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Mandracchia B, Zheng C, Rajendran S, Liu W, Forghani P, Xu C, Jia S. High-speed optical imaging with sCMOS pixel reassignment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4598. [PMID: 38816394 PMCID: PMC11139943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has undergone rapid advancements, offering unprecedented visualization of biological events and shedding light on the intricate mechanisms governing living organisms. However, the exploration of rapid biological dynamics still poses a significant challenge due to the limitations of current digital camera architectures and the inherent compromise between imaging speed and other capabilities. Here, we introduce sHAPR, a high-speed acquisition technique that leverages the operating principles of sCMOS cameras to capture fast cellular and subcellular processes. sHAPR harnesses custom fiber optics to convert microscopy images into one-dimensional recordings, enabling acquisition at the maximum camera readout rate, typically between 25 and 250 kHz. We have demonstrated the utility of sHAPR with a variety of phantom and dynamic systems, including high-throughput flow cytometry, cardiomyocyte contraction, and neuronal calcium waves, using a standard epi-fluorescence microscope. sHAPR is highly adaptable and can be integrated into existing microscopy systems without requiring extensive platform modifications. This method pushes the boundaries of current fluorescence imaging capabilities, opening up new avenues for investigating high-speed biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Mandracchia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Corey Zheng
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suraj Rajendran
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shu Jia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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2
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Ryoo H, Kimmel H, Rondo E, Underhill GH. Advances in high throughput cell culture technologies for therapeutic screening and biological discovery applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10627. [PMID: 38818120 PMCID: PMC11135158 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular phenotypes and functional responses are modulated by the signals present in their microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, tissue mechanical properties, soluble signals and nutrients, and cell-cell interactions. To better recapitulate and analyze these complex signals within the framework of more physiologically relevant culture models, high throughput culture platforms can be transformative. High throughput methodologies enable scientists to extract increasingly robust and broad datasets from individual experiments, screen large numbers of conditions for potential hits, better qualify and predict responses for preclinical applications, and reduce reliance on animal studies. High throughput cell culture systems require uniformity, assay miniaturization, specific target identification, and process simplification. In this review, we detail the various techniques that researchers have used to face these challenges and explore cellular responses in a high throughput manner. We highlight several common approaches including two-dimensional multiwell microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic cell culture systems as well as unencapsulated and encapsulated three-dimensional high throughput cell culture systems, featuring multiwell microplates, micromolds, microwells, microarrays, granular hydrogels, and cell-encapsulated microgels. We also discuss current applications of these high throughput technologies, namely stem cell sourcing, drug discovery and predictive toxicology, and personalized medicine, along with emerging opportunities and future impact areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ryoo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Hannah Kimmel
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Evi Rondo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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3
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Min S, Kim S, Sim WS, Choi YS, Joo H, Park JH, Lee SJ, Kim H, Lee MJ, Jeong I, Cui B, Jo SH, Kim JJ, Hong SB, Choi YJ, Ban K, Kim YG, Park JU, Lee HA, Park HJ, Cho SW. Versatile human cardiac tissues engineered with perfusable heart extracellular microenvironment for biomedical applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2564. [PMID: 38519491 PMCID: PMC10960018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered human cardiac tissues have been utilized for various biomedical applications, including drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, the applications of cardiac tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells are often limited due to their immaturity and lack of functionality. Therefore, in this study, we establish a perfusable culture system based on in vivo-like heart microenvironments to improve human cardiac tissue fabrication. The integrated culture platform of a microfluidic chip and a three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix enhances human cardiac tissue development and their structural and functional maturation. These tissues are comprised of cardiovascular lineage cells, including cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells. The resultant macroscale human cardiac tissues exhibit improved efficacy in drug testing (small molecules with various levels of arrhythmia risk), disease modeling (Long QT Syndrome and cardiac fibrosis), and regenerative therapy (myocardial infarction treatment). Therefore, our culture system can serve as a highly effective tissue-engineering platform to provide human cardiac tissues for versatile biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suran Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Cellartgen, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sup Sim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Sun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Baofang Cui
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Beom Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Cellartgen, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Q, Xue R, Zhao Y, Ramsay K, Wang EY, Savoji H, Veres T, Cartmell SH, Radisic M. Automated fabrication of a scalable heart-on-a-chip device by 3D printing of thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposite and hot embossing. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:46-60. [PMID: 38024233 PMCID: PMC10654006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful translation of organ-on-a-chip devices requires the development of an automated workflow for device fabrication, which is challenged by the need for precise deposition of multiple classes of materials in micro-meter scaled configurations. Many current heart-on-a-chip devices are produced manually, requiring the expertise and dexterity of skilled operators. Here, we devised an automated and scalable fabrication method to engineer a Biowire II multiwell platform to generate human iPSC-derived cardiac tissues. This high-throughput heart-on-a-chip platform incorporated fluorescent nanocomposite microwires as force sensors, produced from quantum dots and thermoplastic elastomer, and 3D printed on top of a polystyrene tissue culture base patterned by hot embossing. An array of built-in carbon electrodes was embedded in a single step into the base, flanking the microwells on both sides. The facile and rapid 3D printing approach efficiently and seamlessly scaled up the Biowire II system from an 8-well chip to a 24-well and a 96-well format, resulting in an increase of platform fabrication efficiency by 17,5000-69,000% per well. The device's compatibility with long-term electrical stimulation in each well facilitated the targeted generation of mature human iPSC-derived cardiac tissues, evident through a positive force-frequency relationship, post-rest potentiation, and well-aligned sarcomeric apparatus. This system's ease of use and its capacity to gauge drug responses in matured cardiac tissue make it a powerful and reliable platform for rapid preclinical drug screening and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ruikang Xue
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering and The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Ramsay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Teodor Veres
- National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sarah H. Cartmell
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering and The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
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5
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Cha E, Kim J, Gotina L, Kim J, Kim HJ, Seo SH, Park JE, Joo J, Kang M, Lee J, Hwang H, Kim HJ, Pae AN, Park KD, Park JH, Lim SM. Exploration of Tetrahydroisoquinoline- and Benzo[ c]azepine-Based Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Agonists for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10381-10412. [PMID: 37489798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Because of the wide use of Fingolimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its cardiovascular side effects such as bradycardia, second-generation sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist drugs for MS have been developed and approved by FDA. The issue of bradycardia is still present with the new drugs, however, which necessitates further exploration of S1P1 agonists with improved safety profiles for next-generation MS drugs. Herein, we report a tetrahydroisoquinoline or a benzo[c]azepine core-based S1P1 agonists such as 32 and 60 after systematic examination of hydrophilic groups and cores. We investigated the binding modes of our representative compounds and their molecular interactions with S1P1 employing recent S1P1 cryo-EM structures. Also, favorable ADME properties of our compounds were shown. Furthermore, in vivo efficacy of our compounds was clearly demonstrated with PLC and EAE studies. Also, the preliminary in vitro cardiovascular safety of our compound was verified with human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Cha
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jushin Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hee Seo
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Joo
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kang
- Doping Control Center, Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Cordova AC, Klaren WD, Ford LC, Grimm FA, Baker ES, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Rusyn I. Integrative Chemical-Biological Grouping of Complex High Production Volume Substances from Lower Olefin Manufacturing Streams. TOXICS 2023; 11:586. [PMID: 37505552 PMCID: PMC10385386 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Human cell-based test methods can be used to evaluate potential hazards of mixtures and products of petroleum refining ("unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials" substances, UVCBs). Analyses of bioactivity and detailed chemical characterization of petroleum UVCBs were used separately for grouping these substances; a combination of the approaches has not been undertaken. Therefore, we used a case example of representative high production volume categories of petroleum UVCBs, 25 lower olefin substances from low benzene naphtha and resin oils categories, to determine whether existing manufacturing-based category grouping can be supported. We collected two types of data: nontarget ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry of both neat substances and their organic extracts and in vitro bioactivity of the organic extracts in five human cell types: umbilical vein endothelial cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and cardiomyocytes. We found that while similarity in composition and bioactivity can be observed for some substances, existing categories are largely heterogeneous. Strong relationships between composition and bioactivity were observed, and individual constituents that determine these associations were identified. Overall, this study showed a promising approach that combines chemical composition and bioactivity data to better characterize the variability within manufacturing categories of petroleum UVCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Cordova
