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Suárez LJ, Arce RM, Gonçalves C, Furquim CP, Santos NCD, Retamal-Valdes B, Feres M. Metronidazole may display anti-inflammatory features in periodontitis treatment: A scoping review. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:240-259. [PMID: 38613247 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM Metronidazole (MTZ) is an antimicrobial agent used to treat anaerobic infections. It has been hypothesized that MTZ may also have anti-inflammatory properties, but the evidence is limited and has not been previously reviewed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to answer the following question: "What is the evidence supporting anti-inflammatory properties of metronidazole that are not mediated by its antimicrobial effects?" METHODS A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR statement. Five databases were searched up to January 2023 for studies evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of MTZ used as monotherapy for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases. RESULTS A total of 719 records were identified, and 27 studies (21 in vivo and 6 in vitro) were included. The studies reported experimental evidence of MTZ anti-inflammatory effects on (1) innate immunity (barrier permeability, leukocyte adhesion, immune cell populations), (2) acquired immunity (lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell function, cytokine profile), and (3) wound healing/resolution of inflammation. CONCLUSION Taken together, this scoping review supported a potential anti-inflammatory effect of MTZ in periodontitis treatment. We recommend that future clinical studies should be conducted to evaluate specific MTZ anti-inflammatory pathways in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J Suárez
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves
- Department of Periodontology, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Pinheiro Furquim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nidia Castro Dos Santos
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang Y, Zhu J, Tang Y, Huang C. Association between pulp and periapical disease with type 2 diabetes: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Int Endod J 2024; 57:566-575. [PMID: 38411530 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM This current Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to comprehensively explore the potential bidirectional link between pulp and periapical disease (PAP) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODOLOGY Summary level data of European-based population genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were employed to undertake this MR study. With the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the instrumental variable, the radial inverse-variance weighted (radial IVW) method with modified second-order weights was applied as the primary method. Additionally, a range of sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate pleiotropy. Results from different sources of outcome were pooled by meta-analysis with the fixed model. RESULTS The results of this MR analysis did not suggest a significant impact of pulp and periapical disease on type 2 diabetes (combined OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07, p = .033) and vice versa (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96-1.14, p = .329). No significant pleiotropy was detected in the final model after the removal of outliers, demonstrating the reliability of the results in our primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS With the limitations inherent in the present MR study, there is no significant evidence in either direction to suggest a causal association between pulp and periapical disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiakang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abouelenien SS, Shaker OG, Morsy DA. Cytokine expression of IL-8 before and after root canal treatment in patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis: A clinical trial. AUST ENDOD J 2024; 50:15-23. [PMID: 37818971 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study's objective was to compare the cytokine expression of IL-8 in periapical tissues of single-rooted teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) before and after root canal treatments. As well as, comparing IL-8 levels in peri-apical tissues between vital and necrotic teeth with SAP. METHODOLOGY Thirty-six patients were allocated according to their pulp status into two experimental groups (n = 18) receiving the same treatment protocol; group 1: Vital pulps with SAP, and group 2: non-vital pulps with SAP. Conventional endodontic treatment was done on two visits; isolation and disinfection of the operative field were undertaken, and two-stage access cavity preparation was implemented. The first pre-instrumentation peri-apical sample (S1) was collected prior to cleaning and shaping procedures. A 2.5% NaOCl irrigation was used to thoroughly irrigate the canal after performing root canal preparation utilising the ProTaper Next (PTN) rotary system. After 1 week, the second post-instrumentation peri-apical sample (S2) was collected. Using an ELISA kit, the quantity of IL-8 was evaluated following the collection of all samples. RESULTS In all pre-instrumentation samples, IL-8 was detected (100%). The level of IL-8 expression was significantly decreased from the S1 to S2 of all samples (p < 0.001). The intra-group comparison showed a statistically significant reduction in the level of IL-8 expression between S1 and S2 in both vital and non-vital groups where p < 0.001* in both groups. The inter-group comparison of levels of IL-8 expression (vital and non-vital) revealed a significant difference between both groups regarding the pretreatment sample with the higher levels of IL-8 shown in the non-vital group (p < 0.001). While in the post-treatment sample, both groups showed a significant reduction in the level of IL-8 expression but the difference between them was not statistically significant (p = 0.226). CONCLUSION Root canal instrumentation seems to be efficient in decreasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-8. Further research should clarify how intra-canal medicaments affect inflammatory mediator levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Ahmed Morsy
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Q, Wang L, Sheng L, Zhang B, Jieensi B, Zheng S, Liu Y. Correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 and RANKL/OPG in chronic apical periodontitis model of Sprague-Dawley rats. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00911-7. [PMID: 38528238 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is characterized by inflammation and destruction of the apical periodontium that is of pulpal origin, appearing as an apical radiolucent area, and does not produce clinical symptoms. Little is known about whether the PD-1/PD-L1 ratio is associated with the balance between RANKL and OPG in CAP. The relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 and RANKL/OPG in CAP is investigated in this study. A CAP rat model was established using Sprague-Dawley rats. The pulp chambers were exposed to the oral cavity to allow bacterial contamination. The apical tissues of the bilateral mandibular first molars were analyzed for histological morphology using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to determine the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, OPG, and RANKL mRNA and proteins in periapical tissues and mandibular samples, respectively. The radiological images indicated a poorly defined low-density shadow and alveolar bone resorption after periodontitis induction. Histological analysis revealed an infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar bone resorption in the periapical tissues. Mandibular mRNA and periapical protein expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and RANKL was upregulated 7-28 days after periodontitis induction, while the expression of OPG was downregulated. No significant relationship was observed between PD-1/PD-L1 and RANKL/OPG at either mRNA or protein levels in CAP. There is an increased expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and RANKL and a decreased expression of OPG, indicating progression of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Prevention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No.137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, UrumqiXinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Prevention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No.137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, UrumqiXinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Prevention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No.137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, UrumqiXinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Prevention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No.137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, UrumqiXinjiang, 830000, China
| | | | - Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Prevention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No.137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, UrumqiXinjiang, 830000, China.
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Schulze A, Busse M. Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:319. [PMID: 38399605 PMCID: PMC10890155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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Lillis KV, Grinceviciute R, Diogenes A. Sex-specific nociceptor modulation of the apical periodontitis transcriptome. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1338511. [PMID: 38404963 PMCID: PMC10884291 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1338511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is a painful disease that develops quickly following dental infections and is primarily characterized by robust inflammation surrounding the tissues of the affected tooth, resulting in disruption of bone homeostasis and periradicular bone loss. Moreover, there are distinct clinical presentations, symptoms, and responses to AP treatment between male and female subjects, creating a desperate need to further understand the sex-specific mechanisms of AP. Methods: With the growing evidence that nociceptors modulate AP development, we utilized RNA sequencing in nociceptor-ablated (Nav1.8 cre+/-, diphtheria toxin Alox+/-) transgenic mice to study the nociceptor regulation of the periapical lesion transcriptome using a rodent model of AP in female mice over 14 days. Results: Overall, we found that female mice exhibit unique patterns of differentially expressed genes throughout AP infection compared to male mice and that the expression of these genes is regulated by nociceptors. Additionally, nociceptor ablation results in a more significant enrichment of biological processes related to immune responses earlier compared to cre-control (Nav1.8 cre+/-) females and greater expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes and osteolytic activity. Discussion: Therefore, while nociceptor ablation augments inflammatory and bone resorption responses in both males and females in a mouse model of AP, transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that the mechanisms through which nociceptors modulate AP are distinct between sexes. These studies will provide the foundation needed to study further mechanisms of sex differences in AP, an area with a desperate need for investigation to treat current AP patients. Understanding these mechanisms can ultimately inform treatment options to alleviate suffering for millions of patients suffering from AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Gong Q, Lv X, Liao C, Liang A, Luo C, Wu J, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Tong Z. Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with proteomics of infected macrophages reveals prothymosin-α as a target for treatment of apical periodontitis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00031-6. [PMID: 38237771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is a common infectious disease of the oral cavity. Immune responses and osteoclastogenesis of monocytes/macrophages play a crucial role in CAP progression, and this study want to clarify role of monocytes/macrophages in CAP, which will contribute to treatment of CAP. OBJECTIVES We aim to explore the heterogeneity of monocyte populations in periapical lesion of CAP tissues and healthy control (HC) periodontal tissues by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), search novel targets for alleviating CAP, and further validate it by proteomics and in vitro and in vivo evaluations. METHODS ScRNA-seq was used to analyze the heterogeneity of monocyte populations in CAP, and proteomics of THP-1-derived macrophages with porphyromonas gingivalis infection were intersected with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of macrophages between CAP and HC tissues. The upregulated PTMA (prothymosin-α) were validated by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. We evaluated the effect of thymosin α1 (an amino-terminal proteolytic cleavage product of PTMA protein) on inflammatory factors and osteoclast differentiation of macrophages infected by P. gingivalis. Furthermore, we constructed mouse and rat mandibular bone lesions caused by apical periodontitis, and estimated treatment of systemic and topical administration of PTMA for CAP. