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Hao S, Zhang X. Job burnout and anxiety among medical staff: A latent profile and moderated mediation analysis. Soc Sci Med 2024; 356:117141. [PMID: 39033699 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to work pressure, work intensity, and the impact of emergencies such as the epidemic, job burnout and mental health problems among medical staff have become increasingly prominent. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to characterize the patterns of burnout in Chinese medical staff, explore the profile differences on anxiety and self-esteem, examine whether the differences in these profiles on anxiety were mediated by self-esteem, and investigate whether this mediating process was moderated by positive coping styles among medical staff. METHODS Data were collected from 602 medical staff in China by a convenient sampling method. A latent profile and moderated mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS Latent profile analysis on three burnout dimensions [emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy] indicated two burnout profiles: low burnout (82.47% of the sample) and high burnout (17.53%). Medical staff with a low burnout profile had lower levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism than those with a high burnout profile. It was also determined that self-esteem mediates burnout and anxiety in both high- and low-burnout medical staff. The moderating role of positive coping styles was also identified (β = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.058-0.550). CONCLUSIONS The identification of two distinct burnout patterns (low burnout and high burnout) provides clinical administrators with clear goals for individualizing support and interventions for medical staff with different levels of burnout. Furthermore, attention should be given to self-esteem and positive coping styles, as they act as potential mediators and moderators of medical staff's mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Hao
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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2
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Buchanan GJR, Berge JM, F Piehler T. Integrated behavioral health implementation and chronic disease management inequities: an exploratory study of statewide data. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:302. [PMID: 39143518 PMCID: PMC11323651 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with diabetes, vascular disease, and asthma often struggle to maintain stability in their chronic health conditions, particularly those in rural areas, living in poverty, or racially or ethnically minoritized populations. These groups can experience inequities in healthcare, where one group of people has fewer or lower-quality resources than others. Integrating behavioral healthcare services into primary care holds promise in helping the primary care team better manage patients' conditions, but it involves changing the way care is delivered in a clinic in multiple ways. Some clinics are more successful than others in fully integrating behavioral health models as shown by previous research conducted by our team identifying four patterns of implementation: Low, Structural, Partial, and Strong. Little is known about how this variation in integration may be related to chronic disease management and if IBH could be a strategy to reduce healthcare inequities. This study explores potential relationships between IBH implementation variation and chronic disease management in the context of healthcare inequities. METHODS Building on a previously published latent class analysis of 102 primary care clinics in Minnesota, we used multiple regression to establish relationships between IBH latent class and healthcare inequities in chronic disease management, and then structural equation modeling to examine how IBH latent class may moderate those healthcare inequities. RESULTS Contrary to our hypotheses, and demonstrating the complexity of the research question, clinics with better chronic disease management were more likely to be Low IBH rather than any other level of integration. Strong and Structural IBH clinics demonstrated better chronic disease management as race in the clinic's location became more White. CONCLUSIONS IBH may result in improved care, though it may not be sufficient to resolve healthcare inequities; it appears that IBH may be more effective when fewer social determinants of health are present. Clinics with Low IBH may not be motivated to engage in this practice change for chronic disease management and may need to be provided other reasons to do so. Larger systemic and policy changes are likely required that specifically target the mechanisms of healthcare inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen J R Buchanan
- Redleaf Center for Family Healing, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, 701 Park Ave., Suite S3, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy F Piehler
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Hammerton G, Heron J, Lewis K, Tilling K, Vansteelandt S. Counterfactual Mediation Analysis with a Latent Class Exposure. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:818-840. [PMID: 38821136 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2024.2335394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Latent classes are a useful tool in developmental research, however there are challenges associated with embedding them within a counterfactual mediation model. We develop and test a new method "updated pseudo class draws (uPCD)" to examine the association between a latent class exposure and distal outcome that could easily be extended to allow the use of any counterfactual mediation method. UPCD extends an existing group of methods (based on pseudo class draws) that assume that the true values of the latent class variable are missing, and need to be multiply imputed using class membership probabilities. We simulate data based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, examine performance for existing techniques to relate a latent class exposure to a distal outcome ("one-step," "bias-adjusted three-step," "modal class assignment," "non-inclusive pseudo class draws," and "inclusive pseudo class draws") and compare bias in parameter estimates and their precision to uPCD when estimating counterfactual mediation effects. We found that uPCD shows minimal bias when estimating counterfactual mediation effects across all levels of entropy. UPCD performs similarly to recommended methods (one-step and bias-adjusted three-step), but provides greater flexibility and scope for incorporating the latent grouping within any commonly-used counterfactual mediation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Hammerton
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
- Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation (HPRU BSE), University of Bristol
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
| | - Katie Lewis
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Kate Tilling
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
| | - Stijn Vansteelandt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University
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Feng R, Xie Y, Wu J. How is personality related to research performance? The mediating effect of research engagement. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1257166. [PMID: 38268800 PMCID: PMC10806242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1257166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Faculty members' research performance holds great significance for the development of a university. The primary objective of this study is to examine the influences of researchers' personalities on their research performance within universities, as well as the mediating role of research engagement in this relationship. The study encompassed 189 faculty members from a university and employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, measurement, and structural equation modeling as the analytical procedures. The results obtained from structural equation modeling reveal significant effects of faculty members' personalities on their objective research performance rather than self-reported performance. Specifically, conscientiousness and openness to experience exhibit a positive correlation with research performance. On the contrary, the neuroticism and social attributes of personality (the integration of extraversion and agreeableness) exhibit a negative correlation with research performance. Furthermore, research engagement mediates the effects of openness to experience and neuroticism on research performance. This study carries significant implications for the training and recruitment selection of faculty members in universities and enhances our understanding of how different personalities lead to a variance in research engagement and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Human Resources Department, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Intelligence and Management (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang L, Sasser J, Doane LD, Peltz J, Oshri A. Latent Profiles of Sleep Patterns in Early Adolescence: Associations With Behavioral Health Risk. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:177-185. [PMID: 37815759 PMCID: PMC10841331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study characterized sleep profiles in a national longitudinal sample of early adolescents and examined whether profiles predicted later behavioral problems. METHODS Three waves of data (2016-2021) were obtained from the Adolescent Behavior and Cognitive Development study, including 3,326 participants with both weekday and weekend sleep data measured by Fitbit wearables (age range 10.58-13.67 years; 49.3% female). Latent profile analysis was utilized to identify sleep profiles using multiple sleep indicators (duration, latency, efficiency, wake minutes, wake counts, and midpoint). We then explored whether demographic predictors predicted profile membership and tested the latent sleep profiles' predictive utility of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS Four profiles were identified: average sleep (40.39%), high duration & high wakefulness (28.58%), high efficiency, low duration &low wakefulness (16.86%), and low duration & low efficiency (14.17%). Participants with older age, males, higher body mass index, and advanced pubertal status were more likely to be classified in the low duration & low efficiency profile than the average group. Participants with lower income, minority identification, older age, and higher body mass index were more likely to be classified in the high efficiency, low duration &low wakefulness than the average group. Participants with lower parental education and males were more likely to be in the high sleep duration & high wakefulness than the average group. The low duration & low efficiency group had the highest attention problems, social problems, and rule-breaking behaviors. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight unique sleep patterns in early adolescence and their prospective links with internalizing and externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
| | - Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Jack Peltz
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Brockport, Brockport, New York
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Wei W, Witherspoon DP, Kim SY. Trajectories of discrimination among Chinese American youth: Variation, predictors, and outcomes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1350-1367. [PMID: 37665119 PMCID: PMC10840659 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Using 3 waves of longitudinal data from 444 Chinese American adolescents (Mage = 13.04 at Wave 1, 54% identified as women), the current study explored if there was variation in discrimination trajectories from early to late adolescence and whether contextual and individual factors predicted trajectories as well as if trajectories were associated with academic achievement and mental health. Three distinct discrimination trajectories were identified: low-increasing, moderate-stable, and high-decreasing. The results also revealed that neighborhood Chinese concentration and adolescents' acculturation predicted discrimination trajectories. Different trajectories were also associated with depressive symptoms; adolescents in the high-decreasing trajectory reported higher levels of depressive symptoms in late adolescence than in the other two trajectories. The findings highlight the heterogeneity in Chinese American adolescents' discrimination experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
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7
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Sasser J, Li CB, Doane LD, Krasnow A, Murugan V, Magee DM, LaBaer J. Associations between COVID-19 sleep patterns, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and academic engagement: a latent profile analysis. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37535853 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2239361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had important implications for college students' socioemotional and academic well-being. Sleep problems were common during this time, which may have further impacted well-being. Methods: Five hundred and fifty-two college students (Mage = 19.81; 58% female; 42% White) completed a survey in Fall 2021 reflecting on behaviors/emotions (sleep, depressive symptoms, loneliness, academic engagement) experienced during the first peak of COVID-19 and over the past month. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify subgroups of sleepers during peak-COVID in relation to well-being during and after the initial peak. Results: Four sleep profiles were identified: Optimal (49%), High Latency/Medicated (23%), Average/Fair (16%), Low-Duration (12%). During peak-COVID, depression and loneliness were highest in High Latency/Medicated and Low-Duration subgroups; academic engagement was highest for Optimal sleepers. Following peak-COVID, academic engagement was highest for Average/Fair sleepers. Conclusions: Findings highlight heterogeneity in students' sleep patterns during the initial peak of COVID-19 and their relation to well-being during and post-peak-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Crystal B Li
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Aaron Krasnow
- Health Services and Counseling Services, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Vel Murugan
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - D Mitchell Magee
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Lenze L, Klostermann C, Schmid J, Lamprecht M, Nagel S. The role of leisure-time physical activity in youth for lifelong activity-a latent profile analysis with retrospective life course data. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2023; 54:192-200. [PMID: 38812659 PMCID: PMC11135187 DOI: 10.1007/s12662-023-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Considering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g. neglecting the interacting factors of LTPA within individuals. Therefore, from a person-oriented approach, patterns of LTPA behaviour in youth considering time- and context-related aspects and their relationships with lifelong LTPA were investigated. Life course data from n = 1519 Swiss inhabitants aged between 25 and 76 years were recorded retrospectively using a validated questionnaire (CATI method). Latent profile analyses were used to find the optimal profile solution and for the association with lifelong LTPA auxiliary conditional effect models (controlled for age) were applied. Six distinct patterns emerged. Overall, mostly inactive youth are also the least active in adulthood, whereas several other patterns are associated with a mainly continuous LTPA throughout adulthood. More precisely, multiple constellations in youth occurred to be physically active in at least 80% of the years in adulthood: (1) early starters regarding LTPA in a rather self-organised setting but not with many different LTPAs; (2) late entrants with a variety of different activities and organisational settings; or (3) a high expression in every variable investigated. Consequently, there is not just one type of LTPA behaviour in youth linked to lifelong activity, which indicates that certain aspects of LTPA in youth can be compensated by each other. Implications for LTPA promotion can be derived. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s12662-023-00884-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lenze
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstraße 145, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- University of Teacher Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Klostermann
- University of Teacher Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Julia Schmid
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstraße 145, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lamprecht
- Lamprecht und Stamm Sozialforschung und Beratung, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Siegfried Nagel
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstraße 145, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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If You (Don’t) Snooze, Do You Use? Prospective Links Between Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Substance Use and Depression. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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Hancock AJ, Gellatly IR, Walsh MM, Arnold KA, Connelly CE. Good, Bad, and Ugly Leadership Patterns: Implications for Followers' Work-Related and Context-Free Outcomes. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2023; 49:640-676. [PMID: 36484084 PMCID: PMC9720459 DOI: 10.1177/01492063211050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research responds to calls for a more integrative approach to leadership theory by identifying subpopulations of followers who share a common set of perceptions with respect to their leader's behaviors. Six commonly researched styles were investigated: abusive supervision, transformational leadership (TFL), contingent reward (CR), passive and active management-by-exception (MBE-P and MBE-A, respectively), and laissez faire/avoidant (LF/A). Study hypotheses were tested with data from four independent samples of working adults, three from followers (N = 855) and a validation sample of leaders (N = 505). Using latent profile analysis, three pattern cohorts emerged across all four samples. One subpopulation of followers exhibited a constructive pattern with higher scores on TFL and CR relative to other styles. Two cohorts exhibited destructive patterns, one where the passive styles of MBE-A, MBE-P and LF/A were high relative to the other styles (passive) and one where the passive styles co-occurred with abusive supervision (passive-abusive). Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we confirmed differential associations with work-related (i.e., burnout, vigor, perceived organizational support and affective organizational commitment) and context-free (i.e., physical health and psychological well-being) outcomes. The passive-abusive pattern was devastating for physical health, yet passiveness without abuse was damaging for psychological well-being. Interestingly, we find a clear demarcation between passiveness as "benign neglect" and passiveness as an intentional and deliberate form of leadership aimed at disrupting or undermining followers-hence, the two faces of passiveness: "bad" and "ugly." We discuss the novel insights offered by a pattern (person)-oriented analytical strategy and the broader theoretical and practical implications for leadership research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Hancock
- Dr. Amanda J. Hancock, Grenfell Campus,
Business Program, Memorial University, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador,
A2H 5G4, Canada.