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - William D Klaren
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lucie C Ford
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fabian A Grimm
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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7
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Janicki PK, Singh A, Sharma AK, Ruiz‐Velasco V. Dissimilar effects of stereoisomers and racemic hydroxychloroquine on Ca 2+ oscillations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15760. [PMID: 37474273 PMCID: PMC10359155 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All currently employed pharmaceutical formulations of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sulfate are a racemate, consisting of equal parts mixture of two stereoisomers: R(-)HCQ and S(+)HCQ sulfates. The aims of the current study were first, to obtain and characterize pure HCQ enantiomers. The separation and purification of free base HCQ enantiomers from the racemate form were performed using semi-preparative chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Second, we compared the pharmacological properties of both optical isomers and racemic mixture on the intracellular Ca2+ oscillations employing an in vitro model of human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The results of the pharmacological investigations indicate that the racemic and pure stereoisomer forms of HCQ sulfate exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations (as measured from their frequency and Ca2+ peak widths) in cardiomyocytes 5-45 min following exposure. In addition, the concentration-response relationships for all three compounds indicated that the rank order of potency (IC50 ) was R(-)HCQ >racemic HCQ >S(+)HCQ for the frequency of the Ca2+ oscillations and width of Ca2+ peaks for all time points examined. These studies indicate that both R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers exhibit differing pharmacological actions on hiPSC cardiomyocytes, with the former effecting a greater potency on cell Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K. Janicki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Victor Ruiz‐Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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8
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Otsuka S, Qin XY, Wang W, Ito T, Nansai H, Abe K, Fujibuchi W, Nakao Y, Sone H. iGEM as a human iPS cell-based global epigenetic modulation detection assay provides throughput characterization of chemicals affecting DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6663. [PMID: 37095195 PMCID: PMC10125974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical-induced dysregulation of DNA methylation during the fetal period is known to contribute to developmental disorders or increase the risk of certain diseases later in life. In this study, we developed an iGEM (iPS cell-based global epigenetic modulation) detection assay using human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells that express a fluorescently labeled methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD), which enables a high-throughput screening of epigenetic teratogens/mutagens. 135 chemicals with known cardiotoxicity and carcinogenicity were categorized according to the MBD signal intensity, which reflects the degree of nuclear spatial distribution/concentration of DNA methylation. Further biological characterization through machine-learning analysis that integrated genome-wide DNA methylation, gene expression profiling, and knowledge-based pathway analysis revealed that chemicals with hyperactive MBD signals strongly associated their effects on DNA methylation and expression of genes involved in cell cycle and development. These results demonstrated that our MBD-based integrated analytical system is a powerful framework for detecting epigenetic compounds and providing mechanism insights of pharmaceutical development for sustainable human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Otsuka
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Communication, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8555, Japan
| | - Xian-Yang Qin
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ito
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nansai
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kuniya Abe
- Technology and Development Team for Mammalian Cellular Dynamics, BioResource Center, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-Cho, Sho-Goin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Communication, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hideko Sone
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
- Environmental Health and Prevention Research Unit, Department of Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano, Totsuka, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan.
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9
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Functional human cell-based vascularised cardiac tissue model for biomedical research and testing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13459. [PMID: 35931748 PMCID: PMC9355975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are widely used in in vitro biomedical research and testing. However, fully matured, adult cardiomyocyte characteristics have not been achieved. To improve the maturity and physiological relevance of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, we co-cultured them with preconstructed vascular-like networks to form a functional, human cell-based cardiac tissue model. The morphology and gene expression profiles indicated advanced maturation in the cardiac tissue model compared to those of a cardiomyocyte monoculture. The cardiac tissue model’s functionality was confirmed by measuring the effects of 32 compounds with multielectrode array and comparing results to human data. Our model predicted the cardiac effects with a predictive accuracy of 91%, sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 100%. The correlation between the effective concentration (EC50) and the reported clinical plasma concentrations was 0.952 (R2 = 0.905). The developed advanced human cell-based cardiac tissue model showed characteristics and functionality of human cardiac tissue enabling accurate transferability of gained in vitro data to human settings. The model is standardized and thus, it would be highly useful in biomedical research and cardiotoxicity testing.
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10
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Boutin JA, Bedut S, Jullian M, Galibert M, Frankiewicz L, Gloanec P, Ferry G, Puget K, Leprince J. Caloxin-derived peptides for the inhibition of plasma membrane calcium ATPases. Peptides 2022; 154:170813. [PMID: 35605801 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) are a family of transmembrane proteins responsible for the extrusion of cytosolic Ca2+ to the extracellular milieu. They are important players of the calcium homeostasis possibly implicated in some important diseases. The reference inhibitors of PMCA extruding activity are on one hand ortho-vanadate (IC50 in the 30 mM range), and on the other a series of 12- to 20-mer peptides named caloxins (IC50 in the 100 µM scale). As for all integral membrane proteins, biochemistry and pharmacology are difficult to study on isolated and/or purified proteins. Using a series of reference blockers, we assessed a pharmacological window with which we could study the functionality of PMCAs in living cells. Using this system, we screened for alternative versions of caloxins, aiming at shortening the peptide backbone, introducing non-natural amino acids, and overall trying to get a glimpse at the structure-activity relationship between those new peptides and the protein in a cellular context. We describe a short series of equipotent 5-residue long analogues with IC50 in the low µM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France; INSERM U1239, University of Rouen Normandy, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Ferry
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Jérôme Leprince
- INSERM U1239, University of Rouen Normandy, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen, France; INSERM US51, University of Rouen Normandy, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Rouen, France
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11
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Kowalczewski A, Sakolish C, Hoang P, Liu X, Jacquir S, Rusyn I, Ma Z. Integrating nonlinear analysis and machine learning for human induced pluripotent stem cell-based drug cardiotoxicity testing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:732-743. [PMID: 35621199 PMCID: PMC9719611 DOI: 10.1002/term.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology, nonlinear analysis and machine learning we can create novel tools to evaluate drug-induced cardiotoxicity on human cardiomyocytes. With cardiovascular disease remaining the leading cause of death globally it has become imperative to create effective and modern tools to test the efficacy and toxicity of drugs to combat heart disease. The calcium transient signals recorded from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are highly complex and dynamic with great degrees of response characteristics to various drug treatments. However, traditional linear methods often fail to capture the subtle variation in these signals generated by hiPSC-CMs. In this work, we integrated nonlinear analysis, dimensionality reduction techniques and machine learning algorithms for better classifying the contractile signals from hiPSC-CMs in response to different drug exposure. By utilizing extracted parameters from a commercially available high-throughput testing platform, we were able to distinguish the groups with drug treatment from baseline controls, determine the drug exposure relative to IC50 values, and classify the drugs by its unique cardiac responses. By incorporating nonlinear parameters computed by phase space reconstruction, we were able to improve our machine learning algorithm's ability to predict cardiotoxic levels and drug classifications. We also visualized the effects of drug treatment and dosages with dimensionality reduction techniques, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). We have shown that integration of nonlinear analysis and artificial intelligence has proven to be a powerful tool for analyzing cardiotoxicity and classifying toxic compounds through their mechanistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Plansky Hoang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Sabir Jacquir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA,Corresponding author Zhen Ma, PhD. Syracuse University ()
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12
