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Wu JY, Cho SJ, Descant K, Li PH, Shapson-Coe A, Januszewski M, Berger DR, Meyer C, Casingal C, Huda A, Liu J, Ghashghaei T, Brenman M, Jiang M, Scarborough J, Pope A, Jain V, Stein JL, Guo J, Yasuda R, Lichtman JW, Anton ES. Mapping of neuronal and glial primary cilia contactome and connectome in the human cerebral cortex. Neuron 2024; 112:41-55.e3. [PMID: 37898123 PMCID: PMC10841524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia act as antenna receivers of environmental signals and enable effective neuronal or glial responses. Disruption of their function is associated with circuit disorders. To understand the signals these cilia receive, we comprehensively mapped cilia's contacts within the human cortical connectome using serial-section EM reconstruction of a 1 mm3 cortical volume, spanning the entire cortical thickness. We mapped the "contactome" of cilia emerging from neurons and astrocytes in every cortical layer. Depending on the layer and cell type, cilia make distinct patterns of contact. Primary cilia display cell-type- and layer-specific variations in size, shape, and microtubule axoneme core, which may affect their signaling competencies. Neuronal cilia are intrinsic components of a subset of cortical synapses and thus a part of the connectome. This diversity in the structure, contactome, and connectome of primary cilia endows each neuron or glial cell with a unique barcode of access to the surrounding neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao Wu
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Su-Ji Cho
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine Descant
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter H Li
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Alexander Shapson-Coe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Daniel R Berger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Cailyn Meyer
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cristine Casingal
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ariba Huda
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tina Ghashghaei
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mikayla Brenman
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michelle Jiang
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joseph Scarborough
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Art Pope
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Viren Jain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiami Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - E S Anton
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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2
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Gilloteaux J, De Swert K, Suain V, Nicaise C. Thalamic Neuron Resilience during Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) Is Revealed by Primary Cilium Outgrowth and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B Labeling in Axon Initial Segment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16448. [PMID: 38003639 PMCID: PMC10671465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine osmotic demyelinating syndrome (ODS) model was developed through chronic hyponatremia, induced by desmopressin subcutaneous implants, followed by precipitous sodium restoration. The thalamic ventral posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) relay nuclei were the most demyelinated regions where neuroglial damage could be evidenced without immune response. This report showed that following chronic hyponatremia, 12 h and 48 h time lapses after rebalancing osmolarity, amid the ODS-degraded outskirts, some resilient neuronal cell bodies built up primary cilium and axon hillock regions that extended into axon initial segments (AIS) where ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B)-immunolabeled rod-like shape content was revealed. These AIS-labeled shaft lengths appeared proportional with the distance of neuronal cell bodies away from the ODS damaged epicenter and time lapses after correction of hyponatremia. Fine structure examination verified these neuron abundant transcriptions and translation regions marked by the ARL13B labeling associated with cell neurotubules and their complex cytoskeletal macromolecular architecture. This necessitated energetic transport to organize and restore those AIS away from the damaged ODS core demyelinated zone in the murine model. These labeled structures could substantiate how thalamic neuron resilience occurred as possible steps of a healing course out of ODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 JG8, UK
| | - Kathleen De Swert
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Valérie Suain
- Laboratoire d’Histologie Générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Charles Nicaise
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
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3
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Busselez J, Uzbekov RE, Franco B, Pancione M. New insights into the centrosome-associated spliceosome components as regulators of ciliogenesis and tissue identity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1776. [PMID: 36717357 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membrane-less assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids. Centrosomes are biomolecular condensates that play a crucial role in nuclear division, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cilia formation in animal cells. Spatial omics technology is providing new insights into the dynamic exchange of spliceosome components between the nucleus and the centrosome/cilium. Intriguingly, centrosomes are emerging as cytoplasmic sites for information storage, enriched with RNA molecules and RNA-processing proteins. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the view that nuclear spliceosome components assembled at the centrosome function as potential coordinators of splicing subprograms, pluripotency, and cell differentiation. In this article, we first discuss the current understanding of the centrosome/cilium complex, which controls both stem cell differentiation and pluripotency. We next explore the molecular mechanisms that govern splicing factor assembly and disassembly around the centrosome and examine how RNA processing pathways contribute to ciliogenesis. Finally, we discuss numerous unresolved compelling questions regarding the centrosome-associated spliceosome components and transcript variants within the cytoplasm as sources of RNA-based secondary messages in the regulation of cell identity and cell fate determination. This article is categorized under: RNA-Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Processing > RNA Processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Busselez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Rustem E Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Biswas A, Salvucci M, Connor K, Düssmann H, Carberry S, Fichtner M, King E, Murphy B, O'Farrell AC, Cryan J, Beausang A, Heffernan J, Cremona M, Hennessy BT, Clerkin J, Sweeney KJ, MacNally S, Brett F, O'Halloran P, Bacon O, Furney S, Verreault M, Quissac E, Bielle F, Ahmed MH, Idbaih A, Leenstra S, Ntafoulis I, Fabro F, Lamfers M, Golebiewska A, Hertel F, Niclou SP, Yen RTC, Kremer A, Dilcan G, Lodi F, Arijs I, Lambrechts D, Purushothama MK, Kel A, Byrne AT, Prehn JHM. Comparative analysis of deeply phenotyped GBM cohorts of 'short-term' and 'long-term' survivors. J Neurooncol 2023:10.1007/s11060-023-04341-3. [PMID: 37237151 PMCID: PMC10322749 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer that typically results in death in the first 15 months after diagnosis. There have been limited advances in finding new treatments for GBM. In this study, we investigated molecular differences between patients with extremely short (≤ 9 months, Short term survivors, STS) and long survival (≥ 36 months, Long term survivors, LTS). METHODS Patients were selected from an in-house cohort (GLIOTRAIN-cohort), using defined inclusion criteria (Karnofsky score > 70; age < 70 years old; Stupp protocol as first line treatment, IDH wild type), and a multi-omic analysis of LTS and STS GBM samples was performed. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis of tumour samples identified cilium gene signatures as enriched in LTS. Moreover, Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of cilia in the tumours of LTS. Notably, reverse phase protein array analysis (RPPA) demonstrated increased phosphorylated GAB1 (Y627), SRC (Y527), BCL2 (S70) and RAF (S338) protein expression in STS compared to LTS. Next, we identified 25 unique master regulators (MR) and 13 transcription factors (TFs) belonging to ontologies of integrin signalling and cell cycle to be upregulated in STS. CONCLUSION Overall, comparison of STS and LTS GBM patients, identifies novel biomarkers and potential actionable therapeutic targets for the management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Biswas
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Kate Connor
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Steven Carberry
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ellen King
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brona Murphy
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Alice C O'Farrell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jane Cryan
- Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Beausang
- Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mattia Cremona
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Clerkin
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieron J Sweeney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steve MacNally
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesca Brett
- Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip O'Halloran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orna Bacon
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Simon Furney
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Maite Verreault
- DMU Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Emie Quissac
- DMU Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- DMU Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed H Ahmed
- DMU Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- DMU Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Inserm, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Dept of Neurosurgery Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Ntafoulis
- Dept of Neurosurgery Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Fabro
- Dept of Neurosurgery Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Lamfers
- Dept of Neurosurgery Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Hertel
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Romain Tching Chi Yen
- Information Technology for Translational Medicine, 27, Rue Henri Koch - House of BioHealth, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Kremer
- Information Technology for Translational Medicine, 27, Rue Henri Koch - House of BioHealth, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gonca Dilcan
- VIB-KU Leuven Cancer for Cancer Biology, Onderwijs en Navorsing 5, Herestraat, 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Lodi
- VIB-KU Leuven Cancer for Cancer Biology, Onderwijs en Navorsing 5, Herestraat, 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- VIB-KU Leuven Cancer for Cancer Biology, Onderwijs en Navorsing 5, Herestraat, 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB-KU Leuven Cancer for Cancer Biology, Onderwijs en Navorsing 5, Herestraat, 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Alexander Kel
- geneXplain GmbH, Am Exer 19b, 38302, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Annette T Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.
