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Singh T, Sharma D, Sharma R, Tuli HS, Haque S, Ramniwas S, Mathkor DM, Yadav V. The Role of Phytonutrient Kaempferol in the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1711. [PMID: 38730663 PMCID: PMC11083332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, kaempferol, a natural flavonoid present in various fruits and vegetables, has received significant attention in gastrointestinal cancer research due to its varied therapeutic effects. Kaempferol has been proven to alter several molecular mechanisms and pathways, such as the PI3/Akt, mTOR, and Erk/MAPK pathway involved in cancer progression, showing its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and migration. Kaempferol is processed in the liver and small intestine, but limited bioavailability has been a major concern in the clinical implications of kaempferol. Nano formulations have been proven to enhance kaempferol's efficacy in cancer prevention. The synergy of nanotechnology and kaempferol has shown promising results in in vitro studies, highlighting the importance for more in vivo research and clinical trials to determine safety and efficacy. This review aims to focus on the role of kaempferol in various types of gastrointestinal cancer and how the combination of kaempferol with nanotechnology helps in improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejveer Singh
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India; (D.S.); (R.S.)
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences-Defence Research and Development Organization, (INMAS-DRDO) New Delhi, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India; (D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India; (D.S.); (R.S.)
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (D.M.M.)
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 11022801, Lebanon
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research & Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India;
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-20213 Malmö, Sweden
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Kumari N, Kumari R, Dua A, Singh M, Kumar R, Singh P, Duyar-Ayerdi S, Pradeep S, Ojesina AI, Kumar R. From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300688. [PMID: 38342595 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota regulates estrogen metabolism through the "estrobolome," the collection of bacterial genes that encode enzymes like β-glucuronidases and β-glucosidases. These enzymes deconjugate and reactivate estrogen, influencing circulating levels. The estrobolome mediates the enterohepatic circulation and bioavailability of estrogen. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and estrobolome function have been associated with estrogen-related diseases like breast cancer, enometrial cancer, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This is likely due to dysregulated estrogen signaling partly contributed by the microbial impacts on estrogen metabolism. Dietary phytoestrogens also undergo bacterial metabolism into active metabolites like equol, which binds estrogen receptors and exhibits higher estrogenic potency than its precursor daidzein. However, the ability to produce equol varies across populations, depending on the presence of specific gut microbes. Characterizing the estrobolome and equol-producing genes across populations can provide microbiome-based biomarkers. Further research is needed to investigate specific components of the estrobolome, phytoestrogen-microbiota interactions, and mechanisms linking dysbiosis to estrogen-related pathology. However, current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is an integral regulator of estrogen status with clinical relevance to women's health and hormonal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Kumari
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Zoology, College of Commerce, Arts & Science, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, 800020, India
| | - Ankita Dua
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110027, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Roushan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Susan Duyar-Ayerdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Sharma V, Arora A, Bansal S, Semwal A, Sharma M, Aggarwal A. Role of bio-flavonols and their derivatives in improving mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3920. [PMID: 38269510 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, a cellular metabolic center, efficiently fulfill cellular energy needs and regulate crucial metabolic processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Alteration in the mitochondrial functions leads to metabolic imbalances and altered extracellular matrix dynamics in the host, utilized by solid tumors like pancreatic cancer (PC) to get energy benefits for fast-growing cancer cells. PC is highly heterogeneous and remains unidentified for a longer time because of its complex pathophysiology, retroperitoneal position, and lack of efficient diagnostic approaches, which is the foremost reason for accounting for the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. PC cells often respond poorly to current therapeutics because of dense stromal barriers in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, which limit the drug delivery and distribution of antitumor immune cell populations. As an alternative approach, various natural compounds like flavonoids are reported to possess potent antioxidant and anticancerous properties and are less toxic than current chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of flavonols in PC in this review from the perspective of mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with cancer cells. Our literature survey indicates that flavonols efficiently regulate cellular metabolism by scavenging reactive oxygen species, mitigating inflammation, and arresting the cell cycle to promote apoptosis in tumor cells via intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. In particular, flavonols proficiently inhibit the cancer-associated proliferation and inflammatory pathways such as EGFR/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor κB in PC. Overall, this review provides in-depth evidence about the therapeutic potential of flavonols for future anticancer strategies against PC; still, more multidisciplinary human interventional studies are required to dissect their pharmacological effect accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Arora
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Semwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Lello S, Paris I, Cagnacci A, Sartori D, Caruso S, Iop A. Vasomotor symptoms and management of women undergoing treatment for breast cancer: literature review with focus on the therapeutic potential of cytoplasmic pollen extract. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2162035. [PMID: 36591791 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2162035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective management of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer (BC) represents a critical but frequent unmet need. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of VMS in patients with BC and provides a synopsis of the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches in relieving VMS with a focus on purified cytoplasm of pollen (PCP). METHODS The literature on VMS epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical burden, and CAM treatment in healthy women and patients with BC was reviewed. RESULTS VMS are common in patients with BC undergoing hormonal treatment and negatively impact quality of life, leading to treatment discontinuation in up to 25% of patients with detrimental impact on risk of BC recurrence and overall survival. CAM approaches to treat VMS in patients with BC include vitamin E, phytoestrogens, and black cohosh, even if there is a lack of solid evidence to guide clinicians in the choice of treatment. PCP, obtained according to standards of good manufacturing practice, has a definite pharmacological mechanism of action, is devoid of estrogen activity, and has shown clinical efficacy on menopause-associated symptoms with a favorable safety profile and high compliance. As such, it appears to represent a valid management option to improve quality of life in patients with pre- and postmenopausal BC. CONCLUSIONS Physicians should actively investigate the presence and impact of VMS in patients receiving therapy for BC. Additional and appropriately sized randomized clinical trials are needed to provide clear evidence on how to best meet the needs of patients with BC suffering from menopause-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lello
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Policlinico A. Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Paris
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Policlinico A. Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Cagnacci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Caruso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo Iop
- University Local Health Authority Giuliano Isontina ASUGI, Trieste,Italy
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Protective Effects of Coumestrol on Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Action in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040954. [PMID: 36839308 PMCID: PMC9966481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen compound found in various plants, has been shown to act as a potent estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, with a higher binding affinity for ERβ than for ERα. However, there is currently limited information regarding its beneficial effects in postmenopausal disorders and its ER-mediated mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the effects of coumestrol (subcutaneous or oral treatment) on metabolic dysfunction in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat diet, in comparison with the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement. Coumestrol was administered daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 10 weeks. Coumestrol treatment through the subcutaneous route stimulated uterine growth in OVX mice at a level lower than that of E2. E2 and coumestrol prevented body fat accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatic steatosis, and enhanced voluntary physical activity. Coumestrol showed estrogen-mimetic effects in the regulation of the protein expressions involved in browning of white fat and insulin signaling, including increased hepatic expression of fibroblast growth factor 21. Importantly, the metabolic effects of coumestrol (oral administration at 10 mg/kg for 7 weeks) were mostly abolished following co-treatment with an ERβ-selective antagonist but not with an ERα-selective antagonist, indicating that the metabolic actions of coumestrol in OVX mice are primarily mediated by ERβ. These findings provide important insights into the beneficial effects of coumestrol as a phytoestrogen supplement for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal symptoms.
