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Benam KH. Multidisciplinary approaches in electronic nicotine delivery systems pulmonary toxicology: emergence of living and non-living bioinspired engineered systems. COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2024; 3:123. [PMID: 39227652 PMCID: PMC11372223 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Technology-based platforms offer crucial support for regulatory agencies in overseeing tobacco products to enhance public health protection. The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as electronic cigarettes, has surged exponentially over the past decade. However, the understanding of the impact of ENDS on lung health remains incomplete due to scarcity of physiologically relevant technologies for evaluating their toxicity. This review examines the societal and public health impacts of ENDS, prevalent preclinical approaches in pulmonary space, and the application of emerging Organ-on-Chip technologies and bioinspired robotics for assessing ENDS respiratory toxicity. It highlights challenges in ENDS inhalation toxicology and the value of multidisciplinary bioengineering approaches for generating reliable, human-relevant regulatory data at an accelerated pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Vo Q, Benam KH. Advancements in preclinical human-relevant modeling of pulmonary vasculature on-chip. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 195:106709. [PMID: 38246431 PMCID: PMC10939731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical human-relevant modeling of organ-specific vasculature offers a unique opportunity to recreate pathophysiological intercellular, tissue-tissue, and cell-matrix interactions for a broad range of applications. Lung vasculature is particularly important due to its involvement in genesis and progression of rare, debilitating disorders as well as common chronic pathologies. Here, we provide an overview of the latest advances in the development of pulmonary vascular (PV) models using emerging microfluidic tissue engineering technology Organs-on-Chips (so-called PV-Chips). We first review the currently reported PV-Chip systems and their key features, and then critically discuss their major limitations in reproducing in vivo-seen and disease-relevant cellularity, localization, and microstructure. We conclude by presenting latest efforts to overcome such technical and biological limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Vo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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3
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Vo Q, Carlson KA, Chiknas PM, Brocker CN, DaSilva L, Clark E, Park SK, Ajiboye AS, Wier EM, Benam KH. On-Chip Reconstitution of Uniformly Shear-Sensing 3D Matrix-embedded Multicellular Blood Microvessel. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34:2304630. [PMID: 38465199 PMCID: PMC10923530 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202304630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical human-relevant modeling of organ-specific vasculature offers a unique opportunity to recreate pathophysiological intercellular, tissue-tissue, and cell-matrix interactions for a broad range of applications. Here, we present a reliable, and simply reproducible process for constructing user-controlled long rounded extracellular matrix (ECM)-embedded vascular microlumens on-chip for endothelization and co-culture with stromal cells obtained from human lung. We demonstrate the critical impact of microchannel cross-sectional geometry and length on uniform distribution and magnitude of vascular wall shear stress, which is key when emulating in vivo-observed blood flow biomechanics in health and disease. In addition, we provide an optimization protocol for multicellular culture and functional validation of the system. Moreover, we show the ability to finely tune rheology of the three-dimensional natural matrix surrounding the vascular microchannel to match pathophysiological stiffness. In summary, we provide the scientific community with a matrix-embedded microvasculature on-chip populated with all-primary human-derived pulmonary endothelial cells and fibroblasts to recapitulate and interrogate lung parenchymal biology, physiological responses, vascular biomechanics, and disease biogenesis in vitro. Such a mix-and-match synthetic platform can be feasibly adapted to study blood vessels, matrix, and ECM-embedded cells in other organs and be cellularized with additional stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Vo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kaely A. Carlson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Peter M. Chiknas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chad N. Brocker
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Luis DaSilva
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Erica Clark
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - A. Seun Ajiboye
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Eric M. Wier
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kambez H. Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Brussow J, Feng K, Thiam F, Phogat S, Osei ET. Epithelial-fibroblast interactions in IPF: Lessons from in vitro co-culture studies. Differentiation 2023; 134:11-19. [PMID: 37738701 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial disease that is characterized by increased cellular proliferation and differentiation together with excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition leading to buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) and remodeling in the lungs. The activated and differentiated (myo)fibroblasts are one of the main sources of tissue remodeling in IPF and a crucial mechanism known to contribute to this feature is an aberrant crosstalk between pulmonary fibroblasts and the abnormal or injured pulmonary epithelium. This epithelial-fibroblast interaction mimics the temporal, spatial and cell-type specific crosstalk between the endoderm and mesoderm in the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) during lung development that is proposed to be activated in healthy lung repair and dysregulated in various lung diseases including IPF. To study the dysregulated lung EMTU in IPF, various complex in vitro models have been established. Hence, in this review, we will provide a summary of studies that have used complex (3-dimensional) in vitro co-culture, and organoid models to assess how abnormal epithelial-fibroblast interactions in lung EMTU contribute to crucial features of the IPF including defective cellular differentiation, proliferation and migration as well as increased ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brussow
