reduce the harmful effects of short restart breaks between shifts. This 5-month intervention study aimed to examine the effectiveness of extended restart breaks from 31 h to 55 h after consecutive night shifts by considering the characteristics of the circadian rhythm to mitigate fatigue and sleep among 30 shift-working nurses. Subjective and objective variables, such as vital exhaustion, distress, hair cortisol, salivary C-reactive protein, and sleep mattress sensor sensation, were repeatedly measured to examine the differences between the intervention and control conditions. Two-way (condition × time) multilevel analyses showed significantly lower levels of vital exhaustion and distress in the intervention condition (p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively). However, the expected benefit of the intervention was not observed in objectively measured variables. These findings suggested that an extended restart break after consecutive night shifts can moderately decrease occupational fatigue and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Kubo
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
| | - Shun Matsumoto
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Izawa
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawakami
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masako Tamaki
- Cognitive Somnology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Cognitive Somnology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sanae Masuda
- Nursing Department, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kizukisumiyoshi 1-1, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8510, Japan
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Li W, Chen J, Li M, Smith AP, Fan J. The effect of exercise on academic fatigue and sleep quality among university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1025280. [PMID: 36337542 PMCID: PMC9634171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1025280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine academic events may cause fatigue and impair sleep quality. This research aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for academic fatigue among college students and its adverse effects on well-being and sleep. A brief exercise intervention was also evaluated. METHODS A total of 864 college students (33.5% female) filled out self-reported questionnaires with few open-ended questions. Fatigue and sleep quality were assessed using the translated version of the Smith Well-being Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Spearman correlations, logistic regression analysis, and t-tests were used to test the hypotheses. In a second study, 29 female participants took part in an exercise intervention aimed at reducing fatigue and improving sleep. RESULTS Among the effective respondents, nearly 40% reported higher academic-related fatigue, and a few reported high-quality sleep. Negative coping styles, workload, stress, and disturbed surroundings had a significant positive predictive effect on academic fatigue. In addition, adverse consequences of fatigue were found for physical health and academic-life balance, and a significant, positive relationship was observed between the degree of fatigue and PSQI score (p < 0.01). The exercise study showed some beneficial effects of the intervention for both sleep and fatigue outcomes. CONCLUSION Fatigue is common and widely reported among Chinese college students, and it may have a major negative impact on their health. Increased awareness of daily academic fatigue and its impact on college students is important for individuals, schools, and society. Exercise may be a simple way to improve sleep and reduce fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingping Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Andrew P. Smith
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jialin Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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McAlpine KL, Piszczek MM. Along for the ride through liminal space: A role transition and recovery perspective on the work-to-home commute. ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20413866221131394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increase in remote work during COVID-19 has drawn attention to the function of commutes as work-home transitions. While prior work-home research has referenced commutes as an example of role transitions, little is known about how the characteristics of a commute or the behaviors and processes undertaken in a commute affect their nature. We integrate research on commute characteristics, role transitions, and psychological recovery to develop a transitional perspective of commuting. We provide a conceptualization of liminal space that differentiates its physical and temporal dimensions and its psychological dimension as characteristics of the space through which one transitions during the commute and the experience of rolelessness one may perceive while doing so. We argue that perceived liminality during the commute frees cognitive resources for psychological role transition and recovery. Based on our conceptual model, we discuss implications for role transitions, commuting, and telecommuting research. Plain Language Summary Commutes provide a regular opportunity for individuals to shift from the work domain to the home domain. While making this transition, commuters occupy a “liminal space” in which they are neither fully engaged with work or home thoughts and behaviors. We explain and explore the physical, temporal, and psychological dimensions of this space, how the characteristics of commutes shape these dimensions, and how these dimensions create an opportunity for individuals to both recover from work and more effectively shift into the home role domain after the commute.
