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Ghosh B, Roy N, Roy D, Mandal S, Mondal M, Dakua VK, Dutta A, Sen S, Kumar A, Chakraborty R, Roy MN. Exploring Inclusion Complex of an Antithyroid Drug (PTU) with α-Cyclodextrin for Innovative Applications by Physicochemical Approach Optimized by Molecular Docking. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Valli E, Dalotto-Moreno T, Sterle HA, Méndez-Huergo SP, Paulazo MA, García SI, Pirola CJ, Klecha AJ, Rabinovich GA, Cremaschi GA. Hypothyroidism-associated immunosuppression involves induction of galectin-1-producing regulatory T cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22865. [PMID: 36934391 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200884r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism exerts deleterious effects on immunity, but the precise role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in immunoregulatory and tolerogenic programs is barely understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying hypothyroid-related immunosuppression by examining the regulatory role of components of the HPT axis. We first analyzed lymphocyte activity in mice overexpressing the TRH gene (Tg-Trh). T cells from Tg-Trh showed increased proliferation than wild-type (WT) euthyroid mice in response to polyclonal activation. The release of Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines was also increased in Tg-Trh and TSH levels correlated with T-cell proliferation. To gain further mechanistic insights into hypothyroidism-related immunosuppression, we evaluated T-cell subpopulations in lymphoid tissues of hypothyroid and control mice. No differences were observed in CD3/CD19 or CD4/CD8 ratios between these strains. However, the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly increased in hypothyroid mice, and not in Tg-Trh mice. Accordingly, in vitro Tregs differentiation was more pronounced in naïve T cells isolated from hypothyroid mice. Since Tregs overexpress galectin-1 (Gal-1) and mice lacking this lectin (Lgals1-/- ) show reduced Treg function, we investigated the involvement of this immunoregulatory lectin in the control of Tregs in settings of hypothyroidism. Increased T lymphocyte reactivity and reduced frequency of Tregs were found in hypothyroid Lgals1-/- mice when compared to hypothyroid WT animals. This effect was rescued by the addition of recombinant Gal-1. Finally, increased expression of Gal-1 was found in Tregs purified from hypothyroid WT mice compared with their euthyroid counterpart. Thus, a substantial increase in the frequency and activity of Gal-1-expressing Tregs underlies immunosuppression associated with hypothyroid conditions, with critical implications in immunopathology, metabolic disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Valli
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena A Sterle
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago P Méndez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Paulazo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I García
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular., Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- Biología de Sistemas de Enfermedades Complejas, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia J Klecha
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Incerpi S, Ashur-Fabian O, Davis PJ, Pedersen JZ. Editorial: Crosstalk between thyroid hormones, analogs and ligands of integrin αvβ3 in health and disease. Who is talking now? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1119952. [PMID: 36686434 PMCID: PMC9850369 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
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Abdolmohammadi-Vahid S, Samaie V, Hashemi H, Mehdizadeh A, Dolati S, Ghodrati-Khakestar F, Niafar M, Yousefi M. Anti-thyroid antibodies and underlying generalized immunologic aberrations in patients with reproductive failures. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103759. [PMID: 36332368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The link between autoimmune thyroid diseases and reproductive failures, including implantation failure and pregnancy loss, has been attracted a great deal of attention in the last two decades. In this regard, a considerable progress has been achieved in understanding the etiopathogenesis of the adverse pregnancy consequences related to the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies, however, the exact action mechanisms of these antibodies are not fully comprehended. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) are the anti-thyroid antibodies which are present in autoimmune thyroid disorder (AITD) patients, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In this condition, the thyroid hormones production, which are essential for normal implantation and pregnancy, are disrupted, and compromise the embryo or fetus development. In addition, a hypothesis suggests that there is underlying generalized immune abnormalities behind the presence of these antibodies. On the other hand, similar immunologic aberrations have been observed in thyroid autoimmunity and reproductive complications, which are postulated to be the proper answer for the scientists who seek for the pathophysiology behind the presence of these antibodies. Elevated inflammatory responses and decreased immunoregulatory actions, seem to be the main interfering pathologic factors in maternal tolerance toward fetus. In addition, cross reactivity of these antibodies with antigenic determinants of egg, embryo and placenta is another suggested mechanism, causing implantation and pregnancy complications. The ability of anti-thyroid antibodies in passing through the placental barrier and affecting the fetal thyroid gland, makes them more threatening for maintenance of a pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Abdolmohammadi-Vahid
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vajihe Samaie
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Huriyeh Hashemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Niafar
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zuñiga LFF, Muñoz YS, Pustovrh MC. Thyroid hormones: Metabolism and transportation in the fetoplacental unit. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:526-539. [PMID: 36208482 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are of vital importance for fetal development. The concentration of THs in fetal circulation varies throughout gestation and differs from the concentration in the maternal serum, indicating the presence of maternal-fetal thyroid homeostasis regulatory mechanisms in the placenta. The passage of THs from maternal circulation to fetal circulation is modulated by plasma membrane transporters, enzymes, and carrier proteins. Monocarboxylate transporter 8, iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO2 and DIO3), and transthyretin are especially involved in this maternal-fetal thyroid modulation, shown by a greater expression in the placenta. THs also play a role in placental development and as expected, abnormal variations in TH levels are associated with pregnancy complications and can result in damage to the fetus. Although new evidence regarding TH regulation during pregnancy and its effects in the mother, placenta, and fetus has been published, many aspects of these interactions are still poorly understood. The objective of this review is to provide an evidence-based update, drawn from current data, on the metabolism and transport of THs in the placenta and their vital role in the maternal-fetal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Falla Zuñiga
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yhoiss Smiht Muñoz
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria Carolina Pustovrh
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Neville JF, Jayanthi A, Reena, Rath A. Mysterious alarming mucormycosis: Anesthetic challenges in a series of four cases. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2022; 13:471-474. [PMID: 36683939 PMCID: PMC9851357 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_465_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden epidemic of mucormycosis amid COVID-19 pandemic has significantly challenged our understanding of the disease while affecting the whole medical and surgical management. Overzealous use of steroids in the management of covid-19 and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus has resulted in a tremendous rise in mucormycosis cases further burdening the already strained health care infrastructure and health care workers, especially the anesthesiologists. While working in a tertiary care institute of the country, we have been facing multiple challenges in its anesthetic management on a daily basis. This article is a case series involving four different patients who were operated for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with a brief discussion on various aspects of this multisystem epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- JF Neville
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinay Jayanthi
- Department of Anesthesiology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reena
- Department of Anesthesiology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrita Rath
- Department of Anesthesiology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Ding M, Duan Z. Correlation between dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine levels and 90-day prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:88. [PMID: 35672864 PMCID: PMC9175361 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) have a high 90-day mortality rate, so early prognostic evaluation is important. AIM We aimed to explore the correlation between dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and 90-day prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. METHODS A prospective cohort study investigated 122 inpatients with HBV-ACLF. Patients were divided into three groups based on the dynamic change in FT3 level, as follows: continuous normal FT3; continuous decreased FT3; and FT3 U-shaped change groups, and patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group according to whether they were alive or not. The correlation between the change in FT3 level and 90-day prognosis was explored. Three factors that affected the prognosis most significantly were used to form an FT3 correlation formula to compare the difference in predicting prognosis between the formula score and the conventional score. RESULTS There were 98 patients with decreased FT3 level (80.33%), and the lowest FT3 level was at 8.52 ± 6.38 days after admission, which lasted for 16 days. There were no significant differences in FT3 levels at admission and at the lowest point between the survival and non-survival groups. Cox regression analysis showed that the FT3 level, FT3 change type, and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) grading were important factors related to prognosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the FT3 correlation formula score was 0.892, which was significantly higher than that of the CTP, MELD, MELD-Na, CLIF-SOFA, CLIF-C OF, and AARC scores (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The FT3 level and its dynamic change type together with the HE grading can facilitate prediction of 90-day prognosis for patients with HBV-ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, You An Men Outer Street, Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, You An Men Outer Street, Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mei Ding
