1
|
van Olst L, Kamermans A, Halters S, van der Pol SMA, Rodriguez E, Verberk IMW, Verberk SGS, Wessels DWR, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Verhoeff J, Wouters D, Van den Bossche J, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lemstra AW, Witte ME, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE, de Vries HE. Adaptive immune changes associate with clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38658964 PMCID: PMC11044380 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of peripheral immune cells in the disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We comprehensively mapped peripheral immune changes in AD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia compared to controls, using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF). RESULTS We found an adaptive immune signature in AD, and specifically highlight the accumulation of PD1+ CD57+ CD8+ T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA in the MCI stage of AD. In addition, several innate and adaptive immune cell subsets correlated to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD neuropathology and measures for cognitive decline. Intriguingly, subsets of memory T and B cells were negatively associated with CSF biomarkers for tau pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in AD patients. Lastly, we established the influence of the APOE ε4 allele on peripheral immunity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate significant peripheral immune alterations associated with both early and late clinical stages of AD, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into how these changes influence underlying brain pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn van Olst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Present address: The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sem Halters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle W R Wessels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine Wouters
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Witte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurovascular Disorders, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramachandran AK, Das S, Shenoy GG, Mudgal J, Joseph A. Relation between Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease and SARS-CoV-2 and their Treatment Strategy: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:9-20. [PMID: 36573058 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221226145141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, which primarily affects the pulmonary system, turned out to be a global pandemic, whereas the effects on other systems are still unknown. SARS-CoV-2, binds to angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the lungs, causing pneumonia-like symptoms. The same ACE receptors are also present in organs other than the lungs. Therefore, there is a need to study the impact of coronavirus on other human body organs. Recently, UK Biobank reports on the genetic risk factor of the virus attack. A double mutation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE4) allele has shown a significant role in COVID-19. The same APOE4 mutation has already been proven to hold a key role in developing early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Despite this data, Alzheimer's disease is believed to be a comorbidity of COVID-19. Previous virus attacks on the same viral family, Coronaviridae, produced neurological effects like neurodegeneration, neuronal inflammation, and other central nervous system-related dysfunctions. Since the long-term implications of COVID-19 are unknown, more research into the impact of the virus on the central nervous system is needed. Both COVID-19 and AD share a common genetic factor, so that AD patients may have a greater risk of SARS-CoV-2. Here, in this review, we have briefly discussed the role of APOE4 in the pathogenesis of AD and SARS-CoV-2, along with their treatment strategy, current scenario, and possible future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kunnath Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Subham Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Gurupur Gautham Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lathe R, Schultek NM, Balin BJ, Ehrlich GD, Auber LA, Perry G, Breitschwerdt EB, Corry DB, Doty RL, Rissman RA, Nara PL, Itzhaki R, Eimer WA, Tanzi RE. Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Research outline and call for collaboration. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5209-5231. [PMID: 37283269 PMCID: PMC10918877 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections of the brain can lead to dementia, and for many decades microbial infections have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, a causal role for infection in AD remains contentious, and the lack of standardized detection methodologies has led to inconsistent detection/identification of microbes in AD brains. There is a need for a consensus methodology; the Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative aims to perform comparative molecular analyses of microbes in post mortem brains versus cerebrospinal fluid, blood, olfactory neuroepithelium, oral/nasopharyngeal tissue, bronchoalveolar, urinary, and gut/stool samples. Diverse extraction methodologies, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing techniques, and bioinformatic tools will be evaluated, in addition to direct microbial culture and metabolomic techniques. The goal is to provide a roadmap for detecting infectious agents in patients with mild cognitive impairment or AD. Positive findings would then prompt tailoring of antimicrobial treatments that might attenuate or remit mounting clinical deficits in a subset of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Brian J. Balin
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Garth D. Ehrlich
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | | | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - David B. Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard L. Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Ruth Itzhaki
- Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William A. Eimer
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- McCance Cancer Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- McCance Cancer Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Intracell Research Group Consortium Collaborators
- David L. Hahn (Intracell Research Group, USA), Benedict C. Albensi (Nova Southeastern, USA), James St John (Griffith University, Australia), Jenny Ekberg (Griffith University, Australia), Mark L. Nelson (Intracell Research Group, USA), Gerald McLaughlin (National Institutes of Health, USA), Christine Hammond (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA), Judith Whittum-Hudson (Wayne State University, USA), Alan P. Hudson (Wayne State University, USA), Guillaume Sacco (Université Cote d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, CoBTek, France), Alexandra Konig (Université Cote d’Azur and CoBTek, France), Bruno Pietro Imbimbo (Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy), Nicklas Linz (Ki Elements Ltd, Saarbrücken, Germany), Nicole Danielle Bell (Author, 'What Lurks in the Woods'), Shima T. Moein (Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, USA), Jürgen G. Haas (Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bermea KC, Kostelecky N, Rousseau ST, Lin CY, Adamo L. The human myocardium harbors a population of naive B-cells with a distinctive gene expression signature conserved across species. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973211. [PMID: 36248879 PMCID: PMC9563334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac immunology studies in murine models have identified a sizeable population of myocardial B-cells and have shown that its modulation represents a promising strategy to develop novel therapies for heart failure. However, scarce data on B-cells in the human heart leaves unclear whether findings in rodents are relevant to human biology. Methods We performed immunohistochemical stains to characterize the amount and distribution of B-cells in human hearts, analyzing both fresh and post-mortem tissue. To gain insight into the biology of human myocardial B-cells we analyzed publicly-available spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing datasets of myocardial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We validated these findings on primary B-cells sorted from the heart and peripheral blood of left ventricular assistive device recipients. To identify biological pathways upregulated in myocardial B-cells across species, we compared differential gene expression in myocardial vs peripheral blood B-cells across the studied human datasets and published rodent datasets. Results In healthy human heart samples, we found B-cells at a ratio of 1:8 compared to T-cells (2.41 ± 0.45 vs 19.36 ± 4.43, p-value <0.001). Myocardial B-cells were more abundant in the interstitium compared with the intravascular space (p-value=0.011), and also more abundant in the myocardium vs. epicardium (p-value=0.048). Single-cell gene expression analysis showed that the human myocardium harbored mostly naive B-cells with a gene expression profile distinct from that of PBMC B-cells. Cross-comparison of differentially-expressed genes in myocardial vs. PBMC B-cells across human and rodent datasets identified 703 genes with consistent differential gene expression across species (binomial p-value=2.9e-48). KEGG pathway analysis highlighted "B-cell receptor signaling pathway," "Antigen processing and presentation," and "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" among the top pathways upregulated in cardiac B-cells (FDR <0.001) conserved between species. Conclusions Like the murine heart, the human heart harbors naive B-cells that are both intravascular and extravascular. Human myocardial B-cells are fewer and more evenly distributed between these two compartments than rodent myocardial B-cells. However, analysis of single-gene expression data indicates that the biological function of myocardial B-cells is conserved across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Bermea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicolas Kostelecky
- Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sylvie T. Rousseau
