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Ngo C, Garrec C, Tomasello E, Dalod M. The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in immunity during viral infections and beyond. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01167-5. [PMID: 38777879 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are essential for antiviral immunity and act through two different but complimentary pathways. First, IFNs activate intracellular antimicrobial programs by triggering the upregulation of a broad repertoire of viral restriction factors. Second, IFNs activate innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of IFN production can lead to severe immune system dysfunction. It is thus crucial to identify and characterize the cellular sources of IFNs, their effects, and their regulation to promote their beneficial effects and limit their detrimental effects, which can depend on the nature of the infected or diseased tissues, as we will discuss. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can produce large amounts of all IFN subtypes during viral infection. pDCs are resistant to infection by many different viruses, thus inhibiting the immune evasion mechanisms of viruses that target IFN production or their downstream responses. Therefore, pDCs are considered essential for the control of viral infections and the establishment of protective immunity. A thorough bibliographical survey showed that, in most viral infections, despite being major IFN producers, pDCs are actually dispensable for host resistance, which is achieved by multiple IFN sources depending on the tissue. Moreover, primary innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses are only transiently affected in the absence of pDCs. More surprisingly, pDCs and their IFNs can be detrimental in some viral infections or autoimmune diseases. This makes the conservation of pDCs during vertebrate evolution an enigma and thus raises outstanding questions about their role not only in viral infections but also in other diseases and under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Ngo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Garrec
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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2
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Stary G. Ferdinand von Hebra-Preis der ÖGDV 2022 für Georg Stary - die Haut als Modellorgan für translationale Forschung. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:483-484. [PMID: 38450991 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15370_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
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3
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Cham LB, Gunst JD, Schleimann MH, Frattari GS, Rosas-Umbert M, Vibholm LK, van der Sluis RM, Jakobsen MR, Olesen R, Lin L, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS. Single cell analysis reveals a subset of cytotoxic-like plasmacytoid dendritic cells in people with HIV-1. iScience 2023; 26:107628. [PMID: 37664600 PMCID: PMC10470411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in initiating and activating host immune responses during infection. To understand how the transcriptome of pDCs is impacted by HIV-1 infection and exogenous stimulation, we isolated pDCs from healthy controls, people with HIV-1 (PWH) before and during toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist treatment and performed single-cell (sc)-RNA sequencing. Our cluster analysis revealed four pDC clusters: pDC1, pDC2, cytotoxic-like pDC and an exhausted pDC cluster. The inducible cytotoxic-like pDC cluster is characterized by high expression of both antiviral and cytotoxic genes. Further analyses confirmed that cytotoxic-like pDCs are distinct from NK and T cells. Cell-cell communication analysis also demonstrated that cytotoxic-like pDCs exhibit similar incoming and outgoing cellular communicating signals as other pDCs. Thus, our study presents a detailed transcriptomic atlas of pDCs and provides new perspectives on the mechanisms of regulation and function of cytotoxic-like pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamin B. Cham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper D. Gunst
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mariane H. Schleimann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Giacomo S. Frattari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Miriam Rosas-Umbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line K. Vibholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole S. Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Höfle J, Trenkner T, Kleist N, Schwane V, Vollmers S, Barcelona B, Niehrs A, Fittje P, Huynh‐Tran VH, Sauter J, Schmidt AH, Peine S, Hoelzemer A, Richert L, Altfeld M, Körner C. Engagement of TRAIL triggers degranulation and IFNγ production in human natural killer cells. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54133. [PMID: 35758160 PMCID: PMC9346491 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells utilize a large array of receptors to screen their surroundings for aberrant or virus‐infected cells. Given the vast diversity of receptors expressed on NK cells we seek to identify receptors involved in the recognition of HIV‐1‐infected cells. By combining an unbiased large‐scale screening approach with a functional assay, we identify TRAIL to be associated with NK cell degranulation against HIV‐1‐infected target cells. Further investigating the underlying mechanisms, we demonstrate that TRAIL is able to elicit multiple effector functions in human NK cells independent of receptor‐mediated induction of apoptosis. Direct engagement of TRAIL not only results in degranulation but also IFNγ production. Moreover, TRAIL‐mediated NK cell activation is not limited to its cognate death receptors but also decoy receptor I, adding a new perspective to the perceived regulatory role of decoy receptors in TRAIL‐mediated cytotoxicity. Based on these findings, we propose that TRAIL not only contributes to the anti‐HIV‐1 activity of NK cells but also possesses a multifunctional role beyond receptor‐mediated induction of apoptosis, acting as a regulator for the induction of different effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pia Fittje
- Leibniz Institute of Virology Hamburg Germany
| | - Van Hung Huynh‐Tran
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | | | | | - Sven Peine
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Angelique Hoelzemer
- Leibniz Institute of Virology Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg‐Lübeck‐Borstel‐Riems Hamburg Germany
- First Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Leibniz Institute of Virology Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Immunology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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5
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Saluzzo S, Pandey RV, Gail LM, Dingelmaier-Hovorka R, Kleissl L, Shaw L, Reininger B, Atzmüller D, Strobl J, Touzeau-Römer V, Beer A, Staud C, Rieger A, Farlik M, Weninger W, Stingl G, Stary G. Delayed antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals leads to irreversible depletion of skin- and mucosa-resident memory T cells. Immunity 2021; 54:2842-2858.e5. [PMID: 34813775 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk for developing skin and mucosal malignancies despite systemic reconstitution of CD4+ T cells upon antiretroviral therapy (ART). The underlying mechanism of chronic tissue-related immunodeficiency in HIV is unclear. We found that skin CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells were depleted after HIV infection and replenished only upon early ART initiation. TCR clonal analysis following early ART suggested a systemic origin for reconstituting CD4+ Trm cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing in PLWH that received late ART treatment revealed a loss of CXCR3+ Trm cells and a tolerogenic skin immune environment. Human papilloma virus-induced precancerous lesion biopsies showed reduced CXCR3+ Trm cell frequencies in the mucosa in PLWH versus HIV- individuals. These results reveal an irreversible loss of CXCR3+ Trm cells confined to skin and mucosa in PLWH who received late ART treatment, which may be a precipitating factor in the development of HPV-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Saluzzo
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Laura Marie Gail
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; LBI-RUD - Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Kleissl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; LBI-RUD - Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lisa Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bärbel Reininger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Denise Atzmüller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; LBI-RUD - Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Beer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Clement Staud
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Armin Rieger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Georg Stingl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; LBI-RUD - Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna 1090, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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6
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The importance of advanced cytometry in defining new immune cell types and functions relevant for the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. AIDS 2020; 34:2169-2185. [PMID: 32910071 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
: In the last years, novel, exciting immunological findings of interest for HIV research and treatment were identified thanks to different cytometric approaches. The analysis of the phenotypes and functionality of cells belonging to the immune system could clarify their role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, and to elaborate key concepts, relevant in the treatment of this disease. Important discoveries have been made concerning cells that are important for protective immunity like lymphocytes that display polyfunctionality, resident memory T cells, innate lymphoid cells, to mention a few. The complex phenotype of myeloid-derived suppressor cells has been investigated, and relevant changes have been reported during chronic and primary HIV infection, in correlation with changes in CD4 T-cell number, T-cell activation, and with advanced disease stage. The search for markers of HIV persistence present in latently infected cells, namely those molecules that are important for a functional or sterilizing cure, evidenced the role of follicular helper T cells, and opened a discussion on the meaning and use of different surface molecules not only in identifying such cells, but also in designing new strategies. Finally, advanced technologies based upon the simultaneous detection of HIV-RNA and proteins at the single cell level, as well as those based upon spectral cytometry or mass cytometry are now finding new actors and depicting a new scenario in the immunopathogenesis of the infection, that will allow to better design innovative therapies based upon novel drugs and vaccines.