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5
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Leu T, Denda J, Wrobeln A, Fandrey J. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2alpha Affects the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway via Primary Cilia in Connection with the Intraflagellar Transport Protein 88 Homolog. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:174-183. [PMID: 37074220 PMCID: PMC10153011 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2198931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to communicate with their surrounding is a prerequisite for essential processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation. To this purpose, primary cilia serve as antennae-like structures on the surface of most mammalian cell types. Cilia allow signaling via hedgehog, Wnt or TGF-beta pathways. Their length, in part controlled by the activity of intraflagellar transport (IFT), is a parameter for adequate function of primary cilia. Here we show, in murine neuronal cells, that intraflagellar transport protein 88 homolog (IFT88) directly interacts with the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), hitherto known as an oxygen-regulated transcription factor. Furthermore, HIF-2α accumulates in the ciliary axoneme and promotes ciliary elongation under hypoxia. Loss of HIF-2α affected ciliary signaling in neuronal cells by decreasing transcription of Mek1/2 and Erk1/2. Targets of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, such as Fos and Jun, were significantly decreased. Our results suggest that HIF-2α influences ciliary signaling by interacting with IFT88 under hypoxic conditions. This implies an unexpected and far more extensive function of HIF-2α than described before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Leu
- Institute of Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jannik Denda
- Institute of Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Wrobeln
- Institute of Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institute of Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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6
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Deleyrolle LP, Sarkisian MR. Cilia at the Crossroads of Tumor Treating Fields and Chemotherapy. Dev Neurosci 2023; 45:139-146. [PMID: 38630257 PMCID: PMC10233696 DOI: 10.1159/000529193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, requires multi-treatment intervention which unfortunately barely shifts the needle in overall survival. The treatment options after diagnosis and surgical resection (if possible) include irradiation, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and now tumor treating fields (TTFields). TTFields are electric fields delivered locoregionally to the head/tumor via a wearable medical device (Optune®). Overall, the concomitant treatment of TTFields and TMZ target tumor cells but spare normal cell types in the brain. Here, we examine whether primary cilia, microtubule-based "antennas" found on both normal brain cells and GBM cells, play specific roles in sensitizing tumor cells to treatment. We discuss evidence supporting GBM cilia being exploited by tumor cells to promote their growth and treatment resistance. We review how primary cilia on normal brain and GBM cells are affected by GBM treatments as monotherapy or concomitant modalities. We also focus on latest findings indicating a differential regulation of GBM ciliogenesis by TTFields and TMZ. Future studies await arrival of intracranial TTFields models to determine if GBM cilia carry a prognostic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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7
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Dupuy V, Prieur M, Pizzoccaro A, Margarido C, Valjent E, Bockaert J, Bouschet T, Marin P, Chaumont-Dubel S. Spatiotemporal dynamics of 5-HT 6 receptor ciliary localization during mouse brain development. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105949. [PMID: 36496200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is a promising target to improve cognitive symptoms of psychiatric diseases of neurodevelopmental origin, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. However, its expression and localization at different stages of brain development remain largely unknown, due to the lack of specific antibodies to detect endogenous 5-HT6R. Here, we used transgenic mice expressing a GFP-tagged 5-HT6R under the control of its endogenous promoter (Knock-in) as well as embryonic stem cells expressing the GFP-tagged receptor to extensively characterize its expression at cellular and subcellular levels during development. We show that the receptor is already expressed at E13.5 in the cortex, the striatum, the ventricular zone, and to a lesser extent the subventricular zone. In adulthood, it is preferentially found in projection neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons, as well as in a large proportion of astrocytes, while it is expressed in a minor population of interneurons. Whereas the receptor is almost exclusively detected in the primary cilia of neurons at embryonic and adult stages and in differentiated stem cells, it is located in the somatodendritic compartment of neurons from some brain regions at the neonatal stage and in the soma of undifferentiated stem cells. Finally, knocking-out the receptor induces a shortening of the primary cilium, suggesting that it plays a role in its function. This study provides the first global picture of 5-HT6R expression pattern in the mouse brain at different developmental stages. It reveals dynamic changes in receptor localization in neurons at the neonatal stage, which might underlie its key role in neuronal differentiation and psychiatric disorders of neurodevelopmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dupuy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Prieur
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Pizzoccaro
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Margarido
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Bockaert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tristan Bouschet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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8
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The role of ciliopathy-associated type 3 adenylyl cyclase in infanticidal behavior in virgin adult male mice. iScience 2022; 25:104534. [PMID: 35754726 PMCID: PMC9218507 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virgin adult male mice often display killing of alien newborns, defined as infanticide, and this behavior is dependent on olfactory signaling. Olfactory perception is achieved by the main olfactory system (MOS) or vomeronasal system (VNS). Although it has been established that the VNS is crucial for infanticide in male mice, the role of the MOS in infanticide remains unknown. Herein, by producing lesions via ZnSO4 perfusion and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid stereotactic injection, we demonstrated that the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), or ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is crucial for infanticide in adult males. By using CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with adeno-associated viruses to induce specific knockdown of type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3) in these tissues, we further demonstrated that AC3, a ciliopathy-associated protein, in the MOE and the expression of related proteins in the AON or VMH are necessary for infanticidal behavior in virgin adult male mice. MOE lesions and knockdown of AC3 in the MOE result in abnormal infanticidal behavior The infanticidal behavior of male mice is impaired by lesioning of the AON or VMH AC3 knockdown in the AON or VMH affects the infanticidal behavior of male mice
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9