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software (v9.2) RESULTS: Monocytes were divided into seven sub-clusters comprising monocyte-macrophage-osteoclast (MMO) differentiation in CAP. 14 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated genes and proteins were intersected between the DEGs of scRNA-seq data and proteomics, including the high expression of PTMA. Thymosin α1 may decrease several inflammatory cytokine expressions and osteoclastogenesis of THP-1-derived macrophages. Both systemic administration in mice and topical administration in the pulp chamber of rats alleviated periapical lesions. CONCLUSIONS PTMA upregulation in CAP moderates the inflammatory response and prevents the osteoclastogenesis of macrophages, which provides a basis for targeted therapeutic strategies for CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Gong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailin Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Sebring D, Kvist T, Lund H, Jonasson P, Lira-Junior R, Norhammar A, Rydén L, Buhlin K. Primary apical periodontitis correlates to elevated levels of interleukin-8 in a Swedish population: A report from the PAROKRANK study. Int Endod J 2024; 57:12-22. [PMID: 38290211 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore associations between root filled teeth, primary and secondary apical periodontitis, and levels of inflammatory markers in blood from patients with a first myocardial infarction and matched controls. METHODOLOGY Between May 2010 and February 2014, 805 patients with a first myocardial infarction and 805 controls, matched for sex, age, and postal code area, were recruited to the multicentre case-control study PAROKRANK (periodontitis and its relation to coronary artery disease). All participants underwent a physical and oral examination, as well as blood sampling. Using panoramic radiography, root filled teeth, primary apical periodontitis, and secondary apical periodontitis were assessed by three independent observers. Blood samples were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the following inflammatory markers: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, tumour necrosis factor-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Additionally, white blood cell count and plasma-fibrinogen were analysed. Associations between endodontic variables and the levels of inflammatory markers were statistically analysed with Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation, adjusted for confounding effects of baseline factors (sex, age, myocardial infarction, current smoking, diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease, education, marital status, and periodontal disease). RESULTS Mean age of the cohort was 62 years, and 81% were males. Root fillings were present in 8.4% of the 39 978 examined teeth and were associated with higher levels of hsCRP, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count, but lower levels of IL-2 and IL-12p70. After adjusting for confounders, root filled teeth remained associated with higher levels of fibrinogen, but lower levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12p70. Primary apical periodontitis was found in 1.2% of non-root filled teeth and associated with higher levels of IL-8 (correlation 0.06, p = .025). Secondary apical periodontitis was found in 29.6% of root filled teeth but did not relate to the levels of any of the inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the notion that inflammation at the periapex is more than a local process and that systemic influences cannot be disregarded. Whether the observed alterations in plasma levels of inflammatory markers have any dismal effects on systemic health is presently unknown but, considering the present results, in demand of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sebring
- Department of Endodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kvist
- Department of Endodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lund
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Norhammar
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, MedS Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Capio S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rydén
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, MedS Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Alexakou E, Bakopoulou A, Apatzidou DA, Kritis A, Malousi A, Anastassiadou V. Biological Effects of "Inflammageing" on Human Oral Cells: Insights into a Potential Confounder of Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:5. [PMID: 38203178 PMCID: PMC10778866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The term "inflammageing" describes the process of inflammation-induced aging that leads living cells to a state of permanent cell cycle arrest due to chronic antigenic irritation. This in vitro study aimed to shed light on the mechanisms of "inflammageing" on human oral cells. METHODS Primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were exposed to variable pro-inflammatory stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from active periodontal pockets of systemically healthy patients. Inflammageing was studied through two experimental models, employing either late-passage ("aged") cells (p. 10) that were exposed to the pro-inflammatory stimuli or early-passage ("young") cells (p. 1) continuously exposed during a period of several passages (up to p. 10) to the above-mentioned stimuli. Cells were evaluated for the expression of beta-galactosidase activity (histochemical staining), senescence-associated genes (qPCR analysis), and biomarkers related to a Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), through proteome profile analysis and bioinformatics. RESULTS A significant increase (p < 0.05) in beta-galactosidase-positive cells was observed after exposure to each pro-inflammatory stimulus. The senescence-associated gene expression included upregulation for CCND1 and downregulation for SUSD6, and STAG1, a profile typical for cellular senescence. Overall, pro-inflammatory priming of late-passage cells caused more pronounced effects in terms of senescence than long-term exposure of early-passage cells to these stimuli. Proteomic analysis showed induction of SASP, evidenced by upregulation of several pro-inflammatory proteins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-16, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, M-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, TNFb, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, TIMP-2) implicated in cellular aging and immune responses. The least potent impact on the induction of SASP was provoked by LPS and the most pronounced by GCF. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that long-term exposure of hGFs to various pro-inflammatory signals induced or accelerated cellular senescence with the most pronounced impact noted for the late-passage cells. The outcome of these analyses provides insights into oral chronic inflammation as a potential confounder of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Alexakou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (V.A.)
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (V.A.)
| | - Danae A. Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology & Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andigoni Malousi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Anastassiadou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (V.A.)
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Tran TT, Lee G, Huh YH, Chung KH, Lee SY, Park KH, Kwon SH, Kook MS, Chun JS, Koh JT, Ryu JH. Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis triggers periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2553-2563. [PMID: 38036731 PMCID: PMC10767058 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases exhibit a significant association with metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia. However, direct evidence supporting this relationship is lacking, and the involvement of cholesterol metabolism in the pathogenesis of periodontitis (PD) has yet to be determined. In this study, we showed that high cholesterol caused periodontal inflammation in mice. Cholesterol homeostasis in human gingival fibroblasts was disrupted by enhanced uptake through C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16), upregulation of cholesterol hydroxylase (CH25H), and the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (an oxysterol metabolite of CH25H). Retinoid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) mediated the transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory mediators; consequently, PD pathogenesis mechanisms, including alveolar bone loss, were stimulated. Our collective data provided direct evidence that hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for PD and supported that inhibition of the CXCL16-CH25H-RORα axis is a potential treatment mechanism for PD as a systemic disorder manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tam Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gyuseok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yun Hyun Huh
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Chung
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ka Hyon Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Kwon
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Kook
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
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11
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Guilherme Neto JL, Rodrigues Venturini LG, Schneider AH, Taira TM, Duffles Rodrigues LF, Veras FP, Oliveira SR, da Silva TA, Cunha FQ, Fukada SY. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Aggravate Apical Periodontitis by Stimulating Osteoclast Formation. J Endod 2023; 49:1514-1521. [PMID: 37619708 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as structures composed of DNA and proteins, such as elastase and myeloperoxidase, that are able to kill bacteria extracellularly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of NETs in bone resorption observed in pulp infection-induced apical periodontitis in mice. METHODS Apical periodontitis was experimentally induced by exposing the dental pulp of the mandibular first molar of mice to the oral microenvironment. The expression of NETs was evaluated by immunofluorescence in mice and biopsies of apical periodontitis. Mice were treated with vehicle or DNase I to degrade NETs, and the samples were collected after 7 days. The size of the apical lesion and the osteoclast number were determined in hematoxylin-eosin- and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections, respectively. Osteoclast differentiation and function markers were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The level of NETs in the serum was determined by the myeloperoxidase-DNA PicoGreen assay. RESULTS We first confirmed the presence of neutrophils and NETs at the site of the lesion in mice and in biopsies of patients with apical periodontitis. The treatment of mice with DNase I reduced the level of NETs in the serum and led to a reduction in apical lesion size and alveolar bone resorption. This effect was associated with a reduction of local inflammatory infiltrate and a reduced number of osteoclasts. We found that the increased expression of Acp5, Ctsk, and Rankl genes associated with osteoclast formation and function were abrogated by the absence of NETs. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight NETs as an important player in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis with regard to the local inflammation and consequent bone resorption after pulp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Guilherme Neto
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Rodrigues Venturini
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaise Mayumi Taira
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Fernanda Duffles Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sicília Rezende Oliveira
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida da Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Lillis KV, Austah O, Grinceviciute R, Garlet GP, Diogenes A. Nociceptors regulate osteoimmune transcriptomic response to infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17601. [PMID: 37845223 PMCID: PMC10579402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmune diseases, such as apical periodontitis, are prevalent, often painful, inflammatory conditions resulting in bone loss and reduced quality of life. There is growing evidence that the nociceptive fibers densely innervating affected tissues regulate disease progression; therefore, we hypothesized that nociceptors regulate the transcriptomic profile of the periapical osteolytic lesion in a mouse model of apical periodontitis. Male control and nociceptor-ablated mice underwent pulp exposures, and after 0, 7, or 14 days, total RNA from periapical tissues was submitted for sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Pulp exposure triggers the differential expression of hundreds of genes over the course of infection. At 14 days post pulp exposure, 422 genes, including Tnf, Il1a, and Il1b, were differentially expressed between nociceptor-ablated and control mice with greater enrichment of biological processes related to inflammation in nociceptor-ablated mice. Nociceptor ablation regulates the transcriptomic profile of periapical lesions in a mouse model of apical periodontitis, shifting the gene expression profile to a greater enrichment of inflammatory genes, suggesting nociceptors play a role in the kinetics of the immune response. This newly uncovered neuro-immune axis and its mechanisms in apical periodontitis can be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of this prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine V Lillis
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Obadah Austah
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruta Grinceviciute
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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13