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Zaigham S, Dencker M, Karlsson MK, Thorsson O, Wollmer P. Lung function is associated with tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels in school-aged children. Respir Med 2020; 176:106235. [PMID: 33249302 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine with inflammatory and apoptotic properties. A complex relationship exists between TRAIL and the lung where both elevated TRAIL and TRAIL deficiency are associated with lung impairment. In neonatal mice, TRAIL is thought to translate respiratory infections into chronic lung disease but the association between TRAIL and lung function in childhood has not been assessed. AIM To assess the cross-sectional relationship between TRAIL levels and lung function in school-aged children. METHODS The study cohort consisted of 170 school-aged children attending four schools in Malmö, Sweden. Lung volumes, impulse oscillometry (IOS) and serum TRAIL were measured for all children. Linear regression was used to assess changes in lung function per 1-SD increase in TRAIL. General linear models were used to assess mean lung function by tertiles (T) of TRAIL. RESULTS Mean age was 9.9 years (±0.6). A 1-SD increase in TRAIL was associated with lower values of FEV1 and FEV1/VC (change in FEV1 (L) and FEV1/VC ratio: -0.047, p-value 0.002, and -0.011, p-value 0.020, respectively) and higher values of lung resistance (change in R5 and R20 (kPa/(L/s)): 0.035, p-value <0.001 and 0.027, p-value 0.004, respectively). These associations remained significant after excluding children with pre-existing lung disease. Higher TRAIL levels were associated with more negative values for X5 in general linear models (Mean X5 (kPa/(L/s)) in T1 (low TRAIL): -0.193 vs T3 (high TRAIL): -0.216, p-value 0.026). CONCLUSIONS High TRAIL levels are significantly associated with markers of pulmonary airflow obstruction in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneela Zaigham
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Dencker
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ola Thorsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden.
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8
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Cardoso Alves L, Corazza N, Micheau O, Krebs P. The multifaceted role of TRAIL signaling in cancer and immunity. FEBS J 2020; 288:5530-5554. [PMID: 33215853 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can lead to the induction of apoptosis in tumor or infected cells. However, activation of TRAIL signaling may also trigger nonapoptotic pathways in cancer and in nontransformed cells, that is, immune cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on noncanonical TRAIL signaling. The biological outcomes of TRAIL signaling in immune and malignant cells are presented and explained, with a focus on the role of TRAIL for natural killer (NK) cell function. Furthermore, we highlight the technical difficulties in dissecting the precise molecular mechanisms involved in the switch between apoptotic and nonapoptotic TRAIL signaling. Finally, we discuss the consequences thereof for a therapeutic manipulation of TRAIL in cancer and possible approaches to bypass these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
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9
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Sutummaporn K, Suzuki K, Machida N, Mizutani T, Park ES, Morikawa S, Furuya T. Increased proportion of apoptotic cells in cat kidney tissues infected with feline morbillivirus. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2647-2651. [PMID: 32844234 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to study potential pathogenic mechanisms of feline morbillivirus (FeMV) in infected kidney cells, we performed a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with an anti-FeMV P protein antibody on a total of 38 cat kidney tissues, 12 of which were positive for FeMV. Among these samples, we detected significantly larger numbers of apoptotic cells in FeMV-positive tissues than in FeMV-negative tissues, and in these tissues, a substantial percentage of TUNEL-positive (TUNEL+) cells contained the FeMV P protein (mean, 37.4; range, 17.4-82.9), suggesting that induction of apoptosis may be an important mechanism for pathological changes associated with FeMV infection in cat kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripitch Sutummaporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 731170, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Noboru Machida
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Cheng L, Yu H, Wrobel JA, Li G, Liu P, Hu Z, Xu XN, Su L. Identification of pathogenic TRAIL-expressing innate immune cells during HIV-1 infection in humanized mice by scRNA-Seq. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135344. [PMID: 32406872 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of CD4+ T cells during HIV-1 infection is mostly mediated by inflammatory cells via indirect but not clearly defined mechanisms. In this report, we used single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) technology to study HIV-induced transcriptomic change in innate immune cells in lymphoid organs. We performed scRNA-Seq on hCD45+hCD3-hCD19- human leukocytes isolated from spleens of humanized NOD/Rag2-/-γc-/- (NRG) mice transplanted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (NRG-hu HSC mice). We identified major populations of innate immune cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), macrophages, NK cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). HIV-1 infection significantly upregulated genes involved in type I IFN inflammatory pathways in each of the innate immune subsets. Interestingly, we found that TRAIL was upregulated in the innate immune populations, including pDCs, mDCs, macrophages, NK cells, and ILCs. We further demonstrated that blockade of the TRAIL signaling pathway in NRG-hu HSC mice prevented HIV-1-induced CD4+ T cell depletion in vivo. In summary, we characterized HIV-induced transcriptomic changes of innate immune cells in the spleen at single-cell levels, identified the TRAIL+ innate immune cells, and defined an important role of the TRAIL signaling pathway in HIV-1-induced CD4+ T cell depletion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine of Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Peng Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Xiao-Ning Xu
- Department of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lishan Su
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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11
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van der Sluis RM, Egedal JH, Jakobsen MR. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as Cell-Based Therapeutics: A Novel Immunotherapy to Treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:249. [PMID: 32528903 PMCID: PMC7264089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. Since their discovery in the late 1970's, DCs have been recognized as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). DCs have a superior capacity for acquiring, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells and they express costimulatory or coinhibitory molecules that determine immune activation or anergy. For these reasons, cell-based therapeutic approaches using DCs have been explored in cancer and infectious diseases but with limited success. In humans, DCs are divided into heterogeneous subsets with distinct characteristics. Two major subsets are CD11c+ myeloid (m)DCs and CD11c− plasmacytoid (p)DCs. pDCs are different from mDCs and play an essential role in the innate immune system via the production of type I interferons (IFN). However, pDCs are also able to take-up antigens and effectively cross present them. Given the rarity of pDCs in blood and technical difficulties in obtaining them from human blood samples, the understanding of human pDC biology and their potential in immunotherapeutic approaches (e.g. cell-based vaccines) is limited. However, due to the recent advancements in cell culturing systems that allow for the generation of functional pDCs from CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), studying pDCs has become easier. In this mini-review, we hypothesize about the use of pDCs as a cell-based therapy to treat HIV by enhancing anti-HIV-immune responses of the adaptive immune system and enhancing the anti-viral responses of the innate immune system. Additionally, we discuss obstacles to overcome before this approach becomes clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M van der Sluis
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Sag D, Ayyildiz ZO, Gunalp S, Wingender G. The Role of TRAIL/DRs in the Modulation of Immune Cells and Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101469. [PMID: 31574961 PMCID: PMC6826877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand) by immune cells can lead to the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. However, it becomes increasingly clear that the interaction of TRAIL and its death receptors (DRs) can also directly impact immune cells and influence immune responses. Here, we review what is known about the role of TRAIL/DRs in immune cells and immune responses in general and in the tumor microenvironment in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Ozge Ayyildiz
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Gunalp
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
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Balan S, Saxena M, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cell subsets and locations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:1-68. [PMID: 31810551 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique class of immune cells that act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. The discovery of DCs by Cohen and Steinman in 1973 laid the foundation for DC biology, and the advances in the field identified different versions of DCs with unique properties and functions. DCs originate from hematopoietic stem cells, and their differentiation is modulated by Flt3L. They are professional antigen-presenting cells that patrol the environmental interphase, sites of infection, or infiltrate pathological tissues looking for antigens that can be used to activate effector cells. DCs are critical for the initiation of the cellular and humoral immune response and protection from infectious diseases or tumors. DCs can take up antigens using specialized surface receptors such as endocytosis receptors, phagocytosis receptors, and C type lectin receptors. Moreover, DCs are equipped with an array of extracellular and intracellular pattern recognition receptors for sensing different danger signals. Upon sensing the danger signals, DCs get activated, upregulate costimulatory molecules, produce various cytokines and chemokines, take up antigen and process it and migrate to lymph nodes where they present antigens to both CD8 and CD4 T cells. DCs are classified into different subsets based on an integrated approach considering their surface phenotype, expression of unique and conserved molecules, ontogeny, and functions. They can be broadly classified as conventional DCs consisting of two subsets (DC1 and DC2), plasmacytoid DCs, inflammatory DCs, and Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Balan
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Mansi Saxena
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Resiquimod-Mediated Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Amplified in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112811. [PMID: 31181776 PMCID: PMC6600519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown but there are several evidences that associate the genetic basis of the disease with environmental causes. An important association between viral infection and development of MS is clearly demonstrated. Viruses have a strong impact on innate immune cells. In particular, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), are able to respond to viruses and to activate the adaptive immune response. Methods: In this study we mimic viral infection using synthetic single-strand RNA, Resiquimod, and we compared the response of both DC subsets derived from healthy donors and MS patients by characterizing the expression of costimulatory molecules on the DC surface. Results: We found that pDCs from MS patients express higher levels of OX40-L, HLA-DR, and CD86 than healthy donors. Moreover, we found that blood cells from MS patients and healthy donors upon Resiquimod-stimulation are enriched in a subpopulation of pDCs, characterized by a high amount of costimulatory molecules. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that activation of pDCs is enhanced in MS, likely due to a latent viral infection, and that costimulatory molecules expressed on pDCs could mediate a protective response against the viral trigger of autoimmunity.