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, You An Men Outer Street, Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, You An Men Outer Street, Fengtai, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Rops MAJ, Moorlag SJCFM, van Deuren RC, Jaeger M, Joosten LAB, Medici M, Netea MG, Smit JWA, Netea-Maier RT. The impact of pre-existing thyroid diseases on susceptibility to respiratory infections or self-reported sickness during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:472-480. [PMID: 35657122 PMCID: PMC10697642 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, severity and presence of symptoms of respiratory tract infections and COVID-19, in patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction compared to individuals without thyroid diseases, during the peak month of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. Subjects and methods In this retrospective observational cohort study, all patients currently under follow-up at the Radboud UMC for thyroid dysfunction received a digital questionnaire. Primary outcomes were incidence of self-reported sickness and cases diagnosed with COVID-19. We compared these primary outcomes between these patients and individuals without thyroid diseases that received the same questionnaire, recruited from the Human Functional Genomics Cohort at the Radboud UMC. Results In total, 238 patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction and 161 controls were included. Patients did not report more sickness (30.7% vs. 29.2%; p = 0.752) or microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections (1.7% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.351). COVID-19 clinical diagnosis was more frequently made in patients with thyroid diseases (4.2% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.032), despite overall lower incidence of self-reported respiratory related symptoms (52.8% vs. 63.8%; p = 0.028), compared to controls. Sub-group analysis between patients with autoimmune and not-autoimmune thyroid dysfunction did not reveal significant associations with respect to any of the outcome measures. Conclusion This retrospective survey of a cohort of patients with from a tertiary academic hospital suggests that pre-existing thyroid dysfunction, independent from the aetiology, does not lead to an apparent risk to develop respiratory tract infections and COVID-19 related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje A J Rops
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne C van Deuren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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Thorkildsen MS, Mohus RM, Åsvold BO, Skei NV, Nilsen TIL, Solligård E, Damås JK, Gustad LT. Thyroid function and risk of bloodstream infections: Results from the Norwegian prospective population-based HUNT Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:896-906. [PMID: 34951039 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on thyroid function and risk of infection is conflicting and often stem from intensive care cohorts were nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) may be present. The objective of this study was to identify the risk of bloodstream infections (BSI) and BSI-related mortality with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the reference range in a general population. DESIGN Prospective follow-up. PARTICIPANTS The HUNT2 (1995-97) included 34,619 participants with information on TSH levels. MEASUREMENTS Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) confirmed BSIs and BSI-related mortality until 2011. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 14.5 years, 1179 experienced at least one episode of BSI and 208 died within 30 days after a BSI. TSH levels within the reference range of 0.5-4.5 mU/L were not associated with the risk of first-time BSI, with an HR of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.90-1.04) per mU/L. Stratified by baseline age < or ≥65 years, TSH was inversely associated with the risk of BSI (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78-1.00 per mU/L) in the youngest age group only. Persons with any baseline thyroid disease had a 30% risk and the hyperthyroid subgroup a 57%, and hypothyroidism a 20% increased risk of BSI. TSH levels were not clearly associated with BSI mortality, but the HRs were imprecise due to few BSI-related deaths. CONCLUSION There was some evidence of a weak inverse association between TSH levels and the risk of BSI in persons below 65 years of age. The increased risk seen in persons with thyroid illness is probably explained by confounding by concurrent ill health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Thorkildsen
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi M Mohus
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre , NTNU, Levanger, Norway
| | - Nina V Skei
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Tom I L Nilsen
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Solligård
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan K Damås
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lise T Gustad
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Huang Y, Fu T, Jiao X, Liu S, Xue Y, Liu J, Li Z. Hypothyroidism affects corneal homeostasis and wound healing in mice. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Stanculescu D, Bergquist J. Perspective: Drawing on Findings From Critical Illness to Explain Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:818728. [PMID: 35345768 PMCID: PMC8957276 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an initial explanation for how myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could originate and perpetuate by drawing on findings from critical illness research. Specifically, we combine emerging findings regarding (a) hypoperfusion and endotheliopathy, and (b) intestinal injury in these illnesses with our previously published hypothesis about the role of (c) pituitary suppression, and (d) low thyroid hormone function associated with redox imbalance in ME/CFS. Moreover, we describe interlinkages between these pathophysiological mechanisms as well as “vicious cycles” involving cytokines and inflammation that may contribute to explain the chronic nature of these illnesses. This paper summarizes and expands on our previous publications about the relevance of findings from critical illness for ME/CFS. New knowledge on diagnostics, prognostics and treatment strategies could be gained through active collaboration between critical illness and ME/CFS researchers, which could lead to improved outcomes for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Division of Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,The Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Collaborative Research Centre at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Wenzek C, Boelen A, Westendorf AM, Engel DR, Moeller LC, Führer D. The interplay of thyroid hormones and the immune system - where we stand and why we need to know about it. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:R65-R77. [PMID: 35175936 PMCID: PMC9010816 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, growing evidence suggests direct crosstalk between thyroid hormones (THs) and the immune system. Components of the immune system were proposed to interfere with the central regulation of systemic TH levels. Conversely, THs regulate innate and adaptive immune responses as immune cells are direct target cells of THs. Accordingly, they express different components of local TH action, such as TH transporters or receptors, but our picture of the interplay between THs and the immune system is still incomplete. This review provides a critical overview of current knowledge regarding the interaction of THs and the immune system with the main focus on local TH action within major innate and adaptive immune cell subsets. Thereby, this review aims to highlight open issues which might help to infer the clinical relevance of THs in host defence in the context of different types of diseases such as infection, ischemic organ injury or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wenzek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Führer;
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13
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RATH A, REENA R, JOSE S. Anesthetic considerations in COVID-associated mucormycosis in a patient with autoimmune disorders. Minerva Anestesiol 2022; 88:87-88. [DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.21.16070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Thyroid hormone and androgen signals mutually interplay and enhance inflammation and tumorigenic activation of tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Vela-Patiño S, Salazar MI, Remba-Shapiro I, Peña-Martínez E, Silva-Roman G, Andoneui-Elguera S, Ordoñez-Garcia JDJ, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Bonifaz L, Aguilar-Flores C, Marrero-Rodríguez D, Mercado M. Neuroendocrine-immune Interface: Interactions of Two Complex Systems in Health and Disease. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:240-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Keestra S, Högqvist Tabor V, Alvergne A. Reinterpreting patterns of variation in human thyroid function: An evolutionary ecology perspective. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 9:93-112. [PMID: 34557302 PMCID: PMC8454515 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone reference intervals—used to determine normal thyroid
function —currently don’t take into account many significant
factors that can cause variation in thyroid hormone levels. These factors
include age, sex, ethnicity, season, time of day, iodine content in the diet,
socioeconomic status, stress levels, body composition, immune status, menstrual
cycle phase, and overall health status. This paper shows how early life
experiences as well as short term stressors may affect variation in thyroid
function. These are energetic challenges to which the thyroid physiology can
respond to. Our investigation shows that much variation in thyroid function is
natural. It may result from a complex interplay of evolutionary, genetic,
developmental, and physiological factors in response to energetic challenges in
the environment, beyond what is currently considered in biomedicine. A new
research agenda for thyroid health should explore the way that diversity in
thyroid function has evolved as a response to different contexts people live
in—like focusing on how people’s metabolisms adapt to the
energetic requirements of their environments. Two hundred million people worldwide experience some form of thyroid disorder,
with women being especially at risk. However, why human thyroid function varies
between populations, individuals, and across the lifespan has attracted little
research to date. This limits our ability to evaluate the conditions under which
patterns of variation in thyroid function are best understood as
‘normal’ or ‘pathological’. In this review, we
aim to spark interest in research aimed at understanding the causes of variation
in thyroid phenotypes. We start by assessing the biomedical literature on
thyroid imbalance to discuss the validity of existing reference intervals for
diagnosis and treatment across individuals and populations. We then propose an
evolutionary ecological framework for understanding the phylogenetic, genetic,
ecological, developmental, and physiological causes of normal variation in
thyroid function. We build on this approach to suggest testable predictions for
how environmental challenges interact with individual circumstances to influence
the onset of thyroid disorders. We propose that dietary changes, ecological
disruptions of co-evolutionary processes during pregnancy and with pathogens,
emerging infections, and exacerbated stress responses can contribute to
explaining the onset of thyroid diseases. For patients to receive the best
personalized care, research into the causes of thyroid variation at multiple
levels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Keestra
- School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexandra Alvergne
- School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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17
