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Cheng K, Zhai Q, Song J, Liu B. The Co-pathogenic Target Gene CNTN1 Involved in Coronary Artery Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Has Potential for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease. Anatol J Cardiol 2024; 28:381-392. [PMID: 39087405 PMCID: PMC11317787 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2024.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to find a gene for coronary artery disease (CAD) early diagnosis by detecting co-pathogenic target gene involved in CAD and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
Methods: Datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including GSE113079, GSE113439, and GSE12288, to investigate gene expression patterns in cardiovascular diseases. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify gene modules associated with clinical traits. Differential gene expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were carried out. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. JASPAR database and FIMO tool were utilized to predict transcription factor (TF) binding sites.
Results: Fifteen key genes were identified in CAD and PAH, with CNTN1 being prioritized for further investigation due to its high connectivity degree. Upstream regulation analysis identified potential TFs (DRGX, HOXD3, and RAX) and 7 miRNAs targeting CNTN1. The expression profile of CNTN1 was significantly upregulated in CAD samples, and ROC analysis indicated potential diagnostic value for CAD. CMap database analysis predicted potential targeted drugs for CAD.
Conclusion: CNTN1 was detected as a co-pathogenetic gene for CAD and PAH. It is highly expressed in CAD patients and has potential value for CAD diagnosis. CNTN1 is potentially regulated by 3 TFs and 7 miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qixuan Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jieqiong Song
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Vilela APO, Deffert F, Lucchetta RC, da Silva Pires YM, Mainka FF, Tonin FS, Pontarolo R. Methodological Quality of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment Evidence-Based Guidelines: A Systematic Review Using the AGREE II and AGREE REX Tools. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07605-w. [PMID: 38980530 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a poor prognosis, and its management should be grounded in well-developed clinical practice guidelines (CPG). Thus, we critically assess the methodological quality of the available CPG for pharmacological treatments for PAH. METHODS A systematic review (CRD42023387168) was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Tripdatabase (Jan-2023). Eligible records were appraised by four reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation Collaboration tool (AGREE II) and the complementary tool for assessing recommendations' quality and certainty, AGREE REX. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. RESULTS Overall, 31 guidelines, mainly authored by professional societies (90%), targeting only physicians as primary users (84%), were identified. Guidelines presented a moderate overall quality (scores of 63% and 51% in AGREE II and AGREE REX, respectively), with a few domains showing slight improvements over the years. AGREE II "Scope and Purpose" (94%) and "Presentation Clarity" (99%) domains obtained the highest scores. The items related to "Stakeholder involvement," "Editorial independence," and "Clinical applicability" (AGREE REX) were fairly reported. Conversely, CPG lacks rigor in development (32% score, AGREE II), scarcely discusses the role of stakeholders, and provides deficient data on the implementation of recommendations (scores of 35% and 46% in AGREE II and AGREE REX, respectively). No differences in the quality of guidelines published by different developers or countries were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Methodological weaknesses are common among guidelines addressing PAH treatment, especially regarding scientific rigor, stakeholders' values and preferences, and facilitators and barriers to implementability. Particular attention should be given to developing future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Deffert
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Fernando Mainka
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. Dom João II Lote 4.69 01, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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3
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Mandrycky C, Ishida T, Rayner SG, Heck AM, Hadland B, Zheng Y. Under pressure: integrated endothelial cell response to hydrostatic and shear stresses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596749. [PMID: 38854073 PMCID: PMC11160699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Blood flow within the vasculature is a critical determinant of endothelial cell (EC) identity and functionality, yet the intricate interplay of various hemodynamic forces and their collective impact on endothelial and vascular responses are not fully understood. Specifically, the role of hydrostatic pressure in the EC flow response is understudied, despite its known significance in vascular development and disease. To address this gap, we developed in vitro models to investigate how pressure influences EC responses to flow. Our study demonstrates that elevated pressure conditions significantly modify shear-induced flow alignment and increase endothelial cell density. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that, while shear stress remains the primary driver of flow-induced transcriptional changes, pressure modulates shear-induced signaling in a dose-dependent manner. These pressure-responsive transcriptional signatures identified in human ECs were conserved during the onset of circulation in early mouse embryonic vascular development, where pressure was notably associated with transcriptional programs essential to arterial and hemogenic EC fates. Our findings suggest that pressure plays a synergistic role with shear stress on ECs and emphasizes the need for an integrative approach to endothelial cell mechanotransduction, one that encompasses the effects induced by pressure alongside other hemodynamic forces.
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Kourek C, Zachariou A, Karatzanos E, Antonopoulos M, Soulele T, Karabinis A, Nanas S, Dimopoulos S. Effects of combined aerobic, resistance and inspiratory training in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13:92585. [PMID: 38855278 PMCID: PMC11155510 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i2.92585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious progressive disorder of the modern world, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasoreactivity. Patients with PH usually present exercise intolerance from the very early stages and reduced exercise capacity. Exercise training has been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. However, data regarding the effects of combined exercise training programs in patients with PH still remains limited. AIM To investigate the effects of combined exercise training programs on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with PH. METHODS Our search included all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding combined aerobic, resistance and inspiratory training programs in patients with PH in 4 databases (Pubmed, PEDro, Embase, CINAHL) from 2012 to 2022. Five RCTs were included in the final analysis. Functional capacity, assessed by peak VO2 or 6-min walking test (6MWT), as well as quality of life, assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire, were set as the primary outcomes in our study. RESULTS Peak VO2 was measured in 4 out of the 5 RCTs while 6MWT was measured in all RCTs. Both indices of functional capacity were significantly increased in patients with PH who underwent combined exercise training compared to the controls in all of the included RCTs (P < 0.05). Quality of life was measured in 4 out of 5 RCTs. Although patients improved their quality of life in each group, however, only 2 RCTs demonstrated further improvement in patients performing combined training compared to controls. CONCLUSION By this systematic review, we have demonstrated that combined aerobic, resistance and inspiratory exercise training is safe and has beneficial effects on aerobic capacity and quality of life in patients with PH. Such exercise training regimen may be part of the therapeutic strategy of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Kourek
- Department of Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10676, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Antonia Zachariou
- Department of Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Karatzanos
- Department of Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Michalis Antonopoulos
- Department of Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10676, Greece
- Cardiac Surgery ICU, Onassis Cardiac Surgery center, Athens 17674, Attica, Greece
| | - Theodora Soulele
- Cardiac Surgery ICU, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens 17674, Greece
| | - Andreas Karabinis
- Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens 17674, Greece
| | - Serafim Nanas
- Department of Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Stavros Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10676, Greece
- Cardiac Surgery ICU, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens 17674, Greece
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5
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Thenappan T. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Liquid Biopsy to Assess Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Health. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:1098-1100. [PMID: 38839153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thenappan Thenappan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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6
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Correale M, Chirivì F, Bevere EML, Tricarico L, D’Alto M, Badagliacca R, Brunetti ND, Vizza CD, Ghio S. Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bench to Bedside. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2444. [PMID: 38673717 PMCID: PMC11051060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex pathology whose etiology is still not completely well clarified. The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension involves different molecular mechanisms, with endothelial dysfunction playing a central role in disease progression. Both individual genetic predispositions and environmental factors seem to contribute to its onset. To further understand the complex relationship between endothelial and pulmonary hypertension and try to contribute to the development of future therapies, we report a comprehensive and updated review on endothelial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania L. ‘Vanvitelli’, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Natale D. Brunetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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7
