1
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Montecino-Rodriguez E, Estrada OI, Dorshkind K. Transient PU.1 low fetal progenitors generate lymphoid progeny that contribute to adult immunity. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402629. [PMID: 38830768 PMCID: PMC11147949 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells and multipotential progenitors emerge in multiple, overlapping waves of fetal development. Some of these populations seed the bone marrow and sustain adult B- and T-cell development long-term after birth. However, others are present transiently, but whether they are vestigial or generate B and T cells that contribute to the adult immune system is not well understood. We now report that transient fetal progenitors distinguished by expression of low levels of the PU.1 transcription factor generated activated and memory T and B cells that colonized and were maintained in secondary lymphoid tissues. These included the small and large intestines, where they may contribute to the maintenance of gut homeostasis through at least middle age. At least some of the activated/memory cells may have been the progeny of B-1 and marginal zone B cells, as transient PU.1low fetal progenitors efficiently generated those populations. Taken together, our data demonstrate the potential of B- and T-cell progeny of transient PU.1low fetal progenitors to make an early and long-term contribution to the adult immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnacion Montecino-Rodriguez
- https://ror.org/00mjfew53 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oscar I Estrada
- https://ror.org/00mjfew53 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Dorshkind
- https://ror.org/00mjfew53 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Katsumata E, Tsuruta T, Sonoyama K, Yoshida T, Sasaki M, Teraoka M, Wang T, Nishino N. Unabsorbed Fecal Fat Content Correlates with a Reduction of Immunoglobulin a Coating of Gut Bacteria in High-Lard Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400078. [PMID: 38965658 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Immunoglobulin A (IgA) selectively coats gut bacteria and contributes to regulatory functions in gastrointestinal inflammation and glucose metabolism. Excess intake of lard leads to decrease in the IgA coating of gut bacteria, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study validates how unabsorbed fat derived from a high-lard diet in the gut affects the IgA coating of bacteria, as assessed in mouse models using three types of dietary fat (lard, medium-, and long-chain triglycerides [MLCTs], and medium-chain triglycerides [MCTs]) exhibiting different digestibilities. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice are maintained on diets containing lard, MLCTs, or MCTs at 7% or 30% w/w for 10 weeks (n = 6 per group). The fecal fatty acid concentration is measured to quantify unabsorbed fat content. The ratio of IgA-coated bacteria to total bacteria (IgA coating ratio) in the feces is measured by flow cytometry. Compared to lard-fed mice, MLCT- and MCT-fed mice exhibit lower fecal concentrations of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid and higher IgA coating ratios at both 7% and 30% dietary fat, and these parameters exhibit significant negative correlations. CONCLUSION Unabsorbed fat content in the gut may result in attenuated IgA coating of bacteria in high-lard diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Katsumata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Mio Sasaki
- TAIYO YUSHI Corporation, Yokohama, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Mao Teraoka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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3
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Ji X, Wu L, Marion T, Luo Y. Lipid metabolism in regulation of B cell development and autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:40-51. [PMID: 37419766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
B cells play an important role in adaptive immunity and participate in the process of humoral immunity mainly by secreting antibodies. The entire development and differentiation process of B cells occurs in multiple microenvironments and is regulated by a variety of environmental factors and immune signals. Differentiation biases or disfunction of B cells participate in the process of many autoimmune diseases. Emerging studies report the impact of altered metabolism in B cell biology, including lipid metabolism. Here, we discuss how extracellular lipid environment and metabolites, membrane lipid-related components, and lipid synthesis and catabolism programs coordinate B cell biology and describe the crosstalk of lipid metabolic programs with signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. We conclude with a summary of therapeutic targets for B cell lipid metabolism and signaling in autoimmune diseases and discuss important future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ji
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tony Marion
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yubin Luo
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Sun G, Wang B, Zhu H, Ye J, Liu X. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in sepsis-associated intestinal injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1265398. [PMID: 37746079 PMCID: PMC10514503 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1265398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a widespread lipid signaling molecule that binds to five sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) to regulate downstream signaling pathways. Sepsis can cause intestinal injury and intestinal injury can aggravate sepsis. Thus, intestinal injury and sepsis are mutually interdependent. S1P is more abundant in intestinal tissues as compared to other tissues, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, promotes immune cell trafficking, and protects the intestinal barrier. Despite the clinical importance of S1P in inflammation, with a very well-defined mechanism in inflammatory bowel disease, their role in sepsis-induced intestinal injury has been relatively unexplored. In addition to regulating lymphocyte exit, the S1P-S1PR pathway has been implicated in the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and immune cells in the lamina propria. This review mainly elaborates on the physiological role of S1P in sepsis, focusing on intestinal injury. We introduce the generation and metabolism of S1P, emphasize the maintenance of intestinal barrier homeostasis in sepsis, and the protective effect of S1P in the intestine. We also review the link between sepsis-induced intestinal injury and S1P-S1PRs signaling, as well as the underlying mechanisms of action. Finally, we discuss how S1PRs affect intestinal function and become targets for future drug development to improve the translational capacity of preclinical studies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehui Sun
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junming Ye
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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5
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Yoshihara T, Okabe Y. Aldh1a2 + fibroblastic reticular cells regulate lymphocyte recruitment in omental milky spots. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213908. [PMID: 36880532 PMCID: PMC9997506 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid clusters in visceral adipose tissue omentum, known as milky spots, play a central role in the immunological defense in the abdomen. Milky spots exhibit hybrid nature between secondary lymph organs and ectopic lymphoid tissues, yet their development and maturation mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identified a subset of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that are uniquely present in omental milky spots. These FRCs were characterized by the expression of retinoic acid-converting enzyme, Aldh1a2, and endothelial cell marker, Tie2, in addition to canonical FRC-associated genes. Diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of Aldh1a2+ FRCs resulted in the alteration in milky spot structure with a significant reduction in size and cellularity. Mechanistically, Aldh1a2+ FRCs regulated the display of chemokine CXCL12 on high endothelial venules (HEVs), which recruit blood-borne lymphocytes from circulation. We further found that Aldh1a2+ FRCs are required for the maintenance of peritoneal lymphocyte composition. These results illustrate the homeostatic roles of FRCs in the formation of non-classical lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yoshihara
- Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Okabe
- Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency , PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
