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Maslov LN, Naryzhnaya NV, Voronkov NS, Kurbatov BK, Derkachev IA, Ryabov VV, Vyshlov EV, Kolpakov VV, Tomilova EA, Sapozhenkova EV, Singh N, Fu F, Pei J. The role of β-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. Why do β-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists protect the heart? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:658-673. [PMID: 38423796 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamines and β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) play an important role in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to the impact of ischemia and reperfusion. This systematic review analyzed the molecular mechanisms of the cardioprotective activity of β-AR ligands. METHODS We performed an electronic search of topical articles using PubMed databases from 1966 to 2023. We cited original in vitro and in vivo studies and review articles that documented the cardioprotective properties of β-AR agonists and antagonists. RESULTS The infarct-reducing effect of β-AR antagonists did not depend on a decrease in the heart rate. The target for β-blockers is not only cardiomyocytes but also neutrophils. β1-blockers (metoprolol, propranolol, timolol) and the selective β2-AR agonist arformoterol have an infarct-reducing effect in coronary artery occlusion (CAO) in animals. Antagonists of β1- and β2-АR (metoprolol, propranolol, nadolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol, esmolol) are able to prevent reperfusion cardiac injury. All β-AR ligands that reduced infarct size are the selective or nonselective β1-blockers. It was hypothesized that β1-AR blocking promotes an increase in cardiac tolerance to I/R. The activation of β1-AR, β2-AR, and β3-AR can increase cardiac tolerance to I/R. The cardioprotective effect of β-AR agonists is mediated via the activation of kinases and reactive oxygen species production. CONCLUSIONS It is unclear why β-blockers with the similar receptor selectivity have the infarct-sparing effect while other β-blockers with the same selectivity do not affect infarct size. What is the molecular mechanism of the infarct-reducing effect of β-blockers in reperfusion? Why did in early studies β-blockers decrease the mortality rate in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and without reperfusion and in more recent studies β-blockers had no effect on the mortality rate in patients with AMI and reperfusion? The creation of more effective β-AR ligands depends on the answers to these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikita S Voronkov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Boris K Kurbatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Derkachev
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V Ryabov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Vyshlov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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2
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Golubnitschaja O, Kapinova A, Sargheini N, Bojkova B, Kapalla M, Heinrich L, Gkika E, Kubatka P. Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation. EPMA J 2024; 15:163-205. [PMID: 38841620 PMCID: PMC11148002 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite their subordination in humans, to a great extent, mitochondria maintain their independent status but tightly cooperate with the "host" on protecting the joint life quality and minimizing health risks. Under oxidative stress conditions, healthy mitochondria promptly increase mitophagy level to remove damaged "fellows" rejuvenating the mitochondrial population and sending fragments of mtDNA as SOS signals to all systems in the human body. As long as metabolic pathways are under systemic control and well-concerted together, adaptive mechanisms become triggered increasing systemic protection, activating antioxidant defense and repair machinery. Contextually, all attributes of mitochondrial patho-/physiology are instrumental for predictive medical approach and cost-effective treatments tailored to individualized patient profiles in primary (to protect vulnerable individuals again the health-to-disease transition) and secondary (to protect affected individuals again disease progression) care. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds demonstrating health-promoting, illness-preventing, and other health-related benefits. Keeping in mind health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals along with their great therapeutic potential and safety profile, there is a permanently growing demand on the application of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals. Application of nutraceuticals is beneficial only if meeting needs at individual level. Therefore, health risk assessment and creation of individualized patient profiles are of pivotal importance followed by adapted nutraceutical sets meeting individual needs. Based on the scientific evidence available for mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals, this article presents examples of frequent medical conditions, which require protective measures targeted on mitochondria as a holistic approach following advanced concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) in primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marko Kapalla
- Negentropic Systems, Ružomberok, Slovakia
- PPPM Centre, s.r.o., Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Luisa Heinrich
- Institute of General Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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3
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Bețiu AM, Noveanu L, Hâncu IM, Lascu A, Petrescu L, Maack C, Elmér E, Muntean DM. Mitochondrial Effects of Common Cardiovascular Medications: The Good, the Bad and the Mixed. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13653. [PMID: 36362438 PMCID: PMC9656474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system via the integration of several physiological processes, such as ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation, synthesis/exchange of metabolites, calcium sequestration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production/buffering and control of cellular survival/death. Mitochondrial impairment has been widely recognized as a central pathomechanism of almost all cardiovascular diseases, rendering these organelles important therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the setting of drug-induced toxicity in several tissues and organs, including the heart. Members of the drug classes currently used in the therapeutics of cardiovascular pathologies have been reported to both support and undermine mitochondrial function. For the latter case, mitochondrial toxicity is the consequence of drug interference (direct or off-target effects) with mitochondrial respiration/energy conversion, DNA replication, ROS production and detoxification, cell death signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. The present narrative review aims to summarize the beneficial and deleterious mitochondrial effects of common cardiovascular medications as described in various experimental models and identify those for which evidence for both types of effects is available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M. Bețiu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Noveanu
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina M. Hâncu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ana Lascu
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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Naryzhnaya NV, Maslov LN, Derkachev IA, Ma H, Zhang Y, Prasad NR, Singh N, Fu F, Pei JM, Sarybaev A, Sydykov A. The effect of adaptation to hypoxia on cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. J Biomed Res 2022:1-25. [PMID: 37183617 PMCID: PMC10387748 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), both associated with acute cardiac ischemia, are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries. The development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine. A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) may contribute to the development of these methods. Chronic hypoxia exerts both positive and adverse effects. The positive effects are the infarct-reducing, vasoprotective, and antiarrhythmic effects, which can lead to the improvement of cardiac contractility in reperfusion. The adverse effects are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of how CH enhances cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. It is an in-depth analysis of the published data on the underlying mechanisms, which can lead to future development of the cardioprotective effect of CH. A better understanding of the CH-activated protective signaling pathways may contribute to new therapeutic approaches in an increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.
