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Akinsanya A, González IA. Liver manifestation of patients with celiac disease: A single center experience. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 71:152327. [PMID: 38754356 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characterize the clinicopathologic features of liver biopsies from patients with celiac disease (CD). METHODS Single center, retrospective search for liver biopsies from patients with CD. RESULTS 36 unique patients were included, median age of 46 years (range: 2-75), including 5 pediatric patients, with an overall female predominance (25, 69 %) but in in children a male predominance was seen (p = 0.023). Most cases (75 %) had an underlying condition including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (11 %), AIH/primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) overlap (3 %) and PBC (3 %). The median body mass index was 28, with 4 (11 %) underweight and 22 (61 %) overweight/obese patients. The most common histologic pattern was steatosis (18, 50 %), considered severe in 5 (14 %) and in 7 (19 %) regarded as steatohepatitis. The other histologic patterns included a nonspecific portal and/or lobular inflammation ("celiac hepatitis") in 9 cases (25 %), autoimmune hepatitis (3, 8 %), chronic cholestatic pattern (3, 8 %), chronic hepatitis (1, 3 %), acute lobular hepatitis (1, 3 %) and stablished cirrhosis (1, 3 %). Additionally, 2 of the cases with steatosis show cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS The biopsy findings from patients with CD are heterogenous and in most represent a concomitant underlying disease, particularly metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Additionally, CD injury should remain in the differential diagnosis in liver biopsies with a nonspecific portal and/or lobular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyinka Akinsanya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Iván A González
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America.
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2
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Aguas-Ayesa M, Yárnoz-Esquiroz P, Perdomo CM, Olazarán L, Vegas-Aguilar IM, García-Almeida JM, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Revisiting the beyond BMI paradigm in excess weight diagnosis and management: A call to action. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14218. [PMID: 38629697 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Adolphe Quételet, a 19th-century Belgian sociologist and statistician, pioneered the incorporation of statistics into social sciences. He initiated the development of anthropometry since he was interested in identifying the proportions of the 'ideal man'. He devised a ratio between weight and height, originally termed the Quételet Index, and today widely known and used as the body mass index or BMI. In 1835, he demonstrated that a normal curve accommodates the distribution of human traits articulating his reasoning on human variance around the average. Quételet's long-lasting legacy of the establishment of a simple measure to classify people's weight relative to an ideal for their height endures today with minor variations having dramatically influenced public health agendas. While being very useful, the limitations of the BMI are well known. Thus, revisiting the beyond BMI paradigm is a necessity in the era of precision medicine with morphofunctional assessment representing the way forward via incorporation of body composition and functionality appraisal. While healthcare systems were originally designed to address acute illnesses, today's demands require a radical rethinking together with an original reappraisal of our diagnosis and treatment approaches from a multidimensional perspective. Embracing new methodologies is the way forward to advance the field, gain a closer look at the underlying pathophysiology of excess weight, keep the spotlight on improving diagnostic performance and demonstrate its clinical validity. In order to provide every patient with the most accurate diagnosis together with the most appropriate management, a high degree of standardization and personalization is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Aguas-Ayesa
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Yárnoz-Esquiroz
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina M Perdomo
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Olazarán
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel M Vegas-Aguilar
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Almeida
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Quironsalud Málaga Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Liu Z, Wang H, Fan D, Xu T, Wan F, Xia Q. Asia's Growing Contribution to Obesity Surgery Research: A 40-year Bibliometric Analysis. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2139-2153. [PMID: 38448708 PMCID: PMC11127875 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bariatric metabolic surgery's global research interest is growing, particularly in Asia due to its high obesity rates. This study focuses on Asia, especially China, analyzing 3904 publications (1221 from China) from 1980 to 2022. Research output accelerated until the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by economic growth and rising obesity rates. China led contributions from 2010, but Western Asia led when adjusted for population. An intra-regional research collaboration network emerged, driven by geographic proximity and similar economic environments. Keyword analysis highlighted emerging topics like "laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy" and "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," indicating a shift in focus. The study recommends disseminating research in top-tier journals to enhance visibility and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Liu
- International Business School Suzhou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fuzhen Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xia
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health & Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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4
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Alkhatib A, Obita G. Childhood Obesity and Its Comorbidities in High-Risk Minority Populations: Prevalence, Prevention and Lifestyle Intervention Guidelines. Nutrients 2024; 16:1730. [PMID: 38892662 PMCID: PMC11175158 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity and its associated comorbidities is a growing global health problem that disproportionately affects populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and minority ethnicities in high-income countries (HICs). The increased childhood obesity disparities among populations reflect two concerns: one is HICs' ineffective intervention approaches in terms of lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity in minority populations, and the second is the virtually non-existent lifestyle obesity interventions in LMICs. This article provides guidelines on childhood obesity and its comorbidities in high-risk minority populations based on understanding the prevalence and effectiveness of preventative lifestyle interventions. First, we highlight how inadequate obesity screening by body mass index (BMI) can be resolved by using objective adiposity fat percentage measurements alongside anthropometric and physiological components, including lean tissue and bone density. National healthcare childhood obesity prevention initiatives should embed obesity cut-off points for minority ethnicities, especially Asian and South Asian ethnicities within UK and USA populations, whose obesity-related metabolic risks are often underestimated. Secondly, lifestyle interventions are underutilised in children and adolescents with obesity and its comorbidities, especially in minority ethnicity population groups. The overwhelming evidence on lifestyle interventions involving children with obesity comorbidities from ethnic minority populations shows that personalised physical activity and nutrition interventions are successful in reversing obesity and its secondary cardiometabolic disease risks, including those related to cardiorespiratory capacity, blood pressure and glucose/insulin levels. Interventions combining cultural contextualisation and better engagement with families are the most effective in high-risk paediatric minority populations but are non-uniform amongst different minority communities. A sustained preventative health impact can be achieved through the involvement of the community, with stakeholders comprising healthcare professionals, nutritionists, exercise science specialists and policy makers. Our guidelines for obesity assessment and primary and secondary prevention of childhood obesity and associated comorbidities in minority populations are fundamental to reducing global and local health disparities and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alkhatib
- College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
| | - George Obita
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
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Bennett R, Driessen C, Zorbas C, Sacks G, Gupta A, Cameron A, Gomez-Donoso C, Peeters A, Backholer K. ' Healthier options tend to get lost in the noise of online' - Australian shoppers' experiences with online grocery platforms. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e134. [PMID: 38742445 PMCID: PMC11148825 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to understand what influences parents' purchasing behaviours when shopping for groceries online and potential ways to improve the healthiness of online grocery platforms. DESIGN We conducted semi-structured interviews, guided by the Marketing Mix framework. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse data. SETTING Online interviews were conducted with primary grocery shoppers. PARTICIPANTS Parents (n 14) or caregivers (n 2) using online grocery platforms at least every 2 weeks. RESULTS Most participants perceived purchasing healthy food when shopping for groceries online to be more challenging compared to in physical stores. They expressed concerns about the prominence of online marketing for unhealthy food. Participants from lower socio-economic backgrounds often depended on online supermarket catalogues to find price promotions, but healthy options at discounted prices were limited. Across socio-economic groups, fresh items like meat and fruit were preferred to be purchased instore due to concerns about online food quality.Participants believed online grocery platforms should make healthy foods more affordable and supported regulations on supermarket retailers to promote healthy options and limit unhealthy food promotion online. CONCLUSIONS Participants had varied experiences with online grocery shopping, with both positive and negative aspects. Efforts to improve population diets need to include mechanisms to create health-enabling online grocery retail platforms. Government interventions to restrict marketing of unhealthy foods and promote marketing of healthy options on these platforms warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bennett
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christine Driessen
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christina Zorbas
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adyya Gupta
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Clara Gomez-Donoso
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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de Medeiros WF, Gomes AFT, Aguiar AJFC, de Queiroz JLC, Bezerra IWL, da Silva-Maia JK, Piuvezam G, Morais AHDA. Anti-Obesity Therapeutic Targets Studied In Silico and In Vivo: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4699. [PMID: 38731918 PMCID: PMC11083175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the age of information technology and the additional computational search tools and software available, this systematic review aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets for obesity, evaluated in silico and subsequently validated in vivo. The systematic review was initially guided by the research question "What therapeutic targets have been used in in silico analysis for the treatment of obesity?" and structured based on the acronym PECo (P, problem; E, exposure; Co, context). The systematic review protocol was formulated and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022353808) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items Checklist for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), and the PRISMA was followed for the systematic review. The studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria, aligned with PECo, in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. The search strategy yielded 1142 articles, from which, based on the evaluation criteria, 12 were included in the systematic review. Only seven these articles allowed the identification of both in silico and in vivo reassessed therapeutic targets. Among these targets, five were exclusively experimental, one was exclusively theoretical, and one of the targets presented an experimental portion and a portion obtained by modeling. The predominant methodology used was molecular docking and the most studied target was Human Pancreatic Lipase (HPL) (n = 4). The lack of methodological details resulted in more than 50% of the papers being categorized with an "unclear risk of bias" across eight out of the eleven evaluated criteria. From the current systematic review, it seems evident that integrating in silico methodologies into studies of potential drug targets for the exploration of new therapeutic agents provides an important tool, given the ongoing challenges in controlling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendjilla F. de Medeiros
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil; (W.F.d.M.); (A.F.T.G.); (I.W.L.B.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
| | - Ana Francisca T. Gomes
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil; (W.F.d.M.); (A.F.T.G.); (I.W.L.B.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
| | - Ana Júlia F. C. Aguiar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (A.J.F.C.A.); (J.L.C.d.Q.)