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Pawar SG, Khan N, Salam A, Joshi M, Saravanan PB, Pandey S. The association of Pulmonary Hypertension and right ventricular systolic function - updates in diagnosis and treatment. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101635. [PMID: 37734967 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) systolic function is an essential but neglected component in cardiac evaluation, and its importance to the contribution to overall cardiac function is undermined. It is not only sensitive to the effect of left heart valve disease but is also more sensitive to changes in pressure overload than the left ventricle. Pulmonary Hypertension is the common and well-recognized complication of RV systolic dysfunction. It is also the leading cause of pulmonary valve disease and right ventricular dysfunction. Patients with a high pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and a low RV ejection fraction have a seven-fold higher risk of death than heart failure patients with a normal PAP and RV ejection fraction. Furthermore, it is an independent predictor of survival in these patients. In this review, we examine the association of right ventricular systolic function with Pulmonary Hypertension by focusing on various pathological and clinical manifestations while assessing their impact. We also explore new 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines for diagnosing and treating right ventricular dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nida Khan
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Ajal Salam
- Government Medical College Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Muskan Joshi
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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8
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Ferrian S, Cao A, McCaffrey EF, Saito T, Greenwald NF, Nicolls MR, Bruce T, Zamanian RT, Del Rosario P, Rabinovitch M, Angelo M. Single-Cell Imaging Maps Inflammatory Cell Subsets to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Vasculopathy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:206-218. [PMID: 37934691 PMCID: PMC10806425 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1761oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Unraveling immune-driven vascular pathology in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) requires a comprehensive understanding of the immune cell landscape. Although patients with hereditary (H)PAH and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutations have more severe pulmonary vascular pathology, it is not known whether this is related to specific immune cell subsets. Objectives: This study aims to elucidate immune-driven vascular pathology by identifying immune cell subtypes linked to severity of pulmonary arterial lesions in PAH. Methods: We used cutting-edge multiplexed ion beam imaging by time of flight to compare pulmonary arteries (PAs) and adjacent tissue in PAH lungs (idiopathic [I]PAH and HPAH) with unused donor lungs, as controls. Measurements and Main Results: We quantified immune cells' proximity and abundance, focusing on those features linked to vascular pathology, and evaluated their impact on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells. Distinct immune infiltration patterns emerged between PAH subtypes, with intramural involvement independently linked to PA occlusive changes. Notably, we identified monocyte-derived dendritic cells within PA subendothelial and adventitial regions, influencing vascular remodeling by promoting SMC proliferation and suppressing endothelial gene expression across PAH subtypes. In patients with HPAH, pronounced immune dysregulation encircled PA walls, characterized by heightened perivascular inflammation involving T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3)+ T cells. This correlated with an expanded DC subset expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, TIM-3, and SAM and HD domain-containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1, alongside increased neutrophils, SMCs, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2)+ endothelial cells, reinforcing the heightened severity of pulmonary vascular lesions. Conclusions: This study presents the first architectural map of PAH lungs, connecting immune subsets not only with specific PA lesions but also with heightened severity in HPAH compared with IPAH. Our findings emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting monocyte-derived dendritic cells, neutrophils, cellular interactions, and immune responses to alleviate severe vascular pathology in IPAH and HPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ferrian
- Department of Pathology
- Early Clinical Development Informatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Aiqin Cao
- Department of Pediatrics
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
- Cardiovascular Institute, and
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | - Mark R. Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
- Cardiovascular Institute, and
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Roham T. Zamanian
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Patricia Del Rosario
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
- Cardiovascular Institute, and
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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9
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Lee D, Lee H, Jo HN, Yun E, Kwon BS, Kim J, Lee A. Endothelial periostin regulates vascular remodeling by promoting endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:1-14. [PMID: 38186856 PMCID: PMC10769143 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vascular remodeling associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, vascular cell hyperproliferation, and neointima formation in the small pulmonary artery. Endothelial dysfunction is considered a key feature in the initiation of vascular remodeling. Although vasodilators have been used for the treatment of PAH, it remains a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel therapeutic targets for PAH treatment. Periostin (POSTN) is a secretory ECM protein involved in physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue remodeling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Although POSTN has been proposed as a potential target for PAH treatment, its role in endothelial cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that POSTN upregulation correlates with PAH by analyzing a public microarray conducted on the lung tissues of patients with PAH and biological experimental results from in vivo and in vitro models. Moreover, POSTN overexpression leads to ECM deposition and endothelial abnormalities such as migration. We found that PAH-associated endothelial dysfunction is mediated at least in part by the interaction between POSTN and integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK), followed by activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. Silencing POSTN or ILK decreases PAH-related stimuli-induced ECM accumulation and attenuates endothelial abnormalities. In conclusion, our study suggests that POSTN serves as a critical regulator of PAH by regulating vascular remodeling, and targeting its role as a potential therapeutic strategy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-neul Jo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsik Yun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Su Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Lu Q, Jin Y, Ornatowski W, Soto J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Tieu K, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Mitochondrial hyperfusion induces metabolic remodeling in lung endothelial cells by modifying the activities of electron transport chain complexes I and III. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:183-194. [PMID: 37979892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease with vascular remodeling as a critical structural alteration. We have previously shown that metabolic reprogramming is an early initiating mechanism in animal models of PH. This metabolic dysregulation has been linked to remodeling the mitochondrial network to favor fission. However, whether the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance underlies the metabolic reprogramming found early in PH development is unknown. METHODS Utilizing a rat early model of PH, in conjunction with cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs), we utilized metabolic flux assays, Seahorse Bioassays, measurements of electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity, fluorescent microscopy, and molecular approaches to investigate the link between the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and the early metabolic changes that occur in PH. RESULTS We observed increased fusion mediators, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1, and unchanged fission mediators, including Drp1 and Fis1, in a two-week monocrotaline-induced PH animal model (early-stage PH). We were able to establish a connection between increases in fusion mediator Mfn1 and metabolic reprogramming. Using an adenoviral expression system to enhance Mfn1 levels in pulmonary endothelial cells and utilizing 13C-glucose labeled substrate, we found increased production of 13C lactate and decreased TCA cycle metabolites, revealing a Warburg phenotype. The use of a 13C5-glutamine substrate showed evidence that hyperfusion also induces oxidative carboxylation. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels secondary to the disruption of cellular bioenergetics and higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS). The elevation in mt-ROS correlated with attenuated ETC complexes I and III activities. Utilizing a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant to suppress mt-ROS, limited HIF-1α protein levels, which reduced cellular glycolysis and reestablished mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data connects mitochondrial fusion-mediated mt-ROS to the Warburg phenotype in early-stage PH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | | | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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11
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Flores AG, Lu Q, Soto J, Richards J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Novel Relationship between Mitofusin 2-Mediated Mitochondrial Hyperfusion, Metabolic Remodeling, and Glycolysis in Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17533. [PMID: 38139362 PMCID: PMC10744129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been identified in cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH), ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is abundantly expressed in heart and pulmonary vasculature cells at the outer mitochondrial membrane to modulate fusion. Previously, we have reported reduced levels of Mfn2 and fragmented mitochondria in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) isolated from a sheep model of PH induced by pulmonary over-circulation and restoring Mfn2 normalized mitochondrial function. In this study, we assessed the effect of increased expression of Mfn2 on mitochondrial metabolism, bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential in control PAECs. Using an adenoviral expression system to overexpress Mfn2 in PAECs and utilizing 13C labeled substrates, we assessed the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. We identified increased pyruvate and lactate production in cells, revealing a glycolytic phenotype (Warburg phenotype). Mfn2 overexpression decreased the mitochondrial ATP production rate, increased the rate of glycolytic ATP production, and disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels, elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data suggest that disrupting the mitochondrial fusion/fission balance to favor hyperfusion leads to a metabolic shift that promotes aerobic glycolysis. Thus, therapies designed to increase mitochondrial fusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Jaime Richards
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
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12