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Jakubiec M, Abram M, Zagaja M, Andres-Mach M, Szewczyk A, Latacz G, Szulczyk B, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Wlaź P, Metcalf CS, Wilcox K, Kamiński RM, Kamiński K. New Phenylglycinamide Derivatives with Hybrid Structure as Candidates for New Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121862. [PMID: 35740990 PMCID: PMC9221546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a focused combinatorial chemistry approach was applied to merge structural fragments of well-known TRPV1 antagonists with a potent anticonvulsant lead compound, KA-104, that was previously discovered by our group. Consequently, a series of 22 original compounds has been designed, synthesized, and characterized in the in vivo and in vitro assays. The obtained compounds showed robust in vivo antiseizure activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) test and in the 6 Hz seizure model (using both 32 and 44 mA current intensities). The most potent compounds 53 and 60 displayed the following pharmacological profile: ED50 = 89.7 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 29.9 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), ED50 = 68.0 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), and ED50 = 73.6 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 24.6 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), and ED50 = 56.3 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), respectively. Additionally, 53 and 60 were effective in the ivPTZ seizure threshold and had no influence on the grip strength and body temperature in mice. The in vitro binding and functional assays indicated a multimodal mechanism of action for 53 and 60. These molecules, beyond TRPV1 antagonism, inhibited calcium currents and fast sodium currents in patch-clamp assays. Further studies proved beneficial in vitro ADME-Tox properties for 53 and 60 (i.e., high metabolic stability, weak influence on CYPs, no neurotoxicity, etc.). Overall, 53 and 60 seem to be interesting candidates for future preclinical development in epilepsy and pain indications due to their interaction with the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Cameron S. Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Karen Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Rafał M. Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-54-59
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13
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Gomes MR, Castelo Ferreira F, Sanjuan-Alberte P. Electrospun piezoelectric scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212808. [PMID: 35929248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of smart materials in tissue engineering is becoming increasingly appealing to provide additional functionalities and control over cell fate. The stages of tissue development and regeneration often require various electrical and electromechanical cues supported by the extracellular matrix, which is often neglected in most tissue engineering approaches. Particularly, in cardiac cells, electrical signals modulate cell activity and are responsible for the maintenance of the excitation-contraction coupling. Addition of electroconductive and topographical cues improves the biomimicry of cardiac tissues and plays an important role in driving cells towards the desired phenotype. Current platforms used to apply electrical stimulation to cells in vitro often require large external equipment and wires and electrodes immersed in the culture media, limiting the scalability and applicability of this process. Piezoelectric materials represent a shift in paradigm in materials and methods aimed at providing electrical stimulation to cardiac cells since they can produce and deliver electrical signals to cells and tissues by mechanoelectrical transduction. Despite the ability of piezoelectric materials to mimic the mechanoelectrical transduction of the heart, the use of these materials is limited in cardiac tissue engineering and methods to characterise piezoelectricity are often built in-house, which poses an additional difficulty when comparing results from the literature. In this work, we aim at providing an overview of the main challenges in cardiac tissue engineering and how piezoelectric materials could offer a solution to them. A revision on the existing literature in electrospun piezoelectric materials applied to cardiac tissue engineering is performed for the first time, as electrospinning plays an important role in the manufacturing of scaffolds with enhanced piezoelectricity and extracellular matrix native-like morphology. Finally, an overview of the current techniques used to evaluate piezoelectricity and their limitations is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ramalho Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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14
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Palmquist KH, Tiemann SF, Ezzeddine FL, Yang S, Pfeifer CR, Erzberger A, Rodrigues AR, Shyer AE. Reciprocal cell-ECM dynamics generate supracellular fluidity underlying spontaneous follicle patterning. Cell 2022; 185:1960-1973.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Murata K, Masumoto H. Systems for the functional evaluation of human heart tissues derived from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:537-545. [PMID: 35303744 PMCID: PMC9216506 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are expected to be a promising cell source in regenerative medicine and drug discovery for the treatment of various intractable diseases. An approach for creating a three-dimensional (3D) structure from hPSCs that mimics human cardiac tissue functions has made it theoretically possible to conduct drug discovery and cardiotoxicity tests by assessing pharmacological responses in human cardiac tissues by a screening system using a compound library. The myocardium functions as a tissue composed of organized vascular networks, supporting stromal cells and cardiac muscle cells. Considering this, the reconstruction of tissue structure by various cells of cardiovascular lineages, such as vascular cells and cardiac muscle cells, is desirable for the ideal conformation of hPSC-derived cardiac tissues. Heart-on-a-chip, an organ-on-a-chip system to evaluate the physiological pump function of 3D cardiac tissues might hold promise in medical researches such as drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Here, we review various modalities to evaluate the function of human stem cell-derived cardiac tissues and introduce heart-on-a-chip systems that can recapitulate physiological parameters of hPSC-derived cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Murata
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Narkar A, Willard JM, Blinova K. Chronic Cardiotoxicity Assays Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063199. [PMID: 35328619 PMCID: PMC8953833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are increasingly used in cardiac safety assessment, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. A vast majority of cardiotoxicity studies in the past have tested acute effects of compounds and drugs; however, these studies lack information on the morphological or physiological responses that may occur after prolonged exposure to a cardiotoxic compound. In this review, we focus on recent advances in chronic cardiotoxicity assays using hiPSC-CMs. We summarize recently published literature on hiPSC-CMs assays applied to chronic cardiotoxicity induced by anticancer agents, as well as non-cancer classes of drugs, including antibiotics, anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) and antidiabetic drugs. We then review publications on the implementation of hiPSC-CMs-based assays to investigate the effects of non-pharmaceutical cardiotoxicants, such as environmental chemicals or chronic alcohol consumption. We also highlight studies demonstrating the chronic effects of smoking and implementation of hiPSC-CMs to perform genomic screens and metabolomics-based biomarker assay development. The acceptance and wide implementation of hiPSC-CMs-based assays for chronic cardiotoxicity assessment will require multi-site standardization of assay protocols, chronic cardiac maturity marker reproducibility, time points optimization, minimal cellular variation (commercial vs. lab reprogrammed), stringent and matched controls and close clinical setting resemblance. A comprehensive investigation of long-term repeated exposure-induced effects on both the structure and function of cardiomyocytes can provide mechanistic insights and recapitulate drug and environmental cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narkar
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - James M. Willard
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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18
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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19
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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20
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Chen Z, Jang S, Kaihatu JM, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Potential Human Health Hazard of Post-Hurricane Harvey Sediments in Galveston Bay and Houston Ship Channel: A Case Study of Using In Vitro Bioactivity Data to Inform Risk Management Decisions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13378. [PMID: 34948986 PMCID: PMC8702027 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic disasters may be associated with redistribution of chemical contaminants in the environment; however, current methods for assessing hazards and risks of complex mixtures are not suitable for disaster response. This study investigated the suitability of in vitro toxicity testing methods as a rapid means of identifying areas of potential human health concern. We used sediment samples (n = 46) from Galveston Bay and the Houston Ship Channel (GB/HSC) areas after hurricane Harvey, a disaster event that led to broad redistribution of chemically-contaminated sediments, including deposition of the sediment on shore due to flooding. Samples were extracted with cyclohexane and dimethyl sulfoxide and screened in a compendium of human primary or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell lines from different tissues (hepatocytes, neuronal, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial) to test for concentration-dependent effects on various functional and cytotoxicity phenotypes (n = 34). Bioactivity data were used to map areas of potential concern and the results compared to the data on concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the same samples. We found that setting remediation goals based on reducing bioactivity is protective of both "known" risks associated with PAHs and "unknown" risks associated with bioactivity, but the converse was not true for remediation based on PAH risks alone. Overall, we found that in vitro bioactivity can be used as a comprehensive indicator of potential hazards and is an example of a new approach method (NAM) to inform risk management decisions on site cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunwei Chen
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.C.); (S.J.); (W.A.C.)
| | - Suji Jang
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.C.); (S.J.); (W.A.C.)
| | - James M. Kaihatu
- Civil & Environmental Engineering and Ocean Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Biological Sciences and Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (Y.-H.Z.); (F.A.W.)
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Biological Sciences and Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (Y.-H.Z.); (F.A.W.)
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.C.); (S.J.); (W.A.C.)
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.C.); (S.J.); (W.A.C.)