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Lott Y, Wöhrmann AM. Spillover and crossover effects of working time demands on work-life balance satisfaction among dual-earner couples: the mediating role of work-family conflict. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 36258892 PMCID: PMC9561319 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To examine the spillover and crossover effects of working time demands (specifically, work contact in leisure time, evening work, and long work hours) on satisfaction with work-life balance among dual-earner couples, path analyses were conducted using data from the 2017/2018 German Family Panel (pairfam; N = 1,053 dual-earner couples). Working time demands were measured based on (a) answering work emails/phone calls in leisure time, (b) evening work, and (c) weekly work hours. High working time demands impaired workers' work-life balance satisfaction due to higher levels of work-life conflict. They indirectly affected partners' work-life balance satisfaction through two pathways: (a) workers' and partners' work-life conflict and (b) workers' work-life conflict and work-life balance satisfaction. These findings indicate that high working time demands negatively impact the work-life balance satisfaction of workers and their partners because of work-life conflict experienced either by the workers only or by both partners. In an increasingly digitalized labor market, measures are needed to reduce working time demands-and thus work-life conflict-for workers and their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Lott
- Hans-Böckler Foundation, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne M. Wöhrmann
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
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Niks IMW, Veldhuis GA, van Zwieten MHJ, Sluijs T, Wiezer NM, Wortelboer HM. Individual Workplace Well-Being Captured into a Literature- and Stakeholders-Based Causal Loop Diagram. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158925. [PMID: 35897299 PMCID: PMC9331132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates an innovative approach to capture the complexity of individual workplace well-being, improving our understanding of multicausal relationships and feedback loops involved. The literature shows that a high number of interacting factors are related to individual workplace well-being. However, many studies focus on subsets of factors, and causal loops are seldomly studied. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to capture individual workplace well-being in a comprehensive conceptual causal loop diagram (CLD). We followed an iterative, qualitative, and transdisciplinary systems-thinking approach including literature search, group model building sessions, retrospective in-depth interviews with employees, and group sessions with human resource professionals, managers, job coaches, and management consultants. The results were discussed with HR and well-being officers of twelve organizations for their critical reflection on the recognizability and potential of the developed CLD. The final result, a conceptual individual workplace well-being CLD, provides a comprehensive overview of multiple, measurable key factors relating to individual workplace well-being and of the way these factors may causally interact over time, either improving or deteriorating workplace well-being. In future studies, the CLD can be translated to a quantitative system dynamics model for simulating workplace well-being scenarios. Ultimately, these simulations could be used to design effective workplace well-being interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M. W. Niks
- Department Work, Health & Technology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.J.v.Z.); (N.M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guido A. Veldhuis
- Department Defense, Safety & Security, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands;
| | - Marianne H. J. van Zwieten
- Department Work, Health & Technology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.J.v.Z.); (N.M.W.)
| | - Teun Sluijs
- Department Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (H.M.W.)
| | - Noortje M. Wiezer
- Department Work, Health & Technology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.J.v.Z.); (N.M.W.)
| | - Heleen M. Wortelboer
- Department Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (H.M.W.)
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Kiema-Junes H, Saarinen A, Korpelainen R, Kangas M, Ala-Mursula L, Pyky R, Hintsanen M. More Physical Activity, More Work Engagement? A Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:541-549. [PMID: 35260539 PMCID: PMC9301987 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) for work engagement. METHODS We used data from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study ( n = 3046 to 4356) to analyze self-reported weekly leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), daily leisure-time sitting time (LTST) and work engagement. PA and SED 24-hour were also measured with accelerometer for 14 days. The data were analyzed using linear regression analyses. RESULTS High self-reported LTPA and sports participation were associated with higher work engagement and its subdimensions. High self-reported ST was associated with lower work engagement, vigor, and absorption. Accelerometer-measured light PA was associated with higher work engagement and vigor, and accelerometermeasured steps were linked to higher vigor. Accelerometer-measured SED was associated with lower work engagement, vigor, and dedication. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported and accelerometer-measured PA and SED may play a role in people's work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Kiema-Junes
- From the Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kiema-Junes and Dr Hintsanen); Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Saarinen); Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and University of Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Korpelainen and Dr Pyky); Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kangas); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Ala-Mursula)
| | - Aino Saarinen
- From the Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kiema-Junes and Dr Hintsanen); Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Saarinen); Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and University of Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Korpelainen and Dr Pyky); Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kangas); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Ala-Mursula)
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- From the Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kiema-Junes and Dr Hintsanen); Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Saarinen); Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and University of Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Korpelainen and Dr Pyky); Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kangas); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Ala-Mursula)
| | - Maarit Kangas
- From the Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kiema-Junes and Dr Hintsanen); Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Saarinen); Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and University of Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Korpelainen and Dr Pyky); Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kangas); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Ala-Mursula)
| | - Leena Ala-Mursula
- From the Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kiema-Junes and Dr Hintsanen); Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Saarinen); Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and University of Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Korpelainen and Dr Pyky); Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kangas); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Ala-Mursula)
| | - Riitta Pyky
- From the Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kiema-Junes and Dr Hintsanen); Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Saarinen); Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and University of Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Korpelainen and Dr Pyky); Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kangas); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Ala-Mursula)
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- From the Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kiema-Junes and Dr Hintsanen); Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Saarinen); Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and University of Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Korpelainen and Dr Pyky); Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Kangas); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Ala-Mursula)
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Chang PC, Gao X, Wu T, Lin YY. Workaholism and work–family conflict: a moderated mediation model of psychological detachment from work and family-supportive supervisor behavior. CHINESE MANAGEMENT STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/cms-09-2021-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the workaholism on work–family conflict via the mediator of psychological detachment from work and the moderator of family-supportive supervisor behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
To avoid common method bias, the authors adopted a three-wave data collection with a one-month lagged design. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 322 usable questionnaires were collected. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was applied to test the hypothesized relationships.
