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Chen JW, Du WQ, Zhu K. Optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02507-6. [PMID: 38922348 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of optimal exercise intensity in improving executive function in patients with ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) through a comprehensive comparison of direct and indirect evidence. A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases to explore the optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with ADHD by directly and indirectly comparing a variety of exercise intervention intensities. In addition, the isolated effects of exercise on improving executive function in patients with ADHD were explored through classical meta-analysis of paired direct comparisons. Twenty-nine studies were retrieved and included in this study. Classical paired meta-analysis showed that for the patients with ADHD in the age group of 7-17 years, statistical difference was observed for all the parameters of exercise interventions (intensity, frequency, period, and training method), the three dimensions of executive function, the use of medication or not, the high and low quality of the methodological approach. Network meta-analysis showed that high-intensity exercise training was optimal for improving working memory (97.4%) and inhibitory function (85.7%) in patients with ADHD. Meanwhile, moderate-intensity exercise training was optimal for improving cognitive flexibility (77.3%) in patients with ADHD. Moderate to high intensity exercise training shows potential for improving executive function in these patients. Therefore, we recommend applying high-intensity exercise intervention to improve executive function in patients with ADHD to achieve substantial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Chen
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qian Du
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Mehren A, Philipsen A. [Is Physical Activity a Treatment Option for ADHD?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2024; 52:124-133. [PMID: 38335974 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Is Physical Activity a Treatment Option for ADHD? Abstract: Physical activity as an option for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders is increasingly becoming the focus of research. In particular, because of improvements in cognitive functioning, attentional performance, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, physical exercise could be a promising treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this narrative review, we present and evaluate the current state of research on exercise effects in children and adolescents as well as in adults with ADHD. While studies of the short-term effects of a single bout of physical activity indicate robust effects on attention and inhibitory control, results on the impact on further symptoms of ADHD as well as in adults are mixed. Randomized controlled trials of longer-term physical activity are scarce and show high heterogeneity. Nevertheless, they are encouraging for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Mehren
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland
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Tascioglu EN, Karademir S, Kara K, Tonak HA, Kara OK. Effectiveness of Power Exercises Compared to Traditional Strength Exercises on Motor Skills, Muscle Performance and Functional Muscle Strength of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Dev Neurorehabil 2024; 27:17-26. [PMID: 38650431 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2024.2345335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of 8-weeks of power exercises compared to traditional strength exercises on motor abilities, muscle performance, and functional strength in children with ADHD. A total of 34 children with ADHD were randomized into two groups to receive functional power training (n = 17, M age: 121.2 ± 16.6 months) and traditional strength training (n = 17, M age: 116.1 ± 13.4 months). After the 8-week intervention, two-way ANOVA results with 95% confidence intervals showed no differences between the groups in motor skills, muscle power, or functional muscle strength. However, the functional power training group had larger effect sizes and greater increases in total motor composite score (10% vs 7%), body coordination (13.8% vs 4.9%) and bilateral coordination (38.8% vs 27.9%) than the traditional strength training group. The power training group also exhibited catch-up growth with typically developing peers. These findings suggest that power exercises may be more effective than strength exercises for rapid force generation in daily life, particularly for children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koray Kara
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
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Sun F, Fang Y, Chan CKM, Poon ETC, Chung LMY, Or PPL, Chen Y, Cooper SB. Structured physical exercise interventions and children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13150. [PMID: 37433667 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of structured physical exercise (SPE) has been examined in empirical studies to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aimed (i) to systematically review and quantify the effects of SPE on ADHD symptomology and executive function (primary outcomes) and on physical health, physical fitness and mental health issues (secondary outcomes) in children/adolescents with ADHD; (ii) to evaluate the study quality and explore moderation of the effects of SPE; and (iii) to summarize the design of SPE interventions. METHODS An extensive literature search in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCOhost was conducted to identify eligible intervention studies for meta-analysis. A descriptive account of the features of the studies is provided, including assessment of risk/quality (ROB-2/ROBINS-I). Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with random effects models to compare post-intervention effects. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in the review. The majority of the studies examined the effects of SPE lasting for 3-12 weeks. Assessment of bias/quality indicated half of the included studies as high quality. The meta-analysis (pooled n = 627) revealed that SPE had a positive effect on primary and secondary outcomes, that is, inattention (SMD = -1.79), executive function (SMD = 2.19), physical fitness (SMD = 1.39) and mental health issues (SMD = -0.89). Subgroup analysis showed that long-term practice of SPE, featured/tailored SPE, non-Chinese participants, taking methylphenidate and study with low quality had larger effects. CONCLUSIONS There is emerging evidence that SPE is a promising option to enhance symptom management and physical/mental health in children/adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carmen Ka Man Chan
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Tsz Chun Poon
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Louisa Ming Yan Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peggy Pui Lai Or
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Simon B Cooper
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Amato A, Giustino V, Patti A, Proia P, Trivic T, Drid P, Obradovic A, Manojlovic M, Mondoni M, Paoli A, Bianco A. Young basketball players have better manual dexterity performance than sportsmen and non-sportsmen of the same age: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20953. [PMID: 38017046 PMCID: PMC10684493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Manual dexterity is a key skill in motor development. There are conflicting studies on the influence of sports practice on this skill and on which type of sport trains this ability the most in youth. Manual dexterity is usually assessed with expensive and time-consuming tools not easily available to facilities such as schools or sports clubs. The aim of this study was to assess differences in manual dexterity performance between young basketball players, sportsmen, and non-sportsmen. A further aim was to analyze whether the coin rotation task was a reliable tool for assessing manual dexterity. Based on the characteristics of the sport, we hypothesized that basketball players had better manual dexterity performances. Seventy-eight participants were included in the study and categorized into "basketball", "sports", and "non-sports" groups. Manual dexterity was assessed with the grooved pegboard, the coin rotation task, and the handgrip tests. The basketball group showed better performance in all tests. Significant differences were found between the basketball group and sports group and between the basketball group and non-sport group in the grooved pegboard (p < 0.05) and in the handgrip (p < 0.05) tests. Test-retest reliability of the coin rotation task scores was moderate in the basketball group (ICC2,1 0.63-0.6). Basketball practice could positively influence manual dexterity. The coin rotation task showed an acceptable construct of validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tatjana Trivic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Anja Obradovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Manojlovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maurizio Mondoni
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