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Malik P, Singh R, Kumar M, Malik A, Mukherjee TK. Understanding the Phytoestrogen Genistein Actions on Breast Cancer: Insights on Estrogen Receptor Equivalence, Pleiotropic Essence and Emerging Paradigms in Bioavailability Modulation. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:1395-1413. [PMID: 36597609 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230103163023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prevalent as a major phenolic ingredient of soy and soy products, genistein is recognized as an eminent phytoestrogen owing to its interacting ability with estrogen receptors (ERs). The metabolic conversion of plant-derived genistin to genistein by gut microbes and intestinal enzymes enhances its absorption at intestinal pH of ~7.5-7.8. Genistein interferes in breast cancer (BC) development via pleiotropic actions on cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Though multiple investigations have demonstrated genistein intake-driven reduced BC risk, similar efficacy has not been replicated in clinical trials. Furthermore, multiple studies have structurally and functionally equated genistein extents with 17-β-estradiol (E2), the most available physiological estrogen in females, culminating in aggravated BC growth. Of note, both genistein and E2 function via interacting with ERs (ERα and ERβ). However, although E2 shows almost equal affinity towards both ERα and ERβ, genistein shows more affinity towards ERβ than ERα. Our cautious literature survey revealed typical intake mode, ER expression pattern and the ratio of ERα and ERβ, transactivators/ regulators of ERα and ERβ expression and activities, patient age, and menopausal status as decisive factors affecting genistein BC activities. Of further interest are the mechanisms by which genistein inhibits triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which lack ERs, progesterone receptors (PRs), and human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2). Herein, we attempt to understand the dosage-specific genistein actions in BC cells and patients with an insight into its better response via derivative development, nanocarrier-assisted, and combinatorial delivery with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Anuj Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Sim KS, Park S, Seo H, Lee SH, Lee HS, Park Y, Kim JH. Comparative study of estrogenic activities of phytoestrogens using OECD in vitro and in vivo testing methods. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115815. [PMID: 34848279 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With growing scientific interest in phytoestrogens, a number of studies have investigated the estrogenic potential of phytoestrogens in a wide variety of assay systems. However, evaluations of individual phytoestrogens with different assay systems make it difficult for predicting their relative estrogenic potency. The objective of this study was to compare estrogenic properties of fifteen known phytoestrogens using an estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) dimerization assay and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) standardized methods including in vitro estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation assay using VM7Luc4E2 cells and in vivo uterotrophic assay using an immature rat model. Human ER-α dimerization assay showed positive responses of eight test compounds and negative responses of seven compounds. These results were consistently found in luciferase reporter assay results for evaluating ER transactivation ability. Seven test compounds exhibiting relatively higher in vitro estrogenic activities were subjected to uterotrophic bioassays. Significant increases in uterine weights were only found after treatments with biochanin A, 8-prenylnaringenin, and coumestrol. Importantly, their uterotrophic effects were lost when animals were co-treated with antagonist of ER, indicating their ER-dependent effects in the uterus. In addition, analysis of estrogen responsive genes revealed that these phytoestrogens regulated uterine gene expressions differently compared to estrogens. Test methods used in this study provided a high consistency between in vitro and in vivo results. Thus, they could be used as effective screening tools for phytoestrogens, particularly focusing on their interactions with ER-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Sim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
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Lipovka Y, Alday E, Hernandez J, Velazquez C. Molecular Mechanisms of Biologically Active Compounds from Propolis in Breast Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Lipovka
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Efrain Alday
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Javier Hernandez
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Carlos Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
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Lee HS, Lee TH, Lee DH, Yun BS, Lee KW, Kim JS, Goo YT, Kim JH. Evaluation of Estrogen Receptor Agonistic Activity of Medicinal Herbs Using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Transactivation Assay with Rat Liver S9 Fraction. J Med Food 2021; 24:1285-1292. [PMID: 34939859 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies employing different in vitro assays have demonstrated the estrogen-like activity of natural substances. All assays have their advantages and limitations as a screening tool. No single in vitro assay is considered ideal for predicting estrogenic action in a complex in vivo system. To assess agonistic activities of several medicinal herbs on the estrogen receptor (ER) and their metabolic alteration, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Performance-Based Test Guideline No. 455 in vitro assay was performed in this study using recombinant VM7Luc4E2 cells in combination with rat liver S9 fractions. Ethanol extracts of medicinal herbs showed binding affinities for ER-α and ER-β at different levels. However, luciferase reporter assay using VM7Luc4E2 cells revealed that only two test extracts [Pueraria lobata root extract (PLE); Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract (GGE)] exhibited ER transcriptional activity when their activities were compared with the response by 17β-estradiol. Importantly, incubation of PLE or GGE with rat liver S9 fractions increased their ER transcriptional activities, in particular when phase I metabolic enzymes were activated. Puerarin and glabridin were the most abundant isoflavones found in PLE and GGE, respectively. The present results demonstrate that PLE and GGE possess potential as ER agonists with their metabolic activation. This study also suggests that the application of OECD in vitro assay with rat liver S9 fraction is an efficient screening tool to evaluate estrogenic activities of natural substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation; Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Beom Sik Yun
- R&D Research Innovation Team, Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- R&D Research Innovation Team, Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- R&D Research Innovation Team, Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Goo
- R&D Research Innovation Team, Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Andong National University, Andong, Korea
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Sakamoto S, Uchiyama H, Yusakul G, Kyokong N, Pongkitwitoon B, Putalun W, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Open sandwich fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of soy isoflavone glycosides. Food Chem 2021; 361:129829. [PMID: 34087571 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To detect major soy isoflavone glycosides, namely daidzin (DZ) and genistin (GEN), novel open sandwich fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (os-FLISA) was developed by taking advantage of enhanced interactions between variable regions of heavy (VH) and light chain (VL) domains in the presence of an antigen. The VH and VL genes were expressed in Escherichia coli as a chimera protein with green fluorescence protein (AcGFP1) and maltose-binding protein (MBP), respectively. Comprehensive characterization of os-FLISA displayed nearly the same specificity as parental DZ- and GEN-specific monoclonal antibody, demonstrating the potential of the developed assay for detection of both DZ and GEN. Their detectable range in this system exhibited at 0.1-12.5 μg mL-1. Subsequent validation analysis revealed that os-FLISA was reliable and accurate system for detection of total soy isoflavone glycosides. Notably, this is the first FLISA based on an open sandwich system, which can be employed for the detection of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Napat Kyokong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Sanyo-Onoda City, 756-0884 Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Langa S, Landete JM. Strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive phytoestrogens in plasma. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2203-2215. [PMID: 34470513 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits to health attributed to the intake of phytoestrogens (PEs) have been demonstrated in previous studies with significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs, such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and urolithins in plasma. However, the achievement of high bioactive PE levels in plasma is restricted to a select population group, mainly due to the low intake of plant PEs and/or the absence, or inhibition, of the microbiota capable of producing these bioactive forms. In this study, the intake of plant PEs, the concentration of bioactive PEs in plasma, the ability of the intestinal microbiota to produce bioactive PEs, as well as the different mechanisms used by GRAS bacteria to increase the level of bioactive PEs were evaluated concluding that the use of GRAS bacteria bioactive PE producers and the development of fermented foods enriched in bioactive PEs in addition to a high intake of plant PEs and taking care of the intestinal microbiota, are some of the different strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs in the intestine and, subsequently, in plasma and targets organs which are essential to improve menopausal symptoms or reduce the risk of some pathologies such as breast and colon cancer, or cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Langa
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Natural Compounds Attenuate Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158310. [PMID: 34361076 PMCID: PMC8348757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The weight of skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of the whole weight in a healthy individual, and the normal metabolism and motor function of the muscle are indispensable for healthy life. In addition, the skeletal muscle of the maxillofacial region plays an important role not only in eating and swallowing, but also in communication, such as facial expressions and conversations. In recent years, skeletal muscle atrophy has received worldwide attention as a serious health problem. However, the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy that has been clarified at present is insufficient, and a therapeutic method against skeletal muscle atrophy has not been established. This review provides views on the importance of skeletal muscle in the maxillofacial region and explains the differences between skeletal muscles in the maxillofacial region and other regions. We summarize the findings to change in gene expression in muscle remodeling and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy model. Finally, we discuss the newly discovered beneficial effects of natural compounds on skeletal muscle atrophy.