Findings
Findings demonstrated that workaholism is positively related to work–family conflict; psychological detachment from work mediates the relationship between workaholism and work–family conflict. Moreover, family-supportive supervisor behavior moderates the relationship between workaholism and work–family conflict and between workaholism and psychological detachment from work, respectively. Finally, family-supportive supervisor behavior moderates the indirect effect of workaholism and work–family conflict via psychological detachment from work, such that the indirect effect was weaker when family-supportive supervisor behavior was high.
Practical implications
The study suggests that it is necessary for organizations to be responsible for employee well-being in different domains because the impact of workaholism on physical and mental health may bring unexpected consequences because of the lack of recovery and the loss of resources. This study not only shows the importance for individuals to look for ways to disengage from workplace but addresses the significance of supervisory support from organizational aspects.
Originality/value
This study includes psychological detachment from work as mediator and family-supportive supervisor behavior as moderator to investigate the moderated mediation relationship in the current highly demanding workplace. By applying conservation of resource and role scarcity hypothesis regarding individual resource allocation, the results may shed lights on facilitating individuals distancing from obsessively and excessively working mentality and behaviors that further lessen incompatibility in both work and family domains.
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Creary SJ, Locke K. Breaking the Cycle of Overwork and Recuperation: Altering Somatic Engagement Across Boundaries. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2021.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Past research often relegates the management of the ideal worker’s overworking body to the nonwork environment. Reflecting a segmentation approach to managing the boundary between work and nonwork, the nonwork setting is treated as a context for recuperation. Yet, segmentation may, ironically, support the ideal worker image and reinforce the persistence of overwork. Drawing on two-year-long ethnographic studies of yoga teacher training, this paper considers how individuals shift how they manage the boundaries around their bodies. In doing so, we challenge the notion that segmentation of nonwork from work is an ideal boundary management strategy for addressing the negative impacts of overwork. Rather, we suggest that an integration strategy developed in a nonwork community may be productive for breaking the cycle of overwork and recuperation promoted by the ideal worker image and creating a virtuous cycle of activation and release. We bring forward the bodily basis to overwork and conceptualize somatic engagement as a form of engagement through which actors come to connect reflexively with their bodily experience across domains. Relatedly, in revealing how individuals come to connect reflexively with their bodily experience, we elaborate our understanding of the relational phenomena that enhance individuals’ somatic experiences across boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Creary
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Karen Locke
- Mason School of Business, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23186
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Mihelič KK, Lim VKG, Culiberg B. Cyberloafing among Gen Z students: the role of norms, moral disengagement, multitasking self-efficacy, and psychological outcomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-022-00617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Huyghebaert-Zouaghi T, Berjot S, Gillet N. Benefits of psychological detachment from work in a digital era: How do job stressors and personal strategies interplay with individual vulnerabilities? Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:346-356. [PMID: 35388470 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how individual strategies (boundary creation around information and communication technology; ICT) and job stressors (work-related extended availability) relate to psychological detachment, and how the latter associates with employees' behaviors (presenteeism) and attitudes (family life satisfaction). This research also explored the moderating role of performance-based self-esteem in these relationships. Questionnaire surveys were collected among 321 teachers in Sample 1 and 283 workers in Sample 2. Results from Sample 1 revealed that boundary creation surrounding ICT was positively linked to psychological detachment but only among employees with low performance-based self-esteem. Results from Sample 2 indicated that work-related extended availability negatively related to psychological detachment but only among employees with high performance-based self-esteem. In addition, psychological detachment was associated with lower levels of presenteeism (Samples 1 and 2) and higher levels of family-life satisfaction (Sample 2). More generally, these results confirm performance-based self-esteem to be a maladaptive individual characteristic, adding up to a negative cycle of stressors to decrease psychological detachment, in turn leading to maladaptive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Berjot
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (E.A. 6291 Laboratoire C2S), Reims, France
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- Université de Tours (E.E. 1901 QualiPsy), Tours, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Trógolo MA, Moretti LS, Medrano LA. A nationwide cross-sectional study of workers' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of changes in working conditions, financial hardships, psychological detachment from work and work-family interface. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:73. [PMID: 35303966 PMCID: PMC8931581 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 disease has changed people’s work and income. While recent evidence has documented the adverse impact of these changes on mental health outcomes, most research is focused on frontline healthcare workers and the reported association between income loss and mental health comes from high-income countries. In this study we examine the impact of changes in working conditions and income loss related to the COVID-19 lockdown on workers’ mental health in Argentina. We also explore the role of psychological detachment from work and work-family interaction in mental health.