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Virdee SS, Bashir NZ, Krstic M, Camilleri J, Grant MM, Cooper PR, Tomson PL. Periradicular tissue fluid-derived biomarkers for apical periodontitis: An in vitro methodological and in vivo cross-sectional study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1222-1240. [PMID: 37464545 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periradicular tissue fluid (PTF) offers a source of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for endodontic disease. AIMS (1) To optimize basic parameters for PTF paper point sampling in vitro for subsequent in vivo application. (2) To compare proteomes of PTF from teeth with normal apical tissues (NAT) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) using high-throughput panels. METHODOLOGY (1) To assess volume absorbance, paper points (n = 20) of multiple brands, sizes and sampling durations were inserted into PBS/1%BSA at several depths. Wetted lengths (mm) were measured against standard curves to determine volume absorbance (μL). To assess analyte recovery, paper points (n = 6) loaded with 2 μL recombinant IL-1β (15.6 ng/mL) were eluted into 250 μL: (i) PBS; (ii) PBS/1% BSA; (iii) PBS/0.1% Tween20; (iv) PBS/0.25 M NaCl. These then underwent: (i) vortexing; (ii) vortexing/centrifugation; (iii) centrifugation; (iv) incubation/vortexing/centrifugation. Sandwich-ELISAs determined analyte recovery (%) against positive controls. (2) Using optimized protocols, PTF was retrieved from permanent teeth with NAT or AAP after accessing root canals. Samples, normalized to total fluid volume (TFV), were analysed to determine proteomic profiles (pg/TFV) of NAT and AAP via O-link Target-48 panel. Correlations between AAP and diagnostic accuracy were explored using principal-component analysis (PCA) and area under receive-operating-characteristic curves (AUC [95% CI]), respectively. Statistical comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney U, anova and post hoc Bonferonni tests (α < .01). RESULTS (1) UnoDent's 'Classic' points facilitated maximum volume absorbance (p < .05), with no significant differences after 60 s (1.6 μL [1.30-1.73]), 1 mm depth and up to 40/0.02 (2.2 μL [1.98-2.20]). For elution, vortexing (89.3%) and PBS/1% BSA (86.9%) yielded the largest IL-1β recovery (p < .05). (2) 41 (NAT: 13; AAP: 31) PTF samples proceeded to analysis. The panel detected 18 analytes (CCL-2, -3, -4; CSF-1; CXCL-8, -9; HGF; IL-1β, -6, -17A, -18; MMP-1, -12; OLR-1; OSM; TNFSF-10, -12; VEGF-A) in ≥75% of AAP samples at statistically higher concentrations (p < .01). CXCL-8, IL-1β, OLR-1, OSM and TNFSF-12 were strongly correlated to AAP. 'Excellent' diagnostic performance was observed for TNFSF-12 (AUC: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.86-1.00]) and the PCA-derived cluster (AUC: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.89-1.00]). CONCLUSIONS Optimized PTF sampling parameters were identified in this study. When applied clinically, high-throughput proteomic analyses revealed complex interconnected networks of potential biomarkers. TNFSF-12 discriminated periradicular disease from health the greatest; however, clustering analytes further improved diagnostic accuracy. Additional independent investigations are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satnam S Virdee
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Milan Krstic
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Josette Camilleri
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melissa M Grant
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Phillip L Tomson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Sathyanarayanan K, Ranjana NI, Bhavana M, R M, Sankar A, Mirnalini S. Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis Lesions and Their Association With Systemic Inflammatory Burden: A Preliminary Prospective Clinical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46357. [PMID: 37920638 PMCID: PMC10619333 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the periapical tissues caused by the persistence of a microbial infection within the root canal system of the affected tooth. Clinically, it is symptomatic or asymptomatic depending on several factors such as the type of microorganisms, bacterial load, immunological reaction, and local tissue mediators. Chronic or asymptomatic infections may initiate and modulate intravascular accumulation of inflammatory cells resulting in endothelial dysfunction which subsequently represents a possible systemic inflammatory burden. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between asymptomatic AP and systemic inflammatory burden by assessing the levels of chronic inflammatory cells. Methodology: A total of 25 patients diagnosed with asymptomatic AP who showed a negative response to the pulp sensitivity test with no history of any systemic diseases were included in this preliminary prospective observational study. Blood samples were collected at each phase of the study, and a complete hemogram was carried out. All hematological parameters were recorded before and after root canal therapy and they were analyzed for statistical significance at p <.05 using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results: Evaluation of the mean total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte, and eosinophil cell count showed a significant reduction in the number of cells before and after root canal therapy treatment respectively (p<.05). One-way analysis of variance also revealed statistical significance at p < .05 with a weak positive correlation between the TLC, lymphocyte, and eosinophil count before and after treatment. Conclusion: The present study showed that systemically healthy individuals with asymptomatic AP had increased inflammatory burden in the circulation, and thus, it is essential to identify and quantify the risk associated. It was evident that complete healing of the asymptomatic AP lesions results in an overall reduction of systemic inflammatory cells ultimately reducing the burden and risk of associated systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N I Ranjana
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Mohan Bhavana
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Megavarnan R
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Aravinthan Sankar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvakumar Mirnalini
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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15
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Liu R, Liu S, Wu S, Xia M, Liu W, Wang L, Dong M, Niu W. Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Inhibit Inflammation via microRNA-21. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13873. [PMID: 37762176 PMCID: PMC10531249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is a disease with characteristics of inflammation and bone loss. In this study, our objective was to examine the function of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) obtained from milk in encouraging osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting inflammation by miR-21 in CAP. The expression of miR-21 was detected using qRT-PCR in human CAP samples. The impact of miR-21 on the process of osteogenic differentiation was investigated using CCK-8, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis. The evaluation of RAW 264.7 cell polarization and the assessment of inflammatory factor expression were conducted through qRT-PCR. The influence of sEVs on MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 cells was examined, with a particular emphasis on the involvement of miR-21. In human CAP samples, a decrease in miR-21 expression was observed. MiR-21 increased the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and M2 polarization genes while decreasing the expression of M1 polarization genes and inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with milk-derived sEVs also promoted osteogenesis and M2 polarization while inhibiting M1 polarization and inflammation. Conversely, the addition of miR-21 inhibitors resulted in opposite effects. Our results indicated that sEVs derived from milk had a positive effect on bone formation and activation of anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages and simultaneously reduced inflammation by regulating miR-21 in CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Dong
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Weidong Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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16
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Bapat RA, Libat R, Yuin OS, Parolia A, Ilyas MS, Khan AS, Kay MK, Pichika MR, Saxena K, Seow LL, Sidhu P, Daood U. Antimicrobial FiteBac® K21 promotes antimicrobial Potency and wound healing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19282. [PMID: 37664740 PMCID: PMC10469996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Successful root canal therapy is dependent on the efficacy of complete instrumentation and adequate use of chemical irrigant to eliminate the biofilm from dentin surface. The aim of the study was to examine antibiofilm and antimicrobial effectiveness of newly formulated Quaternary ammonium silane (QAS/also codenamed K21; against Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm on radicular dentin with evaluation of the anti-inflammatory consequence in vivo. Methods Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed after complete hydrolysis of K21 solution. Human teeth were inoculated with biofilms for 7-days followed by treatment with various irrigants. The irrigant groups were Sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl (6%)], Chlorhexidine [CHX (2%)], K21 (0.5%), K21 (1%) and Saline. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for biofilm and resin-dentin penetration. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of biofilms was done to evaluate application of K21. For in vivo evaluation, Albino wistar rats were injected subcutaneously and sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin. Macrophage, M1/M2 expression were evaluated along with molecular simulation. Raman measurements were done on dried biofilms. Results FTIR K21 specimens demonstrated presence of ethanol/silanol groups. Raman band at 1359 cm-1 resemble to -CH2- wagging displaying 29Si atoms in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). 0.5%K21 showed cells exhibiting folded membranes. SEM showed staggering amount of resin tags with 0.5% K21 group. TEM showed membrane disruption in K21-groups. K21 groups were initially irritant, which subsided completely afterwards showing increased CD68. K21 and MMP/collagen complex was thermodynamically favourable. Conclusion K21 root canal irrigant was able to penetrate bacterial wall and can serve as a potential irrigant for therapeutic benefits. Expression of M2 polarized subsets showed K21 can serve in resolving inflammation and potentiate tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rikan Libat
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ong Shu Yuin
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mak Kit Kay
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Tetradis S, Allen MR, Ruggiero SL. Pathophysiology of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw-A Minireview. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10785. [PMID: 37614299 PMCID: PMC10443081 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious adverse effect of antiresorptive medications administered for control of osseous malignancy, osteoporosis, or other bone metabolic diseases. Despite being reported in the literature two decades ago, MRONJ etiology, pathophysiology, and progression remain largely unknown, and current nonoperative or operative treatment strategies are mostly empirical. Several hypotheses that attempt to explain the mechanisms of MRONJ pathogenesis have been proposed. However, none of these hypotheses alone is able to capture the complex mechanistic underpinnings of the disease. In this minireview, we aim to highlight key findings from clinical and translational studies and propose a unifying model for the pathogenesis and progression of MRONJ. We also identify aspects of the disease process that require further investigation and suggest areas for future research efforts toward calibrating methodologic approaches and validating experimental findings. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical SciencesUCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Salvatore L. Ruggiero
- New York Center for Orthognathic and Maxillofacial SurgeryLake SuccessNYUSA
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryStony Brook School of Dental MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryHofstra‐Northwell School of MedicineHempsteadNYUSA
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18
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Lin C, Liu M, Guo J, Jia R. Cryotherapy Attenuates Inflammation via the lncRNA SNHG1/miR-9-5p/NFKB1 Regulatory Axis in Periodontal Ligament Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12097. [PMID: 37569472 PMCID: PMC10418934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryotherapy is a common non-pharmacological method to relieve pain and inflammation. Clinical studies have shown that cryotherapy can reduce postoperative pain after root canal therapy, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which cryotherapy reduces inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated periodontal ligament cells through transcriptome sequencing analysis. We found that cryotherapy significantly reduced the expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and NFKB1 was the key regulator down-regulated by cryotherapy. Importantly, we discovered that lncRNA SNHG1 expression level significantly decreased after cold treatment. SNHG1 expression was positively related to NFKB1 while negatively correlated with miR-9-5p, which formed a novel ceRNA regulatory pathway. Knockdown of SNHG1 significantly reduced the expression of NFKB1, IL1B, and IL6, while overexpression of SNHG1 significantly increased the expression of these genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that cryotherapy can effectively reduce inflammation in LPS-induced periodontal ligament cells by suppressing the lncRNA SNHG1/miR-9-5p/NFKB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (M.L.)