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Ostróżka-Cieślik A, Dolińska B, Ryszka F. Effectiveness Assessment of a Modified Preservation Solution Containing Thyrotropin or Follitropin Based on Biochemical Analysis in Perfundates and Homogenates of Isolated Porcine Kidneys after Static Cold Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168360. [PMID: 34445068 PMCID: PMC8395071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we assess the nephroprotective effects of thyrotropin and follitropin during ischaemia. The studies were performed in vitro in a model of isolated porcine kidneys stored in Biolasol (FZNP, Biochefa, Sosnowiec, Poland) and modified Biolasol (TSH: 1 µg/L; FSH 1 µg/L). We used the static cold storage method. The study was carried out based on 30 kidneys. The kidneys were placed in 500 mL of preservation solution chilled to 4 °C. The samples for biochemical tests were collected during the first kidney perfusion (after 2 h of storage) and during the second perfusion (after 48 h of storage). The results of ALT, AST, and LDH activities confirm the effectiveness of Biolasol + p-TSH in maintaining the structural integrity of renal cell membranes. Significantly reduced biochemical parameters of kidney function, i.e., creatinine and protein concentrations were also observed after 48 h storage. The protective effect of Biasol + p-TSH is most pronounced after 2 h of storage, suggesting a mild course of damage thereafter. A mild deterioration of renal function was observed after 48 h. The results of our analyses did not show any protective effect of Biolasol + p-FSH on the kidneys during ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Dolińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- “Biochefa” Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Florian Ryszka
- “Biochefa” Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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18
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, Laparra JM, Boscá L. Beyond classic concepts in thyroid homeostasis: Immune system and microbiota. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111333. [PMID: 34048865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that thyroid hormones have implications for multiple physiological processes and can lead to serious illness when there is an imbalance in its metabolism. The connections between thyroid hormone metabolism and the immune system have been extensively described, as they can participate in inflammation, autoimmunity, or cancer progression. In addition, changes in the normal intestinal microbiota involve the activation of the immune system while triggering different pathophysiological disorders. Recent studies have linked the microbiota and certain bacterial fragments or metabolites to the regulation of thyroid hormones and the general response in the endocrine system. Even if the biology and function of the thyroid gland has attracted more attention due to its pathophysiological importance, there are essential mechanisms and issues related to it that are related to the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system and must be further investigated. Here we summarize additional information to uncover these relationships, the knowledge of which would help establish new personalized medical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Laparra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Mohamed A, Alawna M. Enhancing oxygenation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Effects on immunity and other health-related conditions. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4939-4958. [PMID: 34307545 PMCID: PMC8283603 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) distresses the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress syndrome, which might lead to death. There is no cure for COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 is a self-limited infection, and the methods that can enhance immunity are strongly required. Enhancing oxygenation is one safe and effective intervention to enhance immunity and pulmonary functions. This review deliberates the probable influences of enhancing oxygenation on immunity and other health-connected conditions in patients with COVID-19. An extensive search was conducted through Web of Science, Scopus, Medline databases, and EBSCO for the influence of enhancing oxygenation on immunity, pulmonary functions, psycho-immune hormones, and COVID-19 risk factors. This search included clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews. This search revealed that enhancing oxygenation has a strong effect on improving immunity and pulmonary functions and psycho-immune hormones. Also, enhancing oxygenation has a self-protective role counter to COVID-19 risk factors. Lastly, this search revealed the recommended safe and effective exercise protocol to enhance oxygenation in patients with COVID-19. Enhancing oxygenation should be involved in managing patients with COVID-19 because of its significant effects on immunity, pulmonary functions, and COVID-19 risk factors. A mild to moderate cycling or walking with 60%-80% Vo2max for 20-60 min performed 2-3 times per week could be a safe and effective aerobic exercise program in patients with COVID-19 to enhance their immunity and pulmonary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34522, Turkey
- Department of Basic Science and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Motaz Alawna
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34522, Turkey
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin 24013, Palestine
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20
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Maddalon A, Galbiati V, Colosio C, Mandić-Rajčević S, Corsini E. Glyphosate-based herbicides: Evidence of immune-endocrine alteration. Toxicology 2021; 459:152851. [PMID: 34246717 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (G) is the active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide products. It targets the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which lacks in humans, suggesting to confer a low mammalian toxicity to G-based herbicides (GBHs). Despite this, the use of G is currently under intense debate. Many studies indicating its hazard and toxicity on non-target organisms are emerging, and associations between GBHs and immune-endocrine disturbances have been described. This review aims to investigate, based on recent epidemiological studies and studies performed in vitro and in vivo in animals, the possible association between GBHs and immune-endocrine alterations. Published data suggest that GBHs have endocrine disrupting potentiality targeting sex and thyroid hormones, although its relevance for humans will require further investigations. Evidence of immunotoxicity are limited compared to those on endocrine effects, but overall highlight possible noxious effects, including lung inflammation and rhinitis. An attractive hypothesis could be the one that connects microbiota dysbiosis with possible immune-endocrine outcomes. Indeed, several intestinal microorganisms express the enzyme EPSPS and, studies are emerging that highlight a possible G-induced dysbiosis. Considering the wide use of GBHs in agriculture, further studies investigating their noxious effects at levels relevant for human exposure should be performed. A critical analysis of emerging evidence of G toxicity is required to better characterize its safety profile. In addition, attention should be paid to the differences between G alone and its formulations, which, containing substances able to increase G absorption, may present a different toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Occupational Health Unit, International Centre for Rural Health, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Mandić-Rajčević
- Occupational Health Unit, International Centre for Rural Health, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Political Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
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21
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Grondman I, de Nooijer AH, Antonakos N, Janssen NAF, Mouktaroudi M, Leventogiannis K, Medici M, Smit JWA, van Herwaarden AE, Joosten LAB, van der Veerdonk FL, Pickkers P, Kox M, Jaeger M, Netea MG, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Netea-Maier RT. The Association of TSH and Thyroid Hormones With Lymphopenia in Bacterial Sepsis and COVID-19. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1994-2009. [PMID: 33713408 PMCID: PMC7989224 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lymphopenia is a key feature of immune dysfunction in patients with bacterial sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the cause is largely unknown. Severely ill patients may present with thyroid function abnormalities, so-called nonthyroidal illness syndrome, and several studies have linked thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) to homeostatic regulation and function of lymphocyte populations. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to test the hypothesis that abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections. METHODS A retrospective analysis of absolute lymphocyte counts, circulating TSH, T4, free T4 (FT4), T3, albumin, and inflammatory biomarkers was performed in 2 independent hospitalized study populations: bacterial sepsis (n = 224) and COVID-19 patients (n = 161). A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with severe lymphopenia and normal lymphocyte counts. RESULTS Only T3 significantly correlated (ρ = 0.252) with lymphocyte counts in patients with bacterial sepsis, and lower concentrations were found in severe lymphopenic compared to nonlymphopenic patients (n = 56 per group). Severe lymphopenic COVID-19 patients (n = 17) showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of TSH, T4, FT4, and T3 compared to patients without lymphopenia (n = 18), and demonstrated significantly increased values of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and ferritin. Remarkably, after 1 week of follow-up, the majority (12 of 15) of COVID-19 patients showed quantitative recovery of their lymphocyte numbers, whereas TSH and thyroid hormones remained mainly disturbed. CONCLUSION Abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections, like bacterial sepsis and COVID-19, but future studies need to establish whether a causal relationship is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Grondman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aline H de Nooijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Antonakos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nico A F Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Mouktaroudi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases and Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van der Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author (and to whom reprints should be addressed): Romana Netea-Maier, MD PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Tel: +31-24-3614599, Email
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22
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Stanculescu D, Larsson L, Bergquist J. Theory: Treatments for Prolonged ICU Patients May Provide New Therapeutic Avenues for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:672370. [PMID: 34026797 PMCID: PMC8137963 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We here provide an overview of treatment trials for prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) patients and theorize about their relevance for potential treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Specifically, these treatment trials generally target: (a) the correction of suppressed endocrine axes, notably through a "reactivation" of the pituitary gland's pulsatile secretion of tropic hormones, or (b) the interruption of the "vicious circle" between inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and low thyroid hormone function. There are significant parallels in the treatment trials for prolonged critical illness and ME/CFS; this is consistent with the hypothesis of an overlap in the mechanisms that prevent recovery in both conditions. Early successes in the simultaneous reactivation of pulsatile pituitary secretions in ICU patients-and the resulting positive metabolic effects-could indicate an avenue for treating ME/CFS. The therapeutic effects of thyroid hormones-including in mitigating O&NS and inflammation and in stimulating the adreno-cortical axis-also merit further studies. Collaborative research projects should further investigate the lessons from treatment trials for prolonged critical illness for solving ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Larsson