Methods A total of 1049 participants aged between 18 and 65 who were working before the national lockdown in March 2020 were recruited using a national random telephone survey. Work conditions included: working at the usual workplace during the pandemic, working from home with flexible or fixed schedules, and being unemployed or unable to work due to the pandemic. Measures of financial hardship included income loss and self-reported financial problems related to the outbreak. Work-family interface included measures of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Mental health outcomes included burnout, life satisfaction, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data were collected in October 2020. Results Home-based telework under fixed schedules and unemployment impact negatively on mental health. Income loss and particularly self-reported financial problems were also associated with deterioration of mental health. More than half of the participants reported financial problems, and those who became unemployed during the pandemic experienced more often financial problems. Finally, psychological detachment from work positively influenced mental health; WFC and FWC were found to negatively impact on mental health. Conclusions Countries’ policies should focus on supporting workers facing economic hardships and unemployment to ameliorate the COVID-19’ negative impact on mental health. Organisations can protect employees’ mental health by actively encouraging psychological detachment from work and by help managing work-family interface. Longitudinal studies are needed to more thoroughly assess the long-term impact of the COVID-19-related changes in work and economic turndown on mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Sofía Moretti
- Universidad Siglo 21, Bv. de los Latinos 8555, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Pontifica Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago De Los Caballeros, República Dominicana
| | - Leonardo Adrián Medrano
- Universidad Siglo 21, Bv. de los Latinos 8555, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Pontifica Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago De Los Caballeros, República Dominicana
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Petrovčič A, Erčulj V, Boštjančič E. Can we reduce psychosomatic symptoms and work presenteeism with physical activity? HUMAN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/hsm-211213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Past studies have tended to consider the relationships between presenteeism, physical activity and psychosomatic symptoms in a partial manner and not as a whole. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between physical activity, psychosomatic symptoms and presenteeism, in order to increase the visibility of presenteeism and promote workplace health. METHODS: Two questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire and Work Limitations Questionnaire) with a set of physical activity questions were administered on the sample of 514 employees. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant relationship between presenteeism and some variables of physical activity, as well as between presenteeism and psychosomatic symptoms. Further results showed a statistically significant association between psychosomatic symptoms and some variables of physical activity. General evaluation (adequacy) of physical activity, and lack of general, aerobic physical activity proved to be important predictors of presenteeism, while general, aerobic physical activity also predicted psychosomatic symptoms. Analysis of the results revealed that psychosomatic symptoms moderate the relationship between physical activity and presenteeism. CONCLUSIONS: The article points out that employees with health problems have a lower percentage of productive time than healthy employees. However, developing an active lifestyle can be a cost-effective measure to cope with presenteeism and promote psychophysical health among employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanja Erčulj
- Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Boštjančič
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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OUP accepted manuscript. Health Promot Int 2022:6522738. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Upadyaya K, Toyama H, Salmela-Aro K. School Principals' Stress Profiles During COVID-19, Demands, and Resources. Front Psychol 2021; 12:731929. [PMID: 34975620 PMCID: PMC8716552 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined latent profiles of school principals' stress concerning students', teachers', parents', and principals' own ability to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the role of job demands (workload, remote work stress, difficulty to detach from work, COVID-19 crisis, COVID-19 infections at school, impact of COVID-19 on future teaching), resources (buoyancy, effective crisis leadership, social appreciation, successful transition to remote teaching), and occupational well-being (measured as job burnout and engagement) in predicting the latent profiles of stress sources was examined. The participants were 535 (59% women) school principals across Finland, who answered to a questionnaire concerning their sources of stress and occupational well-being during spring 2020. Three latent profiles were identified according to principals' level of stress: high stress (41.4% of the school principals), altered stress (35.9%), and low stress (22.7%) profiles. Work burnout, workload, COVID-19 related concerns, and difficulty to detach from work increased the probability of principals belonging to the high or altered stress profile rather than to the low stress profile. Work engagement, buoyancy, and social appreciation increased the probability of principals belonging to the low rather than to the high or altered stress profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Upadyaya
