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Yi X, Wan X, Khan MA, Sun X, Wang Z, Chen K, Peng L. Expression Analysis of circRNAs in Human Adipogenesis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:45-54. [PMID: 38192493 PMCID: PMC10771721 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s381603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adipogenesis is one of the major pathways for generating obesity or overweight that can cause a range of metabolic disorders. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a specific type of RNAs, have a significant influence on metabolic disorders. This study aims to find differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) during human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATs) adipogenesis. Patients and Methods The human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) were isolated from human SATs (n = 3), and then induced into adipocytes. Total RNAs were extracted from hADSCs and adipocytes, and he DECs were detected using circRNA microarray. The GO and KEGG pathways of DECs were analyzed by bioinformatic methods, and partial DECs were further validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Our study detected a total of 1987 DECs, among which, 1134 were found upregulated and 853 were downregulated. GO analysis showed that the upregulated DECs have catalytic activity in intracellular organelle and cytoplasms, whereas downregulated DECs are enriched in organelle lumen, and are involved in positive regulation of developmental process. In addition, pathway results demonstrated that upregulated DECs are involved in platinum drug resistance and cellular senescence, and downregulated DECs are enriched in proteoglycans in cancer and focal adhesion pathway. Two circRNAs, namely has_circ_0001600 and has_circ_0001947 were validated to be significantly upregulated in adipocytes compared to hADSCs. Conclusion Our study explored DECs between hADSCs derived from SATs and adipocytes, and report that two circRNAs named has_circ_0001600 and has_circ_0001947 might be important factors involved in human adipogenesis, however, the molecular mechanism should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Research Division, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Pulmonary Department, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhouqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Cui Y, Zhu Q, Hao H, Flaker GC, Liu Z. N-Acetylcysteine and Atherosclerosis: Promises and Challenges. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2073. [PMID: 38136193 PMCID: PMC10741030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. Although the mechanism for atherosclerosis is complex and has not been fully understood, inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as a mucolytic agent and an antidote for acetaminophen overdose with a well-established safety profile. NAC has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through multiple mechanisms, including an increase in the intracellular glutathione level and an attenuation of the nuclear factor kappa-B mediated production of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that NAC significantly decreases the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the data on the outcomes of clinical studies in patients with atherosclerosis have been limited and inconsistent. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data on the effect of NAC on atherosclerosis from both pre-clinical and clinical studies and discuss the potential mechanisms of action of NAC on atherosclerosis, as well as challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gregory C. Flaker
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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3
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Montaldo L, Gallo A, Rocha G, Csernoch C, Marzi MD, Guerra LN. Anthocyanin-enriched extract from Ribes nigrum inhibits triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in adipocytes. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:675-687. [PMID: 38018449 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is a chronic pathology of epidemic proportions. Mature adipocytes from a 3T3-L1 cell line were used as in vitro obesity model to test different bioactive compounds. We aim to evaluate cassis (Ribes nigrum) extract antioxidant activity and its antiadipogenic effect on mature adipocytes. Results: We produced an extract by using enzyme that combines cellulase and pectinase; we obtained high yield of the bioactive compound anthocyanin. Extract showed high antioxidant capacity. We conducted in vitro assays by adding the extract to adipocytes culture medium. Extract reduced intracellular levels of triglyceride by 62% and cholesterol by 32%. Conclusion: Enzymatic extract's high antioxidant activity was likely attributable to its high concentration of anthocyanin. This extract inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Alicia Gallo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Rocha
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Csernoch
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Mauricio De Marzi
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
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Mahboob A, Samuel SM, Mohamed A, Wani MY, Ghorbel S, Miled N, Büsselberg D, Chaari A. Role of flavonoids in controlling obesity: molecular targets and mechanisms. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1177897. [PMID: 37252233 PMCID: PMC10213274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1177897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a major health challenge that increases the risk of several non-communicable illnesses, such as but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, sleep disorders, and cancers. Accounting for nearly 8% of global deaths (4.7 million) in 2017, obesity leads to diminishing quality of life and a higher premature mortality rate among affected individuals. Although essentially dubbed as a modifiable and preventable health concern, prevention, and treatment strategies against obesity, such as calorie intake restriction and increasing calorie burning, have gained little long-term success. In this manuscript, we detail the pathophysiology of obesity as a multifactorial, oxidative stress-dependent inflammatory disease. Current anti-obesity treatment strategies, and the effect of flavonoid-based therapeutic interventions on digestion and absorption, macronutrient metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress and gut microbiota has been evaluated. The use of several naturally occurring flavonoids to prevent and treat obesity with a long-term efficacy, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arif Mohamed