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Maxfield M, Pituch KA. Profiles in Dementia-Related Anxiety: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2182-2191. [PMID: 35678193 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dementia-related anxiety (DRA) is the concern about current or future cognitive decline and potential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD). Existing research suggests that DRA likely develops due to diverse reasons (e.g., family ADRD history, self-perceived risk, and health-related anxiety), and approaches to managing DRA likely differ as well (e.g., future planning). This study aimed to identify profiles in DRA. METHOD In a cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of U.S. adults ranging in age from 18 to 82 (N = 492, Mage = 49.25, standard deviation [SDage] = 15.43) completed online assessments of characteristics associated with DRA. Latent profile analysis was used to uncover distinct DRA profiles and promote understanding of individual characteristics associated with varying levels of DRA; multinomial regression assessed if the profiles are further distinguished by covariates. RESULTS The resulting four-profile model reveals profile differences are largely due to DRA, self-perceived ADRD risk, and preparedness for future care needs; health-related anxiety, age, ADRD exposure, and anticipated ADRD stigma contribute to profile differences as well. Profiles of the youngest and oldest groups reported the lowest and highest levels of preparedness for future care, along with the lowest DRA and self-perceived risk. Several covariates, particularly those assessing general psychological functioning, were also related to profile membership. DISCUSSION The resulting profiles point to several factors associated with elevated anxiety about ADRD, which do not fully match the risk factors for ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Maxfield
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Keenan A Pituch
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Ray TN, Parkhill MR. Profiles of Childhood Victimization as Predictors of Sexual Aggression and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration. Violence Against Women 2022:10778012221145298. [PMID: 36575637 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221145298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study utilized a latent profile analysis to evaluate distinct combinations of men's childhood victimization experiences and their communal predictive ability for sexual aggression (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Men living in the United States (N = 399) completed assessments of emotional, physical, and sexual childhood victimization, as well as SA and IPV toward women. The results indicated that members of profiles characterized by moderate to high frequencies of childhood victimization-especially sexual victimization-were at increased risk of SA and IPV perpetration. Contrary to expectations, adult- versus peer-perpetrated victimization did not appear to substantially alter risk of perpetration.
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Pulido-Martos M, Cortés-Denia D, Luque-Reca O, Lopez-Zafra E. Authentic leadership and personal and job demands/resources: A person-centered approach and links with work-related subjective well-being. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe job demands-resources theory considers an open group of personal and job demands and resources. Thus, it allows us to include personal resources not yet covered (i.e., vigor at work) or less explored (i.e., emotional abilities), as well as personal demands not yet explored (i.e., overcommitment). Additionally, from this theory, it is proposed that leaders may influence employee wellbeing. Therefore, of particular interest is to analyze positive leadership styles, such as authentic leadership (AL). This study addresses three research objectives: 1) to identify profiles of employees from a person-centered approach, combining personal resources (self-perception of emotional abilities, vigor at work and self-efficacy) and personal demands (overcommitment) with job resources and demands; 2) to analyze the relation of the identified profiles with indicators of work-related subjective well-being; and 3) to acknowledge whether the AL style determines the pertaining to a profile probability. A large heterogeneous sample of Spanish employees (N = 968) responded to a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by adopting a person-centered approach using latent profile analysis. The results revealed five patterns of job and individual characteristics: Profile 5 (very low personal resources, and low job resources and demands); Profile 4 (low resources and high demands); Profile 3 (mid-level personal resources, high job resources and low demands); Profile 2 (high personal resources, mid-level job resources and high demands); and Profile 1 (high resources and low demands). Analyses showed that workers differed significantly in well-being depending on their profile membership, with Profile 1 having the highest well-being. Profiles that yielded the worst outcomes were Profile 4 and Profile 5, especially the latter. Finally, the results indicated that AL increased the probability that a profile would show a high well-being level.
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Fenesy MC, Lee SS. Profiles of executive functioning and neuroticism in emerging adulthood: Concurrent associations with psychopathology and health-related quality of life. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36279263 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2132827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to discern configurations of executive functioning (EF) and neuroticism (NE) and tested their concurrent validity with respect to internalizing and externalizing problems and physical health. Participants: A total of 125 college students completed the study. Methods: Participants self-reported NE and EF on separate normed rating scales and completed computerized tests of EF. Self-reported internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and global physical health were collected. Results: LPA revealed four profiles: (1) Lower EF + Higher NE, (2) Higher EF + Lower NE, (3) Inconsistent EF + Higher NE, and (4) Inconsistent EF + Lower NE. Adjusting for covariates, profiles were differentially associated with internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and physical health. Conclusions: Screening EF and NE in college students may identify those at risk for psychopathology and physical health concerns. Tailored prevention and intervention efforts on college campuses targeting EF and NE may enhance well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Fenesy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Transforming Mental Health Initiative, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kochel KP, Bagwell CL, Abrash RW. Empirically Derived Psychological Profiles of College Students: Differential Associations With COVID-19 Impact and Social Adjustment. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1299-1311. [PMID: 38603217 PMCID: PMC9379615 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221119946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using latent profile analysis, we derived psychological profiles of undergraduates during the pandemic and investigated profiles' differential associations with COVID-19 impact and social adjustment. Participants (N = 517) completed measures of depression, loneliness, and anxiety, and two indices of social adjustment: friendship support and social connectedness. We identified Severe, Moderate, and Mild symptom profiles. Higher COVID-19 impact was associated with increased odds of belonging to the Severe versus Moderate and Mild profiles, and the Moderate versus Mild profile. On social adjustment, the Mild profile outscored the Moderate profile, which outscored the Severe profile. Overall, findings imply that individuals who perceive high levels of COVID-19 impact are especially likely to belong to a profile characterized by severe psychological symptoms and that membership in this profile is associated with social maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Kochel
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Ross W. Abrash
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
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Peckham T, Seixas N, de Castro AB, Hajat A. Do Different Patterns of Employment Quality Contribute to Gender Health Inequities in the U.S.? A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11237. [PMID: 36141509 PMCID: PMC9517248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared to recent generations, workers today generally experience poorer quality employment across both contractual (e.g., wages, hours) and relational (e.g., participation in decision-making, power dynamics) dimensions within the worker-employer relationship. Recent research shows that women are more likely to experience poor-quality employment and that these conditions are associated with adverse health effects, suggesting employment relations may contribute to gender inequities in health. We analyzed data from the General Social Survey (2002-2018) to explore whether the multidimensional construct of employment quality (EQ) mediates the relationship between gender and health among a representative, cross-sectional sample of U.S. wage earners. Using a counterfactually-based causal mediation framework, we found that EQ plays a meaningful role in a gender-health relationship, and that if the distribution of EQ among women was equal to that observed in men, the probability of reporting poor self-reported health and frequent mental distress among women would be lower by 1.5% (95% Confidence Interval: 0.5-2.8%) and 2.6% (95% CI: 0.6-4.6%), respectively. Our use of a multidimensional, typological measure of EQ allowed our analysis to better account for substantial heterogeneity in the configuration of contemporary employment arrangements. Additionally, this study is one of the first mediation analyses with a nominal mediator within the epidemiologic literature. Our results highlight EQ as a potential target for intervention to reduce gender inequities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Peckham
- Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Noah Seixas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - A. B. de Castro
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Knight C, Keller AC, Parker SK. Job demands, not resources, predict worsening psychological distress during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. WORK AND STRESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2022.2117879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Knight
- Centre For Transformative Work Design, Future of Work Institute, Curtin University, Curtin, Australia
| | - Anita C. Keller
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sharon K. Parker
- Centre For Transformative Work Design, Future of Work Institute, Curtin University, Curtin, Australia
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Peckham T, Flaherty B, Hajat A, Fujishiro K, Jacoby D, Seixas N. What does non-standard employment look like in the United States? An empirical typology of employment quality. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 163:555-583. [PMID: 37006816 PMCID: PMC10062421 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-022-02907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant interest in the changing nature of employment as a critical social and economic challenge facing society-especially the decline in the so-called Standard Employment Relationship (SER) and rise in more insecure, precarious forms of employment-scholars have struggled to operationalize the multifaceted and heterogeneous nature of contemporary worker-employer relationships within empirical analyses. Here we investigate the character and distribution of employment relationships in the U.S., drawing on a representative sample of wage-earners and self-employed from the General Social Survey (2002 - 2018). We use the multidimensional construct of employment quality (EQ), which includes both contractual (e.g., wages, contract type) and relational (e.g., employee representation and participation) aspects of employment. We further employ a typological measurement approach, using latent class analysis, to explicitly examine how the multiple aspects of employment cluster together in modern labor markets. We present eight distinct employment types in the U.S., including one resembling the historical conception of the SER model (24% of the total workforce), and others representing various constellations of favorable and adverse employment features. These employment types are unevenly distributed across society, in terms of who works these jobs and where they are found in the labor market. Importantly, women, those with lower education, and younger workers are more likely to be in precarious forms of employment. More generally, our typology reveals limitations associated with binary conceptions of standard vs. non-standard employment, or insider-outsider dichotomies envisioned within dual labor market theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Peckham
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Box 354695, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Brian Flaherty
- University of Washington Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- University of Washington Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaori Fujishiro
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dan Jacoby
- University of Washington-Bothell, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Noah Seixas
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
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McLarnon MJ, R. Gellatly I, A. Richards D, Arazy O. Knowledge sharing processes and the role of attachment patterns. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jkm-08-2021-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Past research on the motivational processes underpinning knowledge sharing has assumed that the sharing processes are similar for all individuals. Yet, sharing is a fundamental affiliative behavior, and the sharing processes can differ between people. This study aims to propose and test a model of the moderating influence that employee attachment patterns have on the theory of reasoned action (TRA)-defined knowledge sharing processes.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors administered a questionnaire to 1,103 employees from a range of industries who participated in an online Qualtrics survey. Advanced forms for structural equation modeling and latent profile analysis were used to assess the proposed model.
Findings
The results revealed that participants in the study exhibited the latent profiles corresponding to secure, dismissive, preoccupied and fearful patterns. The preoccupied cohort had the lowest knowledge sharing behavior, yet the strongest links within the sharing process. Secure, dismissive and fearful had similar sharing levels, but the strength of the TRA-defined processes differed. These findings underscore equifinality: although sharing may be approximately equal across different attachment patterns, the fundamental processes underpinning sharing differ.
Research limitations/implications
The authors used self-report data, given that sharing attitudes, norms and intentions may not be overly amenable to ratings even from well-acquainted others. Further, the use of advanced analytical methods helps to minimize common method concerns. Additionally, causal mechanisms underscoring the TRA have been demonstrated (Ajzen and Fishbein, 2005), allowing us to explore the moderating role of attachment patterns.
Practical implications
This study speaks to the importance of considering employees’ attachment patterns, and developing comprehensive intra-organizational norms, policies and systems that support and encourage knowledge sharing from employees with a variety of attachment patterns.
Originality/value
This study uniquely contributes to knowledge sharing literatures by incorporating attachment patterns as moderators within the TRA-defined sharing processes. The authors provide important insights on the role of individuals’ attachment patterns have for knowledge sharing behaviors, but also highlight how structure of knowledge sharing differed across subgroups of employees, determined based on their dispositional attachment pattern.
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Costache O, Edelsbrunner PA, Becker ES, Sticca F, Staub FC, Götz T. [Growth trajectories of intrinsic value beliefs in mathematics and French: Relations with career orientations]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERZIEHUNGSWISSENSCHAFT : ZFE 2022; 25:269-291. [PMID: 35875181 PMCID: PMC9296413 DOI: 10.1007/s11618-022-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated different trajectories in the development of intrinsic value beliefs in the subjects Mathematics and French in Grades 9 to 11 and their correlations with career aspirations. Using data from 850 students from German-Swiss high schools (54% female, age T1: 15.6 years), five distinct growth classes were identified in a bivariate growth model. Two of these classes showed clear differentiation between intrinsic value beliefs regarding the two subjects and stable growth in the preferred subject. The other three classes were characterized by mean differences (high, medium, low intrinsic value beliefs) and moderate decline in both subjects. The five growth classes were associated with different career orientations at the end of the 11th grade, with students exhibiting particularly high career orientations in one subject when intrinsic value regarding the other subject was low. Gender differences in career orientations could be fully explained by gender membership in the five growth classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Costache
- Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft, Universität Zürich, Kantonsschulstrasse 3, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Peter A. Edelsbrunner
- Institut für Verhaltenswissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 59, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Eva S. Becker
- Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft, Universität Zürich, Kantonsschulstrasse 3, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Fabio Sticca
- Assoziiertes Institut der Universität Zürich, Marie Meierhofer Institut für das Kind, Pfingstweidstrasse 16, 8005 Schweiz Zürich
| | - Fritz C. Staub
- Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft, Universität Zürich, Kantonsschulstrasse 3, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Thomas Götz