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry–Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Collaborative Research Centre at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Sciacchitano S, De Vitis C, D'Ascanio M, Giovagnoli S, De Dominicis C, Laghi A, Anibaldi P, Petrucca A, Salerno G, Santino I, Amodeo R, Simmaco M, Napoli C, Tafuri A, Di Napoli A, Sacconi A, Salvati V, Ciliberto G, Fanciulli M, Piaggio G, de Latouliere L, Ricci A, Mancini R. Gene signature and immune cell profiling by high-dimensional, single-cell analysis in COVID-19 patients, presenting Low T3 syndrome and coexistent hematological malignancies. J Transl Med 2021; 19:139. [PMID: 33794925 PMCID: PMC8016508 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low T3 syndrome is frequent in patients admitted to intensive care units for critical illness and pneumonia. It has been reported also in patients with COVID-19, Hodgkin disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We analyzed the clinical relevance of Low T3 syndrome in COVID-19 patients and, in particular, in those with associated hematological malignancies. Methods Sixty-two consecutive patients, hospitalized during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Sant’Andrea University Hospital in Rome, were subdivided in 38 patients (Group A), showing low levels of FT3, and in 24 patients (Group B), with normal FT3 serum values. During the acute phase of the disease, we measured serum, radiologic and clinical disease severity markers and scores, in search of possible correlations with FT3 serum values. In addition, in 6 COVID-19 patients, 4 with Low T3 syndrome, including 2 with a hematological malignancy, and 2 with normal FT3 values, we performed, high-dimensional single-cell analysis by mass cytometry, multiplex cytokine assay and gene expression profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results Low FT3 serum values were correlated with increased Absolute Neutrophil Count, NLR and dNLR ratios and with reduced total count of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Low FT3 values correlated also with increased levels of inflammation, tissue damage and coagulation serum markers as well as with SOFA, LIPI and TSS scores. The CyTOF analysis demonstrated reduction of the effector memory and terminal effector subtypes of the CD4+ T lymphocytes. Multiplex cytokine assay indicates that mainly IL-6, IP-10 and MCAF changes are associated with FT3 serum levels, particularly in patients with coexistent hematological malignancies. Gene expression analysis using Nanostring identified four genes differently expressed involved in host immune response, namely CD38, CD79B, IFIT3 and NLRP3. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that low FT3 serum levels are associated with severe COVID-19. Our multi-omics approach suggests that T3 is involved in the immune response in COVID-19 and coexistent hematological malignancy and new possible T3 target genes in these patients have been identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02805-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy. .,Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 3, 00166, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia De Vitis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela D'Ascanio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giovagnoli
- Division of Pneumology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Dominicis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Anibaldi
- Health Managment Director, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Petrucca
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Santino
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Amodeo
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- UOSD Oncogenomica ed Epigenetica, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvati
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa de Latouliere
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
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24
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Jaeger M, Sloot YJE, Horst RT, Chu X, Koenen HJPM, Koeken VACM, Moorlag SJCFM, de Bree CJ, Mourits VP, Lemmers H, Dijkstra H, Medici M, van Herwaarden AE, Joosten I, Joosten LAB, Li Y, Smit JWA, Netea MG, Netea-Maier RT. Thyrotrophin and thyroxine support immune homeostasis in humans. Immunology 2021; 163:155-168. [PMID: 33454989 PMCID: PMC8114202 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine and the immune systems interact by sharing receptors for hormones and cytokines, cross‐control and feedback mechanisms. To date, no comprehensive study has assessed the impact of thyroid hormones on immune homeostasis. By studying immune phenotype (cell populations, antibody concentrations, circulating cytokines, adipokines and acute‐phase proteins, monocyte–platelet interactions and cytokine production capacity) in two large independent cohorts of healthy volunteers of Western European descent from the Human Functional Genomics Project (500FG and 300BCG cohorts), we identified a crucial role of the thyroid hormone thyroxin (T4) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) on the homeostasis of lymphocyte populations. TSH concentrations were strongly associated with multiple populations of both effector and regulatory T cells, whereas B‐cell populations were significantly associated with free T4 (fT4). In contrast, fT4 and TSH had little impact on myeloid cell populations and cytokine production capacity. Mendelian randomization further supported the role of fT4 for lymphocyte homeostasis. Subsequently, using a genomics approach, we identified genetic variants that influence both fT4 and TSH concentrations and immune responses, and gene set enrichment pathway analysis showed enrichment of fT4‐affected gene expression in B‐cell function pathways, including the CD40 pathway, further supporting the importance of fT4 in the regulation of B‐cell function. In conclusion, we show that thyroid function controls the homeostasis of the lymphoid cell compartment. These findings improve our understanding of the immune responses and open the door for exploring and understanding the role of thyroid hormones in the lymphocyte function during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette J E Sloot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology (LMI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Laboratory for Diagnostics (RLD), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology (LMI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Stanculescu D, Larsson L, Bergquist J. Hypothesis: Mechanisms That Prevent Recovery in Prolonged ICU Patients Also Underlie Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:628029. [PMID: 33585528 PMCID: PMC7876311 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.628029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here the hypothesis is advanced that maladaptive mechanisms that prevent recovery in some intensive care unit (ICU) patients may also underlie Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Specifically, these mechanisms are: (a) suppression of the pituitary gland's pulsatile secretion of tropic hormones, and (b) a "vicious circle" between inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and low thyroid hormone function. This hypothesis should be investigated through collaborative research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Larsson
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry – Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Collaborative Research Centre at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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De Luca R, Davis PJ, Lin HY, Gionfra F, Percario ZA, Affabris E, Pedersen JZ, Marchese C, Trivedi P, Anastasiadou E, Negro R, Incerpi S. Thyroid Hormones Interaction With Immune Response, Inflammation and Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:614030. [PMID: 33553149 PMCID: PMC7859329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.614030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interdependence between thyroid hormones (THs), namely, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and immune system is nowadays well-recognized, although not yet fully explored. Synthesis, conversion to a bioactive form, and release of THs in the circulation are events tightly supervised by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Newly synthesized THs induce leukocyte proliferation, migration, release of cytokines, and antibody production, triggering an immune response against either sterile or microbial insults. However, chronic patho-physiological alterations of the immune system, such as infection and inflammation, affect HPT axis and, as a direct consequence, THs mechanism of action. Herein, we revise the bidirectional crosstalk between THs and immune cells, required for the proper immune system feedback response among diverse circumstances. Available circulating THs do traffic in two distinct ways depending on the metabolic condition. Mechanistically, internalized THs form a stable complex with their specific receptors, which, upon direct or indirect binding to DNA, triggers a genomic response by activating transcriptional factors, such as those belonging to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Alternatively, THs engage integrin αvβ3 receptor on cell membrane and trigger a non-genomic response, which can also signal to the nucleus. In addition, we highlight THs-dependent inflammasome complex modulation and describe new crucial pathways involved in microRNA regulation by THs, in physiological and patho-physiological conditions, which modify the HPT axis and THs performances. Finally, we focus on the non-thyroidal illness syndrome in which the HPT axis is altered and, in turn, affects circulating levels of active THs as reported in viral infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Center for Life Science, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fabio Gionfra
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jens Z. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Negro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Rome, Italy
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27
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Klein JR. Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:655982. [PMID: 33828532 PMCID: PMC8020567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the neuroendocrine system share many common features. Both consist of diverse components consisting of receptors and networks that are widely distributed throughout the body, and both sense and react to external stimuli which, on the one hand control mechanisms of immunity, and on the other hand control and regulate growth, development, and metabolism. It is thus not surprising, therefore, that the immune system and the neuroendocrine system communicate extensively. This article will focus on bi-directional immune-endocrine interactions with particular emphasis on the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. New findings will be discussed demonstrating the direct process through which the immune system-derived thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) controls thyroid hormone synthesis and bone metamorphosis, particularly in the context of a novel splice variant of TSHβ made by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Also presented are the ways whereby the TSHβ splice variant may be a contributing factor in the development and/or perpetuation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), and how systemic infection may elicit immune-endocrine responses. The relationship between non-HPT hormones, in particular adipose hormones, and immunity is discussed.