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park JC, Noh J, Jang S, Kim KH, Choi H, Lee D, Kim J, Chung J, Lee DY, Lee Y, Lee H, Yoo DK, Lee AC, Byun MS, Yi D, Han SH, Kwon S, Mook-Jung I. Association of B cell profile and receptor repertoire with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111391. [PMID: 36130492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. Reports have revealed that the peripheral immune system is linked to neuropathology; however, little is known about the contribution of B lymphocytes in AD. For this longitudinal study, 133 participants are included at baseline and second-year follow-up. Also, we analyze B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire data generated from a public dataset of three normal and 10 AD samples and perform BCR repertoire profiling and pairwise sharing analysis. As a result, longitudinal increase in B lymphocytes is associated with increased cerebral amyloid deposition and hyperactivates induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia with loss-of-function for beta-amyloid clearance. Patients with AD share similar class-switched BCR sequences with identical isotypes, despite the high somatic hypermutation rate. Thus, BCR repertoire profiling can lead to the development of individualized immune-based therapeutics and treatment. We provide evidence of both quantitative and qualitative changes in B lymphocytes during AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jinsung Noh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjin Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Kyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21+ Creative Research Engineer Development for IT, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Downey J, Lam JC, Li VO, Gozes I. Somatic Mutations and Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:475-493. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a global health challenge, with an estimated 55 million people suffering from the non-curable disease across the world. While amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain define AD proteinopathy, it has become evident that diverse coding and non-coding regions of the genome may significantly contribute to AD neurodegeneration. The diversity of factors associated with AD pathogenesis, coupled with age-associated damage, suggests that a series of triggering events may be required to initiate AD. Since somatic mutations accumulate with aging, and aging is a major risk factor for AD, there is a great potential for somatic mutational events to drive disease. Indeed, recent data from the Gozes team/laboratories as well as other leading laboratories correlated the accumulation of somatic brain mutations with the progression of tauopathy. In this review, we lay the current perspectives on the principal genetic factors associated with AD and the potential causes, highlighting the contribution of somatic mutations to the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer’s disease. The roles that artificial intelligence and big data can play in accelerating the progress of causal somatic mutation markers/biomarkers identification, and the associated drug discovery/repurposing, have been highlighted for future AD and other neurodegenerative studies, with the aim to bring hope for the vulnerable aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Downey
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacqueline C.K. Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor O.K. Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179892. [PMID: 36077289 PMCID: PMC9456500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A preponderance of evidence obtained from genetically modified mice and human population studies reveals the association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) deficiency and polymorphisms with pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity/diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. The human APOE gene is polymorphic with three major alleles, ε2, ε3 and ε4, encoding apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, respectively. The APOE gene is expressed in many cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, and in the brain. ApoE is present in subclasses of plasma lipoproteins, and it mediates the clearance of atherogenic lipoproteins from plasma circulation via its interaction with LDL receptor family proteins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Extracellular apoE also interacts with cell surface receptors and confers signaling events for cell regulation, while apoE expressed endogenously in various cell types regulates cell functions via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review article focuses on lipoprotein transport-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which apoE deficiency or polymorphisms contribute to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and neurological disorders.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ververs FA, Engelen SE, Nuboer R, Vastert B, van der Ent CK, Van't Land B, Garssen J, Monaco C, Boes M, Schipper HS. Immunometabolic factors in adolescent chronic disease are associated with Th1 skewing of invariant Natural Killer T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20082. [PMID: 34635725 PMCID: PMC8505552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells respond to the ligation of lipid antigen-CD1d complexes via their T-cell receptor and are implicated in various immunometabolic diseases. We considered that immunometabolic factors might affect iNKT cell function. To this end, we investigated iNKT cell phenotype and function in a cohort of adolescents with chronic disease and immunometabolic abnormalities. We analyzed peripheral blood iNKT cells of adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF, n = 24), corrected coarctation of the aorta (CoA, n = 25), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, n = 20), obesity (OB, n = 20), and corrected atrial septal defect (ASD, n = 25) as controls. To study transcriptional differences, we performed RNA sequencing on a subset of obese patients and controls. Finally, we performed standardized co-culture experiments using patient plasma, to investigate the effect of plasma factors on iNKT cell function. We found comparable iNKT cell numbers across patient groups, except for reduced iNKT cell numbers in JIA patients. Upon ex-vivo activation, we observed enhanced IFN-γ/IL-4 cytokine ratios in iNKT cells of obese adolescents versus controls. The Th1-skewed iNKT cell cytokine profile of obese adolescents was not explained by a distinct transcriptional profile of the iNKT cells. Co-culture experiments with patient plasma revealed that across all patient groups, obesity-associated plasma factors including LDL-cholesterol, leptin, and fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) coincided with higher IFN-γ production, whereas high HDL-cholesterol and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) coincided with higher IL-4 production. LDL and HDL supplementation in co-culture studies confirmed the effects of lipoproteins on iNKT cell cytokine production. These results suggest that circulating immunometabolic factors such as lipoproteins may be involved in Th1 skewing of the iNKT cell cytokine response in immunometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Ververs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roos Nuboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Center of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beta Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Igel E, Haller A, Wolfkiel PR, Orr-Asman M, Jaeschke A, Hui DY. Distinct pro-inflammatory properties of myeloid cell-derived apolipoprotein E2 and E4 in atherosclerosis promotion. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101106. [PMID: 34425108 PMCID: PMC8437825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene are risk factors for chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. The gene product apoE is synthesized in many cell types and has both lipid transport–dependent and lipid transport–independent functions. Previous studies have shown that apoE expression in myeloid cells protects against atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− mice. However, the mechanism of this protection is still unclear. Using human APOE gene replacement mice as models, this study showed that apoE2 and apoE4 expressed endogenously in myeloid cells enhanced the inflammatory response via mechanisms independent of plasma lipoprotein transport. The data revealed that apoE2-expressing myeloid cells contained higher intracellular cholesterol levels because of impaired efflux, causing increasing inflammasome activation and myelopoiesis. In contrast, intracellular cholesterol levels were not elevated in apoE4-expressing myeloid cells, and its proinflammatory property was found to be independent of inflammasome signaling and related to enhanced oxidative stress. When ApoE−/− mice were reconstituted with bone marrow from various human APOE gene replacement mice, effective reduction of atherosclerosis was observed with marrow cells obtained from APOE3 but not APOE2 and APOE4 gene replacement mice. Taken together, these results documented that apoE2 and apoE4 expression in myeloid cells promotes inflammation via distinct mechanisms and promotes atherosclerosis in a plasma lipoprotein transport–independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Igel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - April Haller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick R Wolfkiel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Orr-Asman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anja Jaeschke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Y Hui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Lin X, Zheng Z, Lu B, Wang J, Tan AHM, Zhao M, Loh JT, Ng SW, Chen Q, Xiao F, Huang E, Ko KH, Huang Z, Li J, Kok KH, Lu G, Liu X, Lam KP, Liu W, Zhang Y, Yuen KY, Mak TW, Lu L. Host-derived lipids orchestrate pulmonary γδ T cell response to provide early protection against influenza virus infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1914. [PMID: 33772013 PMCID: PMC7997921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is important for host defense by eliciting rapid anti-viral responses and bridging adaptive immunity. Here, we show that endogenous lipids released from virus-infected host cells activate lung γδ T cells to produce interleukin 17 A (IL-17A) for early protection against H1N1 influenza infection. During infection, the lung γδ T cell pool is constantly supplemented by thymic output, with recent emigrants infiltrating into the lung parenchyma and airway to acquire tissue-resident feature. Single-cell studies identify IL-17A-producing γδ T (Tγδ17) cells with a phenotype of TCRγδhiCD3hiAQP3hiCXCR6hi in both infected mice and patients with pneumonia. Mechanistically, host cell-released lipids during viral infection are presented by lung infiltrating CD1d+ B-1a cells to activate IL-17A production in γδ T cells via γδTCR-mediated IRF4-dependent transcription. Reduced IL-17A production in γδ T cells is detected in mice either lacking B-1a cells or with ablated CD1d in B cells. Our findings identify a local host-immune crosstalk and define important cellular and molecular mediators for early innate defense against lung viral infection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/immunology
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Lipids/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingtai Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Hee-Meng Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Tong Loh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Wai Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - King-Hung Ko