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5
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Zhang J, Powell C, Meruvu S, Sonkar R, Choudhury M. Pyrroloquinoline quinone attenuated benzyl butyl phthalate induced metabolic aberration and a hepatic metabolomic analysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114883. [PMID: 34971587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) has recently been implicated as an obesogen. Our recent study demonstrated that BBP can exacerbate high fat diet (HFD) induced diabesity in male mice. Here, we explored if pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a natural antioxidant andphytochemical, can attenuate metabolic aberrations induced by HFD or HFD-BBPcombination. C57Bl/6 male and female mice were fed either a chow diet (CD) or HFD with or without BBP (3 mg/kg body weight/day)and/or PQQ (20 mg/kg/day)for 16 weeks. The mice's body and tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, glucose and insulin tolerance test, and liver metabolites level weremeasured. In HFD-fed male mice, PQQ significantly attenuated the increased body weight, liver weight, fasting blood glucose, and insulin intolerance under BBP exposure.Even though female mice did show some reversal of metabolic characteristics by PQQ, the response was not similar nor consistent with the male population. Amongthe 14 hepatic metabolites that were significantly altered by HFD compared to CD, only three major metabolites (acetyl-L-carnitine, DL-stachytine, and propionylcarnitine) were decreased. These three were shown to have more reduction under BBP exposure in the presence of HFD whereas with addition of PQQ, these metabolites were restored. Pathway analysis and literature search revealed that these metabolites were negatively associated with obesity and were involved in several pathways including beta-oxidation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. Overall,this finding indicated the potential use of PQQ to restore thewide range of aberrant metabolic effectinduced by an obesogen in the presence of a western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Catherine Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Sunitha Meruvu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Ravi Sonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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6
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Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Is More Than an Antioxidant: A Vitamin-like Accessory Factor Important in Health and Disease Prevention. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101441. [PMID: 34680074 PMCID: PMC8533503 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is associated with biological processes such as mitochondriogenesis, reproduction, growth, and aging. In addition, PQQ attenuates clinically relevant dysfunctions (e.g., those associated with ischemia, inflammation and lipotoxicity). PQQ is novel among biofactors that are not currently accepted as vitamins or conditional vitamins. For example, the absence of PQQ in diets produces a response like a vitamin-related deficiency with recovery upon PQQ repletion in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, potential health benefits, such as improved metabolic flexibility and immuno-and neuroprotection, are associated with PQQ supplementation. Here, we address PQQ's role as an enzymatic cofactor or accessory factor and highlight mechanisms underlying PQQ's actions. We review both large scale and targeted datasets demonstrating that a neonatal or perinatal PQQ deficiency reduces mitochondria content and mitochondrial-related gene expression. Data are reviewed that suggest PQQ's modulation of lactate acid and perhaps other dehydrogenases enhance NAD+-dependent sirtuin activity, along with the sirtuin targets, such as PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2 and TFAM; thus, mediating mitochondrial functions. Taken together, current observations suggest vitamin-like PQQ has strong potential as a potent therapeutic nutraceutical.
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7
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu T, Ke C, Huang J, Fu Y, Lin Z, Chen F, Wu X, Chen Q. Pyrroloquinoline quinone protects against exercise-induced fatigue and oxidative damage via improving mitochondrial function in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21394. [PMID: 33710654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001977rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has a variety of biological functions. However, rare attention has been paid to its effects on exercise-induced damage. Here, we assessed the potential protective effects of PQQ against the fatigue and oxidative damage caused by repeated exhaustive exercise, and studied the underlying mechanism. The models for exercise-induced fatigue were established, and the parameters were measured, including the time to exhaustion (TTE), biochemical indicators, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inflammatory cytokines and so on. Besides, the mitochondrial function was evaluated by the morphology, membrane potential, respiratory function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and the application of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. The results demonstrate that PQQ prolongs TTE, causes the decrease in the activity of serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and diminishes the over expression of NF-κB (p65) and inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, PQQ preserves normal mitochondrial function. Particularly, PQQ reduces the accumulation of ROS triggered by the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. These data suggest that PQQ can significantly protect mice from exercise-induced fatigue and oxidative damage by improving mitochondrial function. These data also suggest that PQQ controls mitochondrial activity through directly affecting the NADH dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Funjian, China.,School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,The Key Laboratory of General Administration of Sport of China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Sports and Health, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yingyong Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chongrong Ke
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Funjian, China.,College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Funjian, China.,College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuqin Wu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,The Key Laboratory of General Administration of Sport of China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Funjian, China.,College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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8
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Wen H, He Y, Zhang K, Yang X, Hao D, Jiang Y, He B. Mini-review: Functions and Action Mechanisms of PQQ in Osteoporosis and Neuro Injury. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:32-36. [PMID: 30526470 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666181210165539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is the third coenzyme found after niacinamide and flavone nucleotides and is widely present in microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans. PQQ can stimulate the growth of organisms and is very important for the growth, development and reproduction of animals. Owing to the inherent properties of PQQ as an antioxidant and redox modulator in various systems. In recent years, the role of PQQ in the field of osteoporosis and neuro injury has become a research hotspot. This article mainly discusses the derivatives, distribution of PQQ, in vitro models of osteoporosis and neuro injury, and the research progress of its mechanism of action. It provides new ideas in the study of osteoporosis and neuro injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Yan'an University Medical School, Yan'an, China
| | - Yuan He
- Fifth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an , China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Yan'an University Medical School, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Wen J, Shen J, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Dai Z, Jin Y. Pyrroloquinoline quinone attenuates isoproterenol hydrochloride‑induced cardiac hypertrophy in AC16 cells by inhibiting the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:873-885. [PMID: 31922230 PMCID: PMC7015139 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a naturally occurring redox co-factor that functions as an essential nutrient and antioxidant, and has been reported to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, the therapeutic potential of PQQ for isoproterenol hydrochloride (Iso)-induced cardiac hypertrophy has not yet been explored, at least to the best of our knowledge. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of PQQ were investigated in Iso-treated AC16 cells, a myocardial injury cellular model characterized by an increase in the apparent surface area of the cells and the activation of intracellular cardiac hypertrophy-associated proteins. The results revealed that pre-treatment with PQQ significantly inhibited the expression of cardiac hypertrophy marker proteins, such as atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain. PQQ also inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in Iso-treated AC16 cells, thus inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and reducing the phosphorylation levels of p65. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that PQQ may be a promising therapeutic agent for effectively reversing the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Wen
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University Affiliated EAST Hospital, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhou
- Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Zhao
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhensheng Dai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Yueling Jin
- Department of Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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10
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Arauna D, Furrianca M, Espinosa-Parrilla Y, Fuentes E, Alarcón M, Palomo I. Natural Bioactive Compounds As Protectors Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular Diseases And Aging. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234259. [PMID: 31766727 PMCID: PMC6930637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet, has been considered as a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in the world. Aging is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which have an oxidative pathophysiological component, being the mitochondria one of the key organelles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Certain natural bioactive compounds have the ability to regulate oxidative phosphorylation, the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of mitochondrial proteins; but their efficacy within the mitochondrial physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases has not been clarified yet. The following review has the purpose of evaluating several natural compounds with evidence of mitochondrial effect in cardiovascular disease models, ascertaining the main cellular mechanisms and their potential use as functional foods for prevention of cardiovascular disease and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
| | - María Furrianca
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Departamento de enfermería, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine —LMM, Center for Education, Healthcare and Investigation—CADI, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
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11
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Wang Z, Han N, Zhao K, Li Y, Chi Y, Wang B. Protective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and inflammation in human renal tubular epithelial cells via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:445-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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STIM2 knockdown protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury through reducing mitochondrial calcium overload and preserving mitochondrial function. Life Sci 2019; 247:116560. [PMID: 31200000 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by calcium overload is a vital factor for mediating cardiomyocyte death following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The stromal interactive molecule 2 (STIM2) is a calcium sensor protein that regulates the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Whereas, whether STIM2 is associated with I/R injury remains largely unclear. We report here that STIM2, but not its homologue STIM1, is upregulated in cultured H9c2 cells, a cell model for cardiomyocytes, following I/R injury. In addition, the knockdown of STIM2, but not STIM1, reduces H9c2 cell apoptosis following I/R injury, and similar results were obtained in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. This anti-apoptotic effect could be attributed to the inhibited activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, STIM2 knockdown reduces ER calcium release and simultaneously alleviates mitochondrial calcium overload in H9c2 cells following I/R injury. Furthermore, STIM2 knockdown decreases mitochondrial injury and preserves mitochondrial function following I/R injury. Collectively, these results suggest that the protective role of STIM2 knockdown against I/R injury in cardiomyocytes is associated with the reduced mitochondrial calcium overload and preserved mitochondrial function. Hence, our study may provide a novel insight into the regulation of mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis following I/R injury.