| | - Jaluza Luana C. de Queiroz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (A.J.F.C.A.); (J.L.C.d.Q.)
| | - Ingrid Wilza L. Bezerra
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil; (W.F.d.M.); (A.F.T.G.); (I.W.L.B.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kelly da Silva-Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil; (W.F.d.M.); (A.F.T.G.); (I.W.L.B.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-400, Brazil;
- Public Health Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de A. Morais
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil; (W.F.d.M.); (A.F.T.G.); (I.W.L.B.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (A.J.F.C.A.); (J.L.C.d.Q.)
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
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Mosaad YM, Morzak M, Abd El Aziz El Chennawi F, Elsharkawy AA, Abdelsalam M. Evaluation of the role of FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and their relation to obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:110-122. [PMID: 38197679 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the effects of fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their relation to obesity. METHODS Fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 164 patients and 100 controls, and genotypes, alleles, and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS A significant association with T1D development was found with the TC, CC, and TC+CC genotypes and the C allele of MC4R rs17782313. In addition, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be risky for T1D development. While the TC and TC+CC genotypes of MC4R rs17782313 may be protective against obesity development, the AA genotype and A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be protective against obesity development. Regarding obese subjects, comparing diabetics vs. non-diabetic studied subjects, FTO rs9939609, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele had significantly higher frequencies in T1D with a higher risk of developing T1D. However, conducting multivariable analysis using significant covariates in univariable analysis revealed that only earlier age of T1D onset, lower C-peptide, and the MC4R dominant model were considered independent predictors of obesity within T1D. CONCLUSIONS The role of both genes' polymorphisms on the pathogenesis and the outcome of T1D and obesity can help in understanding the pathogenesis of both diseases and their associations with each other's and may be used as novel therapeutic targets for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Mosaad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mena Morzak
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Ashraf A Elsharkawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdelsalam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Alliied Helath Science, Badr University, Badr, Egypt
- Egyptian Center for Research and Regenrative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
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Griffiths M, Boivin J, Powell E, Bott L. Evaluating source credibility effects in health labelling using vending machines in a hospital setting. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296901. [PMID: 38363787 PMCID: PMC10871505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Providing advice to consumers in the form of labelling may mitigate the increased availability and low cost of foods that contribute to the obesity problem. Our objective was to test whether making the source of the health advice on the label more credible makes labelling more effective. METHODS AND MEASURES Vending machines in different locations were stocked with healthy and unhealthy products in a hospital. Healthy products were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (i) a control condition in which no labelling was present (ii) a low source credibility label, "Lighter choices", and (iii) a high source credibility label that included the UK National Health Service (NHS) logo and name, "NHS lighter choices". Unhealthy products received no labelling. The outcome measure was sales volume. RESULTS There were no main effects of labelling. However, there were significant interactions between labelling, vending machine location and payment type. For one location and payment type, sales of products increased in the high credibility label condition compared to control, particularly for unhealthy products, contrary to expectations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high source credibility health labels (NHS endorsement) on food either have little effect, or worse, can "backfire" and lead to effects opposite to those intended. The primary limitations are the limited range of source credibility labels and the scale of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melda Griffiths
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jacky Boivin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Eryl Powell
- Aneurin Bevan Gwent Public Health Team, Newport, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Bott
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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9
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Gildner TE, Urlacher SS, Nemeth KL, Beauregard JA, Pfaff Nash M, Zhang A, Waimon S, Cepon-Robins TJ. Dual burden of infectious and chronic disease in low-resource U.S. communities: examining relationships between infection, adiposity, and inflammation. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:2368851. [PMID: 38934696 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2024.2368851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising global obesity rates are linked with inflammation and associated morbidities. These negative outcomes are generally more common in low-resource communities within high-income countries; however, it is unclear how frequent infectious disease exposures in these settings may influence the relationship between adiposity and inflammation. AIM We test associations between adiposity measures and distinct forms of inflammation among adults (n = 80) living in low-resource U.S. communities experiencing high levels of obesity and pathogen exposure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Adiposity measures included BMI and percent body fat. Inflammation measures included systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) and localised intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin [FC]). The relationship between a condition characterised by elevated inflammation (Helicobacter pylori infection) and adiposity was also considered. RESULTS Adiposity was not significantly related to FC concentration. However, both adiposity measures were positively related with odds of CRP elevation and H. pylori infection was associated with significantly lower adiposity measures (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION For this disadvantaged U.S. sample, the association between adiposity and inflammation varies by the systemic/localised nature of inflammation and the likely underlying cause of inflammation. Defining these associations will improve understanding of how rising obesity rates shape long-term health inequities, with implications for more effective intervention design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine L Nemeth
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jade A Beauregard
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Angela Zhang
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sophie Waimon
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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de Souza Lima B, Sanches APV, Ferreira MS, de Oliveira JL, Cleal JK, Ignacio-Souza L. Maternal-placental axis and its impact on fetal outcomes, metabolism, and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166855. [PMID: 37633470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity could impact offspring's health. During "critical period" such as pregnancy insults have a significant role in developing chronic diseases later in life. Literature has shown that diet can play a major role in essential metabolic and development processes on fetal outcomes. Moreover, the placenta, an essential organ developed in pregnancy, seems to have its functions impaired based on pre-gestational and gestational nutritional status. Specifically, a high-fat diet has been shown as a potential nutritional insult that also affects the maternal-placental axis, which is involved in offspring development and outcome. Moreover, some classes of nutrients are associated with pregnancy complications such as reduced intake of micronutrients and diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. Thus, we will summarize the current literature on maternal environment factors that impacts the placental development and consequently the fetal an offspring health, or the maternal-placental axis, and this on fetal outcomes, metabolism, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Varela Sanches
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Schuchter Ferreira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josilene Lopes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane K Cleal
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Letícia Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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de Frel DL, Wicks H, Bakk Z, van Keulen N, Atsma DE, Janssen VR. Identifying barriers and facilitators to adopting healthier dietary choices in clinical care: a cross-sectional observational study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1178134. [PMID: 38188877 PMCID: PMC10767758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1178134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Adopting healthier diets can drastically improve societal health. Our environment plays a crucial role in daily dietary choices and hospitals in particular can stimulate patients to adopt healthier eating habits. Unfortunately, no robust clinically applicable cuing tools exist to help guide in-hospital dietary interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify patient-related barriers and facilitators to adopting healthier dietary choices. Methods and results This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on the cardiology ward of a university medical center between June 2020 and January 2021. Of the 594 patients asked and the 312 completed surveys on healthy eating intentions, 285 responses were considered for analysis. Notably, the majority of respondents were male (68.8%), with an average hospital stay of 3.3 days. The results indicate that cardiac patients attribute significantly greater influence on their dietary behavior to doctors compared to other caregivers, including dieticians (X2 = 37.09, df = 9, p < 0.001). Also, younger patients (below 70 years of age) were more inclined to plan changing dietary behavior than older patients. Most mentioned facilitators for adopting a healthier diet were more information/counseling, help in preparing food, support from family and friends, and more emphasis from a doctor. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of involving doctors in formulating dietary policies and patient-directed interventions within hospital settings. It also sheds light on the barriers and facilitators for promoting healthier dietary behaviors among patients during their hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan L. de Frel
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hope Wicks
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zsuzsa Bakk
- Section of Methodology and Statistics, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Keulen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E. Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Design, Organization and Strategy, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Veronica R. Janssen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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12
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Norton BC, Telese A, Papaefthymiou A, Aslam N, Makaronidis J, Murray C, Haidry R. Metabolic and Bariatric Endoscopy: A Mini-Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1905. [PMID: 37763308 PMCID: PMC10532500 DOI: 10.3390/life13091905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently in a worldwide obesity pandemic, which is one of the most significant health problems of the 21st century. As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, new and innovate treatments are becoming available. Metabolic and bariatric endoscopic procedures are exciting new areas of gastroenterology that have been developed as a direct response to the obesity crisis. These novel interventions offer a potentially reversible, less invasive, safer, and more cost-effective method of tackling obesity compared to traditional bariatric surgery. Minimally invasive endoscopic treatments are not entirely novel, but as technology has rapidly improved, many of the procedures have been proven to be extremely effective for weight loss and metabolic health, based on high-quality clinical trial data. This mini-review examines the existing evidence for the most prominent metabolic and bariatric procedures, followed by a discussion on the future trajectory of this emerging subspecialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Charles Norton