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21
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Feaster TK, Casciola M, Narkar A, Blinova K. Acute effects of cardiac contractility modulation on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15085. [PMID: 34729935 PMCID: PMC8564440 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is an intracardiac therapy whereby nonexcitatory electrical simulations are delivered during the absolute refractory period of the cardiac cycle. We previously evaluated the effects of CCM in isolated adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes and found a transient increase in calcium and contractility. In the present study, we sought to extend these results to human cardiomyocytes using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to develop a robust model to evaluate CCM in vitro. HiPSC-CMs (iCell Cardiomyocytes2 , Fujifilm Cellular Dynamic, Inc.) were studied in monolayer format plated on flexible substrate. Contractility, calcium handling, and electrophysiology were evaluated by fluorescence- and video-based analysis (CellOPTIQ, Clyde Biosciences). CCM pulses were applied using an A-M Systems 4100 pulse generator. Robust hiPSC-CMs response was observed at 14 V/cm (64 mA) for pacing and 28 V/cm (128 mA, phase amplitude) for CCM. Under these conditions, hiPSC-CMs displayed enhanced contractile properties including increased contraction amplitude and faster contraction kinetics. Likewise, calcium transient amplitude increased, and calcium kinetics were faster. Furthermore, electrophysiological properties were altered resulting in shortened action potential duration (APD). The observed effects subsided when the CCM stimulation was stopped. CCM-induced increase in hiPSC-CMs contractility was significantly more pronounced when extracellular calcium concentration was lowered from 2 mM to 0.5 mM. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of CCM effects on hiPSC-CMs. These data represent the first study of CCM in hiPSC-CMs and provide an in vitro model to assess physiologically relevant mechanisms and evaluate safety and effectiveness of future cardiac electrophysiology medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tromondae K. Feaster
- Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesCenter for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Maura Casciola
- Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesCenter for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesCenter for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesCenter for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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22
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Burnett SD, Blanchette AD, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Cardiotoxicity Hazard and Risk Characterization of ToxCast Chemicals Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes from Multiple Donors. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2110-2124. [PMID: 34448577 PMCID: PMC8762671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease remains a significant human health burden worldwide with a significant fraction of morbidity attributable to environmental exposures. However, the extent to which the thousands of chemicals in commerce and the environment may contribute to heart disease morbidity is largely unknown, because in contrast to pharmaceuticals, environmental chemicals are seldom tested for potential cardiotoxicity. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have become an informative in vitro model for cardiotoxicity testing of drugs with the availability of cells from multiple individuals allowing in vitro testing of population variability. In this study, we hypothesized that a panel of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from healthy human donors can be used to screen for the potential cardiotoxicity hazard and risk of environmental chemicals. We conducted concentration-response testing of 1029 chemicals (drugs, pesticides, flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), plasticizers, industrial chemicals, food/flavor/fragrance agents, etc.) in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 5 donors. We used kinetic calcium flux and high-content imaging to derive quantitative measures as inputs into Bayesian population concentration-response modeling of the effects of each chemical. We found that many environmental chemicals pose a hazard to human cardiomyocytes in vitro with more than half of all chemicals eliciting positive or negative chronotropic or arrhythmogenic effects. However, most of the tested environmental chemicals for which human exposure and high-throughput toxicokinetics data were available had wide margins of exposure and, thus, do not appear to pose a significant human health risk in a general population. Still, relatively narrow margins of exposure (<100) were estimated for some perfuoroalkyl substances and phthalates, raising concerns that cumulative exposures may pose a cardiotoxicity risk. Collectively, this study demonstrated the value of using a population-based human in vitro model for rapid, high-throughput hazard and risk characterization of chemicals for which little to no cardiotoxicity data are available from guideline studies in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Burnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Alexander D. Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
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23
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Kim JY, Nam Y, Rim YA, Ju JH. Review of the Current Trends in Clinical Trials Involving Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:142-154. [PMID: 34532844 PMCID: PMC8445612 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In 2006, the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) was presented to the world, paving the way for the development of a magnitude of novel therapeutic alternatives, addressing a diverse range of diseases. However, despite the immense cell therapy potential, relatively few clinical trials evaluating iPSC-technology have actually translated into interventional, clinically applied treatment regimens. Herein, our aim was to determine trends in globally conducted clinical trials involving iPSCs. Data were derived both from well-known registries recording clinical trials from across the globe, and databases from individual countries. Comparisons were firstly drawn between observational and interventional studies before the latter was further analyzed in terms of therapeutic and nontherapeutic trials. Our main observations included global distribution, purpose, target size, and types of disorder relevant to evaluated trials. In terms of nontherapeutic trials, the USA conducted the majority, a large average number of participants-187-was included in the trials, and studies on circulatory system disorders comprised a slightly higher proportion of total studies. Conversely, Japan was the frontrunner in terms of conducting therapeutic trials, and the average number of participants was much lower, at roughly 29. Disorders of the circulatory, as well as nervous and visual systems, were all studied in equal measure. This review highlights the impact that iPSC-based cell therapies can have, should development thereof gain more traction. We lastly considered a few companies that are actively utilizing iPSCs in the development of therapies for various diseases, for whom the global trends in clinical trials could become increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yejean Kim
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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24
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Arai K, Kitsuka T, Nakayama K. Scaffold-based and scaffold-free cardiac constructs for drug testing. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34233316 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The safety and therapeutic efficacy of new drugs are tested in experimental animals. However, besides being a laborious, costly process, differences in drug responses between humans and other animals and potential cardiac adverse effects lead to the discontinued development of new drugs. Thus, alternative approaches to animal tests are needed. Cardiotoxicity and responses of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to drugs are conventionally evaluated by cell seeding and two-dimensional (2D) culture, which allows measurements of field potential duration and the action potentials of CMs using multielectrode arrays. However, 2D-cultured hiPSC-CMs lack 3D spatial adhesion, and have fewer intercellular and extracellular matrix interactions, as well as different contractile behavior from CMsin vivo. This issue has been addressed using tissue engineering to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) cardiac constructs from hiPSC-CMs culturedin vitro. Tissue engineering can be categorized as scaffold-based and scaffold-free. In scaffold-based tissue engineering, collagen and fibrin gel scaffolds comprise a 3D culture environment in which seeded cells exhibit cardiac-specific functions and drug responses, whereas 3D cardiac constructs fabricated by tissue engineering without a scaffold have high cell density and form intercellular interactions. This review summarizes the characteristics of scaffold-based and scaffold-free cardiac tissue engineering and discusses the applications of fabricated cardiac constructs to drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Arai
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Clinical Biomaterial Applied Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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25
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Palmer JA, Smith AM, Gryshkova V, Donley ELR, Valentin JP, Burrier RE. A Targeted Metabolomics-Based Assay Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Identifies Structural and Functional Cardiotoxicity Potential. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:218-240. [PMID: 32040181 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing screening assays that identify functional and structural cardiotoxicity earlier in the drug development pipeline has the potential to improve safety and decrease the cost and time required to bring new drugs to market. In this study, a metabolic biomarker-based assay was developed that predicts the cardiotoxicity potential of a drug based on changes in the metabolism and viability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Assay development and testing was conducted in 2 phases: (1) biomarker identification and (2) targeted assay development. In the first phase, metabolomic data from hiPSC-CM spent media following exposure to 66 drugs were used to identify biomarkers that identified both functional and structural cardiotoxicants. Four metabolites that represent different metabolic pathways (arachidonic acid, lactic acid, 2'-deoxycytidine, and thymidine) were identified as indicators of cardiotoxicity. In phase 2, a targeted, exposure-based biomarker assay was developed that measured these metabolites and hiPSC-CM viability across an 8-point concentration curve. Metabolite-specific predictive thresholds for identifying the cardiotoxicity potential of a drug were established and optimized for balanced accuracy or sensitivity. When predictive thresholds were optimized for balanced accuracy, the assay predicted the cardiotoxicity potential of 81 drugs with 86% balanced accuracy, 83% sensitivity, and 90% specificity. Alternatively, optimizing the thresholds for sensitivity yields a balanced accuracy of 85%, 90% sensitivity, and 79% specificity. This new hiPSC-CM-based assay provides a paradigm that can identify structural and functional cardiotoxic drugs that could be used in conjunction with other endpoints to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of a drug's cardiotoxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan M Smith
- Stemina Biomarker Discovery, Inc, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vitalina Gryshkova
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Investigative Toxicology, Development Science, B-1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Valentin
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Investigative Toxicology, Development Science, B-1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
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26
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Keung W, Cheung YF. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling of Anticancer Therapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Cardioprotective Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650039. [PMID: 33953683 PMCID: PMC8090862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer chemotherapies have been shown to produce severe side effects, with cardiotoxicity from anthracycline being the most notable. Identifying risk factors for anticancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients as well as understanding its underlying mechanism is essential to improving clinical outcomes of chemotherapy treatment regimens. Moreover, cardioprotective agents against anticancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity are scarce. Human induced pluripotent stem cell technology offers an attractive platform for validation of potential single nucleotide polymorphism with increased risk for cardiotoxicity. Successful validation of risk factors and mechanism of cardiotoxicity would aid the development of such platform for novel drug discovery and facilitate the practice of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Fai Cheung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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27