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6
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Silvy P, Magdalena Z, Giuseppe F, Eleonora C, Lorena L. Disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis: implications for gut microbiota. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 73:104671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Riese J, Hähnel C, Menz J, Hannemann M, Khabipov A, Lührs F, Schulze T. S1PR 4 deficiency results in reduced germinal center formation but only marginally affects antibody production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1053490. [PMID: 36532028 PMCID: PMC9755867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Splenic B cells exhibit a high expression of the G protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor type 4 (S1PR4). Little is known about the functional relevance of S1PR4 expression on those cells. Methods In this study, S1PR4-deficient mice were used to study the role of S1PR4-mediated S1P signaling in B cell motility in vitro and for the maintenance of the splenic architecture under steady state conditions as well as in polymicrobial abdominal sepsis in vivo. Finally, the impact of S1PR4 deficiency on antibody production after immunization with T cell dependent antigens was assessed. Results Loss of S1PR4 resulted in minor alterations of the splenic architecture concerning the presence of B cell follicles. After sepsis induction, the germinal center response was severely impaired in S1PR4-deficient animals. Splenic B cells showed reduced motility in the absence of S1PR4. However, titres of specific antibodies showed only minor reductions in S1PR4-deficient animals. Discussion These observations suggest that S1P signaling mediated by S1PR4 modifies chemokine-induced splenic B cell chemotaxis, thus modulating splenic microarchitecture, GC formation and T-cell dependent antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Schulze
- Experimental Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Boussamet L, Rajoka MSR, Berthelot L. Microbiota, IgA and Multiple Sclerosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030617. [PMID: 35336190 PMCID: PMC8954136 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by immune cell infiltration in the central nervous system and destruction of myelin sheaths. Alterations of gut bacteria abundances are present in MS patients. In mouse models of neuroinflammation, depletion of microbiota results in amelioration of symptoms, and gavage with MS patient microbiota exacerbates the disease and inflammation via Th17 cells. On the other hand, depletion of B cells using anti-CD20 is an efficient therapy in MS, and growing evidence shows an important deleterious role of B cells in MS pathology. However, the failure of TACI-Ig treatment in MS highlighted the potential regulatory role of plasma cells. The mechanism was recently demonstrated involving IgA+ plasma cells, specific for gut microbiota and producing IL-10. IgA-coated bacteria in MS patient gut exhibit also modifications. We will focus our review on IgA interactions with gut microbiota and IgA+ B cells in MS. These recent data emphasize new pathways of neuroinflammation regulation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Boussamet
- Centre for Research in Transplantation and Translation Immunology, Nantes Université, Inserm, CR2TI UMR, 1064 Nantes, France;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Centre for Research in Transplantation and Translation Immunology, Nantes Université, Inserm, CR2TI UMR, 1064 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Abstract
There are numbers of leukocytes present in peritoneal cavity, not only protecting body cavity from infection but also contributing to peripheral immunity including natural antibody production in circulation. The peritoneal leukocytes compose unique immune compartment, the functions of which cannot be replaced by other lymphoid organs. Atypical lymphoid clusters, called "milky spots", that are located in visceral adipose tissue omentum have the privilege of immune niche in terms of differentiation, recruitment, and activation of peritoneal immunity, yet mechanisms underlying the regulation are underexplored. In this review, I discuss the emerging views of peritoneal immune system in the contexts of its development, organization, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Okabe
- Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
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10
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Chatzikonstantinou S, Poulidou V, Arnaoutoglou M, Kazis D, Heliopoulos I, Grigoriadis N, Boziki M. Signaling through the S1P-S1PR Axis in the Gut, the Immune and the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis: Implication for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113217. [PMID: 34831439 PMCID: PMC8626013 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling molecule with complex biological functions that are exerted through the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1–5 (S1PR1–5). S1PR expression is necessary for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and, importantly, for the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs. Since the inflammatory process is a key element of immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), S1PR modulators are currently used to ameliorate systemic immune responses. The ubiquitous expression of S1PRs by immune, intestinal and neural cells has significant implications for the regulation of the gut–brain axis. The dysfunction of this bidirectional communication system may be a significant factor contributing to MS pathogenesis, since an impaired intestinal barrier could lead to interaction between immune cells and microbiota with a potential to initiate abnormal local and systemic immune responses towards the central nervous system (CNS). It appears that the secondary mechanisms of S1PR modulators affecting the gut immune system, the intestinal barrier and directly the CNS, are coordinated to promote therapeutic effects. The scope of this review is to focus on S1P−S1PR functions in the cells of the CNS, the gut and the immune system with particular emphasis on the immunologic effects of S1PR modulation and its implication in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simela Chatzikonstantinou
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G.Papanikolaou” Hospital, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Vasiliki Poulidou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Marianthi Arnaoutoglou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Kazis
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G.Papanikolaou” Hospital, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Ioannis Heliopoulos
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Marina Boziki
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Li Y, Tang Y, Liu J, Meng X, Wang Y, Min Q, Hong R, Tsubata T, Hase K, Wang JY. Glia maturation factor-γ is involved in S1P-induced marginal zone B cell chemotaxis and optimal T-independent type II antigen-induced IgM production. Int Immunol 2021; 34:35-43. [PMID: 34673932 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal zone B cells (MZB) represent a unique B cell subpopulation that rapidly differentiate into IgM-secreting plasma cells in response to T-independent (T-I) antigen. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) promotes MZB localization to the marginal zone. However, intracellular molecules involved in MZB localization and migration remain largely unknown. Here we show that MZB lacking the Glia maturation factor-γ (GMFG) are impaired in chemotaxis toward S1P under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, suggesting that GMFG is an effector downstream of S1P receptors. GMFG undergoes serine phosphorylation upon S1P stimulation and is required for S1P-induced desensitization of S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1). Compared with wild type mice, Gmfg -/- mice produce elevated levels of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-acetyl (NP)-specific IgM against a T-I type II antigen, NP-Ficoll, accompanied by dysregulated MZB localization. These results identify GMFG as a regulator of S1P-induced MZB chemotaxis and reveal a role for MZB localization in the marginal zone for optimal IgM production against a T-I antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongjian Hong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, China