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Neuendorf T, Haase R, Schroeder S, Schumann M, Nitzsche N. Effects of high-intensity interval training on functional performance and maximal oxygen uptake in comparison with moderate intensity continuous training in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:643. [PMID: 37851104 PMCID: PMC10584719 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an appropriate training modality to improve endurance and therefore contributes to physical performance. This review investigates the effect of HIIT on functional performance in cancer patients. We reviewed the relative peak oxygen uptake (relV̇O2PEAK) and meta-analytical compared HIIT with moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). Furthermore, we took various training parameters under consideration. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. For the review, we included randomized controlled trials containing HIIT with cancer patients. From this, we filtered interventions with additional MICT for the meta-analysis. Outcomes of interest were various functional performance assessments and V̇O2MAX. RESULTS The research yielded 584 records which fit the inclusion criteria, of which 31 studies with n=1555 patients (57.4±8.6 years) could be included in the overall review and 8 studies in the meta-analysis (n=268, 59.11±5.11 years) regarding relV̇O2PEAK. Different functional outcomes were found, of which walking distance (+8.63±6.91% meters in 6-min walk test) and mobility (+2.7cm in sit and reach test) improved significantly due to HIIT. In terms of relV̇O2PEAK, the performance of cancer patients was improved by HIIT (10.68±6.48%) and MICT (7.4±4.29%). HIIT can be favored to increase relV̇O2PEAK (SMD 0.37; 95% CI 0.09-0.65; I2=0%; p=0.009). Effect sizes for relV̇O2PEAK improvements correlate moderately with total training volume (Spearman's ρ=0.49; p=0.03), whereas percentage increases do not (Spearman's ρ=0.24; p=0.14). CONCLUSION Functional and physical outcomes were positively altered by different HIIT protocols and forms of implementation, whereas a tendency toward more effectiveness of HIIT vs. MICT was found for relV̇O2PEAK. Future studies should include functional parameters more often, to finally allow a comparison between both training protocols in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuendorf
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - R Haase
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - S Schroeder
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Nitzsche
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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Calzada-Rodríguez JI, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Pastor-Cisneros R, Barrios-Fernandez S, Carlos-Vivas J, Gómez-Galán R, Muñoz-Bermejo L. Effects of a 4-Week After-School Physical Literacy Program on Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptomatology in Schoolchildren with ADHD: A Study Protocol. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2113. [PMID: 37510554 PMCID: PMC10379282 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that physical activity programs led to improvements in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, no study evaluating the impact of a physical literacy (PL) program has been conducted. This study aims to examine PL and the effects of an after-school PL program on Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ADHD symptomatology including quality and sustained attention. A parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted assessing PL, HRQoL and ADHD symptomatology, both at the beginning and the end of the PL after-school program implementation. The program will last 4 weeks, including two sessions per week lasting 55 min. Sessions will be divided into several parts: greeting (5 min), block I (20 min), block II (20 min) and relaxation and feedback (10 min). Block I will focus on the acquisition of content that contributes to the development of the domains of knowledge and understanding and daily activity; and block II, in addition to favouring physical competence, will seek to improve motivation. If this program proves its effectiveness, it could be an alternative to be included in educational systems, representing a scientific breakthrough regarding physical activity adherence and inactivity-related disease prevention, HRQoL and management of ADHD-associated symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Calzada-Rodríguez
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez-Galán
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), University of Extremadura, 06810 Mérida, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 06810 Mérida, Spain
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Liu HLV, Sun F, Anderson DI, Tse CYA. The Effect of Physical Activity Intervention on Motor Proficiency in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01546-5. [PMID: 37245166 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. The objective of this review was to synthesize empirical studies that investigated the effects of physical activity (PA) on motor proficiency in this population. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the cochrane guidelines for systematic reviews. In May 2022, a systematic search of eight electronic databases retrieved 476 results, which were screened independently by two reviewers. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were selected for systematic review, and 10 were included in the meta-analysis. A beneficial effect of PA on overall motor proficiency (SMD = 1.12; 95% CI [0.63 to 1.61]; p < 0.05) was observed. Similar positive effects were found for motor proficiency composites, including object control, fine manual control, and body coordination. These results indicate that PA improves the motor proficiency of children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hok Ling Venus Liu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David I Anderson
- Marian Wright Edelman Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA
| | - Choi Yeung Andy Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Poon ETC, Wongpipit W, Sun F, Tse ACY, Sit CHP. High-intensity interval training in children and adolescents with special educational needs: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:13. [PMID: 36759853 PMCID: PMC9909882 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been promoted as a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness in children and adolescents. However, there remains little consensus in the literature regarding its efficacy in children and adolescents with special educational needs (SEN). This study aimed to examine HIIT as a means of improving key health and fitness parameters in children and adolescents with SEN. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on eight databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library). Studies were eligible if they 1) included an HIIT protocol, 2) examined parameters related to both physical and mental aspects of health and fitness, and 3) examined children and adolescents with SEN aged 5-17 years. RESULTS Of the 1727 studies yielded by the database search, 13 (453 participants) were included and reviewed. We found that HIIT generally improved body composition, physical fitness, and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers across a spectrum of SEN (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, developmental coordination disorder, and mental illness). Improvements in mental health and cognitive performance following HIIT have also been observed. CONCLUSION This review provides up-to-date evidence for HIIT as a viable exercise strategy for children and adolescents with SEN. Further research investigating the benefits of HIIT in a wider range of SEN populations is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42022352696).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Waris Wongpipit
- Division of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Fenghua Sun
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Andy Choi-Yeung Tse
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Cindy Hui-Ping Sit
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Kleeren L, Hallemans A, Hoskens J, Klingels K, Smits-Engelsman B, Verbecque E. A Critical View on Motor-based Interventions to Improve Motor Skill Performance in Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:354-367. [PMID: 36635879 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221146244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To map the effect of motor-based interventions on motor skills in children with ADHD. METHOD A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, and the SCOPUS database (last search: October 30th 2022). Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro-scale and the quality of evidence was determined with the GRADE-method. Meta-analysis was performed when at least five studies were available. RESULTS Thirteen studies (7 RCTs) satisfied the inclusion criteria, five of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Only one of the included studies reached the low risk of bias threshold. Comparing different motor-based interventions to any non-motor control intervention showed large motor skill improvements (SMD = 1.46; 95% CI = [1.00;1.93]; I² = 47.07%). The most effective type of motor-based intervention and the optimal treatment parameters could not be determined yet. CONCLUSION Motor-based interventions in general seem to improve motor skills in children with ADHD. Additional RCTs are needed to increase current low GRADE confidence.