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Burnett SD, Blanchette AD, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model in toxicology: strengths and weaknesses for hazard identification and risk characterization. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:887-902. [PMID: 33612039 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1894122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes is one of the most widely used cell-based models that resulted from the discovery of how non-embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into multiple cell types. In just one decade, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes went from a research lab to widespread use in biomedical research and preclinical safety evaluation for drugs and other chemicals. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews data on toxicology applications of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. We detail the outcome of a systematic literature search on their use (i) in hazard assessment for cardiotoxicity liabilities, (ii) for risk characterization, (iii) as models for population variability, and (iv) in studies of personalized medicine and disease. EXPERT OPINION iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are useful to increase the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of cardiotoxicity hazard identification for both drugs and non-pharmaceuticals, with recent efforts beginning to demonstrate their utility for risk characterization. Notable limitations include the needs to improve the maturation of cells in culture, to better understand their potential use identifying structural cardiotoxicity, and for additional case studies involving population-wide and disease-specific risk characterization. Ultimately, the greatest future benefits are likely for non-pharmaceutical chemicals, filling a critical gap where no routine testing for cardiotoxicity is currently performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Burnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Luo YS, Chen Z, Blanchette AD, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Baker ES, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Relationships between constituents of energy drinks and beating parameters in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-Derived cardiomyocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111979. [PMID: 33450301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of energy drinks has been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects; however, little is known about the ingredients that may contribute to these effects. We therefore characterized the chemical profiles and in vitro effects of energy drinks and their ingredients on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, and identified the putative active ingredients using a multivariate prediction model. Energy drinks from 17 widely-available over-the-counter brands were evaluated in this study. The concentrations of six common ingredients (caffeine, taurine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, adenine, and L-methionine) were quantified by coupling liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the acquisition of LC-MS/MS spectra. In addition, untargeted analyses for each beverage were performed with a platform combining LC, ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS) measurements. Approximately 300 features were observed across samples in the untargeted studies, and of these ~100 were identified. In vitro effects of energy drinks and some of their ingredients were then tested in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Data on the beat rate (positive and negative chronotropy), ion channel function (QT prolongation), and cytotoxicity were collected in a dilution series. We found that some of the energy drinks elicited adverse effects on the cardiomyocytes with the most common being an increase in the beat rate, while QT prolongation was also observed at the lowest concentrations. Finally, concentration addition modeling using quantitative data from the 6 common ingredients and multivariate prediction modeling was used to determine potential ingredients responsible for the adverse effects on the cardiomyocytes. These analyses suggested theophylline, adenine, and azelate as possibly contributing to the in vitro effects of energy drinks on QT prolongation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Gintant G, Kaushik EP, Feaster T, Stoelzle-Feix S, Kanda Y, Osada T, Smith G, Czysz K, Kettenhofen R, Lu HR, Cai B, Shi H, Herron TJ, Dang Q, Burton F, Pang L, Traebert M, Abassi Y, Pierson JB, Blinova K. Repolarization studies using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Validation studies and best practice recommendations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cho KW, Lee WH, Kim BS, Kim DH. Sensors in heart-on-a-chip: A review on recent progress. Talanta 2020; 219:121269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim YS, Lee SY, Yoon JW, Kim D, Yu S, Kim JS, Kim JH. Cardiotoxicity induced by the combination therapy of chloroquine and azithromycin in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32958120 PMCID: PMC7607154 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy using chloroquine (CQ) and azithromycin (AZM) has drawn great attention due to its potential anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trials have revealed that the co-administration of CQ and AZM resulted in severe side effects, including cardiac arrhythmia, in patients with COVID-19. To elucidate the cardiotoxicity induced by CQ and AZM, we examined the effects of these drugs based on the electrophysiological properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) using multi-electrode arrays. CQ treatment significantly increased the field potential duration, which corresponds to prolongation of the QT interval, and decreased the spike amplitude, spike slope, and conduction velocity of hESC-CMs. AZM had no significant effect on the field potentials of hESC-CMs. However, CQ in combination with AZM greatly increased the field potential duration and decreased the beat period and spike slope of hESC-CMs when compared with CQ monotherapy. In support of the clinical data suggesting the cardiovascular side effects of the combination therapy of CQ and AZM, our results suggest that AZM reinforces the cardiotoxicity induced by CQ in hESC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seul Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Soo Yong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dasol Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sangbin Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jeong Su Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Truong KM, Feng W, Pessah IN. Ryanodine Receptor Type 2: A Molecular Target for Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane- and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene-Mediated Cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:159-172. [PMID: 32894766 PMCID: PMC7850024 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) are ubiquitously found in the environment and linked to cardiovascular diseases-with a majority of the work focused on hypertension. Studies investigating whether DDx can interact with molecular targets on cardiac tissue to directly affect cardiac function are lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, or p,p'-DDE (DDx, collectively) can directly alter the function of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) by assessing their effect(s) on hiPSC-CMs Ca2+ dynamics. DDx (0.1-10 µM) affected hiPSC-CMs synchronous Ca2+ oscillation frequency in a concentration-dependent manner, with p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE also decreasing Ca2+ stores. HEK-RyR2 cells cultured under antibiotic selection to induce expression of wild-type mouse ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) are used to further investigate whether DDx alters hiPSC-CMs Ca2+ dynamics through engagement with RyR2, a protein critical for cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Acute treatment with 10 µM DDx failed to induce Ca2+ release in HEK293-RyR2, whereas pretreatment with DDx (0.1-10 µM) for 12- or 24-h significantly decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores in HEK-RyR2 cells challenged with caffeine (1 mM), an RyR agonist. [3H]ryanodine-binding analysis using murine cardiac RyR2 homogenates further confirmed that all DDx isomers (10 µM) can directly engage with RyR2 to favor an open (leaky) confirmation, whereas only the DDT isomers (10 µM) modestly (≤10%) inhibited SERCA2a activity. The data demonstrate that DDx increases heart rate and depletes Ca2+ stores in human cardiomyocytes through a mechanism that impairs RyR2 function and Ca2+ dynamics. IMPACT STATEMENT DDT/DDE interactions with RyR2 alter cardiomyocyte Ca2+ dynamics that may contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Truong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616. E-mail:
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Grimm FA, Klaren WD, Li X, Lehmler HJ, Karmakar M, Robertson LW, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Cardiovascular Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Their Major Metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:77008. [PMID: 32701041 PMCID: PMC7377239 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenobiotic metabolism is complex, and accounting for bioactivation and detoxification processes of chemicals remains among the most challenging aspects for decision making with in vitro new approach methods data. OBJECTIVES Considering the physiological relevance of human organotypic culture models and their utility for high-throughput screening, we hypothesized that multidimensional chemical-biological profiling of chemicals and their major metabolites is a sensible alternative for the toxicological characterization of parent molecules vs. metabolites in vitro. METHODS In this study, we tested 25 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [PCB 3, 11, 52, 126, 136, and 153 and their relevant metabolites (hydroxylated, methoxylated, sulfated, and quinone)] in concentration-response (10 nM-100μM) for effects in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and endothelial cells (ECs) (iPSC-derived and HUVECs). Functional phenotypic end points included effects on beating parameters and intracellular Ca2+ flux in CMs and inhibition of tubulogenesis in ECs. High-content imaging was used to evaluate cytotoxicity, mitochondrial integrity, and oxidative stress. RESULTS Data integration of a total of 19 physicochemical descriptors and 36 in vitro phenotypes revealed that chlorination status and metabolite class are strong predictors of the in vitro cardiovascular effects of PCBs. Oxidation of PCBs, especially to di-hydroxylated and quinone metabolites, was associated with the most pronounced effects, whereas sulfation and methoxylation of PCBs resulted in diminished bioactivity. DISCUSSION Risk characterization analysis showed that although in vitro derived effective concentrations exceeded the levels measured in the general population, risks cannot be ruled out due to the potential for population variability in susceptibility and the need to fill data gaps using read-across approaches. This study demonstrated a strategy for how in vitro data can be used to characterize human health risks from PCBs and their metabolites. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A. Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - William D. Klaren
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Moumita Karmakar
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Larry W. Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Parrotta EI, Lucchino V, Scaramuzzino L, Scalise S, Cuda G. Modeling Cardiac Disease Mechanisms Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Progress, Promises and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4354. [PMID: 32575374 PMCID: PMC7352327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels. Despite progress in clinical research and therapy, CVDs still represent the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The hallmarks of cardiac diseases include heart dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death, inflammation, fibrosis, scar tissue, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and abnormal ventricular remodeling. The loss of cardiomyocytes is an irreversible process that leads to fibrosis and scar formation, which, in turn, induce heart failure with progressive and dramatic consequences. Both genetic and environmental factors pathologically contribute to the development of CVDs, but the precise causes that trigger cardiac diseases and their progression are still largely unknown. The lack of reliable human model systems for such diseases has hampered the unraveling of the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular processes involved in heart diseases at their initial stage and during their progression. Over the past decade, significant scientific advances in the field of stem cell biology have literally revolutionized the study of human disease in vitro. Remarkably, the possibility to generate disease-relevant cell types from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into an unprecedented and powerful opportunity to achieve the long-standing ambition to investigate human diseases at a cellular level, uncovering their molecular mechanisms, and finally to translate bench discoveries into potential new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an update on previous and current research in the field of iPSC-driven cardiovascular disease modeling, with the aim of underlining the potential of stem-cell biology-based approaches in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of these life-threatening diseases.