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Miled
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Tüfekci KK, Bakirhan EG, Terzi F. A Maternal High-Fat Diet Causes Anxiety-Related Behaviors by Altering Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor and Hippocampal Volumes in Rat Offspring: the Potential Effect of N-Acetylcysteine. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1499-1514. [PMID: 36502431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The children of obese mothers are known to have a high risk of obesity and metabolic disease and are prone to developing cognitive deficits, although the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study investigated the relationship between neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) and anxiety-like behaviors in the hippocampi of male rat offspring exposed to maternal obesity and the potential neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A maternal obesity model was created using a high-fat (60% k/cal) diet. NAC (150 mg/kg) was administered by intragastric gavage for 25 days in both the NAC and obesity + NAC (ObNAC) groups. All male rat offspring were subjected to behavioral testing on postnatal day 28, the end of the experiment. Stereological analysis was performed on hippocampal sections, while NPY1R expression was determined using immunohistochemical methods. Stereological data indicated significant decreases in the total volume of the hippocampus and CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions in the obese (Ob) group (p < 0.01). Decreased NPY1R expression was observed in the Ob group hippocampus (p < 0.01). At behavioral assessments, the Ob group rats exhibited increased anxiety and less social interaction, although the ObNAC group rats exhibited stronger responses than the Ob group (p < 0.01). The study results show that NAC attenuated anxiety-like behaviors and NPY1R expression and also protected hippocampal volume against maternal obesity. The findings indicate that a decrease in NPY1R-positive neurons in the hippocampus of male rats due to maternal conditions may be associated with increased levels of anxiety and a lower hippocampal volume. Additionally, although there is no direct evidence, maintenance of NPY1R expression by NAC may be critical for regulating maternal obesity-induced anxiety-related behaviors and hippocampal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Elfide Gizem Bakirhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Funda Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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6
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Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Gupta SK, Kumar Y, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Serum and cecal metabolic profile of the insulin resistant and dyslipidemic p47 phox knockout mice. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:483-497. [PMID: 36251883 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2133705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of NOX-dependent oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders as well as in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis has been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the metabolic profile in p47phox-/- and WT mice fed on a chow diet was evaluated to assess the role of metabolites in glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia under altered oxidative stress conditions. p47phox-/- mice displayed glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, and altered energy homeostasis without any significant change in gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and uptake was enhanced in the liver, adipose tissue, and intestine tissues. Similarly, the expression of genes associated with lipid efflux in the liver and intestine was also enhanced. Enhanced gut permeability, inflammation, and shortening of the gut was evident in p47phox-/- mice. Circulating levels of pyrimidines, phosphatidylglycerol lipids, and 3-methyl-2-oxindole were augmented, while level of purine was reduced in the serum. Moreover, the cecal metabolome was also altered, as was evident with the increase in indole-3-acetamide, N-acetyl galactosamine, glycocholate, and a decrease in hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, and indigestible sugars (raffinose and melezitose). Treatment of p47phox-/- mice with pioglitazone, marginally improved glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, with an increase in PUFAs (linoleate, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid). Overall, the results obtained in p47phox-/- mice indicate an association of IR and dyslipidemia with altered serum and cecal metabolites (both host and bacterial-derived), implying a critical role of NOX-derived ROS in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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7