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Joseph S, Carda-Diéguez M, Aduse-Opoku J, Alsam A, Mira A, Curtis M. The Murine Oral Metatranscriptome Reveals Microbial and Host Signatures of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2023; 102:565-573. [PMID: 36883648 PMCID: PMC10152569 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221149675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is accompanied by alterations to cellular profiles and biological activities of both the subgingival microbiome and host tissues. Although significant progress has been made in describing the molecular basis of the homeostatic balance of host-commensal microbe interactions in health compared to the destructive imbalance in disease, particularly with respect to immune and inflammatory systems, few studies have attempted a comprehensive analysis in diverse host models. Here, we describe the development and application of a metatranscriptomic approach to analysis of host-microbe gene transcription in a murine periodontal disease model, based on oral gavage infection using Porphyromonas gingivalis in C57BL6/J mice. We generated 24 metatranscriptomic libraries from individual mouse oral swabs, representing health and disease. On average, 76% ± 11.7% reads in each sample belonged to the murine host genome and the remainder to the microbes. We found 3,468 (2.4% of the total) murine host transcripts differentially expressed between health and disease, of which 76% were overexpressed in periodontitis. Predictably, there were prominent alterations to genes and pathways linked with the host immune compartment in disease-the CD40 signaling pathway being the top enriched biological process in this data set. However, in addition, we observed significant alterations to other biological processes in disease, particularly cellular/metabolic processes and biological regulation. The number of differentially expressed microbial genes particularly indicated shifts in carbon metabolism pathways in disease with potential consequences for metabolic end-product formation. Together, these metatranscriptome data reveal marked changes between the gene expression patterns in both the murine host and microbiota, which may represent signatures of health and disease, providing the basis for future functional studies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular responses in periodontal disease. In addition, the noninvasive protocol developed in this study will enable further longitudinal and interventionist studies of host-microbe gene expression networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Joseph
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Carda-Diéguez
- Oral Microbiome Lab, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Aduse-Opoku
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A. Alsam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A. Mira
- Oral Microbiome Lab, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M.A. Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Zarrough AE, Hasturk H, Stephens DN, Van Dyke TE, Kantarci A. Resolvin D1 modulates periodontal ligament fibroblast function. J Periodontol 2023; 94:683-693. [PMID: 36416879 PMCID: PMC10354588 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resolution of inflammation is an active process mediated by specialized lipid mediators called lipoxins and resolvins. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play a significant role in periodontal regeneration. The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on human PDLF cell wound healing and proliferation, receptor expression (G-protein-coupled receptor 32 [GPR32] and formyl peptide receptor 2 [ALX/FPR2]), and cytokine expression and release. METHODS PDLFs were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (500 pg/ml) with and without RvD1 (100 nM). RvD1 receptor expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Wound closure was measured by a scratch assay, and proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 (MMP-1, -2, and -3), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and -2), prostaglandin E2, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression and production were measured using qPCR and Western blotting, multiplex immunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PDLF expressed GPR32 and ALX/FPR2. RvD1 reversed IL-1β-induced inhibition of wound healing and proliferation of PDLF. IL-1β also induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs. This effect was reversed by RvD1. RvD1 reversed IL-1β-induced inhibition of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and OPG. CONCLUSION The data suggested that RvD1 has a pro-wound healing, proliferative, and anti-inflammatory impact on the PDLF that favors periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Zarrough
- Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle N. Stephens
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Kendlbacher FL, Bloch S, Hager‐Mair FF, Bacher J, Janesch B, Thurnheer T, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Multispecies biofilm behavior and host interaction support the association of Tannerella serpentiformis with periodontal health. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:115-133. [PMID: 35964247 PMCID: PMC10947601 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified bacterium Tannerella serpentiformis is the closest phylogenetic relative of Tannerella forsythia, whose presence in oral biofilms is associated with periodontitis. Conversely, T. serpentiformis is considered health-associated. This discrepancy was investigated in a comparative study of the two Tannerella species. The biofilm behavior was analyzed upon their addition and of Porphyromonas gingivalis-each bacterium separately or in combinations-to an in vitro five-species oral model biofilm. Biofilm composition and architecture was analyzed quantitatively using real-time PCR and qualitatively by fluorescence in situ hybridization/confocal laser scanning microscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of T. serpentiformis led to a decrease of the total cell number of biofilm bacteria, while P. gingivalis was growth-promoting. This effect was mitigated by T. serpentiformis when added to the biofilm together with P. gingivalis. Notably, T. serpentiformis outcompeted T. forsythia numbers when the two species were simultaneously added to the biofilm compared to biofilms containing T. forsythia alone. Tannerella serpentiformis appeared evenly distributed throughout the multispecies biofilm, while T. forsythia was surface-located. Adhesion and invasion assays revealed that T. serpentiformis was significantly less effective in invading human gingival epithelial cells than T. forsythia. Furthermore, compared to T. forsythia, a higher immunostimulatory potential of human gingival fibroblasts and macrophages was revealed for T. serpentiformis, based on mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory mediators interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor α, and production of the corresponding proteins. Collectively, these data support the potential of T. serpentiformis to interfere with biological processes relevant to the establishment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian L. Kendlbacher
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Susanne Bloch
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Fiona F. Hager‐Mair
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Johanna Bacher
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive DentistryDivision of Clinical Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyCenter of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
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Silva PHF, Oliveira LFF, Cardoso RS, Santana SI, Casarin RC, Ervolino E, Salvador SL, Palioto DB, Furlaneto FAC, Messora MR. Effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis in rats. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:158-170. [PMID: 36495122 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: control, C-HD100 (B. bacteriovorus), EP, and EP-HD100. On day 0, EP was induced by the placement of cotton ligatures around the mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the EP and EP-HD100 groups. In the C-HD100 and EP-HD100 groups, suspensions containing 1 × 109 PUF/ml of B. bacteriovorus HD100 were topically administered to the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 14. Morphometrics analyses were performed in hemimandibles. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-10, IL-1β, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and regulated on activation and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzymatic immunoassays in gingival tissues. Beta defensin (BD)-1, BD-2, and BD-3, Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4, and a cluster of differentiation (CD)-4, CD-8 and CD-57 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in hemimandibles. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The EP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than EP-HD100 (p < .05). The EP-HD100 group showed higher levels of MCP-1, RANTES, IL-10, and TGF-β, lower levels of TNF-α than the EP group (p < .05). No differences were observed in IL-1β, IL-6, and M-CSF levels between EP and EP-HD100 groups. The C-HD100 group had higher IL-6, TNF-α, RANTES, and MCP-1 levels than the control group (p < .05). Regarding BD, the EP-HD100 group showed a larger immunolabeling pattern for BD-1, BD-2, and BD-3 than the EP group (p < .05). No significant differences in the immunolabeling pattern were observed for TLR-2, TLR-4, CD-4, CD-8, and CD-57 between EP and EP-HD100 groups. CONCLUSION The topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 reduces alveolar bone loss, increases expression of BD, and modulates the cytokines levels on periodontal tissues in rats with EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Felix Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferreira Oliveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Silva Cardoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Isaias Santana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Correa Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Dental School of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fan Y, Lyu P, Bi R, Cui C, Xu R, Rosen CJ, Yuan Q, Zhou C. Creating an atlas of the bone microenvironment during oral inflammatory-related bone disease using single-cell profiling. eLife 2023; 12:82537. [PMID: 36722472 PMCID: PMC9925051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral inflammatory diseases such as apical periodontitis are common bacterial infectious diseases that may affect the periapical alveolar bone tissues. A protective process occurs simultaneously with the inflammatory tissue destruction, in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a primary role. However, a systematic and precise description of the cellular and molecular composition of the microenvironment of bone affected by inflammation is lacking. In this study, we created a single-cell atlas of cell populations that compose alveolar bone in healthy and inflammatory disease states. We investigated changes in expression frequency and patterns related to apical periodontitis, as well as the interactions between MSCs and immunocytes. Our results highlight an enhanced self-supporting network and osteogenic potential within MSCs during apical periodontitis-associated inflammation. MSCs not only differentiated toward osteoblast lineage cells but also expressed higher levels of osteogenic-related markers, including Sparc and Col1a1. This was confirmed by lineage tracing in transgenic mouse models and human samples from oral inflammatory-related alveolar bone lesions. In summary, the current study provides an in-depth description of the microenvironment of MSCs and immunocytes in both healthy and disease states. We also identified key apical periodontitis-associated MSC subclusters and their biomarkers, which could further our understanding of the protective process and the underlying mechanisms of oral inflammatory-related bone disease. Taken together, these results enhance our understanding of heterogeneity and cellular interactions of alveolar bone cells under pathogenic and inflammatory conditions. We provide these data as a tool for investigators not only to better appreciate the repertoire of progenitors that are stress responsive but importantly to help design new therapeutic targets to restore bone lesions caused by apical periodontitis and other inflammatory-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ruiye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen Cui
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | | | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Cl-amidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts via the JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2 signalling pathways. Hum Cell 2023; 36:223-233. [PMID: 36352311 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cl-amidine has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of diseases. However, the role of Cl-amidine in periodontal disease remains unclear. Here, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Cl-amidine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The cytotoxic effect of Cl-amidine was measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The protein levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in culture supernatants were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, TLR4 and MyD88 were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The expression patterns of IL-6, TNF-ɑ, and IL-1β in HGFs were tested with western blot. The levels of NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2 pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to examine the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Moreover, a rat gingivitis model was established to further clarify the role of Cl-amidine. Our results showed that Cl-amidine suppressed LPS-induced gingival inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Cl-amidine inhibited LPS-induced MyD88 expression, NF-κB activation, and JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, Cl-amidine upregulated Nrf2 and Ho-1 expression both with and without LPS stimulation but did not alter ROS levels or Keap1 expression. Overall, our data suggest that Cl-amidine acts as an inhibitor of LPS-induced gingival inflammation via the JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2 signalling pathways.