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Huang H, Jin Z, He C, Guo S, Zhang Y, Quan M. Chronic Exercise for Core Symptoms and Executive Functions in ADHD: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2023; 151:190271. [PMID: 36510746 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The effects of chronic exercise interventions (CEIs) on core symptoms and executive functions (EFs) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how different characteristics of CEIs could modify the effect remain unclear. We synthesized the current evidence on the effects of CEIs on core symptoms and EFs in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS Data sources include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from database inception to July 31, 2022. Study selection includes randomized controlled trials that reported on the effects of CEIs on core symptoms and/or EFs in ADHD aged 6 to 18 years. RESULTS Twenty-two randomized controlled trials were included. CEIs had a small beneficial effect on overall core symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.64 to -0.14), as well as inattention (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.004) among children and adolescents with ADHD. Closed-skill exercise showed a large improvement in core symptoms (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI: -1.30 to -0.35), whereas open-skill exercise did not. Additionally, CEIs had a moderately beneficial effect on overall EFs (SMD = -0.68, 95% CI: -0.91 to -0.45) and a moderate-to-large effect on the specific domains of EFs. The pooled effects on overall core symptoms and EFs were not significantly modified by study population (children or adolescents), exercise session duration (≤50 or >50 minutes per session, median), or total exercise sessions (<24 or ≥24 sessions, median). CONCLUSIONS CEIs have small-to-moderate beneficial effects on overall core symptoms and EFs in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhijuan Jin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Exercise and Health.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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12
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Li D, Wang D, Cui W, Yan J, Zang W, Li C. Effects of different physical activity interventions on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1139263. [PMID: 37021131 PMCID: PMC10067581 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1139263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that physical activity interventions positively affect core symptoms and executive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, comparisons between different physical activity interventions still need to be made. This study is the first to analyze the effects of 10 different types of physical activity on children with ADHD through a network meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials on the effects of physical activity interventions on children with ADHD. The search time frame was from database creation to October 2022. Two investigators independently performed literature screening, extraction, and quality assessment. Network meta-analysis was performed with Stata 15.1. Results A total of 31 studies were included, and the results indicated that perceptual-motor training was the most effective in terms of motor ability and working memory (SUCRA = 82.7 and 73.3%, respectively). For attention problems and cognitive flexibility, aquatic exercise was the most effective (SUCRA = 80.9 and 86.6%, respectively). For social problems, horsemanship was the most effective (SUCRA = 79.4%). For inhibition switching, cognitive-motor training was the most effective (SUCRA = 83.5%). Conclusion Our study revealed that aquatic exercise and perceptual-motor training had a superior overall performance. However, the effects of various physical activity interventions on different indicators in children with ADHD can vary depending on the individual and the intervention's validity. To ensure an appropriate physical activity intervention is selected, it is important to assess the severity of symptoms exhibited by children with ADHD beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deng Wang
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wenlai Cui
- School of Dance and Martial Arts, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Wanli Zang
- Postgraduate School, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin, China
| | - Chenmu Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenmu Li,
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13
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Zhang Z, Li R, Zhou Z, Wang P, Yang B, Wang X. The effect of physical activity on quality of life and parenting stress in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Disabil Health J 2023; 16:101377. [PMID: 36202733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorer quality of life (QoL) is commonly observed in children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Parents of children with ADHD also perceived elevated levels of parenting stress. Previous research has documented the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on managing ADHD symptoms. It is critical to implement ADHD management with broader functioning from both children's and parents' perspectives. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether PA would exert an influence on the QoL of children with ADHD and parenting stress of their parents. METHODS Forty-three children with ADHD (6-12 years) were randomly assigned to the PA intervention and waitlist control groups. Children in the intervention group participated in a 12-week PA program. Parent-reported QoL and parenting stress were assessed before and immediately after the intervention. Analysis of covariance with a mixed factorial design of 2 (time: before vs. after intervention) × 2 (group: PA intervention vs. waitlist control) was conducted to examine changes in QoL and parenting stress over the 12 weeks. RESULTS Compared to the control group, parents of children in the intervention group reported significant reduced overall parenting stress (p = .021, η2 = 0.142) and child domain of parenting stress (p = .024, η2 = 0.138) after the intervention. No significant improvement in QoL was documented in either group. CONCLUSIONS The participation of PA intervention positively impacts parenting stress perceived by parents of children with ADHD, which provides further evidence of the family-wide benefits of the PA intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ru Li
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Children's Healthcare & Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Zhu F, Zhu X, Bi X, Kuang D, Liu B, Zhou J, Yang Y, Ren Y. Comparative effectiveness of various physical exercise interventions on executive functions and related symptoms in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1133727. [PMID: 37033046 PMCID: PMC10080114 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1133727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise has been recommended as an important nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy for managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the comparative impact of different physical exercise modalities on enhancing executive functions (EFs) and alleviating symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CNKI, and clinical trials databases from inception to October 20, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies investigating physical exercise for ADHD-related symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention, and executive functions were included. The frequentist random-effect NMA method was applied to pool the results. Results A total of 59 studies (including 39 RCTs, 5 quasi-RCTs, and 15 self-controlled trials) published between 1983 and 2022 were incorporated into the systematic review, of which 44 studies with 1757 participants were eligible for meta-analysis. All types of physical exercise were effective in improving EFs (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.46), and open-skill activities which require participants to react in a dynamically changing and externally paced environment induced the most