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanli Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu YC, Yam GHF, Lin MTY, Teo E, Koh SK, Deng L, Zhou L, Tong L, Mehta JS. Comparison of tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles changes between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). J Adv Res 2021; 29:67-81. [PMID: 33842006 PMCID: PMC8020296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tear proteomics and neuromediators are associated with clinical dry eye parameters following refractive surgery. Purpose To investigate and compare the tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods In this randomized controlled trial with paired-eye design, 70 patients were randomized to receive SMILE in one eye and LASIK in the other eye. Tear samples were collected preoperatively, and 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and were examined for protein concentration changes using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). The data were analyzed with DAVID Bioinformatics Resources for enriched gene ontology terms and over-represented pathways. Tear neuromediators levels were correlated with clinical parameters. Results Post-SMILE eyes had significantly better Oxford staining scores and tear break-up time (TBUT) than post-LASIK eyes at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Tear substance P and nerve growth factor levels were significantly higher in the LASIK group for 3 months and 1 year, respectively. SMILE and LASIK shared some similar biological responses postoperatively, but there was significant up-regulation in leukocyte migration and wound healing at 1 week, humoral immune response and apoptosis at 1 month, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity at 3 to 6 months, and extracellular structure organization at 1 year in the post-LASIK eyes. Tear mucin-like protein 1 and substance P levels were significantly correlated with TBUT (r = -0.47, r = -0.49, respectively). Conclusion Significant differences in the tear neuromediators and proteomics were observed between SMILE and LASIK, even though clinical dry eye signs have subsided and became comparable between 2 procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ericia Teo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Siew-Kwan Koh
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Surface Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Li XH, Zhou YT, Xiang L, Xiao M, Guo JS, Zhang JW, Chen G. The association study of Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Chinese population: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23442. [PMID: 33285739 PMCID: PMC7717833 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is involved in chronic inflammation which is the common characteristic of emphysema and cardiovascular disease. ApoE polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular disorders and atherosclerosis. There is no report about the association between ApoE polymorphism and COPD.A total of 480 COPD patients and 322 controls who were unrelated Chinese Han individuals were enrolled. Rs429358 and rs7412 were genotyped and the associations between ApoE polymorphisms and COPD risk were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Online software SHEsis were applied to perform linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypes analysis. The interactions of ApoE and environmental factor on COPD susceptibility was analyzed by software MDR3.0.2.No significant association was found between rs429358, rs7412 and COPD under different genetic models. Rs429358 and smoking formed the best model in the MDR analysis. The frequency of E2/E2 phenotype was the lowest in 2 groups. E3/E3 was the most common phenotype, accounting for 69.8% of COPD patients and 68.9% of controls. No statistically difference was identified between the cases and controls under different phenotypes.This was the first genetic association study between ApoE and COPD. No positive association was found in the Chinese Han population. Rs429358 and smoking status existed significant interaction, indicating that both of ApoE and smoking may be involved in the development of COPD disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Xiao-hui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu-tian Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jian-shu Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing-wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Fan J, Zhou J, Garstka MA, Li Z. Hepatoprotective effect of apolipoprotein A4 against carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury through mediating hepatic antioxidant and inflammation response in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:659-665. [PMID: 33239168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A4 (ApoA4) regulates lipid and glucose metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in atherogenesis and colitis. The present study explored the presumed protective role of ApoA4 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. The ALI model in wild type (WT), ApoA4 knock-out (ApoA4-KO) and ApoA4 transgenic (ApoA4-TG) mice was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of CCl4. Liver and blood were harvested from mice to assess liver functions, immunohistological changes, immune cell populations and cytokine profiles. ApoA4 deficiency aggravated, and ApoA4 overexpression alleviated CCl4-inflicted liver damage by controlling levels of anti-oxidant enzymes. ApoA4 deletion increased the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages into the injured liver and upregulated the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1, but lower IL-10 and IFN-γ. ApoA4 over-expression rescued this effect and resulted in lower percentages of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, the ratio of blood pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory monocytes and reduced plasma concentrations of IL-6, but enhanced IL-10 and IFN-γ. We propose ApoA4 as a potential new therapeutic target for the management of liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingna Fan
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinting Zhou
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Models Contribution to the Understanding of Sarcoidosis Pathogenesis: "Are There Good Models of Sarcoidosis?". J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082445. [PMID: 32751786 PMCID: PMC7464295 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous, and noninfectious disease of unknown etiology. The clinical heterogeneity of the disease (targeted tissue(s), course of the disease, and therapy response) supports the idea that a multiplicity of trigger antigens may be involved. The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is not yet completely understood, although in recent years, considerable efforts were put to develop novel experimental research models of sarcoidosis. In particular, sarcoidosis patient cells were used within in vitro 3D models to study their characteristics compared to control patients. Likewise, a series of transgenic mouse models were developed to highlight the role of particular signaling pathways in granuloma formation and persistence. The purpose of this review is to put in perspective the contributions of the most recent models in the understanding of sarcoidosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kubátová H, Poledne R, Piťha J. Immune cells in carotid artery plaques: what can we learn from endarterectomy specimens? INT ANGIOL 2019; 39:37-49. [PMID: 31782285 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.19.04250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endarterectomy specimens represent a unique opportunity to study atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the recent knowledge of atherogenesis from studies characterizing a cellular composition of carotid endarterectomy specimens. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A non-systematic literature review was carried out to summarize recent knowledge regarding ex vivo analysis of carotid artery plaque composition. Upon evaluation of their relevance, and elaborate forward and backward search, 95 articles were included in the review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Despite the significant advancement of in vivo imaging techniques, the stroke prediction based on carotid artery plaque morphology is not reliable. Besides analyses of plaque morphology, present studies focus on precise characterization of the different immune cell types and elucidation of their role in plaque development. Plaque content analyses revealed the presence of various immune cells in carotid artery plaques. Presence of different immune cells subpopulations can be connected to some undesirable changes in plaque stability. CONCLUSIONS Since the destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque is a multifactorial process, a combination of various methods should be used to characterize the unstable plaques more accurately. In this context, studies characterizing plaque content from a cellular point of view could elucidate some processes underlying the plaque progression. Together with morphological evaluation, these analyses could enable more precise assessment of plaque stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kubátová
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Experimental Medicine Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic - .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic -
| | - Rudolf Poledne
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Experimental Medicine Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Piťha