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kogan L, Schoenfeld-Tacher R, Carney P, Hellyer P, Rishniw M. On-Call Duties: The Perceived Impact on Veterinarians' Job Satisfaction, Well-Being and Personal Relationships. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:740852. [PMID: 34778429 PMCID: PMC8578875 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.740852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of on-call duties on veterinarians' job satisfaction, well-being and personal relationships. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Sample: The sample was obtained from Veterinary Information Network (VIN) members in private practice within the United States. Procedures: A link to an anonymous online survey was distributed via an email invitation to all Veterinary Information Network (VIN) members with access from August 15, 2017 to October 21, 2017. Results: A total of 1,945 responses were recorded. The majority of those who reported having on-call duties were female associates. Composite scales were created to assess the impact of on-call shifts on job satisfaction and well-being. Multiple linear regression was conducted and found that gender (p = 0.0311), associate status (p < 0.0001), and age (p = 0.0293) were all significantly associated with on-call related job satisfaction. Additionally, multiple linear regression found that gender (p = 0.0039), associate status (p < 0.0057), and age (p < 0.0001) were all significantly associated with on-call related well-being. On-call shifts were reported by many to have a negative impact on job satisfaction and well-being; this was especially pronounced for female associates. Females had on-call related job satisfaction scores that were, on average, 1.27 points lower than that of males (lower scores equates to lower job satisfaction). Further, females' average on-call related well-being scores were 1.15 points higher than that of males (lower scores equates to higher well-being). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that on-call shifts have a negative impact on veterinarian job satisfaction, well-being and personal relationships. The negative impact on job satisfaction and well-being is greatest for female associates. Veterinary medicine has been identified as a stressful occupation that can lead to psychological distress. It is therefore important to critically assess current practices that appear to increase stress and reduce emotional well-being. For this reason, it is suggested that veterinary hospitals explore alternative options to traditional on-call shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Kogan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Patrick Carney
- Community Practice Service, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Peter Hellyer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mark Rishniw
- Veterinary Information Network, Davis, CA, United States
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Abdelhadi Ibrahim B, Mostafa M, Hussein SM. Professional quality of life among physicians of tertiary care hospitals: An Egyptian cross-sectional study. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34761668 PMCID: PMC8941313 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Professional quality of life greatly impacts wellbeing and performance of professionals working in the field of caring. The study aims at assessing the components of professional quality of life and their predictors. Design and methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 167 physicians enrolled by using stratified random sampling from tertiary care hospitals, Ismailia, Egypt. It was conducted by a structured interview questionnaire which included Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess burnout syndrome, and Professional Quality of Life version 5 (Pro QOL- 5) subscale to assess compassion fatigue and satisfaction. Results: Among participants, 78.9% had high burnout, 76% had moderate potential compassion satisfaction and 82% had moderate potential compassion fatigue. The correlation between scales of professional quality of life scores showed significant results (p<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status, frequency of dealing with critical patients, and compassion fatigue score (B= -6.959, B= 3.573, B= 1.115) were significant predictors of burnout score (p<0.05). Marital status (B= 2.280, p=0.024), and burnout score (B = 0.179, p=0.000) were significant positive predictors of compassion fatigue. While compassion satisfaction score was negative predictor (B= -2.804, p=0.006). The predictors of compassion satisfaction were the marital status (B = 5.039, p=0.000), and compassion fatigue score (B = -0.254, p=0.006). Conclusions: High prevalence rates of burnout, compassion fatigue and satisfaction indicating poor professional quality of life were detected among physicians in tertiary care hospitals. Significance for public health Professional quality of life has an impact on performance of caregiver workers. Physicians in tertiary care hospitals are predisposed to different occupational stressors which affects their wellbeing and their work performance which has adverse effect on patient care and health care system. Up to date, no studies were conducted in Egypt to assess the three components of professional quality of life; burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. Our study shows that most of the participants had high burnout, moderate potential compassion fatigue, and moderate potential compassion satisfaction reflecting poor professional quality of life. So, it highlights the need for urgent implementation of interventional program to increase health-care professionals' understanding and prevention of the risk of burnout and compassion fatigue. This accompanied by conducting screening measures on a regular basis for assessing physician wellbeing, and satisfaction to improve the professional quality of life of the physicians and their job performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassma Abdelhadi Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia.
| | - Mona Mostafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia.
| | - Sarah Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia.