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28
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Kumari K, Chainy GB, Subudhi U. Prospective role of thyroid disorders in monitoring COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05712. [PMID: 33344794 PMCID: PMC7733548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 200 countries and 1.3 million individuals have deceased within eleven months. Intense research on COVID-19 occurrence and prevalence enable us to understand that comorbidities play a crucial role in spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases and hypertension are among the various morbidities that are prevalent in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. However, the effect of altered thyroid-driven disorders cannot be ignored. Since thyroid hormone critically coordinate and regulate the major metabolism and biochemical pathways, this review is on the potential role of prevailing thyroid disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Direct link of thyroid hormone with several disorders such as diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, kidney and liver disorders etc. suggests that the prevailing thyroid conditions may affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, we discuss the oxidative stress-induced aging is associated with the degree of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, ACE2 protein which facilitates the host-cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 using the spike protein, are highly expressed in individuals with abnormal level of thyroid hormone. Altogether, we report that the malfunction of thyroid hormone synthesis may aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection and thus monitoring the thyroid hormone may help in understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumari
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, Sweden
| | - Gagan B.N. Chainy
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Umakanta Subudhi
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
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29
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MHC/class-II-positive cells inhibit corticosterone of adrenal gland cells in experimental arthritis: a role for IL-1β, IL-18, and the inflammasome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17071. [PMID: 33051554 PMCID: PMC7554037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental arthritis, glucocorticoid secretion is inadequate relative to inflammation. We hypothesized that IL-1 is a key factor for inadequate glucocorticoid secretion in arthritic rats. Collagen type II—induced arthritis (CIA) in DA rats was the model to study effects of IL-1 on adrenal function. In the CIA model, an increase of intraadrenal MHCII-positive cells was observed. MHCII-positive cells or bone marrow-derived dendritic cells inhibited glucocorticoid secretion of adrenal gland cells. IL-1, but also IL-18 and the inflammasome were critical in glucocorticoid inhibition. Arthritic compared to control adrenal gland cells produced higher amounts of CXC chemokines from MHCII+ adrenal cells, particularly CINC-2, which is strongly dependent on presence of IL-1. In CIA, macrophages and/or dendritic cells inhibit glucocorticoid secretion via IL-1 in adrenal glands. These findings show that activated macrophages and/or dendritic cells inhibit glucocorticoid secretion in experimental arthritis and that IL-1β is a decisive factor.
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30
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Bukovsky A. Immunology of tissue homeostasis, ovarian cancer growth and regression, and long lasting cancer immune prophylaxis - review of literature. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:31-46. [PMID: 32896865 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Data on the substantial physiological role of the immune system in the organism's ability to manage proper differentiation and function of normal tissues (tissue homeostasis), and detailed causes of the immune system's essential role for the in-vivo stimulation of cancer growth, are severely lacking. This results in a lack of effective cancer immunotherapy without adverse events, and in the lack of long-lasting cancer immune prophylaxes, particularly in ovarian cancers. Elimination of blood auto-antibodies blocking anti-cancer T cell effectors by intermittent moderate doses of cyclophosphamide, facilitation of the immune system reactivity against alloantigens of cancer cells by two subsequent blood transfusions, and augmentation of anticancer immunity by weekly intradermal injections of bacterial toxins, caused during the subsequent treatment-free period, lasting for two to four weeks, regression of inoperable epithelial ovarian cancers and regeneration of the tremendously metastatically altered abdominal tissues into normal healthy conditions without multivisceral cytoreductive surgery, which can result in life-threatening consequences. An otherwise untreated rectal cancer, progressing over 3 years, regressed after severe toxic dermatitis lasting over one week. This was caused by an accidental consumption of a large raw shiitake mushroom. Subsequent daily consumptions of 2 g Metformin ER and honeybee propolis ethanol extract, and weekly single larger raw shiitake mushroom, which all stimulate immune system reactivity against cancer stem cells, prevented malignant recurrence over the next 29 years without recurring dermatitis, and maintained healthy organism's conditions. These observations indicate that regression of advanced inoperable cancers and long-lasting cancer immune prophylaxis can be reached by simple approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Bukovsky
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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31
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Weber A, Pawar HN, Klein JR. Thyroid stimulating hormone β-subunit splice variant is expressed in all fractional subsets of bone marrow hematopoietic cells and peripheral blood leukocytes and is modulated during bacterial infection. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 294:113495. [PMID: 32360559 PMCID: PMC7309478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone produced in the anterior pituitary, is used to regulate thyroid hormone secretion. It has been known for over three decades that TSH is made by the cells of the immune system; however, the functional role of immune system TSH is unclear. We previously demonstrated that an alternatively-spliced isoform of TSHβ, referred to as the TSHβ splice variant (TSHβv), is the primary form of TSHβ made by hematopoietic cells in mice and humans. Most studies have linked TSHβv expression to myeloid cells of the immune system; however, it has recently been demonstrated that plasma cells in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may be a source of immune system TSHβv. Here, we demonstrate that TSHβv is expressed in bone marrow precursors of lymphoid cells, monocytes, and granulocytes, as well as in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells. Plasma cells generated by in vitro culture with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and MLN cells from mice infected with L. monocytogenes expressed TSHβv. There was an increase in the intensity of intracellular TSHβv expression in MLN cells following exposure to LPS, and in the proportion of TSHβv+ CD138+ MLN cells following L. monocytogenes infection. The number of TSHβv+ cells increased in MLN cells, particularly among CD138+ cells, following bacterial infection. This was confirmed by an increase in gene expression of BLIMP-1, the transcription factor for CD138, following infection. Levels of circulating thyroxine dropped significantly in mice 24 hrs post-infection. These findings suggest that immune system TSHβv may contribute to the host immune response during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Weber
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hitesh N Pawar
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John R Klein
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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32
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Aldulaijan HA, Cohen RE, Stellrecht EM, Levine MJ, Yerke LM. Relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis: A scoping review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:147-157. [PMID: 32067402 PMCID: PMC7025985 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to assess the existing literature to determine if a relationship exists between hypothyroidism and periodontitis. METHODS We used a modified approach to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses by searching five databases in addition to the gray literature. Keywords in the title and abstract fields, as well as subject headings for both periodontal disease and hypothyroidism, were used to search the existing literature for publications relevant to evaluation of the thyroid-periodontitis relationship. RESULTS The authors screened 847 unique publications which, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielded 29 publications, which were further analyzed for relevance and applicability. Most of the included papers were cross-sectional studies and retrospective chart reviews. Following critical analysis, four publications, including one abstract, were used to further assess the hypothyroid-periodontitis relationship. CONCLUSIONS There are very few high-quality studies describing the potential association between hypothyroidism and periodontitis. In general, and among the included papers with the fewest confounding factors, a positive relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis was found. Further well-controlled, prospective clinical and immunologic studies will be required to confirm that relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer A. Aldulaijan
- Department of Periodontics and EndodonticsUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York, School of Dental MedicineBuffaloNew York
- Present address:
Department of Periodontics and Community DentistryKing Saud University, College of DentistryRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Robert E. Cohen
- Department of Periodontics and EndodonticsUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York, School of Dental MedicineBuffaloNew York
| | - Elizabeth M. Stellrecht
- Department of Periodontics and EndodonticsUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York, School of Dental MedicineBuffaloNew York
| | - Michael J. Levine
- Department of Periodontics and EndodonticsUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York, School of Dental MedicineBuffaloNew York
| | - Lisa M. Yerke
- Department of Periodontics and EndodonticsUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York, School of Dental MedicineBuffaloNew York
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33