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Experimental Medicine Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shirshev SV. Mechanisms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome Induction: Role of NKT Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:992-1007. [PMID: 31693459 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the mechanisms of participation of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) in the induction of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) that play a major pathogenetic role in the formation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), summarizes the data on APS pathogenesis, and presents modern concepts on the antibody formation involving follicular helper type II NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Shirshev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614081, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuot A, Ronci M, Mills R, Klebe S, Snibson G, Wiffen S, Loh R, Corbett M, Zhou T, Chataway T, Burdon KP, Craig JE, Urbani A, Sharma S. Reduced expression of apolipoprotein E and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 proteins in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 47:1028-1042. [PMID: 31206232 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive and potentially a sight threatening disease, and a common indication for corneal grafting in the elderly. Aberrant thickening of Descemet's membrane, formation of microscopic excrescences (guttae) and gradual loss of corneal endothelial cells are the hallmarks of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify differentially abundant proteins between FECD-affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane. METHODS Label-free quantitative proteomics using nanoscale ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nUPLC-MSE ) was employed on affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane extracts, and interesting findings were further investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics revealed significantly lower abundance of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 protein (IGHG1) in affected Descemet's membrane. The difference in the distribution of APOE between affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane and of IGHG1 detected by immunohistochemistry support their down-regulation in the disease. Comparative gene expression analysis showed significantly lower APOE mRNA levels in FECD-affected than unaffected corneal endothelium. IGHG1 gene is expressed at extremely low levels in the corneal endothelium, precluding relative expression analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report comparative proteomics of Descemet's membrane tissue, and implicates dysregulation of APOE and IGHG1 proteins in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Kuot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of G. d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Richard Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grant Snibson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Wiffen
- The Lions Eye Bank of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raymond Loh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Corbett
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim Chataway
- Department of Human Physiology, Proteomics Laboratory, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liehn EA, Ponomariov V, Diaconu R, Streata I, Ioana M, Crespo-Avilan GE, Hernández-Reséndiz S, Cabrera-Fuentes HA. Apolipoprotein E in Cardiovascular Diseases: Novel Aspects of an Old-fashioned Enigma. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:522-529. [PMID: 30213474 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of different APOE isoforms represents a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Besides the pleiotropic effects of APOE polymorphism on heart and neurological diseases, this review summarizes the less-known functions of APOE and the possible implications for cardiovascular disorders. Beyond the role as lipid transporting protein, its involvement in lipid membrane homeostasis and signaling, as well as its nuclear transcriptional effects suggests a more complex role of APOE, receiving great interest from researchers and physicians from all medical fields. Due to the presence of different APOE isoforms in human population, understanding APOE's role in pathological processes represents not only a challenge, but a demand for further development of therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor Ponomariov
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Rodica Diaconu
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Streata
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sauri Hernández-Reséndiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation; Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ververs FA, Kalkhoven E, Van't Land B, Boes M, Schipper HS. Immunometabolic Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1192. [PMID: 29892305 PMCID: PMC5985373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are lipid-reactive T cells with profound immunomodulatory potential. They are unique in their restriction to lipid antigens presented in CD1d molecules, which underlies their role in lipid-driven disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the contribution of iNKT cell activation to immunometabolic disease, metabolic programming of lipid antigen presentation, and immunometabolic activation of iNKT cells. First, we outline the role of iNKT cells in immunometabolic disease. Second, we discuss the effects of cellular metabolism on lipid antigen processing and presentation to iNKT cells. The synthesis and processing of glycolipids and other potential endogenous lipid antigens depends on metabolic demand and may steer iNKT cells toward adopting a Th1 or Th2 signature. Third, external signals such as toll-like receptor ligands, adipokines, and cytokines modulate antigen presentation and subsequent iNKT cell responses. Finally, we will discuss the relevance of metabolic programming of iNKT cells in human disease, focusing on their role in disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. The critical response to metabolic changes places iNKT cells at the helm of immunometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Ververs
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
van Puijvelde GH, Kuiper J. NKT cells in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
21
|
Yao X, Gordon EM, Figueroa DM, Barochia AV, Levine SJ. Emerging Roles of Apolipoprotein E and Apolipoprotein A-I in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Lung Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:159-69. [PMID: 27073971 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0060tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging roles are being recognized increasingly for apolipoproteins in the pathogenesis and treatment of lung diseases on the basis of their ability to suppress inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling, and to promote adaptive immunity and host defense. Apolipoproteins, such as apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), are important components of lipoprotein particles that facilitate the transport of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids between plasma and cells. ApoE-containing lipoprotein particles are internalized into cells by low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), whereas apoA-I can interact with the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) transporter to efflux cholesterol and phospholipids out of cells. ApoE and apoA-I also mediate receptor-independent effects, such as binding to and neutralizing LPS. Both apoE and apoA-I are expressed by lung cells, which allows apoE/LDLR- and apoA-I/ABCA1-dependent pathways to modulate normal lung health and the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, including asthma, acute lung injury, cancer, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Data from human studies and research using experimental murine model systems have shown that both apoE and apoA-I pathways play primarily protective roles in lung biology and respiratory disease. Furthermore, apolipoprotein mimetic peptides, corresponding to the LDLR-binding domain of apoE or the class A amphipathic α-helical structure of apoA-I, have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects that attenuate the severity of lung disease in murine models. Thus, the development of inhaled apolipoprotein mimetic peptides as a novel treatment paradigm could represent a significant advance for patients with respiratory disease who do not respond to current therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Gordon
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debbie M Figueroa
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amisha V Barochia
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stewart J Levine
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stax AM, Tuengel J, Girardi E, Kitano N, Allan LL, Liu V, Zheng D, Panenka WJ, Guillaume J, Wong CH, van Calenbergh S, Zajonc DM, van den Elzen P. Autoreactivity to Sulfatide by Human Invariant NKT Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:97-106. [PMID: 28526683 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that recognize lipid Ags presented by CD1d. The prototypical Ag, α-galactosylceramide, strongly activates human and mouse iNKT cells, leading to the assumption that iNKT cell physiology in human and mouse is similar. In this article, we report the surprising finding that human, but not mouse, iNKT cells directly recognize myelin-derived sulfatide presented by CD1d. We propose that sulfatide is recognized only by human iNKT cells because of the unique positioning of the 3-O-sulfated β-galactose headgroup. Surface plasmon resonance shows that the affinity of human CD1d-sulfatide for the iNKT cell receptor is relatively low compared with CD1d-α-galactosylceramide (KD of 19-26 μM versus 1 μM). Apolipoprotein E isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid carries sulfatide that can be captured by APCs and presented by CD1d to iNKT cells. APCs from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, who accumulate sulfatides due to a deficiency in arylsulfatase-A, directly activate iNKT cells. Thus, we have identified sulfatide as a self-lipid recognized by human iNKT cells and propose that sulfatide recognition by innate T cells may be an important pathologic feature of neuroinflammatory disease and that sulfatide in APCs may contribute to the endogenous pathway of iNKT cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelein M Stax
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jessica Tuengel
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Naoki Kitano
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Lenka L Allan
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Victor Liu
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Dongjun Zheng
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Joren Guillaume
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; and
| | - Serge van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter van den Elzen
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pan Q, Gong L, Xiao H, Feng Y, Li L, Deng Z, Ye L, Zheng J, Dickerson CA, Ye L, An N, Yang C, Liu HF. Basophil Activation-Dependent Autoantibody and Interleukin-17 Production Exacerbate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:348. [PMID: 28396669 PMCID: PMC5366357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autoantibody and inflammatory cytokines play crucial roles in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the regulation of their production warrants further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the role of basophil activation in the development of SLE based on studies in patients with SLE and spontaneous lupus-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Methods The phenotypes of peripheral basophils and the production of autoantibody and interleukin (IL)-17 in patients with SLE were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and also their correlations were investigated by statistical analysis. Thereafter, the effect of basophils on autoantibody production by B cells and Th17 differentiation in SLE were evaluated in vitro. Finally, the effect of basophil depletion on the development of autoimmune disorders in spontaneous lupus-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice was examined. Results The decreased numbers and an increased activation of peripheral basophils were found to be correlated with increased autoantibody production and disease activity in patients with SLE. Correspondingly, in vitro coculture studies showed that basophils obtained from patients with SLE promoted autoantibody production by SLE B cells and promoted Th17 differentiation from SLE naïve CD4+ T cells. The decrease of peripheral basophils in patients with SLE might be due to their migration to lymph nodes post their activation mediated by (autoreactive) IgE as supported by their increased CD62L and CCR7 expressions and accumulation in the lymph nodes of MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Furthermore, an increased activation of peripheral basophils was identified in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Importantly, basophil-depleted MRL-lpr/lpr mice exhibited an extended life span, improved renal function, and lower serum levels of autoantibodies and IL-17, while basophil-adoptive-transferred mice exhibited the opposite results. Conclusion These finding suggest that basophil activation-dependent autoantibody and IL-17 production may constitute a critical pathogenic mechanism in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA , USA