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Dominant rule of community effect in synchronized beating behavior of cardiomyocyte networks. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:481-501. [PMID: 32367300 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the combination of latest microfabrication technologies and single cell measurement technologies, we can measure the interactions of single cells, and cell networks from "algebraic" and "geometric" perspectives under the full control of their environments and interactions. However, the experimental constructive single cell-based approach still remains the limitations regarding the quality and condition control of those cells. To overcome these limitations, mathematical modeling is one of the most powerful complementary approaches. In this review, we first explain our on-chip experimental methods for constructive approach, and we introduce the results of the "community effect" of beating cardiomyocyte networks as an example of this approach. On-chip analysis revealed that (1) synchronized interbeat intervals (IBIs) of cell networks were followed to the more stable beating cells even their IBIs were slower than the other cells, which is against the conventional faster firing regulation or "overdrive suppression," and (2) fluctuation of IBIs of cardiomyocyte networks decreased according to the increase of the number of connected cells regardless of their geometry. The mathematical simulation of this synchronous behavior of cardiomyocyte networks also fitted well with the experimental results after incorporating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem into the oscillating stochastic phase model, in which the concept of spatially arranged cardiomyocyte networks was involved. The constructive experiments and mathematical modeling indicated the dominant rule of synchronization behavior of beating cardiomyocyte networks is a kind of stability-oriented synchronization phenomenon as the "community effect" or a fluctuation-dissipation phenomenon. Finally, as a practical application of this approach, the predictive cardiotoxicity is introduced.
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Laco F, Lam ATL, Woo TL, Tong G, Ho V, Soong PL, Grishina E, Lin KH, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Selection of human induced pluripotent stem cells lines optimization of cardiomyocytes differentiation in an integrated suspension microcarrier bioreactor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32183888 PMCID: PMC7076930 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of large quantities of cardiomyocyte is essential for the needs of cellular therapies. This study describes the selection of a human-induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC) line suitable for production of cardiomyocytes in a fully integrated bioprocess of stem cell expansion and differentiation in microcarrier stirred tank reactor. Methods Five hiPSC lines were evaluated first for their cardiac differentiation efficiency in monolayer cultures followed by their expansion and differentiation compatibility in microcarrier (MC) cultures under continuous stirring conditions. Results Three cell lines were highly cardiogenic but only one (FR202) of them was successfully expanded on continuous stirring MC cultures. FR202 was thus selected for cardiac differentiation in a 22-day integrated bioprocess under continuous stirring in a stirred tank bioreactor. In summary, we integrated a MC-based hiPSC expansion (phase 1), CHIR99021-induced cardiomyocyte differentiation step (phase 2), purification using the lactate-based treatment (phase 3) and cell recovery step (phase 4) into one process in one bioreactor, under restricted oxygen control (< 30% DO) and continuous stirring with periodic batch-type media exchanges. High density of undifferentiated hiPSC (2 ± 0.4 × 106 cells/mL) was achieved in the expansion phase. By controlling the stirring speed and DO levels in the bioreactor cultures, 7.36 ± 1.2 × 106 cells/mL cardiomyocytes with > 80% Troponin T were generated in the CHIR99021-induced differentiation phase. By adding lactate in glucose-free purification media, the purity of cardiomyocytes was enhanced (> 90% Troponin T), with minor cell loss as indicated by the increase in sub-G1 phase and the decrease of aggregate sizes. Lastly, we found that the recovery period is important for generating purer and functional cardiomyocytes (> 96% Troponin T). Three independent runs in a 300-ml working volume confirmed the robustness of this process. Conclusion A streamlined and controllable platform for large quantity manufacturing of pure functional atrial, ventricular and nodal cardiomyocytes on MCs in conventional-type stirred tank bioreactors was established, which can be further scaled up and translated to a good manufacturing practice-compliant production process, to fulfill the quantity requirements of the cellular therapeutic industry. Supplementary information The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-020-01618-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Laco
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
| | - Tsung-Liang Woo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Gerine Tong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Poh-Loong Soong
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elina Grishina
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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A protocol for metabolic characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM). MethodsX 2020; 7:100572. [PMID: 32140435 PMCID: PMC7046813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSCM) field offer a novel platform for modeling cardiac metabolism, heart diseases drug candidates screening and cardiac toxicity assessments. These workflows require a fully functional characterization of iPSCMs. Here we report a step by step protocol for iPSCM metabolic characterization. The described assays cover analysis of small metabolites involved in a vital metabolic pathways.