incredible benefits for executive functions (SUCRA = 98.0%, SMD = 1.96, and 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.77). Subgroup analyses for EFs revealed varied findings that open-skill activities were the most promising physical exercise type for improving inhibitory control (SUCRA = 99.1%, SMD = 1.94, and 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.64), and closed-skill activities dominated by aerobic exercises had a slightly higher probability of being the most promising physical exercise intervention for working memory (SUCRA = 75.9%, SMD = 1.21, and 95% CI: -0.22 to 2.65), and multicomponent physical exercise tended to be the most effective in cognitive flexibility (SUCRA = 70.3%, SMD = 1.44, and 95% CI: -0.19 to 3.07). Regarding ADHD-related symptoms, closed-skill activities dominated by aerobic exercises might be more advantageous for hyperactivity/impulsivity (SUCRA = 72.5%, SMD = -1.60, and 95% CI: -3.02 to -0.19) and inattention (SUCRA = 96.3%, SMD = -1.51, and 95% CI: -2.33 to -0.69) improvement. Conclusion Physical exercise can significantly help to alleviate the symptoms of ADHD and improve executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD. Most of all, to promote adherence to treatment, they should be encouraged to perform the physical exercises that they enjoy most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Zhu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Bi
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Kuang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Liu
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchun Ren
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanchun Ren,
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Long-Term Effects of an Oligoantigenic Diet in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Core Symptomatology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235111. [PMID: 36501141 PMCID: PMC9737158 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early 1920s, it was discovered that nutrition is associated with what is known today as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that certain foods can worsen the symptoms. In previous studies, approximately 60% of the participants experience at least a 40% reduction in ADHD symptoms after an oligoantigenic diet (OD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate ADHD symptoms in children approximately 3.5 years after completing a 4-week oligoantigenic diet. Among 28 participants who completed the 4-week diet, 21 were re-assessed for this study after 3.5 years. The severity of ADHD symptoms was assessed with the ADHD-Rating-Scale-IV (ARS). Of 21 participants, 14 fulfilled the responder criterion, whereas 7 did not. At follow-up, 28% of the participants were taking medication. The mean ARS total score improved significantly from T1: M = 29.62 (SD = 9.80) to T2: M = 15.86 (SD = 8.56) between the time points before and after the diet (d = -1.91). There was also a lower ARS total score at the follow-up T5: M = 16.00 (SD = 10.52) compared to before the diet (d = -1.17). This study shows that individually adjusted nutrition significantly improved the ADHD symptomatology of the participants long-term. This suggests that an oligoantigenic diet with subsequent individual nutritional recommendations could become an additional treatment option for children with ADHD.
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Tourjman V, Louis-Nascan G, Ahmed G, DuBow A, Côté H, Daly N, Daoud G, Espinet S, Flood J, Gagnier-Marandola E, Gignac M, Graziosi G, Mansuri Z, Sadek J. Psychosocial Interventions for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the CADDRA Guidelines Work GROUP. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081023. [PMID: 36009086 PMCID: PMC9406006 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple psychosocial interventions to treat ADHD symptoms have been developed and empirically tested. However, no clear recommendations exist regarding the utilization of these interventions for treating core ADHD symptoms across different populations. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis by the CADDRA Guidelines work Group was to generate such recommendations, using recent evidence. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyses (MA) from 2010 to 13 February 2020 were searched in PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, EBM Reviews and CINAHL. Studies of populations with significant levels of comorbidities were excluded. Thirty-one studies were included in the qualitative synthesis (22 RCT, 9 MA) and 24 studies (19 RCT, 5 MA) were included in the quantitative synthesis. Using three-level meta-analyses to pool results of multiple observations from each RCT, as well as four-level meta-analyses to pool results from multiples outcomes and multiple studies of each MA, we generated recommendations using the GRADE approach for: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Physical Exercise and Mind–Body intervention; Caregiver intervention; School-based and Executive intervention; and other interventions for core ADHD symptoms across Preschooler, Child, Adolescent and Adult populations. The evidence supports a recommendation for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for adults and Caregiver intervention for Children, but not for preschoolers. There were not enough data to provide recommendations for the other types of psychosocial interventions. Our results are in line with previous meta-analytic assessments; however, they provide a more in-depth assessment of the effect of psychosocial intervention on core ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Tourjman
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Gill Louis-Nascan
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada
| | - Ghalib Ahmed
- Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Anaïs DuBow
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Hubert Côté
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Nadia Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - George Daoud
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Stacey Espinet
- CADDRA—Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance, Toronto, ON M5A 3X9, Canada;
| | - Joan Flood
- Department of Psychiatry, The Shoniker Clinic, Scarborough, ON M1E 4B9, Canada;
| | | | - Martin Gignac
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Gemma Graziosi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Zeeshan Mansuri
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Joseph Sadek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Influence of Sports Activities on Prosocial Behavior of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116484. [PMID: 35682069 PMCID: PMC9180162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prosocial behavior plays a key role in interpersonal relationships during the growth of children and adolescents. Good prosocial behavior is the foundation for the healthy development of children and adolescents. In recent years, the role played by some sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors has attracted much attention. However, the effects of physical activity on prosocial behavior have not been summarized. Objective: We aimed to clarify the role of sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Methods: We searched databases for 27 interventional studies on the influence of sports activities on children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors published in peer-reviewed English journals. Subsequently, inductive, summary, analytical, and evaluation methods were used to systematically analyze and evaluate the literature. Results: Sports activities can improve children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Different sports activities also influence children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors differently. Moreover, sports activities can improve the prosocial behaviors of children and adolescents with special educational needs. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that sports activities improve the prosocial behavior of children and adolescents. At the same time, we find that children and adolescents with special educational needs should be allowed to participate in more sports activities.