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Riese J, Gromann A, Lührs F, Kleinwort A, Schulze T. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Type 4 (S1P 4) Is Differentially Regulated in Peritoneal B1 B Cells upon TLR4 Stimulation and Facilitates the Egress of Peritoneal B1a B Cells and Subsequent Accumulation of Splenic IRA B Cells under Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073465. [PMID: 33801658 PMCID: PMC8037865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gram-negative infections of the peritoneal cavity result in profound modifications of peritoneal B cell populations and induce the migration of peritoneal B cells to distant secondary lymphoid organs. However, mechanisms controlling the egress of peritoneal B cells from the peritoneal cavity and their subsequent trafficking remain incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated signaling controls migratory processes in numerous immune cells. The present work investigates the role of S1P-mediated signaling in peritoneal B cell trafficking under inflammatory conditions. Methods: Differential S1P receptor expression after peritoneal B cell activation was assessed semi‑quantitatively using RT-PCR in vitro. The functional implications of differential S1P1 and S1P4 expression were assessed by transwell migration in vitro, by adoptive peritoneal B cell transfer in a model of sterile lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced peritonitis and in the polymicrobial colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) model. Results: The two sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) expressed in peritoneal B cell subsets S1P1 and S1P4 are differentially regulated upon stimulation with the TLR4 agonist LPS, but not upon PMA/ionomycin or B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking. S1P4 deficiency affects both the trafficking of activated peritoneal B cells to secondary lymphoid organs and the positioning of these cells within the functional compartments of the targeted organ. S1P4 deficiency in LPS-activated peritoneal B cells results in significantly reduced numbers of splenic innate response activator B cells. Conclusions: The S1P-S1PR system is implicated in the trafficking of LPS-activated peritoneal B cells. Given the protective role of peritoneal B1a B cells in peritoneal sepsis, further experiments to investigate the impact of S1P4-mediated signaling on the severity and mortality of peritoneal sepsis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Riese
- Experimental Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alina Gromann
- Experimental Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Lührs
- Experimental Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annabel Kleinwort
- Experimental Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Experimental Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Roy S, Khan S, Jairajpuri DS, Hussain A, Alajmi MF, Islam A, Luqman S, Parvez S, Hassan MI. Investigation of sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitory potential of cinchonine and colcemid targeting anticancer therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6350-6362. [PMID: 33565370 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1882341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and inflammation-related ailments, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. The importance of SphK1 in chemo-resistance has been extensively explored in breast, lung, colon, and hepatocellular carcinomas. SphK1 is considered an attractive drug target for the development of anticancer therapy. New drug molecules targeting the S1P signaling are required owing to its pleiotropic nature and association with multiple downstream targets. Here, we have investigated the binding affinity and SphK1 inhibitory potential of cinchonine and colcemid using a combined molecular docking and simulation studies followed by experimental analysis. These compounds bind to SphK1 with a significantly high affinity and subsequently inhibit kinase activity (IC50 7-9 μM). Further, MD simulation studies revealed that both cinchonine and colcemid bind to the residues at the active site pocket of SphK1 with several non-covalent interactions, which may be responsible for inhibiting its kinase activity. Besides, the binding of cinchonine and colcemid causes substantial conformational changes in the structure of SphK1. Taken together, cinchonine and colcemid may be implicated in designing potential drug molecules with improved affinity and specificity for SphK1 targeting anticancer therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Shama Khan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Deeba Shamim Jairajpuri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
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14
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Hosomi K, Kunisawa J. Diversity of energy metabolism in immune responses regulated by micro-organisms and dietary nutrition. Int Immunol 2020; 32:447-454. [PMID: 32219308 PMCID: PMC7318777 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune metabolism has been recognized as a new paradigm in the regulation of host immunity. In the environment, there are many micro-organisms including pathogenic and non-pathogenic and/or beneficial ones. Immune cells exhibit various responses against different types of microbes, which seem to be associated with changes in energy metabolism. In addition, dietary nutrition influences host metabolism and consequent responses by immune cells. In this review, we describe the complex network of immune metabolism from the perspectives of nutrition, micro-organisms and host immunity for the control of immunologic health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Density, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Tyuou-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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15
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Inojosa H, Eisele J, Proschmann U, Zeissig S, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. No Impact of Long-Term Fingolimod Treatment on Fecal Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567659. [PMID: 33102475 PMCID: PMC7546410 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fingolimod (FTY) is a sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) agonist with significant effects on immune cell distribution used as an effective disease modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Animal studies have demonstrated that a dysregulation of egress of murine secretory Immunglobulin A (sIgA)+ plasmablasts from Peyer’s patches in FTY-treated mice reduced fecal sIgA levels. Alterations in intestinal levels of sIgA could modify the gut microbiome and homeostasis in humans. We analyzed the effect of FTY on the fecal and salivary sIgA levels as marker of the humoral immune system in the gut. Methods Twenty five people with confirmed MS diagnosis according to 2010 revised McDonald’s criteria and on long-term continuous treatment at the MS Center in Dresden, Germany were enrolled in this exploratory cross-sectional study. Fecal and salivary sIgA were analyzed after at least 12 months of treatment with FTY or Glatiramer acetate (GA). Results Fifteen MS patients on FTY and 10 on GA participated in this study. The mean fecal sIgA concentration of both groups was not decreased compared to reference values and did not demonstrate significant differences between them (FTY 3323.13 μg/g +/− 2094.72; GA 2040.65 μg/g +/− 1709.07). A similar pattern was seen in the salivary sIgA and serum immunoglobulins levels. Conclusion In this pilot study, we could not confirm the decrease of fecal sIgA after a long-term treatment with FTY. Further longitudinal studies should evaluate the effects of MS treatments on the gut immune system in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Inojosa
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Eisele
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Undine Proschmann
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Valeri V, Tonon S, Vibhushan S, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Adori M, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Gautier G, Tripodo C, Blank U, Mion F, Pucillo CEM. Mast cells crosstalk with B cells in the gut and sustain IgA response in the inflamed intestine. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:445-458. [PMID: 32920851 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are among the cell types whose effector functions are modulated by mast cells (MCs). The B/MC crosstalk emerged in several pathological settings, notably the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is a privileged site in which MCs and IgA+ cells physically interact. Herein, by inducing conditional depletion of MCs in red MC and basophil (RMB) mice, we show that MCs control B cell distribution in the gut and IgA serum levels. Moreover, in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated RMB mice, the presence of MCs is fundamental for the enlargement of the IgA+ population in the bowel and the increase of systemic IgA production. Since both conventional B-2 and peritoneal-derived B cells populate the intestine and communicate with MCs in physiological conditions and during inflammation, we further explored this interplay through the use of co-cultures. We show that MCs finely regulate different aspects of splenic B cell biology while peritoneal B cells are unresponsive to the supporting effects provided by MCs. Interestingly, peritoneal B cells induce a pro-inflammatory skewing in MCs, characterized by increased ST2 and TNF-α expression. Altogether, this study uncovers the versatility of the B/MC liaison and highlights key aspects for the resolution of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Valeri