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Li C, Lv J, Wumaier G, Zhao Y, Dong L, Zeng Y, Zhu N, Zhang X, Wang J, Xia J, Li S. NDRG1 promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by targeting TAF15. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2023; 6:pbad024. [PMID: 37885911 PMCID: PMC10599394 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a threatening pathophysiologic state that can be induced by chronic hypoxia and is characterized by extensive vascular remodeling. However, the mechanism underlying hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling is not fully elucidated. Methods and Results By using quantitative polymerase chain reactions, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is markedly increased in hypoxia-stimulated endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner as well as in human and rat endothelium lesions. To determine the role of NDRG1 in endothelial dysfunction, we performed loss-of-function studies using NDRG1 short hairpin RNAs and NDRG1 over-expression plasmids. In vitro, silencing NDRG1 attenuated proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under hypoxia, while NDRG1 over-expression promoted these behaviors of HPAECs. Mechanistically, NDRG1 can directly interact with TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15 (TAF15) and promote its nuclear localization. Knockdown of TAF15 abrogated the effect of NDRG1 on the proliferation, migration and tube formation capacity of HPAECs. Bioinformatics studies found that TAF15 was involved in regulating PI3K-Akt, p53, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways, which have been proved to be PH-related pathways. In addition, vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy induced by hypoxia were markedly alleviated in NDRG1 knock-down rats compared with their wild-type littermates. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that hypoxia-induced upregulation of NDRG1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction through targeting TAF15, which ultimately contributes to the development of hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Junzhu Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Gulinuer Wumaier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuzhen Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingwen Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shengqing Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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13
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Wang L, Huang J, Zhang R, Zhang M, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li C, Wang W, Ying S, Liu J, Wang C. Cullin 5 aggravates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by activating TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF. iScience 2023; 26:108199. [PMID: 37965157 PMCID: PMC10641258 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) lacks effective pharmacologic treatments. Microarray-based gene expression indicates the crucial role of Cullin 5 (Cul 5) in HPH. This study showed that Cul 5 was upregulated in HPH patients and a murine model of HPH. In vitro, Cul 5 promoted the angiogenesis and adhesion capacity of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), which could be mitigated by Cul 5 inactivation mediated by pevonedistat or NEDD8 silence. In vivo, silencing of Cul 5 in the endothelium and Cul 5 inactivation by pevonedistat could also alleviate hypoxic vascular remodeling. Mechanistic research showed that Cul 5 participated in HPH pathogenesis via the TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Inhibition of the TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway could reverse Cul 5-induced human PAEC dysfunction. These findings demonstrate that Cul 5 is an important mediator of HPH via the TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway firstly, and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target in the clinical treatment of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ruoyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Muzhi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
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14
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Lingappan K, Olutoye OO, Cantu A, Cantu Gutierrez ME, Cortes-Santiago N, Hammond JD, Gilley J, Quintero JR, Li H, Polverino F, Gleghorn JP, Keswani SG. Molecular insights using spatial transcriptomics of the distal lung in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L477-L486. [PMID: 37605849 PMCID: PMC10639013 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00154.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal pulmonary vascular development and function in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a significant factor leading to pulmonary hypertension. The lung is a very heterogenous organ and has marked cellular diversity that is differentially responsive to injury and therapeutic agents. Spatial transcriptomics provides the unmatched capability of discerning the differences in the transcriptional signature of these distinct cell subpopulations in the lung with regional specificity. We hypothesized that the distal lung parenchyma (selected as a region of interest) would show a distinct transcriptomic profile in the CDH lung compared with control (normal lung). We subjected lung sections obtained from male and female CDH and control neonates to spatial transcriptomics using the Nanostring GeoMx platform. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of the human CDH and control lung revealed key differences in the gene expression signature. Increased expression of alveolar epithelial-related genes (SFTPA1 and SFTPC) and angiogenesis-related genes (EPAS1 and FHL1) was seen in control lungs compared with CDH lungs. Response to vitamin A was enriched in the control lungs as opposed to abnormality of the coagulation cascade and TNF-alpha signaling via NF-kappa B in the CDH lung parenchyma. In male patients with CDH, higher expression of COL1A1 (ECM remodeling) and CD163 was seen. Increased type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT-2) and arterial and lung capillary endothelial cells were seen in control lung samples compared with CDH lung samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first use of spatial transcriptomics in patients with CDH that identifies the contribution of different lung cellular subpopulations in CDH pathophysiology and highlights sex-specific differences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first use of spatial transcriptomics in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) that identifies the contribution of different lung cellular subpopulations in CDH pathophysiology and highlights sex-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Lingappan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Oluyinka O Olutoye
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Abiud Cantu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Manuel Eliezer Cantu Gutierrez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nahir Cortes-Santiago
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - J D Hammond
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jamie Gilley
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Joselyn Rojas Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
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15
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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Surachetpong SD. Perivascular inflammatory cells and their association with pulmonary arterial remodelling in dogs with pulmonary hypertension due to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1505-1521. [PMID: 36976445 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), may occur in dogs affected with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Recent studies suggest that an accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells may be involved with medial thickening which is a sign of the pulmonary artery remodelling in PH. The aim of this study was to characterise perivascular inflammatory cells in the surrounding pulmonary arteries of dogs with PH due to MMVD compared to MMVD dogs and healthy control dogs. Nineteen lung samples were collected from cadavers of small-breed dogs (control n = 5; MMVD n = 7; MMVD + PH n = 7). Toluidine blue stain and multiple IHC targeting α-SMA, vWF, CD20, CD68 and CD3 was performed to examine intimal and medial thickening, assess muscularisation of the small pulmonary arteries and characterise perivascular leucocytes. Medial thickening without intimal thickening of pulmonary arteries and muscularisation of normally non-muscularised small pulmonary arteries was observed in the MMVD and MMVD + PH groups compared with the control group. The perivascular numbers of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly increased in the MMVD + PH group compared with the MMVD and control groups. In contrast, the perivascular number of mast cells was significantly higher in the MMVD group compared with the MMVD + PH and control groups. This study suggested that pulmonary artery remodelling as medial thickening and muscularisation of the normally non-muscular small pulmonary arteries is accompanied by the accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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16
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Khan SL, Mathai SC. Scleroderma pulmonary arterial hypertension: the same as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension? Curr Opin Pulm Med 2023; 29:380-390. [PMID: 37461869 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), which confers significant morbidity and mortality. The current therapies and treatment strategies for SSc-associated PAH (SSc-PAH) are informed by those used to treat patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH). There are, however, important differences between these two diseases that impact diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Both SSc-PAH and IPAH are incompletely understood with ongoing research into the underlying cellular biology that characterize and differentiate the two diseases. Additional research seeks to improve identification among SSc patients in order to diagnose patients earlier in the course of their disease. Novel therapies specifically for SSc-PAH such as rituximab and dimethyl fumarate are under investigation. SUMMARY Although patients with SSc-PAH and IPAH present with similar symptoms, there are significant differences between these two forms of PAH that warrant further investigation and characterization of optimal detection strategies, treatment algorithms, and outcomes assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Khan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Balistrieri A, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca 2+ signaling. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1827-1897. [PMID: 36422993 PMCID: PMC10110735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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18
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Immanuel J, Yun S. Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1640. [PMID: 37371110 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it. This review highlights the main proinflammatory stimuli and their effects on endothelial cell function. In order to provide a rational direction for future research, we also compiled the most recent data regarding the impact of endothelial cell dysfunction on vascular diseases and potential targets that impede the pathogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Immanuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
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19