- Institut für Psychologie der Entwicklung und Bildung, Universität Wien, Universitätsstraße 7, 1010 Wien, Österreich
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21
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Social support profiles associations with adolescents' psychological and academic functioning. J Sch Psychol 2022; 91:160-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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22
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Boel-Studt SM. Treatment Mediators and Outcomes of Latent Classes of Youth in Psychiatric Residential Treatment. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:15-26. [PMID: 35222772 PMCID: PMC8837761 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in discharge outcomes between latent classes of youth in psychiatric residential treatment. The mediating effect of family therapy, behavioral management incidents, and length of stay on class membership and treatment outcomes were examined. The sample included 447 youth assigned to one of four classes. Guided by Thornberry and Krohn's (2005) interactional theory of continuity and change, change in functional impairment was predicted based on the composition of risk versus protective factors that comprised the latent classes. A manual 3-step approach was used to fit a latent class mixture model and estimate conditional effects on impairment at discharge. A mediation model was used to examine indirect effects of treatment factors on outcomes between latent classes. The results showed that classes with lower-level risk factors and more protective factors experienced significantly greater reductions in impairment on average. Treatment outcomes were mediated by behavioral management incidents but not length of stay or the number family therapy sessions. The results demonstrate the usefulness of person-centered approaches for conducting subgroup analyses in residential care outcomes studies; highlighting differences in outcomes between groups and treatment factors that may mediate these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamra M. Boel-Studt
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, 296 Champions Way, University Center-C, Tallahassee, FL USA
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23
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Graven LJ, Abbott L, Boel-Studt S, Grant JS, Buck HG. Classifying Heart Failure Caregivers as Adequately or Inadequately Resourced to Care: A Latent Class Analysis. J Palliat Care 2022; 38:62-70. [PMID: 35171062 DOI: 10.1177/08258597221079244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify classes of heart failure (HF) caregivers based upon indicators of coping resources and stress, and then, to examine the relationships between the identified caregiver classes and depression, caregiver burden, and life changes. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 530 HF caregivers were analyzed in this secondary analysis using a three-step latent class mixture model to classify caregivers based on level of resources and examine the relationship between the identified classes and depression, caregiver burden, and life changes. Using an online survey, caregivers reported on social support, problem-solving, family function, depression, caregiver burden, and life changes. RESULTS Caregivers were 41.39 (± 10.38) years of age, 49.1% women, 78.3% white, 77.6% urban-dwelling, and 61.7% college/postgraduate educated. Three classes of caregivers (42.3% Adequately Resourced, 25.1% At Risk for Decompensation, 32.6% Inadequately Resourced) were identified. Inadequately Resourced caregivers had the lowest levels of social support, problem-solving, and family function and the highest levels of depression and caregiver burden. Caregivers At Risk for Decompensation had the best family function and reported the most positive perceptions of life changes despite low levels of social support and problem-solving. CONCLUSION Social support, problem-solving, and family function are modifiable coping resources which may buffer stress and influence stress indicators. Caregivers with few coping resources may experience higher degrees of depression and burden, and less positive perceptions of life changes. More research is needed to examine the influence of these coping resources on caregiver adaptation to facilitate the development of targeted interventions which support caregiver mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Graven
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Laurie Abbott
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Shamra Boel-Studt
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Joan S Grant
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harleah G Buck
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Jiang L, Bettac EL, Lee HJ, Probst TM. In Whom Do We Trust? A Multifoci Person-Centered Perspective on Institutional Trust during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1815. [PMID: 35162843 PMCID: PMC8835053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Institutional trust plays a crucial role when a nation is facing mega crises (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) and has implications for employee work experiences and well-being. To date, researchers largely consider how institutional trust or trust in government may predict variables of interest in isolation. However, this variable-centered perspective ignores the possibility that there are subpopulations of employees who may differ in their trust in different institutions (i.e., the state government, the federal government). To address this, we examined institutional trust with two foci (i.e., trust in state government and trust in federal government) from a person-centered perspective. Using latent profile analysis and data from 492 U.S.-based employees, we identified five trust profiles: high trustors, federal trustors, state trustors, the ambivalent, and distrusters, and found that these profiles differentially predicted attitudes towards and behavioral compliance with CDC recommended COVID-19 prevention practices, job insecurity, affective commitment, helping behavior, and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Jiang
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Erica L Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - Tahira M Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
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25
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Into the heart of darkness: A person-centered exploration of the Dark Triad. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Verra SE, Poelman MP, Mudd AL, de Vet E, van Rongen S, de Wit J, Kamphuis CB. What’s important to you? Socioeconomic inequalities in the perceived importance of health compared to other life domains. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:86. [PMID: 35027043 PMCID: PMC8759269 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pressing issues, like financial concerns, may outweigh the importance people attach to health. This study tested whether health, compared to other life domains, was considered more important by people in high versus low socioeconomic positions, with future focus and financial strain as potential explanatory factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 among N=1,330 Dutch adults. Participants rated the importance of two health-related domains (not being ill, living a long life) and seven other life domains (e.g., work, family) on a five-point scale. A latent class analysis grouped participants in classes with similar patterns of importance ratings. Differences in class membership according to socioeconomic position (indicated by income and education) were examined using structural equation modelling, with future focus and financial strain as mediators. Results Three classes were identified, which were defined as: neutralists, who found all domains neutral or unimportant (3.5% of the sample); hedonists, who found most domains important except living a long life, work, and religion (36.2%); and maximalists, who found nearly all domains important, including both health domains (60.3%). Of the neutralists, 38% considered not being ill important, and 30% considered living a long life important. For hedonists, this was 92% and 39%, respectively, and for maximalists this was 99% and 87%, respectively. Compared to belonging to the maximalists class, a low income predicted belonging to the neutralists, and a higher educational level and unemployment predicted belonging to the hedonists. No mediation pathways via future focus or financial strain were found. Conclusions Lower income groups were less likely to consider not being ill important. Those without paid employment and those with a higher educational level were less likely to consider living a long life important. Neither future focus nor financial strain explained these inequalities. Future research should investigate socioeconomic differences in conceptualisations of health, and if inequalities in the perceived importance of health are associated with inequalities in health. To support individuals dealing with challenging circumstances in daily life, health-promoting interventions could align to the life domains perceived important to reach their target group and to prevent widening socioeconomic health inequalities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12508-2.