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - K Feng
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - F Thiam
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - S Phogat
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - E T Osei
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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Thomas SN, Niemeyer BF, Jimenez-Valdes RJ, Kaiser AJ, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD, Goodspeed A, Costello JC, Alder JK, Cañas-Arranz R, García-Sastre A, Benam KH. Down syndrome is associated with altered frequency and functioning of tracheal multiciliated cells, and response to influenza virus infection. iScience 2023; 26:107361. [PMID: 37554445 PMCID: PMC10405068 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) clinically manifest severe respiratory illnesses; however, there is a paucity of data on how DS influences homeostatic physiology of lung airway, and its reactive responses to pulmonary pathogens. We generated well-differentiated ciliated airway epithelia using tracheas from wild-type and Dp(16)1/Yey mice in vitro, and discovered that Dp(16)1/Yey epithelia have significantly lower abundance of ciliated cells, an altered ciliary beating profile, and reduced mucociliary transport. Interestingly, both sets of differentiated epithelia released similar quantities of viral particles after infection with influenza A virus (IAV). However, RNA-sequencing and proteomic analyses revealed an immune hyperreactive phenotype particularly for monocyte-recruiting chemokines in Dp(16)1/Yey epithelia. Importantly, when we challenged mice in vivo with IAV, we observed immune hyper-responsiveness in Dp(16)1/Yey mice, evidenced by higher quantities of lung airway infiltrated monocytes, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our findings illuminate mechanisms underlying DS-mediated pathophysiological changes in airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N. Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian F. Niemeyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rocio J. Jimenez-Valdes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander J. Kaiser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D. Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James C. Costello
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kambez H. Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Phan TH, Shi H, Denes CE, Cole AJ, Wang Y, Cheng YY, Hesselson D, Roelofs SH, Neely GG, Jang JH, Chrzanowski W. Advanced pathophysiology mimicking lung models for accelerated drug discovery. Biomater Res 2023; 27:35. [PMID: 37098610 PMCID: PMC10129441 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are the 2nd leading cause of death globally. The current treatments for chronic lung diseases are only supportive. Very few new classes of therapeutics have been introduced for lung diseases in the last 40 years, due to the lack of reliable lung models that enable rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput testing. To accelerate the development of new therapeutics for lung diseases, we established two classes of lung-mimicking models: (i) healthy, and (ii) diseased lungs - COPD. METHODS To establish models that mimic the lung complexity to different extents, we used five design components: (i) cell type, (ii) membrane structure/constitution, (iii) environmental conditions, (iv) cellular arrangement, (v) substrate, matrix structure and composition. To determine whether the lung models are reproducible and reliable, we developed a quality control (QC) strategy, which integrated the real-time and end-point quantitative and qualitative measurements of cellular barrier function, permeability, tight junctions, tissue structure, tissue composition, and cytokine secretion. RESULTS The healthy model is characterised by (i) continuous tight junctions, (ii) physiological cellular barrier function, (iii) a full thickness epithelium composed of multiple cell layers, and (iv) the presence of ciliated cells and goblet cells. Meanwhile, the disease model emulates human COPD disease: (i) dysfunctional cellular barrier function, (ii) depletion of ciliated cells, and (ii) overproduction of goblet cells. The models developed here have multiple competitive advantages when compared with existing in vitro lung models: (i) the macroscale enables multimodal and correlative characterisation of the same model system, (ii) the use of cells derived from patients that enables the creation of individual models for each patient for personalised medicine, (iii) the use of an extracellular matrix proteins interface, which promotes physiological cell adhesion and differentiation, (iv) media microcirculation that mimics the dynamic conditions in human lungs. CONCLUSION Our model can be utilised to test safety, efficacy, and superiority of new therapeutics as well as to test toxicity and injury induced by inhaled pollution or pathogens. It is envisaged that these models can also be used to test the protective function of new therapeutics for high-risk patients or workers exposed to occupational hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Huyen Phan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Huaikai Shi
- Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher E Denes
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexander J Cole
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Centre of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Graham Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 400-712, South Korea
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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7