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Sun W, Yu M, Zhou X. Effects of physical exercise on attention deficit and other major symptoms in children with ADHD: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114509. [PMID: 35305344 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effects of physical exercise intervention on the cardinal symptoms, motor skills and executive function among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Literature searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang databases from the time of database construction to March 28, 2021. Screening was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tools were used to evaluate methodological quality. Relevant data were analyzed with RevMan5.3.5 software, and Stata16.0 was used for publication bias tests. RESULTS A total of 15 RCTs with 734 subjects were included. The meta-analysis showed that physical exercise can improve the attention of ADHD children (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.10, -0.11], p < 0.01), executive function (SMD = 1.22, 95% CI [0.61, 1.82], p < 0.01), and motor skills (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI [0.22, 1.12], p < 0.01). There were no significant effects on hyperactivity (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.37], p = 0.72), depression (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI [-1.55, 0.11], p = 0.09), social problems (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.64, 0.09], p = 0.14), or aggressive behavior (SMD=-0.24, 95% CI [-0.69, -0.21], p = 0.30). Intervention duration and frequency might be the source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Physical exercise can help alleviate the symptoms of ADHD in children. Specifically, it can improve attention, executive function, and motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Sun
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingxuan Yu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Health, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, 201620, China.
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19
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Mediating Effect of Motor Competence on the Relationship between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:4814250. [PMID: 34980998 PMCID: PMC8720293 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4814250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of motor competence in the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) and the moderating role of age in the indirect relationship between PA and QoL in children with ADHD. Eighty-six children aged 6-12 years old (M age = 8.45, SD = 1.40, 17.4% girls) with the diagnosis of ADHD were recruited in this study. Participants wore a wGT3X-BT accelerometer on their wrist for seven consecutive days to measure PA. Motor competence was measured by the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the parent-reported Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. MVPA was positively associated with object control skills but was not directly related to QoL. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effect of object control was found between MVPA and social functioning (0.10, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.21]), school functioning (0.09, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.18]), and overall QoL (0.07, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.16]), supporting the full mediation effect. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that age strengthened the indirect effect from MVPA to social and school functioning via object control. Findings of this study indicated that MVPA is positively associated with object control skills, which in turn, is related to psychological aspects of QoL in children with ADHD. Age was found to moderate the indirect mediation paths. The findings may inform future expeditions on designing an effective intervention that helps to improve MC and QoL in children with ADHD.
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20
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Korfmacher AK, Hirsch O, Chavanon ML, Albrecht B, Christiansen H. Self-management training vs. neurofeedback interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized controlled treatment study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:969351. [PMID: 36061275 PMCID: PMC9433654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.969351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurofeedback (NF) and self-management training (SMT) may be viable treatment options for patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) if they alleviate core symptoms, enhance the patients' self-concept and improve their quality of life (QoL). Aim of the current study is evaluating both interventions accordingly and to test whether specific improvements in core symptoms lead to more general improvements in self-concept and QoL. METHODS In a psychotherapeutic outpatient clinic in Germany, a total of N = 139 children with ADHD were screened for eligibility, of which 111 fulfilled inclusion criteria and participated in the study in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 statement. These were randomly assigned to NF vs. SMT interventions. Changes from pre- to post-intervention in core ADHD symptoms relying on parent and teacher reports (CONNERS 3) and objective tests (Qb-Test) as well as self-concept (interview with the children) and QoL assessments (using the KINDL-R self-report) were compared between patients receiving NF or SMT. RESULTS Significant improvements in ADHD symptoms were achieved similarly in both treatment groups, whilst QoL and self-concept improved after SMT only. CONCLUSION This treatment study provides further evidence that SMT and NF may reduce core symptoms, but SMT may also improve patients' self-concept and QoL and may thus in its current form be the favorable treatment option in naturalistic settings. However, several limitations of the current study implicate that further research is required before definitive conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice can be given. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT01879644].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Korfmacher
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mira-Lynn Chavanon
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Björn Albrecht
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Chan YS, Jang JT, Ho CS. Effects of physical exercise in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biomed J 2021; 45:265-270. [PMID: 34856393 PMCID: PMC9250090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex symptomatology in children, and frequently suffer from deficits in executive functions and motor abilities. Although medication-based treatments usually have a positive effect, possible side effects may result in a need for an adjunctive intervention. Present studies show positive effect of physical exercise on cognitive function. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is thoroughly examine the effects of physical exercise in children with ADHD. Preliminary evidence shows both acute and chronic physical exercise are beneficial to ADHD symptoms, executive function, and motor abilities. Benefits of acute exercise may gradually accumulate over time. Such benefits reflect the positive correlation between cognition and physical activity, and these benefits will also lead to changes in executive function after long-term training. Aerobic could induce to increase the neurotransmitter ie. serotonin, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and brain blood flow. Perceptual motor and meditation could lead to neuroplasticity in nerve cells and synaptic connections; furthermore, strengthening the sensory-motor base contributes to the improvement of attention. An exercise program for children with ADHD include to moderate to high intensity interval training and cognitive tasks are suitable. The preliminary state of the evidence supports physical exercise as an adjunctive treatment for ADHD at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shuo Chan
- Department of Special Education, National Taipei University of Education.