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13
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Saihara K, Kamikubo R, Ikemoto K, Uchida K, Akagawa M. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone, a Redox-Active o-Quinone, Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6615-6625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Saihara
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kamikubo
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ikemoto
- Niigata
Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata 950-3112, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Akagawa
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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14
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Microbe-mitochondrion crosstalk and health: An emerging paradigm. Mitochondrion 2017; 39:20-25. [PMID: 28838618 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human mitochondria are descendants of microbes and altered mitochondrial function has been implicated in processes ranging from ageing to diabetes. Recent work has highlighted the importance of gut microbial communities in human health and disease. While the spotlight has been on the influence of such communities on the human immune system and the extraction of calories from otherwise indigestible food, an important but less investigated link between the microbes and mitochondria remains unexplored. Microbial metabolites including short chain fatty acids as well as other molecules such as pyrroloquinoline quinone, fermentation gases, and modified fatty acids influence mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the known direct and indirect effects of microbes upon mitochondria and speculates regarding additional links for which there is circumstantial evidence. Overall, while there is compelling evidence that a microbiota-mitochondria link exists, explicit and holistic mechanistic studies are warranted to advance this nascent field.
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15
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Ikemoto K, Mori S, Mukai K. Synthesis and crystal structure of pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:489-497. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a water-soluble quinone compound first identified as a cofactor of alcohol- and glucose-dehydrogenases (ADH and GDH) in bacteria. For example, in the process of ADH reaction, alcohol is oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde, and inversely PQQ is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2). PQQ and PQQH2molecules play an important role as a cofactor in ADH and GDH reactions. However, crystal structure analysis has not been performed for PQQ and PQQH2. In the present study, the synthesis of PQQH2powder crystals was performed under air, by utilizing vitamin C as a reducing agent. By reacting a trihydrate of disodium salt of PQQ (PQQNa2·3H2O) with excess vitamin C in H2O at 293 and 343 K, yellowish brown and black powder crystals of PQQH2having different properties were obtained in high yield, respectively. The former was PQQH2trihydrate (PQQH2·3H2O) and the latter was PQQH2anhydrate (PQQH2). Furthermore, sodium-free red PQQ powder crystal (a monohydrate of PQQ, PQQ·H2O) was prepared by the reaction of PQQNa2·3H2O with HCl in H2O. Single crystals of PQQH2and PQQ were prepared from Me2SO/CH3CN mixed solvent, and we have succeeded in the crystal structure analyses of PQQH2and PQQ for the first time.
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16
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Jonscher KR, Stewart MS, Alfonso-Garcia A, DeFelice BC, Wang XX, Luo Y, Levi M, Heerwagen MJR, Janssen RC, de la Houssaye BA, Wiitala E, Florey G, Jonscher RL, Potma EO, Fiehn O, Friedman JE. Early PQQ supplementation has persistent long-term protective effects on developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammation in obese mice. FASEB J 2016; 31:1434-1448. [PMID: 28007783 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600906r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is widespread in adults and children. Early exposure to maternal obesity or Western-style diet (WD) increases steatosis and oxidative stress in fetal liver and is associated with lifetime disease risk in the offspring. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a natural antioxidant found in soil, enriched in human breast milk, and essential for development in mammals. We investigated whether a supplemental dose of PQQ, provided prenatally in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity during pregnancy, could protect obese offspring from progression of NAFLD. PQQ treatment given pre- and postnatally in WD-fed offspring had no effect on weight gain but increased metabolic flexibility while reducing body fat and liver lipids, compared with untreated obese offspring. Indices of NAFLD, including hepatic ceramide levels, oxidative stress, and expression of proinflammatory genes (Nos2, Nlrp3, Il6, and Ptgs2), were decreased in WD PQQ-fed mice, concomitant with increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes and decreased Pparg expression. Notably, these changes persisted even after PQQ withdrawal at weaning. Our results suggest that supplementation with PQQ, particularly during pregnancy and lactation, protects offspring from WD-induced developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and may help slow the advancing epidemic of NAFLD in the next generation.-Jonscher, K. R., Stewart, M. S., Alfonso-Garcia, A., DeFelice, B. C., Wang, X. X., Luo, Y., Levi, M., Heerwagen, M. J. R., Janssen, R. C., de la Houssaye, B. A., Wiitala, E., Florey, G., Jonscher, R. L., Potma, E. O., Fiehn, O. Friedman, J. E. Early PQQ supplementation has persistent long-term protective effects on developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammation in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Jonscher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
| | - Michael S Stewart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | | | - Brian C DeFelice
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret J R Heerwagen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Becky A de la Houssaye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Ellen Wiitala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Garrett Florey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Raleigh L Jonscher
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Eric O Potma
- Beckman Laser Institute, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA.,Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
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17
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Huang Y, Chen N, Miao D. Radioprotective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone on parotid glands in C57BL/6J mice. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3685-3693. [PMID: 28105098 PMCID: PMC5228579 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ) serve a radioprotective role in parotid gland damage induced by total body irradiation (TBI) in C57BL/6J mice. A total of 15 female 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: i) Untreated control (no irradiation); ii) 4 gray (Gy) X-ray irradiation; iii) 4 Gy X-ray irradiation with additional dietary PQQ (4 mg PQQ/kg in normal diet). Each group included five mice. After 4 weeks, all animals were collected for evaluating the phenotype, body weight, pathological and biochemical parameters. The results indicated that PQQ had biological effects on total body phenotype. PQQ could partially rescue TBI-induced damage to parotid glands. In addition, PQQ served radioprotective effects on parotid glands via multiple mechanisms, such as promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and senescence, upregulating antioxidant ability, scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing DNA damage. The results of the present study demonstrate that PQQ serves a radioprotective role in parotid gland damage induced by TBI, possibly via inhibiting oxidative stress and participating in DNA damage repair. The study provides experimental and theoretical knowledge for the development of radioprotective clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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18