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, 33 Grosvenor Pl, London SW1X 7HY, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Telese
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, 33 Grosvenor Pl, London SW1X 7HY, UK
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Nasar Aslam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Janine Makaronidis
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospital, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University College London Hospital, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Charles Murray
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, 33 Grosvenor Pl, London SW1X 7HY, UK
| | - Rehan Haidry
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, 33 Grosvenor Pl, London SW1X 7HY, UK
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13
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de Roo M, Hartman C, Veenstra R, Nolte IM, Meier K, Vrijen C, Kretschmer T. Gene-Environment Interplay in the Development of Overweight. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:574-581. [PMID: 37318409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overweight in youth is influenced by genes and environment. Gene-environment interaction (G×E) has been demonstrated in twin studies and recent developments in genetics allow for studying G×E using individual genetic predispositions for overweight. We examine genetic influence on trajectories of overweight during adolescence and early adulthood and determine whether genetic predisposition is attenuated by higher socioeconomic status and having physically active parents. METHODS Latent class growth models of overweight were fitted using data from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (n = 2720). A polygenic score for body mass index (BMI) was derived using summary statistics from a genome-wide association study of adult BMI (N = ∼700,000) and tested as predictor of developmental pathways of overweight. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine effects of interactions of genetic predisposition with socioeconomic status and parental physical activity (n = 1675). RESULTS A three-class model of developmental pathways of overweight fitted the data best ("non-overweight", "adolescent-onset overweight", and "persistent overweight"). The polygenic score for BMI and socioeconomic status distinguished the persistent overweight and adolescent-onset overweight trajectories from the non-overweight trajectory. Only genetic predisposition differentiated the adolescent-onset from the persistent overweight trajectory. There was no evidence for G×E. DISCUSSION Higher genetic predisposition increased the risk of developing overweight during adolescence and young adulthood and was associated with an earlier age at onset. We did not find that genetic predisposition was offset by higher socioeconomic status or having physically active parents. Instead, lower socioeconomic status and higher genetic predisposition acted as additive risk factors for developing overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe de Roo
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Catharina Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - René Veenstra
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja Maria Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karien Meier
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Vrijen
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tina Kretschmer
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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14
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Egele VS, Klopp E, Stark R. Evaluating self-reported retrospective average daily fruit, vegetable, and egg intake: Trustworthy-Sometimes! Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1130-1149. [PMID: 36509422 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retrospective self-reports are commonly used to assess dietary intake. Yet, their use is criticized as it is unclear whether the underlying assumptions for valid self-reports are met: Individuals have to consider the behavior of all days in the retention interval and weigh the behavior of all days equally. This study examines whether these assumptions for retrospective self-reports are met and whether interindividual differences in self-report performance are relevant regarding these assumptions. Ninety-two participants aged 18-61 years participated in seven sequential 24-h recalls and one retrospective 7-day recall concerning their intake of fruit, vegetables, and eggs. A multiple linear regression approach was used to examine the relation between the daily reported dietary intake and the 7-day recall. In the overall sample, the requirements for retrospective self-reports were not tenable. Distinguishing good and poor self-reporters based on a rational criterion showed that the requirements can be taken as given for good self-reporters, whereas poor self-reporters base their retrospective self-reports mostly on recency effects. The underlying requirements for retrospective self-reports appear to be met in two thirds of the sample, supporting the use of retrospective self-reports to capture dietary behavior. Future research should investigate characteristics separating good from poor self-reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria S Egele
- Department of Educational Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eric Klopp
- Department of Educational Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robin Stark
- Department of Educational Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Wen X, Palma-Gudiel H, Miao G, Chen M, Huo Z, Peng H, Anton S, Hu G, Brock R, Brantley PJ, Zhao J. DNA methylation is differentially associated with glycemic outcomes by different types of weight-loss interventions: an epigenome-wide association study. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:108. [PMID: 37393279 PMCID: PMC10314401 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) have been reported to be a mechanism by which bariatric surgeries resulted in considerable metabolic improvements. Previous studies have mostly focused on change in DNAm following weight-loss interventions, yet whether DNAm prior to intervention can explain the variability in glycemic outcomes has not been investigated. Here, we aim to examine whether baseline DNAm is differentially associated with glycemic outcomes induced by different types of weight-loss interventions. METHODS Participants were 75 adults with severe obesity who underwent non-surgical intensive medical intervention (IMI), adjustable gastric band (BAND) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 25 each). Changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured at 1-year after intervention. DNAm was quantified by Illumina 450 K arrays in baseline peripheral blood DNA. Epigenome-wide association studies were performed to identify CpG probes that modify the effects of different weight-loss interventions on glycemic outcomes, i.e., changes in FPG and HbA1c, by including an interaction term between types of intervention and DNAm. Models were adjusted for weight loss and baseline clinical factors. RESULTS Baseline DNAm levels at 3216 and 117 CpGs were differentially associated with changes in FPG and HbA1c, respectively, when comparing RYGB versus IMI. Of these, 79 CpGs were significant for both FPG and HbA1c. The identified genes are enriched in adaptive thermogenesis, temperature homeostasis and regulation of cell population proliferation. Additionally, DNAm at 6 CpGs was differentially associated with changes in HbA1c when comparing RYGB versus BAND. CONCLUSIONS Baseline DNAm is differentially associated with glycemic outcomes in response to different types of weight-loss interventions, independent of weight loss and other clinical factors. Such findings provided initial evidence that baseline DNAm levels may serve as potential biomarkers predictive of differential glycemic outcomes in response to different types of weight-loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, CTRB 4230, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, CTRB 4230, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Guanhong Miao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, CTRB 4230, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mingjing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, CTRB 4230, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Stephen Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ricky Brock
- Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Phillip J Brantley
- Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, CTRB 4230, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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16
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Rosario SR, Dong B, Zhang Y, Hsiao HH, Isenhart E, Wang J, Siegel EM, Monjazeb AM, Owen DH, Dey P, Tabung FK, Spakowicz DJ, Murphy WJ, Edge S, Yendamuri S, Ibrahimi S, Kolesar JM, McDonald PH, Vadehra D, Churchman M, Liu S, Kalinski P, Mukherjee S. Metabolic Dysregulation Explains the Diverse Impacts of Obesity in Males and Females with Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10847. [PMID: 37446025 PMCID: PMC10342094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, defined as the body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has reached epidemic levels. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, including gastrointestinal ones. Recent evidence has suggested that obesity disproportionately impacts males and females with cancer, resulting in varied transcriptional and metabolic dysregulation. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the metabolic milieu of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract both related and unrelated to sex in obesity. To demonstrate these obesity and sex-related effects, we utilized three primary data sources: serum metabolomics from obese and non-obese patients assessed via the Biocrates MxP Quant 500 mass spectrometry-based kit, the ORIEN tumor RNA-sequencing data for all adenocarcinoma cases to assess the impacts of obesity, and publicly available TCGA transcriptional analysis to assess GI cancers and sex-related differences in GI cancers specifically. We applied and integrated our unique transcriptional metabolic pipeline in combination with our metabolomics data to reveal how obesity and sex can dictate differential metabolism in patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis of ORIEN obese adenocarcinoma as compared to normal-weight adenocarcinoma patients resulted in large-scale transcriptional reprogramming (4029 DEGs, adj. p < 0.05 and |logFC| > 0.58). Gene Set Enrichment and metabolic pipeline analysis showed genes enriched for pathways relating to immunity (inflammation, and CD40 signaling, among others) and metabolism. Specifically, we found alterations to steroid metabolism and tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism in obese patients, both of which are highly associated with disease severity and immune cell dysfunction. These findings were further confirmed using the TCGA colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESCA) data, which showed similar patterns of increased tryptophan catabolism for kynurenine production in obese patients. These patients further showed disparate alterations between males and females when comparing obese to non-obese patient populations. Alterations to immune and metabolic pathways were validated in six patients (two obese and four normal weight) via CD8+/CD4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cell RNA-sequencing and paired serum metabolomics, which showed differential kynurenine and lipid metabolism, which corresponded with altered T-cell transcriptome in obese populations. Overall, obesity is associated with differential transcriptional and metabolic programs in various disease sites. Further, these alterations, such as kynurenine and tryptophan metabolism, which impact both metabolism and immune phenotype, vary with sex and obesity together. This study warrants further in-depth investigation into obesity and sex-related alterations in cancers that may better define biomarkers of response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R. Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Bowen Dong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Hua-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Emily Isenhart
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Erin M. Siegel
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Arta M. Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.H.O.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Epidemiology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Spakowicz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.H.O.); (D.J.S.)
