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Tuyet LT, Bui Quang Minh P, Hang NTT, Bach VX, Dung LTT, Khanh DN. Variations of Eating Behaviors Among Vietnamese Preschool Children and Their Association With Children's Anthropometric Z-Scores: Results From Analyses of the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 10 000 Children. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024:10105395241278232. [PMID: 39252428 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241278232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Eating behaviors, which are shaped during childhood, are one of the important factors influencing children's growth. This study aimed to investigate the variations in eating behaviors among Vietnamese preschool children aged 3 to 6 years using the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and their association with anthropometric Z-scores. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 10 172 children from 36 to 72 months old, recruited from three different socioeconomic regions of Hanoi. Differentiation of eating behaviors between two sexes was observed across all age groups, but most obvious at 36 to 48 months of age. The subscales of emotional overeating (EOE), enjoyment of food (EF), and desire to drink (DD) were higher in 60- to 72-month age groups and vice versa for slowness in eating (SE) and emotional undereating (EUE) subscales. Analyses using the general linear model showed that CEBQ subscales were associated with anthropometric Z-scores in both girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Tuyet
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Bui Quang Minh
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Hang
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Xuan Bach
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thuy Dung
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Nam Khanh
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Vázquez-Bolea N, Andueza N, Cuervo M, Navas-Carretero S. A Higher Adherence to the ALINFA Nutritional Intervention Is Effective for Improving Dietary Patterns in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:559. [PMID: 38790554 PMCID: PMC11120244 DOI: 10.3390/children11050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Food patterns are deteriorating and, consequently, not meeting nutritional recommendations. Learning about the adherence to a diet is crucial for understanding children's dietary habits. The objective of the present analysis was to assess the degree of compliance with the ALINFA nutritional intervention and the effectiveness of adherence groups, and to evaluate potential baseline factors predicting a higher adherence to the intervention. A total of 44 children aged 6 to 12 years-old participated in the eight-week intervention. A two-week dietary plan was specifically designed, providing participants with food products, ready-to-eat dishes, and recipes. An intake of 75% of calories of the prescribed diet was defined to divide the participants into high- and low-adherence groups (HA/LA, respectively). From the 44 participants, 24 showed a LA to the intervention, whereas 20 of them were in the HA group. Diet quality improved in both groups (p < 0.001), mainly by increasing cereals and nuts, and reducing pastries. A decrease in BMI z-score was observed (LA: p < 0.001; HA: p = 0.021). Fat mass (p = 0.002), LDL-c (p = 0.036), and CRP (p = 0.023) reductions were only achieved in the HA group, whereas leptin decreased only in the LA group (p = 0.046). All participants ameliorated their dietary habits, but those with better diet quality at baseline experienced greater enhancements in their nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vázquez-Bolea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naroa Andueza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Aivey SA, Fukushima Y, Rahman MM, Nahar NS, Ahmed A, Prihanto JB, Hawlader MDH, Moriyama M. Effects of school nurse-led health education to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh: Cluster nonrandomized controlled trial. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1024-1036. [PMID: 38736776 PMCID: PMC11086752 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1560_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a major health concern among children especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies on school health in Bangladesh. This study aimed to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education. Methods and Materials A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster nonrandomized controlled trial on primary school children conducted in rural Bangladesh. The study lasted 13 months between September 2021 and September 2022. Four schools were selected and assigned to the intervention and control groups (CGs). Next, school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children in the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. Data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline. Results Overall, 604 children were enrolled at the baseline; among them, 455 (CG, n = 220; IG, n = 235) completed the study. Changes in the malnutrition rate-the primary outcome-were not significant (P = 0.225). However, after adjusting the endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children's body mass index improved significantly in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). Changes in eating behavior, and awareness and knowledge of malnutrition-the secondary outcomes-significantly differed between the groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The school nurse-led health education program significantly improved primary school children's awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. This study revealed the effectiveness of school nurses in reducing malnutrition among children, which may decrease future morbidity and mortality rates in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia A. Aivey
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Md Moshiur Rahman
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Niru S. Nahar
- Department of Nursing Science, Grameen Caledonian College of Nursing, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashir Ahmed
- Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junaidi B. Prihanto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Physical Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya (State University of Surabaya), Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Michiko Moriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ervina E, Berget I, Skeie SB, L. Almli V. Basic taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food propensity and BMI of preadolescent children: How are they related? OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 1:127. [PMID: 38433733 PMCID: PMC10904958 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14117.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Taste sensitivity has been reported to influence children's eating behaviour and contribute to their food preferences and intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food frequency and BMI (Body Mass Index) in preadolescents. Methods Preadolescents' taste sensitivity was measured by detection threshold of sweetness (sucrose), sourness (citric acid), saltiness (sodium chloride), bitterness (caffeine, quinine), and umami (monosodium glutamate). In addition, the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ) measuring food frequency, and the children's body weight and height were completed by the parents. A total of 69 child-parent dyads participated (preadolescents mean age =10.9 years). Results Taste sensitivity to caffeine bitterness was significantly associated with eating behaviour in food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and desire to drink. The preadolescents who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness had higher food responsiveness scores. Those who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness and to sweetness had higher emotional overeating scores. In addition, preadolescents who were less sensitive to sourness and bitterness of both caffeine and quinine demonstrated to have higher scores in desire to drink. There was no association between taste sensitivity and FPQ, but significant differences were observed across preadolescents' BMI for FPQ of dairy food items, indicating higher consumption of low-fat milk in the overweight/obese compared to the underweight/normal-weight subjects. There was no significant difference in taste sensitivity according to BMI. Preadolescents' eating behaviour differed across BMI, demonstrating a positive association between BMI and food approach, and a negative association between BMI and food avoidance. Conclusions This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of the relationships between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents. The results may be used to develop effective strategies to promote healthy eating practices by considering taste sensitivity in preadolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervina Ervina
- Department of Sensory and Consumer Sciences, Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, 1430, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), The Norwegian University of Life Science, Ås, 1433, Norway
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Ingunn Berget
- Department of Raw Materials and Process Optimization, Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - Siv Borghild Skeie
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), The Norwegian University of Life Science, Ås, 1433, Norway
| | - Valérie L. Almli
- Department of Sensory and Consumer Sciences, Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, 1430, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), The Norwegian University of Life Science, Ås, 1433, Norway
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Zhang Z, Li N, Buckley JP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Eaton CB, Kalkwarf HJ, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Braun JM. Associations between eating behaviours and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12979. [PMID: 36094787 PMCID: PMC10392767 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating behaviours are associated with childhood obesity, but their associations with cardiometabolic risk are less clear. OBJECTIVES We evaluated cross-sectional associations between eating behaviours and cardiometabolic risk among 185 adolescents (age 12.4 ± 0.7 years; 53% female; body mass index (BMI)-z 0.72 ± 1.37) from Cincinnati, Ohio (HOME Study; enrolled 2003-2006). METHODS Caregivers assessed adolescents' eating behaviours with the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. We computed adolescents' cardiometabolic risk scores based on HOMA-IR, triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, adiponectin to leptin ratio, systolic blood pressure, and cross-sectional area of fat inside the abdominal cavity. Using multivariable linear regression models, we estimated associations of eating behaviour subscales with cardiometabolic risk scores or individual risk components. RESULTS Emotional overeating (ß = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.67, 2.01), food responsiveness (ß = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.41, 1.57), and emotional undereating (ß = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.21) were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk scores. Satiety responsiveness (ß = -0.79, 95% CI: -1.59, 0.00) was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk scores. Adjusting for adolescent BMI-z at age 12 attenuated these associations, suggesting that adiposity may mediate these associations. CONCLUSION Hedonistic eating behaviours were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk in these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Nan Li
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Kent Memorial Hospital, Warwick, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