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Chang WW, Liang W, Yao XM, Zhang L, Zhu LJ, Yan C, Jin YL, Yao YS. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2019; 19:1470320318785744. [PMID: 29999450 PMCID: PMC6047249 DOI: 10.1177/1470320318785744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression profile of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: A total of 126 Chinese subjects were enrolled in this study, including 42 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), 42 patients with DN and 42 healthy controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze levels of TRAIL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Serum levels of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and various cytokines were detected with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of TRAIL mRNA in PBMCs and sTRAIL in sera were both significantly decreased in the DM and DN patients (P < 0.05). Conversely, levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were higher in the DN group than in the control group. Serum levels of TRAIL positively correlated with TRAIL mRNA levels in all of the subjects examined (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results provide support and a theoretical basis for further research of TRAIL in regard to the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Chang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Wei Liang
- 2 Department of Hospital Infection Management, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, China
| | - Xin-Ming Yao
- 3 Department of Endocrine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- 4 Department of Hospital Infection Management Office, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Chen Yan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Yue-Long Jin
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Ying-Shui Yao
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
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Characterization of the Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Response to Transmitted/Founder and Nontransmitted Variants of HIV-1. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00157-18. [PMID: 29997203 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00157-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection often arises from a single transmitted/founder (TF) viral variant among a large pool of viruses in the quasispecies in the transmitting partner. TF variants are typically nondominant in blood and genital secretions, indicating that they have unique traits. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) is the primary alpha interferon (IFN-α)-producing cell in response to viral infections and is rapidly recruited to the female genital tract upon exposure to HIV-1. The impact of pDCs on transmission is unknown. We investigated whether evasion of pDC responses is a trait of TF viruses. pDCs from healthy donors were stimulated in vitro with a panel of 20 HIV-1 variants, consisting of one TF variant and three nontransmitted (NT) variants each from five transmission-linked donor pairs, and secretion of IFN-α and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences in cytokine secretion in response to TF and NT viruses were observed, despite a trend toward enhanced IFN-α and TNF-α production in response to TF viruses. NT viruses demonstrated polarization toward production of either IFN-α or TNF-α, indicating possible dysregulation. Also, for NT viruses, IFN-α secretion was associated with increased resistance of the virus to inactivation by IFN-α in vitro, suggesting in vivo evolution. Thus, TF viruses do not appear to preferentially subvert pDC activation compared to that with nontransmitted HIV-1 variants. pDCs may, however, contribute to the in vivo evolution of HIV-1.IMPORTANCE The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) is the first cell type recruited to the site of HIV-1 exposure; however, its contribution to the viral bottleneck in HIV-1 transmission has not been explored previously. We hypothesized that transmitted/founder viruses are able to avoid the pDC response. In this study, we used previously established donor pair-linked transmitted/founder and nontransmitted (or chronic) variants of HIV-1 to stimulate pDCs. Transmitted/founder HIV-1, instead of suppressing pDC responses, induced IFN-α and TNF-α secretion to levels comparable to those induced by viruses from the transmitting partner. We noted several unique traits of chronic viruses, including polarization between IFN-α and TNF-α production as well as a strong relationship between IFN-α secretion and the resistance of the virus to neutralization. These data rule out the possibility that TF viruses preferentially suppress pDCs in comparison to the pDC response to nontransmitted HIV variants. pDCs may, however, be important drivers of viral evolution in vivo.
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17
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Virus Infection and Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110316. [PMID: 29077026 PMCID: PMC5707523 DOI: 10.3390/v9110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infection can trigger extrinsic apoptosis. Cell-surface death receptors of the tumor necrosis factor family mediate this process. They either assist persistent viral infection or elicit the elimination of infected cells by the host. Death receptor-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in viral pathogenesis and the host antiviral response. Many viruses have acquired the capability to subvert death receptor-mediated apoptosis and evade the host immune response, mainly by virally encoded gene products that suppress death receptor-mediated apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current information on virus infection and death receptor-mediated apoptosis, particularly focusing on the viral proteins that modulate death receptor-mediated apoptosis.
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18
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Smith N, Herbeuval JP. Mechanisms underlying plasmacytoid dendritic cell regulation during viral infection. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikaïa Smith
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Descartes, CICB, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Descartes, CICB, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT
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19
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Natural amines inhibit activation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells through CXCR4 engagement. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14253. [PMID: 28181493 PMCID: PMC5309800 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are specialized in secretion of type I interferon in response to pathogens. Here we show that natural monoamines and synthetic amines inhibit pDC activation by RNA viruses. Furthermore, a synthetic analogue of histamine reduces type I interferon production in a mouse model of influenza infection. We identify CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a receptor used by amines to inhibit pDC. Our study establishes a functional link between natural amines and the innate immune system and identifies CXCR4 as a potential ‘on-off' switch of pDC activity with therapeutic potential. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce type I interferons in response to viral sensing. Here the authors show that amines inhibit these plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses through CXCR4 engagement.