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Stephen Edge
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Sami Ibrahimi
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Patsy H. McDonald
- Department of Cancer Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Deepak Vadehra
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Michelle Churchman
- Precision Therapy and Diagnostics, Aster Insights, Hudson, FL 34667, USA;
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Redondo-Flórez L, López-Mora C, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. New Insights and Potential Therapeutic Interventions in Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10672. [PMID: 37445852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine homeostasis and metabolic diseases have been the subject of extensive research in recent years. The development of new techniques and insights has led to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these conditions and opened up new avenues for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discussed the rise of metabolic diseases, especially in Western countries, the genetical, psychological, and behavioral basis of metabolic diseases, the role of nutrition and physical activity in the development of metabolic diseases, the role of single-cell transcriptomics, gut microbiota, epigenetics, advanced imaging techniques, and cell-based therapies in metabolic diseases. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, Spain
| | - Clara López-Mora
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Pg. de l'Albereda, 7, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
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18
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Wright L, Davies NM, Bann D. The association between cognitive ability and body mass index: A sibling-comparison analysis in four longitudinal studies. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004207. [PMID: 37053134 PMCID: PMC10101525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and obesity rates have increased sharply since the 1980s. While multiple epidemiologic studies have found that higher adolescent cognitive ability is associated with lower adult BMI, residual and unobserved confounding due to family background may explain these associations. We used a sibling design to test this association accounting for confounding factors shared within households. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used data from four United States general youth population cohort studies: the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY-79), the NLSY-79 Children and Young Adult, the NLSY 1997 (NLSY-97), and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS); a total of 12,250 siblings from 5,602 households followed from adolescence up to age 62. We used random effects within-between (REWB) and residualized quantile regression (RQR) models to compare between- and within-family estimates of the association between adolescent cognitive ability and adult BMI (20 to 64 years). In REWB models, moving from the 25th to 75th percentile of adolescent cognitive ability was associated with -0.95 kg/m2 (95% CI = -1.21, -0.69) lower BMI between families. Adjusting for family socioeconomic position reduced the association to -0.61 kg/m2 (-0.90, -0.33). However, within families, the association was just -0.06 kg/m2 (-0.35, 0.23). This pattern of results was found across multiple specifications, including analyses conducted in separate cohorts, models examining age-differences in association, and in RQR models examining the association across the distribution of BMI. Limitations include the possibility that within-family estimates are biased due to measurement error of the exposure, confounding via non-shared factors, and carryover effects. CONCLUSIONS The association between high adolescent cognitive ability and low adult BMI was substantially smaller in within-family compared with between-family analysis. The well-replicated associations between cognitive ability and subsequent BMI may largely reflect confounding by family background factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M. Davies
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Tu B, Patel R, Pitalua M, Khan H, Gittner LS. Building effective intervention models utilizing big data to prevent the obesity epidemic. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:108-115. [PMID: 36870867 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exposome consists of factors an individual is exposed to across the life course. The exposome is dynamic, meaning the factors are constantly changing, affecting each other and individuals in different ways. Our exposome dataset includes social determinants of health as well as policy, climate, environment, and economic factors that could impact obesity development. The objective was to translate spatial exposure to these factors with the presence of obesity into actionable population-based constructs that could be further explored. METHODS Our dataset was constructed from a combination of public-use datasets and the Center of Disease Control's Compressed Mortality File. Spatial Statistics using Queens First Order Analysis was performed to identify hot- and cold-spots of obesity prevalence; followed by Graph Analysis, Relational Analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis to model the multifactorial spatial connections. RESULTS Areas of high and low presence of obesity had different factors associated with obesity. Factors associated with obesity in areas of high obesity propensity were: poverty / unemployment; workload, comorbid conditions (diabetes, CVD) and physical activity. Conversely, factors associated in areas where obesity was rare were: smoking, lower education, poorer mental health, lower elevations, and heat. DISCUSSION The spatial methods described within the paper are scalable to large numbers of variables without issues of multiple comparisons lowering resolution. These types of spatial structural methods provide insights into novel variable associations or factor interactions that can then be studied further at the population or policy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Tu
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Radha Patel
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mario Pitalua
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hafiz Khan
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Lisaann S Gittner
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Radu F, Potcovaru CG, Salmen T, Filip PV, Pop C, Fierbințeanu-Braticievici C. The Link between NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040614. [PMID: 36832102 PMCID: PMC9955701 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by an association of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus type 2 risk factors. Although the definition of MetS slightly differs depending on the society that described it, its central diagnostic criteria include impaired fasting glucose, low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides levels and high blood pressure. Insulin resistance (IR) is believed to be the main cause of MetS and is connected to the level of visceral or intra-abdominal adipose tissue, which could be assessed either by calculating body mass index or by measuring waist circumference. Most recent studies revealed that IR may also be present in non-obese patients, and considered visceral adiposity to be the main effector of MetS' pathology. Visceral adiposity is strongly linked with hepatic fatty infiltration also known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), therefore, the level of fatty acids in the hepatic parenchyma is indirectly linked with MetS, being both a cause and a consequence of this syndrome. Taking into consideration the present pandemic of obesity and its tendency to drift towards a progressively earlier onset due to the Western lifestyle, it leads to an increased NAFLD incidence. Novel therapeutic resources are lifestyle intervention with physical activity, Mediterranean diet, or therapeutic surgical respective metabolic and bariatric surgery or drugs such as SGLT-2i, GLP-1 Ra or vitamin E. NAFLD early diagnosis is important due to its easily available diagnostic tools such as non-invasive tools: clinical and laboratory variables (serum biomarkers): AST to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, BARD Score, fibro test, enhanced liver fibrosis; imaging-based biomarkers: Controlled attenuation parameter, magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction, transient elastography (TE) or vibration controlled TE, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, shear wave elastography, magnetic resonance elastography; and the possibility to prevent its complications, respectively, fibrosis, hepato-cellular carcinoma or liver cirrhosis which can develop into end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Radu
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia-Gabriela Potcovaru
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petruța Violeta Filip
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Pop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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Drewnowski A, Hong BD, Shen E, Ji M, Paz SR, Bhakta BB, Macias M, Crawford CL, Lewis KH, Liu J, Moore DD, Murali SB, Young DR, Coleman KJ. Neighborhood deprivation and residential property values do not affect weight loss at 1 or 3 years after bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:545-552. [PMID: 36627742 PMCID: PMC9877110 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographic factors and surgical weight loss at 1 year (short term) and 3 years (long term). METHODS Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the BELONG (Bariatric Experience Long Term) prospective longitudinal cohort study. Individual-level self-reported data on sex, race and ethnicity, education, and household income were obtained by survey. Data from the 2010 US Census were used to calculate area Neighborhood Deprivation Index score and median value of owner-occupied housing units at the census tract level. RESULTS Patients (N = 1341) had a mean age of 43.4 (SD 11.3) years, were mostly female (86%), were mostly Black or Hispanic (52%), had some college education (83%), and had annual household incomes ≥$51,000 (55%). Percentage total weight loss was 25.8% (SD 9.0%) at year 1 and 22.2% (SD 10.5%) at year 3. Race and ethnicity and age were significant predictors of weight loss at 1 and 3 years with a small effect of self-reported household income at year 1. There were no significant associations between census tract-level Neighborhood Deprivation Index score or value of owner-occupied housing units and weight loss at either time point. CONCLUSIONS Health systems could improve the chances of weight-loss maintenance after surgery by addressing factors related to racial and ethnic disparities and to income disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Benjamin D. Hong
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Ernest Shen
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Ming Ji
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Silvia R. Paz
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Bhumi B. Bhakta
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Mayra Macias
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Cecelia L. Crawford
- Regional Nursing Research Program, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Kristina H. Lewis
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jialuo Liu
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Darren D. Moore
- Marriage and Family Therapy Program, The Family Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Sameer B. Murali
- Center for Obesity Medicine & Metabolic Performance, Department of Surgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Deborah R. Young
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | - Karen J. Coleman
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
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22
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Carroll SJ, Dale MJ, Turrell G. Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and body size in Australia's capital cities: The contribution of obesogenic environments. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280223. [PMID: 36662685 PMCID: PMC9858776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods have higher rates of overweight and obesity and chronic disease than their counterparts from advantaged neighbourhoods. This study assessed whether associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, are accounted for by obesogenic environments (i.e., residential distance to the Central Business District [CBD], supermarket availability, access to walkable destinations). The study used 2017-18 National Health Survey data for working-aged adults (aged ≥18 years, n = 9,367) residing in 3,454 neighbourhoods across Australia's state and territory capital cities. In five of eight cities (i.e., Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth) residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods had significantly higher BMI and a larger waist circumference than residents of more advantaged areas. There was no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size in Hobart, Darwin, and Canberra. Associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size were partially explained by neighbourhood differences in distance to the CBD but not supermarket availability or walkable amenities. The results of this study point to the role of urban design and city planning as mechanisms for addressing social and economic inequities in Australia's capital cities, and as solutions to this country's overweight and obesity epidemic and associated rising rates of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J. Carroll
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital City, Australia
| | - Michael J. Dale
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital City, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital City, Australia
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Oleinika K, Slisere B, Catalán D, Rosser EC. B cell contribution to immunometabolic dysfunction and impaired immune responses in obesity. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:263-272. [PMID: 35960996 PMCID: PMC9384752 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is also linked with more severe complications from infections, including COVID-19, and poor vaccine responses. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and associated immune perturbations play an important role in determining morbidity in people living with obesity. The contribution of B cells to immune dysregulation and meta-inflammation associated with obesity has been documented by studies over the past decade. With a focus on human studies, here we consolidate the observations demonstrating that there is altered B cell subset composition, differentiation, and function both systemically and in the adipose tissue of individuals living with obesity. Finally, we discuss the potential factors that drive B cell dysfunction in obesity and propose a model by which altered B cell subset composition in obesity underlies dysfunctional B cell responses to novel pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Oleinika