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14
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Modulation of the Gut Microbiota Structure with Probiotics and Isoflavone Alleviates Metabolic Disorder in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061793. [PMID: 34070274 PMCID: PMC8225012 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The decrease in ovarian hormone secretion that occurs during menopause results in an increase in body weight and adipose tissue mass. Probiotics and soy isoflavones (SIFs) could affect the gut microbiota and exert anti-obesity effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics and a diet containing SIF (SIF diet) on ovariectomized mice with menopausal obesity, including the gut microbiome. The results demonstrate that Bifidobacterium longum 15M1 can reverse menopausal obesity, whilst the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum 30M5 and a SIF diet was more effective in alleviating menopausal lipid metabolism disorder than either components alone. Probiotics and SIFs play different anti-obesity roles in menopausal mice. Furthermore, 30M5 alters the metabolites of the gut microbiota that increase the circulating estrogen level, upregulates the expression of estrogen receptor α in abdominal adipose tissue and improves the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). A SIF diet can significantly alter the structure of the fecal bacterial community and enrich the pathways related to SCFAs production. Moreover, 30M5 and a SIF diet acted synergistically to effectively resolve abnormal serum lipid levels in ovariectomized mice, and these effects appear to be associated with regulation of the diversity and structure of the intestinal microbiota to enhance SCFAs production and promote estrogen circulation.
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15
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Hall JM, Korach KS. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and sex steroid receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:191-235. [PMID: 34452687 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex-steroid receptors (SSRs) are essential mediators of estrogen, progestin, and androgen signaling that are critical in vast aspects of human development and multi-organ homeostasis. Dysregulation of SSR function has been implicated in numerous pathologies including cancers, obesity, Type II diabetes mellitus, neuroendocrine disorders, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, male and female infertility, and other reproductive disorders. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) modulate SSR function in a wide variety of cell and tissues. There exists strong experimental, clinical, and epidemiological evidence that engagement of EDCs with SSRs may disrupt endogenous hormone signaling leading to physiological abnormalities that may manifest in disease. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which EDCs interact with estrogen, progestin, and androgen receptors and alter SSR functions in target cells. In addition, the pathological consequences of disruption of SSR action in reproductive and other organs by EDCs is described with an emphasis on underlying mechanisms of receptors dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M Hall
- Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT, United States.
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
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16
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Zhang N, Xu H, Wang Y, Yao Y, Liu G, Lei X, Sun H, Wu X, Li J. Protective mechanism of kaempferol against Aβ 25-35-mediated apoptosis of pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells through the ER/ERK/MAPK signalling pathway. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:406-416. [PMID: 33747277 PMCID: PMC7959041 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.98199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a pathological trait of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β increases free radical production in neuronal cells, leading to neuronal cell death. Hormone replacement therapy can reduce the incidence of AD, and oestrogen significantly improves the clinical signs in patients with AD. However, the long-term use of oestrogen causes a variety of diseases. Phytoestrogens have been reported to bind and activate oestrogen receptors in mammals and humans to produce oestrogen-like or anti-oestrogen-like effects. Kaempferol is a flavonoid phytoestrogen that can produce a certain protective effect in neurons. However, the molecular mechanism of kaempferol in AD is unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study used pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells that were damaged by Aβ25-35 as an in vitro model of AD, and oestradiol was a positive control. The cells were incubated with kaempferol alone or in combination with fulvestrant (an antagonist of ER) and U0126 (an inhibitor of ERK) in Aβ25-35 culture. Cell activity was measured by the MTT method. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Gene and protein expression levels were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS This study demonstrated that kaempferol protected PC-12 cells from Aβ25-35-induced cell death and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with fulvestrant (an antagonist of ER) and U0126 (an inhibitor of ERK) significantly increased the apoptosis of PC-12 cells. Moreover, kaempferol promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic molecules and inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic molecules, which were blocked by fulvestrant and U0126. CONCLUSIONS Kaempferol protected PC-12 cells against Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis through the ER/ERK/MAPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongdan Xu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huifeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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17
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Tanideh R, Delavari S, Farshad O, Irajie C, Javad Yavari Barhaghtalab M, Koohpeyma F, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Jamshidzadeh A, Tanideh N, Iraji A. Effect of flaxseed oil on biochemical parameters, hormonal indexes and stereological changes in ovariectomized rats. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:521-533. [PMID: 33103380 PMCID: PMC8025639 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovariectomized rat is a widely used preclinical model for studying postmenopausal and its complications. In this study, the therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil on the ovariectomized adult rats was investigated. Our results showed that biochemical parameters including calcium, oestrogen and progesterone levels increase 8 weeks after ovariectomy in rats. Also, the amount of alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly after 8 weeks compared with the OVX rat. The healing potential of flaxseed oil was proven by successfully recovering the affected tissue and preventing the unpleasant symptoms of ovariectomized rats. The biological effects of flaxseed oil may be due to high amounts of fatty acids, phytoestrogens and an array of antioxidants. The results suggest that flaxseed oil can mimic the action of oestrogen and can be a potential treatment for hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Tanideh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Delavari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Ye H, Shaw IC. Dietary isoflavone-induced, estrogen receptor-β-mediated proliferation of Caco-2 cells is modulated by gallic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111743. [PMID: 32926937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary isoflavones and their biotransformation products (from food fermentation) are estrogen mimics which activate estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ. In silico molecular modelling is used to determine theoretical binding energies of genistein, daidzein and hydroxylated biotransformation products, and to investigate structure-binding energy relationships with ERβ. Results suggest that ligand hydroxyl arrangement determines binding energy and influences binding affinity. Caco-2 cells (ERβ expressing) are used to study the proliferative effect of genistein, daidzein and their hydroxylated biotransformation products. Isoflavones/biotransformation products showed weaker enhancement of Caco-2 proliferation than 17β-estradiol. The EC50s of isoflavones/biotransformation products agreed with in silico-predicted binding affinity order. Hydroxylated biotransformation products studied showed greater Caco-2 proliferative effects than the parent isoflavones except 8-hydroxygenistein, probably due to unfavourable ERβ interactions caused by 8-hydroxygenistein's extra hydroxyl. Caco-2 pre-treatment with UDP-glucose dehydrogenase inhibitor gallic acid promoted genistein/8-hydroxygenistein-mediated proliferation. This is probably due to a reduced isoflavone glucuronidation to form low estrogenicity glucuronides. Findings are discussed in the context of dietary isoflavones/gallic acid and effects on proliferation of ERβ-expressing gut cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Ian C Shaw
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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19
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Peiffer DS, Ma E, Wyatt D, Albain KS, Osipo C. DAXX-inducing phytoestrogens inhibit ER+ tumor initiating cells and delay tumor development. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:37. [PMID: 32864429 PMCID: PMC7429502 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumors despite curative-intent adjuvant therapy is thought to be due to enrichment of tumor initiating cells (TIC) during endocrine therapy (ET). Recently, it was identified that by antagonizing the ER, ET promotes rapid degradation of the death-associated factor 6 (DAXX) protein, which is necessary and sufficient to potently inhibit TICs. Thus, the goal of the current study was to identify a DAXX-inducing agent to inhibit TICs and prevent proliferation of the tumor. Phytoestrogens (naringenin, resveratrol, genistein, apigenin, and quercetin) were screened for DAXX protein expression, anti-TIC and anti-proliferative efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Specific DAXX-inducing phytoestrogens were tested to assess selectivity towards ERα and/or ERβ. Results showed that phytoestrogens tested induced DAXX protein expression and inhibited survival of TICs from ER+ MCF-7 and T47D cells. Only naringenin, resveratrol, and quercetin did not stimulate total cell proliferation. Naringenin, resveratrol, but not quercetin inhibited survival of TICs in vitro and in vivo in a DAXX-dependent manner. Naringenin-induced DAXX protein expression and inhibition of TICs seemed to be more selective towards ERβ while resveratrol was more selective through ERα. Naringenin or resveratrol inhibited the rate of tumor initiation and rate of tumor growth in a DAXX-dependent manner. These results suggest that a therapeutic approach using a phytoestrogen to induce DAXX protein expression could potently inhibit TICs within a tumor to delay or prevent tumor initiation. Therefore, a DAXX-promoting phytoestrogen should be explored for prevention of tumor progression in advanced disease and relapse in the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Peiffer