| | - Yongmin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Zhenzhen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Ling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Carol A Dickerson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA , USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Echeverri Tirado LC, Yassin LM. B cells interactions in lipid immune responses: implications in atherosclerotic disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:30. [PMID: 28166809 PMCID: PMC5295187 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered as an inflammatory and chronic disorder with an important immunologic component, which underlies the majority of cardiovascular diseases; condition that belongs to a group of noncommunicable diseases that to date and despite of prevention and treatment approaches, they remain as the main cause of death worldwide, with 17.5 million of deaths every year. The impact of lipids in human health and disease is taking center stage in research, due to lipotoxicity explained by elevated concentration of circulating lipids, in addition to altered adipose tissue metabolism, and aberrant intracellular signaling. Immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated systems and the proper function of each one is dependent on the other. B lymphocytes express a variety of receptors that can recognize foreign, endogenous or modified self-antigens, among them oxidized low density lipoproteins, which are the main antigens in atherosclerosis. Mechanisms of B cells to recognize, remove and present lipids are not completely clear. However, it has been reported that B cell can recognize/remove lipids through a range of receptors, such as LDLR, CD1d, FcR and SR, which might have an atheroprotector or proatherogenic role during the course of atherosclerotic disease. Pertinent literature related to these receptors was examined to inform the present conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina M Yassin
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Calle 10 A Nro. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Saez de Guinoa J, Jimeno R, Farhadi N, Jervis PJ, Cox LR, Besra GS, Barral P. CD1d-mediated activation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells drives IL-22 production. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:39-47. [PMID: 27799287 PMCID: PMC5210076 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous family of immune cells that play a critical role in a variety of immune processes including host defence against infection, wound healing and tissue repair. Whether these cells are involved in lipid-dependent immunity remains unexplored. Here we show that murine ILCs from a variety of tissues express the lipid-presenting molecule CD1d, with group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) showing the highest level of expression. Within the ILC3 family, natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor (NCR)-CCR6+ cells displayed the highest levels of CD1d. Expression of CD1d on ILCs is functionally relevant as ILC3s can acquire lipids in vitro and in vivo and load lipids on CD1d to mediate presentation to the T-cell receptor of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Conversely, engagement of CD1d in vitro and administration of lipid antigen in vivo induce ILC3 activation and production of IL-22. Taken together, our data expose a previously unappreciated role for ILCs in CD1d-mediated immunity, which can modulate tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Jimeno
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nazanin Farhadi
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Jervis
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liam R Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Burshtyn DN, Morcos C. The Expanding Spectrum of Ligands for Leukocyte Ig-like Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:947-55. [PMID: 26802060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The human leukocyte Ig-like receptor family is part of the paired receptor system. The receptors are widely expressed by various immune cells, and new functions continue to emerge. Understanding the range of functions of the receptors is of general interest because several types of pathogens exploit the receptors and genetic diversity of the receptors has been linked to various autoimmune diseases. Class I major histocompatibility molecules were the first ligands appreciated for these receptors, but the types of ligands identified over the last several years are quite diverse, including intact pathogens, immune-modulatory proteins, and molecules normally found within the CNS. This review focuses on the types of ligands described to date, how the individual receptors bind to several distinct types of ligands, and the known functional consequences of those interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah N Burshtyn
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chris Morcos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schneiders FL, Huijts CM, Mantici A, Menks MAC, Scotet E, Veerhuis R, Verheul HMW, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. Aminobisphosphonates inhibit dendritic cell-mediated antigen-specific activation of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells. Clin Immunol 2015; 158:92-9. [PMID: 25796193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an important immunoregulatory T cell subset that can be activated by the synthetic glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and initiate antitumor immune responses. As cancer patients are frequently treated with aminobisphosphonates (NBP), it is relevant to determine possible effects of NBP on CD1d-restricted glycolipid Ag-presentation to iNKT cells. We report a striking reduction of α-GalCer-induced iNKT cell activation by monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDC) upon their exposure to NBP during maturation. We found that production of apolipoprotein E (apoE), which is a known facilitator of trans-membrane transport of exogenously derived glycolipids, was significantly diminished in moDC exposed to NBP. As the inhibitory effect of NBP on iNKT cell activation was alleviated by exogenous apoE, our data indicate that reduced apoE production by antigen presenting cells (APC) through NBP limits glycolipid-induced iNKT cell activation. This should be taken into account in the design of iNKT cell-based anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Famke L Schneiders
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte M Huijts
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aslihan Mantici
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mica A C Menks
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Rob Veerhuis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rizvi ZA, Puri N, Saxena RK. Lipid antigen presentation through CD1d pathway in mouse lung epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells and its suppression by poly-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:1275-82. [PMID: 25448806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Effect of poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) was examined on lipid antigen presentation through CD1d pathway on three cell lines, LA4, MHS, and JAWSII used as prototype antigen presenting cells (APCs). CD1d molecule was expressed on 80-90% MHS (prototype macrophages) and JAWSII (prototype dendritic cells) cells whereas <5% LA4 cells (lung epithelial cells, non-classical APCs) expressed CD1d. Treatment with AF-SWCNTs but not with pristine SWCNTs resulted in a significant decline in the level of CD1d mRNA as well as mRNA levels of some other intracellular proteins involved in lipid antigen presentation pathway (MTP, ApoE, prosaposin, SR-BI and LDLr). Lipid antigen presentation was assessed by first incubating the cells with a prototype lipid antigen (α-Glactosylceramide or αGC) and then staining with L363 monoclonal antibody that detects αGC bound to CD1d molecule. While 100% MHS and JAWSII cells presented αGC, only 20% LA4 cells presented the CD1d antigen. Treatment with AF-SWCNTs resulted in a 30-40% decrease in αGC antigen presentation in all three cell lines. These results show that AF-SWCNT treatment down regulated the lipid antigen presentation pathway in all three cell lines and significantly lowered the ability of these cell lines to present αGC antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Puri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv K Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Aberrant presentation of self-lipids by autoimmune B cells depletes peripheral iNKT cells. Cell Rep 2014; 9:24-31. [PMID: 25263549 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells provide cognate help via CD1d to lipid antigen-presenting B cells for antibody production, but whether B cells reciprocally regulate iNKT cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we found peripheral, but not thymic, iNKT cells to be numerically reduced in autoimmune mice lacking Fas specifically in B cells. The residual iNKT cells were antigenically overstimulated, had altered cytokine production, and manifested enhanced proliferation and apoptosis. B cell-specific ablation of CD1d ameliorated these iNKT defects, suggesting that inappropriate presentation of CD1d-restricted self-lipids by autoimmune B cell-depleted peripheral iNKT cells. CD1d(+) autoimmune B cells have reduced α-galactosidase A expression and, as revealed by lipidomic profiling, altered lipidome with aberrant accumulation of certain self-lipids and reduction of others. These findings unveil a critical link between autoimmunity, B cell lipidome, and the maintenance of peripheral iNKT cells and highlight an essential homeostatic function of B cells beyond antibody production.