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Sarkar D, Shariq M, Dwivedi D, Krishnan N, Naumann R, Bhalla US, Ghosh HS. Adult brain neurons require continual expression of the schizophrenia-risk gene Tcf4 for structural and functional integrity. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:494. [PMID: 34564703 PMCID: PMC8464606 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The schizophrenia-risk gene Tcf4 has been widely studied in the context of brain development using mouse models of haploinsufficiency, in utero knockdown and embryonic deletion. However, Tcf4 continues to be abundantly expressed in adult brain neurons where its functions remain unknown. Given the importance of Tcf4 in psychiatric diseases, we investigated its role in adult neurons using cell-specific deletion and genetic tracing in adult animals. Acute loss of Tcf4 in adult excitatory neurons in vivo caused hyperexcitability and increased dendritic complexity of neurons, effects that were distinct from previously observed effects in embryonic-deficiency models. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis of genetically traced adult-deleted FACS-sorted Tcf4-knockout neurons revealed that Tcf4 targets in adult neurons are distinct from those in the embryonic brain. Meta-analysis of the adult-deleted neuronal transcriptome from our study with the existing datasets of embryonic Tcf4 deficiencies revealed plasma membrane and ciliary genes to underlie Tcf4-mediated structure-function regulation specifically in adult neurons. The profound changes both in the structure and excitability of adult neurons upon acute loss of Tcf4 indicates that proactive regulation of membrane-related processes underlies the functional and structural integrity of adult neurons. These findings not only provide insights for the functional relevance of continual expression of a psychiatric disease-risk gene in the adult brain but also identify previously unappreciated gene networks underpinning mature neuronal regulation during the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipannita Sarkar
- grid.22401.350000 0004 0502 9283National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065 India ,grid.502290.cThe University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, 560064 India
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- grid.22401.350000 0004 0502 9283National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065 India ,grid.502290.cThe University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, 560064 India
| | - Deepanjali Dwivedi
- grid.22401.350000 0004 0502 9283National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Nirmal Krishnan
- grid.22401.350000 0004 0502 9283National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Ronald Naumann
- grid.419537.d0000 0001 2113 4567MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307 Germany
| | - Upinder Singh Bhalla
- grid.22401.350000 0004 0502 9283National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Hiyaa Singhee Ghosh
- National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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10
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Rebeillard F, De Gois S, Pietrancosta N, Mai TH, Lai-Kuen R, Kieffer BL, Giros B, Massart R, Darmon M, Diaz J. The Orphan GPCR Receptor, GPR88, Interacts with Nuclear Protein Partners in the Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:479-489. [PMID: 34247243 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR88 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN), also found in cortical neurons at low level. In MSN, GPR88 has a canonical GPCR plasma membrane/cytoplasmic expression, whereas in cortical neurons, we previously reported an atypical intranuclear localization. Molecular size analysis suggests that GPR88, expressed in plasma membrane of MSN or in nuclear compartment of cortical neurons, corresponds to the full-length protein. By transfection of cortical neurons, we showed that GPR88 fluorescent chimeras exhibit a nuclear localization. This localization is contingent on the third intracytoplasmic loop and C-terminus domains, even though these domains do not contain any known nuclear localization signals (NLS). Using yeast two-hybrid screening with these domains, we identified the nuclear proteins ATRX, TOP2B, and BAZ2B, all involved in chromatin remodeling, as potential protein partners of GPR88. We also validated the interaction of GPR88 with these nuclear proteins by proximity ligation assay on cortical neurons in culture and coimmunoprecipitation experiments on cortical extracts from GPR88 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. The identification of GPR88 subcellular partners may provide novel functional insights for nonclassical modes of GPCR action that could be relevant in the maturating process of neocortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rebeillard
- Cellular Biology and Molecular Pharmacology of Central Receptors, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Inserm U1266, Paris 75014, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France.,Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Thi Hue Mai
- Cellular Biology and Molecular Pharmacology of Central Receptors, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Inserm U1266, Paris 75014, France
| | - René Lai-Kuen
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Facility, US25 Inserm-3612 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Giros
- Université de Paris, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris F-75006, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Renaud Massart
- Inserm U955 Interventional NeuroPsychology Team, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, France
| | - Michèle Darmon
- Cellular Biology and Molecular Pharmacology of Central Receptors, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Inserm U1266, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jorge Diaz
- Cellular Biology and Molecular Pharmacology of Central Receptors, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Inserm U1266, Paris 75014, France.,Université de Paris, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris F-75006, France
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11
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Di Nardo A, Lenoël I, Winden KD, Rühmkorf A, Modi ME, Barrett L, Ercan-Herbst E, Venugopal P, Behne R, Lopes CAM, Kleiman RJ, Bettencourt-Dias M, Sahin M. Phenotypic Screen with TSC-Deficient Neurons Reveals Heat-Shock Machinery as a Druggable Pathway for mTORC1 and Reduced Cilia. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107780. [PMID: 32579942 PMCID: PMC7381997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurogenetic disorder that leads to elevated mechanistic targeting of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. Cilia can be affected by mTORC1 signaling, and ciliary deficits are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we examine whether neuronal cilia are affected in TSC. We show that cortical tubers from TSC patients and mutant mouse brains have fewer cilia. Using high-content image-based assays, we demonstrate that mTORC1 activity inversely correlates with ciliation in TSC1/2-deficientneurons.To investigate the mechanistic relationship between mTORC1 and cilia, we perform a phenotypic screen for mTORC1 inhibitors with TSC1/2-deficient neurons. We identify inhibitors ofthe heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) that suppress mTORC1 through regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 rescues ciliation through downregulation of Hsp27. Our study uncovers the heat-shock machinery as a druggable signaling node to restore mTORC1 activity and cilia due to loss of TSC1/2, and it provides broadly applicable platforms for studying TSC-related neuronal dysfunction. Di Nardo et al. find that cortical tubers from TSC patients and mutant mouse brains have fewer cilia. An image-based screening of mTORC1 activity in TSC1/2-deficient neurons leads to the identification of the heat-shock machinery as a druggable signaling node to restore mTORC1 activity and cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Nardo
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isadora Lenoël
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kellen D Winden
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alina Rühmkorf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meera E Modi
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pooja Venugopal
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Behne