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Glinkerman CM, Boger DL. Catalysis of Heterocyclic Azadiene Cycloaddition Reactions by Solvent Hydrogen Bonding: Concise Total Synthesis of Methoxatin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12408-13. [PMID: 27571404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been examined for decades, no general approach to catalysis of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions of heterocyclic azadienes has been introduced. Typically, additives such as Lewis acids lead to nonproductive consumption of the electron-rich dienophiles without productive activation of the electron-deficient heterocyclic azadienes. Herein, we report the first general method for catalysis of such cycloaddition reactions by using solvent hydrogen bonding of non-nucleophilic perfluoroalcohols, including hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and trifluoroethanol (TFE), to activate the electron-deficient heterocyclic azadienes. Its use in promoting the cycloaddition of 1,2,3-triazine 4 with enamine 3 as the key step of a concise total synthesis of methoxatin is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Glinkerman
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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19
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Akagawa M, Nakano M, Ikemoto K. Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:13-22. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1062715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, was identified initially as a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. Although PQQ is not biosynthesized in mammals, trace amounts of PQQ have been found in human and rat tissues because of its wide distribution in dietary sources. Importantly, nutritional studies in rodents have revealed that PQQ deficiency exhibits diverse systemic responses, including growth impairment, immune dysfunction, and abnormal reproductive performance. Although PQQ is not currently classified as a vitamin, PQQ has been implicated as an important nutrient in mammals. In recent years, PQQ has been receiving much attention owing to its physiological importance and pharmacological effects. In this article, we review the potential health benefits of PQQ with a focus on its growth-promoting activity, anti-diabetic effect, anti-oxidative action, and neuroprotective function. Additionally, we provide an update of its basic pharmacokinetics and safety information in oral ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Akagawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakano
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ikemoto
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc., Niigata, Japan
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20
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Mukai K, Ouchi A, Nagaoka SI, Nakano M, Ikemoto K. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) by vitamin C, and PQQH2 produced is recycled to PQQ by air oxidation in buffer solution at pH 7.4. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:178-87. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1072462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Measurements of the reaction of sodium salt of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQNa2) with vitamin C (Vit C) were performed in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4) at 25 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, using UV–vis spectrophotometry. The absorption spectrum of PQQNa2 decreased in intensity due to the reaction with Vit C and was changed to that of pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2, a reduced form of PQQ). One molecule of PQQ was reduced by two molecules of Vit C producing a molecule of PQQH2 in the buffer solution. PQQH2, thus produced, was recycled to PQQ due to air oxidation. PQQ and Vit C coexist in many biological systems, such as vegetables, fruits, as well as in human tissues. The results obtained suggest that PQQ is reduced by Vit C and functions as an antioxidant in biological systems, because it has been reported that PQQH2 shows very high free-radical scavenging and singlet-oxygen quenching activities in buffer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Mukai
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Aya Ouchi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Nagaoka
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakano
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ikemoto
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
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21
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Yue Y, Dou L, Wang X, Xue H, Song Y, Li X. Screening β1AR inhibitors by cell membrane chromatography and offline UPLC/MS method for protecting myocardial ischemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kumar N, Kar A. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has potential to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress in mice: A histopathological and biochemical study. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:278-90. [PMID: 26343954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced oxidative stress and hyperglycemia are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). As pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is known to protect cells from oxidative stress, the present study was undertaken to reveal the hitherto unknown effects of PQQ in DM and associated problems in different tissues. Forty two mice were randomly divided into six groups. Group I receiving only citrate buffer served as the normal control, while group II animals were injected with citrate buffer and PQQ at 20 mg/kg for 15 days and served as test drug control. Animals of groups III-VI were rendered diabetic by single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 150 mg/kg body weight), following which PQQ at a dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, was injected to the animals of group IV, V and VI respectively for 15 days. At the end, alterations in serum indices such as glucose, different lipids, insulin, amylase, urea, uric acid, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; tissue antioxidants and histopathological alterations in liver, kidney and pancreas were evaluated. STZ-treated animals developed oxidative stress as indicated by a significant increase in tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and lipid hydroperoxide, serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and urea, with a parallel decrease in the levels of serum insulin and tissue antioxidants. When diabetic animals received different doses of PQQ, these adverse effects were ameliorated. However, 20 mg/kg of PQQ appeared to be most effective. Findings revealed for the first time that PQQ has the potential to mitigate STZ-induced DM and oxidative damage in different organs of mice, suggesting that it may ameliorate diabetes mellitus and associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Indore, M.P. 452017, India.
| | - Anand Kar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Indore, M.P. 452017, India
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23
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Huang Y, Chen N, Miao D. Biological effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone on liver damage in Bmi-1 knockout mice. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:451-458. [PMID: 26622336 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been demonstrated to function as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and subsequently protecting the mitochondria from oxidative stress-induced damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PQQ is able to rescue premature senescence in the liver, induced by the deletion of B cell-specific Moloney MLV insertion site-1 (Bmi-1), by inhibiting oxidative stress. In vivo, the mice were allocated into three groups that underwent the following treatment protocols. WT mice received a normal diet, while BKO mice also received a normal diet. An additional group of BKO mice were fed a PQQ-supplemented diet (BKO + PQQ; 4 mg PQQ/kg in the normal diet). The results indicated that PQQ partially rescued the liver damage induced by the deletion of Bmi-1. PQQ was demonstrated to exhibit these therapeutic effects on liver damage through multiple aspects, including the promotion of proliferation, antiapoptotic effects, the inhibition of senescence, the upregulation of antioxidant ability, the downregulation of cell cycle protein expression, the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of DNA damage. The results of these experiments indicated that treatment of BKO mice with a moderate dose of PQQ significantly protected the liver from deleterious effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and participating in DNA damage repair. Therefore, PQQ has great potential as a therapeutic agent against oxidative stress during liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China ; Department of Stomatology, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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24