- Correspondence: Kristine Oleinika, Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Slisere
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH and Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Haddish K, Yun JW. L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) Induces Brown-like Phenotype in 3T3-L1 White Adipocytes via Activation of Dopaminergic and β3-adrenergic Receptors. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Zwierczyk U, Sowada C, Duplaga M. Eating Choices—The Roles of Motivation and Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194026. [PMID: 36235678 PMCID: PMC9573739 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food choices are determined by intrinsic and extrinsic product characteristics, biological and physiological features, psychological factors, and situational and socio-cultural factors. Self-determination theory offers the explanation of health behavior change identifying motivations located along a continuum of autonomy. Another approach to the motivations guiding health behaviors, including food choices, relies on distinguishing thematic categories. Health motivations seem to be an obvious determinant of health behaviors, but final decisions regarding health are also the effect of other types of motivations such as economic, cultural, or emotional. The role of marketing pressure in modern society is perceived to be an important source of motivation for purchasing food and other products. The Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) framework was initially proposed in order to explain the processing of brand information from advertisements and was later expanded to other areas, including health and nutritional behaviors. The aim of this study was the analysis of determinants of food choices. We have developed a common regression model including six categories of motivations addressed by the Eating Motivations Scale and three health literacy types corresponding with element of ability from the MOA framework, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, health status, and the use of the Internet and TV. The analysis was performed on data from a computer-assisted web-based interviewing (CAWI) survey among 2008 adult Internet users completed in May 2022. The uni- and multivariate linear regression models were developed with the Index of Unhealthy Food Choices (IUFC), calculated based on the responses to items asking about the frequency of the consumption of twelve food categories. Univariate modeling revealed that IUFC is significantly associated with health, food, and e-health literacies and with five out of six eating motivations. However, the multivariate regression model yielded significant associations only for eating motivations but not for the three literacy scores. Health motivation was negatively associated with IUFC (B, standard error (SE): 0.83, 0.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.98–0.69), but positively with emotional (B, SE: 0.22, 0.04; 95% CI: 0.14–0.3), economic (B, SE: 0.41, 0.08; 95% CI: 0.25–0.56), and marketing (B, SE: 0.62, 0.08; 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) motivations. Our findings suggest that motivations guiding food choices may prevail over the element of ‘ability’ distinguished in the frameworks and models that explain people’s behaviors, including behaviors relating to health. Thus, it is essential to emphasize development of appropriate motivations and not only to provide knowledge and skills. Furthermore, one should also remember motivations other than health motivations when searching for the determinants of health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zwierczyk
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska Str. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Christoph Sowada
- Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska Str. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Duplaga
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska Str. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Ashraf R, Duncan AM, Darlington G, Buchholz AC, Haines J, Ma DWL. The degree of food processing is associated with anthropometric measures of obesity in Canadian families with preschool-aged children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005227. [PMID: 36211496 PMCID: PMC9537364 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adopting a healthy diet remains central for the prevention of obesity. In adults, higher intake of ultra-processed food is associated with a greater risk of overweight and obesity. However, little is known about the degree of food processing and its association with anthropometric measures in families with preschool-aged children, a critical period for the development of dietary patterns. This cross-sectional study included preschool-aged children (n = 267) between 1.5 and 5 years of age and their parents (n = 365) from 242 families enrolled in the Guelph Family Health Study. Dietary assessment was completed using ASA24-Canada-2016. Foods and beverages were classified based on their degree of food processing using the NOVA Classification (unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods). Associations between the energy contribution (% kcal) of each NOVA category and anthropometric measures were examined using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. The energy contribution of ultra-processed foods was the highest relative to the other NOVA categories among parents (44.3%) and children (41.3%). The energy contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was 29.1% for parents and 35.3% for children, processed foods was 24.0% for parents and 21.3% for children, and processed culinary ingredients was 2.6% for parents and 2.1% for children. Ultra-processed foods (% kcal) were positively associated with BMI (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01–0.07, P = 0.02), waist circumference (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03–0.18, P = 0.008) and body weight (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.22, P = 0.01) in parents, but not children. Unprocessed foods (% kcal) were negatively associated with waist circumference in parents (β = −0.09, 95% CI: 0.18–0.01, P = 0.03) and children (β = −0.03, 95% CI: 0.05–0.01, P = 0.01), as well as body weight (β = −0.12, 95% CI: 0.23–0.00, P = 0.04) in parents. The degree of food processing primarily influenced anthropometric outcomes in parents. Nevertheless, diets of children were similar, suggesting that such exposure in families may eventually lead to outcomes observed in parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahbika Ashraf
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alison M. Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gerarda Darlington
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea C. Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: David W. L. Ma,
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Khatamnejad M, Akhlaghi M. Maternal-child overweight relationship, assessment of maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221124734. [PMID: 36071603 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play a key role in constructing children' behaviours. We studies maternal-child overweight relationship and compared maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours between groups of normal-weight and overweight children. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 girls aged 10-13 years and their mothers. They were divided to two groups of overweight (n = 94) and normal-weight (n = 98) children. Anthropometric characteristics were measured for children and mothers. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between child overweight and tertiles of maternal body mass index (BMI). Maternal perception of child's weight status and her engagement in promoting child's healthy behaviours was assessed. RESULTS BMI and waist circumference was significantly higher in children (P < 0.001) and mothers (P < 0.01) of overweight compared to normal-weight group. There was a significant relationship between children's overweight and tertiles of maternal BMI, which remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Mothers of overweight children were more concerned for their child's overeating and overweight, and for compelling the child to diet to maintain a desirable weight (P < 0.001). In contrast, mothers of normal-weight children restricted sugar-sweetened drinks (P = 0.008), offered fruit and vegetables (P = 0.035), and helped their children to get enough physical activity (P = 0.022) and night sleep (P = 0.001) more than mothers in other group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a strong relationship between children and mothers' overweight. Despite being more concerned about their child weight status, mothers of overweight children reported behaviours which were less encouraging the children for healthy eating and lifestyle than mothers of normal-weight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Khatamnejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shareghfarid E, Nadjarzadeh A, Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Azamian Y, Hajiahmadi S. The Effect of Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Inflammation Indices in Overweight Adults With Pre-Diabetes. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221090083. [PMID: 35799617 PMCID: PMC9253991 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221090083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Flaxseed has rich content of alpha linolenic acid for preventing pro
inflammatory process. The aim of present study is exploring the effect of
flaxseed oil supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and body composition
in overweight adults with pre-diabetes. Material and methods: this double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 80 overweight
pre-diabetic patients in 2 clusters (flaxseed oil group (2000-mg daily) and
control group) across a 14-week period. Anthropometric indices, body
composition and inflammatory indices were measured between 2 groups before
and after the treatment. Result: this study found a significant decrease in visceral fat level in the
intervention group (P = .009) and control group
(P = .004) at the end of the survey. However, the mean
change of it (P = .06) was not significant. Also, this
study showed that percentage of body fat (P = .31) and its
mean change (P = .6) did not have significantly different
between the 2 groups at the 14th week. The skeletal muscle% had a
significant rise in the intervention group (P = .005) and
control group (P = .003) by the end of 14th week. However,
the mean change of it (P = .19) was not significant between
the 2 groups. In addition, there was no significant change in the fasting
blood glucose (P = . 7), C reactive protein
(P = .12) and TNF-α (P = .22) between
the 2 groups at the end of study. Conclusion: It showed that flaxseed oil supplementation cannot improve body composition
and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shareghfarid
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yasaman Azamian
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salimeh Hajiahmadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Suarez J, Makridis M, Anesiadou A, Komnos D, Ciuffo B, Fontaras G. Benchmarking the driver acceleration impact on vehicle energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART D, TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT 2022. [PMID: 35784495 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The study proposes a methodology for quantifying the impact of real-world heterogeneous driving behavior on vehicle energy consumption, linking instantaneous acceleration heterogeneity and CO2 emissions. Data recorded from 20 different drivers under real driving are benchmarked against the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC), first by correlating the speed cycle with individual driver behavior and then by quantifying the CO2 emissions and consumption. The vehicle-Independent Driving Style metric (IDS) is used to quantify acceleration dynamicity, introducing driving style stochasticity by means of probability distribution functions. Results show that the WLTC cycle assumes a relatively smooth acceleration style compared to the observed ones. The method successfully associates acceleration dynamicity to CO2 emissions. We observe a 5% difference in the CO2 emissions between the most favourable and the least favourable case. The intra-driver variance reached 3%, while the inter-driver variance is below 2%. The approach can be used for quantifying the driving style induced emissions divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Suarez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Michail Makridis
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Transport Planning and Systems (IVT), Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Biagio Ciuffo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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Moderating Effects of Socio-Demographic Factors in Associations Between Acculturation and Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviours: a Study of Australian Residents Born in Sub-Saharan Africa. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Profit versus Quality: The Enigma of Scientific Wellness. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010034. [PMID: 35055349 PMCID: PMC8779909 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The “best of both worlds” is not often the case when it comes to implementing new health models, particularly in community settings. It is often a struggle between choosing or balancing between two components: depth of research or financial profit. This has become even more apparent with the recent shift to move away from a traditionally reactive model of medicine toward a predictive/preventative one. This has given rise to many new concepts and approaches with a variety of often overlapping aims. The purpose of this perspective is to highlight the pros and cons of the numerous ventures already implementing new concepts, to varying degrees, in community settings of quite differing scales—some successful and some falling short. Scientific wellness is a complex, multifaceted concept that requires integrated experimental/analytical designs that demand both high-quality research/healthcare and significant funding. We currently see the more likely long-term success of those ventures in which any profit is largely reinvested into research efforts and health/healthspan is the primary focus.