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20
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Ma L, Sang M, Zhang J, Zhang S. Identification, characterization and bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand from Equus caballus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:340-349. [PMID: 27592050 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily and plays multifunctional roles in the immune system. In the present study, a homolog of TRAIL from the Mongolian horse (named ecTRAIL) was identified and characterized. The 870-bp open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 289 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 33.47 kDa and pI of 8.47. The genomic structure of ecTRAIL shares a five-exon/six-intron arrangement similar to its orthologs. Multiple alignments show that ecTRAIL is a type II transmembrane protein with a typical transmembrane region, three conserved cysteine residues (Cys56, Cys77, Cys238) and a TNF family signature sequence ([LV]-x-[LIVM]-x(3)-G-[LIVMF]-Y-[LIVMFY](2)-x(2)-[QEKHL]-[LIVMGT]-x-[LIVMFY]). Three-dimensional structure prediction based on the same template revealed that the positional arrangement of the key amino acid residues, Cys238 and Cys230 in ecTRAIL and human TRAIL, respectively, is significantly conserved. Evolutionary analysis suggests that ecTRAIL is most closely related to its ortholog from pigs, with an identity of 83.99%. The solubilizing small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) tag fused recombinant protein SUMO-ecsTRAIL was successfully expressed in E. coli and exhibited binding activity and cytotoxicity to HeLa cells in a cross-species manner in vitro. These results provide a better understanding of TRAILs in mammals and indicate that ecTRAIL may play an important role in the immune response in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China; Qilu Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Sang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Achard C, Guillerme JB, Bruni D, Boisgerault N, Combredet C, Tangy F, Jouvenet N, Grégoire M, Fonteneau JF. Oncolytic measles virus induces tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cytotoxicity by human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1261240. [PMID: 28197384 PMCID: PMC5283625 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1261240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated measles virus (MV) is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as an oncolytic therapeutic agent. Originally used for its lytic activity against tumor cells, it is now admitted that the effectiveness of MV also lies in its ability to initiate antitumor immune responses through the activation of dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we investigated the capacity of oncolytic MV to convert human blood myeloid CD1c+ DCs and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) into cytotoxic effectors. We found that MV induces the expression of the cytotoxic protein TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on the surface of DCs. We demonstrate that the secretion of interferon-α (IFN-α) by DCs in response to MV is responsible for this TRAIL expression. Several types of PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) have been implicated in MV genome recognition, including RLRs (RIG-I-like receptors) and TLRs (Toll-like receptors). We showed that CD1c+ DCs secrete modest amounts of IFN-α and express TRAIL in an RLR-dependent manner upon exposure to MV. In pDCs, MV is recognized by RLRs and also by TLR7, leading to the secretion of high amounts of IFN-α and TRAIL expression. Finally, we showed that MV-stimulated DCs induce TRAIL-mediated cell death of Jurkat cells, confirming their acquisition of cytotoxic functions. Our results demonstrate that MV can activate cytotoxic myeloid CD1c+ DCs and pDCs, which may participate to the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Achard
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Guillerme
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Daniela Bruni
- CNRS-UMR3569, Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur , Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Boisgerault
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Combredet
- CNRS-UMR3569, Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur , Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- CNRS-UMR3569, Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur , Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- CNRS-UMR3569, Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur , Paris, France
| | - Marc Grégoire
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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22
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Girkin JL, Hatchwell LM, Collison AM, Starkey MR, Hansbro PM, Yagita H, Foster PS, Mattes J. TRAIL signaling is proinflammatory and proviral in a murine model of rhinovirus 1B infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L89-L99. [PMID: 27836899 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00200.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
the aim of this study is to elucidate the role of TRAIL during rhinovirus (RV) infection in vivo. Naïve wild-type and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-deficient (Tnfsf10-/-) BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with RV1B. In separate experiments, Tnfsf10-/- mice were sensitized and challenged via the airway route with house dust mite (HDM) to induce allergic airways disease and then challenged with RVIB or UV-RVIB. Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) was invasively assessed as total airways resistance in response to increasing methacholine challenge and inflammation was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at multiple time points postinfection. Chemokines were quantified by ELISA of whole lung lysates and viral load was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and tissue culture infective dose (TCID50). Human airway epithelial cells (BEAS2B) were infected with RV1B and stimulated with recombinant TRAIL or neutralizing anti-TRAIL antibodies and viral titer assessed by TCID50 HDM-challenged Tnfsf10-/- mice were protected against RV-induced AHR and had suppressed cellular infiltration in the airways upon RV infection. Chemokine C-X-C-motif ligand 2 (CXCL2) production was suppressed in naïve Tnfsf10-/- mice infected with RV1B, with less RV1B detected 24 h postinfection. This was associated with reduced apoptotic cell death and a reduction of interferon (IFN)-λ2/3 but not IFN-α or IFN-β. TRAIL stimulation increased, whereas anti-TRAIL antibodies reduced viral replication in RV1B-infected BEAS2B cells in vitro. In conclusion, TRAIL promotes RV-induced AHR, inflammation and RV1B replication, implicating this molecule and its downstream signaling pathways as a possible target for the amelioration of RV1B-induced allergic and nonallergic lung inflammation and AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Girkin
- Experimental and Translational Respiratory Medicine Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Luke M Hatchwell
- Experimental and Translational Respiratory Medicine Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Adam M Collison
- Experimental and Translational Respiratory Medicine Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Microbiology, Asthma, and Airways Research Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Microbiology, Asthma, and Airways Research Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Experimental and Translational Respiratory Medicine Group, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; .,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
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23
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A pathogenic role for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:859-72. [PMID: 26555706 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a life-threatening inflammatory respiratory disorder, often induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. The development of effective therapies is impaired by a lack of understanding of the underlining mechanisms. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine with inflammatory and apoptotic properties. We interrogated a mouse model of CS-induced experimental COPD and human tissues to identify a novel role for TRAIL in COPD pathogenesis. CS exposure of wild-type mice increased TRAIL and its receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein levels, as well as the number of TRAIL(+)CD11b(+) monocytes in the lung. TRAIL and its receptor mRNA were also increased in human COPD. CS-exposed TRAIL-deficient mice had decreased pulmonary inflammation, pro-inflammatory mediators, emphysema-like alveolar enlargement, and improved lung function. TRAIL-deficient mice also developed spontaneous small airway changes with increased epithelial cell thickness and collagen deposition, independent of CS exposure. Importantly, therapeutic neutralization of TRAIL, after the establishment of early-stage experimental COPD, reduced pulmonary inflammation, emphysema-like alveolar enlargement, and small airway changes. These data provide further evidence for TRAIL being a pivotal inflammatory factor in respiratory diseases, and the first preclinical evidence to suggest that therapeutic agents that target TRAIL may be effective in COPD therapy.