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Wołosowicz M, Dajnowicz-Brzezik P, Łukaszuk B, Żebrowska E, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A, Kasacka I, Chabowski A. Diverse impact of N-acetylcysteine or alpha-lipoic acid supplementation during high-fat diet regime on fatty acid transporters in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:216-228. [PMID: 35594763 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose tissue's (AT) structural changes accompanying obesity may alter lipid transport protein expression and, thus, the fatty acids (FAs) transport and lipid balance of the body. Metabolic abnormalities within AT contribute to the elevated production of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidative/nitrosative stress. Although compounds such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and α-lipoic acid (ALA), which restore redox homeostasis, may improve lipid metabolism in AT, the mechanism of action of these antioxidants on lipid metabolism in AT is still unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of NAC and ALA on the level and FA composition of the lipid fractions, and the expression of FA transporters in the visceral and subcutaneous AT of high-fat diet-fed rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The mRNA levels and protein expression of FA transporters were assessed using real-time PCR and Western Blot analyses. The collected samples were subjected to histological evaluation. The level of lipids (FFA, DAG, and TAG) was measured using gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS We found that antioxidants affect FA transporter expressions at both the transcript and protein levels, and, therefore, they promote changes in AT's lipid pools. One of the most remarkable findings of our research is that different antioxidant molecules may have a varying impact on AT phenotype. CONCLUSION NAC and ALA exert different influences on AT, which is reflected in histopathological images, FA transport proteins expression patterns, or even the lipid storage capacity of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wołosowicz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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8
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Argaev-Frenkel L, Rosenzweig T. Complexity of NAC Action as an Antidiabetic Agent: Opposing Effects of Oxidative and Reductive Stress on Insulin Secretion and Insulin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062965. [PMID: 35328386 PMCID: PMC8950759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated redox balance is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. While the benefit of antioxidants in neutralizing oxidative stress is well characterized, the potential harm of antioxidant-induced reductive stress is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on various tissues involved in the regulation of blood glucose and the mechanisms underlying its functions. H2O2 was used as an oxidizing agent in order to compare the outcomes of oxidative and reductive stress on cellular function. Cellular death in pancreatic islets and diminished insulin secretion were facilitated by H2O2-induced oxidative stress but not by NAC. On the other hand, myotubes and adipocytes were negatively affected by NAC-induced reductive stress, as demonstrated by the impaired transmission of insulin signaling and glucose transport, as opposed to H2O2-stimulatory action. This was accompanied by redox balance alteration and thiol modifications of proteins. The NAC-induced deterioration of insulin signaling was also observed in healthy mice, while both insulin secretion and insulin signaling were improved in diabetic mice. This study establishes the tissue-specific effects of NAC and the importance of the delicate maintenance of redox balance, emphasizing the challenge of implementing antioxidant therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel;
- Department of Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3937-1433
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9
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Abstract
Background: The addition of 5 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to 3T3-L1 adipocytes culture inhibits the accumulation of triglycerides (Tg) by 50%, but after 48 h uptake was only 16% of total NAC available. Based on these results, the aim of this study is to increase the NAC cellular uptake by encapsulating it in silica nanoparticles (NPs). Materials & methods: Silica NPs, 20 ± 4.5 nm in size, were developed, with an inner cavity loaded with 5 mM NAC. At 48 h after treatment, there was a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. We attempted to reduce the cytotoxicity of silica NPs by coating them with bovine serum albumin. Results: While we obtained nontoxic bovine serum albumin coated NPs, their effect on Tg cellular accumulation was also reduced.
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Reduced lipolysis in lipoma phenocopies lipid accumulation in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:565-576. [PMID: 33235355 PMCID: PMC7906903 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidation of lipid metabolism and accumulation mechanisms is of paramount importance to understanding obesity and unveiling therapeutic targets. In vitro cell models have been extensively used for these purposes, yet, they do not entirely reflect the in vivo setup. Conventional lipomas, characterized by the presence of mature adipocytes and increased adipogenesis, could overcome the drawbacks of cell cultures. Also, they have the unique advantage of easily accessible matched controls in the form of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from the same individual. We aimed to determine whether lipomas are a good model to understand lipid accumulation. METHODS We histologically compared lipomas and control SAT, followed by assessment of the lipidome using high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-IT mass spectrometry. RNA-sequencing was used to obtain the transcriptome of lipomas and the matched SAT. RESULTS We found a significant increase of small-size (maximal axis < 70 µm) and very big (maximal axis > 150 µm) adipocytes within lipomas. This suggests both enhanced adipocyte proliferation and increased lipid accumulation. We further show that there is no significant change in the lipid composition compared to matched SAT. To better delineate the pathophysiology of lipid accumulation, we considered two groups with different genetic backgrounds: (1) lipomas with HMGA2 fusions and (2) without gene fusions. To reduce the search space for genes that are relevant for lipid pathophysiology, we focused on the overlapping differentially expressed (DE) genes between the two groups. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that DE genes are enriched in pathways related to lipid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS We show that the common shared lipid accumulation mechanism in lipoma is a reduction in lipolysis, with most gene dysregulations leading to a reduced cAMP in the adipocyte. Superficial lipomas could thus be used as a model for lipid accumulation through altered lipolysis as found in obese patients.