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Hunot-Alexander C, González-Toribio J, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Larrosa-Haro A, Casillas-Toral E, Curiel-Curiel CP. Validity and Reliability of the Baby and Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Toddler Version (BEBQ-Mex and CEBQ-T-Mex) in a Low Sociodemographic Sample Recruited in a Mexican Hospital. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:168. [PMID: 34940103 PMCID: PMC8698384 DOI: 10.3390/bs11120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate and measure the internal reliability of the Baby and Child Eating Behavior Questionnaires for Toddlers (BEBQ-Mex and CEBQ-T-Mex), that evaluate appetitive trait (ATs). Mothers recruited from a public hospital in Guadalajara, Mexico, completed the BEBQ-Mex or CEBQ-T-Mex along with information on sociodemographic characteristics. Internal reliability of the BEBQ-Mex was sufficient for Food Responsiveness (FR) (Cronbach α = 0.82), while Enjoyment of Food (EF) and Satiety Responsiveness (SR) showed poor reliability (α = 0.56) and Slowness in Eating (SE) had unacceptable reliability (a = 0.36). All reliability values for the CEBQ-T-Mex were acceptable (>0.70), except for SE (α = 0.64). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed an adequate model fit for the BEBQ-Mex, except the SE subscale. CFA for the CEBQ-T-Mex confirmed the six-factor structure. Mothers of a low sociodemographic background were unable to recognize their infants' ATs; the BEBQ-Mex partly met the criteria for validity and reliability. Mothers from similar sociodemographic characteristics were more able to recognize the ATs of their toddlers than their infants; the CEBQ-T-Mex was found to be a valid and reliable tool. Findings support the need to help mothers' ability to recognize their infants' ATs, which have been previously associated with weight and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hunot-Alexander
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.H.-A.); (J.G.-T.); (A.L.-H.); (C.P.C.-C.)
| | - Jocelyn González-Toribio
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.H.-A.); (J.G.-T.); (A.L.-H.); (C.P.C.-C.)
| | - Edgar Manuel Vásquez-Garibay
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.H.-A.); (J.G.-T.); (A.L.-H.); (C.P.C.-C.)
| | - Alfredo Larrosa-Haro
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.H.-A.); (J.G.-T.); (A.L.-H.); (C.P.C.-C.)
| | - Erika Casillas-Toral
- Hospital Civil “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Guadalajara CP 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Carmen Patricia Curiel-Curiel
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.H.-A.); (J.G.-T.); (A.L.-H.); (C.P.C.-C.)
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Arafa A, Kokubo Y, Sheerah HA, Sakai Y, Watanabe E, Li J, Honda-Kohmo K, Teramoto M, Kashima R, Koga M. Weight Change Since Age 20 and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:1511-1521. [PMID: 34803086 PMCID: PMC9529374 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Weight change could have many health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between weight change and mortality risk due to total cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke among Japanese.
Methods: We used Suita Study data from 4,746 people aged 30-79 years in this prospective cohort study. Weight change was defined as the difference between baseline weight and weight at age 20. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total CVD, IHD, and stroke mortality for 1) participants with a weight change (>10, 5 to 10, -5 to -10, and <-10 kg) compared to those with stable weight (-4.9 to 4.9 kg) and 2) participants who moved from one body mass index category (underweight, normal weight, or overweight) to another compared to those with normal weight at age 20 and baseline.
Results: Within a median follow-up period of 19.9 years, the numbers of total CVD, IHD, and stroke mortality were 268, 132, and 79, respectively. Weight loss of >10 kg was associated with the increased risk of total CVD mortality 2.07 (1.29, 3.32) and stroke mortality 3.02 (1.40, 6.52). Moving from normal weight at age 20 to underweight at baseline was associated with the increased risk of total CVD, IHD, and stroke mortality: 1.76 (1.12, 2.77), 2.10 (1.13, 3.92), and 2.25 (1.05, 4.83), respectively.
Conclusion: Weight loss, especially when moving from normal to underweight, was associated with the increased risk of CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Haytham A Sheerah
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yukie Sakai
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Emi Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Kyoko Honda-Kohmo
- Division of Preventive Healthcare, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Masayuki Teramoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Rena Kashima
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Public Health Division, Ibaraki Public Health Center, Osaka Prefectural Government
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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34
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Naess M, Sund ER, Vie GÅ, Bjørngaard JH, Åsvold BO, Holmen TL, Kvaløy K. Intergenerational polygenic obesity risk throughout adolescence in a cross-sectional study design: The HUNT study, Norway. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1916-1924. [PMID: 34651441 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between parental obesity polygenic risk and children's BMI throughout adolescence. Additionally, from a smaller subsample, the objective was to assess whether parental polygenic risk score (PRS) may act as a proxy for offspring PRS in studies lacking offspring genetic data. METHODS A total of 8,561 parent-offspring (age 13-19 years) trios from the Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study) were included, of which, 1,286 adolescents had available genetic data. Weighted parental PRSs from 900 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with adult BMI were constructed and applied in linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS A positive association between parental PRS and offspring sex- and age-adjusted BMI (iso-BMI) throughout adolescence was identified. The estimated marginal effects per standard deviation increase in parental PRS were 0.26 (95% CI: 0.18-0.33), 0.36 (95% CI: 0.29-0.43), and 0.62 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.51-0.72) for maternal, paternal, and combined parental PRS, respectively. In subsample analyses, the magnitude of association of the parental PRS versus offspring PRS with iso-BMI in adolescents was similar. CONCLUSIONS Parental PRS was consistently associated with offspring iso-BMI throughout adolescence. Results from subsample analyses support the use of parental PRS of obesity as a proxy for adolescent PRS in the absence of offspring genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Naess
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Gunnhild Å Vie
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan H Bjørngaard
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Feinle-Bisset C, Horowitz M. Appetite and Satiety Control-Contribution of Gut Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103635. [PMID: 34684635 PMCID: PMC8539844 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, and its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and hepatic disease and certain cancers, continues to rise at an alarming rate worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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36
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Verboven K, Hansen D. Critical Reappraisal of the Role and Importance of Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Obesity in Adults. Sports Med 2021; 51:379-389. [PMID: 33332014 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of obesity in adults, exercise intervention is recommended and some people with obesity even prefer exercise above dietary intervention as a single weight-loss strategy. However, evidence is accumulating that the long-term body weight and adipose tissue mass loss as a result of exercise intervention in these individuals is disappointingly small. Although this could be related to various clinical reasons, more recent evidence reveals that also (patho)physiological abnormalities are involved which cannot be remediated by exercise intervention, especially in metabolically compromised patients. As a result, the role and importance of exercise intervention in the treatment of obesity deserve significant reconsideration to avoid confusion and disappointment amongst clinicians, patients and society. Hence, to reduce adipose tissue mass and body weight, dietary intervention is much more effective than exercise intervention, and is, therefore, of key importance in this endeavour. However, dietary interventions must be supplemented by exercise training to induce clinically relevant changes in specific cardiovascular or metabolic risk factors like blood pressure, blood triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, as well as visceral adipose tissue mass, physical fitness, muscle mass and strength, quality of life and life expectancy. This allows individuals with obesity to preserve their cardiometabolic health or to shift from a metabolically unhealthy phenotype to a metabolically healthy phenotype. Signifying the true clinical value of exercise interventions might lead to a better understanding and appreciation of the goals and associated effects when implemented in the multidisciplinary treatment of obesity, for which a proper tailoring of exercise prescription is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Verboven
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Building A, 3590, AgoralaanDiepenbeek, Belgium. .,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Building A, 3590, AgoralaanDiepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Jessa Hospital, Heart Centre Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
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37
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Livne-Margolin M, Tokatly Latzer I, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Harari G, Achiron A. Bodyweight Measures and Lifestyle Habits in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis and Moderate to Severe Disability. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2083. [PMID: 34066209 PMCID: PMC8151674 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease marked by progressive disability and decreased mobility over time. We studied whether individuals with MS of higher disability levels will be more overweight/obese as a result of their immobility and/or recurrent steroid treatments. In a prospective study, 130 individuals with MS and significant disability were classified according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score as belonging to four groups: EDSS 3.0-4.0 (n = 31, 24%), EDSS 4.5-5.5 (n = 24, 18%), EDSS = 6.0 (n = 44, 34%) and EDSS ≥ 6.5 (n = 31, 24%). Medical history, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and the level of engagement in physical activity were obtained. The mean ± standard error age was 55.8 ± 0.5 years, disease duration 18.2 ± 1.0 years and EDSS score 5.5 ± 0.1. Disease duration, the number of steroid courses per disease duration, weight, BMI and physical activity did not differ according to the four disability groups. The mean waist circumference increased significantly with increased severity of EDSS, p = 0.03. Increased disability in individuals with MS was not correlated with disease duration, lifestyle habits or overweight/obesity. However, increased disability was associated with central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Livne-Margolin
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (M.L.-M.); (O.P.-H.); (A.A.)