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Tumer H, Orhan K, Aksoy S, Berberoglu A. Cone-beam-computed tomography evaluation of mandibular nutrient canals in patients with periodontal diseases. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:59-64. [PMID: 36751825 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_210_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically the prevalence of mandibular nutrient canals (NCs) in patients with/without periodontal bone loss with aging and to correlate the number of NCs with the severity of bone loss using cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT). Patients and Methods CBCT examinations of 208 patients were evaluated retrospectively of all patients, 114 had periodontal bone loss, whereas 94 patients were control subjects. Alveolar bone loss investigations were performed according to the Progressive Rate Index. Results NCs were observed in 55% of the control group and 86% of the periodontitis patients. NCs were more prevalent in the elderly age group with periodontal bone loss. In the study group, the NCs were statistically more frequent than in the control subjects (P > 0.05). Conclusion Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the age groups and the prevalence of NCs increased in patients with periodontal alveolar bone loss with aging (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tumer
- Department of Periodontology, Final International University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - K Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, University of Ankara, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Aksoy
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Near East University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - A Berberoglu
- Department of Periodontology, Ada Kent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Wei W, Li J, Liu X, Pan W, Wang M, Li J, Yue Y, Hao L. Inhibition of RGS10 Aggravates Periapical Periodontitis via Upregulation of the NF-κB Pathway. J Endod 2022; 48:1308-1318.e5. [PMID: 36041584 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical periodontitis develops due to the interplay between root canal microorganisms and host defenses. The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of periapical periodontitis remains unclear. Regulator of G protein signaling protein 10 (RGS10) has been suggested to play a role in regulating inflammation. This study explored the potential regulatory effects of RGS10 on periapical periodontitis and the pro-inflammatory pathway of NF-κB. METHODS Disease models of periapical inflammation in mice were established, and adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) was used to inhibit RGS10 expression. Periapical lesions were detected using microcomputed tomography. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme activity staining of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and immunohistochemistry were conducted to assess the role of RGS10 expression on NF-κB pro-inflammatory signaling, OPG, RANKL, and osteoclasts in the periapical regions of each group. TNFα was used to stimulate L929 cells alone or with small interfering RNA (siRNA). To assess the expression of associated molecules, WB, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and ELISA were performed. RESULTS RGS10 inhibition increased alveolar bone destruction in periapical periodontitis lesions and substantially enhanced the NF-κB pro-inflammatory signaling pathway activation level. Furthermore, RGS10 inhibition upregulated the ratio of OPG/RANKL and the maturation of osteoclasts during alveolar bone resorption. L929 cell TNFα stimulation and siRNA transfection confirmed these in vivo results. CONCLUSION RGS10 negatively regulates NF-κB pro-inflammatory signaling in periapical periodontitis and participates in bone remodeling. Therefore, RGS10 is a promising treatment option for long-term chronic periapical inflammation and may be a new target for the artificial regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinle Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Al‐Shibani N, Al‐Kattan R, Alssum L, Allam E. Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:906-911. [PMID: 35384365 PMCID: PMC9382046 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ginger, the powdered rhizome of the herb Zingiber officinale, is commonly used as a traditional medicine in many areas around the world. Anti-inflammatory actions of its extract have been previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger extract on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and interleukin (IL) expression from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS HGFs were obtained from subcultures of biopsies from clinically healthy gingival tissues of 10 patients. Ginger extract was prepared from commercial powder of rhizome of Z. officinale (GZO) and its effect on cell viability was assessed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay. Cells were then incubated and treated (except for the control samples) with either GZO, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and GZO before or after LPS stimulation. Culture supernatants of all five samples were collected for the Milliplex analysis to measure MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-1β, and IL-8. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range tests were used to compare the mean values of all groups. RESULTS The gingerextract showed minimal cytotoxicity to HGFs even with the maximum tested concentration. Compared to the control group, GZO treatment alone caused little or no effect on the levels of expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-1β, and IL-8. While GZO treatment after LPS stimulation significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-8 when compared to LPS alone. Comparing the control to LPS stimulation after GZO treatment, significant differences were detected for all tested MMPs and cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a potential role for ginger extract in inhibiting MMP and IL HGFs' expression in inflamed gingival tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Al‐Shibani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of DentistryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al‐Kattan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of DentistryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Alssum
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of DentistryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Eman Allam
- Oral and Dental Research DivisionNational Research CentreCairoEgypt
- European University CollegeDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
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Shiezadeh F, Azami N, Arab HR, Rezaee SAR, Moeintaghavi A, Banihashemrad A. Evaluation of Neutrophilic Receptors; CXCL8 and CXCR2 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Compared to Healthy Subjects by Real Time PCR Method. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2202241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of CXCL8 and its receptor (CXCR2) in gingival tissue neutrophils from patients with chronic periodontitis compared to periodontal healthy subjects using Real Time PCR method.
Methods:
The test group consisted of 21 patients with chronic periodontitis and the control group consisted of 18 healthy individuals. In both groups, gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery.CXCL8 and CXCR2 RNA in tissue samples were examined by PCR method, and then the levels of genes expression were measured. Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for statistical analysis.
Results:
CXCL8 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.028). CXCR2 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.043). In both test and control groups, there was a negative correlation between CXCL8 and CXCR2 gene expression. This correlation was statistically significant in the test group (p=0.001), but there was no significant correlation in the control group (p=0.431).
Conclusion:
The results of this present study suggested that the level of gene expression for CXCL8 was greater in patients with chronic periodontitis and CXCR2 was greater in healthy individuals. Although in people with chronic periodontitis, CXCR2 decreases slightly as CXCL8 levels increase.
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Bittner A, Schlicht K, Mekhemar M, Enthammer K, Höppner M, Es-Souni M, Schulz J, Laudes M, Graetz C, Dörfer CE, Schulte DM. Ascorbic Acid/Retinol and/or Inflammatory Stimuli's Effect on Proliferation/Differentiation Properties and Transcriptomics of Gingival Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123310. [PMID: 34943818 PMCID: PMC8699152 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of ascorbic-acid (AA)/retinol and timed inflammation on the stemness, the regenerative potential, and the transcriptomics profile of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' (G-MSCs). STRO-1 (mesenchymal stem cell marker) immuno-magnetically sorted G-MSCs were cultured in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with IL-1β (1 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (100 ng/mL, inflammatory-medium), in basic medium with AA (250 µmol/L) and retinol (20 µmol/L) (AA/retinol group) or in inflammatory medium with AA/retinol (inflammatory/AA/retinol group; n = 5/group). The intracellular levels of phosphorylated and total β-Catenin at 1 h, the expression of stemness genes over 7 days, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) as well as the cellular proliferation aptitude over 14 days, and the G-MSCs' multilineage differentiation potential were assessed. Next-generation sequencing was undertaken to elaborate on up-/downregulated genes and altered intracellular pathways. G-MSCs demonstrated all mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells characteristics. Controlled inflammation with AA/retinol significantly elevated NANOG (p < 0.05). The AA/retinol-mediated reduction in intracellular phosphorylated β-Catenin was restored through the effect of controlled inflammation (p < 0.05). Cellular proliferation was highest in the AA/retinol group (p < 0.05). AA/retinol counteracted the inflammation-mediated reduction in G-MSCs' clonogenic ability and CFUs. Amplified chondrogenic differentiation was observed in the inflammatory/AA/retinol group. At 1 and 3 days, the differentially expressed genes were associated with development, proliferation, and migration (FOS, EGR1, SGK1, CXCL5, SIPA1L2, TFPI2, KRATP1-5), survival (EGR1, SGK1, TMEM132A), differentiation and mineral absorption (FOS, EGR1, MT1E, KRTAP1-5, ASNS, PSAT1), inflammation and MHC-II antigen processing (PER1, CTSS, CD74) and intracellular pathway activation (FKBP5, ZNF404). Less as well as more genes were activated the longer the G-MSCs remained in the inflammatory medium or AA/retinol, respectively. Combined, current results point at possibly interesting interactions between controlled inflammation or AA/retinol affecting stemness, proliferation, and differentiation attributes of G-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
- Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Amira Bittner
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Kim Enthammer
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Höppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Martha Es-Souni
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Juliane Schulz
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (M.M.); (C.G.); (C.E.D.)