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Tonon
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Shamila Vibhushan
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monika Adori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gregory Gautier
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ulrich Blank
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Mion
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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17
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Hosomi K, Kiyono H, Kunisawa J. Fatty acid metabolism in the host and commensal bacteria for the control of intestinal immune responses and diseases. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:276-284. [PMID: 31120334 PMCID: PMC7524326 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1612662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tissue has a specialized immune system that exhibits an exquisite balance between active and suppressive responses important for the maintenance of health. Intestinal immunity is functionally affected by both diet and gut commensal bacteria. Here, we review the effects of fatty acids on the regulation of intestinal immunity and immunological diseases, revealing that dietary fatty acids and their metabolites play an important role in the regulation of allergy, inflammation, and immunosurveillance in the intestine. Several lines of evidence have revealed that some dietary fatty acids are converted to biologically active metabolites by enzymes not only in the host but also in the commensal bacteria. Thus, biological interaction between diet and commensal bacteria could form the basis of a new era in the control of host immunity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine, University of California, California, USA
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan,CONTACT Jun Kunisawa Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka567-0085, Japan
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18
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Abstract
In mammals, adaptive immunity is mediated by a broadly diverse repertoire of naive B and T lymphocytes that recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs. Initial antigen exposure promotes lymphocyte clonal expansion and differentiation, including the formation of memory cells. Antigen-specific memory cells are maintained at higher frequencies than their naive counterparts and have different functional and homing abilities. Importantly, a subset of memory cells, known as tissue-resident memory cells, is maintained without recirculating in nonlymphoid tissues, often at barrier surfaces, where they can be reactivated by antigen and rapidly perform effector functions that help protect the tissue in which they reside. Although antigen-experienced B cells are abundant at many barrier surfaces, their characterization as tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells is not well developed. In this study, we describe the characteristics of memory B cells in various locations and discuss their possible contributions to immunity and homeostasis as bona fide BRM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rameeza Allie
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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19
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Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis; Where Are We, What We Know and Do Not Know. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040234. [PMID: 32295236 PMCID: PMC7226078 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase of multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence has been reported during the last decade, and this may be connected to environmental factors. This review article aims to encapsulate the current advances targeting the study of the gut-brain axis, which mediates the communication between the central nervous system and the gut microbiome. Clinical data arising from many research studies, which have assessed the effects of administered disease-modifying treatments in MS patients to the gut microbiome, are also recapitulated.
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20
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Yang C, Mogno I, Contijoch EJ, Borgerding JN, Aggarwala V, Li Z, Siu S, Grasset EK, Helmus DS, Dubinsky MC, Mehandru S, Cerutti A, Faith JJ. Fecal IgA Levels Are Determined by Strain-Level Differences in Bacteroides ovatus and Are Modifiable by Gut Microbiota Manipulation. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:467-475.e6. [PMID: 32075742 PMCID: PMC7213796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fecal IgA production depends on colonization by a gut microbiota. However, the bacterial strains that drive gut IgA production remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the IgA-inducing capacity of a diverse set of human gut microbial strains by monocolonizing mice with each strain. We identified Bacteroides ovatus as the species that best induced gut IgA production. However, this induction varied bimodally across different B. ovatus strains. The high IgA-inducing B. ovatus strains preferentially elicited more IgA production in the large intestine through the T cell-dependent B cell-activation pathway. Remarkably, a low-IgA phenotype in mice could be robustly and consistently converted into a high-IgA phenotype by transplanting a multiplex cocktail of high IgA-inducing B. ovatus strains but not individual ones. Our results highlight the critical importance of microbial strains in driving phenotype variation in the mucosal immune system and provide a strategy to robustly modify a gut immune phenotype, including IgA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ilaria Mogno
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eduardo J Contijoch
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua N Borgerding
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Varun Aggarwala
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sophia Siu
- Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Drew S Helmus
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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21
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Nakazawa M, Maeda S, Yokoyama N, Nakagawa T, Yonezawa T, Ohno K, Matsuki N. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates the production of intestinal IgA and its potential role in the pathogenesis of canine inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1249-1258. [PMID: 31341112 PMCID: PMC6785611 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Decreased production of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been suggested as a possible pathogenesis in a
subset of canine IBD; however, the underlying cause remains unclear. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that regulates intestinal IgA production by controlling lymphocyte
trafficking in mice. The objectives of this study were to clarify the role of S1P in IgA production in dogs and to evaluate the expression of S1P-related molecules in dogs with IBD. First,
an S1P receptor antagonist was administrated to five healthy dogs. The S1P receptor antagonist significantly decreased the IgA concentration in sera and feces but did not affect the IgG
concentration. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of intestinal IgA was significantly decreased by S1P signal blockade. These results indicate that S1P signaling specifically regulates the
intestinal IgA production in dogs. Subsequently, the intestinal S1P concentration and the expression of S1P-related molecules were measured in dogs with IBD and healthy dogs. The intestinal
concentration of S1P was significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. In addition, the gene expression levels of S1P receptor (S1P1) and S1P synthase
(SK1) were significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. Taken together, these observations suggest that decreased S1P production, likely caused by a lower
expression of S1P synthetase, leads to attenuation of S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway and the production of intestinal IgA in dogs with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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22