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Wang L, Wang F, Tuo Y, Wan H, Luo F. Clinical characteristics and predictors of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different altitudes. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:127. [PMID: 37072815 PMCID: PMC10111800 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is closely associated with poor prognosis. However, studies on the predictors of PH in COPD patients are limited, especially in populations living at high altitude (HA). OBJECTIVES To investigate the differences in the clinical characteristics and predictors of patients with COPD/COPD and PH (COPD-PH) from low altitude (LA, 600 m) and HA (2200 m). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of 228 COPD patients of Han nationality admitted to the respiratory department of Qinghai People's Hospital (N = 113) and West China Hospital of Sichuan University (N = 115) between March 2019 and June 2021. PH was defined as a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) > 36 mmHg measured using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). RESULTS The proportion of PH in COPD patients living at HA was higher than that in patients living at LA (60.2% vs. 31.3%). COPD-PH patients from HA showed significantly different in baseline characteristics, laboratory tests and pulmonary function test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the predictors of PH in COPD patients were different between the HA and LA groups. CONCLUSIONS The COPD patients living at HA had a higher proportion of PH than those living at LA. At LA, increased B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and direct bilirubin (DB) were predictors for PH in COPD patients. However, at HA, increased DB was a predictor of PH in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Faping Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajun Tuo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Huajing Wan
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengming Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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20
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Fayyaz AU, Sabbah MS, Dasari S, Griffiths LG, DuBrock HM, Wang Y, Charlesworth MC, Borlaug BA, Jenkins SM, Edwards WD, Redfield MM. Histologic and proteomic remodeling of the pulmonary veins and arteries in a porcine model of chronic pulmonary venous hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:268-282. [PMID: 35022664 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In heart failure (HF), pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) produces pulmonary hypertension (PH) with remodeling of pulmonary veins (PV) and arteries (PA). In a porcine PVH model, we performed proteomic-based bioinformatics to investigate unique pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating PA and PV remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Large PV were banded (PVH, n = 10) or not (Sham, n = 9) in piglets. At sacrifice, PV and PA were perfusion labelled for vessel-specific histology and proteomics. The PA and PV were separately sampled with laser-capture micro-dissection for mass spectrometry. Pulmonary vascular resistance [Wood Units; 8.6 (95% confidence interval: 6.3, 12.3) vs. 2.0 (1.7, 2.3)] and PA [19.9 (standard error of mean, 1.1) vs. 10.3 (1.1)] and PV [14.2 (1.2) vs. 7.6 (1.1)] wall thickness/external diameter (%) were increased in PVH (P < 0.05 for all). Similar numbers of proteins were identified in PA (2093) and PV (2085) with 94% overlap, but biological processes differed. There were more differentially expressed proteins (287 vs. 161), altered canonical pathways (17 vs. 3), and predicted upstream regulators (PUSR; 22 vs. 6) in PV than PA. In PA and PV, bioinformatics indicated activation of the integrated stress response and mammalian target of rapamycin signalling with dysregulated growth. In PV, there was also activation of Rho/Rho-kinase signalling with decreased actin cytoskeletal signalling and altered tight and adherens junctions, ephrin B, and caveolae-mediated endocytosis signalling; all indicating disrupted endothelial barrier function. Indeed, protein biomarkers and the top PUSR in PV (transforming growth factor-beta) suggested endothelial to mesenchymal transition in PV. Findings were similar in human autopsy specimens. CONCLUSION These findings provide new therapeutic targets to oppose pulmonary vascular remodeling in HF-related PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed U Fayyaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael S Sabbah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hilary M DuBrock
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - M Cristine Charlesworth
- Molecular Genome Facility Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sarah M Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - William D Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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21
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Shah S, Vishwakarma VK, Arava SK, Mridha AR, Yadav RK, Seth S, Bhatia J, Hote MP, Arya DS, Yadav HN. Differential effect of basal vitamin D status in monocrotaline induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in normal and vitamin D deficient rats: Possible involvement of eNOS/TGF-β/α-SMA signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109246. [PMID: 36496061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common and linked to poor prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We investigated the differential effect of basal vitamin D levels in monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH in normal and vitamin D deficient (VDD) rats. Rats were fed a VDD diet and exposed to filtered fluorescent light to deplete vitamin D. Normal rats were pretreated with vitamin D 100 IU/d and treated with vitamin D 100 and 200 IU/d, while VDD rats received vitamin D 100 IU/d. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) silencing was done in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using VDR siRNA. Calcitriol (50 nM/mL) was added to human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) and HUVECs before and after the exposure to TGF-β (10 ng/mL). Vitamin D 100 IU/d pretreatment in normal rats up-regulated the expression of eNOS and inhibited endothelial to mesenchymal transition significantly and maximally. Vitamin D 100 IU/d treatment in VDD rats was comparable to vitamin D 200 IU/d treated normal rats. These effects were significantly attenuated by L-NAME (20 mg/kg), a potent eNOS inhibitor. Exposure to TGF- β significantly reduced the expression of eNOS and increased the mesenchymal marker expression in normal and VDR-silenced HUVECs and HPASMCs, which were averted by treatment and maximally inhibited by pretreatment with calcitriol (50 nM). To conclude, this study provided novel evidence suggesting the beneficial role of higher basal vitamin D levels, which are inversely linked with PAH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Seth
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Milind P Hote
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harlokesh Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) improves endothelial function in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 80:102200. [PMID: 36842770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is critical in the pulmonary vasculature during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Moreover, in PH, increased inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress cause DNA damage, activating poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Meloche et al. (2014) and our previous research have shown that inhibiting PARP-1 is protective in PH and associated RV hypertrophy. However, the role of PARP-1 in pulmonary arterial endothelial dysfunction has not been explored completely. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the involvement of PARP-1 in endothelial dysfunction associated with PH. Hypoxia (1% O2) was used to induce a PH-like phenotype in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), and PARP-1 inhibition was achieved via siRNA (60 nM). For the in vivo study, male Sprague Dawley rats were administered monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg, SC, once) to induce PH, and 1, 5-isoquinolinediol (ISO; 3 mg/kg) was administered daily intraperitoneally to inhibit PARP-1. PARP-1 inhibition decreased proliferation and inflammation, as well as improved mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic HPAECs. Furthermore, PARP-1 inhibition also promoted apoptosis by increasing DNA damage in hypoxic HPAECs. In addition, inhibition of PARP-1 reduced cell migration, VEGF expression, and tubule formation in hypoxic HPAECs. In in vivo studies, PARP-1 inhibition by ISO significantly decreased the RVP and RVH as well as improved endothelial function by increasing the pulmonary vascular reactivity and expression of p-eNOS in MCT-treated rats.
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23
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Tsigkou V, Oikonomou E, Anastasiou A, Lampsas S, Zakynthinos GE, Kalogeras K, Katsioupa M, Kapsali M, Kourampi I, Pesiridis T, Marinos G, Vavuranakis MA, Tousoulis D, Vavuranakis M, Siasos G. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054321. [PMID: 36901752 PMCID: PMC10001590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex medical syndrome that is attributed to a number of risk factors; nevertheless, its clinical presentation is quite similar among the different etiologies. Heart failure displays a rapidly increasing prevalence due to the aging of the population and the success of medical treatment and devices. The pathophysiology of heart failure comprises several mechanisms, such as activation of neurohormonal systems, oxidative stress, dysfunctional calcium handling, impaired energy utilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, which are also implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is usually the result of myocardial loss, which progressively ends in myocardial remodeling. On the other hand, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is common in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, which trigger the creation of a micro-environment of chronic, ongoing inflammation. Interestingly, endothelial dysfunction of both peripheral vessels and coronary epicardial vessels and microcirculation is a common characteristic of both categories of heart failure and has been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Indeed, exercise training and several heart failure drug categories display favorable effects against endothelial dysfunction apart from their established direct myocardial benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsigkou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-69-4770-1299
| | - Artemis Anastasiou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Lampsas
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George E. Zakynthinos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kalogeras
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Katsioupa
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kapsali
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Islam Kourampi
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Pesiridis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Marinos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael-Andrew Vavuranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020366. [PMID: 36836600 PMCID: PMC9967990 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the critical structural alteration and pathological feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and involves changes in the intima, media and adventitia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling consists of the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the middle membranous pulmonary artery, as well as complex interactions involving external layer pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and other factors in the vascular wall are influenced by different mechanisms that likely act in concert to drive disease progression. This article reviews these pathological changes and highlights some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the remodeling process.