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carla A M Lopes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Sahin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Lauter G, Coschiera A, Yoshihara M, Sugiaman-Trapman D, Ezer S, Sethurathinam S, Katayama S, Kere J, Swoboda P. Differentiation of ciliated human midbrain-derived LUHMES neurons. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs249789. [PMID: 33115758 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human cell types are ciliated, including neural progenitors and differentiated neurons. Ciliopathies are characterized by defective cilia and comprise various disease states, including brain phenotypes, where the underlying biological pathways are largely unknown. Our understanding of neuronal cilia is rudimentary, and an easy-to-maintain, ciliated human neuronal cell model is absent. The Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cell line is a ciliated neuronal cell line derived from human fetal mesencephalon. LUHMES cells can easily be maintained and differentiated into mature, functional neurons within one week. They have a single primary cilium as proliferating progenitor cells and as postmitotic, differentiating neurons. These developmental stages are completely separable within one day of culture condition change. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is active in differentiating LUHMES neurons. RNA-sequencing timecourse analyses reveal molecular pathways and gene-regulatory networks critical for ciliogenesis and axon outgrowth at the interface between progenitor cell proliferation, polarization and neuronal differentiation. Gene expression dynamics of cultured LUHMES neurons faithfully mimic the corresponding in vivo dynamics of human fetal midbrain. In LUHMES cells, neuronal cilia biology can be investigated from proliferation through differentiation to mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Lauter
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andrea Coschiera
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Masahito Yoshihara
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Sini Ezer
- University of Helsinki, Research Program of Molecular Neurology and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shalini Sethurathinam
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- University of Helsinki, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program and Folkhälsan Research Center, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- University of Helsinki, Research Program of Molecular Neurology and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Swoboda
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
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13
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Ferent J, Zaidi D, Francis F. Extracellular Control of Radial Glia Proliferation and Scaffolding During Cortical Development and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578341. [PMID: 33178693 PMCID: PMC7596222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the cortex, newly generated neurons migrate long-distances in the expanding tissue to reach their final positions. Pyramidal neurons are produced from dorsal progenitors, e.g., radial glia (RGs) in the ventricular zone, and then migrate along RG processes basally toward the cortex. These neurons are hence dependent upon RG extensions to support their migration from apical to basal regions. Several studies have investigated how intracellular determinants are required for RG polarity and subsequent formation and maintenance of their processes. Fewer studies have identified the influence of the extracellular environment on this architecture. This review will focus on extracellular factors which influence RG morphology and pyramidal neuronal migration during normal development and their perturbations in pathology. During cortical development, RGs are present in different strategic positions: apical RGs (aRGs) have their cell bodies located in the ventricular zone with an apical process contacting the ventricle, while they also have a basal process extending radially to reach the pial surface of the cortex. This particular conformation allows aRGs to be exposed to long range and short range signaling cues, whereas basal RGs (bRGs, also known as outer RGs, oRGs) have their cell bodies located throughout the cortical wall, limiting their access to ventricular factors. Long range signals impacting aRGs include secreted molecules present in the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., Neuregulin, EGF, FGF, Wnt, BMP). Secreted molecules also contribute to the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, laminin, reelin). Classical short range factors include cell to cell signaling, adhesion molecules and mechano-transduction mechanisms (e.g., TAG1, Notch, cadherins, mechanical tension). Changes in one or several of these components influencing the RG extracellular environment can disrupt the development or maintenance of RG architecture on which neuronal migration relies, leading to a range of cortical malformations. First, we will detail the known long range signaling cues impacting RG. Then, we will review how short range cell contacts are also important to instruct the RG framework. Understanding how RG processes are structured by their environment to maintain and support radial migration is a critical part of the investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Donia Zaidi
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
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14
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Alvarado JA, Dhande OS, Prosseda PP, Kowal TJ, Ning K, Jabbehdari S, Hu Y, Sun Y. Developmental distribution of primary cilia in the retinofugal visual pathway. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1442-1455. [PMID: 32939774 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian visual system is composed of circuitry connecting sensory input from the retina to the processing core of the visual cortex. The two main retinorecipient brain targets, the superior colliculus (SC) and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), bridge retinal input and visual output. The primary cilium is a conserved organelle increasingly viewed as a critical sensor for the regulation of developmental and homeostatic pathways in most mammalian cell types. Moreover, cilia have been described as crucial for neurogenesis, neuronal maturation, and survival in the cortex and retina. However, cilia in the visual relay center remain to be fully described. In this study, we characterized the ciliation profile of the SC and dLGN and found that the overall number of ciliated cells declined during development. Interestingly, shorter ciliated cells in both regions were identified as neurons, whose numbers remained stable over time, suggesting that cilia retention is a critical feature for optimal neuronal function in SC and dLGN. Our study suggests that primary cilia are important for neuronal maturation and function in cells of the SC and dLGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Alvarado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Onkar S Dhande
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Philipp P Prosseda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Tia J Kowal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Sayena Jabbehdari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, California, USA
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15
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Primary Cilia Signaling Promotes Axonal Tract Development and Is Disrupted in Joubert Syndrome-Related Disorders Models. Dev Cell 2020; 51:759-774.e5. [PMID: 31846650 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate axonal growth and connectivity are essential for functional wiring of the brain. Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRD), a group of ciliopathies in which mutations disrupt primary cilia function, are characterized by axonal tract malformations. However, little is known about how cilia-driven signaling regulates axonal growth and connectivity. We demonstrate that the deletion of related JSRD genes, Arl13b and Inpp5e, in projection neurons leads to de-fasciculated and misoriented axonal tracts. Arl13b deletion disrupts the function of its downstream effector, Inpp5e, and deregulates ciliary-PI3K/AKT signaling. Chemogenetic activation of ciliary GPCR signaling and cilia-specific optogenetic modulation of downstream second messenger cascades (PI3K, AKT, and AC3) commonly regulated by ciliary signaling receptors induce rapid changes in axonal dynamics. Further, Arl13b deletion leads to changes in transcriptional landscape associated with dysregulated PI3K/AKT signaling. These data suggest that ciliary signaling acts to modulate axonal connectivity and that impaired primary cilia signaling underlies axonal tract defects in JSRD.