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Gallo D, Piantanida E, Gallazzi M, Bartalena L, Tanda ML, Bruno A, Mortara L. Immunological Drivers in Graves' Disease: NK Cells as a Master Switcher. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32765422 PMCID: PMC7379480 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism, which is eventually related to the generation of IgG antibodies stimulating the thyrotropin receptor. Clinical manifestations of the disease reflect hyperstimulation of the gland, causing thyrocyte hyperplasia (goiter) and excessive thyroid hormone synthesis (hyperthyroidism). The above clinical manifestations are preceded by still partially unraveled pathogenic actions governed by the induction of aberrant phenotype/functions of immune cells. In this review article we investigated the potential contribution of natural killer (NK) cells, based on literature analysis, to discuss the bidirectional interplay with thyroid hormones (TH) in GD progression. We analyzed cellular and molecular NK-cell associated mechanisms potentially impacting on GD, in a view of identification of the main NK-cell subset with highest immunoregulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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34
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Adamczewski Z, Stasiołek M, Zygmunt A, Śliwka PW, Wieczorek-Szukała K, Lewiński A. Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Increases the Percentages of Natural Killer T Cells and B Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood In Vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:543845. [PMID: 33329378 PMCID: PMC7715015 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.543845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular and humoral components of the immune system play a significant role in the physiology and pathophysiology of various organs including the thyroid. On the other hand, both thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been shown to exert immunoregulatory activities, which are difficult to assess independently in vivo. In our study we employed a unique clinical model for the assessment of TSH biological function in humans. The structure of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations was investigated, using flow cytometry, in athyroid patients (n = 109) after treatment because of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) at two time-points: directly before and five days after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) administration. The analysis revealed significant increase in the percentage of natural killer T cells and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of rhTSH treated patients, whereas, we did not observe any effects on investigated subpopulations of dendritic cells and monocytes, T cells and natural killer cells. The findings of the study indicate the immune regulatory role of TSH, directed specifically on selected cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Adamczewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Zygmunt
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław W. Śliwka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Lewiński,
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Karkhaneh M, Qorbani M, Ataie-Jafari A, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Asayesh H, Hosseini S. Association of thyroid hormones with resting energy expenditure and complement C3 in normal weight high body fat women. Thyroid Res 2019; 12:9. [PMID: 31666810 PMCID: PMC6813955 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-019-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high body fat percentage has a specific effect on activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. On the other hand, a slight change in thyroid hormones can affect metabolism and body composition as well as immune function. This study aims to examine the relationship between adiposity, thyroid hormone levels and immunity by comparing resting energy expenditure (REE), serum thyroid hormone levels and complement C3 in normal-weight high body fat (normal weight obesity) women and normal-weight normal body fat women. METHODS In this case-control study, 40 women with normal body weight (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) and body fat mass (FM) ≥ 30% (normal-weight obesity (NWO) group), and 30 non-obese women (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) and FM < 30% (non-normal weight obesity (non-NWO) group) were recruited from a sport club in Tehran. Body composition was analyzed using bioimpedance analyzer. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for fasting serum concentration of thyroid hormones (including total T3 and total T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum complement C3. REE was measured by an indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Serum T3 and T4 and also complement C3 were higher in the NWO group than in the non-NWO group. Body fat percentages had significant positive correlation with T3 (r; 0.344, P < 0.05), T4 (r; 0.294, P < 0.05), and complement C3 (r; 0.417, P < 0.05). Serum T3 and T4 were also positively correlated with C3 concentration (r; 0.417, p < 0.001) and (r; 0.349, p < 0.05); respectively, but there was no significant correlation between TSH and C3. REE was not significantly different between the two groups. REE only had a significant positive correlation with fat-free mass (r; 0.421, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION An increase in body fat even in the presence of a normal body weight can be accompanied by the changes in thyroid function and inflammatory markers such as complement C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhaneh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Ataie-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran
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Fell DB, Wilson LA, Hawken S, Spruin S, Murphy M, Potter BK, Little J, Chakraborty P, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Wilson K. Association between newborn screening analyte profiles and infant mortality. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:835-838. [PMID: 31046492 PMCID: PMC7722351 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1615048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess whether newborn screening analytes could be utilized beyond their traditional application to identify infants at high risk of mortality within the first 6 months of life. Methods We linked a province-wide newborn screening registry with health administrative databases to identify infant deaths within 6 months in a source population of live-born infants between 2010 and 2014. We used a nested case-control study design, in which all infant deaths between 7 days and 6 months of age were included as cases, and a random sample of infants from the source population were selected as controls and were matched to cases at a ratio of 10:1. We examined the association between mortality and screening analytes (acylcarnitines, amino acids, fetal-to-adult hemoglobin ratio, endocrine markers, and enzymes) using lasso regression to fit multivariable models. Results Among 350 infant deaths between 7 days and 6 months of age, and 3498 matched controls with complete data, our multivariable model demonstrated only modest ability to identify infant deaths (optimism-corrected c-statistic: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.50–0.71). Conclusions We did not find newborn screening analytes to be strongly predictive of infant mortality between 7 days and 6 months of age in the general population of newborns. Future studies should investigate whether predictive modeling within more homogeneous cause-of-death categories could lead to improved predictive ability for infant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshayne B Fell
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Wilson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Spruin
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Malia Murphy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Beth K Potter
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Kumanan Wilson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Salleh N, Sayem ASM, Giribabu N, Khaing SL. Expression of proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus is down-regulated at the day of implantation in hypothyroid pregnant rats. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:486-494. [PMID: 30761678 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism has been linked to infertility, but the mechanisms underlying infertility-related hypothyroidism have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, effects of hypothyroidism on expression of the proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus, which were thought to play a role implantation, including thyroid hormone receptor (TR), thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and extracellular kinase (ERK) were identified. Pregnant female rats were rendered hypothyroid by giving methimazole (MMI), orally. Following hypothyroid induction, rats were grouped into control (non-treated) and received subcutaneous thyroxine at 20, 40, and 80 μg/kg/day for five consecutive days. At Day 6, which is the day of implantation (GD 6), rats were sacrificed and the number of embryo implantation site in the uterus was calculated. Then, uterine horns were harvested and expression of the above proteins and their mRNAs were identified by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. In non-treated hypothyroid pregnant rats, the number of embryo implantation sites decreased as compared to euthyroid and hypothyroid rats receiving thyroxine treatment. Similarly, expression of TRα-1, TRβ-1, TSHR, ERK1/2 and RAR proteins and mRNA in the uterus of non-treated hypothyroid rats also decreased (P < 0.05 when compared to euthyroid and thyroxine-treated hypothyroid rats). In conclusion, downregulated expression of the thyroid hormone related proteins in the uterus at the day of implantation might result in infertility as reported in hypothyroid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Abu Sadat Md Sayem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Zakir Hossain Road, Foy's Lake, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Si Lay Khaing
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li X, Zhu Z, Zhou T, Cao X, Lu T, He J, Liang Y, Liu C, Dou Z, Shen B. Predictive value of combined serum FGF21 and free T3 for survival in septic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:31-37. [PMID: 30853459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the correlation between thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations and the serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentration in septic patients and to assess the collaborative value of these factors in predicting 28-day mortality in septic patients. METHODS A total of 120 consecutive patients with sepsis were divided into two groups according to their survival or death within 28 days after initial diagnosis of sepsis. RESULTS Patients in the non-survivor group had significantly higher serum FGF21 concentrations but lower total and free triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) concentrations than those in the survivor group. Thyroid hormone concentrations, including T3, free T3, T4 and free T4, were significantly negatively correlated with the ∆SOFA and APACHE II scores as well as the serum FGF21, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein concentrations. Logistic regression analysis showed that the ∆SOFA score, serum FGF21 concentration, and free T3 concentration were significant predictors of 28-day mortality. The model with variables of ∆SOFA score and serum FGF21 and free T3 concentrations had the greatest area under the curve of 0.969. CONCLUSION The addition of free T3 and serum FGF21 to ∆SOFA score provided a significantly improved ability to predict 28-day mortality in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Zexiang Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China.