- MD/PhD and Integrated Cell Biology Programs, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Emily Ma
- MD/PhD and Integrated Cell Biology Programs, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Debra Wyatt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Kathy S. Albain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Clodia Osipo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
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20
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Chang H, Yao S, Tritchler D, Hullar MA, Lampe JW, Thompson LU, McCann SE. Genetic Variation in Steroid and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Pathways and Enterolactone Excretion Before and After Flaxseed Intervention in African American and European American Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 28:265-274. [PMID: 30709839 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolism and excretion of the phytoestrogen enterolactone (ENL), which has been associated with breast cancer risk, may be affected by variation in steroid hormone and xenobiotic-metabolizing genes. METHODS We conducted a randomized, crossover flaxseed intervention study in 252 healthy, postmenopausal women [137 European ancestry (EA) and 115 African ancestry (AA)] from western New York. Participants were randomly assigned to maintain usual diet or consume 10 g/day ground flaxseed for 6 weeks. After a 2-month washout period, participants crossed over to the other diet condition for an additional 6 weeks. Urinary ENL excretion was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 70 polymorphisms in 29 genes related to steroid hormone and xenobiotic metabolism were genotyped. Mixed additive genetic models were constructed to examine association of genetic variation with urinary ENL excretion at baseline and after the flaxseed intervention. RESULTS SNPs in several genes were nominally (P < 0.05) associated with ENL excretion at baseline and/or after intervention: ESR1, CYP1B1, COMT, CYP3A5, ARPC1A, BCL2L11, SHBG, SLCO1B1, and ZKSCAN5. A greater number of SNPs were associated among AA women than among EA women, and no SNPs were associated in both races. No SNP-ENL associations were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Variation in several genes related to steroid hormone metabolism was associated with lignan excretion at baseline and/or after flaxseed intervention among postmenopausal women. IMPACT These findings may contribute to our understanding of the differences observed in urinary ENL excretion among AA and EA women and thus hormone-related breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - David Tritchler
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - Lilian U Thompson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan E McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
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21
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Potshangbam AM, Rathore RS, Nongdam P. Discovery of sulfone-resistant dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) as a target enzyme for kaempferol, a natural flavanoid. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03378. [PMID: 32083215 PMCID: PMC7016458 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol is a ubiquitous flavonoid, found in various plants having a wide range of known pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antiallergic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and antimicrobial activities. Nonetheless various evidence suggest that kaempferol is also able to interact with many unknown therapeutic targets modulating signalling pathways, thus providing an opportunity to explore the potential target space of kaempferol. In this study, we have employed various ligand-based approaches to identify the potential targets of kaempferol, followed by validations using modelling and docking studies. Molecular dynamics, free energy calculations, volume and residue contact map analyses were made to delineate the cause of drug-resistance among mutants. We have discovered dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) as a novel potential therapeutic target for kaempferol. Further studies employing molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energies indicate that kaempferol has potential to inhibit even the sulfone-resistant DHPS mutants, which makes it a very attractive antibiotic agent. The identification of natural-product based kaempferol opens up the door for the design of antibiotics in a quick and high throughput fashion for identifying antibiotic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravindranath Singh Rathore
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
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22
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Estrogenic biological activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of green tea constituents. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Salehi B, Vlaisavljevic S, Adetunji CO, Adetunji JB, Kregiel D, Antolak H, Pawlikowska E, Uprety Y, Mileski KS, Devkota HP, Sharifi-Rad J, Das G, Patra JK, Jugran AK, Segura-Carretero A, Contreras MDM. Plants of the genus Vitis: Phenolic compounds, anticancer properties and clinical relevance. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Ye H, Shaw IC. Food flavonoid ligand structure/estrogen receptor-α affinity relationships - toxicity or food functionality? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:328-336. [PMID: 30986440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In silico molecular modelling is used to study interactions between flavonoid phytoestrogens and estrogen receptor (ER)α. Twenty flavonoids from foods were studied; e.g., genistein from soy, naringenin from grapefruit, phloretin from pears, chrysin from oyster mushrooms. These potential ligands' molecular attributes and their spatial arrangements that favour binding to the ligand binding cleft (LBC) of ERα are identified, and Docking Scores calculated. The Docking Score order is the same as the estrogenicity order for 8 of the flavonoids studied in detail. The number and position of flavonoid ring hydroxyls influence the Docking Scores which might relate to ERα's bio-activity. Hydrophobic interactions between ligands and ERα are also important; the number of rotatable CC bonds in ligands likely affects the magnitude of hydrophobic interactions and ligand fit. Our findings suggest that flavonoids with diverse structural features could have different binding energies and binding affinities with ERα, which might confer different functionalities and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ian C Shaw
- Human Toxicology Research Group, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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25
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Chen FP, Chien MH. Effects of phytoestrogens on the activity and growth of primary breast cancer cells ex vivo. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:1352-1362. [PMID: 31099163 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the ex vivo effects of phytoestrogens on primary human breast cancer cells. METHODS Breast cancer cells were obtained from patients who underwent primary breast cancer surgery, which were treated with 10-8 M 17β-estradiol (E2 ), one of three phytoestrogens (genistein, resveratrol and quercetin, 10-7 M), and a combination of E2 and one of the three phytoestrogens for 48 h. These cells were then extracted for viability and apoptosis assay. The proteins involved in the proliferative and apoptotic pathways were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Human breast cancer cell viability was inhibited by all phytoestrogens but induced by E2 with or without phytoestrogen. Apoptotic cells, as well as the proteins involved in apoptotic pathway and estrogen receptor (ER) β, were significantly increased in the cells treated with phytoestrogen alone. The use of E2 with or without a phytoestrogen revealed completely opposite results. The proteins involved in the proliferative pathway and ER α expression were all increased in the cultures with E2 with or without phytoestrogens. CONCLUSION In the presence of E2 , these phytoestrogens lose the effects of suppressing breast cancer cells; contrastingly, induce growth stimulatory effects by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating proliferation in primary breast cancer cells. Thus, the effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer should be considered as E2 still present in breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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26
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Lyman GH, Greenlee H, Bohlke K, Bao T, DeMichele AM, Deng GE, Fouladbakhsh JM, Gil B, Hershman DL, Mansfield S, Mussallem DM, Mustian KM, Price E, Rafte S, Cohen L. Integrative Therapies During and After Breast Cancer Treatment: ASCO Endorsement of the SIO Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2647-2655. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.79.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) produced an evidence-based guideline on use of integrative therapies during and after breast cancer treatment that was determined to be relevant to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) membership. ASCO considered the guideline for endorsement. Methods The SIO guideline addressed the use of integrative therapies for the management of symptoms and adverse effects, such as anxiety and stress, mood disorders, fatigue, quality of life, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, lymphedema, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, pain, and sleep disturbance. Interventions of interest included mind and body practices, natural products, and lifestyle modifications. SIO systematic reviews focused on randomized controlled trials that were published from 1990 through 2015. The SIO guideline was reviewed by ASCO content experts for clinical accuracy and by ASCO methodologists for developmental rigor. On favorable review, an ASCO Expert Panel was convened to review the guideline contents and recommendations. Results The ASCO Expert Panel determined that the recommendations in the SIO guideline—published in 2017—are clear, thorough, and based on the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO endorsed the guideline with a few added discussion points. Recommendations Key recommendations include the following: Music therapy, meditation, stress management, and yoga are recommended for anxiety/stress reduction. Meditation, relaxation, yoga, massage, and music therapy are recommended for depression/mood disorders. Meditation and yoga are recommended to improve quality of life. Acupressure and acupuncture are recommended for reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Acetyl-l-carnitine is not recommended to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy because of a possibility of harm. No strong evidence supports the use of ingested dietary supplements to manage breast cancer treatment–related adverse effects. Additional information is available at: www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H. Lyman