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16
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Bieder A, Yoshihara M, Katayama S, Krjutškov K, Falk A, Kere J, Tapia-Páez I. Dyslexia Candidate Gene and Ciliary Gene Expression Dynamics During Human Neuronal Differentiation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2944-2958. [PMID: 32445086 PMCID: PMC7320047 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with complex genetic mechanisms. A number of candidate genes have been identified, some of which are linked to neuronal development and migration and to ciliary functions. However, expression and regulation of these genes in human brain development and neuronal differentiation remain uncharted. Here, we used human long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES, here termed NES) cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to study neuronal differentiation in vitro. We characterized gene expression changes during differentiation by using RNA sequencing and validated dynamics for selected genes by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, we found that genes related to cilia were significantly enriched among upregulated genes during differentiation, including genes linked to ciliopathies with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We confirmed the presence of primary cilia throughout neuronal differentiation. Focusing on dyslexia candidate genes, 33 out of 50 DD candidate genes were detected in NES cells by RNA sequencing, and seven candidate genes were upregulated during differentiation to neurons, including DYX1C1 (DNAAF4), a highly replicated DD candidate gene. Our results suggest a role of ciliary genes in differentiating neuronal cells and show that NES cells provide a relevant human neuronal model to study ciliary and DD candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bieder
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 9, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Masahito Yoshihara
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 9, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 9, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 9, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 9, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland. .,School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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17
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Bowie E, Goetz SC. TTBK2 and primary cilia are essential for the connectivity and survival of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. eLife 2020; 9:51166. [PMID: 31934864 PMCID: PMC7028366 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are vital signaling organelles that extend from most types of cells, including neurons and glia. These structures are essential for development of many tissues and organs; however, their function in adult tissues, particularly neurons in the brain, remains largely unknown. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a critical regulator of ciliogenesis, and is also mutated in a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11). Here, we show that conditional knockout of Ttbk2 in adult mice results in degenerative cerebellar phenotypes that recapitulate aspects of SCA11 including motor coordination deficits and defects to Purkinje cell (PC) integrity. We also find that the Ttbk2 conditional mutant mice quickly lose cilia throughout the brain. We show that conditional knockout of the key ciliary trafficking gene Ift88 in adult mice results in nearly identical cerebellar phenotypes to those of the Ttbk2 knockout, indicating that disruption of ciliary signaling is a key driver of these phenotypes. Our data suggest that primary cilia play an integral role in maintaining the function of PCs in the adult cerebellum and reveal novel insights into mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bowie
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Sarah C Goetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
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18
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Sarkisian MR, Semple-Rowland SL. Emerging Roles of Primary Cilia in Glioma. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:55. [PMID: 30842728 PMCID: PMC6391589 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are typically present on cells during the G0 or G1-S/G2 phases of the cell cycle. Recent studies of glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies, a brain tumor that is notorious for its aggressive growth and resistance to treatment, show that many cells in the tumor lack cilia. At this point, it remains unclear whether primary cilia promote or suppress glioma tumorigenesis. In this review, we will discuss the different roles that have been proposed for primary cilia in glioma and how cilia may contribute to the resistance of these tumors to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Susan L Semple-Rowland
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Sterpka A, Chen X. Neuronal and astrocytic primary cilia in the mature brain. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:114-121. [PMID: 30291873 PMCID: PMC6410375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are tiny microtubule-based signaling devices that regulate a variety of physiological functions, including metabolism and cell division. Defects in primary cilia lead to a myriad of diseases in humans such as obesity and cancers. In the mature brain, both neurons and astrocytes contain a single primary cilium. Although neuronal primary cilia are not directly involved in synaptic communication, their pathophysiological impacts on obesity and mental disorders are well recognized. In contrast, research on astrocytic primary cilia lags far behind. Currently, little is known about their functions and molecular pathways in the mature brain. Unlike neurons, postnatal astrocytes retain the capacity of cell division and can become reactive and proliferate in response to various brain insults such as epilepsy, ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative β-amyloid plaques. Since primary cilia derive from the mother centrioles, astrocyte proliferation must occur in coordination with the dismantling and ciliogenesis of astrocyte cilia. In this regard, the functions, signal pathways, and structural dynamics of neuronal and astrocytic primary cilia are fundamentally different. Here we discuss and compare the current understanding of neuronal and astrocytic primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Sterpka
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, United States
| | - Xuanmao Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, United States.
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McAllister JP, Guerra MM, Ruiz LC, Jimenez AJ, Dominguez-Pinos D, Sival D, den Dunnen W, Morales DM, Schmidt RE, Rodriguez EM, Limbrick DD. Ventricular Zone Disruption in Human Neonates With Intraventricular Hemorrhage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:358-375. [PMID: 28521038 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine if ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) alterations are associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, we compared postmortem frontal and subcortical brain samples from 12 infants with IVH and 3 nonneurological disease controls without hemorrhages or ventriculomegaly. Birth and expiration estimated gestational ages were 23.0-39.1 and 23.7-44.1 weeks, respectively; survival ranges were 0-42 days (median, 2.0 days). Routine histology and immunohistochemistry for neural stem cells (NSCs), neural progenitors (NPs), multiciliated ependymal cells (ECs), astrocytes (AS), and cell adhesion molecules were performed. Controls exhibited monociliated NSCs and multiciliated ECs lining the ventricles, abundant NPs in the SVZ, and medial vs. lateral wall differences with a complex mosaic organization in the latter. In IVH cases, normal VZ/SVZ areas were mixed with foci of NSC and EC loss, eruption of cells into the ventricle, cytoplasmic transposition of N-cadherin, subependymal rosettes, and periventricular heterotopia. Mature AS populated areas believed to be sites of VZ disruption. The cytopathology and extension of the VZ disruption correlated with developmental age but not with brain hemorrhage grade or location. These results corroborate similar findings in congenital hydrocephalus in animals and humans and indicate that VZ disruption occurs consistently in premature neonates with IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P McAllister
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Maria Montserrat Guerra
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Leandro Castaneyra Ruiz
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Antonio J Jimenez
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Dolores Dominguez-Pinos
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Deborah Sival
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Wilfred den Dunnen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Diego M Morales