| | - Tinghong Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Jiafen He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Chuankai Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Zhoulin Dou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
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Mohan B, Damodar KS. Functional features of neutrophils in subclinical hypothyroidism compared to euthyroid status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.23921/amp.2019v3i1.19251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil or polymorphonuclear leukocytes are critical to host defense. They act by migrating (chemotaxis) to site of inflammation or infection, phagocytoze the microorganisms to form phagosome. Reactive Oxygen species and hydrolytic enzymes are released (respiratory burst activity) into this phagosome to kill ingested microorganisms (microbicidal activity). Thyroid hormones are essential for proper differentiation, growth and metabolism of an organism. Increasing evidence indicates that thyroid hormones also play an active role in immunity. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with normal thyroid hormone levels with increased thyroid stimulating hormone level. While studies indicate elevated TSH to have some effects on immune functions, there is very little evidence regarding its effect on functional features of neutrophils. In this cross-sectional comparative study, we evaluated the phagocytic, chemotactic, candidacidal, and respiratory burst activity of neutrophils in subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects. Phagocytosis and metabolic function of the neutrophils was assessed using Nitro-blue tetrazolium test. Chemotaxis, directional movement of the PMNs was measured using the N-Formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine as chemoattractant. Phagocytic activity was evaluated by exposing leukocytes to candida suspension and counting the number of candida ingested and killed. Microbicidal activity of neutrophils was assessed by the ability of leukocytes to kill Candida albicans in both subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects. Our study demonstrated that chemotactic and mean phagocytic activity was significantly less in those with subclinical hypothyroidism as compared to euthyroid control group (p value = 0.005 and 0.045 respectively). Respiratory burst activities of both unstimulated & stimulated neutrophils were relatively reduced in subclinical hypothyroidism (p value of 0.08 and 0.07). Candidicidal activity was similar in both groups. We conclude that subclinical hypothyroid individuals having excess of thyroid stimulating hormones are associated altered functional characteristics of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Mohan
- Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
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40
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Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiouracil Derivatives as Potential Antithyroid Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112913. [PMID: 30413058 PMCID: PMC6278332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is the result of uncontrolled overproduction of the thyroid hormones. One of the mostly used antithyroid agents is 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). The previously solved X-ray crystal structure of the PTU bound to mammalian lactoperoxidase (LPO) reveals that the LPO-PTU binding site is basically a hydrophobic channel. There are two hydrophobic side chains directed towards the oxygen atom in the C-4 position of the thiouracil ring. In the current study, the structural activity relationship (SAR) was performed on the thiouracil nucleus of PTU to target these hydrophobic side chains and gain more favorable interactions and, in return, more antithyroid activity. Most of the designed compounds show superiority over PTU in reducing the mean serum T4 levels of hyperthyroid rats by 3% to 60%. In addition, the effect of these compounds on the levels of serum T3 was found to be comparable to the effect of PTU treatment. The designed compounds in this study showed a promising activity profile in reducing levels of thyroid hormones and follow up experiments will be needed to confirm the use of the designed compounds as new potential antithyroid agents.
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Thornton LM, Path EM, Nystrom GS, Venables BJ, Sellin Jeffries MK. Embryo-larval BDE-47 exposure causes decreased pathogen resistance in adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:80-87. [PMID: 29859315 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been shown to alter immune function in adult organisms across a variety of taxa. However, few if any studies have investigated the long-term consequences of early life stage PBDE exposures on immune function in fish. This study sought to determine the effects of early life stage BDE-47 exposure on pathogen resistance in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) following an extended depuration period (≥180 d). Minnows were exposed to BDE-47 via a combination of maternal transfer and diet through 34 days post fertilization (dpf), raised to adulthood (>215 dpf) on a clean diet, then subjected to pathogen resistance trials. Early life stage exposures to BDE-47 did not affect the ability of females to survive from Yersinia ruckeri infection. However, the survival of BDE-47 exposed males was significantly reduced relative to controls, indicating that developmental exposures to BDE-47 altered male immunity. Because BDE-47 is a known thyroid hormone disruptor and thyroid hormone disruptors have the potential to adversely impact immune development and function, metrics indicative of thyroid disruption were evaluated, as were immune parameters known to be altered in response to thyroid disruption. BDE-47 exposed minnows exhibited signs of thyroid disruption (i.e., reduced growth); however, no alterations were observed in immune parameters known to be influenced by thyroid hormones (i.e., thymus size, expression of genes associated with lymphoid development) suggesting that the observed alterations in immunocompetence may occur through alternative mechanisms. Regardless of the mechanisms responsible, the results of this study demonstrate the potential for early life stage PBDE exposures to adversely impact immunity and illustrate that the immunological consequences of PBDE exposures are sex dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Thornton
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Elise M Path
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Gunnar S Nystrom
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Barney J Venables
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Xu C, Li X, Jin M, Sun X, Niu L, Lin C, Liu W. Early life exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites: a comparison of phenotypic and behavioral indicators and gene expression involved in the HPT axis and innate immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12992-13003. [PMID: 29480392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological studies have revealed the association between synthetic pyrethroid (SP) exposure and aquatic toxicity in fish; however, research on the toxic effects of SP metabolites is still limited. In this study, the toxicity of two SPs (permethrin (PM) and β-cypermethrin (β-CP)) and their three metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol (PBCOH), 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (PBCHO), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBCOOH)) towards zebrafish embryos and larvae was evaluated. Both SPs and their metabolites exhibited significant developmental toxicities, caused abnormal vascular development, and changed locomotor activities in larvae. The alteration of gene expression involved in the thyroid system and the innate immune system indicated that SPs and their three metabolites have the potency to induce thyroid disruption and trigger an immune response. The results from the present study suggest that SP metabolites could induce multiple toxic responses similar to parent compounds, and their toxicity should be considered for improving the understanding of environmental risks of SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Xinfang Li
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Meiqing Jin
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Chunmian Lin
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Zwollo P. The humoral immune system of anadromous fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:24-33. [PMID: 28057508 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of anadromous fish is extremely complex, a direct consequence of their diadromous nature. Hormone levels fluctuate widely throughout their life cycle, as fish move between fresh and salt water. This poses major challenges to the physiology of anadromous fish, including adaptation to very different saline environments, distinct pathogen fingerprints, and different environmental stressors. Elevated cortisol and sex hormone levels inhibit B lymphopoiesis and IgM+ antibody responses, while catecholamines, growth hormones and thyroid hormones are generally stimulatory and enhance the humoral immune response. Immunological memory in the form of long-lived plasma cells likely plays important roles in health and survival during the life cycle of anadromous fishes. This review discusses some of the complex immune-endocrine pathways in anadromous fish, focusing on essential roles for B lineage cells in the successful completion of their life cycle. A discussion is included on potential differences in immuno-competence between wild and hatchery-raised fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Zwollo
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, United States.