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Jaramillo-Ospina A, Casanello P, Garmendia ML, Andersen R, Levitan RD, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Interactions between a polygenic risk score for plasma docosahexaenoic fatty acid concentration, eating behaviour, and body composition in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:977-985. [PMID: 35058573 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between eating behaviour and current body weight has been described. However little is known about the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in this relationship. Genetic contribution to a certain condition is derived from a combination of small effects from many genetic variants, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarize these effects. A PRS based on a GWAS for plasma docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) has been created, based on SNPs from 9 genes. OBJECTIVE To analyze the interaction between the PRS for plasma DHA concentration, body composition and eating behaviour (using the Children Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) in childhood. SUBJECTS/METHODS We analyzed a subsample of children from the Maternal, Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) cohort with PRS and measurements of eating behaviour performed at 4 years of age (n = 210), 6 y (n = 177), and body fat determined by bioelectric impedance at 4 y and 6 y or by air displacement plethysmography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 8 y (n = 42 and n = 37). PRS was based on the GWAS from Lemaitre et al. 2011 (p threshold = p < 5*10-6), and a median split created low and high PRS groups (high PRS = higher DHA level). RESULTS In ALSPAC children, we observed an association between PRS and plasma DHA concentration (β = 0.100, p < 0.01) and proportion (β = 0.107, p < 0.01). In MAVAN, there were interactions between PRS and body fat on pro-intake scores in childhood, in which low PRS and higher body fat were linked to altered behaviour. There were also interactions between PRS and pro-intake scores early in childhood on body fat later in childhood, suggesting that the genetic profile and eating behaviour influence the development of adiposity at later ages. CONCLUSIONS A lower PRS (lower plasma PUFA) can be a risk factor for developing higher body fat associated with non-adaptive eating behaviour in childhood; it is possible that the higher PRS (higher plasma PUFA) is a protective feature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics & Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ross Andersen
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Tan ECH, Avoi R, Robinson F, Jeffree MS, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Ibrahim MY, Mohd Yusuff AS, Lukman KA. The Association of Eating Behaviour on the Growth of Children from the Interior Districts of Sabah, Malaysia. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:563-570. [PMID: 35400133 PMCID: PMC8985821 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s330358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chee How Tan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Tawau Area Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Richard Avoi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fredie Robinson
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saffree Jeffree
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Ibrahim
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aza Sherin Mohd Yusuff
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Khamisah Awang Lukman
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Center for Occupational Safety & Health, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Khamisah Awang Lukman, Tel +60198337543, Email
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Lim SY, Dora R, Yatiman NH, Wong JE, Haron H, Poh BK. No effect of monosodium glutamate on subjective appetite and subsequent energy intake in children of different ethnicities. Appetite 2021; 167:105629. [PMID: 34364967 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that monosodium glutamate (MSG) can enhance satiety and reduce appetite among infants and adults. In a multi-ethnic country such as Malaysia, it is also important to consider whether ethnic variations will influence the effects of MSG on appetite regulation. Thus, this crossover study aimed to investigate the effects of MSG on the subjective appetite and subsequent energy intake among Malaysian children from the three major ethnic groups, namely the Malays, Chinese and Indians. A total of 92 participants aged 9-11 years from the three ethnic groups were recruited for this study. A cup of low-energy vegetable preload soup (100g, with MSG or without MSG) was served to each of the participants on the day of the study, followed by an ad libitum meal 45 min later. Appetite ratings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat and desire to snack were recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS) before the preload, after the preload, before the ad libitum meal and after the ad libitum meal. Results showed that the subjective appetite of the children did not differ between preload conditions (MSG+ or MSG-) throughout the study. Malay, Chinese and Indian children had similar total energy intake during the subsequent meal after the consumption of preload soups. In conclusion, the addition of MSG to low energy preload neither influenced the perception of appetite nor total energy intake in a subsequent ad libitum meal among children. No difference attributable to the participants' ethnicity was observed. Future studies should be conducted to examine whether repeated ingestion of MSG-containing protein-rich preload has potential longer-term effects on appetite and subsequent meal intakes among children from different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim Yee Lim
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rosmawati Dora
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Hafizah Yatiman
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hasnah Haron
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Joseph Louis SP, Tyug TS. Socio-demographic disparities in the eating behaviour of Malaysian children during the COVID-19 lockdown. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:196-199. [PMID: 34102050 PMCID: PMC8256301 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the eating behaviour of Malaysian children aged 2 to 11 years old during the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods A total of 204 Malaysian parents of children aged 2 to 11 years old were recruited for this study using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling approaches. Parents were required to fill an online questionnaire hosted on Google Forms, which consisted of socio-demographic characteristics (including child's gender, age, and ethnicity, as well as parental income during the MCO) and a 35-item list from the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Data analysis was conducted by further stratifying the children's eating behaviour according to socio-demographic characteristics. Results No significant differences were observed in the eating behaviour of the children across age and parental income groups during the MCO. Malaysian Indian children had significantly lower mean scores for the food responsiveness (2.50±0.64) and emotional over-eating (2.13±0.72) subscales than Malaysian Chinese children. Girls had a significantly higher mean score for the slowness in eating subscale during the MCO than boys. Conclusion Children's eating behaviour were comparable across socio-demographic characteristics. Nonetheless, the findings of the current study provide an overview of Malaysian children's eating behaviour during the MCO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Seok Tyug