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Robert E Schmidt
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - Esteban M Rodriguez
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
| | - David D Limbrick
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (JPM, LCR, DMM, DDL); Instituto de Antomía, Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (MMG, EMR); Instituto de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain (AJJ, DDP); Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (DS, WD); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (RES); and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (DDL)
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Mitchison HM, Valente EM. Motile and non-motile cilia in human pathology: from function to phenotypes. J Pathol 2017; 241:294-309. [PMID: 27859258 DOI: 10.1002/path.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are inherited human disorders caused by both motile and non-motile cilia dysfunction that form an important and rapidly expanding disease category. Ciliopathies are complex conditions to diagnose, being multisystem disorders characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability with high levels of lethality. There is marked phenotypic overlap among distinct ciliopathy syndromes that presents a major challenge for their recognition, diagnosis, and clinical management, in addition to posing an on-going task to develop the most appropriate family counselling. The impact of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput technologies in the last decade has significantly improved our understanding of the biological basis of ciliopathy disorders, enhancing our ability to determine the possible reasons for the extensive overlap in their symptoms and genetic aetiologies. Here, we review the diverse functions of cilia in human health and disease and discuss a growing shift away from the classical clinical definitions of ciliopathy syndromes to a more functional categorization. This approach arises from our improved understanding of this unique organelle, revealed through new genetic and cell biological insights into the discrete functioning of subcompartments of the cilium (basal body, transition zone, intraflagellar transport, motility). Mutations affecting these distinct ciliary protein modules can confer different genetic diseases and new clinical classifications are possible to define, according to the nature and extent of organ involvement. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
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Morton PD, Ishibashi N, Jonas RA. Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities and Congenital Heart Disease: Insights Into Altered Brain Maturation. Circ Res 2017; 120:960-977. [PMID: 28302742 PMCID: PMC5409515 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past 2 decades, it has become evident that individuals born with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of developing life-long neurological deficits. Multifactorial risk factors contributing to neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with CHD have been identified; however, the underlying causes remain largely unknown, and efforts to address this issue have only recently begun. There has been a dramatic shift in focus from newly acquired brain injuries associated with corrective and palliative heart surgery to antenatal and preoperative factors governing altered brain maturation in CHD. In this review, we describe key time windows of development during which the immature brain is vulnerable to injury. Special emphasis is placed on the dynamic nature of cellular events and how CHD may adversely impact the cellular units and networks necessary for proper cognitive and motor function. In addition, we describe current gaps in knowledge and offer perspectives about what can be done to improve our understanding of neurological deficits in CHD. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach will be essential to prevent or improve adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in individuals surviving CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Morton
- From the Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- From the Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.
| | - Richard A Jonas
- From the Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.
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23
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Lee J, Yi S, Kang YE, Chang JY, Kim JT, Sul HJ, Kim JO, Kim JM, Kim J, Porcelli AM, Kim KS, Shong M. Defective ciliogenesis in thyroid hürthle cell tumors is associated with increased autophagy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:79117-79130. [PMID: 27816963 PMCID: PMC5346702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are found in the apical membrane of thyrocytes, where they may play a role in the maintenance of follicular homeostasis. In this study, we examined the distribution of primary cilia in the human thyroid cancer to address the involvement of abnormal ciliogenesis in different thyroid cancers. We examined 92 human thyroid tissues, including nodular hyperplasia, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, follicular tumor, Hürthle cell tumor, and papillary carcinoma to observe the distribution of primary cilia. The distribution and length of primary cilia facing the follicular lumen were uniform across variable-sized follicles in the normal thyroid gland. However, most Hürthle cells found in benign and malignant thyroid diseases were devoid of primary cilia. Conventional variant of papillary carcinoma (PTC) displayed longer primary cilia than those of healthy tissue, whereas both the frequency and length of primary cilia were decreased in oncocytic variant of PTC. In addition, ciliogenesis was markedly defective in primary Hürthle cell tumors, including Hürthle cell adenomas and carcinomas, which showed higher level of autophagosome biogenesis. Remarkably, inhibition of autophagosome formation by Atg5 silencing or treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of autophagosome formation restored ciliogenesis in the Hürthle cell carcinoma cell line XTC.UC1 which exhibits a high basal autophagic flux. Moreover, the inhibition of autophagy promoted the accumulation of two factors critical for ciliogenesis, IFT88 and ARL13B. These results suggest that abnormal ciliogenesis, a common feature of Hürthle cells in diseased thyroid glands, is associated with increased basal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ok Kim
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy and Interdepartmental Industrial Research Center on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Panigrahy A, Lee V, Ceschin R, Zuccoli G, Beluk N, Khalifa O, Votava-Smith JK, DeBrunner M, Munoz R, Domnina Y, Morell V, Wearden P, De Toledo JS, Devine W, Zahid M, Lo CW. Brain Dysplasia Associated with Ciliary Dysfunction in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease. J Pediatr 2016; 178:141-148.e1. [PMID: 27574995 PMCID: PMC5085835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test for associations between abnormal respiratory ciliary motion (CM) and brain abnormalities in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) STUDY DESIGN: We recruited 35 infants with CHD preoperatively and performed nasal tissue biopsy to assess respiratory CM by videomicroscopy. Cranial ultrasound scan and brain magnetic resonance imaging were obtained pre- and/or postoperatively and systematically reviewed for brain abnormalities. Segmentation was used to quantitate cerebrospinal fluid and regional brain volumes. Perinatal and perioperative clinical variables were collected. RESULTS A total of 10 (28.5%) patients with CHD had abnormal CM. Abnormal CM was not associated with brain injury but was correlated with increased extraaxial cerebrospinal fluid volume (P < .001), delayed brain maturation (P < .05), and a spectrum of subtle dysplasia including the hippocampus (P < .0078) and olfactory bulb (P < .034). Abnormal CM was associated with higher composite dysplasia score (P < .001), and both were correlated with elevated preoperative serum lactate (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal respiratory CM in infants with CHD is associated with a spectrum of brain dysplasia. These findings suggest that ciliary defects may play a role in brain dysplasia in patients with CHD and have the potential to prognosticate neurodevelopmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Vincent Lee
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Giulio Zuccoli
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Nancy Beluk
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Omar Khalifa
- Dept. of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jodie K Votava-Smith
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Cardiology, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles., Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark DeBrunner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ricardo Munoz
- Cardiac Intensive Care Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yuliya Domnina