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Alfadda AA, Benabdelkamel H, Masood A, Jammah AA, Ekhzaimy AA. Differences in the Plasma Proteome of Patients with Hypothyroidism before and after Thyroid Hormone Replacement: A Proteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010088. [PMID: 29301248 PMCID: PMC5796038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a potent stimulator of metabolism, playing a critical role in regulating energy expenditure and in key physiological mechanisms, such as growth and development. Although administration of thyroid hormone in the form of levo thyroxine (l-thyroxine) has been used to treat hypothyroidism for many years, the precise molecular basis of its physiological actions remains uncertain. Our objective was to define the changes in circulating protein levels that characterize alterations in thyroid hormone status. To do this, an integrated untargeted proteomic approach with network analysis was used. This study included 10 age-matched subjects with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism. Blood was collected from subjects at baseline and at intervals post-treatment with l-thyroxine until they reached to euthyroid levels. Plasma protein levels were compared by two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) pre- and post-treatment. Twenty differentially expressed protein spots were detected. Thirteen were identified, and were found to be unique protein sequences by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Ten proteins were more abundant in the hypothyroid vs. euthyroid state: complement C2, serotransferrin, complement C3, Ig κ chain C region, α-1-antichymotrypsin, complement C4-A, haptoglobin, fibrinogen α chain, apolipoprotein A-I, and Ig α-1 chain C region. Three proteins were decreased in abundance in the hypothyroid vs. euthyroid state: complement factor H, paraneoplastic antigen-like protein 6A, and α-2-macroglobulin. The differentially abundant proteins were investigated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to reveal their associations with known biological functions. Their connectivity map included interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as central nodes and the pathway identified with the highest score was involved in neurological disease, psychological disorders, and cellular movement. The comparison of the plasma proteome between the hypothyroid vs euthyroid states revealed differences in the abundance of proteins involved in regulating the acute phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assim A Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afshan Masood
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anwar A Jammah
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aishah A Ekhzaimy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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Sun HJ, Li SW, Li C, Wang WQ, Li HB, Ma LQ. Thyrotoxicity of arsenate and arsenite on juvenile mice at organism, subcellular, and gene levels under low exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:580-587. [PMID: 28813693 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a worldwide issue, posing threat to human health. Arsenic is an endocrine system disruptor, however, limited information is available regarding its long-term effects on thyroid endocrine system at low exposure. In this study, we assessed the thyroid toxicity of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) at 10-100 μg L-1 in juvenile mice after 8-week of exposure via drinking water. After 1-2 week, AsV and AsIII had little influence on thyroxine (T4) level (56.3-64.7 μg L-1) in mouse blood compared to control mice at 57.3-60.7 μg L-1. However, after 4-8 weeks, 10 μg L-1 AsIII or AsV increased T4 levels to 83.8-88.8 μg L-1 compared to control treatment at 77.2-80.0 μg L-1, while 100 μg L-1 AsV or AsIII decreased T4 levels except for 100 μg L-1 AsIII for 8 weeks. Based on transmission electron microscopy, exposure to 100 μg L-1 AsIII or AsV for 8 weeks caused thyroid gland damage. In addition, exposure to AsV or AsIII at 10 or 100 μg L-1 impacted gene transcription of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis including thyroid stimulating hormone and iodothyronine deiodinases. Our data demonstrated that exposing to low levels of AsIII or AsV disrupted T4 homeostasis, influenced the related gene transcription and damaged the thyroid glands in juvenile mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shi-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wen-Qian Wang
- Medical College, Jinhua College of Profession and Technology, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Jara EL, Muñoz-Durango N, Llanos C, Fardella C, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Modulating the function of the immune system by thyroid hormones and thyrotropin. Immunol Lett 2017; 184:76-83. [PMID: 28216261 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a close bidirectional communication and regulation between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Thyroid hormones (THs) can exert responses in various immune cells, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, affecting several inflammation-related processes (such as, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytokines production). The interactions between the endocrine and immune systems have been shown to contribute to pathophysiological conditions, including sepsis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Under these conditions, TH therapy could contribute to restoring normal physiological functions. Here we discuss the effects of THs and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the immune system and the contribution to inflammation and pathogen clearance, as well as the consequences of thyroid pathologies over the function of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn L Jara
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Llanos
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Fardella
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile.
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van der Spek AH, Fliers E, Boelen A. Thyroid hormone metabolism in innate immune cells. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R67-R81. [PMID: 27852725 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism and thyroid status have been linked to various aspects of the immune response. There is extensive literature available on the effects of thyroid hormone on innate immune cells. However, only recently have authors begun to study the mechanisms behind these effects and the role of intracellular TH metabolism in innate immune cell function during inflammation. This review provides an overview of the molecular machinery of intracellular TH metabolism present in neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells and the role and effects of intracellular TH metabolism in these cells. Circulating TH levels have a profound effect on neutrophil, macrophage and dendritic cell function. In general, increased TH levels result in an amplification of the pro-inflammatory response of these cells. The mechanisms behind these effects include both genomic and non-genomic effects of TH. Besides a pro-inflammatory effect induced by extracellular TH, the cellular response to pro-inflammatory stimuli appears to be dependent on functional intracellular TH metabolism. This is illustrated by the fact that the deiodinase enzymes and in some cell types also thyroid hormone receptors appear to be crucial for adequate innate immune cell function. This overview of the literature suggests that TH metabolism plays an important role in the host defence against infection through the modulation of innate immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H van der Spek
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Geven EJW, Klaren PHM. The teleost head kidney: Integrating thyroid and immune signalling. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:73-83. [PMID: 27387152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The head kidney, analogous to the mammalian adrenal gland, is an organ unique for teleost fish. It comprises cytokine-producing lymphoid cells from the immune system and endocrine cells secreting cortisol, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones. The intimate organization of the immune system and endocrine system in one single organ makes bidirectional signalling between these possible. In this review we explore putative interactions between the thyroid and immune system in the head kidney. We give a short overview of the thyroid system, and consider the evidence for the presence of thyroid follicles in the head kidney as a normal, healthy trait in fishes. From mammalian studies we gather data on the effects of three important pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) on the thyroid system. A general picture that emerges is that pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit the activity of the thyroid system at different targets. Extrapolating from these studies, we suggest that the interaction of the thyroid system by paracrine actions of cytokines in the head kidney is involved in fine-tuning the availability and redistribution of energy substrates during acclimation processes such as an immune response or stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J W Geven
- Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H M Klaren
- Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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49
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Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Cohen N, Chadzinska M. Neuroendocrine-immune interaction: Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that maintain allostasis in an ever-changing environment. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:2-23. [PMID: 27296493 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It has now become accepted that the immune system and neuroendocrine system form an integrated part of our physiology. Immunological defense mechanisms act in concert with physiological processes like growth and reproduction, energy intake and metabolism, as well as neuronal development. Not only are psychological and environmental stressors communicated to the immune system, but also, vice versa, the immune response and adaptation to a current pathogen challenge are communicated to the entire body, including the brain, to evoke adaptive responses (e.g., fever, sickness behavior) that ensure allocation of energy to fight the pathogen. This phenomenon is evolutionarily conserved. Hence it is both interesting and important to consider the evolutionary history of this bi-directional neuroendocrine-immune communication to reveal phylogenetically ancient or relatively recently acquired mechanisms. Indeed, such considerations have already disclosed an extensive "common vocabulary" of information pathways as well as molecules and their receptors used by both the neuroendocrine and immune systems. This review focuses on the principal mechanisms of bi-directional communication and the evidence for evolutionary conservation of the important physiological pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicholas Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland
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50
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Che Rahim MJ, Mohammad N, Wan Ghazali WS. Pyopneumothorax secondary to Streptococcus milleri infection. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-217537. [PMID: 27881590 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 46-year-old Malay woman with underlying hypothyroidism post thyroidectomy who presented with worsening breathlessness, orthopnoea, productive cough and left-sided pleuritic chest pain of 3 days duration. Chest X-ray on admission showed left-sided massive hydropneumothorax. Pleural tapping revealed empyema. A chest tube was inserted immediately. The culture of pleural fluid grew Streptococcus constellatus The patient was treated with antibiotics for a total of 6 weeks and underwent open thoracotomy and decortication during admission. Subsequently, her lung condition improved and there was no evidence of recurrence during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jazman Che Rahim
- Department of Medical, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurashikin Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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