| | - Jia-Tzer Jang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University
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22
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Alves AR, Dias R, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC, Sousa AC, Loureiro V, Loureiro N. High-Intensity Interval Training upon Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes in Youth: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105344. [PMID: 34067861 PMCID: PMC8157174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of innovative and time-efficient strategies to involve youth in physical activity is pivotal in the actual inactivity pandemic. Moreover, physical activity may improve academic performance, of great interest for educators. This present systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive performance and psychological outcomes in youth. A database search (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) for original research articles was performed. A total of eight articles met the inclusion criteria, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used. The studies' results were recalculated to determine effect sizes using Cohen's d. Different HIIT interventions reported improvements on cognitive performance at executive function (d = 0.75, +78.56%), linguistic reasoning (d = 0.25, +7.66%), concentration (d = 0.71, +61.10%), selective attention (d = 0.81, +60.73%), non-verbal and verbal abilities (d = 0.88, +47.50%; d = 1.58, +22.61%, respectively), abstract reasoning (d = 0.75, +44.50%), spatial and numerical abilities (d = 37.19, +22.85%; d = 1.20, +8.28%, respectively), and verbal reasoning (d = 1.00, +15.71%) in youth. Regarding psychological outcomes, HIIT showed higher self-concept (d = 0.28, +8.71%) and psychological well-being in boys and girls (d = 0.73, +32.43%, d = 0.39, +11.58%, respectively). To sum up, HIIT interventions between 4-16 weeks, for 8-30 min/session, at ≥85% maximal heart rate, would provide positive effects on cognitive performance and psychological outcomes in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Alves
- Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (V.L.); (N.L.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.); (M.C.M.); (A.C.S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Renata Dias
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.); (M.C.M.); (A.C.S.)
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.); (M.C.M.); (A.C.S.)
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário C. Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.); (M.C.M.); (A.C.S.)
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António C. Sousa
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.); (M.C.M.); (A.C.S.)
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Vânia Loureiro
- Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (V.L.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Values Promotion and Education, HUM-954 Huelva, Spain
| | - Nuno Loureiro
- Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (V.L.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal;
- The Instituto de Saúde Ambiental Research Center (ISAMB), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
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Leahy AA, Mavilidi MF, Smith JJ, Hillman CH, Eather N, Barker D, Lubans DR. Review of High-Intensity Interval Training for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 52:2224-2234. [PMID: 32301856 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a time-efficient strategy to improve children's and adolescents' health-related fitness in comparison to traditional training methods. However, little is known regarding the effects on cognitive function and mental health. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of HIIT on cognitive function (basic information processing, executive function) and mental health (well-being, ill-being) outcomes for children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic search was conducted, and studies were eligible if they 1) included a HIIT protocol, 2) examined cognitive function or mental health outcomes, and 3) examined children or adolescents (5-18 yr). Separate meta-analyses were conducted for acute and chronic studies, with potential moderators (i.e., study duration, risk of bias, participant age, cognitive demand, and study population) also explored. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included in the review. In acute studies, small to moderate effects were found for executive function (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.98; P = 0.038) and affect (SMD, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.05-0.62; P = 0.020), respectively. For chronic studies, small significant effects were found for executive function (SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.76, P < 0.001), well-being (SMD, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.02-0.41; P = 0.029), and ill-being (SMD, -0.35; 95% CI, -0.68 to -0.03; P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Our review provides preliminary review evidence suggesting that participation in HIIT can improve cognitive function and mental health in children and adolescents. Because of the small number of studies and large heterogeneity, more high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus A Leahy
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
| | - Myrto F Mavilidi
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Narelle Eather
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
| | - Daniel Barker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
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Is Neurodevelopment Related to Exercise Capacity in Single Ventricle Patients Who Have Undergone Fontan Palliation? Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:408-416. [PMID: 33190162 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of palliative surgery for single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) are at risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes and reduced exercise capacity. In healthy populations, reduced exercise capacity is related to decreased cognition suggesting a possible relationship between exercise capacity and neurodevelopment. Using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and neuropsychological testing (NPT) as indicators of exercise capacity and neurodevelopment, respectively, we hypothesized that in SVHD, higher CPET measures are related to better NPT performance. Patients were retrospectively identified. CPET variables included VO2max, anaerobic threshold, peak heart rate, ventilatory efficiency, and respiratory exchange ratio. NPT instruments were divided into domains measuring attention, executive functioning, adaptive functioning, and emotional functioning. Linear regression was used to test for associations between CPET and NPT. 23 subjects with SVHD met inclusion criteria. On both CPET and NPT, the cohort scored worse than healthy, age-matched subjects. Higher VO2max and anaerobic threshold were associated with better parent-rated overall adaptive functioning (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Higher peak heart rate was related to better sustained visual attention (p = 0.01). In SVHD, CPET measures indicating better exercise capacity were positively associated with a subset of scores on NPT. Larger, multisite studies implementing cardiorespiratory fitness intervention and incorporating cognitive outcome measures will be needed to better characterize the relationship between neurodevelopment and functional capacity in this population. Results may assist in providing anticipatory guidance and optimizing post-Fontan developmental trajectories.