| | - Dominik M. Schulte
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24104 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.L.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Altaie AM, Venkatachalam T, Samaranayake LP, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals the Microenvironment of Common T-Helper Cells and Differential Immune Cells Linked to Unique Periapical Lesions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707267. [PMID: 34539639 PMCID: PMC8446658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical abscesses, radicular cysts, and periapical granulomas are the most frequently identified pathological lesions in the alveolar bone. While little is known about the initiation and progression of these conditions, the metabolic environment and the related immunological behaviors were examined for the first time to model the development of each pathological condition. Metabolites were extracted from each lesion and profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with healthy pulp tissue. The metabolites were clustered and linked to their related immune cell fractions. Clusters I and J in the periapical abscess upregulated the expression of MMP-9, IL-8, CYP4F3, and VEGF, while clusters L and M were related to lipophagy and apoptosis in radicular cyst, and cluster P in periapical granuloma, which contains L-(+)-lactic acid and ethylene glycol, was related to granuloma formation. Oleic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-nonadecene, and L-(+)-lactic acid were significantly the highest unique metabolites in healthy pulp tissue, periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma, respectively. The correlated enriched metabolic pathways were identified, and the related active genes were predicted. Glutamatergic synapse (16–20),-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, lipophagy, and retinoid X receptor coupled with vitamin D receptor were the most significantly enriched pathways in healthy control, abscess, cyst, and granuloma, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, significant upregulation in the gene expression of CYP4F3, VEGF, IL-8, TLR2 (P < 0.0001), and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) was found in the abscesses. While IL-12A was significantly upregulated in cysts (P < 0.01), IL-17A represents the highest significantly upregulated gene in granulomas (P < 0.0001). From the predicted active genes, CIBERSORT suggested the presence of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in different proportions. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-17D genes were shown to be associated with periapical lesions and other oral lesions. Collectively, the unique metabolism and related immune response shape up an environment that initiates and maintains the existence and progression of these oral lesions, suggesting an important role in diagnosis and effective targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lakshman P Samaranayake
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Sarfaraz D, Karimian M, Farmohammadi A, Yaghini J. The -592C>A Variation of IL-10 Gene and Susceptibility to Chronic Periodontitis: A Genetic Association Study and In-Silico Analysis. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:378-387. [PMID: 34547455 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory disorder with a considerable impact of genetic variations in the interleukin family on predisposition to this disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between the -592C>A polymorphism of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene with CP risk in an Iranian population. This experimental study was followed by a meta-analysis and in silico examination. METHODS In a case-control study, 270 subjects, including 135 patients with CP and 135 healthy controls, were enrolled. The -592C>A genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. In the meta-analysis, valid databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to examine the association between -592C>A and CP. In silico analysis was conducted using bioinformatics tools to evaluate the impact of the -592C>A polymorphism on IL-10 gene function. RESULTS Our case-control study revealed a significant association between polymorphism and CP risk. Overall, we found significant associations between -592C>A genetic variation and CP and stratified meta-analysis. In silico analysis revealed that this polymorphism could change the pattern of the transcription binding site upstream of the IL-10 gene. It may also alter the hsa-miR-101-3p miRNA-targeted sequence upstream of IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, the -592C>A variation in IL-10 may be a genetic risk factor for susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. However, further studies in different ethnicities and results adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics are needed to obtain more accurate deductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorna Sarfaraz
- Department of Periodontology, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Amir Farmohammadi
- Department of Periodontology, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaber Yaghini
- Department of Periodontology, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Das S, Dey TK, De A, Banerjee A, Chakraborty S, Das B, Mukhopadhyay AK, Mukherjee B, Samanta A. Antimicrobial loaded gum odina - gelatin based biomimetic spongy scaffold for accelerated wound healing with complete cutaneous texture. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120892. [PMID: 34274455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic activity of gum odina and gelatin based biomimetic scaffold which was previously established as an excellent wound dressing material. In the accelerated stability study, the changes in physicochemical properties were found to be negligible. The cytotoxicity studies were carried out in-vitro and the results showed that upto 90% of the cells remained viable in presence of the scaffold, confirming its biocompatibility. Moreover, results depicted the superior ability of the scaffold to promote cutaneous healing by increasing the rate of wound contraction (about 98%), granulation formation, collagen deposition and formation of an intact epidermis within 18 days. A satisfactory amount of hydroxyproline (240.2 ± 6.67 μg/100 mg tissue) in scaffold treated groups at 21 days ensured the significant deposition of collagen to re-epithelialization. Further it can be hypothesized that the controlled levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) to diminish the oxidative stress in the wounded sites were due to the innate antioxidant properties of both blank and drug loaded scaffold. These results strongly indicated that the prepared scaffolds have strong potential for biomedical applications and it may serve as promising candidate for the next generation of wound treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Das
- Division of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tanmoy Kumar Dey
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Arnab De
- Division of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anurag Banerjee
- Division of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Samrat Chakraborty
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Division of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Daood U, Bapat RA, Sidhu P, Ilyas MS, Khan AS, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Nagendrababu V, Peters OA. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of k21-E in root canal disinfection. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1511-1528. [PMID: 34420798 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current project was to study the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly developed irrigant, k21/E against E. faecalis biofilm. METHODS Root canals were instrumented and randomly divided into the following groups: irrigation with saline, 6% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), 6% NaOCl+2% CHX (Chlorhexidine), 2% CHX, 0.5% k21/E (k21 - quaternary ammonium silane) and 1% k21/E. E. faecalis were grown (3-days) (1×107CFU mL-1), treated, and further cultured for 11-days. Specimens were subjected to SEM, confocal and Raman analysis and macrophage vesicles characterized along with effect of lipopolysaccharide treatment. 3T3 mouse-fibroblasts were cultured for alizarin-red with Sortase-A active sites and Schrödinger docking was performed. TEM analysis of root dentin substrate with matrix metalloproteinases profilometry was also included. A cytotoxic test analysis for cell viability was measured by absorbance of human dental pulp cells after exposure to different irrigant solutions for 24h. The test percentages have been highlighted in Table 1. RESULTS Among experimental groups, irrigation with 0.5% k21/E showed phase separation revealing significant bacterial reduction and lower phenylalanine 1003cm-1 and Amide III 1245cm-1 intensities. Damage was observed on bacterial cell membrane after use of k21/E. No difference in exosomes distribution between control and 0.5%k21/E was observed with less TNFα (*p<0.05) and preferential binding of SrtA. TEM images demonstrated integrated collagen fibers in control and 0.5%k21/E specimens and inner bacterial membrane damage after k21/E treatment. The k21 groups appeared to be biocompatible to the dental pulpal cells grown for 24h. SIGNIFICANCE Current investigations highlight potential advantages of 0.5% k21/E as irrigation solution for root canal disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sharjeel Ilyas
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia; Department of Endodontics, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Jung JI, Kim S, Baek SM, Choi SI, Kim GH, Imm JY. Ecklonia cava Extract Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Chronic Periodontitis Animal Model by Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071656. [PMID: 34359526 PMCID: PMC8304037 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from brown algae Ecklonia cava was analyzed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1), the most abundant cells in gingival tissue. The gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 were decreased by 78 and 50%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) treatment. The gene expressions of matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2 and MMP-8) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha and stromal cell-derived factor 1) were also significantly down-regulated by ECE treatment (p < 0.05). The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HGF-1 cells by LPS stimulation was decreased by 30% at 100 μg/mL ECE treatment. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal activated by ROS were suppressed by ECE in a dose-dependent manner. ECE treatment (400 mg/kg, 8 weeks) significantly improved alveolar bone resorption in the ligature-induced chronic periodontitis rat model. ECE supplementation also lowered elevated mRNA expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival tissue (p < 0.05). Therefore, ECE mitigated gingival tissue destruction and bone resorption associated with chronic periodontitis condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Jung
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.-I.J.); (S.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Seonyoung Kim
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.-I.J.); (S.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Seung-Min Baek
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.-I.J.); (S.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Soo-Im Choi
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-I.C.); (G.-H.K.)
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-I.C.); (G.-H.K.)
| | - Jee-Young Imm
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.-I.J.); (S.K.); (S.-M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-2526-1219
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Kavarthapu A, Gurumoorthy K. Linking chronic periodontitis and oral cancer: A review. Oral Oncol 2021; 121:105375. [PMID: 34140233 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to survey the accessible writing on the pathogenetic systems engaged with the relationship between oral malignancy and periodontitis. Gingival tissue contains multiple microbiota, which can induce inflammatory reactions. This reaction plays a crucial role in assessing the susceptibility of patients to periodontal diseases. The link between chronic periodontitis and the risk of malignancy through this inflammation of the affected epithelium have been studied thoroughly. Many studies have reported that, chronic periodontitis has systemic influence which has high risk of developing different types of cancers. Also, various confounding factors such as consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet, age and gender have been found to be associated with both chronic periodontitis and oral cancer. An online quest for a wide range of articles distributed was started utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed, with the keywords, for example, 'oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)', 'oral microbiota,' 'microorganisms and malignancy and Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review aimed to study the current literature linking chronic periodontitis and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kavarthapu
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences. Chennai, India.
| | - Kaarthikeyan Gurumoorthy
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences. Chennai, India.
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CTHRC1 Knockdown Promotes Inflammatory Responses Partially by p38 MAPK Activation in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Inflammation 2021; 44:1831-1842. [PMID: 33846931 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), a secreted glycoprotein, is widely expressed in many tissues. It has been recently defined as a novel marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic inflammatory disorder. However, the precise role of CTHRC1 in other chronic inflammatory diseases, like periodontal disease, remains unclear. This research aimed to explore the presence of CTHRC1 in periodontal inflammation, determine the precise role in inflammatory response modulation in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and explore its underlying mechanisms. In vivo gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingivae were obtained from healthy people and chronic periodontitis patients. Maxillary tissues of mice with or without ligature-induced periodontitis were immunostained for CTHRC1. In vitro human PDLCs were treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to mimic the inflammatory environment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence CTHRC1. SB203580 was used to inhibit the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CTHRC1 was highly expressed in GCF and gingival tissues of periodontitis patients. Animal models also revealed the same tendency. CTHRC1 knockdown promoted inflammatory cytokine production and activated the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in PDLCs. Inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway partially attenuated the inflammatory responses. This study revealed that CTHRC1 was highly expressed in periodontitis and suggested that CTHRC1 might play an important role in modulating periodontal inflammation.