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Sirenko O, Parham F, Dea S, Sodhi N, Biesmans S, Mora-Castilla S, Ryan K, Behl M, Chandy G, Crittenden C, Vargas-Hurlston S, Guicherit O, Gordon R, Zanella F, Carromeu C. Functional and Mechanistic Neurotoxicity Profiling Using Human iPSC-Derived Neural 3D Cultures. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:58-76. [PMID: 30169818 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect millions of people worldwide and appear to be on the rise. Whereas the reason for this increase remains unknown, environmental factors are a suspected contributor. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop more complex, biologically relevant, and predictive in vitro assays to screen larger sets of compounds with the potential for neurotoxicity. Here, we employed a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based 3D neural platform composed of mature cortical neurons and astrocytes as a model for this purpose. The iPSC-derived human 3D cortical neuron/astrocyte co-cultures (3D neural cultures) present spontaneous synchronized, readily detectable calcium oscillations. This advanced neural platform was optimized for high-throughput screening in 384-well plates and displays highly consistent, functional performance across different wells and plates. Characterization of oscillation profiles in 3D neural cultures was performed through multi-parametric analysis that included the calcium oscillation rate and peak width, amplitude, and waveform irregularities. Cellular and mitochondrial toxicity were assessed by high-content imaging. For assay characterization, we used a set of neuromodulators with known mechanisms of action. We then explored the neurotoxic profile of a library of 87 compounds that included pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, flame retardants, and other chemicals. Our results demonstrated that 57% of the tested compounds exhibited effects in the assay. The compounds were then ranked according to their effective concentrations based on in vitro activity. Our results show that a human iPSC-derived 3D neural culture assay platform is a promising biologically relevant tool to assess the neurotoxic potential of drugs and environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick Parham
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Steven Dea
- StemoniX, Inc, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55311
| | - Neha Sodhi
- StemoniX, Inc, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55311
| | | | | | - Kristen Ryan
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Mamta Behl
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Takasuna K, Kazusa K, Hayakawa T. Comprehensive Cardiac Safety Assessment using hiPS-cardiomyocytes (Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells: CSAHi). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:829-841. [PMID: 31749424 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191024172425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current cardiac safety assessment platforms (in vitro hERG-centric, APD, and/or in vivo animal QT assays) are not fully predictive of drug-induced Torsades de Pointes (TdP) and do not address other mechanism-based arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac safety liabilities such as contractile and structural cardiotoxicity which are another growing safety concerns. We organized the Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi; http://csahi.org/en/) in 2013, based on the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), to verify the application of human iPS/ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug safety evaluation. The CSAHi HEART team focused on comprehensive screening strategies to predict a diverse range of cardiotoxicities using recently introduced platforms such as the Multi-Electrode Array (MEA), cellular impedance, Motion Field Imaging (MFI), and optical imaging of Ca transient to identify strengths and weaknesses of each platform. Our study showed that hiPS-CMs used in these platforms could detect pharmacological responses that were more relevant to humans compared to existing hERG, APD, or Langendorff (MAPD/contraction) assays. Further, MEA and other methods such as impedance, MFI, and Ca transient assays provided paradigm changes of platforms for predicting drug-induced QT risk and/or arrhythmia or contractile dysfunctions. In contrast, since discordances such as overestimation (false positive) of arrhythmogenicity, oversight, or opposite conclusions in positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activities to some compounds were also confirmed, possibly due to their functional immaturity of hiPS-CMs, hiPS-CMs should be used in these platforms for cardiac safety assessment based upon their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Heart Team, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kazusa
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi), Heart team, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayakawa
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi), Heart team, Japan
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Burnett SD, Blanchette AD, Grimm FA, House JS, Reif DM, Wright FA, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Population-based toxicity screening in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114711. [PMID: 31425687 PMCID: PMC6745256 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential for cardiotoxicity is carefully evaluated for pharmaceuticals, as it is a major safety liability. However, environmental chemicals are seldom tested for their cardiotoxic potential. Moreover, there is a large variability in both baseline and drug-induced cardiovascular risk in humans, but data are lacking on the degree to which susceptibility to chemically-induced cardiotoxicity may also vary. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have become an important in vitro model for drug screening. Thus, we hypothesized that a population-based model of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from a diverse set of individuals can be used to assess potential hazard and inter-individual variability in chemical effects on these cells. We conducted concentration-response screening of 134 chemicals (pharmaceuticals, industrial and environmental chemicals and food constituents) in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 43 individuals, comprising both sexes and diverse ancestry. We measured kinetic calcium flux and conducted high-content imaging following chemical exposure, and utilized a panel of functional and cytotoxicity parameters in concentration-response for each chemical and donor. We show reproducible inter-individual variability in both baseline and chemical-induced effects on iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Further, chemical-specific variability in potency and degree of population variability were quantified. This study shows the feasibility of using an organotypic population-based human in vitro model to quantitatively assess chemicals for which little cardiotoxicity information is available. Ultimately, these results advance in vitro toxicity testing methodologies by providing an innovative tool for population-based cardiotoxicity screening, contributing to the paradigm shift from traditional animal models of toxicity to in vitro toxicity testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Burnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
| | - Fabian A Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
| | - John S House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - David M Reif
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
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Guth BD, Engwall M, Eldridge S, Foley CM, Guo L, Gintant G, Koerner J, Parish ST, Pierson JB, Ribeiro AJS, Zabka T, Chaudhary KW, Kanda Y, Berridge B. Considerations for an In Vitro, Cell-Based Testing Platform for Detection of Adverse Drug-Induced Inotropic Effects in Early Drug Development. Part 1: General Considerations for Development of Novel Testing Platforms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31447679 PMCID: PMC6697071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced effects on cardiac contractility can be assessed through the measurement of the maximal rate of pressure increase in the left ventricle (LVdP/dtmax) in conscious animals, and such studies are often conducted at the late stage of preclinical drug development. Detection of such effects earlier in drug research using simpler, in vitro test systems would be a valuable addition to our strategies for identifying the best possible drug development candidates. Thus, testing platforms with reasonably high throughput, and affordable costs would be helpful for early screening purposes. There may also be utility for testing platforms that provide mechanistic information about how a given drug affects cardiac contractility. Finally, there could be in vitro testing platforms that could ultimately contribute to the regulatory safety package of a new drug. The characteristics needed for a successful cell or tissue-based testing platform for cardiac contractility will be dictated by its intended use. In this article, general considerations are presented with the intent of guiding the development of new testing platforms that will find utility in drug research and development. In the following article (part 2), specific aspects of using human-induced stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for this purpose are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,PreClinical Drug Development Platform (PCDDP), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michael Engwall
- Safety Pharmacology and Animal Research Center, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sandy Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - C Michael Foley
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Gary Gintant
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John Koerner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stanley T Parish
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer B Pierson
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Tanja Zabka
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Khuram W Chaudhary
- Global Safety Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Brian Berridge
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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Sridharan B, Hubbs C, Llamosas N, Kilinc M, Singhera FU, Willems E, Piper DR, Scampavia L, Rumbaugh G, Spicer TP. A Simple Procedure for Creating Scalable Phenotypic Screening Assays in Human Neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9000. [PMID: 31227747 PMCID: PMC6588600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons created from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide the capability of identifying biological mechanisms that underlie brain disorders. IPSC-derived human neurons, or iNs, hold promise for advancing precision medicine through drug screening, though it remains unclear to what extent iNs can support early-stage drug discovery efforts in industrial-scale screening centers. Despite several reported approaches to generate iNs from iPSCs, each suffer from technological limitations that challenge their scalability and reproducibility, both requirements for successful screening assays. We addressed these challenges by initially removing the roadblocks related to scaling of iNs for high throughput screening (HTS)-ready assays. We accomplished this by simplifying the production and plating of iNs and adapting them to a freezer-ready format. We then tested the performance of freezer-ready iNs in an HTS-amenable phenotypic assay that measured neurite outgrowth. This assay successfully identified small molecule inhibitors of neurite outgrowth. Importantly, we provide evidence that this scalable iN-based assay was both robust and highly reproducible across different laboratories. These streamlined approaches are compatible with any iPSC line that can produce iNs. Thus, our findings indicate that current methods for producing iPSCs are appropriate for large-scale drug-discovery campaigns (i.e. >10e5 compounds) that read out simple neuronal phenotypes. However, due to the inherent limitations of currently available iN differentiation protocols, technological advances are required to achieve similar scalability for screens that require more complex phenotypes related to neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- BanuPriya Sridharan
- The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Christopher Hubbs
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Nerea Llamosas
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Murat Kilinc
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Fakhar U Singhera
- The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Erik Willems
- Cell Biology, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, 92008, USA
| | - David R Piper
- Cell Biology, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, 92008, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA.
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA.
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA.