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de Souza RO, Ricardo Guilherme F, Elias RGM, Dos Reis LL, Garbin de Souza OA, Robert Ferrer M, Dos Santos SLC, Osiecki R. Associated Determinants Between Evidence of Burnout, Physical Activity, and Health Behaviors of University Students. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:733309. [PMID: 34746775 PMCID: PMC8568456 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.733309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk behaviors and signs of burnout are associated with substantial health losses and university dropouts. Physical activity can be an effective approach to reduce these factors. The objective of this study was to analyze aspects related to health behaviors, physical activity, and signs of burnout in university students and their association with physical activity. The probabilistic cluster sample consisted of 3,578 regularly enrolled undergraduate students from UFPR in Curitiba, based on a population sample of 24,032 university students. The students completed the MBI-SS and NCHA II instruments. Descriptive statistics were used to identify demographic indicators and characteristics of the university environment. For the proportion of subjects with respective confidence intervals (CI = 95%), contingency tables involving the chi-square test (χ2) were used. The prevalence of signs of burnout was estimated in punctual proportions accompanied by the respective confidence intervals (CI = 95%). To analyze the associations between the independent variables and signs of burnout, the Hierarchical Logistic Regression was used through an analysis adjusted by the other independent variables involved in the models (CI = 95%). Results showed that the prevalence of individuals who showed signs of burnout was 40.4%. The hierarchical multiple regression model pointed to: female sex (OR = 1.30; 1.11-1.51); age between 20-24 years (OR = 1.51; 1.25-1.83); and 25-29 years (OR = 1.69; 1.27-2.24); being single (OR = 2.67; 1.01-7.10); presenting regular/poor health perception (OR = 1.59; 1.13-2.22), belonging to Human Sciences courses (OR = 1.37; 1.14-1.64); attending 2nd or 3rd year (OR = 1.34; 1.12-1.61); poor academic performance (OR = 5.35; 4.11-6.96); mean (OR = 2.08; 1.78-2.43). We conclude that academics showed a high prevalence of health risk behaviors and correlate and diagnose emotional problems and signs of burnout. Signs of burnout were significantly associated with the practice of physical activity in its three dimensions; however, in the adjusted analysis for demographic indicators, the characteristics of the university environment, and health behaviors, physical activity was not significant for the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Octaviano de Souza
- Laboratory Federal University of Paraná- UFPR, Organization Research and Studies Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/Faculty of Technology and Sciences of Northern Paraná -UNIFATECIE, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flavio Ricardo Guilherme
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UNIFATECIE Laboratory, Organization of the Study and Research Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/UNIFATECIE, Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Rui Gonçalves Marques Elias
- Laboratory State University of Northern Paraná- UENP, Department Health Sciences Center- CCS, Organization Research Group on Lifestyle, Exercise and Health - GPVES/UENP, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lopes Dos Reis
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UNIFATECIE Laboratory, Organization of the Study and Research Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/UNIFATECIE, Paranavaí, Brazil.,Laboratory State University of Northern Paraná- UENP, Department Health Sciences Center- CCS, Organization Research Group on Lifestyle, Exercise and Health - GPEVES/UENP, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Otavio Augusto Garbin de Souza
- Laboratory University of Northern Paraná- UNOPAR, Organization Research and Studies Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/Faculty of Technology and Sciences of Northern Paraná -UNIFATECIE, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miquel Robert Ferrer
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sérgio Luiz Carlos Dos Santos
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Osiecki
- Laboratory Federal University of Paraná- UFPR, Organization Research and Studies Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/Faculty of Technology and Sciences of Northern Paraná -UNIFATECIE, Curitiba, Brazil
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Wei Y, Wang L, Tan L, Li Q, Zhou D. Occupational Commitment of Chinese Kindergarten Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predictions of Anti-Epidemic Action, Income Reduction, and Career Confidence. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION JOURNAL 2021; 49:1031-1045. [PMID: 34248326 PMCID: PMC8255334 DOI: 10.1007/s10643-021-01232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights a survey on 5783 kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment and its influencing factors in the socioeconomic context of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through the WenJuanXing public online platform. Quantitative analysis results showed that kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment was optimistic on the whole during this period, among which the affective commitment and the normative commitment were satisfactory, but the continuing commitment needed to be strengthened. The type of kindergartens, the personnel affiliation, the educational background, and the professional post of kindergarten teachers had significant impacts on their occupational commitment. The income reduction was negatively correlated with and predictive of kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment. Anti-epidemic action and career confidence were positively correlated with and predictive of kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment. Furthermore, anti-epidemic action, income reduction, and career confidence had joint predictive effects on kindergarten teachers' occupational commitment. More related backgrounds and suggestions have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wei
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Li Tan
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Chongqing Early Childhood Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Research Center, Chongqing Normal University, No. 37 Middle Road, University Town,
Gaoxin District, Chongqing, 401331 China
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To detach or not to detach? The role of psychological detachment on the relationship between heavy work investment and well-being: A latent profile analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study focuses on two types of heavy work investment, namely workaholism and work engagement, and on psychological detachment from work. Both workaholism and work engagement refer to an intense work effort, yet with a different impact on work and personal life. Building on Stressor–Detachment Model (SDM), we examine how different levels of workaholism, work engagement, and psychological detachment influence different outcomes related to employees’ well-being (i.e., perceived health, negative affectivity, positive affectivity). Data were collected from 342 employees via online survey and analyzed by mean of latent profile analysis. Five employee profiles were identified: High-Detachment and Engaged, Heavy Work Investors, Mild-Detachment and Disengaged, Mild-Detachment and Engaged, and Pure Workaholics. The profiles showed different patterns of the outcomes under investigation. Our findings also indicate that psychological detachment is an important factor that alleviates the detrimental effects of heavy work investment on employees’ well-being and that work engagement can play an immediate protecting role for employees’ well-being even in absence of significant levels of psychological detachment.