- Gastroenterology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Itay Tokatly Latzer
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (M.L.-M.); (O.P.-H.); (A.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 60198, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (M.L.-M.); (O.P.-H.); (A.A.)
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Gil Harari
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Anat Achiron
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (M.L.-M.); (O.P.-H.); (A.A.)
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
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38
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Motevalli M, Drenowatz C, Tanous DR, Khan NA, Wirnitzer K. Management of Childhood Obesity-Time to Shift from Generalized to Personalized Intervention Strategies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1200. [PMID: 33917383 PMCID: PMC8067342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major public health concern, childhood obesity is a multifaceted and multilevel metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and behavioral aspects. While genetic risk factors contribute to and interact with the onset and development of excess body weight, available evidence indicates that several modifiable obesogenic behaviors play a crucial role in the etiology of childhood obesity. Although a variety of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of several interventions in community-based, school-based, and home-based programs regarding childhood obesity, the prevalence of children with excess body weight remains high. Additionally, researchers and pediatric clinicians are often encountering several challenges and the characteristics of an optimal weight management strategy remain controversial. Strategies involving a combination of physical activity, nutritional, and educational interventions are likely to yield better outcomes compared to single-component strategies but various prohibitory limitations have been reported in practice. This review seeks to (i) provide a brief overview of the current preventative and therapeutic approaches towards childhood obesity, (ii) discuss the complexity and limitations of research in the childhood obesity area, and (iii) suggest an Etiology-Based Personalized Intervention Strategy Targeting Childhood Obesity (EPISTCO). This purposeful approach includes prioritized nutritional, educational, behavioral, and physical activity intervention strategies directly based on the etiology of obesity and interpretation of individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University College of Teacher Education Upper Austria, A-4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Nutritional Physiology & Toxicology Division, INSERM UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.T.); (K.W.)
- Department of Subject Didactics and Educational Research & Development, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Life and Health Science Cluster Tirol, Subcluster Health/Medicine/Psychology, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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39
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Management of Childhood Obesity—Time to Shift from Generalized to Personalized Intervention Strategies. Nutrients 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/nu13041200
expr 902416715 + 844236509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major public health concern, childhood obesity is a multifaceted and multilevel metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and behavioral aspects. While genetic risk factors contribute to and interact with the onset and development of excess body weight, available evidence indicates that several modifiable obesogenic behaviors play a crucial role in the etiology of childhood obesity. Although a variety of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of several interventions in community-based, school-based, and home-based programs regarding childhood obesity, the prevalence of children with excess body weight remains high. Additionally, researchers and pediatric clinicians are often encountering several challenges and the characteristics of an optimal weight management strategy remain controversial. Strategies involving a combination of physical activity, nutritional, and educational interventions are likely to yield better outcomes compared to single-component strategies but various prohibitory limitations have been reported in practice. This review seeks to (i) provide a brief overview of the current preventative and therapeutic approaches towards childhood obesity, (ii) discuss the complexity and limitations of research in the childhood obesity area, and (iii) suggest an Etiology-Based Personalized Intervention Strategy Targeting Childhood Obesity (EPISTCO). This purposeful approach includes prioritized nutritional, educational, behavioral, and physical activity intervention strategies directly based on the etiology of obesity and interpretation of individual characteristics.
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40
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Motevalli M, Drenowatz C, Tanous DR, Khan NA, Wirnitzer K. Management of Childhood Obesity-Time to Shift from Generalized to Personalized Intervention Strategies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1200. [PMID: 33917383 PMCID: PMC8067342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041200&set/a 931824908+802380262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major public health concern, childhood obesity is a multifaceted and multilevel metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and behavioral aspects. While genetic risk factors contribute to and interact with the onset and development of excess body weight, available evidence indicates that several modifiable obesogenic behaviors play a crucial role in the etiology of childhood obesity. Although a variety of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of several interventions in community-based, school-based, and home-based programs regarding childhood obesity, the prevalence of children with excess body weight remains high. Additionally, researchers and pediatric clinicians are often encountering several challenges and the characteristics of an optimal weight management strategy remain controversial. Strategies involving a combination of physical activity, nutritional, and educational interventions are likely to yield better outcomes compared to single-component strategies but various prohibitory limitations have been reported in practice. This review seeks to (i) provide a brief overview of the current preventative and therapeutic approaches towards childhood obesity, (ii) discuss the complexity and limitations of research in the childhood obesity area, and (iii) suggest an Etiology-Based Personalized Intervention Strategy Targeting Childhood Obesity (EPISTCO). This purposeful approach includes prioritized nutritional, educational, behavioral, and physical activity intervention strategies directly based on the etiology of obesity and interpretation of individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.T.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University College of Teacher Education Upper Austria, A-4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Nutritional Physiology & Toxicology Division, INSERM UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.T.); (K.W.)
- Department of Subject Didactics and Educational Research & Development, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Life and Health Science Cluster Tirol, Subcluster Health/Medicine/Psychology, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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41
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Appetite self-regulation declines across childhood while general self-regulation improves: A narrative review of the origins and development of appetite self-regulation. Appetite 2021; 162:105178. [PMID: 33639246 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review discusses the origins and development of appetite self-regulation (ASR) in childhood (from infancy to age 6 or 7 years). The origins, or foundations, are the biological infrastructure associated with appetite regulation and appetite self-regulation. Homeostatic regulation in infancy is examined and then evidence about developmental change in components of ASR. The main ASR-related components covered are: delay-of-gratification, caloric compensation, eating in the absence of hunger, food responsiveness/hedonics and fussy eating. The research included behavioral measures, parent-reports of appetitive traits and fMRI studies. There were two main trends in the evidence: a decline across childhood in the components of ASR associated with food approach (and therefore an increase in disinhibited eating), and wide individual differences. The decline in ASR contrasts with general self-regulation (GSR) where the evidence is of an improvement across childhood. For many children, bottom-up automatic reactive processes via food reward/hedonics or food avoidance as in fussy eating, appear not to be matched by improvements in top-down regulatory capacities. The prominence of bottom-up processes in ASR could be the main factor in possible differences in developmental paths for GSR and ASR. GSR research is situated in developmental science with its focus on developmental processes, theory and methodology. In contrast, the development of ASR at present does not have a strong developmental tradition to access and there is no unifying model of ASR and its development. We concluded (1) outside of mean-level or normative changes in the components of ASR, individual differences are prominent, and (2) there is a need to formulate models of developmental change in ASR together with appropriate measurement, research designs and data analysis strategies.