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Thiam F, Yazeedi SA, Feng K, Phogat S, Demirsoy E, Brussow J, Abokor FA, Osei ET. Understanding fibroblast-immune cell interactions via co-culture models and their role in asthma pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128023. [PMID: 36911735 PMCID: PMC9996007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease involving airway inflammation and fibrosis. Fibroblasts are the main effector cells important for lung tissue production which becomes abnormal in asthmatics and is one of the main contributors to airway fibrosis. Although fibroblasts were traditionally viewed solely as structural cells, they have been discovered to be highly active, and involved in lung inflammatory and fibrotic processes in asthma. In line with this, using 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models, a complex interaction between lung fibroblasts and various immune cells important for the pathogenesis of asthma have been recently uncovered. Hence, in this review, we provide the first-ever summary of various studies that used 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models to assess the nature of aberrant immune cell-fibroblast interactions and their contributions to chronic inflammation and fibrotic mechanisms in asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Thiam
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - S Al Yazeedi
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - K Feng
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - S Phogat
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - E Demirsoy
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - J Brussow
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - F A Abokor
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - E T Osei
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Chernokal B, Gonyea CR, Gleghorn JP. Lung Development in a Dish: Models to Interrogate the Cellular Niche and the Role of Mechanical Forces in Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:29-48. [PMID: 37195525 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, emphasis has been placed on recapitulating in vitro the architecture and multicellular interactions found in organs in vivo [1, 2]. Whereas traditional reductionist approaches to in vitro models enable teasing apart the precise signaling pathways, cellular interactions, and response to biochemical and biophysical cues, model systems that incorporate higher complexity are needed to ask questions about physiology and morphogenesis at the tissue scale. Significant advancements have been made in establishing in vitro models of lung development to understand cell-fate specification, gene regulatory networks, sexual dimorphism, three-dimensional organization, and how mechanical forces interact to drive lung organogenesis [3-5]. In this chapter, we highlight recent advances in the rapid development of various lung organoids, organ-on-a-chip models, and whole lung ex vivo explant models currently used to dissect the roles of these cellular signals and mechanical cues in lung development and potential avenues for future investigation (Fig. 3.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brea Chernokal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Cailin R Gonyea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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9
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Bogdanoff RF, Kaiser AJ, Benam KH. Protocol for the operation of a breathing and vaping biomimetic robot to delineate real-time inhaled particle profile of electronic cigarettes. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101885. [PMID: 36595946 PMCID: PMC9719092 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a robotic human vaping mimetic real-time particle analyzer (HUMITIPAA) to evaluate the impact of change in chemical constituents and breathing profiles of electronic cigarettes (ECs) on potential pulmonary toxicity. Here, we describe the fabrication procedure of EC mouthpiece(s), establishment of sensor saturation curve, and preparation of e-liquid and vaping device(s) for testing. We further detail steps for HUMITIPAA preparation and connection setup, followed by data collection and processing. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kaiser et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F. Bogdanoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander J. Kaiser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kambez H. Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Corresponding author
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10
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Mir SM, Chen J, Pinezich MR, O'Neill JD, Huang SXL, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Kim J. Imaging-guided bioreactor for de-epithelialization and long-term cultivation of ex vivo rat trachea. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1018-1031. [PMID: 35166739 PMCID: PMC8942046 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent synergistic advances in organ-on-chip and tissue engineering technologies offer opportunities to create in vitro-grown tissue or organ constructs that can faithfully recapitulate their in vivo counterparts. Such in vitro tissue or organ constructs can be utilized in multiple applications, including rapid drug screening, high-fidelity disease modeling, and precision medicine. Here, we report an imaging-guided bioreactor that allows in situ monitoring of the lumen of ex vivo airway tissues during controlled in vitro tissue manipulation and cultivation of isolated rat trachea. Using this platform, we demonstrated partial removal of the rat tracheal epithelium (i.e., de-epithelialization) without disrupting the underlying subepithelial cells and extracellular matrix. Through different tissue evaluation assays, such as immunofluorescent staining, DNA/protein quantification, and electron beam microscopy, we showed that the epithelium of the tracheal lumen can be effectively removed with negligible disruption in the underlying tissue layers, such as cartilage and blood vessel. Notably, using a custom-built micro-optical imaging device integrated with the bioreactor, the trachea lumen was visualized at the cellular level, and removal of the endogenous epithelium and distribution of locally delivered exogenous cells were demonstrated in situ. Moreover, the de-epithelialized trachea supported on the bioreactor allowed attachment and growth of exogenous cells seeded topically on its denuded tissue surface. Collectively, the results suggest that our imaging-enabled rat trachea bioreactor and localized cell replacement method can facilitate creation of bioengineered in vitro airway tissue that can be used in different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