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Sun T, Shi Y, Yin D, Zhang S, Wang X. Assessment of Need for Recovery and Its Relationship With Work Characteristics and Health in a Sample of Chinese Doctors: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:600179. [PMID: 34026700 PMCID: PMC8138448 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.600179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: China is launching an unprecedented health care system reform. However, the long-term interests of doctors seem to have been ignored during this process especially considering that the work environment and work-life balance for doctors have severely deteriorated over the past decade.Their well-being and health are facing substantial threats due to heavy workloads and inadequate recovery opportunities. This study aimed to investigate the extent of need for recovery (NFR) among Chinese doctors and to examine their work-related fatigue. The study also examines the relationship of NFR with workplace satisfaction and health outcomes among Chinese doctors. Methods: A total of 2,617 doctors from 30 administrative regions in China participated in this study to assess the need for recovery and its relationship with work characteristics and health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Chinese version of the Need for Recovery Scale (NFRS). Participants were invited to complete an anonymous online survey during May 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, reliability analysis, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: Significant differences in NFR scores were found across demographic characteristics such as age, service years, hospital levels, educational attainment, professional positions, work shifts, and working time. Regardless of any illnesses they might be experiencing, about 70.0% of participants remained at their job even though many doctors (22.1%) must continue working under the policies of the organization, which led to more pronounced NFR (P < 0.001). Further, a higher NFR was negatively related to workplace well-being and self-reported health outcomes of participants. Conclusions: Work-induced fatigue is a growing threat to doctors in China and their recovery opportunities are extremely limited in the workplace. High NFR exerts a considerable effect on their workplace well-being and health. China's hospital managers should pay close attention to the fact that doctors have little chance of recovery, and should offer doctors' positive encouragement and support to enhance well-being. To improve doctors' working conditions, targeted prevention policies must be introduced by policymakers to control this spreading crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management to Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu'e Zhang
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- Department of Health Management to Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Sarah K, Oceane S, Emily F, Carole F. Learning from lockdown - Assessing the positive and negative experiences, and coping strategies of researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021; 236:105269. [PMID: 36540095 PMCID: PMC9755055 DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the disruption of nonessential research due to the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers faced unexpected changes in their work and personal life. We assessed what challenges researchers encountered during lockdown and whether gender, career level, discipline, and job-permanency influenced their experiences (negative and positive), thereby collecting empirical material which could provide valuable information for future mentoring/supporting practices. Data were collected between July-August 2020 via an online-survey, and answers from 210 respondents (78% female, 21% male, 1% non-disclosed gender) working in Animal Behaviour and Welfare (ABW, 57%), other biological sciences (37%) or social sciences (6%) were analysed. Respondents were post-graduate students (35%), research associates (35%), and professors (22%) or classified as 'other' (8%), and overall fixed-term (55%) and permanent (45%) jobholders. We expected that early career researchers, non-permanent jobholders, and female respondents would report more challenges/less positive experiences during lockdown. Due to the widespread impact of the pandemic, we predicted no effect of academic disciplines. We found great inter-individual difference in the experiences reported by the respondents, with some reporting adaptation to a new routine within a week (31% of the respondents) and/or greater efficiency working from home (19%) while others felt less efficient working from home and/or experienced a greater imbalance towards work (30%) and/or increased personal responsibilities (24%). The most commonly reported challenges were the lack of informal contact with colleagues (63%), a loss of focus due to worry or stress (53%) and/or unsuitable working environments (47%). Postgraduate students, research associates, non-permanent jobholders and ABW researchers reported more work-related challenges (p = from 0.03 to <0.0001) and were more likely to worry about the future (p = from 0.0002 to <0.0001) than other career levels, permanent jobholders, and researchers from other disciplines respectively. We found no gender effect (p = from 0.006 [NS due to Benjamini-Liu correction for multiple comparisons, 24 metrics tested] to 1.000), except that female respondents reported more personal changes affecting their ability to work than male respondents (p = 0.037). On a positive note, most respondents (83%) perceived positive changes during lockdown and 60% reported one or more coping strategies during lockdown, with exercising/outdoor activities and interacting with family/friends most commonly reported. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for overcoming the reported Covid-19-related challenges which could further deliver valuable guidance for supporting/mentoring schemes and activities fostering a more resilient research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kappel Sarah
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Science, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Schmitt Oceane
- University of Bristol, Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Finnegan Emily
- University of Bristol, Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Fureix Carole