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24
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HIV-1 strategies to overcome the immune system by evading and invading innate immune system. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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25
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Smith N, Herbeuval JP. [Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: the novel Eldorado for antiviral therapy?]. Biol Aujourdhui 2015; 209:135-44. [PMID: 26514383 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent the first line of host defense against viruses and are an essential link between innate and adaptive immunity. The antiviral factor IFN-α is massively produced by pDCs in response to HIV infection and induces the expression of cellular genes that interfere with viral replication (ISG). Indeed, type I IFN produced by pDCs has a direct anti-viral activity against HIV and has important adjuvant function on other immune cell-types, such as T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. However, the role of type I IFN in HIV disease is complex and may depend on the stage of the disease. The immunologic hallmark of HIV infection is a status of chronic and progressive immune activation, which drives the immune system to exhaustion and leads to severe immunodeficiency. There is now strong evidence that chronic activation of pDCs may promote HIV pathogenesis and have an impact on adaptive T-cell response. Thus, targeting pDCs and type I IFN may open new therapeutic strategies for chronically activated HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikaïa Smith
- Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Nucléo(s)tides & Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBNIT), CNRS UMR8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CICB-Paris (FR 3567), Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Nucléo(s)tides & Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBNIT), CNRS UMR8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CICB-Paris (FR 3567), Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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26
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Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique DC subset that specializes in the production of type I interferons (IFNs). pDCs promote antiviral immune responses and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that are characterized by a type I IFN signature. However, pDCs can also induce tolerogenic immune responses. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in the field of pDC biology, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and functions of pDCs, the pathways involved in their sensing of pathogens and endogenous nucleic acids, their functions at mucosal sites, and their roles in infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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27
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Karrich JJ, Jachimowski LCM, Uittenbogaart CH, Blom B. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell as the Swiss army knife of the immune system: molecular regulation of its multifaceted functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 193:5772-8. [PMID: 25480956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have been regarded as the "professional type I IFN-producing cells" of the immune system following viral recognition that relies on the expression of TLR7 and TLR9. Furthermore, pDC link the innate and adaptive immune systems via cytokine production and Ag presentation. More recently, their ability to induce tolerance and cytotoxicity has been added to their "immune skills." Such a broad range of actions, resembling the diverse functional features of a Swiss army knife, requires strong and prompt molecular regulation to prevent detrimental effects, including autoimmune pathogenesis or tumor escape. Over the last decades, we and other investigators have started to unravel some aspects of the signaling pathways that regulate the various functions of human pDC. In this article, we review aspects of the molecular regulatory mechanisms to control pDC function in light of their multifaceted roles during immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien J Karrich
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loes C M Jachimowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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Davidson S, Maini MK, Wack A. Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:252-64. [PMID: 25714109 PMCID: PMC4389918 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While type I interferons (IFNs) are universally acknowledged for their antiviral and immunostimulatory functions, there is increasing appreciation of the detrimental effects of inappropriate, excessive, or mistimed type I IFN responses in viral and bacterial infections. The underlying mechanisms by which type I IFNs promote susceptibility or severity include direct tissue damage by apoptosis induction or suppression of proliferation in tissue cells, immunopathology due to excessive inflammation, and cell death induced by TRAIL- and Fas-expressing immune cells, as well as immunosuppression through IL-10, IL-27, PD-L1, IL-1Ra, and other regulatory molecules that antagonize the induction or action of IL-1, IL-12, IL-17, IFN-γ, KC, and other effectors of the immune response. Bacterial superinfections following influenza infection are a prominent example of a situation where type I IFNs can misdirect the immune response. This review discusses current understanding of the parameters of signal strength, duration, timing, location, and cellular recipients that determine whether type I IFNs have beneficial or detrimental effects in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Davidson
- 1 Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research , Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
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Smith N, Etheve-Quelquejeu M, Herbeuval JP. CD4 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Ligand (TRAIL) localization in HIV-stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells by three-dimensional microscopy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:1158-9. [PMID: 25343561 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikaïa Smith
- Chemistry and Biology, Nucleo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT), CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Etheve-Quelquejeu
- Chemistry and Biology, Nucleo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT), CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Chemistry and Biology, Nucleo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT), CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
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30
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Tomasello E, Pollet E, Vu Manh TP, Uzé G, Dalod M. Harnessing Mechanistic Knowledge on Beneficial Versus Deleterious IFN-I Effects to Design Innovative Immunotherapies Targeting Cytokine Activity to Specific Cell Types. Front Immunol 2014; 5:526. [PMID: 25400632 PMCID: PMC4214202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) were identified over 50 years ago as cytokines critical for host defense against viral infections. IFN-I promote anti-viral defense through two main mechanisms. First, IFN-I directly reinforce or induce de novo in potentially all cells the expression of effector molecules of intrinsic anti-viral immunity. Second, IFN-I orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-viral immunity. However, IFN-I responses can be deleterious for the host in a number of circumstances, including secondary bacterial or fungal infections, several autoimmune diseases, and, paradoxically, certain chronic viral infections. We will review the proposed nature of protective versus deleterious IFN-I responses in selected diseases. Emphasis will be put on the potentially deleterious functions of IFN-I in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and on the respective roles of IFN-I and IFN-III in promoting resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We will then discuss how the balance between beneficial versus deleterious IFN-I responses is modulated by several key parameters including (i) the subtypes and dose of IFN-I produced, (ii) the cell types affected by IFN-I, and (iii) the source and timing of IFN-I production. Finally, we will speculate how integration of this knowledge combined with advanced biochemical manipulation of the activity of the cytokines should allow designing innovative immunotherapeutic treatments in patients. Specifically, we will discuss how induction or blockade of specific IFN-I responses in targeted cell types could promote the beneficial functions of IFN-I and/or dampen their deleterious effects, in a manner adapted to each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tomasello
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
| | - Emeline Pollet
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
| | - Gilles Uzé
- UMR 5235, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Montpellier II , Montpellier , France
| | - Marc Dalod
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
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31
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Zhang L, Luo Z, Sieg SF, Funderburg NT, Yu X, Fu P, Wu H, Jiao Y, Gao Y, Greenspan NS, Harding CV, Kilby JM, Li Z, Lederman MM, Jiang W. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediate synergistic effects of HIV and lipopolysaccharide on CD27+ IgD- memory B cell apoptosis. J Virol 2014; 88:11430-41. [PMID: 25056888 PMCID: PMC4178795 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00682-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effects of heightened microbial translocation on B cells during HIV infection are unknown. We examined the in vitro effects of HIV and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on apoptosis of CD27+ IgD- memory B (mB) cells from healthy controls. In vivo analysis was conducted on a cohort of 82 HIV+ donors and 60 healthy controls. In vitro exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to LPS and HIV led to mB cell death via the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produced FasL in response to HIV via binding to CD4 and chemokine coreceptors. HIV and LPS increased Fas expression on mB cells in PBMCs, which was dependent on the presence of pDCs and monocytes. Furthermore, mB cells purified from PBMCs and pretreated with both HIV and LPS were more sensitive to apoptosis when cocultured with HIV-treated pDCs. Blocking the interferon receptor (IFNR) prevented HIV-stimulated FasL production in pDCs, HIV-plus-LPS-induced Fas expression, and apoptosis of mB cells. In vivo or ex vivo, HIV+ donors have higher levels of plasma LPS, Fas expression on mB cells, and mB cell apoptosis than controls. Correspondingly, in HIV+ donors, but not in controls, a positive correlation was found between plasma FasL and HIV RNA levels and between Fas expression on mB cells and plasma LPS levels. This work reveals a novel mechanism of mB cell apoptosis mediated by LPS and HIV through the Fas/FasL pathway, with key involvement of pDCs and type I IFN, suggesting a role for microbial translocation in HIV pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and type I interferon (IFN) play an important role in memory B cell apoptosis in HIV infection. It reveals a previously unrecognized role of microbial translocation in HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaocong Yu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Jiao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neil S Greenspan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Clifford V Harding
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Michael Kilby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Leplina OY, Tyrinova TV, Tikhonova MA, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER. Interferon alpha induces generation of semi-mature dendritic cells with high pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic potential. Cytokine 2014; 71:1-7. [PMID: 25174880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.07.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-based vaccines are considered as a new and promising immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment. However, the choice of optimal protocol of dendritic cell generation in vitro represents the major challenge. Here, we compared phenotype and functional characteristics of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) generated in the presence of IL-4/GM-CSF (IL4-DCs) and IFNα/GM-CSF (IFN-DCs). We showed that IFN-DCs displayed semi-mature phenotype and expressed higher level of CD123, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and B7-H1 molecules in comparison with IL4-DCs. LPS-stimulated IFN-DCs were characterized by greater production of Th1/pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17), Тh2/anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-5), hematopoietic growth factors (G-CSF) and chemokines (MCP-1). These data indicated more pronounced ability of IFN-DCs to induce cellular immune response as well as humoral immune response compared to IL4-DCs. LPS-stimulated IFN-DCs possessed higher direct cytotoxic activity against TRAIL-sensitive tumor cell line Jurkat and similar cytotoxicity against TRAIL-resistant tumor HEp-2 cells. Besides, IFN-DCs and IL4-DCs equally induced apoptosis of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. These results suggest that IFN-DCs can be used as potent cell-based curative therapies for individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Leplina
- Institute of Clinical Immunology SB RAMS, 14 Yadrintsevskaya Str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia(1)
| | - Tamara V Tyrinova
- Institute of Clinical Immunology SB RAMS, 14 Yadrintsevskaya Str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia(1).