Collapse
|
32
|
Covarrubias R, Wilhelm AJ, Major AS. Specific deletion of LDL receptor-related protein on macrophages has skewed in vivo effects on cytokine production by invariant natural killer T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102236. [PMID: 25050824 PMCID: PMC4106787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of molecules involved in lipid homeostasis such as the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) on antigen presenting cells (APCs) has been shown to enhance invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell function. However, the contribution to iNKT cell activation by other lipoprotein receptors with shared structural and ligand binding properties to the LDLr has not been described. In this study, we investigated whether a structurally related receptor to the LDLr, known as LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), plays a role in iNKT cell activation. We found that, unlike the LDLr which is highly expressed on all immune cells, the LRP was preferentially expressed at high levels on F4/80+ macrophages (MΦ). We also show that CD169+ MΦs, known to present antigen to iNKT cells, exhibited increased expression of LRP compared to CD169- MΦs. To test the contribution of MΦ LRP to iNKT cell activation we used a mouse model of MΦ LRP conditional knockout (LRP-cKO). LRP-cKO MΦs pulsed with glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (αGC) elicited normal IL-2 secretion by iNKT hybridoma and in vivo challenge of LRP-cKO mice led to normal IFN-γ, but blunted IL-4 response in both serum and intracellular expression by iNKT cells. Flow cytometric analyses show similar levels of MHC class-I like molecule CD1d on LRP-cKO MΦs and normal glycolipid uptake. Survey of the iNKT cell compartment in LRP-cKO mice revealed intact numbers and percentages and no homeostatic disruption as evidenced by the absence of programmed death-1 and Ly-49 surface receptors. Mixed bone marrow chimeras showed that the inability iNKT cells to make IL-4 is cell extrinsic and can be rescued in the presence of wild type APCs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that, although MΦ LRP may not be necessary for IFN-γ responses, it can contribute to iNKT cell activation by enhancing early IL-4 secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Covarrubias
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ashley J. Wilhelm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Amy S. Major
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen B, Moore TV, Li Z, Sperling AI, Zhang C, Andrade J, Rodriguez A, Bahroos N, Huang Y, Morrisey EE, Gruber PJ, Solway J. Gata5 deficiency causes airway constrictor hyperresponsiveness in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:787-95. [PMID: 24199649 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0294oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gata5 is a transcription factor expressed in the lung, but its physiological role is unknown. To test whether and how Gata5 regulates airway constrictor responsiveness, we studied Gata5(-/-), Gata5(+/-), and wild-type mice on the C57BL/6J background. Cholinergic airway constrictor responsiveness was assessed invasively in mice without and with induction of allergic airway inflammation through ovalbumin sensitization and aerosol exposure. Gata5-deficient mice displayed native airway constrictor hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the absence of allergen-induced inflammation. Gata5-deficient mice retained their relatively greater constrictor responsiveness even in ovalbumin-induced experimental asthma. Gata5 deficiency did not alter the distribution of cell types in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but bronchial epithelial mucus metaplasia was more prominent in Gata5(-/-) mice after allergen challenge. Gene expression profiles revealed that apolipoprotein E (apoE) was the fifth most down-regulated transcript in Gata5-deficient lungs, and quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining confirmed reduced apoE expression in Gata5(-/-) mice. Quantitative RT-PCR also revealed increased IL-13 mRNA in the lungs of Gata5-deficient mice. These findings for the first time show that Gata5 regulates apoE and IL-13 expression in vivo and that its deletion causes AHR. Gata5-deficient mice exhibit an airway phenotype that closely resembles that previously reported for apoE(-/-) mice: both exhibit cholinergic AHR in native and experimental asthma states, and there is excessive goblet cell metaplasia after allergen sensitization and challenge. The Gata5-deficient phenotype also shares features that were previously reported for IL-13-treated mice. Together, these results indicate that Gata5 deficiency induces AHR, at least in part, by blunting apoE and increasing IL-13 expression.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dellabona P, Abrignani S, Casorati G. iNKT-cell help to B cells: a cooperative job between innate and adaptive immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2230-7. [PMID: 24782127 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell help to B lymphocytes is one of the most important events in adaptive immune responses in health and disease. It is generally delivered by cognate CD4(+) T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells via both cell-to-cell contacts and soluble mediators, and it is essential for both the clonal expansion of antibody (Ab)-secreting B cells and memory B-cell formation. CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of innate-like T lymphocytes that rapidly respond to stimulation with specific lipid antigens (Ags) that are derived from infectious pathogens or stressed host cells. Activated iNKT cells produce a wide range of cytokines and upregulate costimulatory molecules that can promote activation of dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells. A decade ago, we discovered that iNKT cells can help B cells to proliferate and to produce IgG Abs in vitro and in vivo. This adjuvant-like function of Ag-activated iNKT cells provides a flexible set of helper mechanisms that expand the current paradigm of T-cell-B-cell interaction and highlights the potential of iNKT-cell targeting vaccine formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, investigators have shown that T lymphocytes can recognize not only peptides in the context of MHC class I and class II molecules but also foreign and self-lipids in association with the nonclassical MHC class I-like molecules, CD1 proteins. In this review, we describe the most recent events in the field, with particular emphasis on (a) structural and functional aspects of lipid presentation by CD1 molecules, (b) the development of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and transcription factors required for their differentiation, (c) the ability of iNKT cells to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through their cross talk with lymphoid and myeloid cells, and (d) MR1-restricted and group I (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c)-restricted T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
While antidepressant therapy is an essential treatment of major depression, a substantial group of treated patients do not respond to therapy, or suffer from severe side effects. Moreover, the time of onset of the clinical improvement is often delayed. Antidepressants as currently available usually enhance serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and may contribute to the inadequate remission rates for major depression. Therefore biomarkers enabling the identification of subgroups of patients and also finding unprecedented targets would provide the basis for personalized medication and thus improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. Several pharmacogenetic studies on antidepressant treatment response using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) mapping have been performed but provided only modest findings. Therefore the analysis of gene expression to integrate genomic activity and environmental effects promises a new approach to cope with the complexity of factors influencing antidepressant treatment. Here gene expression studies focusing on candidate genes and genome-wide approaches using RNA derived from peripheral blood cells are reviewed. The most promising findings exist for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation and neuroplasticity related genes. However, straightforward translation into tailored treatment is still unlikely. Contradictory results limit the clinical use of the findings. Future studies are necessary, which could include functional analysis and consider gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Menke
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wolf AB, Valla J, Bu G, Kim J, LaDu MJ, Reiman EM, Caselli RJ. Apolipoprotein E as a β-amyloid-independent factor in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2013; 5:38. [PMID: 23998393 PMCID: PMC3979087 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
APOE, which encodes apolipoprotein E, is the most prevalent and best established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Current understanding of Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology posits an important role for apolipoprotein E in the disease cascade via its interplay with β-amyloid. However, evidence is also emerging for roles of apolipoprotein E in the disease process that are independent of β-amyloid. Particular areas of interest are lipid metabolism, tau pathology, neuroenergetics, neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, the neurovasculature, and neuroinflammation. The intent of this article is to review the literature in each of these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Wolf
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Avenue, AO1 Room 2601, Mail Stop B176, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jon Valla
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue,, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA ; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois, 1853 W Polk St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ USA ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Banner Good Samaritan PET Center, 901 E Willetta St, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N Fifth St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of AZ, 435 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Richard J Caselli
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ USA ; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Individuals with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease lack invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and are exquisitely susceptible to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To determine whether iNKT cells recognize or regulate EBV, resting B cells were infected with EBV in the presence or absence of iNKT cells. The depletion of iNKT cells increased both viral titers and the frequency of EBV-infected B cells. However, EBV-infected B cells rapidly lost expression of the iNKT cell receptor ligand CD1d, abrogating iNKT cell recognition. To determine whether induced CD1d expression could restore iNKT recognition in EBV-infected cells, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were treated with AM580, a synthetic retinoic acid receptor-α agonist that upregulates CD1d expression via the nuclear protein, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1). AM580 significantly reduced LEF-1 association at the CD1d promoter region, induced CD1d expression on LCL, and restored iNKT recognition of LCL. CD1d-expressing LCL elicited interferon γ secretion and cytotoxicity by iNKT cells even in the absence of exogenous antigen, suggesting an endogenous iNKT antigen is expressed during EBV infection. These data indicate that iNKT cells may be important for early, innate control of B cell infection by EBV and that downregulation of CD1d may allow EBV to circumvent iNKT cell-mediated immune recognition.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in several countries. The underlying process is atherosclerosis, a slowly progressing chronic disorder that can lead to intravascular thrombosis. There is overwhelming evidence for the underlying importance of our immune system in atherosclerosis. Monocytes, which comprise part of the innate immune system, can be recruited to inflamed endothelium and this recruitment has been shown to be proportional to the extent of atherosclerotic disease. Monocytes undergo migration into the vasculature, they differentiate into macrophage phenotypes, which are highly phagocytic and can scavenge modified lipids, leading to foam cell formation and development of the lipid-rich atheroma core. This increased influx leads to a highly inflammatory environment and along with other immune cells can increase the risk in the development of the unstable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype. The present review provides an overview and description of the immunological aspect of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in atherosclerosis, by defining their interaction with the vascular environment, modified lipids and other cellular exchanges. There is a particular focus on monocytes and macrophages, but shorter descriptions of dendritic cells, lymphocyte populations, neutrophils, mast cells and platelets are also included.