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11
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He B, Wang X, Jin X, Xue Z, Zhu J, Wang C, Jin Y, Fu Z. β -Cypermethrin promotes the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via inducing autophagy and shaping an adipogenesis-friendly microenvironment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:821-831. [PMID: 32637997 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids has garnered attention, and studies have revealed that pyrethroids promote fat accumulation and lead to obesity in mice. Nevertheless, the effect of β-cypermethrin (β-CYP) on adipogenesis and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, mouse embryo fibroblasts 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to β-CYP, and the cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, autophagy, and adipogenesis were assessed to investigate the roles of oxidative stress and autophagy in the toxic effects of β-CYP on adipogenesis. The results demonstrated that treatment with 100 μΜ β-CYP elevated the ROS level, decreased mitochondrion membrane potential, stimulated autophagy, and enhanced the adipogenesis induced by the mixture of insulin, dexamethasone, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. However, co-treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine partially blocked the abovementioned effects of β-CYP in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, co-treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy agonist, enhanced the inductive effect of β-CYP on adipogenesis, whereas co-treatment with 3-methyladenine blocked the enhancement of adipogenesis caused by β-CYP. Moreover, β-CYP also altered the microenvironment of 3T3-L1 cells to an adipogenesis-friendly one by reducing the extracellular expression of miR-34a, suggesting that the culture media of β-CYP-treated 3T3-L1 cells could shift macrophages to M2 type. Taken together, the data obtained in the present study demonstrated that β-CYP promoted adipogenesis via oxidative stress-mediated autophagy disturbance, and it caused macrophage M2 polarization via the alteration of miR-34a level in the microenvironment. The study demonstrated the adipogenesis-promoting effect of β-CYP and unveiled the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xini Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zimeng Xue
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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12
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Dludla PV, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Nyambuya TM, Mxinwa V, Tiano L, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Louw J, Nkambule BB. The beneficial effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against obesity associated complications: A systematic review of pre-clinical studies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Šalamon Š, Kramar B, Marolt TP, Poljšak B, Milisav I. Medical and Dietary Uses of N-Acetylcysteine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050111. [PMID: 31035402 PMCID: PMC6562654 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a plant antioxidant naturally found in onion, is a precursor to glutathione. It has been used as a drug since the 1960s and is listed on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines as an antidote in poisonings. There are numerous other uses or proposed uses in medicine that are still in preclinical and clinical investigations. NAC is also used in food supplements and cosmetics. Despite its abundant use, there are projections that the NAC global market will grow in the next five years; therefore, the purpose of this work is to provide a balanced view of further uses of NAC as a dietary supplement. Although NAC is considered a safe substance, the results among clinical trials are sometimes controversial or incomplete, like for many other antioxidants. More clinical trials are underway that will improve our understanding of NAC applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Šalamon
- Center for human molecular genetics and pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Kramar
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tinkara Pirc Marolt
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Borut Poljšak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Irina Milisav
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Raffaele M, Barbagallo I, Licari M, Carota G, Sferrazzo G, Spampinato M, Sorrenti V, Vanella L. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Ameliorates Lipid-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells-Derived Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:5310961. [PMID: 30416532 PMCID: PMC6207898 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5310961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental data suggest that fatty acids and lipotoxicity could play a role in the initiation and evolution of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. A functional bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) may provide support to surrounding cells and tissues or may serve as a lipid reservoir that protects skeletal osteoblasts from lipotoxicity. The present study examined the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a powerful antioxidant and precursor of glutathione, commonly used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, on triglycerides accumulation in bone marrow stromal cells-derived adipocytes. Quantification of Oil Red O stained cells showed that lipid droplets decreased following NAC treatment. Additionally, exposure of bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5) to NAC increased adiponectin, PPARγ, HO-1, and SIRT-1 and increased beta-oxidation markers such as PPARα and PPARδ mRNA levels. As there is now substantial interest in alternative medicine, the observed therapeutic value of NAC should be taken into consideration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Licari
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sferrazzo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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15