| | - Marina A Tikhonova
- Institute of Clinical Immunology SB RAMS, 14 Yadrintsevskaya Str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia(1)
| | - Alexander A Ostanin
- Institute of Clinical Immunology SB RAMS, 14 Yadrintsevskaya Str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia(1)
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Institute of Clinical Immunology SB RAMS, 14 Yadrintsevskaya Str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia(1)
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Mbita Z, Hull R, Dlamini Z. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-mediated apoptosis: new therapeutic targets. Viruses 2014; 6:3181-227. [PMID: 25196285 PMCID: PMC4147692 DOI: 10.3390/v6083181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV has posed a significant challenge due to the ability of the virus to both impair and evade the host’s immune system. One of the most important mechanisms it has employed to do so is the modulation of the host’s native apoptotic pathways and mechanisms. Viral proteins alter normal apoptotic signaling resulting in increased viral load and the formation of viral reservoirs which ultimately increase infectivity. Both the host’s pro- and anti-apoptotic responses are regulated by the interactions of viral proteins with cell surface receptors or apoptotic pathway components. This dynamic has led to the development of therapies aimed at altering the ability of the virus to modulate apoptotic pathways. These therapies are aimed at preventing or inhibiting viral infection, or treating viral associated pathologies. These drugs target both the viral proteins and the apoptotic pathways of the host. This review will examine the cell types targeted by HIV, the surface receptors exploited by the virus and the mechanisms whereby HIV encoded proteins influence the apoptotic pathways. The viral manipulation of the hosts’ cell type to evade the immune system, establish viral reservoirs and enhance viral proliferation will be reviewed. The pathologies associated with the ability of HIV to alter apoptotic signaling and the drugs and therapies currently under development that target the ability of apoptotic signaling within HIV infection will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zukile Mbita
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, C/o Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue P/Bag X6, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.
| | - Rodney Hull
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, C/o Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue P/Bag X6, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, C/o Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue P/Bag X6, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.
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34
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Barblu L, Smith N, Durand S, Scott-Algara D, Boufassa F, Delfraissy JF, Cimarelli A, Lambotte O, Herbeuval JP. Reduction of death receptor 5 expression and apoptosis of CD4+ T cells from HIV controllers. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:17-26. [PMID: 25110157 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis of HIV-1-exposed CD4 T cells expressing the death receptor 5 (DR5) in vitro and has been associated with reduced CD4 T cell number in viremic HIV-1-infected patients. Alterations of the TRAIL/DR5 apoptotic pathway could be involved in the absence of massive CD4 T cell depletion in HIV-1-infected controllers (HIC). We studied here apoptosis of CD4 T cells from HIV-infected progressors and controllers. Reduced apoptosis of CD4 T cells from HIC was observed upon HIV stimulation. This lower apoptosis correlated with a deficiency of DR5 cell surface expression by CD4 T cells upon HIV-1 stimulation. The significant lower apoptosis observed in CD4 T cells after HIV exposure, associated with lower expression of membrane DR5 could explain the better survival of HIV-specific CD4 T cells from HIV controllers. The levels of DR5 cell surface expression on CD4 T cells could represent a new prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Barblu
- CNRS UMR 8147; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- CNRS UMR 8601, Faculté des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Department of Human Virology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; INSERM, U758; Université Lyon1, France
| | | | | | - Jean-François Delfraissy
- INSERM, U1012, Bicêtre, Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Bicêtre Hospital, Bicêtre, Paris, France; Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
| | - Andrea Cimarelli
- Department of Human Virology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; INSERM, U758; Université Lyon1, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- INSERM, U1012, Bicêtre, Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Bicêtre Hospital, Bicêtre, Paris, France; Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
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35
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells suppress HIV-1 replication but contribute to HIV-1 induced immunopathogenesis in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004291. [PMID: 25077616 PMCID: PMC4117636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and pathogenesis remains unclear. HIV-1 infection in the humanized mouse model leads to persistent HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis, including type I interferons (IFN-I) induction, immune-activation and depletion of human leukocytes, including CD4 T cells. We developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically depletes human pDC in all lymphoid organs in humanized mice. When pDC were depleted prior to HIV-1 infection, the induction of IFN-I and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were abolished during acute HIV-1 infection with either a highly pathogenic CCR5/CXCR4-dual tropic HIV-1 or a standard CCR5-tropic HIV-1 isolate. Consistent with the anti-viral role of IFN-I, HIV-1 replication was significantly up-regulated in pDC-depleted mice. Interestingly, the cell death induced by the highly pathogenic HIV-1 isolate was severely reduced in pDC-depleted mice. During chronic HIV-1 infection, depletion of pDC also severely reduced the induction of IFN-I and ISGs, associated with elevated HIV-1 replication. Surprisingly, HIV-1 induced depletion of human immune cells including T cells in lymphoid organs, but not the blood, was reduced in spite of the increased viral replication. The increased cell number in lymphoid organs was associated with a reduced level of HIV-induced cell death in human leukocytes including CD4 T cells. We conclude that pDC play opposing roles in suppressing HIV-1 replication and in promoting HIV-1 induced immunopathogenesis. These findings suggest that pDC-depletion and IFN-I blockade will provide novel strategies for treating those HIV-1 immune non-responsive patients with persistent immune activation despite effective anti-retrovirus treatment.
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36
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Abstract
HIV-1 was recognized as the cause of AIDS in humans in 1984. Despite 30 years of intensive research, we are still unraveling the molecular details of the host-pathogen interactions that enable this virus to escape immune clearance and cause immunodeficiency. Here we explore a series of recent studies that consider how HIV-1 interacts with the cell-autonomous innate immune system as it navigates its way in and out of host cells. We discuss how these studies improve our knowledge of HIV-1 and host biology as well as increase our understanding of transmission, persistence, and immunodeficiency and the potential for therapeutic or prophylactic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Towers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London W1CE 6BT, UK.