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Kurano M, Tsuneyama K, Morimoto Y, Nishikawa M, Yatomi Y. Apolipoprotein M suppresses the phenotypes of IgA nephropathy in hyper-IgA mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:5181-5195. [PMID: 30629456 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801748r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Because the association between sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/apolipoprotein M (ApoM) and chronic kidney diseases has not been established, we investigated the involvement of S1P/ApoM in the phenotypes of IgA nephropathy in hyper-IgA (HIGA) mice. The overexpression of ApoM in adenoviral gene transfer ameliorated the phenotypes of IgA nephropathy in HIGA mice, whereas the knockdown of ApoM with siRNA caused deterioration. When ApoM-overexpressing HIGA mice were treated with VPC23019, an antagonist against S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) and 3 (S1P3), we observed that the protective effects of ApoM were reversed, whereas JTE013, an antagonist against S1P2, did not inhibit the effects. We also found that S1P bound to albumin accelerated the proliferation of MES13 cells and the fibrotic changes of HK2 cells, which were inhibited by JTE013, whereas S1P bound to ApoM suppressed these changes, which were inhibited by VPC23019. These results suggest that S1P bound to ApoM possesses properties protective against the phenotypes of IgA nephropathy through S1P1 and S1P3, whereas S1P bound to albumin exerts deteriorating effects through S1P2. ApoM may be useful as a therapeutic target to treat or retard the progression of IgA nephropathy.-Kurano, M., Tsuneyama, K., Morimoto, Y., Nishikawa, M., Yatomi, Y. Apolipoprotein M suppresses the phenotypes of IgA nephropathy in hyper-IgA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
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23
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Cao M, Ji C, Zhou Y, Huang W, Ni W, Tong X, Wei JF. Sphingosine kinase inhibitors: A patent review. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2450-2460. [PMID: 29484372 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) catalyze the conversion of the sphingosine to the promitogenic/migratory product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). SphK/S1P pathway has been linked to the progression of cancer and various other diseases including allergic inflammatory disease, cardiovascular diseases, rejection after transplantation, the central nervous system, and virus infections. Therefore, SphKs represent potential new targets for developing novel therapeutics for these diseases. The history and development of SphK inhibitors are discussed, summarizing SphK inhibitors by their structures, and describing some applications of SphK inhibitors. We concluded: i) initial SphK inhibitors based on sphingosine have low specificity with several important off-targets. Identification the off-targets that would work synergistically with SphKs, and developing compounds that target the unique C4 domain of SphKs should be the focus of future studies. ii) The modifications of SphK inhibitors, which are devoted to increasing the selectivity to one of the two isoforms, now focus on the alkyl length, the spacer between the head and linker rings, and the insertion and the position of lipidic group in tail region. iii) SphK/S1P signaling pathway holds therapeutic values for many diseases. To find the exact function of each isoform of SphKs increasing the number of SphK inhibitor clinical trials is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengda Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Ji
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Ni
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xunliang Tong
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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24
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S1P Signalling Differentially Affects Migration of Peritoneal B Cell Populations In Vitro and Influences the Production of Intestinal IgA In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020391. [PMID: 29382132 PMCID: PMC5855613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates the migration of follicular B cells (B2 cells) and directs the positioning of Marginal zone B cells (MZ B cells) within the spleen. The function of S1P signalling in the third B cell lineage, B1 B cells, mainly present in the pleural and peritoneal cavity, has not yet been determined. Methods: S1P receptor expression was analysed in peritoneal B cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The chemotactic response to S1P was studied in vitro. The role of S1P signalling was further explored in a s1p4−/− mouse strain. Results: Peritoneal B cells expressed considerable amounts of the S1P receptors 1 and 4 (S1P1 and S1P4, respectively). S1P1 showed differential expression between the distinct peritoneal B cell lineages. While B2 cells showed no chemotactic response to S1P, B1 B cells showed a migration response to S1P. s1p4−/− mice displayed significant alterations in the composition of peritoneal B cell populations, as well as a significant reduction of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut. Discussion: S1P signalling influences peritoneal B1 B cell migration. S1P4 deficiency alters the composition of peritoneal B cell populations and reduces secretory IgA levels. These findings suggest that S1P signalling may be a target to modulate B cell function in inflammatory intestinal pathologies.
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25
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Kunisawa J. Metabolic changes during B cell differentiation for the production of intestinal IgA antibody. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1503-1509. [PMID: 27838744 PMCID: PMC11107571 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To sustain the bio-energetic demands of growth, proliferation, and effector functions, the metabolism of immune cells changes dramatically in response to immunologic stimuli. In this review, I focus on B cell metabolism, especially regarding the production of intestinal IgA antibody. Accumulating evidence has implicated not only host-derived factors (e.g., cytokines) but also gut environmental factors, including the possible involvement of commensal bacteria and diet, in the control of B cell metabolism during intestinal IgA antibody production. These findings yield new insights into the regulation of immunosurveillance and homeostasis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Marks E, Ortiz C, Pantazi E, Bailey CS, Lord GM, Waldschmidt TJ, Noelle RJ, Elgueta R. Retinoic Acid Signaling in B Cells Is Required for the Generation of an Effective T-Independent Immune Response. Front Immunol 2016; 7:643. [PMID: 28066447 PMCID: PMC5179524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in the balance of inflammation and tolerance in T cells. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that RA facilitates IgA isotype switching in B cells in vivo. However, it is unclear whether RA has a direct effect on T-independent B cell responses in vivo. To address this question, we generated a mouse model where RA signaling is specifically silenced in the B cell lineage. This was achieved through the overexpression of a dominant negative receptor α for RA (dnRARα) in the B cell lineage. In this model, we found a dramatic reduction in marginal zone (MZ) B cells and accumulation of transitional 2 B cells in the spleen. We also observed a reduction in B1 B cells in the peritoneum with a defect in the T-independent B cell response against 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl. This was not a result of inhibited development of B cells in the bone marrow, but likely the result of both defective expression of S1P1 in MZ B cells and a defect in the development of MZ and B1 B cells. This suggests that RARα expression in B cells is important for B cell frequency in the MZ and peritoneum, which is crucial for the generation of T-independent humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Marks
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Carla Ortiz
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Charlotte S Bailey
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Thomas J Waldschmidt
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Dartmouth Medical School, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Raul Elgueta
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