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Villagarcía HG, Castro MC, Arbelaez LG, Schinella G, Massa ML, Spinedi E, Francini F. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine treatment efficiently prevented pre-diabetes and inflamed-dysmetabolic liver development in hypothalamic obese rats. Life Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hypothalamic obese rats are characterized by pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperadiposity, inflammation and, liver dysmetabolism with oxidative stress (OS), among others. We studied endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions and, liver OS and inflammation in both monosodium l-glutamate (MSG)-neonatally damaged and control litter-mate (C) adult male rats, either chronically treated with N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine since weaned (C-NAC and MSG-NAC) or not. METHODOLOGY We evaluated circulating TBARS, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid (UA) and, aspartate and alanine amino-transferase; insulin sensitivity markers (HOMA indexes, Liver Index of Insulin Sensitivity -LISI-) were calculated and liver steps of the insulin-signaling pathway were investigated. Additionally, we monitored liver OS (protein carbonyl groups, GSH and iNOS level) and inflammation-related markers (COX-2 and TNFα protein content; gene expression level of Il1b, Tnfα and Pai-1); and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic functions (glucokinase/fructokinase activities and, mRNA levels of Srebp1c, Fas and Gpat). KEY FINDINGS Chronic NAC treatment in MSG rats efficiently decreased the high circulating levels of triglycerides, UA, transaminases and TBARS, as well as peripheral (high insulinemia and HOMA indexes) and liver (LISI and the P-AKT:AKT and P-eNOS:eNOS protein ratio values) insulin-resistance. Moreover, NAC therapy in MSG rats prevented liver dysmetabolism by decreasing local levels of OS and inflammation markers. Finally, NAC-treated MSG rats retained normal liver glucokinase and fructokinase activities, and Srebp1c, Fas and Gpat (lipogenic genes) expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE Our study strongly supports that chronic oral antioxidant therapy (NAC administration) prevented the development of pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflamed-dysmetabolic liver in hypothalamic obese rats by efficiently decreasing high endogenous OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo Schinella
- Cátedra Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP and CICPBA, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Laura Massa
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Spinedi
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | - Flavio Francini
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina.
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16
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Caira S, Iannelli A, Sciarrillo R, Picariello G, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Addeo P. Differential representation of liver proteins in obese human subjects suggests novel biomarkers and promising targets for drug development in obesity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:672-682. [PMID: 28274171 PMCID: PMC6009959 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1292262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteome of liver biopsies from human obese (O) subjects has been compared to those of nonobese (NO) subjects using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Differentially represented proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)-based peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and nanoflow-liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Overall, 61 gene products common to all of the liver biopsies were identified within 65 spots, among which 25 ones were differently represented between O and NO subjects. In particular, over-representation of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, Δ(3,5)-Δ(2,4)dienoyl-CoA isomerase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase, fructose-biphosphate aldolase B, peroxiredoxin I, protein DJ-1, catalase, α- and β-hemoglobin subunits, 3-mercaptopyruvate S-transferase, calreticulin, aminoacylase 1, phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein and a form of fatty acid-binding protein, together with downrepresentation of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase A1, S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1A and a form of apolipoprotein A-I, was associated with the obesity condition. Some of these metabolic enzymes and antioxidant proteins have already been identified as putative diagnostic markers of liver dysfunction in animal models of steatosis or obesity, suggesting additional investigations on their role in these syndromes. Their differential representation in human liver was suggestive of their consideration as obesity human biomarkers and for the development of novel antiobesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Caira
- a Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , ISPAAM, National Research Council , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- b Département de Chirurgie Digestive , Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Nice , Nice , France
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- c Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie , Università degli Studi del Sannio , Benevento , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Renzone
- a Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , ISPAAM, National Research Council , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- a Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , ISPAAM, National Research Council , Naples , Italy
| | - Pietro Addeo
- e Service de Chirurgie Hépatique, Pancréatique, Biliaire et Transplantation, Pôle des Pathologies Digestives, Hépatiques et de la Transplantation, Hôpital de Hautepierre , Université de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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17