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Ali M, Yang F, Plachokova AS, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. Application of specialized pro-resolving mediators in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a review. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12759. [PMID: 33565133 PMCID: PMC7986752 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaling and root planning is a key element in the mechanical therapy used for the eradication of biofilm, which is the major etiological factor for periodontitis and peri‐implantitis. However, periodontitis is also a host mediated disease, therefore, removal of the biofilm without adjunctive therapy may not achieve the desired clinical outcome due to persistent activation of the innate and adaptive immune cells. Most recently, even the resident cells of the periodontium, including periodontal ligament fibroblasts, have been shown to produce several inflammatory factors in response to bacterial challenge. With increased understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontitis, more research is focusing on opposing excessive inflammation with specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs). This review article covers the major limitations of current standards of care for periodontitis and peri‐implantitis, and it highlights recent advances and prospects of SPMs in the context of tissue reconstruction and regeneration. Here, we focus primarily on the role of SPMs in restoring tissue homeostasis after periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Ali
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adelina S Plachokova
- Department of Dentistry, Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X Frank Walboomers
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Polanco XBJ, Bertasso AS, Silveira HA, Yamamoto de Almeida L, Almeida LKY, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, de Rossi A, Nelson-Filho P, León JE. IgG4-positive plasma cells are more often detected in chronic periapical lesions arising from permanent rather than primary teeth. Int Endod J 2021; 54:682-692. [PMID: 33300172 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize plasma cell subsets in chronic periapical lesions affecting permanent and primary teeth. METHODOLOGY Only chronic periapical lesions without root canal treatment were selected. Twenty-one radicular cysts and 7 periapical granulomas affecting permanent teeth and 19 radicular cysts and 4 periapical granulomas affecting primary teeth were assessed for immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain (kappa and lambda), Ig heavy chain (IgG, IgG4, IgA, IgM and IgD) and plasma cell immunohistochemical markers (MUM1/IRF4, EMA and CD138). The data acquired were analysed by Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test and Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS All cases were polyclonal (having similar kappa/lambda light chain ratios). IgG was most abundant compared to other Ig heavy chains (all, P < 0.001); like Ig light chains, but unlike IgA, there was greater expression of IgG in the primary compared to the permanent dentition, for both radicular cysts (P < 0.001) and periapical granulomas (P = 0.53). Notably, IgG4 expression was greater in the permanent than the primary dentition, for both radicular cyst (P < 0.05) and periapical granuloma (P = 0.65). IgM and IgD expression was scarce and variable, whereas plasma cell populations were detected efficiently through EMA, CD138 and MUM1/IRF4 markers, the latter being more sensitive in both dentitions. CONCLUSIONS There were slight variations in the Ig light and heavy chain profiles in chronic periapical lesions when comparing the permanent and primary dentitions. The ability of IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration to modulate inflammatory responses in chronic periapical lesions arising from permanent as opposed to primary teeth should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B J Polanco
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Bertasso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - H A Silveira
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L Yamamoto de Almeida
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - L K Y Almeida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R A B da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L A B da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A de Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J E León
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 regulation by bacteria and mechanical forces in periodontium. Ann Anat 2020; 234:151648. [PMID: 33221386 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expressions of CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 in periodontal cells and tissues in response to microbial signals and/or biomechanical forces. METHODS Human gingival biopsies from inflamed and healthy sites were used to examine the chemokine expressions and protein levels by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The chemokines were also investigated in gingival biopsies from rats submitted to experimental periodontitis and/or tooth movement. Furthermore, chemokine levels were determined in human periodontal fibroblasts stimulated by the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or constant tensile forces (CTS) by real-time PCR and ELISA. Additionally, gene expressions were evaluated in periodontal fibroblasts exposed to F. nucleatum and/or CTS in the presence and absence of a MAPK inhibitor by real-time PCR. RESULTS Increased CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 levels were observed in human and rat gingiva from sites of inflammation as compared with periodontal health. The rat experimental periodontitis caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in alveolar bone resorption, which was further enhanced when combined with tooth movement. In vitro, F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 at 1 day. Once the cells were exposed simultaneously to F. nucleatum and CTS, the chemokines regulation was significantly enhanced. The transcriptional findings were also observed at protein level. Pre-incubation with the MEK1/2 inhibitor significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the stimulatory actions of F. nucleatum either alone or in combination with CTS on the expression levels of CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 at 1d. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide original evidence that biomechanical strain further increases the stimulatory actions of periodontal bacteria on the expressions of these chemokines. Therefore, biomechanical loading in combination with periodontal infection may lead to stronger recruitment of immunoinflammatory cells to the periodontium, which might result in an aggravation of periodontal inflammation and destruction.
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Photosensitizers attenuate LPS-induced inflammation: implications in dentistry and general health. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:913-926. [PMID: 33150475 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a complementary therapeutic modality for periodontal and endodontic diseases, in which Gram-negative bacteria are directly involved. Currently, there are few evidences regarding the effects of aPDT on bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and it would represent a major step forward in the clinical use of this therapy. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different photosensitizers (PSs) used in aPDT in LPS inhibition. Four PSs were used in this study: methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue (TBO), new methylene blue (NMB), and curcumin (CUR). Different approaches to evaluate LPS interaction with PSs were used, such as spectrophotometry, Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, functional assays using mouse macrophages, and an in vivo model of LPS injection. Spectrophotometry showed that LPS decreased the absorbance of all PSs used, indicating interactions between the two species. LAL assay revealed significant differences in LPS concentrations upon pre-incubation with the different PSs. Interestingly, the inflammatory potential of LPS decreased after previous treatment with the four PSs, resulting in decreased secretion of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. In vivo, pre-incubating curcumin with LPS prevented animals from undergoing septic shock within the established time. Using relevant models to study the inflammatory activity of LPS, we found that all PSs used in this work decreased LPS-induced inflammation, with a more striking effect observed for NMB and curcumin. These data advance the understanding of the mechanisms of LPS inhibition by PSs.
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Defining Metaniches in the Oral Cavity According to Their Microbial Composition and Cytokine Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218218. [PMID: 33153049 PMCID: PMC7663680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiota consists of over 700 widespread taxa colonizing the oral cavity in several anatomically diverse oral niches. Lately, sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes has become an acknowledged, culture-independent method to characterize the oral microbiota. However, only a small amount of data are available concerning microbial differences between oral niches in periodontal health and disease. In the context of periodontitis, the cytokine expression in the gingival crevicular fluid has been studied in detail, whereas little is known about the cytokine profile in hard and soft tissue biofilms. In order to characterize oral niches in periodontal health, the oral microbiota and cytokine pattern were analyzed at seven different sites (plaque (P), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva (S), tongue (T), hard palate (HP), cheek (C) and sublingual area (U)) of 20 young adults using next-generation sequencing and multiplex immunoassays. Site-specific microbial compositions were detected, which clustered into three distinct metaniches ("P-GCF", "S-T-HP" and "C-U") and were associated with niche-/metaniche-specific cytokine profiles. Our findings allow the definition of distinct metaniches according to their microbial composition, partly reflected by their cytokine profile, and provide new insights into microenvironmental similarities between anatomical diverse oral niches.
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Matos AO, de Almeida AB, Beline T, Tonon CC, Casarin RCV, Windsor LJ, Duarte S, Nociti FH, Rangel EC, Gregory RL, Barão VAR. Synthesis of multifunctional chlorhexidine-doped thin films for titanium-based implant materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111289. [PMID: 32919650 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to create bio-functional chlorhexidine (CHX)-doped thin films on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) discs using the glow discharge plasma approach. Different plasma deposition times (50, 35 and 20 min) were used to create bio-functional surfaces based on silicon films with CHX that were compared to the control groups [no CHX and bulk cpTi surface (machined)]. Physico-chemical and biological characterizations included: 1. Morphology, roughness, elemental chemical composition, film thickness, contact angle and surface free energy; 2. CHX-release rate; 3. Antibacterial effect on Streptococcus sanguinis biofilms at 24, 48 and 72 h; 4. Cytotoxicity and metabolic activity using fibroblasts cell culture (NIH-F3T3 cells) at 1, 2, 3 and 4 days; 5. Protein expression by NIH-F3T3 cells at 1, 2, 3 and 4 days; and 6. Co-culture assay of fibroblasts cells and S. sanguinis to assess live and dead cells on the confocal laser scanning microscopy, mitochondrial activity (XTT), membrane leakage (LDH release), and metabolic activity (WST-1 assay) at 1, 2 and 3 days of co-incubation. Data analysis showed that silicon films, with or without CHX coated cpTi discs, increased surface wettability and free energy (p < 0.05) without affecting surface roughness. CHX release was maintained over a 22-day period and resulted in a significant inhibition of biofilm growth (p < 0.05) at 48 and 72 h of biofilm formation for 50 min and 20 min of plasma deposition time groups, respectively. In general, CHX treatment did not significantly affect NIH-F3T3 cell viability (p > 0.05), whereas cell metabolism (MTT assay) was affected by CHX, with the 35 min of plasma deposition time group displaying the lowest values as compared to bulk cpTi (p < 0.05). Moreover, data analysis showed that films, with or without CHX, significantly affected the expression profile of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-y and TNF-α by NIH-F3T3 cells (p < 0.05). Co-culture demonstrated that CHX-doped film did not affect the metabolic activity, cytotoxicity and viability of fibroblasts cells (p > 0.05). Altogether, the findings of the current study support the conclusion that silicon films added with CHX can be successfully created on titanium discs and have the potential to affect bacterial growth and inflammatory markers without affecting cell viability/proliferation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaias Oliveira Matos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amanda Bandeira de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamara Beline
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Tonon
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lester Jack Windsor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elidiane Cipriano Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas (LaPTec), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Science and Technology Institute of Sorocaba (ICTS), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity for Endodontic Infections. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091300. [PMID: 32858856 PMCID: PMC7563224 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the fungus most frequently isolated from endodontic root canal infections. Although recognized by dental pulp and periradicular tissue cells that elicit immune responses, it eludes host defenses and elicits cell death. Then, C. albicans binds tooth dentin, forms biofilms, and invades dentinal tubules to resist intracanal disinfectants and endodontic treatments. Insensitive to most common medicaments, it survives sequestered within biofilms and intratubular dentin. Thus, C. albicans has been associated with cases of persistent or refractory root canal infections. Its treatment strategies may require alternative intracanal irrigants, intracanal medicaments such as chlorhexidine gel or human beta defensin-3 (HBD3), Ca-Si-based obturating materials, and microsurgical procedures.