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Holden SS, Zlatevska N, Parkinson J, Cadario R, Dubelaar C, Lei J, Moore E, Sayarh N, Van Kerckhove A, Werle C. Unpalatable food for thought: Let marketing research guide effective public obesity interventions. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13141. [PMID: 32902093 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is growing unabatedly despite the considerable efforts directed at the problem. Although abundant research has contributed to our understanding of the multifactorial causes of obesity, there is less attention to research that is relevant for guiding social marketers, public health professionals and policymakers in delivering public health interventions for countering and/or preventing the problem of obesity. This review offers six points for identifying and developing research relevant for guiding community-wide obesity interventions based on the idea that an applied marketing research perspective offers a better model for identifying effective interventions than more theoretical academic research. Specifically, the research guiding public health and social marketing interventions needs to (1) provide information on ultimate outcomes (weight, health and unintended consequences) more than intermediate outcomes (beliefs, attitudes and behaviour), (2) report on observations collected over the longer term, (3) use natural settings (even at a cost of internal validity), (4) endeavour to overcome observer-effects, (5) report effect sizes (rather than statistical significance) and (6) use moderator analyses to capture variation in how a population responds to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Holden
- Macquarie School of Business, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalina Zlatevska
- Faculty of Business, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joy Parkinson
- Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Romain Cadario
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Dubelaar
- Department of Marketing, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Management & Marketing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Moore
- Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Nada Sayarh
- Geneva School of Economics & Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Carolina Werle
- Grenoble Ecole de Management, Grenoble, France & IREGE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambery, France
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43
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Nasser M, Calderon E, Kurtca M. A Retrospective Chart Review of Patients Who Underwent Cardiac Evaluation Before Bariatric Surgery. Cardiol Res 2021; 12:80-85. [PMID: 33738010 PMCID: PMC7935636 DOI: 10.14740/cr1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity are considered to be a global pandemic. Its associations with hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods This was a retrospective, observational chart review of obese patients who were seen in our outpatient clinic for cardiovascular clearance prior to an intended bariatric surgery between 2004 and 2020. Data from patient’s demographics, risk factors, presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiovascular diseases were collected from medical charts. They underwent clinical evaluation, non-invasive workup including electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, treadmill exercise tests and some of them myocardial perfusion studies and coronary angiograms when indicated, based on their symptoms and/or risk factors for CAD. Results From 761 patients studied, 7.6% (58 patients) underwent coronary angiograms, based on their non-invasive workup and their history. Among them, we found that 17 patients had significant CAD. It should be mentioned that this is a selected group of patients with the intention to undergo a bariatric surgical procedure, which this makes them somewhat different from the general population, and this could be considered among the limitations of our study. Conclusions Data from our selected population chart review showed that in this specific population, there was no high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, specifically coronary atherosclerosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, venous thrombosis and obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Nasser
- Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center; CHI Health System; Texas Heart Institute; HCA Healthcare; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evelyn Calderon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Guayaquil, Av. Delta y Av. Kennedy, Guayaquil, Guayas 090112, Ecuador
| | - Miray Kurtca
- Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Dokuz Eylul Unv. Hst., Inciralti, Balcova/Izmir 35210, Turkey
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Does Proteomic Mirror Reflect Clinical Characteristics of Obesity? J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020064. [PMID: 33494491 PMCID: PMC7912072 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a frightening chronic disease, which has tripled since 1975. It is not expected to slow down staying one of the leading cases of preventable death and resulting in an increased clinical and economic burden. Poor lifestyle choices and excessive intake of “cheap calories” are major contributors to obesity, triggering type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other comorbidities. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for development of obesity is essential as it might result in the introducing of anti-obesity targets and early-stage obesity biomarkers, allowing the distinction between metabolic syndromes. The complex nature of this disease, coupled with the phenomenon of metabolically healthy obesity, inspired us to perform data-centric, hypothesis-generating pilot research, aimed to find correlations between parameters of classic clinical blood tests and proteomic profiles of 104 lean and obese subjects. As the result, we assembled patterns of proteins, which presence or absence allows predicting the weight of the patient fairly well. We believe that such proteomic patterns with high prediction power should facilitate the translation of potential candidates into biomarkers of clinical use for early-stage stratification of obesity therapy.
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45
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Spaeth AM, Goel N, Dinges DF. Caloric and Macronutrient Intake and Meal Timing Responses to Repeated Sleep Restriction Exposures Separated by Varying Intervening Recovery Nights in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092694. [PMID: 32899289 PMCID: PMC7550992 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep restriction (SR) reliably increases caloric intake. It remains unknown whether such intake cumulatively increases with repeated SR exposures and is impacted by the number of intervening recovery sleep opportunities. Healthy adults (33.9 ± 8.9y; 17 women, Body Mass Index: 24.8 ± 3.6) participated in a laboratory protocol. N = 35 participants experienced two baseline nights (10 h time-in-bed (TIB)/night; 22:00–08:00) followed by 10 SR nights (4 h TIB/night; 04:00–08:00), which were divided into two exposures of five nights each and separated by one (n = 13), three (n = 12), or five (n = 10) recovery nights (12 h TIB/night; 22:00–10:00). Control participants (n = 10) were permitted 10 h TIB (22:00–08:00) on all nights. Food and drink consumption were ad libitum and recorded daily. Compared to baseline, sleep-restricted participants increased daily caloric (+527 kcal) and saturated fat (+7 g) intake and decreased protein (−1.2% kcal) intake during both SR exposures; however, intake did not differ between exposures or recovery conditions. Similarly, although sleep-restricted participants exhibited substantial late-night caloric intake (671 kcal), such intake did not differ between exposures or recovery conditions. By contrast, control participants showed no changes in caloric intake across days. We found consistent caloric and macronutrient intake increases during two SR exposures despite varying intervening recovery nights. Thus, energy intake outcomes do not cumulatively increase with repeated restriction and are unaffected by recovery opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Spaeth
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - David F. Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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46
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Ultra-Processed Foods and Food System Sustainability: What Are the Links? SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Global food systems are no longer sustainable for health, the environment, animal biodiversity and wellbeing, culinary traditions, socioeconomics, or small farmers. The increasing massive consumption of animal foods has been identified as a major determinant of unsustainability. However, today, the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is also questioned. The main objective of this review is therefore to check the validity of this new hypothesis. We first identified the main ingredients/additives present in UPFs and the agricultural practices involved in their provision to agro-industrials. Overall, UPF production is analysed regarding its impacts on the environment, biodiversity, animal wellbeing, and cultural and socio-economic dimensions. Our main conclusion is that UPFs are associated with intensive agriculture/livestock and threaten all dimensions of food system sustainability due to the combination of low-cost ingredients at purchase and increased consumption worldwide. However, low-animal-calorie UPFs do not produce the highest greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) compared to conventional meat and dairy products. In addition, only reducing energy dense UPF intake, without substitution, might substantially reduce GHGEs. Therefore, significant improvement in food system sustainability requires urgently encouraging limiting UPF consumption to the benefit of mildly processed foods, preferably seasonal, organic, and local products.
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47
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Weight Reduction for Obesity-Induced Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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de Frel DL, Atsma DE, Pijl H, Seidell JC, Leenen PJM, Dik WA, van Rossum EFC. The Impact of Obesity and Lifestyle on the Immune System and Susceptibility to Infections Such as COVID-19. Front Nutr 2020; 7:597600. [PMID: 33330597 PMCID: PMC7711810 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.597600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a global challenge to healthcare. Obesity is common in patients with COVID-19 and seems to aggravate disease prognosis. In this review we explore the link between obesity, chronic disease, lifestyle factors and the immune system, and propose societal interventions to enhance global immunity. Search Strategy and Selection Criteria: We performed three literature searches using the keywords (1) coronavirus AND comorbidities, (2) comorbidities AND immune system, and (3) lifestyle factors AND immune system. Results were screened for relevance by the main author and a total of 215 articles were thoroughly analyzed. Results: The relationship between obesity and unfavorable COVID-19 prognosis is discussed in light of the impact of chronic disease and lifestyle on the immune system. Several modifiable lifestyle factors render us susceptible to viral infections. In this context, we make a case for fostering a healthy lifestyle on a global scale. Conclusions: Obesity, additional chronic disease and an unhealthy lifestyle interactively impair immune function and increase the risk of severe infectious disease. In adverse metabolic and endocrine conditions, the immune system is geared toward inflammation. Collective effort is needed to ameliorate modifiable risk factors for obesity and chronic disease on a global scale and increase resistance to viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan L. de Frel
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E. Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Douwe E. Atsma
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jacob C. Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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