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Shima T, Jesmin S, Nakao H, Tai K, Shimofure T, Arai Y, Kiyama K, Onizawa Y. Vigorous-intensity physical activity associates with self-reported empathy in healthy young adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:874-876. [PMID: 33511820 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shima
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan -
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakao
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shimofure
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Arai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiko Kiyama
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoko Onizawa
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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Chen Z, Lan W, Yang G, Li Y, Ji X, Chen L, Zhou Y, Li S. Exercise Intervention in Treatment of Neuropsychological Diseases: A Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:569206. [PMID: 33192853 PMCID: PMC7642996 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Faced with a constant inundation of information and increasing pressures brought by the continuous development of modern civilization, people are increasingly faced with mental health challenges that are only now being actively researched. Mental illness is caused by brain dysfunction due to internal and external pathogenic factors that destroy the integrity of the human brain and alter its function. Regular participation in physical exercise can stimulate the cerebral cortex and simultaneously increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients, helping to preserve or restore normal functioning of the nervous system. In conjunction with other systems of the body, the nervous system constitutes the neuro-humoral regulation system responsible for maintaining the stable state of the human body. This paper is a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of exercise intervention on several common neuropsychological diseases, including depression, anxiety disorder, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, we discuss possible physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-induced benefits and study limitations that must be addressed by future research. In many cases, drug therapy is ineffective and brings unwanted side effects. Based on the literature, we conclude that exercise intervention plays a positive role and that certain standards must be established in the field to make physical activity consistently effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Chen
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wencen Lan
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guifen Yang
- College of Applied Technology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on clinical and laboratory parameters of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Durgut E, Orengul AC, Algun ZC. Comparison of the effects of treadmill and vibration training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation 2020; 47:121-131. [PMID: 32741784 DOI: 10.3233/nre-203040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of treadmill training (TT) and whole body vibration training (WBVT) on attention, severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and impairment of executive function behaviors, and quality of life in children with ADHD. METHODS Thirty children (7-11 years of age) with ADHD were randomly assigned to either the 'TT' group or the 'WBVT in addition to TT' group (TT + WBVT). Both groups received TT for 8 weeks (3 days/week). The TT + WBWT group also received WBVT for 15 minutes. Stroop Test TBAG form, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), Conners' Rating Scale (CRS) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were applied at baseline and after 8 weeks of training. RESULTS All assessment results significantly improved in both groups at the end of the program compared to baseline values (p < 0,05). There were significant differences between groups regarding improvements in CTRS-R/L and BRIEF-Teacher form in favor of the TT + WBVT group. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that exercise training including TT and WBVT might be used in the treatment of ADHD but further research is required to provide evidence of the effectiveness of the whole body vibration training in the management of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Durgut
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Cahid Orengul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Candan Algun
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nazari M, Shabani R, Dalili S. The effect of concurrent resistance-aerobic training on serum cortisol level, anxiety, and quality of life in pediatric type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:599-604. [PMID: 32284450 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Given the importance of anxiety and quality of life for the mental health of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), exercise prescription can be of crucial significance. The present study aims to explore the effect of concurrent resistance-aerobic training on serum cortisol level, anxiety, and quality of life among pediatric T1D. Methods Forty children (aged 8-14 years) were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20) for 16 weeks. The exercise training program was composed of 16 weeks of interval concurrent resistance-aerobic training with a duration of 60 min performed three times a week. The subjects first performed the resistance training (20 min of Pilates exercises and 20 min of body weight-bearing exercises). Then, the aerobic exercises were performed with an intensity of 50-75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the training, blood tests including cortisol were carried out on the subjects by RIA kit. Anxiety and quality of life were measured by the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL), respectively. Body composition was measured by InBody. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-test at p < 0.05 significance level. Results Sixteen weeks of concurrent resistance-aerobic exercise significantly reduced the anxiety index (p = 0.001) and increased the quality of life (p = 0.003). Although the cortisol index was increased, it did not reveal any significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p = 0.781). No significant differences were observed in the indices of quality of life, anxiety, and cortisol in the control group. Conclusions A 16-week program of concurrent resistance-aerobic training can improve the quality of life and anxiety among children suffering from T1D, but it may not influence the cortisol level (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nazari
- PhD Candidate of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Brunch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.,Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Brunch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ramin Shabani
- Associate Professor, Department of Exercise, Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Brunch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 147654919, Iran, Phone: (+98) 9112324796, 1333424309
| | - Setila Dalili
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Growth Disorders Research Center, 17 Shahrivar Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
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30
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Martland R, Mondelli V, Gaughran F, Stubbs B. Can high intensity interval training improve health outcomes among people with mental illness? A systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis of intervention studies across a range of mental illnesses. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:629-660. [PMID: 31780128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intensity interval training (HIIT) may have beneficial effects among people with mental illnesses. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the benefits, safety and adherence of HIIT interventions across all categories of mental illness. METHODS Major databases were searched from inception to 18/2/2019 for intervention studies investigating HIIT among people with mental illnesses. Study quality was assessed via the PEDro scale, intervention characteristics were reported using the TIDier and CERT checklists and findings narratively summarised. A preliminary meta-analysis was undertaken where possible. RESULTS 12 intervention studies, (including 7 RCTs), were included. Evidence suggested HIIT improved cardiorespiratory fitness (5/8 intervention studies,63%), anthropometric variables (3/4,75%), mental health outcomes (9/12, 75%), cardiovascular fitness (5/9,56%), physical fitness (1/1,100%) and motor skills (1/1,100%), compare to pre-training. The preliminary meta-analysis of pre-post changes found HIIT reduced depression severity (Standardised mean difference (SMD):-1.36 [95%CI-1.63;-1.089], p<0.0001) and possibly improved VO2max (SMD:0.18 [95%CI -0.02; 0.37], p = 0.08) in people with depression. HIIT increased High-Density-Lipoprotein (SMD:0.373 [95%CI 0.18; 0.57], p = 0.0002) and possibly reduced general psychopathology (SMD:-1.58 [95%CI -3.35; 0.18], p = 0.08) in people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. No acute injuries were reported, mean adherence to HIIT sessions ranged from 64-94%, and dropout ranged from 0--50%. LIMITATIONS Results were limited to a small number of low-to-moderate quality intervention studies. CONCLUSION These findings suggest HIIT may improve a range of physical and mental health outcomes among people with mental illnesses. Nonetheless, high-quality well-powered trials are needed to reaffirm these findings, and future research should address the seemingly high rate of dropout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Martland
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom.