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Ascorbic Acid, Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-1 β/TNF- α/IFN- γ), or Their Combination's Effect on Stemness, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8897138. [PMID: 32879629 PMCID: PMC7448213 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8897138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ascorbic acid (AA) and controlled inflammatory stimuli are postulated to possess the ability to independently exert positive effects on a variety of proliferative, pluripotency, and differentiation attributes of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs). The current study's objective was to explore and compare for the first time the impact of the major inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/TNF-α/IFN-γ), AA, or their combination on multipotency/pluripotency, proliferative, and differentiation characteristics of G-MSCs. Design Human G-MSCs (n = 5) were isolated and cultured in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with major inflammatory cytokines; 1 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 100 ng/ml IFN-γ (inflammatory group), in basic medium with 250 μmol/l AA (AA group) and in inflammatory medium supplemented by AA (inflammatory/AA group). All media were renewed three times per week. In stimulated G-MSCs intracellular β-catenin at 1 hour, pluripotency gene expression at 1, 3, and 5 days, as well as colony-forming units (CFUs) ability and cellular proliferation over 14 days were examined. Following a five-days stimulation in the designated groups, multilineage differentiation was assessed via qualitative and quantitative histochemistry as well as mRNA expression. Results β-Catenin significantly decreased intracellularly in all experimental groups (p = 0.002, Friedman). AA group exhibited significantly higher cellular counts on days 3, 6, 7, and 13 (p < 0.05) and the highest CFUs at 14 days [median-CFUs (Q25/Q75); 40 (15/50), p = 0.043]. Significantly higher Nanog expression was noted in AA group [median gene-copies/PGK1 (Q25/Q75); 0.0006 (0.0002/0.0007), p < 0.01, Wilcoxon-signed-rank]. Significant multilineage differentiation abilities, especially into osteogenic and chondrogenic directions, were further evident in the AA group. Conclusions AA stimulation enhances G-MSCs' stemness, proliferation, and differentiation properties, effects which are associated with a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation. Apart from initially boosting cellular metabolism as well as Sox2 and Oct4A pluripotency marker expression, inflammation appeared to attenuate these AA-induced positive effects. Current results reveal that for AA to exert its beneficial effects on G-MSCs' cellular attributes, it requires to act in an inflammation-free microenvironment.
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Aloyouny AY, Bepari A, Rahman I. Evaluating the Role of CXCR3 in Pain Modulation: A Literature Review. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1987-2001. [PMID: 32821152 PMCID: PMC7418155 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s254276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR3 is a well-known receptor involved in immune cell recruitment and inflammation. Pathological inflammation leads to pain stimulation and hence nociception. Therefore, we decided to review the recent research on CXCR3 to identify its precise role in the modulation of pain in a variety of clinical conditions targeting various regions of the body. Studies were selected from PubMed Medline, which relate CXCR3 to the progression of diseases with either bone cancer pain, neuropathic pain, cystitis pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pain, dental pain, in particular, periodontitis and pulpitis. In all the diseases studied, a high prevalence of CXCR3 and/or its ligand were identified where CXCR3 is a key player in the pathophysiological process of many inflammatory conditions. CXCR3 and its ligands, particularly CXCL10, modulate nociception via actions in the dorsal root ganglia and dorsal horn of the spinal cord, in cases of bone cancer pain, neuropathic, and joint pain. However, with the other studied disease, no direct link to pain has been made, although it contributes to the pathological progression of the diseases and hence would be a causal factor for the pain. Furthermore, CXCR3 appears to play a role in desensitizing the opioid receptor in the descending modulatory pathway within the brain stem as well as modulating opioid-induced hyperalgesia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Further research is required for understanding the exact mechanisms of CXCR3 in pain modulation centrally and peripherally. A greater understanding of the immunological activities and pharmacological consequence of CXCR3 and its ligands could help in the discovery of newer drugs for modulating pain arising from pathogenic or inflammatory sources. Given the significance of the CXCR3 for nociception, its utilization may prove to be beneficial as a target for analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwag Yagoub Aloyouny
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmatanzeem Bepari
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishrat Rahman
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alim BA, Canturk E, Koksal C. The effect of treated apical periodontitis before heart valve surgery on C-reactive protein levels. Oral Dis 2020; 27:632-638. [PMID: 32710519 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental infections produce significant increases in systemic inflammatory responses manifested by cytokines and acute-phase reactants. This study evaluated the postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels according to patients having teeth treated or not treated for apical periodontitis (AP) before heart valve surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative, postoperative third- and fifth-day CRP levels, and the previous dental data of 91 patients were investigated. Whether the patients had been treated for AP and whether they used antibiotic prophylaxis for this treatment were determined by examining the previous data. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative CRP levels and the third-day CRP levels between all patients treated and those not treated for AP (p > .05). The mean fifth-day CRP levels of the patients with teeth treated for AP were significantly lower than those of the patients with teeth not treated for AP (p < .05). Antibiotic prophylaxis had a significant effect on the fifth-day CRP levels. CONCLUSION The decrease in CRP levels after AP treatment may contribute to alleviating heart valve disease and maintaining cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Aycan Alim
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emir Canturk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Medipol Kosuyolu Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Koksal
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Guardiola CJDA, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Martinez EF, Abdalla HB, Peruzzo DC, Joly JC, Napimoga MH. DC-STAMP and TACE Levels are Higher in Patients with Periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:122-126. [PMID: 32556010 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202002939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although periodontitis is one of the commonest infectious inflammatory diseases in humans, the mechanisms involved with its immunopathology remain ill understood. Numerous molecules may induce inflammation and lead to bone resorption, secondary to activation of monocytes into osteoclasts. TACE (TNF-α converting enzyme) and DC-STAMP (dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein) appear to play a role on bone resorption since TACE induces the release of sRANKL (soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand) whereas DC-STAMP is a key factor in osteoclast induction. The present study evaluated the levels of TACE and DC-STAMP in patients with and without periodontitis. Twenty individuals were selected: 10 periodontally healthy participants undergoing gingivectomy for esthetic reasons and 10 diagnosed with periodontitis. Protein levels of such molecules in gingival tissue were established using Western blotting. Protein levels of both TACE and DC-STAMP were higher in the periodontitis group than in the control group (p<0.05; Student t-test). In conclusion, TACE and DC-STAMP protein levels are elevated in patients with periodontitis, favoring progression of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyro José de Almeida Guardiola
- Periodontics and Implantology, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez
- Periodontics and Implantology, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Balassini Abdalla
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
- Periodontics and Implantology, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Joly
- Periodontics and Implantology, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Pansani TN, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA. In vitro effects of photobiomodulation applied to gingival fibroblasts cultured on titanium and zirconia surfaces and exposed to LPS from Escherichia coli. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:2031-2038. [PMID: 32533469 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is used to stimulate cell proliferation and metabolism, as well as reduce inflammatory cytokine synthesis, which plays a main role in the long-term stability of implants. This study assessed the response of gingival fibroblasts cultured on titanium (Ti) and zirconia (ZrO2), submitted to PBM and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells seeded on Ti and ZrO2 were irradiated (InGaAsP; 780 nm, 25 mW) 3 times, using 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 J/cm2 doses, and exposed to Escherichia coli LPS (1 μg/mL). After 24 h, cell viability (alamarBlue, n = 8), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) synthesis (ELISA, n = 6), and IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression (qPCR, n = 5) were assessed and statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA, α = 0.05). Cell morphology was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Increased cell viability occurred in all groups cultured on Ti compared with that of the control, except for cells exposed to LPS. Fibroblasts cultured on ZrO2 and LPS-exposed exhibited reduced viability. PBM at 3.0 J/cm2 and 1.5 J/cm2 downregulated the IL-6 synthesis by fibroblasts seeded on Ti and ZrO2, as well as IL-8 synthesis by cells seeded on ZrO2. Fibroblasts seeded on both surfaces and LPS-exposed showed increased IL-6 gene expression; however, this activity was downregulated when fibroblasts were irradiated at 3.0 J/cm2. Enhanced VEGF gene expression by cells seeded on Ti and laser-irradiated (3.0 J/cm2). Distinct patterns of cytoskeleton occurred in laser-irradiated cells exposed to LPS. Specific parameters of PBM can biomodulate the inflammatory response of fibroblasts seeded on Ti or ZrO2 and exposed to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa Nogueira Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Humaita, 1680. Centro, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
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Marcoux E, Lagha AB, Gauthier P, Grenier D. Antimicrobial activities of natural plant compounds against endodontic pathogens and biocompatibility with human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104734. [PMID: 32454322 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate three licorice-derived polyphenols (glabridin, licochalcone A, licoricidin) as well as cinnamon oil for their antimicrobial activities against major endodontic pathogens: Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces israelii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Candida albicans. The synergistic interactions between the four compounds and chlorhexidine were assessed on E. faecalis. Lastly, the biocompatibility of the tested compounds was assessed using human gingival fibroblasts. DESIGN Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMC) were determined using a microplate dilution assay. A luminescence assay monitoring adenosine triphosphate was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the tested compounds against E. faecalis biofilm. The synergistic effects of the tested compounds in association with chlorhexidine were evaluated using the checkerboard technique. Cytotoxicity toward human gingival fibroblasts was assessed by determination of cell metabolic activity using a colorimetric assay. RESULTS Cinnamon oil showed the strongest microbicidal activity. Licochalcone A, licoricidin, and glabridin had MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 25 μg/mL against the six endodontic bacterial pathogens. The natural plant compounds were active to various extents against E. faecalis embedded in a biofilm. Synergistic antibacterial effects between chlorhexidine and the compounds, mainly glabridin, were observed against E. faecalis. Following a 2-h exposure, licochalcone A, licoricidin, and glabridin demonstrated no cytotoxicity toward gingival fibroblasts at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL, while cinnamon oil and, to a lesser extent, chlorhexidine displayed some cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that the natural plant compounds tested show promise as root canal disinfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Marcoux
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Gauthier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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