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Heather Greenlee
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Kari Bohlke
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Ting Bao
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Angela M. DeMichele
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Gary E. Deng
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Judith M. Fouladbakhsh
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Brigitte Gil
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Dawn L. Hershman
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Sami Mansfield
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Dawn M. Mussallem
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Karen M. Mustian
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Erin Price
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Susan Rafte
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Gary H. Lyman and Heather Greenlee, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kari Bohlke, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; Ting Bao and Gary E. Deng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Dawn L. Hershman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Karen M. Mustian, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Angela M. DeMichele, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Judith M. Fouladbakhsh,
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Intimate estrogen receptor-α/ligand relationships signal biological activity. Toxicology 2018; 408:80-87. [PMID: 30018014 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
How does estrogen receptor-α bind its natural ligands - estrogens? How can other molecules mimic estrogens and elicit different estrogenic responses? The answers lie in a complex and intimate chemical biology between ligands and receptor. This delicate interaction at the ligand binding cleft signals, via conformational change, exposure of a specific new charge topography at a second site (Activation Function-2). This, in turn, attracts a regulatory protein which modulates gene expression and controls biological activity.
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Avtanski D, Poretsky L. Phyto-polyphenols as potential inhibitors of breast cancer metastasis. Mol Med 2018; 24:29. [PMID: 30134816 PMCID: PMC6016885 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women as metastasis is currently the main cause of mortality. Breast cancer cells undergoing metastasis acquire resistance to death signals and increase of cellular motility and invasiveness.Plants are rich in polyphenolic compounds, many of them with known medicinal effects. Various phyto-polyphenols have also been demonstrated to suppress cancer growth. Their mechanism of action is usually pleiotropic as they target multiple signaling pathways regulating key cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Importantly, some phyto- polyphenols show low level of toxicity to untransformed cells, but selective suppressing effects on cancer cells proliferation and differentiation.In this review, we summarize the current information about the mechanism of action of some phyto-polyphenols that have demonstrated anti-carcinogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Gained knowledge of how these natural polyphenolic compounds work can give us a clue for the development of novel anti-metastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter Avtanski
- Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, Suite 8B, Room 837, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Leonid Poretsky
- Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, 10022, USA
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29
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Hajirahimkhan A, Mbachu O, Simmler C, Ellis SG, Dong H, Nikolic D, Lankin DC, van Breemen RB, Chen SN, Pauli GF, Dietz BM, Bolton JL. Estrogen Receptor (ER) Subtype Selectivity Identifies 8-Prenylapigenin as an ERβ Agonist from Glycyrrhiza inflata and Highlights the Importance of Chemical and Biological Authentication. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:966-975. [PMID: 29641206 PMCID: PMC5928484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are increasingly using botanicals for menopausal symptom relief due to the increased breast cancer risk associated with traditional estrogen therapy. The deleterious effects of estrogens are associated with estrogen receptor (ER)α-dependent proliferation, while ERβ activation could enhance safety by opposing ERα effects. Three medicinal licorice species, Glycyrrhiza glabra ( G. glabra), G. uralensis, and G. inflata, were studied for their differential estrogenic efficacy. The data showed higher estrogenic potency for G. inflata in an alkaline phosphatase induction assay in Ishikawa cells (ERα) and an estrogen responsive element (ERE)-luciferase assay in MDA-MB-231/β41 breast cancer cells (ERβ). Bioassay-guided fractionation of G. inflata led to the isolation of 8-prenylapigenin (3). Surprisingly, a commercial batch of 3 was devoid of estrogenic activity. Quality control by MS and qNMR revealed an incorrect compound, 4'- O-methylbroussochalcone B (10), illustrating the importance of both structural and purity verification prior to any biological investigations. Authentic and pure 3 displayed 14-fold preferential ERβ agonist activity. Quantitative analyses revealed that 3 was 33 times more concentrated in G. inflata compared to the other medicinal licorice extracts. These data suggest that standardization of G. inflata to 3 might enhance the safety and efficacy of G. inflata supplements used for postmenopausal women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Hajirahimkhan
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Obinna Mbachu
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Sarah G. Ellis
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Huali Dong
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - David C. Lankin
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Birgit M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
- E-mail (J. L. Bolton): . Tel: +1 (312) 996-5280. Fax: +1 (312) 996-7107
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30
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Borgert CJ, Matthews JC, Baker SP. Human-relevant potency threshold (HRPT) for ERα agonism. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1685-1702. [PMID: 29632997 PMCID: PMC5962616 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The European Commission has recently proposed draft criteria for the identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that pose a significant hazard to humans or the environment. Identifying and characterizing toxic hazards based on the manner by which adverse effects are produced rather than on the nature of those adverse effects departs from traditional practice and requires a proper interpretation of the evidence regarding the chemical’s ability to produce physiological effect(s) via a specific mode of action (MoA). The ability of any chemical to produce a physiological effect depends on its pharmacokinetics and the potency by which it acts via the various MoAs that can lead to the particular effect. A chemical’s potency for a specific MoA—its mechanistic potency—is determined by two properties: (1) its affinity for the functional components that comprise the MoA, i.e., its specific receptors, enzymes, transporters, transcriptional elements, etc., and (2) its ability to alter the functional state of those components (activity). Using the agonist MoA via estrogen receptor alpha, we illustrate an empirical method for determining a human-relevant potency threshold (HRPT), defined as the minimum level of mechanistic potency necessary for a chemical to be able to act via a particular MoA in humans. One important use for an HRPT is to distinguish between chemicals that may be capable of, versus those likely to be incapable of, producing adverse effects in humans via the specified MoA. The method involves comparing chemicals that have different ERα agonist potencies with the ability of those chemicals to produce ERα-mediated agonist responses in human clinical trials. Based on this approach, we propose an HRPT for ERα agonism of 1E-04 relative to the potency of the endogenous estrogenic hormone 17β-estradiol or the pharmaceutical estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol. This approach provides a practical way to address Hazard Identification according to the draft criteria for identification of EDCs recently proposed by the European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Borgert
- Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology, Inc. and CEHT, Univ. FL College of Vet. Med., Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - John C Matthews
- University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Stephen P Baker
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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Štulíková K, Karabín M, Nešpor J, Dostálek P. Therapeutic Perspectives of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a Potent Phytoestrogen from Hops. Molecules 2018; 23:E660. [PMID: 29543713 PMCID: PMC6017581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.), as a key ingredient for beer brewing, is also a source of many biologically active molecules. A notable compound, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), structurally belonging to the group of prenylated flavonoids, was shown to be a potent phytoestrogen, and thus, became the topic of active research. Here, we overview the pharmacological properties of 8-PN and its therapeutic opportunities. Due to its estrogenic effects, administration of 8-PN represents a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms that occur as a consequence of a progressive decline in hormone levels in women. Application of 8-PN in the treatment of menopause has been clinically examined with promising results. Other activities that have already been assessed include the potential to prevent bone-resorption or inhibition of tumor growth. On the other hand, the use of phytoestrogens is frequently questioned regarding possible adverse effects associated with long-term consumption. In conclusion, we emphasize the implications of using 8-PN in future treatments of menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms, including the need for precise evidence and further investigations to define the safety risks related to its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Štulíková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcel Karabín
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Nešpor
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Dostálek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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32