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Wang X, Cheng Y, Xue H, Yue Y, Zhang W, Li X. Fargesin as a potential β₁ adrenergic receptor antagonist protects the hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:16-25. [PMID: 26025856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fargesin displayed similar chromatographic retention peak to metoprolol in the cardiac muscle/cell membrane chromatography (CM/CMC) and β1 adrenergic receptor/cell membrane chromatography (β1AR/CMC) models. To provide more biological information about fargesin, we investigated the effects of fargesin on isoproterenol-(ISO-) induced cells injury in the high expression β1 adrenergic receptor/Chinese hamster ovary-S (β1AR/CHO-S) cells and occluding the left coronary artery- (LAD-) induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats. The results in vitro showed that ISO-induced canonical cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) levels were decreased by fargesin in β1AR/CHO-S cells. Fargesin attenuated the serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and improved histopathological changes of ischemic myocardium compared with the I/R rats. Similar results were obtained with Evans Blue/TTC staining, in which fargesin notably reduced infarct size. Moreover, compared with the I/R group, fargesin increased COX release and the activities of some endogenous antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), but suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA), and intracellular ROS release. Additionally, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay demonstrated fargesin suppressed myocardial apoptosis, which may be related to inhibition of caspase-3 activity. Taken together, these results provided substantial evidences that fargesin as a potential β1AR antagonist through cAMP/PKA pathway could protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. The underlining mechanism may be related to inhibiting oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Cheng
- Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Kumar N, Kar A. Pyrroloquinoline quinone ameliorates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:71-9. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, leads to several complications through the generation of reactive oxygen species and initiates tissue damage. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is believed to be a strong antioxidant, as it protects cells from oxidative damage. In this study, we elucidated the hitherto unknown potential of PQQ to ameliorate the brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus and the associated hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage. Administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), i.e., 150 mg·(kg body mass)−1significantly enhanced the brain tissue levels of lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxidation and decreased the levels of antioxidants. It also increased the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, when STZ-treated animals received PQQ (20 mg·(kg body mass)−1·d−1, for 15 days), this significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose and lipid peroxidation products, and increased the activities of antioxidants in the diabetic mouse brain. These findings suggest that PQQ has the potential to ameliorate STZ-induced oxidative damage in the brain, as well as the STZ-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Kar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kumar N, Kar A, Panda S. Pyrroloquinoline quinone amelioratesl-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism and associated problems in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:538-46. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cheng Z, Schmelz EM, Liu D, Hulver MW. Targeting mitochondrial alterations to prevent type 2 diabetes-Evidence from studies of dietary redox-active compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1739-49. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
| | - Matthew W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
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Harris CB, Chowanadisai W, Mishchuk DO, Satre MA, Slupsky CM, Rucker RB. Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjects. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2076-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ouchi A, Ikemoto K, Nakano M, Nagaoka SI, Mukai K. Kinetic study of aroxyl radical scavenging and α-tocopheroxyl regeneration rates of pyrroloquinolinequinol (PQQH2, a reduced form of pyrroloquinolinequinone) in dimethyl sulfoxide solution: finding of synergistic effect on the reaction rate due to the coexistence of α-tocopherol and PQQH2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11048-11060. [PMID: 24175624 DOI: 10.1021/jf4040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of aroxyl radical (ArO•)-scavenging rate constants (ks AOH) of antioxidants (AOHs: pyrroloquinolinequinol (PQQH2), α-tocopherol (α-TocH), ubiquinol-10 (UQ10H2), epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeic acid) were performed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The ks AOH values were measured not only for each AOH but also for the mixtures of two AOHs ((i) α-TocH and PQQH2 and (ii) α-TocH and UQ10H2). A notable synergistic effect that the ks AOH values increase 1.72, 2.42, and 2.50 times for α-TocH, PQQH2, and UQ10H2, respectively, was observed for the solutions including two kinds of AOHs. Measurements of the regeneration rates of α-tocopheroxyl radical (α-Toc•) to α-TocH by PQQH2 and UQ10H2 were performed in DMSO, using double-mixing stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Second-order rate constants (kr) obtained for PQQH2 and UQ10H2 were 1.08 × 105 and 3.57 × 104 M−1 s−1, respectively, indicating that the kr value of PQQH2 is 3.0 times larger than that of UQ10H2. It has been clarified that PQQH2 and UQ10H2 having two HO groups within a molecule may rapidly regenerate two molecules of α-Toc• to α-TocH. The result indicates that the prooxidant effect of α-Toc• is suppressed by the coexistence of PQQH2 or UQ10H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Genotoxicity of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt (BioPQQ™). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:189-97. [PMID: 23891671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic potential of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) disodium salt (BioPQQ™) was evaluated in a battery of genotoxicity tests. The results of the bacterial mutation assay (Ames test) were negative. Weak positive results were obtained in 2 separate in vitro chromosomal aberration test in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblasts. Upon testing in an in vitro chromosomal aberration test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, no genotoxic activity of PQQ was noted. In the in vivo micronucleus assay in mice, PQQ at doses up to 2,000 mg/kg body weight demonstrated that no genotoxic effects are expressed in vivo in bone marrow erythrocytes. The weak responses in the in vitro test CHL cells were considered of little relevance under conditions of likely human exposure. PQQ disodium was concluded to have no genotoxic activity in vivo.
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Pyrroloquinoline quinine protects rat brain cortex against acute glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1661-71. [PMID: 23686346 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate possible protective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on the rat cortex with glutamate injection and to understand the mechanisms linking the in vivo neuroprotection of PQQ. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received glutamate injection into the rat cortex. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling assay was performed to observe influences of co-treatment with PQQ (simultaneous injection with PQQ and glutamate) on neural cell apoptosis in the rat cortex. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rat cortex was detected by flow cytometry using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate labeling, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde was respectively determined. Real time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf1, Nrf2, HO-1 and GCLC in the rat cortex. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β in the rat cortex. Co-treatment with PQQ protected neural cells in the rat cortex from glutamate-induced apoptosis. PQQ decreased the ROS production induced by glutamate injection. PQQ increased the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and GCLC and the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β in the cortex of glutamate-injected rats. PQQ could produce neuroprotective effects on the rat cortex. The antioxidant properties of PQQ and PQQ-induced activation of Akt/GSK3β signal pathway might be responsible for the in vivo neuroprotection of PQQ.