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London W1CE 6BT, UK
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37
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Starkey MR, Nguyen DH, Essilfie AT, Kim RY, Hatchwell LM, Collison AM, Yagita H, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Mattes J, Hansbro PM. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand translates neonatal respiratory infection into chronic lung disease. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:478-88. [PMID: 24045576 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory infections in early life can lead to chronic respiratory disease. Chlamydia infections are common causes of respiratory disease, particularly pneumonia in neonates, and are linked to permanent reductions in pulmonary function and the induction of asthma. However, the immune responses that protect against early-life infection and the mechanisms that lead to chronic lung disease are incompletely understood. Here we identify novel roles for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in promoting Chlamydia respiratory infection-induced pathology in early life, and subsequent chronic lung disease. By infecting TRAIL-deficient neonatal mice and using neutralizing antibodies against this factor and its receptors in wild-type mice, we demonstrate that TRAIL is critical in promoting infection-induced histopathology, inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion, as well as subsequent alveolar enlargement and impaired lung function. This suggests that therapeutic agents that target TRAIL or its receptors may be effective treatments for early-life respiratory infections and associated chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D H Nguyen
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A T Essilfie
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L M Hatchwell
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A M Collison
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Mattes
- 1] Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia [2] Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Newcastle Children's Hospital, Kaleidoscope, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Attenuation of pathogenic immune responses during infection with human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) by the tetracycline derivative minocycline. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94375. [PMID: 24732038 PMCID: PMC3986096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV immune pathogenesis is postulated to involve two major mechanisms: 1) chronic innate immune responses that drive T cell activation and apoptosis and 2) induction of immune regulators that suppress T cell function and proliferation. Both arms are elevated chronically in lymphoid tissues of non-natural hosts, which ultimately develop AIDS. However, these mechanisms are not elevated chronically in natural hosts of SIV infection that avert immune pathogenesis despite similarly high viral loads. In this study we investigated whether minocycline could modulate these pathogenic antiviral responses in non-natural hosts of HIV and SIV. We found that minocycline attenuated in vitro induction of type I interferon (IFN) and the IFN-stimulated genes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and PBMCs exposed to aldrithiol-2 inactivated HIV or infectious influenza virus. Activation-induced TRAIL and expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in isolated CD4+ T cells were also reduced by minocycline. Translation of these in vitro findings to in vivo effects, however, were mixed as minocycline significantly reduced markers of activation and activation-induced cell death (CD25, Fas, caspase-3) but did not affect expression of IFNβ or the IFN-stimulated genes IDO1, FasL, or Mx in the spleens of chronically SIV-infected pigtailed macaques. TRAIL expression, reflecting the mixed effects of minocycline on activation and type I IFN stimuli, was reduced by half, but this change was not significant. These results show that minocycline administered after infection may protect against aspects of activation-induced cell death during HIV/SIV immune disease, but that in vitro effects of minocycline on type I IFN responses are not recapitulated in a rapid progressor model in vivo.
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39
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Royle CM, Tsai MH, Tabarrini O, Massari S, Graham DR, Aquino VN, Boasso A. Modulation of HIV-1-induced activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by 6-desfluoroquinolones. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:345-54. [PMID: 24229417 PMCID: PMC3976578 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is an important contributor to the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. The quinolone derivative chloroquine (CQ) prevents endosomal acidification, required for toll-like receptor sensing of HIV by pDCs, and is currently under clinical trial as an immunotherapeutic approach. We tested three different 6-desfluoroquinolones (6-DFQs), structurally related to CQ and endowed with antiretroviral activity, for their ability to inhibit HIV-induced pDC activation and interferon (IFN)-α production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. PBMCs from six healthy donors were cultured overnight with aldrithiol-2 (AT-2)-inactivated HIV-1MN in the presence or absence of 6-DFQs or CQ. IFN-α production was measured by ELISA; pDC and monocyte activation was analyzed by flow cytometry. Incubation with HIV labeled with the fluorescent dye DyLight-488 (DL488) was used to test virus uptake by flow cytometry. We found that the 6-DFQs effectively inhibited HIV-induced IFN-α similar to CQ, but only 6-DFQs also inhibited the upregulation of the pDC activation marker CD83. Interestingly, HIV-induced expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 and, to a lesser extent CD86, was further enhanced on pDCs by 6-DFQs, but not CQ. Conversely, 6-DFQs and CQ had similar inhibitory effects on HIV-induced monocyte activation, consistent with the primary mechanism being associated with IFN-α signaling. Finally, 6-DFQs interfered with HIV interaction with pDCs and monocytes, but not myeloid DCs. Our data indicate that 6-DFQs may interfere with pDC-mediated and IFN-α-dependent immunopathogenesis while supporting pDC differentiation into mature antigen-presenting cells by favoring expression of costimulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Royle
- Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degliStudi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degliStudi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - David R. Graham
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Veronica N. Aquino
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adriano Boasso
- Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Reeves RK, Bosinger SE. Innate Immunity in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. NATURAL HOSTS OF SIV 2014. [PMCID: PMC7149674 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404734-1.00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the emergence of innate immunity as a mature field. The study of innate immunity has had a significant impact on the concepts of HIV immunity, pathogenesis, and vaccines. In this chapter, basic concepts of innate immunity at the anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels will be introduced from the perspective of their interplay with HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). An emphasis will be placed on studies using SIV/non-human primate (NHP) models that shape current models of HIV pathogenesis. Finally, studies modulating the innate system in vivo in NHPs will be discussed.
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Boasso A. Type I Interferon at the Interface of Antiviral Immunity and Immune Regulation: The Curious Case of HIV-1. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:580968. [PMID: 24455433 PMCID: PMC3885208 DOI: 10.1155/2013/580968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) play a critical role in the innate immune response against viral infections. They actively participate in antiviral immunity by inducing molecular mechanisms of viral restriction and by limiting the spread of the infection, but they also orchestrate the initial phases of the adaptive immune response and influence the quality of T cell immunity. During infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the production of and response to IFN-I may be severely altered by the lymphotropic nature of the virus. In this review I consider the different aspects of virus sensing, IFN-I production, signalling, and effects on target cells, with a particular focus on the alterations observed following HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Boasso
- Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
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Tian Y, Tao T, Zhu J, Zou Y, Wang J, Li J, Bo L, Deng X. Soluble tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand level as a predictor of severity of sepsis and the risk of mortality in septic patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82204. [PMID: 24349222 PMCID: PMC3861352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a member of the TNF gene superfamily induces apoptosis primarily in tumor cells. TRAIL also plays an important role in the modulation of inflammatory responses, especially in the process of immune paralysis. The aim of the present study was to examine soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) levels in septic patients in an attempt to explore the association between sTRAIL level and the risk of mortality. METHODS Plasma sTRAIL levels were detected by ELISA in 50 septic patients and 20 healthy volunteers. HLA-DR expression in monocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Selective biochemical parameters were recorded, and patients were monitored in a 28-day period for mortality. RESULTS The mean plasma sTRAIL level in septic patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (16.9±8.3 vs. 68.3±8.6 pg/ml, P<0.01), and was significantly higher in 28-day survivors than those in non-survivors (19.4±9.8 vs. 13.9±4.7 pg/ml, P<0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that plasma sTRAIL level was positively correlated with monocyte and lymphocyte counts and HLA-DR expression level (r = 0.5, P<0.01; r = 0.3, P<0.05; r = 0.43, P<0.01, respectively). STRAIL level was negatively correlated with APACHE II score, BUN and age (r = -0.48, P<0.01; r = -0.29, P<0.05; r = -0.45, P<0.01, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the predictor of plasma soluble TRAIL level was HLA-DR expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Low plasma sTRAIL levels were associated with immune paralysis and a high risk of mortality in patients with septic shock. sTRAIL may prove to be a potential biomarker of immune function and predict the survival of septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Naval General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhu Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulong Bo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Tel J, Anguille S, Waterborg CEJ, Smits EL, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. Tumoricidal activity of human dendritic cells. Trends Immunol 2013; 35:38-46. [PMID: 24262387 PMCID: PMC7106406 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human DC subsets can exert tumoricidal activity. Killer DCs exploit several mechanisms for direct killing of target cells, including TRAIL and granzyme B. Antigen presentation and/or IFN production are important additional effector functions. Killer DCs are promising targets for immunotherapeutic strategies.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a family of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are able to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. The DC family is heterogeneous and is classically divided into two main subsets, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics: myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Recent results have provided intriguing evidence that both DC subsets can also function as direct cytotoxic effector cells; in particular, against cancer cells. In this review, we delve into this understudied function of human DCs and discuss why these so-called killer DCs might become important tools in future cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claire E J Waterborg