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Liu X, Jung D, Zhou K, Lee S, Noh K, Khim JS, Giesy JP, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Choi K. Characterization of endocrine disruption potentials of coastal sediments of Taean, Korea employing H295R and MVLN assays-Reconnaissance at 5years after Hebei Spirit oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:264-272. [PMID: 29475662 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting potentials were assessed for sediment samples collected near Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) site, between December 2007 and January 2012. For comparison, major crude oil (CO) of HSOS, or its weathered form were assessed. Both raw extracts (REs) and their fractionated samples were tested using H295R and MVLNluc bioassays. In H295R cells, REs of crude and weathered oil (WO), and nine of 14 sediments significantly increased E2 levels, which were correlated with the concentrations of PAHs. Steroidogenic disruption potentials of the sediments generally decreased over time. Among silica fractions of all REs, aromatic hydrocarbons (F2) and polar compounds (F3) caused greater E2 levels. While, in MVLN cell bioassay, only three of 14 sediment REs showed estrogen receptor binding potencies, and no temporal trend was observed. In conclusion, oil spill can cause endocrine disruption in the affected ecosystem through steroidogenic alteration for years, and such potencies attenuate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawoon Jung
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Kairu Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwan Noh
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Chiang LH, Chen SH, Lo YC, Yeh AI. Estrogenic activity of yam via a yeast model and its effects on two cancer cell lines. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Schreihofer DA, Oppong-Gyebi A. Genistein: mechanisms of action for a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in stroke. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:375-391. [PMID: 29063799 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1391933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is a plant estrogen promoted as an alternative to post-menopausal hormone therapy because of a good safety profile and its promotion as a natural product. Several preclinical studies of cerebral ischemia and other models of brain injury support a beneficial role for genistein in protecting the brain from injury whether administered chronically or acutely. Like estrogen, genistein is a pleiotropic molecule that engages several different mechanisms to enhance brain health, including reduction of oxidative stress, promotion of growth factor signaling, and immune suppression. These actions occur in endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells to provide a coordinated beneficial action to ischemic challenge. Though many of these protective actions are associated with estrogen-like actions of genistein, additional activities on other receptors and intracellular targets suggest that genistein is more than a mere estrogen-mimic. Importantly, genistein lacks some of the detrimental effects associated with post-menopausal estrogen treatment and may provide an alternative to hormone therapy in those patients at risk for ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Schreihofer
- a Center for Neuroscience Discovery and Institute for Healthy Aging , University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth , TX 76107 , USA
| | - Anthony Oppong-Gyebi
- a Center for Neuroscience Discovery and Institute for Healthy Aging , University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth , TX 76107 , USA
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35
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Elsherbini AM, Mohammed MAR, Ibrahim FM. Effect of Biochanin A versus 17β estradiol in rat submandibular salivary gland. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:579-588. [PMID: 28993577 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic nature of development mandates the observation of the effect of any exogenous substance, especially those with estrogenic activities, during critical phases of development. The submandibular gland (SMG) presents as a great model due to extensive postnatal development, and is known to be regulated and affected by hormones as well as growth factors. Herein, we observed postnatal development following low doses of Biochanin A (BCA) and 17β estradiol (E2) in rats. The pups were randomly divided into four groups: control, BCA, E2, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and euthanized at the 6th, 15th, 30th, and 60th postnatal days (PND). SMG morphogenesis was assessed. The nuclear expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) was evaluated immunohistochemically; ERβ expression was up-regulated by BCA and down-regulated by E2. Similarly, caspase three gene expression, assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction was increased in the BCA group but decreased in the E2 group. A significant decrease in epidermal growth factor gene expression was noted at PND 30. The results presented by this study provide evidence that the effect of a postnatal exposure of the SMG to Biochanin A during development could be linked to sex hormone-dependent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma M Ibrahim
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University
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Phytoestrogen metabolism by lactic acid bacteria: Enterolignan production by Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus gasseri strains. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Landete JM, Gaya P, Rodríguez E, Langa S, Peirotén Á, Medina M, Arqués JL. Probiotic Bacteria for Healthier Aging: Immunomodulation and Metabolism of Phytoestrogens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5939818. [PMID: 29109959 PMCID: PMC5646295 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5939818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Age-related degeneration gives rise to a number of pathologies, many of them associated with imbalances of the microbiota and the gut-associated immune system. Thus, the intestine is considered a key target organ to improve the quality of life in senescence. Gut microbiota can have a powerful impact in the deterioration linked to aging by its nutritional and immunomodulatory activity. Reduced numbers of beneficial species and low microbial biodiversity in the elderly have been linked with pathogenesis of many diseases. A healthy lifestyle with an elderly customized diet including probiotics can contribute to reducing the chronic proinflammatory status and other age-related pathologies. Beneficial effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria to alleviate some of these disorders based on their immunomodulatory properties as well as their capacity to produce bioactive metabolites from dietary phytoestrogens are summarized. On one hand, the preservation of gut barrier integrity and an increased ability to fight infections are the main reported immune benefits of probiotics. On the other hand, the intake of a diet rich in phytoestrogens along with the presence of selected probiotic bacteria may lead to the production of equol, enterolignans, and urolithins, which are considered protective against chronic diseases related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Landete
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gaya
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Langa
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan L. Arqués
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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Schlotz N, Kim GJ, Jäger S, Günther S, Lamy E. In vitro observations and in silico predictions of xenoestrogen mixture effects in T47D-based receptor transactivation and proliferation assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:146-157. [PMID: 28855101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Within endocrine disruptor research, evaluation and interpretation of mixture effects and the predictive value for downstream responses still warrant more in-depth investigations. We used an estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated reporter gene assay (ER-CALUX®) and a cell proliferation assay (WST-1 assay), both based on the T47D breast cancer cell line, to test mixtures of heterogeneous xenoestrogens. Observed concentration-response curves were compared to those predicted by the concepts of concentration addition (CA), generalized concentration addition (GCA), and a novel full logistic model (FLM). CA performed better regarding mixture potency (EC50 values), whereas GCA was superior in predicting mixture efficacy (maximal response). In comparison, FLM proved to be highly suitable for in silico mixture effect prediction, combining advantages of both CA and GCA. The inter-assay comparison revealed that ER activation is not necessarily predictive for induction of cell proliferation. The results support the use of models like CA, GCA, or FLM in mixture effect evaluation. However, we conclude that reliable estimations regarding the disruptive potential of mixtures of endocrine active substances require an integrative approach considering more than one assay/endpoint to avoid misinterpretations. The formazan-based WST-1 proliferation assay might be a possible alternative to commonly used proliferation assays in endocrine disrupter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schlotz
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Elsässerstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Gwang-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Stefan Jäger