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Chang R, Li Y, Yang X, Yue Y, Dou L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li X. Protective role of deoxyschizandrin and schisantherin A against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61590. [PMID: 23620773 PMCID: PMC3631228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies suggested that deoxyschizandrin (DSD) and schisantherin A (STA) may have cardioprotective effects, but information in this regard is lacking. Therefore, we explored the protective role of DSD and STA in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methodology/Principal Findings Anesthetized male rats were treated once with DSD and STA (each 40 µmol/kg) through the tail vein after 45 min of ischemia, followed by 2-h reperfusion. Cardiac function, infarct size, biochemical markers, histopathology and apoptosis were measured and mRNA expression of gp91phox in myocardial tissue assessed by RT-PCR. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with DSD and STA and then damaged by H2O2. Cell apoptosis was tested by a flow cytometric assay. Compared with the I/R group: (i) DSD and STA could significantly reduce the abnormalities of LVSP, LVEDP, ±dp/dtmax and arrhythmias, thereby showing their protective roles in cardiac function; (ii) DSD and STA could significantly attenuate the infarct size and MDA release while increasing SOD activity, suggesting a role in reducing myocardial injury; (iii) tissue morphology and myocardial textual analysis revealed that DSD and STA mitigated changes in myocardial histopathology; (iv) DSD and STA decreased apoptosis (33.56±2.58% to 10.28±2.80% and 10.98±1.99%, respectively) and caspase-3 activity in the myocardium (0.62±0.02 OD/mg to 0.38±0.02 OD/mg and 0.32±0.02 OD/mg, respectively), showing their protective effects upon cardiomyocytes; and (v) DSD and STA had similar protective effects on I/R injury as those seen with the positive control metoprolol. In vitro, DSD and STA could significantly decrease the apoptosis of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that DSD and STA can protect against myocardial I/R injury. The underlining mechanism may be related to their role in inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/blood
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cyclooctanes/administration & dosage
- Cyclooctanes/chemistry
- Cyclooctanes/pharmacology
- Cyclooctanes/therapeutic use
- Cytoprotection/drug effects
- Dioxoles/administration & dosage
- Dioxoles/chemistry
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Dioxoles/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Lignans/administration & dosage
- Lignans/chemistry
- Lignans/pharmacology
- Lignans/therapeutic use
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/blood
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/complications
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Polycyclic Compounds/administration & dosage
- Polycyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Polycyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Polycyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimiao Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lili Dou
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Gong D, Geng C, Jiang L, Aoki Y, Nakano M, Zhong L. Effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone on neuropathic pain following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 697:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Miriyala S, Spasojevic I, Tovmasyan A, Salvemini D, Vujaskovic Z, St. Clair D, Batinic-Haberle I. Manganese superoxide dismutase, MnSOD and its mimics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1822:794-814. [PMID: 22198225 PMCID: PMC3304004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased understanding of the role of mitochondria under physiological and pathological conditions parallels increased exploration of synthetic and natural compounds able to mimic MnSOD - endogenous mitochondrial antioxidant defense essential for the existence of virtually all aerobic organisms from bacteria to humans. This review describes most successful mitochondrially-targeted redox-active compounds, Mn porphyrins and MitoQ(10) in detail, and briefly addresses several other compounds that are either catalysts of O(2)(-) dismutation, or its non-catalytic scavengers, and that reportedly attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction. While not a true catalyst (SOD mimic) of O(2)(-) dismutation, MitoQ(10) oxidizes O(2)(-) to O(2) with a high rate constant. In vivo it is readily reduced to quinol, MitoQH(2), which in turn reduces ONOO(-) to NO(2), producing semiquinone radical that subsequently dismutes to MitoQ(10) and MitoQH(2), completing the "catalytic" cycle. In MitoQ(10), the redox-active unit was coupled via 10-carbon atom alkyl chain to monocationic triphenylphosphonium ion in order to reach the mitochondria. Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics, however, were designed so that their multiple cationic charge and alkyl chains determine both their remarkable SOD potency and carry them into the mitochondria. Several animal efficacy studies such as skin carcinogenesis and UVB-mediated mtDNA damage, and subcellular distribution studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mouse heart provided unambiguous evidence that Mn porphyrins mimic the site and action of MnSOD, which in turn contributes to their efficacy in numerous in vitro and in vivo models of oxidative stress. Within a class of Mn porphyrins, lipophilic analogs are particularly effective for treating central nervous system injuries where mitochondria play key role. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Miriyala
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daret St. Clair
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Zhang Q, Ding M, Gao X, Ding F. Pyrroloquinoline quinone rescues hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced cell death through activation of Nrf2 and up-regulation of antioxidant genes. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:2652-64. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.june.27.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Altering pyrroloquinoline quinone nutritional status modulates mitochondrial, lipid, and energy metabolism in rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21779. [PMID: 21814553 PMCID: PMC3140972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) improves reproduction, neonatal development, and mitochondrial function in animals by mechanisms that involve mitochondrial related cell signaling pathways. To extend these observations, the influence of PQQ on energy and lipid relationships and apparent protection against ischemia reperfusion injury are described herein. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a nutritionally complete diet with PQQ added at either 0 (PQQ−) or 2 mg PQQ/Kg diet (PQQ+). Measurements included: 1) serum glucose and insulin, 2) total energy expenditure per metabolic body size (Wt3/4), 3) respiratory quotients (in the fed and fasted states), 4) changes in plasma lipids, 5) the relative mitochondrial amount in liver and heart, and 6) indices related to cardiac ischemia. For the latter, rats (PQQ− or PQQ+) were subjected to left anterior descending occlusions followed by 2 h of reperfusion to determine PQQ's influence on infarct size and myocardial tissue levels of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Although no striking differences in serum glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels were observed, energy expenditure was lower in PQQ− vs. PQQ+ rats and energy expenditure (fed state) was correlated with the hepatic mitochondrial content. Elevations in plasma di- and triacylglyceride and β-hydroxybutryic acid concentrations were also observed in PQQ− rats vs. PQQ+ rats. Moreover, PQQ administration (i.p. at 4.5 mg/kg BW for 3 days) resulted in a greater than 2-fold decrease in plasma triglycerides during a 6-hour fast than saline administration in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Cardiac injury resulting from ischemia/reperfusion was more pronounced in PQQ− rats than in PQQ+ rats. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PQQ deficiency impacts a number of parameters related to normal mitochondrial function.