Collapse
|
40
|
Karunakaran D, Kockx M, Owen DM, Burnett JR, Jessup W, Kritharides L. Protein kinase C controls vesicular transport and secretion of apolipoprotein E from primary human macrophages. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5186-97. [PMID: 23288845 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.428961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-specific apolipoprotein E (apoE) secretion plays an important protective role in atherosclerosis. However, the precise signaling mechanisms regulating apoE secretion from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) remain unclear. Here we investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in regulating basal and stimulated apoE secretion from HMDMs. Treatment of HMDMs with structurally distinct pan-PKC inhibitors (calphostin C, Ro-31-8220, Go6976) and a PKC inhibitory peptide all significantly decreased apoE secretion without significantly affecting apoE mRNA or apoE protein levels. The PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated apoE secretion, and both PMA-induced and apoAI-induced apoE secretion were inhibited by PKC inhibitors. PKC regulation of apoE secretion was found to be independent of the ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA1. Live cell imaging demonstrated that PKC inhibitors inhibited vesicular transport of apoE to the plasma membrane. Pharmacological or peptide inhibitor and knockdown studies indicate that classical isoforms PKCα/β and not PKCδ, -ε, -θ, or -ι/ζ isoforms regulate apoE secretion from HMDMs. The activity of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) correlated with modulation of PKC activity in these cells, and direct peptide inhibition of MARCKS inhibited apoE secretion, implicating MARCKS as a downstream effector of PKC in apoE secretion. Comparison with other secreted proteins indicated that PKC similarly regulated secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and chitinase-3-like-1 protein but differentially affected the secretion of other proteins. In conclusion, PKC regulates the secretion of apoE from primary human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denuja Karunakaran
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
CD1d and natural killer T cells in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 783:199-223. [PMID: 23468111 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of peptide antigen-specific T cells in controlling mycobacterial infections is well documented in natural resistance and vaccine-induced immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, many other populations of leukocytes contribute to innate and adaptive immunity against mycobacteria. Among these, non-conventional T cells recognizing lipid antigens presented by the CD1 antigen presentation system have attracted particular interest. In this chapter, we review the basic immunobiology and potential antimycobacterial properties of a subset of CD1-restricted T cells that have come to be known as Natural Killer T cells. This group of lipid reactive T cells is notable for its high level of conservation between humans and mice, thus enabling a wide range of highly informative studies in mouse models. As reviewed below, NKT cells appear to have subtle but potentially significant activities in the host response to mycobacteria. Importantly, they also provide a framework for investigations into other types of lipid antigen-specific T cells that may be more abundant in larger mammals such as humans.
Collapse
|
42
|
Garraud O, Borhis G, Badr G, Degrelle S, Pozzetto B, Cognasse F, Richard Y. Revisiting the B-cell compartment in mouse and humans: more than one B-cell subset exists in the marginal zone and beyond. BMC Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23194300 PMCID: PMC3526508 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological roles of B-cells are being revealed as increasingly complex by functions that are largely beyond their commitment to differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies, the key molecular protagonists of innate immunity, and also by their compartmentalisation, a more recently acknowledged property of this immune cell category. For decades, B-cells have been recognised by their expression of an immunoglobulin that serves the function of an antigen receptor, which mediates intracellular signalling assisted by companion molecules. As such, B-cells were considered simple in their functioning compared to the other major type of immune cell, the T-lymphocytes, which comprise conventional T-lymphocyte subsets with seminal roles in homeostasis and pathology, and non-conventional T-lymphocyte subsets for which increasing knowledge is accumulating. Since the discovery that the B-cell family included two distinct categories — the non-conventional, or extrafollicular, B1 cells, that have mainly been characterised in the mouse; and the conventional, or lymph node type, B2 cells — plus the detailed description of the main B-cell regulator, FcγRIIb, and the function of CD40+ antigen presenting cells as committed/memory B-cells, progress in B-cell physiology has been slower than in other areas of immunology. Cellular and molecular tools have enabled the revival of innate immunity by allowing almost all aspects of cellular immunology to be re-visited. As such, B-cells were found to express “Pathogen Recognition Receptors” such as TLRs, and use them in concert with B-cell signalling during innate and adaptive immunity. An era of B-cell phenotypic and functional analysis thus began that encompassed the study of B-cell microanatomy principally in the lymph nodes, spleen and mucosae. The novel discovery of the differential localisation of B-cells with distinct phenotypes and functions revealed the compartmentalisation of B-cells. This review thus aims to describe novel findings regarding the B-cell compartments found in the mouse as a model organism, and in human physiology and pathology. It must be emphasised that some differences are noticeable between the mouse and human systems, thus increasing the complexity of B-cell compartmentalisation. Special attention will be given to the (lymph node and spleen) marginal zones, which represent major crossroads for B-cell types and functions and a challenge for understanding better the role of B-cell specificities in innate and adaptive immunology.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cholesterol accumulation inhibits ER to Golgi transport and protein secretion: studies of apolipoprotein E and VSVGt. Biochem J 2012; 447:51-60. [PMID: 22747346 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol excess is typical of various diseases including atherosclerosis. We have investigated whether cholesterol accumulation in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) can inhibit exit of vesicular cargo and secretion of proteins by studying apoE (apolipoprotein E), a significant glycoprotein in human health and disease. CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells expressing human apoE under a cholesterol-independent promoter incubated with cholesterol-cyclodextrin complexes showed increased levels of cellular free and esterified cholesterol, inhibition of SREBP-2 (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 2) processing, and a mild induction of ER stress, indicating significant accumulation of cholesterol in the ER. Secretion of apoE was markedly inhibited by cholesterol accumulation, and similar effects were observed in cells enriched with lipoprotein-derived cholesterol and in primary human macrophages. Removal of excess cholesterol by a cyclodextrin vehicle restored apoE secretion, indicating that the transport defect was reversible. That cholesterol impaired protein trafficking was supported by the cellular accumulation of less sialylated apoE glycoforms, and by direct visualization of altered ER to Golgi transport of thermo-reversible VSVG (vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein) linked to GFP (green fluorescent protein). We conclude that intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in the ER reversibly inhibits protein transport and secretion. Strategies to correct ER cholesterol may restore homoeostatic processes and intracellular protein transport in conditions characterized by cholesterol excess.