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25
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Betageri KR, Link PA, Haak AJ, Ligresti G, Tschumperlin DJ, Caporarello N. The matricellular protein CCN3 supports lung endothelial homeostasis and function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L154-L168. [PMID: 36573684 PMCID: PMC9925165 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00248.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant vascular remodeling contributes to the progression of many aging-associated diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where heterogeneous capillary density, endothelial transcriptional alterations, and increased vascular permeability correlate with poor disease outcomes. Thus, identifying disease-driving mechanisms in the pulmonary vasculature may be a promising strategy to limit IPF progression. Here, we identified Ccn3 as an endothelial-derived factor that is upregulated in resolving but not in persistent lung fibrosis in mice, and whose function is critical for vascular homeostasis and repair. Loss and gain of function experiments were carried out to test the role of CCN3 in lung microvascular endothelial function in vitro through RNAi and the addition of recombinant human CCN3 protein, respectively. Endothelial migration, permeability, proliferation, and in vitro angiogenesis were tested in cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). Loss of CCN3 in lung ECs resulted in transcriptional alterations along with impaired wound-healing responses, in vitro angiogenesis, barrier integrity as well as an increased profibrotic activity through paracrine signals, whereas the addition of recombinant CCN3 augmented endothelial function. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the matricellular protein CCN3 plays an important role in lung endothelial function and could serve as a promising therapeutic target to facilitate vascular repair and promote lung fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana R Betageri
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patrick A Link
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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26
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Cai G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li S, Cheng Y, Huang X. Comparison of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rat models caused by different hypoxia protocols. Exp Lung Res 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2148016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gexiang Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinghong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shini Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yushan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Florentin J, Zhao J, Tai YY, Sun W, Ohayon LL, O'Neil SP, Arunkumar A, Zhang X, Zhu J, Al Aaraj Y, Watson A, Sembrat J, Rojas M, Chan SY, Dutta P. Loss of Amphiregulin drives inflammation and endothelial apoptosis in pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202101264. [PMID: 35732465 PMCID: PMC9218345 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vascular disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Pathogenic features of PH include endothelial apoptosis and vascular inflammation, which drive vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Re-analysis of the whole transcriptome sequencing comparing human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) isolated from PH and control patients identified AREG, which encodes Amphiregulin, as a key endothelial survival factor. PAECs from PH patients and mice exhibited down-regulation of AREG and its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, the deficiency of AREG and EGFR in ECs in vivo and in vitro heightened inflammatory leukocyte recruitment, cytokine production, and endothelial apoptosis, as well as diminished angiogenesis. Correspondingly, hypoxic mice lacking Egfr in ECs (cdh5 cre/+ Egfr fl/fl) displayed elevated RVSP and pulmonary remodeling. Computational analysis identified NCOA6, PHB2, and RRP1B as putative genes regulating AREG in endothelial cells. The master transcription factor of hypoxia HIF-1⍺ binds to the promoter regions of these genes and up-regulates their expression in hypoxia. Silencing of these genes in cultured PAECs decreased inflammation and apoptosis, and increased angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions. Our pathway analysis and gene silencing experiments revealed that BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) is a downstream mediator of AREG BAD silencing in ECs lacking AREG mitigated inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed tube formation. In conclusion, loss of Amphiregulin and its receptor EGFR in PH is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of PH, promoting pulmonary endothelial cell death, influx of inflammatory myeloid cells, and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi-Yin Tai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee L Ohayon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott P O'Neil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anagha Arunkumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yassmin Al Aaraj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie Watson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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28
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Nanoparticle endothelial delivery of PGC-1α attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by attenuating EndoMT-caused vascular wall remodeling. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102524. [PMID: 36334380 PMCID: PMC9637961 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by chronic hypoxia is characterized by thickening of pulmonary artery walls, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and right-heart failure. Dysfunction of endothelial cells is the hallmark event in the progression of PH. Among various mechanisms, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) has emerged as an important source of endothelial cell dysfunction in PH. However, the mechanisms underlying the EndoMT in PH remain largely unknown. Our results showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression was decreased in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) in PH patients and hypoxia-induced PH mouse model compared to the normal controls. Endothelial-specific overexpression of PGC-1α using nanoparticle delivery significantly attenuated the progression of PH, as shown by the significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and diminished artery thickness as well as reduced vascular muscularization. Moreover, Endothelial-specific overexpression of PGC-1α blocked the EndoMT of PAECs during PH, indicating that loss of PGC-1α promotes PH development by mediating EndoMT, which damages the integrity of endothelium. Intriguingly, we found that PGC-1α overexpression rescued the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mouse lung tissues that was deceased by hypoxia treatment in vivo and in endothelial cells treated with TGF-β in vitro. Consistently, PAECs and vascular smooth muscle co-culture showed that overexpression of PGC-1α in PAECs increases nitric oxide release, which would likely diffuse to smooth muscle cells, where it activates specific protein kinases, and initiates SMC relaxation by diminishing the calcium flux. Endothelial-specific overexpression of PGC-1α also attenuated hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery stiffness which appeared to be caused by both the decreased endothelial nitric oxide production and increased vascular remodeling. Taken together, these results demonstrated that endothelial-specific delivery of PGC-1α prevents PH development by inhibiting EndoMT of PAECs and thus restoring endothelial function and reducing vascular remodeling.
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29
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Wang X, Li Q, He S, Bai J, Ma C, Zhang L, Guan X, Yuan H, Li Y, Zhu X, Mei J, Gao F, Zhu D. LncRNA FENDRR with m6A RNA methylation regulates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery endothelial cell pyroptosis by mediating DRP1 DNA methylation. Mol Med 2022; 28:126. [PMID: 36284300 PMCID: PMC9594874 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death involved in the pathophysiological progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Emerging evidence suggests that N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified transcripts of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators that participate in many diseases. However, whether m6A modified transcripts of lncRNAs can regulate pyroptosis in HPH progression remains unexplored. Methods The expression levels of FENDRR in hypoxic pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Western blot, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, Hoechst 33342/PI fluorescence staining and Caspase-1 activity assay were used to detect the role of FENDRR in HPAEC pyroptosis. The relationship between FENDRR and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) was explored using bioinformatics analysis, Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (CHIRP), Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) assays. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and m6A dot blot were used to detect the m6A modification levels of FENDRR. A hypoxia-induced mouse model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was used to test preventive effect of conserved fragment TFO2 of FENDRR. Results We found that FENDRR was significantly downregulated in the nucleus of hypoxic HPAECs. FENDRR overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced HPAEC pyroptosis. Additionally, DRP1 is a downstream target gene of FENDRR, and FENDRR formed an RNA–DNA triplex with the promoter of DRP1, which led to an increase in DRP1 promoter methylation that decreased the transcriptional level of DRP1. Notably, we illustrated that the m6A reader YTHDC1 plays an important role in m6A-modified FENDRR degradation. Additionally, conserved fragment TFO2 of FENDEE overexpression prevented HPH in vivo. Conclusion In summary, our results demonstrated that m6A-induced decay of FENDRR promotes HPAEC pyroptosis by regulating DRP1 promoter methylation and thereby provides a novel potential target for HPH therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00551-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - June Bai
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Zhu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Mei
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China. .,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China. .,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Xinyang Road, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Chen F, Yue LL, Ntsobe TE, Qin LL, Zeng Y, Xie MF, Huang HJ, Peng W, Zeng LS, Liu HJ, Liu Q. Endothelial mesenchymal transformation and relationship with vascular abnormalities. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Rodor J, Chen SH, Scanlon JP, Monteiro JP, Caudrillier A, Sweta S, Stewart KR, Shmakova A, Dobie R, Henderson BEP, Stewart K, Hadoke PWF, Southwood M, Moore SD, Upton PD, Morrell NW, Li Z, Chan SY, Handen A, Lafyatis R, de Rooij LPMH, Henderson NC, Carmeliet P, Spiroski AM, Brittan M, Baker AH. Single-cell RNA sequencing profiling of mouse endothelial cells in response to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2519-2534. [PMID: 34528097 PMCID: PMC9400412 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction drives the initiation and pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aimed to characterize EC dynamics in PAH at single-cell resolution. METHODS AND RESULTS We carried out single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of lung ECs isolated from an EC lineage-tracing mouse model in Control and SU5416/hypoxia-induced PAH conditions. EC populations corresponding to distinct lung vessel types, including two discrete capillary populations, were identified in both Control and PAH mice. Differential gene expression analysis revealed global PAH-induced EC changes that were confirmed by bulk RNA-seq. This included upregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway, supporting a role for ECs in the inflammatory response in PAH. We also identified a PAH response specific to the second capillary EC population including upregulation of genes involved in cell death, cell motility, and angiogenesis. Interestingly, four genes with genetic variants associated with PAH were dysregulated in mouse ECs in PAH. To compare relevance across PAH models and species, we performed a detailed analysis of EC heterogeneity and response to PAH in rats and humans through whole-lung PAH scRNA-seq datasets, revealing that 51% of up-regulated mouse genes were also up-regulated in rat or human PAH. We identified promising new candidates to target endothelial dysfunction including CD74, the knockdown of which regulates EC proliferation and barrier integrity in vitro. Finally, with an in silico cell ordering approach, we identified zonation-dependent changes across the arteriovenous axis in mouse PAH and showed upregulation of the Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 at the junction between the macro- and microvasculature. CONCLUSION This study uncovers PAH-induced EC transcriptomic changes at a high resolution, revealing novel targets for potential therapeutic candidate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rodor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Shiau Haln Chen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jessica P Scanlon
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - João P Monteiro
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Axelle Caudrillier
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sweta Sweta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Katherine Ross Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alena Shmakova
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Beth E P Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kevin Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mark Southwood
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen D Moore
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziwen Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Handen
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura P M H de Rooij
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), VIB and KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), VIB and KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ana Mishel Spiroski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Salt-inducible kinases: new players in pulmonary arterial hypertension? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:806-819. [PMID: 35851157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are serine/threonine kinases belonging to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family. Accumulating evidence indicates that SIKs phosphorylate multiple targets, including histone deacetylases (HDACs) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs), to coordinate signaling pathways implicated in metabolism, cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. These pathways downstream of SIKs are altered not only in pathologies like cancer, systemic hypertension, and inflammatory diseases, but also in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a multifactorial disease characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, inflammation and remodeling of pulmonary arteries owing to endothelial dysfunction and aberrant proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In this opinion article, we present evidence of SIKs as modulators of key signaling pathways involved in PAH pathophysiology and discuss the potential of SIKs as therapeutic targets for PAH, emphasizing the need for deeper molecular insights on PAH.