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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10
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Kininmonth A, Smith A, Carnell S, Steinsbekk S, Fildes A, Llewellyn C. The association between childhood adiposity and appetite assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13169. [PMID: 33554425 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify associations between Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) appetitive traits (food approach: Food Responsiveness [FR], Enjoyment of Food [EF], Emotional Overeating [EOE], and Desire to Drink [DD]; food avoidant: Satiety Responsiveness [SR], Slowness in Eating [SE], Emotional Undereating [EUE], Food Fussiness [FF]) and measures of child adiposity. Searches of six databases up to February 2019 identified 72 studies (CEBQ, n = 67; BEBQ, n = 5), and 27 met the meta-analysis criteria. For cross-sectional studies reporting unadjusted correlations with body mass index z-scores (BMIz) (n = 19), all traits were associated with BMIz in expected directions (positive: FR, EF, EOE, and DD; negative: SR, SE, EUE, and FF). Pooled estimates ranged from r = 0.22 (FR) to r = -0.21 (SR). For cross-sectional studies reporting regression coefficients (n = 10), three traits (FR, EF, and EOE) associated positively, and three traits (SR, SE, and EUE) negatively, with BMIz (β = -0.31 [SR] to β = 0.22 [FR]). Eleven studies reported prospective relationships from appetite to adiposity measures for six scales (positive: FR, EF, EOE, and DD; negative: SR and SE). Five studies reported relationships from adiposity measures to appetite for five traits (positive: FR, EF, and EOE; negative: SR). All BEBQ traits were consistently cross-sectionally associated with adiposity measures. Overall, CEBQ/BEBQ-assessed appetitive traits show consistent cross-sectional relationships with measures of child adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kininmonth
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrea Smith
- Obesity Group, Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alison Fildes
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Clare Llewellyn
- Obesity Group, Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Gao M, Xue K, Guo H. Reliability and Validity Study of the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire in Chinese School-Age Children. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S82-S86. [PMID: 33612653 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was widely used in western countries to measure children's eating behavior and played an important role in the research on the risk of childhood obesity, but it is rarely used in China yet. This study aimed to examine the Chinese version of CEBQ's reliability and validity in a pilot study, then applied it to bigger population. Data was collected with CEBQ in two districts of Shanghai, respectively. Using stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 2,520 children were included in the study. The questionnaires were filled out by children's parents. It was proved that the Cronbach's coefficient α of the questionnaire was greater than 0.7, indicating that the questionnaire had good internal consistency. Aside from the subscales 'Emotional undereating' and 'Food fussiness', the Pearson's correlation coefficients of the other subscales were all greater than 0.5. It showed that test-retest reliability of CEBQ was acceptable. We found that boys and girls had different eating behavior characteristics. And there was a graded association between eating behavior and nutritional status of school-age children. It suggested that appetitive traits of school-age children could be used as indicators of susceptibility to weight gain. In conclusion, the Chinese version of CEBQ was of good reliability and validity, so it is considered as a reliable tool that can be applied to Chinese school-age children's eating behavior and related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Xue
- School of Public Health, Fudan University
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12
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Almulla AA, Faris MAIE. Energy Drinks Consumption Is Associated With Reduced Sleep Duration and Increased Energy-Dense Fast Foods Consumption Among School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 32:266-273. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539520931351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of energy drinks (EDs) consumption and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, eating habits, sleep duration, physical activity, and screen time among school students. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of 1611 students aged 10 to 18 years from the United Arab Emirates. ED consumption among school students was 27%, with less than half consumed at least one can of EDs 1 to 3 days per week. ED consumers were less likely to meet recommended sleep duration (37% vs 62%, P < .001), more likely to consume high energy-dense fast foods (33% vs 20%, P < .001), and more likely to spend more than 6 hours in front of a screen (40.5% vs 32.3%, P < .001). Students aged 14 to 18 years were twice as likely to consume EDs as students aged 10 to 13 years ( P < .001). Overall, the use of EDs was associated with male sex, older age, not meeting sleep recommendations, high energy-dense fast food consumption, and spending a longer time in front of a screen. Educational intervention programs about ED consumption and healthy lifestyle habits are highly recommended.