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Soto D, Gomez-Serrano M, Pieralisi A, Calvo JC, Peral B, Guerra LN. N-acetylcysteine inhibits kinase phosphorylation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Redox Rep 2016; 22:265-271. [PMID: 27670786 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1223267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports investigating the effects of antioxidants on obesity have provided contradictory results. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits cellular triglyceride (Tg) accumulation as well as total cellular monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes (Calzadilla et al., Redox Rep. 2013;210-218). Here we analyzed the role of NAC on adipogenic differentiation pathway. METHODS Assays were conducted using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (undifferentiated cells: CC), which are capable of differentiating into mature adipocytes (differentiated cells: DC). We studied the effects of different doses of NAC (0.01 or 1 mM) on DC, to evaluate cellular expression of phospho-JNK½ (pJNK½), phospho-ERK½ (pERK½) and, mitochondrial expression of citrate synthase, fumarate hydratase and MAOA. RESULTS Following the differentiation of preadipocytes, an increase in the expression levels of pJNK½ and pERK½ was observed, together with mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). We found that both doses of NAC decreased the expression of pJNK½ and pERK½. Consistent with these results, NAC significantly inhibited MCE and modified the expression of different mitochondrial proteins. DISCUSSION Our results suggested that NAC could inhibit Tg and mitochondrial protein expression by preventing both MCE and kinase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Soto
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Gomez-Serrano
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Azul Pieralisi
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Belén Peral
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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18
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Cell Models and Their Application for Studying Adipogenic Differentiation in Relation to Obesity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071040. [PMID: 27376273 PMCID: PMC4964416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, the increasing prevalence of obesity has favored an intense study of adipose tissue biology and the precise mechanisms involved in adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Adipocyte commitment and differentiation are complex processes, which can be investigated thanks to the development of diverse in vitro cell models and molecular biology techniques that allow for a better understanding of adipogenesis and adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity. The aim of the present work was to update the different animal and human cell culture models available for studying the in vitro adipogenic differentiation process related to obesity and its co-morbidities. The main characteristics, new protocols, and applications of the cell models used to study the adipogenesis in the last five years have been extensively revised. Moreover, we depict co-cultures and three-dimensional cultures, given their utility to understand the connections between adipocytes and their surrounding cells in adipose tissue.
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19
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Pieralisi A, Martini C, Soto D, Vila MC, Calvo JC, Guerra LN. N-acetylcysteine inhibits lipid accumulation in mouse embryonic adipocytes. Redox Biol 2016; 9:39-44. [PMID: 27281491 PMCID: PMC4906124 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis; some authors reported that fat accumulation correlates to systemic oxidative stress in human and mice, but cellular redox environment effect on lipid accumulation is still unclear. In our laboratory we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (undifferentiated cells: CC), which are capable of differentiating into mature adipocytes (differentiated cells: DC) and accumulate lipids, as obesity model. Here we analyzed the role of the well-known antioxidant and glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in cellular MAPK modulation and lipid accumulation. We evaluated the effect of NAC on the adipogenic differentiation pathway using different doses: 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 mM; no toxic doses in these cells. A dose of 5 mM NAC [DCN-5] provoked a significant decrease in triglyceride accumulation (72±10 [DCN-5] vs 169±15 [DC], p<0.01), as well in Oil Red O stained neutral lipid content (120±2 [DCN-5] vs 139±12 [DC], p<0.01). Molecular mechanisms responsible for adipogenic differentiation involve increase of the expression of phosphoERK½ and phosphoJNK, 5 mM NAC treatment inhibited both pERK½ and pJNK protein levels. We also evaluated the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) which takes place during adipogenesis and observed an increase in DC at a rate of 1.5 cells number compared to CC at day 2, whereas the highest doses of NAC significantly inhibited MCE. Our results suggest that NAC inhibits lipid accumulation and the MAPK phosphorylation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts during adipogenic differentiation and further contribute to probe the importance of cellular redox environment in adipogenesis. NAC, up to 5 mM, is not toxic in adipocytes obtained from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. NAC inhibited phosphorylation of ERK½ and JNK in adipogenic differentiation. NAC inhibited mitotic clonal expansion in adipogenic differentiation. NAC inhibited triglyceride and lipid accumulation in mouse embryonic adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pieralisi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Martini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Soto
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Vila
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J C Calvo
- IBYME, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L N Guerra