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Stack JP, Moslehi J, Sayed N, Wu JC. Cancer therapy-induced cardiomyopathy: can human induced pluripotent stem cell modelling help prevent it? Eur Heart J 2019; 40:1764-1770. [PMID: 29377985 PMCID: PMC6554650 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxic effects from cancer therapy are a major cause of morbidity during cancer treatment. Unexpected toxicity can occur during treatment and/or after completion of therapy, into the time of cancer survivorship. While older drugs such as anthracyclines have well-known cardiotoxic effects, newer drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, and immunotherapies also can cause diverse cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are increasingly being used as instruments for disease modelling, drug discovery, and mechanistic toxicity studies. Promising results with hiPSC-CM chemotherapy studies are raising hopes for improving cancer therapies through personalized medicine and safer drug development. Here, we review the cardiotoxicity profiles of common chemotherapeutic agents as well as efforts to model them in vitro using hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Stack
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, 3rd Floor, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S102, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 383 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN USA
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 383 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, 3rd Floor, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S102, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, 3rd Floor, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S102, Stanford, CA, USA
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Blanchette AD, Grimm FA, Dalaijamts C, Hsieh NH, Ferguson K, Luo YS, Rusyn I, Chiu WA. Thorough QT/QTc in a Dish: An In Vitro Human Model That Accurately Predicts Clinical Concentration-QTc Relationships. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:1175-1186. [PMID: 30346629 PMCID: PMC6465173 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
"Thorough QT/corrected QT (QTc)" (TQT) studies are cornerstones of clinical cardiovascular safety assessment. However, TQT studies are resource intensive, and preclinical models predictive of the threshold of regulatory concern are lacking. We hypothesized that an in vitro model using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes from a diverse sample of human subjects can serve as a "TQT study in a dish." For 10 positive and 3 negative control drugs, in vitro concentration-QTc, computed using a population Bayesian model, accurately predicted known in vivo concentration-QTc. Moreover, predictions of the percent confidence that the regulatory threshold of 10 ms QTc prolongation would be breached were also consistent with in vivo evidence. This "TQT study in a dish," consisting of a population-based iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte model and Bayesian concentration-QTc modeling, has several advantages over existing in vitro platforms, including higher throughput, lower cost, and the ability to accurately predict the in vivo concentration range below the threshold of regulatory concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian A. Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Chimedullam Dalaijamts
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kyle Ferguson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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45
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Grimm FA, House JS, Wilson MR, Sirenko O, Iwata Y, Wright FA, Ball N, Rusyn I. Multi-dimensional in vitro bioactivity profiling for grouping of glycol ethers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 101:91-102. [PMID: 30471335 PMCID: PMC6333527 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High-content screening data derived from physiologically-relevant in vitro models promise to improve confidence in data-integrative groupings for read-across in human health safety assessments. The biological data-based read-across concept is especially applicable to bioactive chemicals with defined mechanisms of toxicity; however, the challenge of data-derived groupings for chemicals that are associated with little or no bioactivity has not been explored. In this study, we apply a suite of organotypic and population-based in vitro models for comprehensive bioactivity profiling of twenty E-Series and P-Series glycol ethers, solvents with a broad variation in toxicity ranging from relatively non-toxic to reproductive and hematopoetic system toxicants. Both E-Series and P-Series glycol ethers elicited cytotoxicity only at high concentrations (mM range) in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. Population-variability assessment comprised a study of cytotoxicity in 94 human lymphoblast cell lines from 9 populations and revealed differences in inter-individual variability across glycol ethers, but did not indicate population-specific effects. Data derived from various phenotypic and transcriptomic assays revealed consistent bioactivity trends between both cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, indicating a more universal, rather than cell-type specific mode-of-action for the tested glycol ethers in vitro. In vitro bioactivity-based similarity assessment using Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) showed that glycol ethers group according to their alcohol chain length, longer chains were associated with increased bioactivity. While overall in vitro bioactivity profiles did not correlate with in vivo toxicity data on glycol ethers, in vitro bioactivity of E-series glycol ethers were indicative of and correlated with in vivo irritation scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John S House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Melinda R Wilson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Nicholas Ball
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting (TERC), Environment, Health and Safety (EH&S), The Dow Chemical Company, Horgen, Zurich, 8810, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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46
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Moon I, Ahmadzadeh E, Jaferzadeh K, Kim N. Automated quantification study of human cardiomyocyte synchronization using holographic imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:610-621. [PMID: 30800503 PMCID: PMC6377906 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the rhythm strip and parameters of synchronization of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) derived cardiomyocytes. The synchronization is evaluated from quantitative phase images of beating cardiomyocytes which are obtained using the time-lapse digital holographic imaging method. By quantitatively monitoring the dry mass redistribution, digital holography provides the physical contraction-relaxation signal caused by autonomous cardiac action potential. In order to analyze the synchronicity at the cell-to-cell level, we extracted single cardiac muscle cells, which contain the nuclei, from the phase images of cardiomyocytes containing multiple cells resulting from the fusion of k-means clustering and watershed segmentation algorithms. We demonstrate that mature cardiomyocyte cell synchronization can be automatically evaluated by time-lapse microscopic holographic imaging. Our proposed method can be applied for studies on cardiomyocyte disorders and drug safety testing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- InKyu Moon
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Ezat Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Keyvan Jaferzadeh
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Namgon Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea
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47
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Forny C, Sube R, Ertel EA. Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30394391 PMCID: PMC6235566 DOI: 10.3791/58290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Various methods have been proposed to record this spontaneous activity and to evaluate drug effects, but many of these methods suffer from limited throughput and/or physiological relevance. We developed a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on hiPSC-CM's beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader. We describe how to prepare the cell plates and the compound plates and how to run the automated assay to achieve high sensitivity and reproducibility. We also describe how to transform and analyze the fluorescence data to provide reliable measures of drug effects on spontaneous rhythm. This assay can be used in drug discovery programs to guide chemical optimization away from, or toward, compounds affecting human cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Forny
- Department of Pharmacology and Preclinical Development, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd
| | - Romain Sube
- Department of Pharmacology and Preclinical Development, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd
| | - Eric A Ertel
- Department of Pharmacology and Preclinical Development, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd;
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48
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Asahi Y, Hamada T, Hattori A, Matsuura K, Odaka M, Nomura F, Kaneko T, Abe Y, Takasuna K, Sanbuissho A, Yasuda K. On-chip spatiotemporal electrophysiological analysis of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes enables quantitative assessment of proarrhythmia in drug development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14536. [PMID: 30266924 PMCID: PMC6162288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined a simultaneous combined spatiotemporal field potential duration (FPD) and cell-to-cell conduction time (CT) in lined-up shaped human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) using an on-chip multielectrode array (MEA) system to evaluate two origins of lethal arrhythmia, repolarization and depolarization. The repolarization index, FPD, was prolonged by E-4031 and astemizole, and shortened by verapamil, flecainide and terfenadine at 10 times higher than therapeutic plasma concentrations of each drug, but it did not change after lidocaine treatment up to 100 μM. CT was increased by astemizol, flecainide, terfenadine, and lidocaine at equivalent concentrations of Nav1.5 IC50, suggesting that CT may be an index of cardiac depolarization because the increase in CT (i.e., decrease in cell-to-cell conduction speed) was relevant to Nav1.5 inhibition. Fluctuations (short-term variability; STV) of FPD and CT, STVFPD and STVCT also discriminated between torsadogenic and non-torsadogenic compounds with significant increases in their fluctuation values, enabling precise prediction of arrhythmogenic risk as potential new indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Asahi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hamada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Chiome Bioscience Inc. Shibuya, Tokyo, 151-0071, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hattori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Kenji Matsuura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Masao Odaka
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Fumimasa Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kaneko
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei Univ., Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sanbuissho
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan.
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore.
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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49
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Fermini B, Coyne KP, Coyne ST. Challenges in designing and executing clinical trials in a dish studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 94:73-82. [PMID: 30267757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing cost of drug discovery and development represents a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and new strategies to bridge studies between preclinical testing and clinical trials are needed to reduce the knowledge gap prior to first human exposures, and to allow earlier decisions to be made on the further development of drugs. A number of studies have demonstrated that various cell types differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) do not just respond similarly to human tissues in general, but rather recapitulate the drug response of their specific donor's, when exposed to the same drug in vivo. This recapitulation opens the doors to Clinical Trials in a Dish (CTiD), a platform which involves testing, in vitro, medical therapies for safety on cells collected from a sample of human patients, before moving into clinical trials. However, the science behind CTiD is complex, and every element of the process from tissue acquisition to data generation must be assessed and designed to meet quality metrics and standards. Without such rigorous assessment and design, the basic scientific integrity of CTiD constructs is likely compromised, and the results questionable. Given the lack of standard process and/or quality metrics in place for the use of stem cell-based products for in vitro testing per se, we discuss here the key elements that one needs to consider when designing, implementing and executing CTiD studies, in order to ensure an approach that will reliably mimic clinical trials, and allow obtaining reproducible and reliable experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fermini
- Coyne Scientific, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA.
| | - Kevin P Coyne
- Coyne Scientific, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Shawn T Coyne
- Coyne Scientific, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
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Bruyneel AA, McKeithan WL, Feyen DA, Mercola M. Will iPSC-cardiomyocytes revolutionize the discovery of drugs for heart disease? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 42:55-61. [PMID: 30081259 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the largest single cause of mortality in the Western world, despite significant advances in clinical management over the years. Unfortunately, the development of new cardiovascular medicines is stagnating and can in part be attributed to the difficulty of screening for novel therapeutic strategies due to a lack of suitable models. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells and the ability to make limitless numbers of cardiomyocytes could revolutionize heart disease modeling and drug discovery. This review summarizes the state of the art in the field, describes the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, and applications where the model system would be most appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne An Bruyneel
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dries Am Feyen
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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