- Cardiac Intensive Care Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Victor Morell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peter Wearden
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joan Sanchez De Toledo
- Cardiac Intensive Care Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William Devine
- Dept. of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Dept. of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Dept. of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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25
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Lepanto P, Badano JL, Zolessi FR. Neuron's little helper: The role of primary cilia in neurogenesis. NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1253363. [PMID: 28090545 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1253363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The generation of new neurons involves a great variety of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. The primary cilium, long regarded as an "evolutionary vestige," has emerged as an essential signaling hub in many cells, including neural progenitors and differentiating neurons. Most progenitors harbor an apically-localized primary cilium, which is assembled and disassembled following the cell cycle, while the presence, position and length of this organelle appears to be even more variable in differentiating neurons. One of the main extracellular cues acting through the cilium is Sonic Hedgehog, which modulates spatial patterning, the progression of the cell cycle and the timing of neurogenesis. Other extracellular signals appear to bind to cilia-localized receptors and affect processes such as dendritogenesis. All the observed dynamics, as well as the many signaling pathways depending on cilia, indicate this organelle as an important structure involved in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lepanto
- Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Flavio R Zolessi
- Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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26
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Geddes GC, Stamm K, Mitchell M, Mussatto KA, Tomita-Mitchell A. Ciliopathy variant burden and developmental delay in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Genet Med 2016; 19:711-714. [PMID: 27787502 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and developmental delay will have a higher average summative C-score in ciliopathy genes than patients with HLHS without developmental delay. METHODS Ciliopathy gene variant burden was determined utilizing a summative C-score for 14 ciliopathy genes in children with HLHS (n = 24). Mean summative C-scores were compared between children with and without developmental delay. Genome-wide randomizing gene sets were evaluated as a scoring control. RESULTS Children with developmental delay had a mean summative C-score of 4.05 in ciliopathy genes as compared to a mean summative C-score of 2.02 for children without developmental delay. This difference in means was higher than 99.1% (empirical P value <0.01) of 2 million random lists of 14 genes. CONCLUSION Genetically complex disorders such as ciliopathies can be assessed to determine phenotypic risk with summative C-score in appropriately chosen gene sets. If these results are replicated in subsequent cohorts, a diagnostic gene panel could identify risk for developmental delay and other ciliopathy-related comorbidities in infants with congenital heart disease.Genet Med advance online publication 27 October 2016Genetics in Medicine (2016); doi:10.1038/gim.2016.167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle C Geddes
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karl Stamm
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathleen A Mussatto
- Herma Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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27
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Ramos RL, Toia AR, Pasternack DM, Dotzler TP, Cuoco JA, Esposito AW, Le MM, Parker AK, Goodman JH, Sarkisian MR. Neuroanatomical characterization of the cellular and axonal architecture of subcortical band heterotopia in the BXD29-Tlr4 lps-2J/J mouse cortex. Neuroscience 2016; 337:48-65. [PMID: 27595889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) are malformations of the human cerebral cortex typically associated with epilepsy and cognitive delay/disability. Rodent models of SBH have demonstrated strong face validity as they are accompanied by both cognitive deficits and spontaneous seizures or reduced seizure threshold. BXD29-Tlr4lps-2J/J recombinant inbred mice display striking bilateral SBH, partial callosal agenesis, morphological changes in subcortical structures of the auditory pathway, and display sensory deficits in behavioral tests (Rosen et al., 2013; Truong et al., 2013, 2015). Surprisingly, these mice show no cognitive deficits and have a higher seizure threshold to chemi-convulsive treatment (Gabel et al., 2013) making them different than other rodent SBH models described previously. In the present report, we perform a detailed characterization of the cellular and axonal constituents of SBH in BXD29-Tlr4lps-2J/J mice and demonstrate that various types of interneurons and glia as well as cortical and subcortical projections are found in SBH. In addition, the length of neuronal cilia was reduced in SBH compared to neurons in the overlying and adjacent normotopic cortex. Finally, we describe additional and novel malformations of the hippocampus and neocortex present in BXD29-Tlr4lps-2J/J mice. Together, our findings in BXD29-Tlr4lps-2J/J mice are discussed in the context of the known neuroanatomy and phenotype of other SBH rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raddy L Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Alyssa R Toia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Daniel M Pasternack
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Timothy P Dotzler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Joshua A Cuoco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Anthony W Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Megan M Le
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244, USA
| | - Alexander K Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Goodman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244, USA.
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28
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Dynamic regulation of RNA editing in human brain development and disease. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1093-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Tammimies K, Bieder A, Lauter G, Sugiaman-Trapman D, Torchet R, Hokkanen ME, Burghoorn J, Castrén E, Kere J, Tapia-Páez I, Swoboda P. Ciliary dyslexia candidate genes DYX1C1 and DCDC2 are regulated by Regulatory Factor X (RFX) transcription factors through X-box promoter motifs. FASEB J 2016; 30:3578-3587. [PMID: 27451412 PMCID: PMC5024701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500124rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DYX1C1, DCDC2, and KIAA0319 are
three of the most replicated dyslexia candidate genes (DCGs). Recently, these DCGs
were implicated in functions at the cilium. Here, we investigate the regulation of
these DCGs by Regulatory Factor X transcription factors (RFX TFs), a gene family
known for transcriptionally regulating ciliary genes. We identify conserved X-box
motifs in the promoter regions of DYX1C1, DCDC2, and
KIAA0319 and demonstrate their functionality, as well as the
ability to recruit RFX TFs using reporter gene and electrophoretic mobility shift
assays. Furthermore, we uncover a complex regulation pattern between
RFX1, RFX2, and RFX3 and their
significant effect on modifying the endogenous expression of DYX1C1
and DCDC2 in a human retinal pigmented epithelial cell line
immortalized with hTERT (hTERT-RPE1). In addition, induction of ciliogenesis
increases the expression of RFX TFs and DCGs. At the protein level, we show that
endogenous DYX1C1 localizes to the base of the cilium, whereas DCDC2 localizes along
the entire axoneme of the cilium, thereby validating earlier localization studies
using overexpression models. Our results corroborate the emerging role of DCGs in
ciliary function and characterize functional noncoding elements, X-box promoter
motifs, in DCG promoter regions, which thus can be targeted for mutation screening in
dyslexia and ciliopathies associated with these genes.—Tammimies, K., Bieder,
A., Lauter, G., Sugiaman-Trapman, D., Torchet, R., Hokkanen, M.-E., Burghoorn, J.,
Castrén, E., Kere, J., Tapia-Páez, I., Swoboda, P. Ciliary dyslexia
candidate genes DYX1C1 and DCDC2 are regulated by
Regulatory Factor (RF) X transcription factors through X-box promoter motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Tammimies
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Bieder
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gilbert Lauter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Rachel Torchet
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Burghoorn