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Al-Naqeb G, Rousová J, Kubátová A, Picklo MJ. Pulicaria jaubertii E. Gamal-Eldin reduces triacylglyceride content and modifies cellular antioxidant pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:48-59. [PMID: 27163856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Levels of obesity in Middle Eastern countries are increasing. Phytochemicals have anti-obesogenic properties as evidenced by prevention of adipocyte differentiation and blocking triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation. In Yemen, Pulicaria jaubertii E. Gamal-Eldin (PJ) is a food additive and a traditional medicine. We tested the hypothesis that phytochemicals present in PJ inhibit adipocytic responses during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Methanolic extracts of PJ did not block expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) a marker of differentiation but did inhibit TG accumulation. Treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes increased NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a suppressor of TG accumulation. Further fractionation of the methanolic PJ extract with hexane and dichloromethane (DCM) demonstrated that bioactivity towards TG reduction and elevated expression of NQO1 and other antioxidant genes (glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic unit, glutathione disulfide reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 4 resided in the DCM fraction. Activity towards depleting GSH and elevating the expression of catalase and GPx3 were found in the DCM and hexane fractions. Analysis by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated the presence of catechin-like moieties in the DCM and methanolic fractions and suggest that these components were partially responsible for the bioactivity of these fractions. In summary, our data indicate that fractions derived PJ exhibit anti-adipogenic properties in part through the presence of catechin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanya Al-Naqeb
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Jana Rousová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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21
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Guerra LN, Suarez C, Soto D, Schiappacasse A, Sapochnik D, Sacca P, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Peral B, Calvo JC. GAL3ST2 from mammary gland epithelial cells affects differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:511-20. [PMID: 25532485 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the mammary gland, the involution that occurs when lactation ends is an important period for cancer development. We have previously demonstrated stromal-epithelium interactions evaluating conditioned medium of adipose tissue on breast epithelial metalloproteases activity (Creydt et al., Clin Transl Oncol 15:124-131, 2013). Here, we evaluated the effects of conditioned medium of breast epithelial mammary cells on stromal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conditioned medium from normal murine mammary gland cell line (NMuMG) and conditioned medium proteins were obtained. Then, they were evaluated on modulation of adipocyte differentiation, using 3T3-L1 cell line. RESULTS We described, for the first time, that breast epithelial mammary cells could produce the enzyme galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 (GAL3ST2). Importantly, GAL3ST2 is present in NMMuMG and two human breast cancer cell lines, and it is more strongly expressed in more metastatic tumors. When 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation was triggered in the presence of conditioned medium from NMuMG or GAL3ST2, triglyceride accumulation was decreased by 40 % and C/EBPβ expression by 80 % in adipocytes. In addition, the expression of FABP4 (aP2), another marker of adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by 40 % in GAL3ST2-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that GAL3ST2 would interfere with normal differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; raising the possibility that it may affect normal differentiation of stromal preadipocytes and be a link to tumor metastatic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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22
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Ye ZW, Zhang J, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Oxidative stress, redox regulation and diseases of cellular differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1607-21. [PMID: 25445706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within cells, there is a narrow concentration threshold that governs whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce toxicity or act as second messengers. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss current understanding of how ROS arise, facilitate cell signaling, cause toxicities and disease related to abnormal cell differentiation and those (primarily) sulfur based pathways that provide nucleophilicity to offset these effects. PRIMARY CONCLUSIONS Cellular redox homeostasis mediates a plethora of cellular pathways that determine life and death events. For example, ROS intersect with GSH based enzyme pathways to influence cell differentiation, a process integral to normal hematopoiesis, but also affecting a number of diverse cell differentiation related human diseases. Recent attempts to manage such pathologies have focused on intervening in some of these pathways, with the consequence that differentiation therapy targeting redox homeostasis has provided a platform for drug discovery and development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The balance between electrophilic oxidative stress and protective biomolecular nucleophiles predisposes the evolution of modern life forms. Imbalances of the two can produce aberrant redox homeostasis with resultant pathologies. Understanding the pathways involved provides opportunities to consider interventional strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 274 Calhoun Street MSC 141, Charleston, SC 29425-1410, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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