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Elsässerstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Elsässerstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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He SJ, Xiang CQ, Zhang Y, Lu XT, Chen HW, Xiong LX. Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3435-3451. [PMID: 28744148 PMCID: PMC5513877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of phenotypic transition of epithelial cells that can promote physiological development as well as tissue healing and repair. In recent years, cancer researchers have noted that EMT is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. When tumor cells undergo EMT, they can develop enhanced migration and local tissue invasion abilities, which can lead to metastatic growth. Nevertheless, two researches in NATURE deny its necessity in specific tumors and that is discussed in this review. The degree of EMT and the detection of EMT-associated marker molecules can also be used to judge the risk of metastasis and to evaluate patients’ prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs, which can inhibit gene expression and protein translation through specific binding with the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are reported to influence EMT through transcription factors such as ZEB, SNAIL, and TWIST, as well as some natural products that regulate EMT in tumors. Moreover, mutual inhibition occurs between some transcription factors and miRNAs, and these effects appear to occur in a complex regulatory network. Thus, understanding the role of miRNAs in EMT and tumor growth may lead to new treatments for malignancies. Natural products can also be combined with conventional chemotherapy to enhance curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jin He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Chu-Qi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Yu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Xiang-Tong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Hou-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Cuesta-Rubio O, Campo Fernández M, Márquez Hernández I, Jaramillo CGJ, González VH, Montes De Oca Porto R, Marrero Delange D, Monzote Fidalgo L, Piccinelli AL, Campone L, Rastrelli L. Chemical profile and anti-leishmanial activity of three Ecuadorian propolis samples from Quito, Guayaquil and Cotacachi regions. Fitoterapia 2017. [PMID: 28642199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three propolis samples were collected from different regions of Ecuador (Quito, Guayaquil and Cotacachi) and their methanolic extracts were prepared. Preliminary information supplied by TLC and NMR data, allowed us to define two main types of propolis: Cotacachi propoli sample (CPS), rich in flavonoids and Quito and Guayaquil samples (QPS and GPS) containing triterpenic alcohols and acetyl triterpenes as the main constituents. Two different approaches based on RP-HPLC preparative procedure and NMR structural determination (CPS) and GC-MS analysis (QPS and GPS) were successfully used for the chemical characterization of their major compounds. All three propolis extracts were able to inhibit Leishmania amazonensis growth but propolis sample rich in flavonoids was the most active (IC50=17.1±1.7μg/mL). In the literature this is the first study on propolis from Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmany Cuesta-Rubio
- Universidad Técnica de Machala. Km. 5 1/2 Panamericana Vía a Pasaje, Machala, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Victor Hugo González
- Universidad Técnica de Machala. Km. 5 1/2 Panamericana Vía a Pasaje, Machala, Ecuador
| | - Rodny Montes De Oca Porto
- Instituto de Medicina del Deporte, Laboratorio Antidoping, Calle 100 y Aldabó, CP 12 10800 La Habana, Cuba
| | - David Marrero Delange
- Centro de Productos Naturales, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CNIC), Calle 198 Entre 19 y 21, Atabey, Municipio Playa, Apartado Postal 6414, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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Rietjens IMCM, Louisse J, Beekmann K. The potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1263-1280. [PMID: 27723080 PMCID: PMC5429336 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived dietary compounds with structural similarity to 17-β-oestradiol (E2), the primary female sex hormone. This structural similarity to E2 enables phytoestrogens to cause (anti)oestrogenic effects by binding to the oestrogen receptors. The aim of the present review is to present a state-of-the-art overview of the potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens. Various beneficial health effects have been ascribed to phytoestrogens, such as a lowered risk of menopausal symptoms like hot flushes and osteoporosis, lowered risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, brain function disorders, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bowel cancer and other cancers. In contrast to these beneficial health claims, the (anti)oestrogenic properties of phytoestrogens have also raised concerns since they might act as endocrine disruptors, indicating a potential to cause adverse health effects. The literature overview presented in this paper illustrates that several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens have been reported but that, given the data on potential adverse health effects, the current evidence on these beneficial health effects is not so obvious that they clearly outweigh the possible health risks. Furthermore, the data currently available are not sufficient to support a more refined (semi) quantitative risk-benefit analysis. This implies that a definite conclusion on possible beneficial health effects of phytoestrogens cannot be made. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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Abd El-Fattah AI, Fathy MM, Ali ZY, El-Garawany AERA, Mohamed EK. Enhanced therapeutic benefit of quercetin-loaded phytosome nanoparticles in ovariectomized rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 271:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gaya P, Medina M, Sánchez-Jiménez A, Landete JM. Phytoestrogen Metabolism by Adult Human Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2016; 21:E1034. [PMID: 27517891 PMCID: PMC6274073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived polyphenols with a structure similar to human estrogens. The three main groups of phytoestrogens, isoflavones, ellagitannins, and lignans, are transformed into equol, urolithins, and enterolignans, respectively, by bacteria. These metabolites have more estrogenic/antiestrogenic and antioxidant activities than their precursors, and they are more bioavailable. The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolism of isoflavones, lignans and ellagitannins by gut microbiota, and to study the possible correlation in the metabolism of these three groups of phytoestrogens. In vitro fermentation experiments were performed with feces samples from 14 healthy adult volunteers, and metabolite formation was measured by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-ESI/MS. Only the microbiota of one subject produced equol, while most of them showed production of O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA). Significant inter-subject differences were observed in the metabolism of dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein, while the glucoside isoflavones and their aglycones showed less variability, except for glycitin. Most subjects produced urolithins M-5 and E. Urolithin D was not detected, while uroltithin B was found in half of the individuals analyzed, and urolithins A and C were detected in two and four subjects, respectively. Enterolactone was found in all subjects, while enterodiol only appeared in five. Isoflavone metabolism could be correlated with the metabolism of lignans and ellagitannins. However, the metabolism of ellagitannins and lignans could not be correlated. This the first study where the metabolism of the three groups together of phytoestrogen, isoflavones, lignans, and ellagitannins by gut microbiota is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gaya
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Abel Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada (Biomatemática), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - José Mᵃ Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Bugel SM, Bonventre JA, Tanguay RL. Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Flavonoids Using an Integrative Zebrafish System. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:55-68. [PMID: 27492224 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large, structurally diverse class of bioactive naturally occurring chemicals commonly detected in breast milk, soy based infant formulas, amniotic fluid, and fetal cord blood. The potential for pervasive early life stage exposures raises concerns for perturbation of embryogenesis, though developmental toxicity and bioactivity information is limited for many flavonoids. Therefore, we evaluated a suite of 24 flavonoid and flavonoid-like chemicals using a zebrafish embryo-larval toxicity bioassay-an alternative model for investigating developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant chemicals. Embryos were exposed to 1-50 µM of each chemical from 6 to 120 h postfertilization (hpf), and assessed for 26 adverse developmental endpoints at 24, 72, and 120 hpf. Behavioral changes were evaluated in morphologically normal animals at 24 and 72 hpf, at 120 hpf using a larval photomotor response (LPR) assay. Gene expression was comparatively evaluated for all compounds for effects on biomarker transcripts indicative of AHR (cyp1a) and ER (cyp19a1b, esr1, lhb, vtg) pathway bioactivity. Overall, 15 of 24 flavonoids elicited adverse effects on one or more of the developmental or behavioral endpoints. Hierarchical clustering and principle component analyses compared toxicity profiles and identified 3 distinct groups of bioactive flavonoids. Despite robust induction of multiple estrogen-responsive biomarkers, co-exposure with ER and GPER antagonists did not ameliorate toxicity, suggesting ER-independence and alternative modes of action. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that development is sensitive to perturbation by bioactive flavonoids in zebrafish that are not related to traditional estrogen receptor mode of action pathways. This integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for evaluating flavonoid developmental toxicity and hazard prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
| | - Josephine A Bonventre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
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Roles of Dietary Phytoestrogens on the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Diverse Cancer Metastasis. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060162. [PMID: 27231938 PMCID: PMC4926129 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in tumor progression. The cells undergoing EMT upregulate the expression of cell motility-related proteins and show enhanced migration and invasion. The hallmarks of EMT in cancer cells include changed cell morphology and increased metastatic capabilities in cell migration and invasion. Therefore, prevention of EMT is an important tool for the inhibition of tumor metastasis. A novel preventive therapy is needed, such as treatment of natural dietary substances that are nontoxic to normal human cells, but effective in inhibiting cancer cells. Phytoestrogens, such as genistein, resveratrol, kaempferol and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), can be raised as possible candidates. They are plant-derived dietary estrogens, which are found in tea, vegetables and fruits, and are known to have various biological efficacies, including chemopreventive activity against cancers. Specifically, these phytoestrogens may induce not only anti-proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, but also anti-metastasis by inhibiting the EMT process in various cancer cells. There have been several signaling pathways found to be associated with the induction of the EMT process in cancer cells. Phytoestrogens were demonstrated to have chemopreventive effects on cancer metastasis by inhibiting EMT-associated pathways, such as Notch-1 and TGF-beta signaling. As a result, phytoestrogens can inhibit or reverse the EMT process by upregulating the expression of epithelial phenotypes, including E-cadherin, and downregulating the expression of mesenchymal phenotypes, including N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and vimentin. In this review, we focused on the important roles of phytoestrogens in inhibiting EMT in many types of cancer and suggested phytoestrogens as prominent alternative compounds to chemotherapy.