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Qiao X, Hou G, He YL, Song DF, An Y, Altawil A, Zhou XM, Wang QY, Kang J, Yin Y. The Novel Regulatory Role of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Axis in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:927549. [PMID: 35769905 PMCID: PMC9234692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.927549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, characterized by airway inflammation and airway remodelling, are increasing as a cause of morbidity and mortality for all age groups and races across the world. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory airway diseases have not been fully explored. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently attracted much attention for their roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. A number of studies have confirmed that both lncRNAs and miRNAs can regulate the initiation and progression of chronic airway diseases by targeting mRNAs and regulating different cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, accumulative evidence has shown that the novel regulatory mechanism underlying the interaction among lncRNAs, miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) plays a critical role in the pathophysiological processes of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the regulatory roles of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in different cell types and their potential roles as biomarkers, indicators of comorbidities or therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory airway diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Fang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Abdullah Altawil
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123724. [PMID: 35744848 PMCID: PMC9229274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is clinically characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure, followed by right ventricular hypertrophy and subsequently right heart failure. The underlying mechanism of PAH includes endothelial dysfunction and intimal smooth muscle proliferation. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress is critical in the pathophysiology of PAH and involves changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen (RNS), and nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways. Disrupted ROS and NO signaling pathways cause the proliferation of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), resulting in DNA damage, metabolic abnormalities, and vascular remodeling. Antioxidant treatment has become a main area of research for the treatment of PAH. This review mainly introduces oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PAH and antioxidative therapies and explains why targeting oxidative stress is a valid strategy for PAH treatment.
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Shin JH, Seo BG, Lee IW, Kim HJ, Seo EC, Lee KM, Jeon SB, Baek SK, Kim TS, Lee JH, Choi JW, Hwangbo C, Lee JH. Functional Characterization of Endothelial Cells Differentiated from Porcine Epiblast Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1524. [PMID: 35563830 PMCID: PMC9104949 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs), lining blood vessels' lumen, play an essential role in regulating vascular functions. As multifunctional components of vascular structures, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are the promising source for potential therapeutic applications in various vascular diseases. Our laboratory has previously established an approach for differentiating porcine epiblast stem cells (pEpiSCs) into ECs, representing an alternative and potentially superior cell source. However, the condition of pEpiSCs-derived ECs growth has yet to be determined, and whether pEpiSCs differentiate into functional ECs remained unclear. Changes in morphology, proliferation and functional endothelial marker were assessed in pEpiSCs-derived ECs in vitro. pEpiSCs-derived ECs were subjected to magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to collect CD-31+ of ECs. We found that sorted ECs showed the highest proliferation rate in differentiation media in primary culture and M199 media in the subculture. Next, sorted ECs were examined for their ability to act as typical vascular ECs through capillary-like structure formation assay, Dil-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) uptake, and three-dimensional spheroid sprouting. Consequently, pEpiSCs-derived ECs function as typical vascular ECs, indicating that pEpiSC-derived ECs might be used to develop cell therapeutics for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hong Shin
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
| | - Bo-Gyeong Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - In-Won Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun-Chan Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24414, Korea;
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24414, Korea;
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Conran N, Costa FF. Sickle Cell Disease and Oxidative Stress: Implications for a Role of Diminished Endothelial SOD2 in Pulmonary Complications. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac021. [PMID: 36156896 PMCID: PMC9492249 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-878, Brazil
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Hemin-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Hemolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094763. [PMID: 35563154 PMCID: PMC9104708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease is an independent predictor of mortality, yet the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease in chronic hemolytic disorders remains incompletely understood and treatment options are limited primarily to supportive care. The release of extracellular hemoglobin has been implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension, and in this study we explored the direct effects of hemin, the oxidized moiety of heme, on the pulmonary artery endothelium. We found that low dose hemin exposure leads to significantly increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine release as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Protein expression changes in our pulmonary artery endothelial cells showed upregulation of mesenchymal markers after hemin treatment in conjunction with a decrease in endothelial markers. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) resulting from hemin exposure was further confirmed by showing upregulation of the transcription factors SNAI1 and SLUG, known to regulate EndoMT. Lastly, given the endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transition observed, the endothelial cytoskeleton was considered a potential novel target. Inhibiting myosin light chain kinase, to prevent phosphorylation of myosin light chain and cytoskeletal contraction, attenuated hemin-induced endothelial hyper-proliferation, migration, and cytokine release. The findings in this study implicate hemin as a key inducer of endothelial dysfunction through EndoMT, which may play an important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling during the development of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hemolytic states.