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lawrie
- Neuroimmunology Unit; Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal; QC; Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yao X, Vitek MP, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. Apolipoprotein mimetic peptides: a new approach for the treatment of asthma. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:37. [PMID: 22408624 PMCID: PMC3297834 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatments are needed for severe asthmatics to improve disease control and avoid severe toxicities associated with oral corticosteroids. We have used a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma to identify steroid-unresponsive genes that might represent targets for new therapeutic approaches for severe asthma. This strategy identified apolipoprotein E as a steroid-unresponsive gene with increased mRNA expression in the lungs of HDM-challenged mice. Furthermore, apolipoprotein E functioned as an endogenous negative regulator of airway hyperreactivity and goblet cell hyperplasia in experimental HDM-induced asthma. The ability of apolipoprotein E, which is expressed by lung macrophages, to attenuate AHR, and goblet cell hyperplasia is mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors expressed by airway epithelial cells. Consistent with this, administration of an apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide, corresponding to amino acids 130–149 of the LDL receptor-binding domain of the holo-apoE protein, significantly reduced AHR and goblet cell hyperplasia in HDM-challenged apoE−/− mice. These findings identified the apolipoprotein E – LDL receptor pathway as a new druggable target for asthma that can be activated by administration of apoE-mimetic peptides. Similarly, apolipoprotein A-I may have therapeutic potential in asthma based upon its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic properties. Furthermore, administration of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides has attenuated airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and airway hyperreactivity in murine models of experimental asthma. Thus, site-directed delivery of inhaled apolipoprotein E or apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides may represent novel treatment approaches that can be developed for asthma, including severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
De Libero G, Mori L. Novel insights into lipid antigen presentation. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:103-11. [PMID: 22342205 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
T cells recognizing lipid antigens are present in large numbers in circulating blood. They exert multiple functions including immunoregulation, tumour surveillance and protection during infection. Here, we review the latest information on the mechanisms of lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules. Recent studies have provided insight into CD1 trafficking within the cell, lipid distribution and handling, CD1 maturation, lipid antigen processing and loading. The structural resolution of all human CD1 molecules has revealed unique features that correlate with function. Molecular mechanisms regulating CD1 expression and multiple evasion mechanisms evolved by viral and bacterial pathogens have been disclosed. With rapid progression, these studies have decoded lipid-specific immunity and have revealed the important immunological role of this type of antigen recognition.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yao X, Dai C, Fredriksson K, Lam J, Gao M, Keeran KJ, Nugent GZ, Qu X, Yu ZX, Jeffries N, Lin J, Kaler M, Shamburek R, Costello R, Csako G, Dahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. Human apolipoprotein E genotypes differentially modify house dust mite-induced airway disease in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 302:L206-15. [PMID: 22058162 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00110.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an endogenous negative regulator of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and mucous cell metaplasia in experimental models of house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway disease. The gene encoding human apoE is polymorphic, with three common alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4) reflecting single amino acid substitutions at amino acids 112 and 158. The objective of this study was to assess whether the human apoE alleles modify airway responses to repeated nasal HDM challenges. Mice expressing the human apoE ε2 (huApoE2), ε3 (huApoE3), or ε4 (huApoE4) alleles received nasal HDM challenges, and airway responses were compared with mice expressing the endogenous murine apoE gene (muApoE). huApoE3 mice displayed significant reductions in AHR, mucous cell metaplasia, and airway inflammation compared with muApoE mice. The attenuated severity of airway inflammation in huApoE3 mice was associated with reductions in lung mRNA levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokines, as well as chemokines (CCL7, CCL11, CCL24). huApoE4 mice had an intermediate phenotype, with attenuated AHR and IgE production, compared with muApoE mice, whereas airway inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia were not reduced. In contrast, HDM-induced airway responses were not modified in mice expressing the huApoE2 allele. We conclude that the polymorphic huApoE alleles differentially modulate HDM-induced airway disease, which can be stratified, in rank order of increasing disease severity, ε3 < ε4 < ε2. These results raise the possibility that the polymorphic apoE alleles may modify disease severity in human asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 6D03, MSC 1590, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Joyce S, Girardi E, Zajonc DM. NKT cell ligand recognition logic: molecular basis for a synaptic duet and transmission of inflammatory effectors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1081-9. [PMID: 21772035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NKT cells that express the semi-invariant TCR are innate-like lymphocytes whose functions are regulated by self and foreign glycolipid ligands presented by the Ag-presenting, MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. Activation of NKT cells in vivo results in rapid release of copious amounts of effector cytokines and chemokines with which they regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens, certain types of cancers, and self-antigens. The nature of CD1d-restricted ligands, the manner in which they are recognized, and the unique effector functions of NKT cells suggest an immunoregulatory role for this T cell subset. Their ability to respond fast and our ability to steer NKT cell cytokine response to altered lipid ligands make them an important target for vaccine design and immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of CD1d-restricted ligand recognition by NKT cells and how these innate-like lymphocytes regulate inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kyaw T, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A. Current understanding of the role of B cell subsets and intimal and adventitial B cells in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:373-9. [PMID: 21881498 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32834adaf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation, in addition to high cholesterol is a major factor contributing to atherosclerosis-associated adverse cardiovascular events. Thus, there is a pressing need for additional therapeutic strategies to reduce inflammation, by targeting immune cells and cytokines. Here we review B cell subsets and adventitial and intimal B cells in atherosclerosis development and discuss potential B cell-targeted anti-inflammatory therapies for atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS B cell subsets can have opposing proatherogenic and atheroprotective roles in atherosclerosis. CD-20-targeted B cell depletion has been shown to decrease murine atherosclerotic lesions. The accumulation of intimal and adventitial B cells associated with atherosclerotic lesions is consistent with their participation in local inflammatory responses. As B2 B cells are proatherogenic, blocking its survival factor B cell activating factor may selectively delete this proatherogenic subset. SUMMARY Both intimal and adventitial B cells appear important in atherosclerosis. B2 B cells are proatherogenic and other subsets such as regulatory B cells are antiatherogenic. Future B cell-targeted therapy for atherosclerosis should be customized to selectively deplete damaging B2 B cells while sparing or expanding protective B cell subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Getz GS, Vanderlaan PA, Reardon CA. Natural killer T cells in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106:814-9. [PMID: 21946866 DOI: 10.1160/th11-05-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system participate in the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of medium and large arteries. Natural killer T (NKT) cells express surface markers characteristic of natural killer cells and conventional T cells and bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. The development and activation of NKT cells is dependent upon CD1d, a MHC-class I-type molecule that presents lipids, especially glycolipids to the T cell receptors on NKT cells. There are two classes of NKT cells; invariant NKT cells that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor and variant NKT cells. This review summarises studies in murine models in which the effect of the activation, overexpression or deletion of NKT cells or only invariant NKT cells on atherosclerosis has been examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Getz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|