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabel Tapia-Páez
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Peter Swoboda
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden;
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30
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Guadiana SM, Parker AK, Filho GF, Sequeira A, Semple-Rowland S, Shaw G, Mandel RJ, Foster TC, Kumar A, Sarkisian MR. Type 3 Adenylyl Cyclase and Somatostatin Receptor 3 Expression Persists in Aged Rat Neocortical and Hippocampal Neuronal Cilia. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:127. [PMID: 27303293 PMCID: PMC4885836 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilia of forebrain neurons assemble around birth and become enriched with neuromodulatory receptors. Our understanding of the permanence of these structures and their associated signaling pathways in the aging brain is poor, but they are worthy of investigation because disruptions in neuronal cilia signaling have been implicated in changes in learning and memory, depression-like symptoms, and sleep anomalies. Here, we asked whether neurons in aged forebrain retain primary cilia and whether the staining characteristics of aged cilia for type 3 adenylyl cyclase (ACIII), somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), and pericentrin resemble those of cilia in younger forebrain. To test this, we analyzed immunostained sections of forebrain tissues taken from young and aged male Fischer 344 (F344) and F344 × Brown Norway (F344 × BN) rats. Analyses of ACIII and SSTR3 in young and aged cortices of both strains of rats revealed that the staining patterns in the neocortex and hippocampus were comparable. Virtually every NeuN positive cell examined possessed an ACIII positive cilium. The lengths of ACIII positive cilia in neocortex were similar between young and aged for both strains, whereas in F344 × BN hippocampus, the cilia lengths increased with age in CA1 and CA3, but not in dentate gyrus (DG). Additionally, the percentages of ACIII positive cilia that were also SSTR3 positive did not differ between young and aged tissues in either strain. We also found that pericentrin, a protein that localizes to the basal bodies of neuronal cilia and functions in primary cilia assembly, persisted in aged cortical neurons of both rat strains. Collectively, our data show that neurons in aged rat forebrain possess primary cilia and that these cilia, like those present in younger brain, continue to localize ACIII, SSTR3, and pericentrin. Further studies will be required to determine if the function and signaling pathways regulated by cilia are similar in aged compared to young brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Guadiana
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander K Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gileno F Filho
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashton Sequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan Semple-Rowland
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gerry Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; EnCor Biotechnology Inc.Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald J Mandel
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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Neonatal seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol or kainic acid disrupt primary cilia growth on developing mouse cortical neurons. Exp Neurol 2016; 282:119-27. [PMID: 27181411 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal or early-life seizures (ELS) are often associated with life-long neurophysiological, cognitive and behavioral deficits, but the underlying mechanisms contributing to these deficits remain poorly understood. Newborn, post-migratory cortical neurons sprout ciliary buds (procilia) that mature into primary cilia. Disruption of the growth or signaling capabilities of these cilia has been linked to atypical neurite outgrowth from neurons and abnormalities in neuronal circuitry. Here, we tested the hypothesis that generalized seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) or kainic acid (KA) during early postnatal development impair neuronal and/or glial ciliogenesis. Mice received PTZ (50 or 100mg/kg), KA (2mg/kg), or saline either once at birth (P0), or once daily from P0 to P4. Using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, the cilia of neurons and glia were examined at P7, P14, and P42. A total of 83 regions were analyzed, representing 13 unique neocortical and hippocampal regions. Neuronal cilia were identified by co-expression of NeuN and type 3 adenylyl cyclase (ACIII) or somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), while glial cilia were identified by co-expression of GFAP, Arl13b, and gamma-tubulin. We found that PTZ exposure at either P0 or from P0 to P4 induced convulsive behavior, followed by acute and lasting effects on neuronal cilia lengths that varied depending on the cortical region, PTZ dose, injection frequency, and time post-PTZ. Both increases and decreases in neuronal cilia length were observed. No changes in the length of glial cilia were observed under any of the test conditions. Lastly, we found that a single KA seizure at P0 led to similar abnormalities in neuronal cilia lengths. Our results suggest that seizure(s) occurring during early stages of cortical development induce persistent and widespread changes in neuronal cilia length. Given the impact neuronal cilia have on neuronal differentiation, ELS-induced changes in ciliogenesis may contribute to long-term pathology and abnormal cortical function.
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32
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Bodle JC, Loboa EG. Concise Review: Primary Cilia: Control Centers for Stem Cell Lineage Specification and Potential Targets for Cell-Based Therapies. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1445-54. [PMID: 26866419 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Directing stem cell lineage commitment prevails as the holy grail of translational stem cell research, particularly to those interested in the application of mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells in tissue engineering. However, elucidating the mechanisms underlying their phenotypic specification persists as an active area of research. In recent studies, the primary cilium structure has been intimately associated with defining cell phenotype, maintaining stemness, as well as functioning in a chemo, electro, and mechanosensory capacity in progenitor and committed cell types. Many hypothesize that the primary cilium may indeed be another important player in defining and controlling cell phenotype, concomitant with lineage-dictated cytoskeletal dynamics. Many of the studies on the primary cilium have emerged from disparate areas of biological research, and crosstalk amongst these areas of research is just beginning. To date, there has not been a thorough review of how primary cilia fit into the current paradigm of stem cell differentiation and this review aims to summarize the current cilia work in this context. The goal of this review is to highlight the cilium's function and integrate this knowledge into the working knowledge of stem cell biologists and tissue engineers developing regenerative medicine technologies. Stem Cells 2016;34:1445-1454.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Bodle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,College of Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia Columbia, Missouri, USA
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33
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Novas R, Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Irigoín F, Badano JL. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Is it only cilia dysfunction? FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3479-91. [PMID: 26231314 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous, pleiotropic disorder, characterized by both congenital and late onset defects. From the analysis of the mutational burden in patients to the functional characterization of the BBS proteins, this syndrome has become a model for both understanding oligogenic patterns of inheritance and the biology of a particular cellular organelle: the primary cilium. Here we briefly review the genetics of BBS to then focus on the function of the BBS proteins, not only in the context of the cilium but also highlighting potential extra-ciliary roles that could be relevant to the etiology of the disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of how the study of this rare syndrome has contributed to the understanding of cilia biology and how this knowledge has informed on the cellular basis of different clinical manifestations that characterize BBS and the ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossina Novas
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
| | | | - Florencia Irigoín
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo CP11800, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay.
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