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Stargel LE, Easterbrooks MA. Children's early school attendance and stability as a mechanism through which homelessness is associated with academic achievement. J Sch Psychol 2022; 90:19-32. [PMID: 34969485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Unfortunately, family homelessness is a crisis in the United States. The majority of families experiencing homelessness are headed by single mothers and half of children who experience homelessness are less than five years of age. In the current study, we investigated whether children's school attendance and stability mediated the association between early experiences of homelessness (in infancy and toddlerhood) with children's school performance on standardized assessments of math and English language arts administered in the spring of third grade in a sample of children of young mothers. We used a person-centered analytic technique (i.e., repeated measures latent class analysis) to identify three classes of children's patterns of school attendance and stability from kindergarten through third grade that consisted of (a) High Absenteeism, (b) Decreasing Absenteeism, and (c) Low Absenteeism classes. Early experiences of homelessness were directly and indirectly associated with math, but not English language arts scores, through the three identified classes. The results of the current study have important implications for young children who experience homelessness and suggest promoting school attendance as one avenue to support academic achievement. In addition, supporting families and children early (i.e., before they begin pre-kindergarten) will be key in ensuring that young children who experience homelessness are successful in educational environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Stargel
- Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Tufts Interdisciplinary Evaluation Research (TIER), Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America.
| | - M Ann Easterbrooks
- Tufts Interdisciplinary Evaluation Research (TIER), Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
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A closer look at elementary school students' epistemic beliefs – Latent profiles capturing concepts of knowledge and knowing in science. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Tikkanen L, Pyhältö K, Bujacz A, Nieminen J. Study Engagement and Burnout of the PhD Candidates in Medicine: A Person-Centered Approach. Front Psychol 2021; 12:727746. [PMID: 34887798 PMCID: PMC8650111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on exploring individual variations in doctoral candidates' well-being, in terms of experienced research engagement and burnout by using a person-centered approach. In addition, the associations between well-being profiles and gender, country of origin, study status (full-time or part-time), research group status and drop-out intentions were explored. The participants were 692 PhD candidates in the field of medicine. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify the well-being profiles. Four distinct profiles were identified: high engagement-low burnout, high engagement-moderate burnout, moderate engagement-moderate burnout, and moderate engagement-high burnout. Working in a clinical unit or hospital and working in a research group seemed to be related to increased engagement and reduced risk for suffering burnout, while the intentions to quit one's doctoral studies were more frequently reported in profiles with moderate levels of engagement. The findings imply that although a significant number of PhD candidates in medicine had an increased risk for developing burnout, for most of the PhD candidates research education is an engaging experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Tikkanen
- Centre for University Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, Philosophical Faculty, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Pyhältö
- Centre for University Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aleksandra Bujacz
- Behavioral Informatics Team, Health Informatics Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Nieminen
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Personality profiles based on the FFM: A systematic review with a person-centered approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Caesens G, Morin AJS, Gillet N, Stinglhamber F. Perceived Support Profiles in the Workplace: A Longitudinal Perspective. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011211044581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research examines how employee’s perceptions of three sources of support in the workplace (i.e., organization, supervisor, and colleagues) combine within specific profiles and the nature of the relations between these profiles and indicators of employees’ psychological health (i.e., stress, sleep problems, psychosomatic strains, and depression). Furthermore, this research examines the within-sample and within-person stability of the identified support profiles over the course of an 8-month time interval. Latent profile and latent transition analyses conducted on a sample of 729 workers indicated six identical profiles across the two measurement occasions: 1, moderately supported; 2, weakly supported; 3, isolated; 4, well-supported; 5, supervisor supported; and 6, highly supported. Profile membership was very stable over time for most profiles, with the exception of the isolated profile which was only moderately stable. Furthermore, the isolated and supervisor-supported profiles presented the lowest levels of psychological health, while the well-supported and moderately supported profiles presented the highest levels of psychological health. Of particular interest, results suggested that some risks might be associated with the highly supported profile, although this result could be a simple reflection of the women-dominant composition of this profile. This research has implications for theory and practice, which will be discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre J. S. Morin
- Substantive Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- QualiPsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Collie RJ, Martin AJ, Morin AJS, Malmberg LE, Sammons P. A Multilevel Person-Centered Examination of Teachers' Workplace Experiences: Replication and Extension With Links to Instructional Support and Achievement. Front Psychol 2021; 12:711173. [PMID: 34421763 PMCID: PMC8377360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In a replication and extension of an earlier study, we relied on person-centered analyses to identify teacher (Level 1) and school (Level 2) profiles based on teachers' experiences of job demands (barriers to professional development, disruptive student behavior), job resources (teacher collaboration, input in decision-making), and personal resources (self-efficacy). We examined data from 5,439 teachers working in 364 schools in Australia and 2,216 teachers working in 149 schools in England. Latent profile analysis revealed six teacher profiles: Low-Demand-Flourisher (11%), Mixed-Demand-Flourisher (17%), Job-Resourced-Average (11%), Balanced-Average (14%), Mixed-Resourced-Struggler (11%), and Low-Resourced-Struggler (36%). Two school profiles were identified: an Unsupportive school profile (43%) and a Supportive school profile (57%). Several significant relations between these profiles and teacher/school characteristics and work-related outcomes were also identified at both levels. Although our results generally replicated prior findings, some differences were also observed, possibly as a results of recent changes in policies regarding in teacher support and accountability. Next, we extended prior work using a subsample of the Australian teachers for whom we had matching student data. This second set of results revealed that schools with a greater proportion of low-SES students were more likely to present an Unsupportive school profile. Moreover, the Supportive school profile was associated with higher levels of student-reported instructional support and school-average achievement in reading, mathematics, and science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Collie
- School of Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Martin
- School of Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandre J. S. Morin
- Substantive Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pamela Sammons