| | - Meghan R Pinezich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D O'Neill
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
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11
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Benam KH, Burgess JK, Stewart AG. Editorial: Accelerated Translation Using Microphysiological Organoid and Microfluidic Chip Models. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:827172. [PMID: 35046832 PMCID: PMC8762276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.827172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Cerimi K, Jäckel U, Meyer V, Daher U, Reinert J, Klar S. In Vitro Systems for Toxicity Evaluation of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds on Humans: Current Status and Trends. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35050015 PMCID: PMC8780961 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) are metabolic products and by-products of bacteria and fungi. They play an important role in the biosphere: They are responsible for inter- and intra-species communication and can positively or negatively affect growth in plants. But they can also cause discomfort and disease symptoms in humans. Although a link between mVOCs and respiratory health symptoms in humans has been demonstrated by numerous studies, standardized test systems for evaluating the toxicity of mVOCs are currently not available. Also, mVOCs are not considered systematically at regulatory level. We therefore performed a literature survey of existing in vitro exposure systems and lung models in order to summarize the state-of-the-art and discuss their suitability for understanding the potential toxic effects of mVOCs on human health. We present a review of submerged cultivation, air-liquid-interface (ALI), spheroids and organoids as well as multi-organ approaches and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of mVOC fingerprinting. However, given the most recent developments in the field, we expect that there will soon be adequate models of the human respiratory tract and its response to mVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kustrim Cerimi
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Udo Jäckel
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ugarit Daher
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jessica Reinert
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefanie Klar
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
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13
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Barreiro Carpio M, Dabaghi M, Ungureanu J, Kolb MR, Hirota JA, Moran-Mirabal JM. 3D Bioprinting Strategies, Challenges, and Opportunities to Model the Lung Tissue Microenvironment and Its Function. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:773511. [PMID: 34900964 PMCID: PMC8653950 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lungs are organs with an intricate hierarchical structure and complex composition; lungs also present heterogeneous mechanical properties that impose dynamic stress on different tissue components during the process of breathing. These physiological characteristics combined create a system that is challenging to model in vitro. Many efforts have been dedicated to develop reliable models that afford a better understanding of the structure of the lung and to study cell dynamics, disease evolution, and drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the lung. This review presents methodologies used to develop lung tissue models, highlighting their advantages and current limitations, focusing on 3D bioprinting as a promising set of technologies that can address current challenges. 3D bioprinting can be used to create 3D structures that are key to bridging the gap between current cell culture methods and living tissues. Thus, 3D bioprinting can produce lung tissue biomimetics that can be used to develop in vitro models and could eventually produce functional tissue for transplantation. Yet, printing functional synthetic tissues that recreate lung structure and function is still beyond the current capabilities of 3D bioprinting technology. Here, the current state of 3D bioprinting is described with a focus on key strategies that can be used to exploit the potential that this technology has to offer. Despite today's limitations, results show that 3D bioprinting has unexplored potential that may be accessible by optimizing bioink composition and looking at the printing process through a holistic and creative lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Ungureanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R. Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jose Manuel Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Dabaghi M, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Chandiramohan A, Saraei N, Kim Y, Gupta T, Selvaganapathy PR, Hirota JA. Adhesive-Based Fabrication Technique for Culture of Lung Airway Epithelial Cells with Applications in Cell Patterning and Microfluidics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5301-5314. [PMID: 34696583 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a versatile and cost-effective cell culture method for micropatterning and growing adherent cells on porous membranes using pressure-sensitive double-sided adhesives. This technique also allows cell culture using conventional methods and their easy integration into microfluidic chip devices. Adhesives can be used to form different patterns of cultured cells, which can be used for cell proliferation and wound-healing models. To demonstrate the viability of our system, we evaluate the toxicity effect of five different adhesives on two distinct airway epithelial cell lines and show functional applications for cell patterning and microfluidic cell culture chip fabrication. We developed a sandwiched microfluidic device that enabled us to culture cells in a submerged condition and transformed it into a dynamic platform when required. The viability of cells and their inflammatory responses to IL-1β stimulation were investigated. Our technique is applicable for conventional culturing of cells, widely available in biomedical research labs, while enabling the introduction of perfusion for an advanced dynamic cell culture model when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Neda Saraei
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yechan Kim