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Kaempferol Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth and Migration through the Blockade of EGFR-Related Pathway In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155264. [PMID: 27175782 PMCID: PMC4866780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most appalling cancers with a pessimistic prognosis. Despite many therapies, there has been no improvement of survival rates. In this study, we assessed the anti-cancer effects of kaempferol, a well known flavonoid having functional bio-activity against various malignant tumors. Kaempferol had anti-cancer effects on Miapaca-2, Panc-1, and SNU-213 human pancreatic cancer cells. In a dose-dependent manner, kaempferol decreased viability of these pancreatic cancer cells by increasing apoptosis. In particular, kaempferol effectively inhibited the migratory activity of human pancreatic cancer cells at relatively low dosages without any toxicity. The anti-cancer effect of kaempferol was mediated by inhibition of EGFR related Src, ERK1/2, and AKT pathways. These results collectively indicate that kaempferol, a phytochemical ingredient reported to have anti-viability and anti-oxidant properties, can act as a safety anti-migration reagent in human pancreatic cancer cells, which provide the rationale for further investigation of kaempferol as a strong candidate for the potential clinical trial of malignant pancreatic cancers.
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Martínez-Pérez C, Ward C, Turnbull AK, Mullen P, Cook G, Meehan J, Jarman EJ, Thomson PIT, Campbell CJ, McPhail D, Harrison DJ, Langdon SP. Antitumour activity of the novel flavonoid Oncamex in preclinical breast cancer models. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:905-16. [PMID: 27031849 PMCID: PMC4984802 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The natural polyphenol myricetin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in preclinical cancer models. We hypothesised that myricetin-derived flavonoids with enhanced redox properties, improved cell uptake and mitochondrial targeting might have increased potential as antitumour agents. Methods: We studied the effect of a second-generation flavonoid analogue Oncamex in a panel of seven breast cancer cell lines, applying western blotting, gene expression analysis, fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry of xenograft tissue to investigate its mechanism of action. Results: Proliferation assays showed that Oncamex treatment for 8 h reduced cell viability and induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, concomitant with increased caspase activation. Microarray analysis showed that Oncamex was associated with changes in the expression of genes controlling cell cycle and apoptosis. Fluorescence microscopy showed the compound's mitochondrial targeting and reactive oxygen species-modulating properties, inducing superoxide production at concentrations associated with antiproliferative effects. A preliminary in vivo study in mice implanted with the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft showed that Oncamex inhibited tumour growth, reducing tissue viability and Ki-67 proliferation, with no signs of untoward effects on the animals. Conclusions: Oncamex is a novel flavonoid capable of specific mitochondrial delivery and redox modulation. It has shown antitumour activity in preclinical models of breast cancer, supporting the potential of this prototypic candidate for its continued development as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carol Ward
- Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter Mullen
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Graeme Cook
- Antoxis Limited, IMS Building, Foresterhill Health and Research Complex, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - James Meehan
- Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Edward J Jarman
- Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Patrick I T Thomson
- EaSTCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Colin J Campbell
- EaSTCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Donald McPhail
- Antoxis Limited, IMS Building, Foresterhill Health and Research Complex, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - David J Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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49
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Brennan JC, Bassal A, He G, Denison MS. Development of a recombinant human ovarian (BG1) cell line containing estrogen receptor α and β for improved detection of estrogenic/antiestrogenic chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:91-100. [PMID: 26139245 PMCID: PMC4772679 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals are found in environmental and biological samples, commercial and consumer products, food, and numerous other sources. Given their ubiquitous nature and potential for adverse effects, a critical need exists for rapidly detecting these chemicals. The authors developed an estrogen-responsive recombinant human ovarian (BG1Luc4E2) cell line recently accepted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as a bioanalytical method to detect estrogen receptor (ER) agonists/antagonists. Unfortunately, these cells appear to contain only 1 of the 2 known ER isoforms, ERα but not ERβ, and the differential ligand selectivity of these ERs indicates that the currently accepted screening method only detects a subset of total estrogenic chemicals. To improve the estrogen screening bioassay, BG1Luc4E2 cells were stably transfected with an ERβ expression plasmid and positive clones identified using ERβ-selective ligands (genistein and Br-ERβ-041). A highly responsive clone (BG1LucERβc9) was identified that exhibited greater sensitivity and responsiveness to ERβ-selective ligands than BG1Luc4E2 cells, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of ERβ expression in these cells. Screening of pesticides and industrial chemicals identified chemicals that preferentially stimulated ERβ-dependent reporter gene expression. Together, these results not only demonstrate the utility of this dual-ER recombinant cell line for detecting a broader range of estrogenic chemicals than the current BG1Luc4E2 cell line, but screening with both cell lines allows identification of ERα- and ERβ-selective chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Brennan
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Arzoo Bassal
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michael S. Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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50
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Kiyama R, Wada-Kiyama Y. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors: Molecular mechanisms of action. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 83:11-40. [PMID: 26073844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive summary of more than 450 estrogenic chemicals including estrogenic endocrine disruptors is provided here to understand the complex and profound impact of estrogen action. First, estrogenic chemicals are categorized by structure as well as their applications, usage and effects. Second, estrogenic signaling is examined by the molecular mechanism based on the receptors, signaling pathways, crosstalk/bypassing and autocrine/paracrine/homeostatic networks involved in the signaling. Third, evaluation of estrogen action is discussed by focusing on the technologies and protocols of the assays for assessing estrogenicity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of estrogen action is important to assess the action of endocrine disruptors and will be used for risk management based on pathway-based toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Yuko Wada-Kiyama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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