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom
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31
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Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: Potential Mechanisms and Evidence-based Recommendations. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060841. [PMID: 31212854 PMCID: PMC6617109 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex symptomatology, and core symptoms as well as functional impairment often persist into adulthood. Recent investigations estimate the worldwide prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents to be ~7%, which is a substantial increase compared to a decade ago. Conventional treatment most often includes pharmacotherapy with central nervous stimulants, but the number of non-responders and adverse effects call for treatment alternatives. Exercise has been suggested as a safe and low-cost adjunctive therapy for ADHD and is reported to be accompanied by positive effects on several aspects of cognitive functions in the general child population. Here we review existing evidence that exercise affects cognitive functions in children with and without ADHD and present likely neurophysiological mechanisms of action. We find well-described associations between physical activity and ADHD, as well as causal evidence in the form of small to moderate beneficial effects following acute aerobic exercise on executive functions in children with ADHD. Despite large heterogeneity, meta-analyses find small positive effects of exercise in population-based control (PBC) children, and our extracted effect sizes from long-term interventions suggest consistent positive effects in children and adolescents with ADHD. Paucity of studies probing the effect of different exercise parameters impedes finite conclusions in this regard. Large-scale clinical trials with appropriately timed exercise are needed. In summary, the existing preliminary evidence suggests that exercise can improve cognitive performance intimately linked to ADHD presentations in children with and without an ADHD diagnosis. Based on the findings from both PBC and ADHD children, we cautiously provide recommendations for parameters of exercise.
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32
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Cao M, Quan M, Zhuang J. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1533. [PMID: 31052205 PMCID: PMC6539300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can lead to substantial health benefits. Comparisons between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CRF for children and adolescents are inconsistent and inconclusive. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the effects between HIIT and MICT on CRF in children and adolescents. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. The standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to determine the pooled effect size of HIIT and MICT on CRF. A total of 563 subjects from 17 studies (18 effects) were identified. The pooled effect size was 0.51 (95% CI = 0.33-0.69) comparing HIIT to MICT. Moreover, intervention duration, exercise modality, work and rest ratio, and total bouts did not significantly modify the effect of HIIT on CRF. It is concluded that compared with endurance training, HIIT has greater improvements on cardiorespiratory fitness among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cao
- School of Physical Education and Sports Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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33
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Gibala MJ, Heisz JJ, Nelson AJ. INTERVAL TRAINING FOR CARDIOMETABOLIC AND BRAIN HEALTH. ACSM'S HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sperlich B, De Clerck I, Zinner C, Holmberg HC, Wallmann-Sperlich B. Prolonged Sitting Interrupted by 6-Min of High-Intensity Exercise: Circulatory, Metabolic, Hormonal, Thermal, Cognitive, and Perceptual Responses. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1279. [PMID: 30386249 PMCID: PMC6198043 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to examine certain aspects of circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses while sitting following a brief session of high-intensity interval exercise. Twelve students (five men; age, 22 ± 2 years) performed two trials involving either simply sitting for 180 min (SIT) or sitting for this same period with a 6-min session of high-intensity exercise after 60 min (SIT+HIIT). At T0 (after 30 min of resting), T1 (after a 20-min breakfast), T2 (after sitting for 1 h), T3 (immediately after the HIIT), T4, T5, T6, and T7 (30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the HIIT), circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses were assessed. The blood lactate concentration (at T3-T5), heart rate (at T3-T6), oxygen uptake (at T3-T7), respiratory exchange ratio, and sensations of heat (T3-T5), sweating (T3, T4) and odor (T3), as well as perception of vigor (T3-T6), were higher and the respiratory exchange ratio (T4-T7) and mean body and skin temperatures (T3) lower in the SIT+HIIT than the SIT trial. Levels of blood glucose and salivary cortisol, cerebral oxygenation, and feelings of anxiety/depression, fatigue or hostility, as well as the variables of cognitive function assessed by the Stroop test did not differ between SIT and SIT+HIIT. In conclusion, interruption of prolonged sitting with a 6-min session of HIIT induced more pronounced circulatory and metabolic responses and improved certain aspects of perception, without affecting selected hormonal, thermoregulatory or cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Zinner
- Department of Sport, University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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S J, Arumugam N, Parasher RK. Effect of physical exercises on attention, motor skill and physical fitness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:125-137. [PMID: 30264226 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-018-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are educated in classrooms along with typically developing children. Those with ADHD, however, find it difficult to participate in routine educational and recreational activities as they encounter problems associated with behaviour, attention, motor skills and physical endurance. Traditionally, the management of children with ADHD has focussed primarily on problems with cognition and has been heavily dependent on pharmaceutical interventions and, to a lesser extent, on non-pharmaceutical measures. More recently, experts have increasingly advocated the use of exercises in alleviating symptoms associated with ADHD. The primary objective of this review was to summarize research that examined the role of exercises on deficits related to attention, motor skills and fitness in children with ADHD. A search of the available literature was conducted using a combination of relevant key words in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase and Cochrane review. The search filtered 3016 studies of potential relevance, of which 2087 were excluded after screening titles and abstracts as per the inclusion criteria. Thirty-four (34) studies were analysed in greater depth, and 16 were excluded after detailed consideration as they did not match the inclusion (PEDro score > 4) and exclusion criteria. Three (3) additional studies were excluded as they lacked exercise prescription details such as intensity, duration and frequency of exercise. Finally, 15 studies were analysed with a focus on the effects of physical exercises on attention, hyperactive behaviour, motor skills and physical fitness in ADHD children. Overall, the studies reviewed were of moderate-to-high quality and reported benefits of a variety of exercise programmes in improving motor skills, physical fitness, attention and social behaviour in children with ADHD. However, there was limited information regarding school-based programmes, the effects of structured exercise programmes independently or in combination with cognitive-based therapies, and the long-term benefits of exercises in alleviating behavioural problems in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyanthi S
- Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Narkeesh Arumugam
- Physiotherapy Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Raju K Parasher
- Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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36
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Engel FA, Wagner M, Roth A, Scharenberg S, Bossmann T, Woll A, Sperlich B. Hochintensives Intervalltraining im Sportunterricht. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-018-0492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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