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Tamaghna Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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15
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da Silva da Costa FA, Soares MR, Malagutti-Ferreira MJ, da Silva GR, Lívero FADR, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures as a Research Platform in Lung Diseases and COVID-19. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:735-745. [PMID: 34080133 PMCID: PMC8172328 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are a major public health problem worldwide. In the current epidemiological context, CRD have received much interest when considering their correlation with greater susceptibility to SARS-Cov-2 and severe disease (COVID-19). Increasingly more studies have investigated pathophysiological interactions between CRD and COVID-19. AREA COVERED Animal experimentation has decisively contributed to advancing our knowledge of CRD. Considering the increase in ethical restrictions in animal experimentation, researchers must focus on new experimental alternatives. Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures have complemented animal models and significantly contributed to advancing research in the life sciences. However, 2D cell cultures have several limitations in studies of cellular interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent a new and robust platform for studying complex biological processes and are a promising alternative in regenerative and translational medicine. EXPERT OPINION Three-dimensional cell cultures are obtained by combining several types of cells in integrated and self-organized systems in a 3D structure. These 3D cell culture systems represent an efficient methodological approach in studies of pathophysiology and lung therapy. More recently, complex 3D culture systems, such as lung-on-a-chip, seek to mimic the physiology of a lung in vivo through a microsystem that simulates alveolar-capillary interactions and exposure to air. The present review introduces and discusses 3D lung cultures as robust platforms for studies of the pathophysiology of CRD and COVID-19 and the mechanisms that underlie interactions between CRD and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Allan da Silva da Costa
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University - UNIPAR, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil
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16
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Singh AV, Romeo A, Scott K, Wagener S, Leibrock L, Laux P, Luch A, Kerkar P, Balakrishnan S, Dakua SP, Park B. Emerging Technologies for In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100633. [PMID: 34292676 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory toxicology remains a major research area in the 21st century since current scenario of airborne viral infection transmission and pollutant inhalation is expected to raise the annual morbidity beyond 2 million. Clinical and epidemiological research connecting human exposure to air contaminants to understand adverse pulmonary health outcomes is, therefore, an immediate subject of human health assessment. Important observations in defining systemic effects of environmental contaminants on inhalation metabolic dysfunction, liver health, and gastrointestinal tract have been well explored with in vivo models. In this review, a framework is provided, a paradigm is established about inhalation toxicity testing in vitro, and a brief overview of breathing Lungs-on-Chip (LoC) as design concepts is given. The optimized bioengineering approaches and microfluidics with their fundamental pros, and cons are presented. There are different strategies that researchers apply to inhalation toxicity studies to assess a variety of inhalable substances and relevant LoC approaches. A case study from published literature and frame arguments about reproducibility as well as in vitro/in vivo correlations are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in soft robotics, systems inhalation toxicology approach integrating bioengineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to address a multitude model for future toxicology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Anthony Romeo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
| | - Kassandra Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
| | - Sandra Wagener
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Lars Leibrock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Pranali Kerkar
- ICMR – National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) Pune Maharashtra 411026 India
| | - Shidin Balakrishnan
- Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) PO Box 3050 Doha Qatar
| | - Sarada Prasad Dakua
- Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) PO Box 3050 Doha Qatar
| | - Byung‐Wook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
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17
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Nossa R, Costa J, Cacopardo L, Ahluwalia A. Breathing in vitro: Designs and applications of engineered lung models. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211008696. [PMID: 33996022 PMCID: PMC8107677 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a systematic design guideline to users, particularly engineers interested in developing and deploying lung models, and biologists seeking to identify a suitable platform for conducting in vitro experiments involving pulmonary cells or tissues. We first discuss the state of the art on lung in vitro models, describing the most simplistic and traditional ones. Then, we analyze in further detail the more complex dynamic engineered systems that either provide mechanical cues, or allow for more predictive exposure studies, or in some cases even both. This is followed by a dedicated section on microchips of the lung. Lastly, we present a critical discussion of the different characteristics of each type of system and the criteria which may help researchers select the most appropriate technology according to their specific requirements. Readers are encouraged to refer to the tables accompanying the different sections where comprehensive and quantitative information on the operating parameters and performance of the different systems reported in the literature is provided.