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Zhang Q, Shen M, Ding M, Shen D, Ding F. The neuroprotective action of pyrroloquinoline quinone against glutamate-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons is mediated through the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mukai K, Ouchi A, Nakano M. Kinetic study of the quenching reaction of singlet oxygen by Pyrroloquinolinequinol (PQQH(2), a reduced form of Pyrroloquinolinequinone) in micellar solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1705-1712. [PMID: 21309575 DOI: 10.1021/jf104420y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic study of the quenching reaction of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) with pyrroloquinolinequinol (PQQH(2), a reduced form of pyrroloquinolinequinone (PQQ)), PQQNa(2) (disodium salt of PQQ), and seven kinds of natural antioxidants (vitamin C (Vit C), uric acid (UA), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), α-tocopherol (α-Toc), ubiquinol-10 (UQ(10)H(2)), and β-carotene (β-Car)) has been performed. The second-order rate constants k(Q) (k(Q) = k(q) + k(r), physical quenching and chemical reaction) for the reaction of (1)O(2) with PQQH(2), PQQNa(2), and seven kinds of antioxidants were measured in 5.0 wt % Triton X-100 micellar solution (pH 7.4), using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The k(Q) values decreased in the order of β-Car > PQQH(2) > α-Toc > UA > UQ(10)H(2) > Vit C ∼ EGC > EC ≫ PQQNa(2). PQQH(2) is a water-soluble antioxidant. The singlet oxygen-quenching activity of PQQH(2) was found to be 6.3, 2.2, 6.1, and 22 times as large as the corresponding those of water-soluble antioxidants (Vit C, UA, EGC, and EC). Further, the activity of PQQH(2) was found to be 2.2 and 3.1 times as large as the corresponding activity of lipid-soluble antioxidants (α-Toc and UQ(10)H(2)). On the other hand, the activity of PQQH(2) is 6.4 times as small as that of β-Car. It was observed that the chemical reaction (k(r)) is almost negligible in the quenching reaction of (1)O(2) by PQQH(2). The result suggests that PQQH(2) may contribute to the protection of oxidative damage in biological systems, by quenching (1)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Mukai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Shankar BS, Pandey R, Amin P, Misra HS, Sainis KB. Role of glutathione in augmenting the anticancer activity of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). Redox Rep 2010; 15:146-54. [PMID: 20663290 DOI: 10.1179/174329210x12650506623762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a bacterial redox co-factor and antioxidant, is highly reactive with nucleophilic compounds present in biological fluids. PQQ induced apoptosis in human promonocytic leukemia U937 cells and this was accompanied by depletion of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione and increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with glutathione (GSH) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) did not spare PQQ toxicity but resulted in a 2-5-fold increase in PQQ-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Cellular GSH levels increased following treatment by NAC alone but were severely depleted by co-treatment with NAC and PQQ. This was accompanied by an increase in intracellular ROS. Alternatively, depletion of glutathione also resulted in increased PQQ cytotoxicity. However, the cells underwent necrosis as evidenced by dual labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide. PQQ-induced cytotoxicity is thus critically regulated by the cellular redox status. An increase in GSH can augment apoptosis and its depletion can switch the mode of cell death to necrosis in the presence of PQQ. Our data suggest that modulation of intracellular GSH can be used as an effective strategy to potentiate cytotoxicity of quinones like PQQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Shankar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Identification of transcriptional networks responding to pyrroloquinoline quinone dietary supplementation and their influence on thioredoxin expression, and the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. Biochem J 2010; 429:515-26. [PMID: 20491655 PMCID: PMC2907713 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) improves energy utilization and reproductive performance when added to rodent diets devoid of PQQ. In the present paper we describe changes in gene expression patterns and transcriptional networks that respond to dietary PQQ restriction or pharmacological administration. Rats were fed diets either deficient in PQQ (PQQ−) or supplemented with PQQ (approx. 6 nmol of PQQ/g of food; PQQ+). In addition, groups of rats were either repleted by administering PQQ to PQQ− rats (1.5 mg of PQQ intraperitoneal/kg of body weight at 12 h intervals for 36 h; PQQ−/+) or partially depleted by feeding the PQQ− diet to PQQ+ rats for 48 h (PQQ+/−). RNA extracted from liver and a Codelink® UniSet Rat I Bioarray system were used to assess gene transcript expression. Of the approx. 10000 rat sequences and control probes analysed, 238 were altered at the P<0.01 level by feeding on the PQQ− diet for 10 weeks. Short-term PQQ depletion resulted in changes in 438 transcripts (P<0.01). PQQ repletion reversed the changes in transcript expression caused by PQQ deficiency and resulted in an alteration of 847 of the total transcripts examined (P<0.01). Genes important for cellular stress (e.g. thioredoxin), mitochondriogenesis, cell signalling [JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways] and transport were most affected. qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) and functional assays aided in validating such processes as principal targets. Collectively, the results provide a mechanistic basis for previous functional observations associated with PQQ deficiency or PQQ administered in pharmacological amounts.
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Zhang Q, Xiang J, Wang X, Liu H, Hu B, Feng M, Fu Q. β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol reduces infarct size and myocardial apoptosis after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion in anaesthetized rats. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1561-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Chen J, Chemaly E, Liang L, Kho C, Lee A, Park J, Altman P, Schecter AD, Hajjar RJ, Tarzami ST. Effects of CXCR4 gene transfer on cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1705-15. [PMID: 20133817 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute coronary occlusion is the leading cause of death in the Western world. There is an unmet need for the development of treatments to limit the extent of myocardial infarction (MI) during the acute phase of occlusion. Recently, investigators have focused on the use of a chemokine, CXCL12, the only identified ligand for CXCR4, as a new therapeutic modality to recruit stem cells to individuals suffering from MI. Here, we examined the effects of overexpression of CXCR4 by gene transfer on MI. Adenoviruses carrying the CXCR4 gene were injected into the rat heart one week before ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography couple with 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to measure MI size. In comparison with control groups, rats receiving Ad-CXCR4 displayed an increase in infarct area (13.5% +/- 4.1%) and decreased fractional shortening (38% +/- 5%). Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in CXCL12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in ischemic area of CXCR4 overexpressed hearts. CXCR4 overexpression was associated with increased influx of inflammatory cells and enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the infarcted heart. These data suggest that in our model overexpressing CXCR4 appears to enhance ischemia/reperfusion injury possibly due to enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells, increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, and activation of cell death/apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Chen
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Danz EDB, Skramsted J, Henry N, Bennett JA, Keller RS. Resveratrol prevents doxorubicin cardiotoxicity through mitochondrial stabilization and the Sirt1 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1589-97. [PMID: 19303434 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs; however, its incidence of cardiotoxicity compromises its therapeutic index. DOX-induced heart failure is thought to be caused by reduction/oxidation cycling of DOX to generate oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte cell death. Resveratrol (RV), a stilbene found in red wine, has been reported to play a cardioprotective role in diseases associated with oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to test the ability of RV to protect against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death. We hypothesized that RV protects cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell death through changes in mitochondrial function. DOX induced a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiac cell mitochondria, which was inhibited by pretreatment with RV, most likely owing to an increase in MnSOD activity. This effect of RV caused additional polarization of the mitochondria in the absence and presence of DOX to increase mitochondrial function. RV pretreatment also prevented DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death. The protective ability of RV against DOX was abolished when Sirt1 was inhibited by nicotinamide. Our data suggest that RV protects against DOX-induced oxidative stress through changes in mitochondrial function, specifically the Sirt1 pathway leading to cardiac cell survival.