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13
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Warkentin S, Santos AC, Oliveira A. Associations of appetitive behaviors in 7-year-old children with their cardiometabolic health at 10 years of age. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:810-821. [PMID: 32143895 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis begins early in life, thus optimal cardiovascular health needs to be promoted early. We investigated whether appetitive behaviors among 7 year olds are associated with their cardiometabolic health years later. METHODS AND RESULTS A sample of 2951 children from a Portuguese birth cohort was analyzed. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessed eating behaviors, and a measure of cardiometabolic risk (higher risk group: those in the upper quartile of triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure and in the lower quartile of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol z-scores) was created. Linear and logistic regressions were run. Children with more food avoidant behaviors had lower cardiometabolic risk (Satiety Responsiveness - boys: OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16; 0.93, girls: OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.17; 0.82 and Slowness in eating - boys: OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25; 0.95, girls: OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27; 0.91). Food approach behaviors (Food responsiveness (CEBQ-FR), Enjoyment of food (CEBQ-EF) and Emotional overeating (CEBQ-EOE)) increased cardiometabolic risks (e.g. CEBQ-FR: boys: OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.45; 4.32, girls: OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.46; 3.71). CEBQ-EF had stronger effects in boys, while CEBQ-EOE was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk among girls. When adjusting for BMIz at 7y, associations did not remain significant. Appetitive behaviors were also associated with isolated cardiometabolic parameters; the strongest association being with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Appetitive behaviors at 7-years are associated with cardiometabolic risk at age 10. While 'food avoidant' behaviors protect against cardiometabolic risk and 'food approach' behaviors increase cardiometabolic risk, these associations are largely dependent of child's adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Jani R, Agarwal CK, Golley P, Shanyar N, Mallan K, Chipchase L. Associations between appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status of children attending the School Kids Intervention Program. Nutr Health 2020; 26:103-113. [PMID: 32223370 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020910962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nexus between appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status has predominantly been studied in a mixed sample (healthy weight, overweight and obese sample). AIM This cross-sectional study examined associations between overweight/obese children's appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status. METHODS We studied children (N = 58, body mass index z-score: 2.25±0.46), 4-12 years attending the School Kids Intervention Program. Children's appetitive traits and dietary patterns were measured with the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and Children's Dietary Questionnaire, respectively. Children's height and weight were used to compute body mass index z-score; waist circumference was also measured and waist-to-height ratio was calculated. RESULTS After controlling for children's age and gender, hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that lower scores for slowness in eating were associated with higher body mass index z-scores in children (β = -0.31, p = 0.01). Higher scores for emotional overeating were associated with higher waist-to-height ratio in children (β = 0.48, p = 0.01). Higher scores for fussiness were correlated with lower scores for fruits and vegetables (β = -0.59, p < 0.001) and higher scores for non-core foods (β = 0.26, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Results observed in the current sample of overweight and obese children are consistent with previous studies examining healthy-weight children. Slowness in eating may foster an obesity 'protective' effect, whereas emotional overeating may promote susceptibility to weight gain. Fussy eating may impair diet quality by lower consumption of vegetables and fruits and higher intake of non-core foods. This evidence will support dietitians to consider children's appetitive traits when providing dietary consultation to support obesity management among overweight/obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Jani
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Cathy K Agarwal
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Pip Golley
- ACT Health Division of Women, Youth and Children, Australia
| | - Nicola Shanyar
- ACT Health Division of Women, Youth and Children, Australia
| | - Kimberley Mallan
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Lucy Chipchase
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia
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15
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Derks IPM, Sijbrands EJG, Wake M, Qureshi F, van der Ende J, Hillegers MHJ, Jaddoe VWV, Tiemeier H, Jansen PW. Eating behavior and body composition across childhood: a prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:96. [PMID: 30285789 PMCID: PMC6167809 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many cross-sectional studies reported that children with overweight or obesity show more food approaching and less food avoidant eating behaviors, there is a lack of replication in longitudinal studies. Therefore, the question remains whether healthcare professionals should target eating behaviors in childhood obesity interventions and prevention. We aimed to examine the longitudinal and possible bi-directional associations between eating behavior and body composition across childhood. Methods Data was included from 3331 children participating in the Generation R Study. At 4 and 10 years, mothers reported on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire including the subscales Food Responsiveness, Enjoyment of Food, Emotional Overeating and Satiety Responsiveness, and children’s BMI was measured. Body composition, consisting of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index was measured at 6 and 10 years with Dual-energy-X-ray-Absorptiometry scans. Results Cross-lagged models including both directions of the BMI – eating behavior association showed that a higher BMI at the age of 4 years predicted more food responsiveness and enjoyment of food and less satiety responsiveness at 10 years (e.g. satiety responsiveness:β = − 0.10, 95% CI = − 0.14, − 0.07), but no associations were found in the opposite direction. For emotional overeating, however, a bi-directional association was found with BMI predicting more emotional eating and vice versa. Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that associations were stronger for Fat Mass Index than for Fat Free Mass Index. Conclusions Results showed that a higher BMI, and particularly higher fat mass, at pre-school age predicted more food approaching and less food avoidant eating behaviors at the age of 10 years, rather than the hypothesized reverse direction. This suggests that increased adiposity in early childhood might upregulate appetite and related eating behaviors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0725-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne P M Derks
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Farah Qureshi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Perceived child eating behaviours and maternal migrant background. Appetite 2018; 125:302-313. [PMID: 29438715 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a well-established instrument in the study of obesity-related eating behaviours among children. However, research using the CEBQ in multicultural samples is limited. This study aims to identify and examine differences in child eating behaviours as reported by Swedish-born and non-Swedish-born mothers living in Sweden. Mothers (n = 1310, 74 countries of origin, mean age 36.5 years, 63.6% with higher education, 29.2% with overweight or obesity) of children aged 3-8 years (mean age 4.8 years, 18.1% with overweight or obesity) completed the CEBQ. Responses were analysed using CEBQ subscales Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating, Enjoyment of Food, and Desire to Drink, clustering into Food Approach, and subscales Satiety Responsiveness, Slowness in Eating, Emotional Undereating, and Food Fussiness, clustering into Food Avoidance. Data were compared across seven regional groups, divided by maternal place of birth: (1) Sweden (n = 941), (2) Nordic and Western Europe (n = 68), (3) Eastern and Southern Europe (n = 97), (4) the Middle East and North Africa (n = 110), (5) East, South and Southeast Asia (n = 52), (6) Sub-Saharan Africa (n = 16), and (7) Central and South America (n = 26). Crude, partly and fully adjusted linear regression models controlled for child's age, gender and weight status, and mother's education, weight status and concern about child weight. The moderation effect of maternal concern about child weight was examined through interaction analyses. Results showed that while Food Approach and Food Avoidance behaviours were associated with maternal migrant background, associations for Food Fussiness were limited. Notably, mothers born in the Middle East and North Africa reported higher frequencies of both Food Approach (except for Enjoyment of Food) and Food Avoidance. The study highlights the importance of examining how regionally-specific maternal migrant background affects mothers' perceptions of child eating behaviours.
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17
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Lindsay AC, Sitthisongkram S, Greaney ML, Wallington SF, Ruengdej P. Non-Responsive Feeding Practices, Unhealthy Eating Behaviors, and Risk of Child Overweight and Obesity in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040436. [PMID: 28422081 PMCID: PMC5409637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is increasing dramatically in many Southeast Asian countries, and becoming a significant public health concern. This review summarizes the evidence on associations between parental feeding practices, child eating behaviors, and the risk of overweight and obesity in Southeast Asian children 2–12 years old. We systematically searched five electronic academic/research (PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest Nursing, Medline, and CINAHL) databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2000 and December 2016. Fourteen observational studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Reviewed studies were examined separately for preschool- and school-aged children and revealed that non-responsive parental feeding practices and unhealthy child eating behaviors were associated with a risk of child overweight and obesity in several Southeast Asian countries. Nonetheless, due to the small number of identified studies (n = 14) and because only about half of the Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, the Philippines, and Malaysia) were represented (5/11) in the examined studies, additional research is needed to further understand the factors associated with childhood obesity among children in Southeast Asia to develop interventions that are tailored to the specific needs of Southeast Asian countries and designed to address practices and behaviors that may promote childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lindsay
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
| | | | - Mary L Greaney
- Health Studies and Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Sherrie F Wallington
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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18
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Low WY. Battling With Child Health and Nutrition in Southeast Asia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 28:4S-5S. [PMID: 27371640 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516654792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wah Yun Low
- Research Management Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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