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Hosseini H, Li Y, Kanellakis P, Tay C, Cao A, Liu E, Peter K, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)4 and MyD88 are Essential for Atheroprotection by Peritoneal B1a B Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002947. [PMID: 27930350 PMCID: PMC5210362 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified peritoneal B1a cells that secrete natural IgM as a key atheroprotective B cell subset. However, the molecules that activate atheroprotective B1a cells are unknown. Here, we investigated whether Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 expressed by B1a cells are required for IgM-mediated atheroprotection. METHODS AND RESULTS We adoptively transferred B1a cells from wild-type mice or from mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, or myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) into ApoE-/- mice depleted of peritoneal B1a cells by splenectomy and fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Elevations in plasma total, anti-oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), anti-leukocyte, anti-CD3, anti-CD8, and anti-CD4 IgMs in atherosclerotic mice required B1a cells expressing TLR4 and MyD88, indicating a critical role for TLR4-MyD88 signaling for IgM secretion. Suppression of atherosclerosis was also critically dependent on B1a cells expressing TLR4-MyD88. Atherosclerosis suppression was associated not only with reductions in lesion apoptotic cells, necrotic cores, and oxLDL, but also with reduced lesion CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression, including macrophages expressing TGF-β1, was increased, consistent with increased IgM-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Reductions in lesion inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, and IL-18 were consistent with augmented TGF-β1 expression. CONCLUSIONS TLR4-MyD88 expression on B1a cells is critical for their IgM-dependent atheroprotection that not only reduced lesion apoptotic cells and necrotic cores, but also decreased CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltrates and augmented TGF-β1 expression accompanied by reduced lesion inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hosseini
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yi Li
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Tay
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edgar Liu
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
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Elgueta R, Tse D, Deharvengt SJ, Luciano MR, Carriere C, Noelle RJ, Stan RV. Endothelial Plasmalemma Vesicle-Associated Protein Regulates the Homeostasis of Splenic Immature B Cells and B-1 B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3970-3981. [PMID: 27742829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (Plvap) is an endothelial protein with roles in endothelial diaphragm formation and maintenance of basal vascular permeability. At the same time, Plvap has roles in immunity by facilitating leukocyte diapedesis at inflammatory sites and controlling peripheral lymph node morphogenesis and the entry of soluble Ags into lymph node conduits. Based on its postulated role in diapedesis, we have investigated the role of Plvap in hematopoiesis and show that deletion of Plvap results in a dramatic decrease of IgM+IgDlo B cells in both the spleen and the peritoneal cavity. Tissue-specific deletion of Plvap demonstrates that the defect is B cell extrinsic, because B cell and pan-hematopoietic Plvap deletion has no effect on IgM+IgDlo B cell numbers. Endothelial-specific deletion of Plvap in the embryo or at adult stage recapitulates the full Plvap knockout phenotype, whereas endothelial-specific reconstitution of Plvap under the Chd5 promoter rescues the IgM+IgDlo B cell phenotype. Taken together, these results show that Plvap expression in endothelial cells is important in the maintenance of IgM+ B cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Elgueta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Tse
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Sophie J Deharvengt
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Marcus R Luciano
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Catherine Carriere
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; .,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; .,Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
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Kunisawa J, Kiyono H. Sphingolipids and Epoxidized Lipid Metabolites in the Control of Gut Immunosurveillance and Allergy. Front Nutr 2016; 3:3. [PMID: 26858949 PMCID: PMC4728802 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system ingeniously balances the distinct responses of elimination and tolerance of non-self-substances for the creation and maintenance of homeostatic environments. Accumulating evidence has recently shown that various lipids, including dietary one, are involved in the regulation of intestinal immunity and are associated with biophylaxis and immune disorders. Recent advances in the lipidomics allow the identification of novel pathways of lipid metabolism and lipid metabolites for the control of intestinal immunity. In this paper, we describe the effects and functions of lipids, especially sphingolipids and new lipid metabolites originated from dietary oil on the immunomodulation and on the development and pathogenesis of allergic diseases in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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30
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Methods for Testing Immunological Factors. DRUG DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions can be elicited by various factors: either immunologically induced, i.e., allergic reactions to natural or synthetic compounds mediated by IgE, or non-immunologically induced, i.e., activation of mediator release from cells through direct contact, without the induction of, or the mediation through immune responses. Mediators responsible for hypersensitivity reactions are released from mast cells. An important preformed mediator of allergic reactions found in these cells is histamine. Specific allergens or the calcium ionophore 48/80 induce release of histamine from mast cells. The histamine concentration can be determined with the o-phthalaldehyde reaction.
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31
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Kayama H, Takeda K. Regulation of intestinal inflammation through interaction of intestinal environmental factors and innate immune cells. Inflamm Regen 2015. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.35.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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32
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Suenaga F, Ueha S, Abe J, Kosugi-Kanaya M, Wang Y, Yokoyama A, Shono Y, Shand FHW, Morishita Y, Kunisawa J, Sato S, Kiyono H, Matsushima K. Loss of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells and High Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Humoral Immunodeficiency in Mouse Graft-versus-Host Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:398-406. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Kunisawa J, Hashimoto E, Inoue A, Nagasawa R, Suzuki Y, Ishikawa I, Shikata S, Arita M, Aoki J, Kiyono H. Regulation of Intestinal IgA Responses by Dietary Palmitic Acid and Its Metabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1666-71. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Role of Lactobacillus pentosus Strain b240 and the Toll-like receptor 2 axis in Peyer's patch dendritic cell-mediated immunoglobulin A enhancement. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91857. [PMID: 24632732 PMCID: PMC3954862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are well known to possess immune-modulating effects, but the mechanisms underlying their modulation of the gut immune system are not fully understood. Here, we examined the localization of heat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 (b240) in intestinal tissues and the effect of b240 on adaptive immune cascades in the gut. Histological analysis showed that b240 co-localized with dendritic cells (DCs) in the subepithelial dome region of Peyer's patches (PPs). In a PP cell culture system, b240 promoted the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-4, IL-5, B-cell activating factors, IFN-α, IFN-β, and transforming growth factor-β1. The enhanced IgA production by b240 was attenuated by neutralizing IL-6, a potent IgA-enhancing cytokine. b240 stimulated DCs to produce an elevated amount of IL-6 in a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, but not TLR4- or TLR9-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that TLR2-mediated IL-6 production from PP DCs in response to b240 activated B cells to produce a large amount of IgA in a DC-B cell co-culture system. Our findings open up the possibility that the heat-killed form of Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 can be used as a TLR2-mediated DC-activating biologic for enhancing IgA production in the intestine.