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Science, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Jachimowicz JM, Cunningham JL, Staats BR, Gino F, Menges JI. Between Home and Work: Commuting as an Opportunity for Role Transitions. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2020.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, every workday people commute an average of 38 minutes each way, yet surprisingly little research has examined the implications of this daily routine for work-related outcomes. Integrating theories of boundary work, self-control, and work-family conflict, we propose that the commute to work serves as a liminal role transition between home and work roles, prompting employees to engage in boundary management strategies. Across three field studies (n = 1,736), including a four-week-long intervention study, we find that lengthy morning commutes are more aversive for employees with lower trait self-control and greater work-family conflict, leading to decreased job satisfaction and increased turnover. In addition, we find that employees who engage in a specific boundary management strategy we term role-clarifying prospection (i.e., thinking about the upcoming work role) are less likely to be negatively affected by lengthy commutes to work. Results further show that employees with higher levels of trait self-control are more likely to engage in role-clarifying prospection, and employees who experience higher levels of work-family conflict are more likely to benefit from role-clarifying prospection. Although the commute to work is typically seen as an undesirable part of the workday, our theory and results point to the benefits of using it as an opportunity to transition into one’s work role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Jachimowicz
- Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02163
| | - Julia Lee Cunningham
- Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
| | - Bradley R. Staats
- Kenan–Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3490
| | - Francesca Gino
- Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02163
| | - Jochen I. Menges
- Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1AG
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Stein M, Schümann M, Vincent-Höper S. A conservation of resources view of the relationship between transformational leadership and emotional exhaustion: The role of extra effort and psychological detachment. WORK AND STRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2020.1832610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maie Stein
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Schümann
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sylvie Vincent-Höper
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Rost EA, Glasgow TE, Calderwood C. Active Today, Replenished Tomorrow? How Daily Physical Activity Diminishes Next-Morning Depletion. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 13:219-238. [PMID: 32956557 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is a salient input to psychological health and well-being. Recent applied psychology research suggests that physical activity of a greater intensity is particularly important for recovery from work-related effort expenditure. However, whether and how moderate-to-vigorous levels of physical activity influence recovery outside of working populations remains unclear. Further, the process through which this relationship unfolds on a day-to-day basis has yet to be mapped. METHOD We conducted a 10-day daily diary study in a sample of 66 college students that incorporated objective measurements of physical activity and sleep to address these research gaps. RESULTS We found that higher levels of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with leisure-time psychological detachment from daily school demands, which in turn related to longer duration sleep that diminished next-morning depletion. DISCUSSION We discuss how our findings advance a dynamic perspective of the intersection of physical activity and recovery from day-to-day that can be applied outside of working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Rost
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
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49
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Büchler N, ter Hoeven CL, van Zoonen W. Understanding constant connectivity to work: How and for whom is constant connectivity related to employee well-being? INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2020.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Bakker AB, de Vries JD. Job Demands-Resources theory and self-regulation: new explanations and remedies for job burnout. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 34:1-21. [PMID: 32856957 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1797695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: High job demands and low job resources may cause job strain and eventually result in burnout. However, previous research has generally ignored the roles of time and self-regulation. Objectives: This theoretical article synthesizes the literature to propose a multilevel model that delineates how acute job strain translates into enduring and severe job burnout. Methods: We integrate self-regulation perspectives in job demands-resources (JD-R) theory to propose that short-term job strain and eventually enduring burnout is the result of consistently high job demands and low job resources - combined with failed self-regulation. Results: The model shows that when employees are confronted with increased job strain, they are more likely to use maladaptive self-regulation strategies, such as coping inflexibility and self-undermining. In addition, when job strain increases, employees are less likely to use adaptive self-regulation strategies, such as job stress recovery and job crafting. It follows that when the job becomes more stressful, stable resources become more important. Organizational resources such as human resource practices and healthy leadership may help employees to regulate their short-term fatigue and avoid enduring burnout. Furthermore, key personal resources like emotional intelligence and proactive personality may help employees to recognize and regulate their fatigue in an effective way. Conclusion: The proposed model of burnout expands JD-R theory and offers important practical implications for the prevention and reduction of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold B Bakker
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juriena D de Vries
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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