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18
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Jimenez-Valdes RJ, Can UI, Niemeyer BF, Benam KH. Where We Stand: Lung Organotypic Living Systems That Emulate Human-Relevant Host-Environment/Pathogen Interactions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:989. [PMID: 32903497 PMCID: PMC7438438 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are leading causes of death in humans globally. Cigarette smoking is the principal risk factor for the development of COPD, and LRTIs are caused by inhaling respiratory pathogens. Thus, a thorough understanding of host–environment/pathogen interactions is crucial to developing effective preventive and therapeutic modalities against these disorders. While animal models of human pulmonary conditions have been widely utilized, they suffer major drawbacks due to inter-species differences, hindering clinical translation. Here we summarize recent advances in generating complex 3D culture systems that emulate the microarchitecture and pathophysiology of the human lung, and how these platforms have been implemented for studying exposure to environmental factors, airborne pathogens, and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio J Jimenez-Valdes
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Uryan I Can
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian F Niemeyer
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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19
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Benam KH, Novak R, Ferrante TC, Choe Y, Ingber DE. Biomimetic smoking robot for in vitro inhalation exposure compatible with microfluidic organ chips. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:183-206. [PMID: 31925401 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of lung tissues to cigarette smoke is a major cause of human disease and death worldwide. Unfortunately, adequate model systems that can reliably recapitulate disease biogenesis in vitro, including exposure of the human lung airway to fresh whole cigarette smoke (WCS) under physiological breathing airflow, are lacking. This protocol extension builds upon, and can be used with, our earlier protocol for microfabrication of human organs-on-chips. Here, we describe the engineering, assembly and operation of a microfluidically coupled, multi-compartment platform that bidirectionally 'breathes' WCS through microchannels of a human lung small airway microfluidic culture device, mimicking how lung cells may experience smoke in vivo. Several WCS-exposure systems have been developed, but they introduce smoke directly from above the cell cultures, rather than tangentially as naturally occurs in the lung due to lateral airflow. We detail the development of an organ chip-compatible microrespirator and a smoke machine to simulate breathing behavior and smoking topography parameters such as puff time, inter-puff interval and puffs per cigarette. Detailed design files, assembly instructions and control software are provided. This novel platform can be fabricated and assembled in days and can be used repeatedly. Moderate to advanced engineering and programming skills are required to successfully implement this protocol. When coupled with the small airway chip, this protocol can enable prediction of patient-specific biological responses in a matched-comparative manner. We also demonstrate how to adapt the protocol to expose living ciliated airway epithelial cells to smoke generated by electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard Novak
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas C Ferrante
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youngjae Choe
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Benam KH, Gilchrist S, Kleensang A, Satz AB, Willett C, Zhang Q. Exploring new technologies in biomedical research. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1242-1247. [PMID: 30953865 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Health Law, Policy & Ethics Project at Emory University School of Law and the Human Toxicology Project Consortium of the Humane Society of the United States co-sponsored a symposium on October 23, 2017, to showcase innovations using human-based in silico and in vitro models for drug and device discovery. The goal of the symposium was to introduce researchers and students to exciting new tools and possible future careers that will increase understanding of disease and improve the search for effective therapeutics, while reducing reliance on animal testing. The symposium concluded with a discussion between scientists and lawyers about the legal regulation of new biomedical research technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine & Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Andre Kleensang
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ani B Satz
- Emory Global Health Initiative, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine Willett
- Science and Federal Affairs, Research and Toxicology Department, Humane Society International, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Abstract
Introduction: The highly pathogenic coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are lethal zoonotic viruses that have emerged into human populations these past 15 years. These coronaviruses are associated with novel respiratory syndromes that spread from person-to-person via close contact, resulting in high morbidity and mortality caused by the progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Areas covered: The risks of re-emergence of SARS-CoV from bat reservoir hosts, the persistence of MERS-CoV circulation, and the potential for future emergence of novel coronaviruses indicate antiviral drug discovery will require activity against multiple coronaviruses. In this review, approaches that antagonize viral nonstructural proteins, neutralize structural proteins, or modulate essential host elements of viral infection with varying levels of efficacy in models of highly pathogenic coronavirus disease are discussed. Expert opinion: Treatment of SARS and MERS in outbreak settings has focused on therapeutics with general antiviral activity and good safety profiles rather than efficacy data provided by cellular, rodent, or nonhuman primate models of highly pathogenic coronavirus infection. Based on lessons learned from SARS and MERS outbreaks, lack of drugs capable of pan-coronavirus antiviral activity increases the vulnerability of public health systems to a highly pathogenic coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Totura
- a Division of Molecular and Translational Sciences , United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- a Division of Molecular and Translational Sciences , United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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