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Mathan TSMM, Figdor CG, Buschow SI. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells: from molecules to intercellular communication network. Front Immunol 2013; 4:372. [PMID: 24282405 PMCID: PMC3825182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specific subset of naturally occurring dendritic cells, that secrete large amounts of Type I interferon and play an important role in the immune response against viral infection. Several studies have highlighted that they are also effective antigen presenting cells, making them an interesting target for immunotherapy against cancer. However, the modes of action of pDCs are not restricted to antigen presentation and IFN secretion alone. In this review we will highlight a selection of cell surface proteins expressed by human pDCs that may facilitate communication with other immune cells, and we will discuss the implications of these molecules for pDC-driven immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S M Manuel Mathan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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45
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Ries M, Schuster P, Thomann S, Donhauser N, Vollmer J, Schmidt B. Identification of novel oligonucleotides from mitochondrial DNA that spontaneously induce plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:123-35. [PMID: 23610148 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0612278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that mtDNA fragments carry immunostimulatory motifs that naturally induce immune activation by PDC. Genomic and mtDNA induced similar IFN-α production after transfection into PBMCs using the liposomal transfection reagent DOTAP. Shortening of mtDNA to CpG islands enhanced the immunostimulatory activity, based on the presence of unmethylated CpG DNA. Further fragmentation into mtODN, which exhibited similarities to published CpG ODN, resulted in a strong immunostimulatory activity in addition to PDC maturation and migration. The addition of the human cathelicidin LL-37 to CpG islands induced spontaneous PDC IFN-α production. Notably, one phosphodiester mtODN with a double-palindromic structure induced PDC IFN-α production in the absence of DOTAP. Flow cytometry, life-cell, and confocal imaging revealed attachment and spontaneous uptake into PDC, colocalizing, in part, with TLR9 in early endosomal vesicles. This process was accompanied by a moderate but significant PDC maturation in addition to B cell and NK cell activation (P<0.05). Altogether, our data indicate that fragmented mtDNA, which may be released as a consequence of apoptotic, necrotic, and necroptotic cell death, can act as a DAMP. For the first time, our study provides a mechanism how longer and shorter mtDNA fragments can be taken up naturally by the PDC and thus, may contribute to acute and chronic immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ries
- German National Reference Centre for Retroviruses, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Tavano B, Galao RP, Graham DR, Neil SJD, Aquino VN, Fuchs D, Boasso A. Ig-like transcript 7, but not bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (also known as HM1.24, tetherin, or CD317), modulates plasmacytoid dendritic cell function in primary human blood leukocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2622-30. [PMID: 23401591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Ig-like transcript (ILT) 7 is a surface molecule selectively expressed by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). ILT7 cross-linking suppresses pDC activation and type I IFN (IFN-I) secretion following TLR7/9 engagement. The bone marrow stromal cell Ag 2 (BST2, aka HM1.24, tetherin, or CD317) is expressed by different cell types upon exposure to IFN-I and is a natural ligand for ILT7. In this study, we show that ILT7 expression decreased spontaneously in pDCs upon in vitro culture, which correlates with pDC differentiation measured as increased side scatter properties and CCR7 expression. TLR7/9 ligands, as well as HIV, induced BST2 upregulation on all tested cell types except T cells, which required TCR stimulation to respond to TLR9L-induced IFN-I. IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α had only marginal effects on BST2 expression in blood leukocytes compared with TLR9L. Preincubation with ILT7 cross-linking Ab inhibited IFN-I production in PBMCs treated with TLR7/9L or HIV, whereas BST2 blockade did not affect IFN-I responses even when BST2 upregulation was further boosted with TCR agonists or immunoregulatory cytokines. Our data indicate that BST2-mediated ILT7 cross-linking may act as a homeostatic regulatory mechanism on immature circulating pDC, rather than a negative feedback for activated mature pDCs that have downregulated ILT7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tavano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Sehgal M, Khan ZK, Talal AH, Jain P. Dendritic Cells in HIV-1 and HCV Infection: Can They Help Win the Battle? Virology (Auckl) 2013; 4:1-25. [PMID: 25512691 PMCID: PMC4222345 DOI: 10.4137/vrt.s11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As sentinels of our immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in initiating and regulating a potent antiviral immune response. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of DCs during HIV-1 and HCV infection have provided crucial insights into the mechanisms employed by these viruses to impair DC functions in order to evade an effective immune response against them. Modulation of the immunological synapse between DC and T-cell, as well as dysregulation of the crosstalk between DCs and natural killer (NK) cells, are emerging as two crucial mechanisms. This review focuses on understanding the interaction of HIV-1 and HCV with DCs not only to understand the immunopathogenesis of chronic HIV-1 and HCV infection, but also to explore the possibilities of DC-based immunotherapeutic approaches against them. Host genetic makeup is known to play major roles in infection outcome and rate of disease progression, as well as response to anti-viral therapy in both HIV-1 and HCV-infected individuals. Therefore, we highlight the genetic variations that can potentially affect DC functions, especially in the setting of chronic viral infection. Altogether, we address if DCs’ potential as critical effectors of antiviral immune response could indeed be utilized to combat chronic infection with HIV-1 and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sehgal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zafar K Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew H Talal
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Brincks EL, Risk MC, Griffith TS. PMN and anti-tumor immunity--the case of bladder cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:183-9. [PMID: 23410637 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder accounts for ∼5% of all cancer deaths in humans. The majority of bladder tumors are non-muscle invasive at diagnosis, and there is a high rate of tumor recurrence and progression even after local surgical therapy. Thus, many patients require lifelong follow-up examinations that include additional prophylactic treatments in the event of recurrence. Since its first use in 1976, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been the treatment of choice for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Despite nearly 40 years of clinical use, the mechanism(s) by which intravesical administration of BCG results in elimination of bladder tumors remains undefined. Granulocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)) are the predominant immune cell (in number) that enters the bladder after BCG installation, and a number of studies have highlighted the importance of PMN in the antitumor activity of BCG. Studies from our laboratory demonstrated presence of intracellular stores of the apoptosis-inducing protein TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in PMN that are rapidly released after interaction with BCG cell wall components, along with a correlation between increased urinary levels of TRAIL and BCG responsiveness. Mature PMN in circulation are terminally differentiated cells with limited biosynthetic capacity, so the proteins located in the distinct PMN granule populations are compartmentalized concomitant with their synthesis during myelopoiesis. Thus, understanding PMN production, localization, and release of TRAIL is important in the design of future BCG-based bladder tumor immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Brincks
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Zhao L, Tyrrell DL. Myeloid dendritic cells can kill T cells during chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Viral Immunol 2013; 26:25-39. [PMID: 23374153 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells that regulate specific T-cell responses. Here we studied the ability of mDCs to kill T cells during HCV infection. We found that mDCs from chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients expressed upregulated levels of two inhibitory ligands, Fas ligand and the ligand 2 of PD-1 (PD-L2), compared to healthy mDCs. However, their expression of the ligand 1 of PD-1 (PD-L1), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), and B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) on the cell surface was comparable to healthy mDCs. CHC patient mDCs had cytotoxic effects on autologous patient T cells and allogeneic healthy T cells. CHC patient T cells had increased expression of PD-1 compared to healthy T cells. These results indicate that the cytotoxic activity of mDCs is upregulated to kill T cells during chronic HCV infection, which represents a novel mechanism of HCV immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Li KaShing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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