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Seong H, Chang E. Profiles of perfectionism, achievement emotions, and academic burnout in South Korean adolescents: Testing the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Perera HN, Yerdelen S, McIlveen P, Part R. A multidimensional, person-centred perspective on teacher engagement: Evidence from Canadian and Australian teachers. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 91:882-910. [PMID: 34244995 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hitherto, little work has examined the proposition that teachers may simultaneously invest varying degrees of their energetic resources in the teaching and learning environment. AIMS Drawing on a multidimensional, person-centred perspective, the study aimed to identify profiles of teacher engagement, reflecting distinct configurations of teachers' energetic investments, and their generalizability across Canadian and Australian teachers. Additionally, we examined teachers' self-efficacy beliefs as predictors of engagement profile membership and the cross-country generalizability of these relations. We also examined emotional exhaustion (EE) and job satisfaction (JS) as outcomes of profile membership in Canadian and Australian teachers, respectively. SAMPLES The samples comprised 586 Canadian and 595 Australian teachers. METHODS Data on teachers' multidimensional engagement and teacher self-efficacy were collected in both the Canadian and Australian samples. Additionally, data on Canadian teachers' burnout and Australian teachers' job satisfaction were collected. RESULTS Latent profile analyses revealed three engagement profiles, representing distinct configurations of teachers' multidimensional energetic investments, which were found to mostly generalize. Additionally, self-efficacy beliefs were found to predict the likelihood of engagement profile membership equally in Canadian and Australian teachers, and EE in Canadian teachers and JS in Australian teachers were found to differ significantly across the profiles. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study constitute among the first evidence that teachers may be differentially engaged in the teaching environment with respect to their distinct energetic investments, and such differential profiles of engagement have differential implications for well-being-related outcomes and can be predicted by their teaching capability beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha N Perera
- Department of Educational Psychology and Higher Education, College of Education, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Sündüs Yerdelen
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Kafkas University, Turkey
| | - Peter McIlveen
- School of Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Part
- Department of Educational Psychology and Higher Education, College of Education, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Martin AJ, Ginns P, Burns EC, Kennett R, Munro-Smith V, Collie RJ, Pearson J. Assessing Instructional Cognitive Load in the Context of Students' Psychological Challenge and Threat Orientations: A Multi-Level Latent Profile Analysis of Students and Classrooms. Front Psychol 2021; 12:656994. [PMID: 34276480 PMCID: PMC8281884 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand instructional cognitive load, it is important to operationalize and assess it in novel ways that can reveal how different students perceive and experience this load as either challenging or threatening. The present study administered a recently developed instruction assessment tool-the Load Reduction Instruction Scale-Short (LRIS-S)-to N = 2,071 students in 188 high school science classrooms. Multilevel latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify student and classroom profiles based on students' reports of instructional cognitive load (load reduction instruction, LRI; using the LRIS-S) and their accompanying psychological challenge orientations (self-efficacy and growth goals), and psychological threat orientations (anxiety and failure avoidance goals). In phase 1 of analyses (investigating students; Level 1), we identified 5 instructional-psychological student profiles that represented different presentations of instructional load, challenge orientation, and threat orientation, ranging from the most maladaptive profile (the Instructionally-Overburdened & Psychologically-Resigned profile) to the most adaptive profile (Instructionally-Optimized & Psychologically-Self-Assured profile). The derived profiles revealed that similar levels of perceived instructional load can be accompanied by different levels of perceived challenge and threat. For example, we identified two profiles that were both instructionally-supported but who varied in their accompanying psychological orientations. Findings also identified profiles where students were dually motivated by both challenge and threat. In turn, these profiles (and their component scores) were validated through their significant associations with persistence, disengagement, and achievement. In phase 2 of analyses (investigating students and classrooms; Levels 1 and 2), we identified 3 instructional-psychological classroom profiles that varied in instructional cognitive load, challenge orientations, and threat orientations: Striving classrooms, Thriving classrooms, and Struggling classrooms. These three classroom profiles (and their component scores) were also validated through their significant associations with classroom-average persistence, disengagement, and achievement-with Struggling classrooms reflecting the most maladaptive outcomes and Thriving classrooms reflecting the most adaptive outcomes. Taken together, findings show that considering instructional cognitive load (and new approaches to empirically assessing it) in the context of students' accompanying psychological orientations can reveal unique insights about students' learning experiences and about important differences between classrooms in terms of the instructional load that is present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Ginns
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Roger Kennett
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Joel Pearson
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Wantchekon KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ. Relating Profiles of Ethnic-Racial Identity Process and Content to the Academic and Psychological Adjustment of Black and Latinx Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:1333-1352. [PMID: 34085185 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic-racial identity (i.e., individuals' beliefs about their ethnic-racial group membership and the processes through which they develop those beliefs) is a developmental competency that can promote adolescents' adjustment; however, the extant literature has largely focused on how distinct dimensions of ethnic-racial identity are associated with adjustment (i.e., variable-centered approaches), potentially obscuring a more holistic understanding of this developmental competency. The current study utilized latent profile analysis, a person-centered approach, to examine profiles of ethnic-racial identity among Black (n = 325; Mage = 15.94, SD = 1.14) and Latinx (n = 370; Mage = 16.13, SD = 1.10) adolescents as well as links between profile membership and adjustment. Three ethnic-racial identity profiles emerged: Diffuse & Low Regard (n = 55; lower development, lower self-concept); Diffuse & High Regard (n = 160; lower development, higher self-concept); and Developed & Idealized (n = 477; higher development, higher self-concept). The profile highest in ethnic-racial identity across all indicators reported the highest levels of adjustment. The findings highlight the synergistic benefits of ethnic-racial identity development and positive self-concept for adolescents' psychosocial and academic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristia A Wantchekon
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 13 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Adriana J Umaña-Taylor
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 13 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Dobson KS, McLarnon MJW, Pandya K, Pusch D. A latent profile analysis of adverse childhood experiences and adult health in a community sample. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 114:104927. [PMID: 33517141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity is generally associated with adult mental health problems, but most studies have an insufficient sample size to examine relationships among various aspects of childhood adversity and adult mental health outcomes. Further, past research has predominantly been restricted to a single or limited types of adverse events, which ignores the inherent interdependence among childhood adversity indicators. OBJECTIVE The current study explored various configurations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and then examined the relationships among these configurations and various mental health constructs with a person-centered analytic framework. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of 3, 932 adult outpatients was recruited in primary care settings, during regular physician visits. METHODS Participants provided informed consent, demographic information, and then completed validated measure of ACEs (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, family dysfunction), and a series of validated mental health measures. RESULTS Latent profile analyses revealed four configurations (or profiles) of ACEs, which were analysed for their relationships with mental health outcomes. The profile with a dominance of physical neglect was associated with the highest levels of anxiety and depression. The profiles with high levels of sexual abuse, either alone or combined with general adversity, had more emotional problems than the profile with low levels of adversity. The profiles characterizing mistreatment did not consistently differ from each other on the mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS It is critical to consider ACEs in their complex relationship with each other. Different patterns of ACEs are associated with differential health outcomes in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith S Dobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Matthew J W McLarnon
- Department of General Management and Human Resources, Bissett School of Business, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6, Canada.