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Ouchi A, Nakano M, Nagaoka SI, Mukai K. Kinetic study of the antioxidant activity of pyrroloquinolinequinol (PQQH(2), a reduced form of pyrroloquinolinequinone) in micellar solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:450-456. [PMID: 19108686 DOI: 10.1021/jf802197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic study of the aroxyl radical-scavenging action of pyrroloquinolinequinol [PQQH(2), a reduced form of pyrroloquinolinequinone (PQQ)] and water-soluble antioxidants (vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione, and uric acid) has been performed. The second-order rate constants (k(s)) for the reaction of aroxyl radical with PQQH(2) and water-soluble antioxidants were measured in Triton X-100 micellar solution (5.0 wt %) (pH 7.4), using stopped-flow and UV-visible spectrophotometers. The k(s) values decreased in the order PQQH(2) > vitamin C >> cysteine > uric acid > glutathione. The aroxyl radical-scavenging activity of PQQH(2) was 7.4 times higher than that of vitamin C, which is well-known as the most active water-soluble antioxidant. Furthermore, PQQNa(2) (disodium salt of PQQ) was easily reduced to PQQH(2) by reaction of PQQNa(2) with glutathione and cysteine in buffer solution (pH 7.4) under nitrogen atmosphere. The result suggests that PQQ exists as a reduced form throughout the cell and plays a role as antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
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Mercanoglu G, Safran N, Gungor M, Pamukcu B, Uzun H, Sezgin C, Mercanoglu F, Fici F. The effects of nebivolol on apoptosis in a rat infarct model. Circ J 2008; 72:660-70. [PMID: 18362441 DOI: 10.1253/circj.72.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, nitric oxide (NO) was investigated to see if it mediated effects of nebivolol on apoptosis in the rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were divided into 3 groups: sham operated (sham-control), MI-induced (MI-control) and nebivolol treated (MI-nebivolol). The initial dose of nebivolol was administrated intravenously (iv) within 10 min of post-MI reperfusion and continued orally for 28 days. NO mediated effects of nebivolol were assessed either in the early (2(nd) day) or sub-acute (28(th) day) period of MI by histologic, hemodynamic and biologic studies. Left ventricular (LV) pressure changes were prevented with nebivolol (the increase in LV end-diastolic pressure and the decrease in maximum rise and fall rate of LV pressure (+dp/dt and -dp/dt) was significantly less in MI-nebivolol). Total and regional apoptotic indexes were significantly lower in the MI-nebivolol group (10.2 vs 7.1%, respectively on the 2(nd) day; p=0.004). Although plasma nitrite/nitrate, cyclic guanylate cyclase and peroxynitrite concentrations were high both in MI-control and MI-nebivolol groups on the 2(nd) day, these concentrations were decreased to the basal value on the 28(th) day in the MI-nebivolol group. CONCLUSION As a result, nebivolol treatment (initially by iv within 10 min of reperfusion and continued orally) reduced the myocardial apoptosis after MI. This beneficial effect of nebivolol is mediated by NO regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guldem Mercanoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Bi W, Cai J, Liu S, Baudy-Floc'h M, Bi L. Design, synthesis and cardioprotective effect of a new class of dual-acting agents: Phenolic tetrahydro-β-carboline RGD peptidomimetic conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6909-19. [PMID: 17827017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new class of phenolic tetrahydro-beta-carboline RGD peptidomimetic conjugates was designed and synthesized. The radical scavenging activities of these newly synthesized compounds 12a-c were evaluated in PC12 cell survival assays. The NO scavenging activities of these compounds were confirmed in the acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation assay. Compounds 12a-c were efficacious in a rat arterial thrombosis model, and were active in ADP- or PAF-induced in vitro platelet aggregation assays, which suggests these compounds also possess anti-thrombotic activity. The beneficial effects of dual-acting agent 12c were demonstrated on the ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac infarct size and oxidative change in an in vivo rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bi
- Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
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Tao R, Karliner JS, Simonis U, Zheng J, Zhang J, Honbo N, Alano CC. Pyrroloquinoline quinone preserves mitochondrial function and prevents oxidative injury in adult rat cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:257-62. [PMID: 17880922 PMCID: PMC2844438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to confer resistance to acute oxidative stress in freshly isolated adult male rat cardiomyocytes. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) depolarization induced by hydrogen peroxide. H(2)O(2) caused substantial cell death, which was significantly reduced by preincubation with PQQ. H(2)O(2) also caused an increase in cellular ROS levels as detected by the fluorescent indicators CM-H2XRos and dihydroethidium. ROS levels were significantly reduced by a superoxide dismutase mimetic Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) or by PQQ treatment. Cyclosporine-A, which inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition, prevented H(2)O(2)-induced Deltapsi(m) depolarization, as did PQQ and MnTBAP. Our results provide direct evidence that PQQ reduces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of PQQ action in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tao
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joel S. Karliner
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ursula Simonis
- Department of Chemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jie Zheng
- UCSF Medical Student, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Norman Honbo
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Conrad C. Alano
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, CA
- Neurology Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, CA
- Correspondence to: Conrad Alano, Ph.D., Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, 127 Neurology, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, Phone: (415) 221-4810 x2473, Fax: (415) 750-2273,
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Hara H, Hiramatsu H, Adachi T. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a potent neuroprotective nutrient against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:489-95. [PMID: 17268846 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), which is an essential nutrient, has been shown to act as an antioxidant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to be responsible for neurotoxicity caused by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In this study, we investigated the ability of PQQ to protect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. When SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 6-OHDA in the presence of PQQ, PQQ prevented 6-OHDA-induced cell death and DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometry analysis using the ROS-sensitive fluorescence probe, dihydroethidium, revealed that PQQ reduced elevation of 6-OHDA-induced intracellular ROS. In contrast to PQQ, antioxidant vitamins, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, had no protective effect. Moreover, we showed that PQQ effectively scavenged superoxide, compared to the antioxidant vitamins. Therefore, our results suggest the protective effect of PQQ on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity is involved, at least in part, in its function as a scavenger of ROS, especially superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Hara
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan.
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50
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Zhou HZ, Ma X, Gray MO, Zhu BQ, Nguyen AP, Baker AJ, Simonis U, Cecchini G, Lovett DH, Karliner JS. Transgenic MMP-2 expression induces latent cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:189-95. [PMID: 17475219 PMCID: PMC3423089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are central to the development and progression of dysfunctional ventricular remodeling after tissue injury. We studied 6 month old heterozygous mice with cardiac-specific transgenic expression of active MMP-2 (MMP-2 Tg). MMP-2 Tg hearts showed no substantial gross alteration of cardiac phenotype compared to age-matched wild-type littermates. However, buffer perfused MMP-2 Tg hearts subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion had a larger infarct size and greater depression in contractile performance compared to wild-type hearts. Importantly, cardioprotection mediated by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was completely abolished in MMP-2 Tg hearts, as shown by abnormalities in mitochondrial ultrastructure and impaired respiration, increased lipid peroxidation, cell necrosis and persistently reduced recovery of contractile performance during post-ischemic reperfusion. We conclude that MMP-2 functions not only as a proteolytic enzyme but also as a previously unrecognized active negative regulator of mitochondrial function during superimposed oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhong Zhou
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, UCSF and VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111C-5, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Xiaokui Ma
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, UCSF and VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111C-5, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Mary O. Gray
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, UCSF and SF General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bo-qing Zhu
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, UCSF and VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111C-5, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Anita P. Nguyen
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, UCSF and VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Baker
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, UCSF and VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111C-5, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Ursula Simonis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SF State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary Cecchini
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF and VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David H. Lovett
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, UCSF and VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel S. Karliner
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, UCSF and VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111C-5, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 415 750 6959. (J.S. Karliner)
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