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is an enigmatic, deleterious disease driven by multiple heterogeneous causes with a burgeoning proportion of older patients with complex, chronic comorbidities without adequate treatment options. The underlying endothelial pathophenotypes that direct vasoconstriction and panvascular remodeling remain both controversial and incompletely defined. This review discusses emerging concepts centered on endothelial senescence in pulmonary vascular disease. This principle proposes a more heterogeneous, dynamic pulmonary endothelium in disease; it provides a potentially unifying feature of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension irrespective of cause; and it supports a clinically relevant link between aging and pulmonary hypertension like other chronic illnesses. Thus, taking cues from studies on aging and age-related diseases, we present possible opportunities and barriers to diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of senescence in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda K Culley
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA
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Bon RS, Wright DJ, Beech DJ, Sukumar P. Pharmacology of TRPC Channels and Its Potential in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:427-446. [PMID: 34499525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030121-122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins assemble to form homo- or heterotetrameric, nonselective cation channels permeable to K+, Na+, and Ca2+. TRPC channels are thought to act as complex integrators of physical and chemical environmental stimuli. Although the understanding of essential physiological roles of TRPC channels is incomplete, their implication in various pathological mechanisms and conditions of the nervous system, kidneys, and cardiovascular system in combination with the lack of major adverse effects of TRPC knockout or TRPC channel inhibition is driving the search of TRPC channel modulators as potential therapeutics. Here, we review the most promising small-molecule TRPC channel modulators, the understanding of their mode of action, and their potential in the study and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Bon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David J Wright
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David J Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
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Mastej V, Axen C, Wary A, Minshall RD, Wary KK. A requirement for Krüppel Like Factor-4 in the maintenance of endothelial cell quiescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003028. [PMID: 36425528 PMCID: PMC9679496 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale and Goal: Endothelial cells (ECs) are quiescent and critical for maintaining homeostatic functions of the mature vascular system, while disruption of quiescence is at the heart of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that KLF4 maintains the EC quiescence. Methods and Results: In ECs, KLF4 bound to KLF2, and the KLF4-transctivation domain (TAD) interacted directly with KLF2. KLF4-depletion increased KLF2 expression, accompanied by phosphorylation of SMAD3, increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), VCAM-1, TGF-β1, and ACE2, but decreased VE-cadherin expression. In the absence of Klf4, Klf2 bound to the Klf2-promoter/enhancer region and autoregulated its own expression. Loss of EC-Klf4 in Rosa mT/mG ::Klf4 fl/fl ::Cdh5 CreERT2 engineered mice, increased Klf2 levels and these cells underwent EndMT. Importantly, these mice harboring EndMT was also accompanied by lung inflammation, disruption of lung alveolar architecture, and pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion: In quiescent ECs, KLF2 and KLF4 partnered to regulate a combinatorial mechanism. The loss of KLF4 disrupted this combinatorial mechanism, thereby upregulating KLF2 as an adaptive response. However, increased KLF2 expression overdrives for the loss of KLF4, giving rise to an EndMT phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mastej
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cassondra Axen
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anita Wary
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
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41
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Kumar N, Saraber P, Ding Z, Kusumbe AP. Diversity of Vascular Niches in Bones and Joints During Homeostasis, Ageing, and Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798211. [PMID: 34975909 PMCID: PMC8718446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bones and joints in the skeletal system are composed of diverse cell types, including vascular niches, bone cells, connective tissue cells and mineral deposits and regulate whole-body homeostasis. The capacity of maintaining strength and generation of blood lineages lies within the skeletal system. Bone harbours blood and immune cells and their progenitors, and vascular cells provide several immune cell type niches. Blood vessels in bone are phenotypically and functionally diverse, with distinct capillary subtypes exhibiting striking changes with age. The bone vasculature has a special impact on osteogenesis and haematopoiesis, and dysregulation of the vasculature is associated with diverse blood and bone diseases. Ageing is associated with perturbed haematopoiesis, loss of osteogenesis, increased adipogenesis and diminished immune response and immune cell production. Endothelial and perivascular cells impact immune cell production and play a crucial role during inflammation. Here, we discuss normal and maladapted vascular niches in bone during development, homeostasis, ageing and bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Further, we discuss the role of vascular niches during bone malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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42
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Wang Z, Chen J, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Rodriguez M, Ayon RJ, Ravellette KS, Wu L, Balistrieri F, Tang H, Wu X, Zhao T, Black SM, Desai AA, Garcia JGN, Sun X, Shyy JYJ, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1010-C1027. [PMID: 34669509 PMCID: PMC8714987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezo is a mechanosensitive cation channel responsible for stretch-mediated Ca2+ and Na+ influx in multiple types of cells. Little is known about the functional role of Piezo1 in the lung vasculature and its potential pathogenic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) are constantly under mechanic stretch and shear stress that are sufficient to activate Piezo channels. Here, we report that Piezo1 is significantly upregulated in PAECs from patients with idiopathic PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls. Membrane stretch by decreasing extracellular osmotic pressure or by cyclic stretch (18% CS) increases Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation (p) of AKT and ERK, and subsequently upregulates expression of Notch ligands, Jagged1/2 (Jag-1 and Jag-2), and Delta like-4 (DLL4) in PAECs. siRNA-mediated downregulation of Piezo1 significantly inhibited the stretch-mediated pAKT increase and Jag-1 upregulation, whereas downregulation of AKT by siRNA markedly attenuated the stretch-mediated Jag-1 upregulation in human PAECs. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of Piezo1 in the isolated pulmonary artery, which mainly contains pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), from animals with severe PH was also significantly higher than that from control animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a Piezo1 channel blocker, GsMTx4, ameliorated experimental PH in mice. Taken together, our study suggests that membrane stretch-mediated Ca2+ influx through Piezo1 is an important trigger for pAKT-mediated upregulation of Jag-1 in PAECs. Upregulation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and the resultant increase in the Notch ligands (Jag-1/2 and DLL4) in PAECs may play a critical pathogenic role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Keeley S Ravellette
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Linda Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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Shafiq M, Lone ZR, Bharati P, Singh H, Jagavelu K, Verma NK, Ghosh JK, Gaestel M, Hanif K. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in endothelial dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci 2021; 286:120075. [PMID: 34678260 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increased proliferation, inflammation, and endothelial microparticle (EMP) generation in the pulmonary vasculature lead to endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Interestingly, MK2, a downstream of p38MAPK, is a central regulator of inflammation, proliferation, and EMP generation in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of MK2 in pulmonary endothelial dysfunction remains unexplored. MAIN METHODS The Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial cells (HPAECs) were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) for 72 h, and MK2 inhibition was achieved by siRNA treatment. Western blotting, qualitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunoassays were conducted to study pathological alterations and molecular mechanisms. Neoangiogenesis was studied using cell migration and tubule formation assays. For in vivo study, Male Sprague Dawley rats and MK2 knock-out mice with littermate control were treated with monocrotaline (MCT) 60 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, respectively (s.c. once in rat and weekly in mice) to induce PH. MMI-0100 (40 μg/kg, i.p. daily for 35 days), was administered in rats to inhibit MK2. KEY FINDINGS MK2 inhibition significantly decreased inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and improved mitochondrial functions in hypoxic HPAECs. Hypoxia promoted cell migration, VEGF expression, and angiogenesis in HPAECs, which were also reversed by MK2 siRNA. MK2 inhibition decreased EMP generation and increased the expression of p-eNOS in hypoxic HPAECs, a marker of endothelial function. Furthermore, MK2 deficiency and inhibition both reduced the EMP generation in mice and rats, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE These findings proved that MK2 is involved in endothelial dysfunction, and its inhibition may be beneficial for endothelial function in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafiq
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zahid Rasool Lone
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pragya Bharati
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himalaya Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Verma
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jimut Kanti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute for Zellbiochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), OE 4310, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Critical Care Management of Decompensated Right Heart Failure in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients - An Ongoing Approach. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2021; 7:170-183. [PMID: 34722920 PMCID: PMC8519386 DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial advancements in diagnosis and specific medical therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients’ management, this condition continues to represent a major cause of mortality worldwide. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, the continuous increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and rapid development of right heart failure determine a poor prognosis. Against targeted therapy, patients inexorable deteriorate over time. Pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with acute right heart failure who need intensive care unit admission present a complexity of the disease pathophysiology. Intensive care management challenges are multifaceted. Awareness of algorithms of right-sided heart failure monitoring in intensive care units, targeted pulmonary hypertension therapies, and recognition of precipitating factors, hemodynamic instability and progressive multisystem organ failure requires a multidisciplinary pulmonary hypertension team. This paper summarizes the management strategies of acute right-sided heart failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension adult cases based on recently available data.