| | - Khanjan Pandya
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dennis Pusch
- Private Practice, Southport Psychological Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Sideridis GD, Tsaousis I, Al-Harbi K. Identifying Student Subgroups as a Function of School Level Attributes: A Multilevel Latent Class Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:624221. [PMID: 33716891 PMCID: PMC7952435 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to profile high school students’ achievement as a function of their demographic characteristics, parent attributes (e.g., education), and school behaviors (e.g., number of absences). Students were nested within schools in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom. Out of a large sample of 500k, participants involved 3 random samples of 2,000 students measured during the years 2016, 2017, and 2018. Randomization was conducted at the student level to ensure that all school units will be represented and at their respective frequency. Students were nested within 50 high schools. We adopted the multilevel latent profile analysis protocol put forth by Schmiege et al. (2018) and Mäkikangas et al. (2018) that account for nested data and tested latent class structure invariance over time. Results pointed to the presence of a 4-profile solution based on BIC, the Bayes factor, and several information criteria put forth by Masyn (2013). Latent profile separation was mostly guided by parents’ education and the number of student absences (being positive and negative predictors of high achievement classes, respectively). Two models tested whether the proportions of level 1 profiles to level 2 units are variable and whether level 2 profiles vary as a function of level 1 profiles. Results pointed to the presence of significant variability due to schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Sideridis
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Khaleel Al-Harbi
- Educational Testing and Evaluation Committee, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chawla N, Gabriel AS, Rosen CC, Evans JB, Koopman J, Hochwarter WA, Palmer JC, Jordan SL. A person‐centered view of impression management, inauthenticity, and employee behavior. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/peps.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Chawla
- Department of Management, Mays Business School Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Allison S. Gabriel
- Department of Management & Organizations, Eller College of Management University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Christopher C. Rosen
- Department of Management, Sam M. Walton College of Business University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Jonathan B. Evans
- Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Division, Sauder School of Business University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Joel Koopman
- Department of Management, Mays Business School Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Wayne A. Hochwarter
- Department of Management, College of Business Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Joshua C. Palmer
- Michael A. Leven School of Management, Entrepreneurship and Hospitality Kennesaw State University Kennesaw Georgia USA
| | - Samantha L. Jordan
- Department of Management, College of Business Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
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O'Connor KE, Coleman JN, Farrell AD, Sullivan TN. Patterns of Parental Messages Supporting Fighting and Nonviolence Among Urban Middle School Students. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:913-927. [PMID: 32726487 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of adolescents with distinct perceptions of parental messages supporting fighting and nonviolence. Latent class analysis identified four subgroups among 2,619 urban middle school students (90% African American; 52% female): messages supporting fighting (32%), messages supporting nonviolence (29%), mixed messages (23%), and no messages (16%). We found significant differences across subgroups in their frequency of physical aggression and peer victimization and beliefs about the use of aggressive and nonviolent responses to peer provocation. Beliefs significantly mediated the relation between parental messages subgroups and both aggression and victimization. Findings illustrate the heterogeneity in the messages urban adolescents perceive from their parents, as well as relations with adolescents' beliefs and behavior.
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Boel-Studt S, Schelbe L. Elementary School-Aged Children in Therapeutic Residential Care: Examining Latent Classes, Service Provision, and Outcomes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104661. [PMID: 32822962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one-third of children in residential care are elementary-school aged. Yet, little is known about the subset of younger children in residential care and the nature of these placements. OBJECTIVE This study identified latent classes of younger children in residential care and compared the purposes for placement, treatment processes, and outcomes across classes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 216 children (ages 5-10) placed in therapeutic residential care. METHODS A three-step latent class model was used to estimate conditional effects of class membership on impairment at discharge, length of stay, and discharge placement. A content analysis of a randomly selected sample of case records from each class was used to explore placement processes. RESULTS There were three classes identified (class 1: child welfare/multi-problem families; class 2: mental-health/angry-oppositional; class 3: strong families/attachment). All classes experienced large improvements in functioning. Children in class 3 were in care longer (CI95% 1.72, 15.48) and experienced greater reductions in impairment (CI95% -11.17, -32.06) than class 2. Classes did not differ in rates of discharge to family-based care, however, more children in classes 1 (20.9%) and 3 (21.6%) discharged to group-based placements than class 2 (11.1%). The content analysis revealed similarities in reasons for placement and treatment processes across classes with some distinctions. Service goals were similar across classes and focused on emotional management, social skills, and developing trust. CONCLUSION The results supported individualized approaches to facilitate discharge to stable, family-based care and reduced risks for re-entry and prolonged out-of-home care for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamra Boel-Studt
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, 296 Champions Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, United States.
| | - Lisa Schelbe
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, 296 Champions Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, United States.
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Liu H, Yao M, Li J. Chinese adolescents' achievement goal profiles and their relation to academic burnout, learning engagement, and test anxiety. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A longitudinal examination of nurses’ need satisfaction profiles: A latent transition analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hofmans J, Wille B, Schreurs B. Person-centered methods in vocational research. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arnold M, Rigotti T. Is it Getting Better or Worse? Health‐Oriented Leadership and Psychological Capital as Resources for Sustained Health in Newcomers. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Germany
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Ferguson SL, G. Moore EW, Hull DM. Finding latent groups in observed data: A primer on latent profile analysis in Mplus for applied researchers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025419881721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present guide provides a practical guide to conducting latent profile analysis (LPA) in the Mplus software system. This guide is intended for researchers familiar with some latent variable modeling but not LPA specifically. A general procedure for conducting LPA is provided in six steps: (a) data inspection, (b) iterative evaluation of models, (c) model fit and interpretability, (d) investigation of patterns of profiles in a retained model, (e) covariate analysis, and (f) presentation of results. A worked example is provided with syntax and results to exemplify the steps.
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Gillet N, Morin AJ, Huyghebaert‐Zouagh T, Alibran E, Barrault S, Vanhove‐Meriaux C. Students’ Need Satisfaction Profiles: Similarity and Change over the Course of a University Semester. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Woodley HJR, McLarnon MJW, O’Neill TA. The Emergence of Group Potency and Its Implications for Team Effectiveness. Front Psychol 2019; 10:992. [PMID: 31130902 PMCID: PMC6509745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the previous research on the emergence of team-level constructs has overlooked their inherently dynamic nature by relying on static, cross-sectional approaches. Although theoretical arguments regarding emergent states have underscored the importance of considering time, minimal work has examined the dynamics of emergent states. In the present research, we address this limitation by investigating the dynamic nature of group potency, a crucial emergent state, over time. Theory around the "better-than-average" effect (i.e., an individual's tendency to think he/she is better than the average person) suggests that individuals may have elevated expectations of their group's early potency, but may decrease over time as team members interact gain a more realistic perspective of their group's potential. In addition, as members gain experience with each other, they will develop a shared understanding of their team's attributes. The current study used latent growth and consensus emergence modeling to examine how potency changes over time, and its relation with team effectiveness. Further, in accordance with the input-process-output framework, we investigated how group potency mediated the relations between team-level compositions of conscientiousness and extraversion and team effectiveness. We collected data at three time points throughout an engineering design course from 337 first-year engineering students that comprised 77 project teams. Results indicated that group potency decreased over time in a linear trend, and that group consensus increased over time. We also found that teams' initial potency was a significant predictor of team effectiveness, but that change in potency was not related to team effectiveness. Finally, we found that the indirect effect linking conscientiousness to effectiveness, through initial potency, was supported. Overall, the current study offers a unique understanding of the emergence of group potency, and facilitate a number theoretical and practical implications, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden J. R. Woodley
- Faculty of Business, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Thomas A. O’Neill
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Litalien D, Gillet N, Gagné M, Ratelle CF, Morin AJ. Self-determined motivation profiles among undergraduate students: A robust test of profile similarity as a function of gender and age. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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