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35
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Lamichhane A, Kiyono H, Kunisawa J. Nutritional components regulate the gut immune system and its association with intestinal immune disease development. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 Suppl 4:18-24. [PMID: 24251698 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gut is equipped with a unique immune system for maintaining immunological homeostasis, and its functional immune disruption can result in the development of immune diseases such as food allergy and intestinal inflammation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that nutritional components play an important role in the regulation of gut immune responses and also in the development of intestinal immune diseases. In this review, we focus on the immunological functions of lipids, vitamins, and nucleotides in the regulation of the intestinal immune system and as potential targets for the control of intestinal immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayam Lamichhane
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
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Microbe-dependent CD11b+ IgA+ plasma cells mediate robust early-phase intestinal IgA responses in mice. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1772. [PMID: 23612313 PMCID: PMC3644083 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal plasma cells predominantly produce immunoglobulin (Ig) A, however, their functional diversity remains poorly characterized. Here we show that murine intestinal IgA plasma cells can be newly classified into two populations on the basis of CD11b expression, which cannot be discriminated by currently known criteria such as general plasma cell markers, B cell origin and T cell dependence. CD11b+ IgA+ plasma cells require the lymphoid structure of Peyer’s patches, produce more IgA than CD11b− IgA+ plasma cells, proliferate vigorously, and require microbial stimulation and IL-10 for their development and maintenance. These features allow CD11b+ IgA+ plasma cells to mediate early-phase antigen-specific intestinal IgA responses induced by oral immunization with protein antigen. These findings reveal the functional diversity of IgA+ plasma cells in the murine intestine. Intestinal plasma cells contribute to the delicate balance between immunity against pathogens and tolerance of intestinal microflora. Kunisawa et al. identify a subpopulation of plasma cells whose proliferation depends on stimulation by microbes and IL-10, and which mediate early-phase responses to oral antigens.
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Winer DA, Winer S, Chng MHY, Shen L, Engleman EG. B Lymphocytes in obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:1033-43. [PMID: 24127133 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance is a chronic inflammatory condition that often gives rise to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Much evidence supports a role for pro-inflammatory T cells and macrophages in promoting local inflammation in tissues such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) leading to insulin resistance. More recently, B cells have emerged as an additional critical player in orchestrating these processes. B cells infiltrate VAT and display functional and phenotypic changes in response to diet-induced obesity. B cells contribute to insulin resistance by presenting antigens to T cells, secreting inflammatory cytokines, and producing pathogenic antibodies. B cell manipulation represents a novel approach to the treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance and potentially to the prevention of T2D. This review summarizes the roles of B cells in governing VAT inflammation and the mechanisms by which these cells contribute to altered glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Winer
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Eaton Wing, 11E - 424A, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
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38
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Wade WF, King RG, Grandjean C, Wade TK, Justement LB. Murine marginal zone B cells play a role in Vibrio cholerae LPS antibody responses. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:153-7. [PMID: 23966359 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Vibrio cholerae (Vc) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a lead protective antigen for a cholera subunit vaccine has increased the interest in what type of B cell is best suited to generate anti-Vc LPS antibodies. A related question is what form of LPS is the most immunogenic. C57Bl/6 (B6) neonatal mice (10 days old) whose marginal zone (MZ) B cell compartment is still maturing and two lines of knockout mice that either lack the signaling mechanism required for the maturation of MZ B cells or that lack a receptor required for MZ B cell retention in the MZ were used to determine the role of MZ B cells in anti-Vc LPS antibody responses. Data support the conclusion that MZ B cells play a significant role in the anti-Vc LPS antibody response. Serum and vibriocidal antibody titers also depend on whether the Vc LPS is purified or bacterial cell-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Wade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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39
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Nijnik A, Clare S, Hale C, Chen J, Raisen C, Mottram L, Lucas M, Estabel J, Ryder E, Adissu H, Adams NC, Ramirez-Solis R, White JK, Steel KP, Dougan G, Hancock REW. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter Spns2 in immune system function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:102-11. [PMID: 22664872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is lipid messenger involved in the regulation of embryonic development, immune system functions, and many other physiological processes. However, the mechanisms of S1P transport across cellular membranes remain poorly understood, with several ATP-binding cassette family members and the spinster 2 (Spns2) member of the major facilitator superfamily known to mediate S1P transport in cell culture. Spns2 was also shown to control S1P activities in zebrafish in vivo and to play a critical role in zebrafish cardiovascular development. However, the in vivo roles of Spns2 in mammals and its involvement in the different S1P-dependent physiological processes have not been investigated. In this study, we characterized Spns2-null mouse line carrying the Spns2(tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi) allele (Spns2(tm1a)). The Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) animals were viable, indicating a divergence in Spns2 function from its zebrafish ortholog. However, the immunological phenotype of the Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) mice closely mimicked the phenotypes of partial S1P deficiency and impaired S1P-dependent lymphocyte trafficking, with a depletion of lymphocytes in circulation, an increase in mature single-positive T cells in the thymus, and a selective reduction in mature B cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Spns2 activity in the nonhematopoietic cells was critical for normal lymphocyte development and localization. Overall, Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) resulted in impaired humoral immune responses to immunization. This study thus demonstrated a physiological role for Spns2 in mammalian immune system functions but not in cardiovascular development. Other components of the S1P signaling network are investigated as drug targets for immunosuppressive therapy, but the selective action of Spns2 may present an advantage in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Nijnik
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
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Kunisawa J, Kurashima Y, Kiyono H. Gut-associated lymphoid tissues for the development of oral vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:523-30. [PMID: 21827802 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral vaccine has been considered to be a prospective vaccine against many pathogens especially invading across gastrointestinal tracts. One key element of oral vaccine is targeting efficient delivery of antigen to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the inductive site in the intestine where antigen-specific immune responses are initiated. Various chemical and biological antigen delivery systems have been developed and some are in clinical trials. In this review, we describe the immunological features of GALT and the current status of antigen delivery system candidates for successful oral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kunisawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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41
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Kunisawa J, Kiyono H. Immunological function of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the intestine. Nutrients 2012; 4:154-66. [PMID: 22666543 PMCID: PMC3347024 DOI: 10.3390/nu4030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that dietary materials are involved in immune regulation in the intestine. Lipids mediate immune regulation through a complex metabolic network that produces many kinds of lipid mediators. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that controls cell trafficking and activation. In this review, we focus on the immunological functions of S1P in the regulation of intestinal immune responses such as immunoglobulin A production and unique T cell trafficking, and its role in the development of intestinal immune diseases such as food allergies and intestinal inflammation, and also discuss the relationship between dietary materials and S1P metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kunisawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5449-5274 (J.K.); +81-3-5449-5270 (H.K.); Fax: +81-3-5449-5411
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5449-5274 (J.K.); +81-3-5449-5270 (H.K.); Fax: +81-3-5449-5411
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42
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Blaho VA, Hla T. Regulation of mammalian physiology, development, and disease by the sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6299-320. [PMID: 21939239 PMCID: PMC3216694 DOI: 10.1021/cr200273u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Blaho
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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43
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Universal expression and dual function of the atypical chemokine receptor D6 on innate-like B cells in mice. Blood 2011; 117:5413-24. [PMID: 21450903 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-317115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse innate-like B cells are a heterogeneous collection of multifunctional cells that control infection, play housekeeping roles, contribute to adaptive immunity, and suppress inflammation. We show that, among leukocytes, chemokine internalization by the D6 receptor is a unique and universal feature of all known innate-like B-cell populations and, to our knowledge, the most effective unifying marker of these cells. Moreover, we identify novel D6(active) B1-cell subsets, including those we term B1d, which lack CD5 and CD11b but exhibit typical B1-cell properties, including spontaneous ex vivo production of IgM, IL-10, and anti-phosphorylcholine antibody. The unprecedented opportunity to examine D6 on primary cells has allowed us to clarify its ligand specificity and show that, consistent with a scavenging role, D6 internalizes chemokines but cannot induce Ca(2+) fluxes or chemotaxis. Unexpectedly, however, D6 can also suppress the function of CXCR5, a critical chemokine receptor in innate-like B-cell biology. This is associated with a reduction in B1 cells and circulating class-switched anti-phosphorylcholine antibody in D6-deficient mice. Therefore, in the present study, we identify a unifying marker of innate-like B cells, describe novel B1-cell subsets, reveal a dual role for D6, and provide the first evidence of defects in resting D6-deficient mice.