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45
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Xu Q, Zhuo K, Cai R, Su X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhu L, Ren F, Zhou MS. Activation of Yes-Associated Protein/PDZ-Binding Motif Pathway Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Inflammation in AngiotensinII Hypertension. Front Physiol 2021; 12:732084. [PMID: 34650444 PMCID: PMC8505766 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its associated coactivator of PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are co-transcriptional regulators and down effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. Recent studies have shown that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway may play a role in mediating vascular homeostasis. This study investigated the role of YAP/TAZ in endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in angiotensin (Ang)II hypertensive mice. The infusion of AngII (1.1 mg/kg/day by mini-pump) for 3 weeks induced the activation of YAP/TAZ, manifested by decreased cytosolic phosphor-YAP and phosphor-TAZ, and increased YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation, which were prevented by YAP/TAZ inhibitor verteporfin. AngII significantly increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), macrophage infiltration, and expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, and impaired endothelial function in the aorta of the mice. Treatment with verteporfin improved endothelial function and reduced vascular inflammation with a mild reduction in SBP. AngII also induced YAP/TAZ activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, which were prevented by LB-100, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A, a major dephosphorylase). Treatment with LB-100 reversed AngII-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression and impairment of phosphor-eNOS expression in vitro. Our results suggest that AngII induces YAP/TAZ activation via PP2A-dependent dephosphorylation, which may contribute to the impairment of endothelial function and the induction of vascular inflammation in hypertension. YAP/TAZ may be a new target for hypertensive vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Kunping Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiping Cai
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Fu Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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46
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Wu C, Ha Y, Zou Y, Liao X, Zhang S, Zhang X, Li R, Xing J, Jie W, Guo J, Li J, Shen Z. Pathologic role of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in pulmonary artery remodeling. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11162-11177. [PMID: 34786049 PMCID: PMC8581927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is crucial for cell proliferation, but its role in pulmonary artery remodeling (PAR) is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression and contribution of Pin1 in PAR. Treatment with Pin1 inhibitor Juglone or Pin1-specific siRNAs ameliorated the expression of Pin1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in vitro, and Juglone treatment arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Treatment with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) also enhanced Pin1 expression and PASMC proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Pin1 and PCNA expression levels were increased and positively correlated with each other in PAR samples from humans and monocrotaline-treated Sprague-Dawley rats; these proteins were mainly localized in arteries undergoing remodeling, as well as inflammatory cells, and hyperplastic bronchial epithelial cells. Intraperitoneal injection of Juglone also led to morphologic and hemodynamic changes in PAR rats. Additionally, PAR rats displayed higher serum and lung TGF-β1 levels compared with controls, while administration of Juglone to PAR rats suppressed serum and lung TGF-β1 levels. The findings in this study suggest that TGF-β1 and Pin1 constitute a positive feedback loop, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of PAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Ha
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Liao
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical UniveraityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaodian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical UniveraityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Rujia Li
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingci Xing
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical UniveraityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical UniveraityHaikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Zhihua Shen
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
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Demirel M, Külahçıoğlu Ş, Tokgöz HC, Akbal ÖY, Hakgör A, Karagöz A, Tanyeri S, Keskin B, Kültürsay B, Efe SÇ, Bayram Z, Tanboğa İH, Özdemir N, Kaymaz C. Impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent systemic vasodilatory reserve in pulmonary hypertension regardless the clinical group: A generalized dysfunction beyond the pulmonary arteries? Anatol J Cardiol 2021; 25:733-740. [PMID: 34622788 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelium-dependent (ED) and endothelium-independent (EI) flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) have been used as measures of systemic arterial vasodilatory reserve. In this study, we aimed to assess both ED-FMD and EI-FMD in different groups with pulmonary hypertension (PH), and to investigate the relationship of these measures with clinical, echocardiographic, and invasive parameters of diseases severity and targeted treatment status. METHODS Our study population comprised 41 patients with PH [28 (68.2%) women, age 46.3±19.6 years] including idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, Eisenmenger syndrome, and chronic thromboembolic PH in whom diagnosis were confirmed in accordance with current guidelines and 17 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The brachial artery (BA) was used for assessment of FMD with Duplex ultrasound, and serial changes in diameter were recorded at baseline, 1, and 3 minutes after termination of 2-minute external occlusive compression for ED-FMD, and after sublingual intake of glycerol trinitrate for EI-FMD, respectively. RESULTS Compared with controls, overall the PH group showed significantly lower ED-FMD (0.65±0.21 vs. 0.30±0.23 and 0.65±0.18 vs. 0.24±0.21) and EI-FMD (0.67±0.15 vs. 0.37±0.25 and 0.75±0.20 vs. 0.32±0.24) responses at 1st and 3rd min (p<0.001 for all). All these changes in the values of ED-FMD and EI-FMD were comparable among the PH subgroups. Neither ED-FMD nor EI-FMD were correlated with measures of PH severity and targeted therapy (TT) status (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest an impaired BA vasodilatory reserve in patients with PH regardless of the clinical subgroup. Although these findings seem to be consistent with systemic dysfunction, acute FMD may not reflect the severity of PH and cannot be used as a potential surrogate for outcome in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Demirel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Şeyhmus Külahçıoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Hacer Ceren Tokgöz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Özgür Y Akbal
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Aykun Hakgör
- Department of Cardiology, Bingöl State Hospital; Bingöl-Turkey
| | - Ali Karagöz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Seda Tanyeri
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Berhan Keskin
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Barkın Kültürsay
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Süleyman Çağan Efe
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Bayram
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | | | - Nihal Özdemir
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Cihangir Kaymaz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
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48
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Demirel M, Külahçıoğlu Ş, Tokgöz HC, Akbal ÖY, Hakgör A, Karagöz A, Tanyeri S, Keskin B, Kültürsay B, Efe SÇ, Bayram Z, Tanboğa İH, Özdemir N, Kaymaz C. Impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent systemic vasodilatory reserve in pulmonary hypertension regardless the clinical group: A generalized dysfunction beyond the pulmonary arteries? Anatol J Cardiol 2021. [PMID: 34622788 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.474)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelium-dependent (ED) and endothelium-independent (EI) flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) have been used as measures of systemic arterial vasodilatory reserve. In this study, we aimed to assess both ED-FMD and EI-FMD in different groups with pulmonary hypertension (PH), and to investigate the relationship of these measures with clinical, echocardiographic, and invasive parameters of diseases severity and targeted treatment status. METHODS Our study population comprised 41 patients with PH [28 (68.2%) women, age 46.3±19.6 years] including idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, Eisenmenger syndrome, and chronic thromboembolic PH in whom diagnosis were confirmed in accordance with current guidelines and 17 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The brachial artery (BA) was used for assessment of FMD with Duplex ultrasound, and serial changes in diameter were recorded at baseline, 1, and 3 minutes after termination of 2-minute external occlusive compression for ED-FMD, and after sublingual intake of glycerol trinitrate for EI-FMD, respectively. RESULTS Compared with controls, overall the PH group showed significantly lower ED-FMD (0.65±0.21 vs. 0.30±0.23 and 0.65±0.18 vs. 0.24±0.21) and EI-FMD (0.67±0.15 vs. 0.37±0.25 and 0.75±0.20 vs. 0.32±0.24) responses at 1st and 3rd min (p<0.001 for all). All these changes in the values of ED-FMD and EI-FMD were comparable among the PH subgroups. Neither ED-FMD nor EI-FMD were correlated with measures of PH severity and targeted therapy (TT) status (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest an impaired BA vasodilatory reserve in patients with PH regardless of the clinical subgroup. Although these findings seem to be consistent with systemic dysfunction, acute FMD may not reflect the severity of PH and cannot be used as a potential surrogate for outcome in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Demirel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Şeyhmus Külahçıoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Hacer Ceren Tokgöz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Özgür Y Akbal
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Aykun Hakgör
- Department of Cardiology, Bingöl State Hospital; Bingöl-Turkey
| | - Ali Karagöz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Seda Tanyeri
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Berhan Keskin
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Barkın Kültürsay
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Süleyman Çağan Efe
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Bayram
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | | | - Nihal Özdemir
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Cihangir Kaymaz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey
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Wang A, Valdez-Jasso D. Cellular mechanosignaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:747-756. [PMID: 34765048 PMCID: PMC8555029 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vasculopathy characterized by sustained elevated pulmonary arterial pressures in which the pulmonary vasculature undergoes significant structural and functional remodeling. To better understand disease mechanisms, in this review article we highlight recent insights into the regulation of pulmonary arterial cells by mechanical cues associated with PAH. Specifically, the mechanobiology of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts (PAAFs) has been investigated in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure increases vessel wall stress and strain and endothelial fluid shear stress. These mechanical cues promote vasoconstriction and fibrosis that contribute further to hypertension and alter the mechanical milieu and regulation of pulmonary arterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Wang
- Bioengineering Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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MicroRNA-137 Inhibited Hypoxia-Induced Proliferation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting Calpain-2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2202888. [PMID: 34513987 PMCID: PMC8426064 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is an important cause of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). It has been reported that miR-137 inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells. However, whether miR-137 is involved in PH remains unclear. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 10% O2 for 3 weeks to establish PH, and rat primary PASMCs were treated with hypoxia (3% O2) for 48 h to induce cell proliferation. The effect of miR-137 on PASMC proliferation and calpain-2 expression was assessed by transfecting miR-137 mimic and inhibitor. The effect of calpain-2 on PASMC proliferation was assessed by transfecting calpain-2 siRNA. The present study found for the first time that miR-137 was downregulated in pulmonary arteries of hypoxic PH rats and in hypoxia-treated PASMCs. miR-137 mimic inhibited hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and upregulation of calpain-2 expression in PASMCs. Furthermore, miR-137 inhibitor induced the proliferation of PASMCs under normoxia, and knockdown of calpain-2 mRNA by siRNA significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia-induced downregulation of miR-137 expression promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by targeting calpain-2, thereby potentially resulting in pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxic PH.
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