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44
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Abstract
Sphingolipids are amphiphatic molecules ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cell membranes. Initially characterized as structural components of cell membranes, sphingolipids have emerged as sources of important signalling molecules over the past decade. Sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate), have been demonstrated to have roles as potent bioactive messengers involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. The importance of SphK (sphingosine kinase) and S1P in inflammation has been demonstrated extensively. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in many developed nations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of new agents for the treatment of asthma, especially for patients who respond poorly to conventional therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of SphK and S1P in the development of asthma by regulating pro-inflammatory responses. These novel pathways represent exciting potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of asthma and are described in the present review.
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45
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Suzuki K, Maruya M, Kawamoto S, Fagarasan S. Roles of B-1 and B-2 cells in innate and acquired IgA-mediated immunity. Immunol Rev 2010; 237:180-90. [PMID: 20727036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut harbors an extremely dense and complex community of microorganisms that are in constant dialog with our immune cells. The gut bacteria provide strong selective pressure to the host to evolve innate and adaptive immune responses required for the maintenance of local and systemic homeostasis. One of the most conspicuous responses of the gut immune system following microbial colonization is the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA). In this review, we discuss the roles of B-1 and B-2 cells in IgA-mediated immunity and present an updated view for the sites and mechanisms of IgA synthesis in the gut. We summarize the role of secretory IgAs for regulation of microbial communities and provide clues as to how the gut microbiota contributes to the development of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Suzuki
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
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46
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Lai WQ, Melendez AJ, Leung BP. Role of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate in inflammatory arthritis. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:321-6. [PMID: 21537466 PMCID: PMC3083938 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i11.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of sphingosine kinase (SphK) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in inflammation has been extensively demonstrated. As an intracellular second messenger, S1P plays an important role in calcium signaling and mobilization, and cell proliferation and survival. Activation of various plasma membrane receptors, such as the formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine receptor, C5a receptor, and tumor necrosis factor α receptor, leads to a rapid increase in intracellular S1P level via SphK stimulation. SphK and S1P are implicated in various chronic autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of SphK and S1P in the development of arthritis by regulating the pro-inflammatory responses. These novel pathways represent exciting potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Lai
- Wen-Qi Lai, Alirio J Melendez, Bernard P Leung, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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47
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Kaminski DA, Randall TD. Adaptive immunity and adipose tissue biology. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:384-90. [PMID: 20817556 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of immunity typically focus on understanding how hematopoietic cells interact within conventional secondary lymphoid tissues. However, immune reactions and their regulation occur in various environments within the body. Adipose tissue is one tissue that can influence and be influenced by adjacent and embedded lymphocytes. Despite the abundance and wide distribution of such tissue, and despite a growing obesity epidemic, studies of these interactions have been only marginally appreciated in the past. Here, we review advances in understanding of lymphoid structures within adipose tissue, the relationship between adipose tissue and adaptive immune function, and evidence for how this relationship contributes to obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Kaminski
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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48
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Noguchi K, Chun J. Roles for lysophospholipid S1P receptors in multiple sclerosis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 46:2-10. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2010.522975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Kunisawa J, Kiyono H. Aberrant interaction of the gut immune system with environmental factors in the development of food allergies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010; 10:215-21. [PMID: 20424996 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-010-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal immune system is a major component of the mucosal barrier, which maintains an immunologic homeostasis between the host and the harsh environment of the gut. This homeostasis is achieved by immunologic quiescence, and its dysregulation is thought to result from the development of immune diseases such as food allergies. Recent findings have revealed versatile pathways in the development of intestinal allergies to certain food antigens. In this review, we summarize the regulatory and quiescence mechanisms in the gut immune system and describe aberrant interactions between the host immune system and the gut environment in the development of food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kunisawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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50
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Hoek KL, Gordy LE, Collins PL, Parekh VV, Aune TM, Joyce S, Thomas JW, Van Kaer L, Sebzda E. Follicular B cell trafficking within the spleen actively restricts humoral immune responses. Immunity 2010; 33:254-65. [PMID: 20691614 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Follicular (FO) and marginal zone (MZ) B cells are maintained in distinct locations within the spleen, but the genetic basis for this separation is still enigmatic. We now report that B cell sequestration requires lineage-specific regulation of migratory receptors by the transcription factor Klf2. Moreover, using gene-targeted mice we show that altered splenic B cell migration confers a significant in vivo gain-of-function phenotype to FO B cells, including the ability to quickly respond to MZ-associated antigens and pathogens in a T cell-dependent manner. This work demonstrates that in wild-type animals, naive FO B cells are actively removed from the MZ, thus restricting their capacity to respond to blood-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Hoek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA
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