1
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Naik SK, McNehlan ME, Mreyoud Y, Kinsella RL, Smirnov A, Chowdhury CS, McKee SR, Dubey N, Woodson R, Kreamalmeyer D, Stallings CL. Type I IFN signaling in the absence of IRGM1 promotes M. tuberculosis replication in immune cells by suppressing T cell responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560720. [PMID: 37873329 PMCID: PMC10592944 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the IRGM gene are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in humans. A murine ortholog of Irgm, Irgm1, is also essential for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in mice. Multiple processes have been associated with IRGM1 activity that could impact the host response to Mtb infection, including roles in autophagy-mediated pathogen clearance and expansion of activated T cells. However, what IRGM1-mediated pathway is necessary to control Mtb infection in vivo and the mechanistic basis for this control remains unknown. We dissected the contribution of IRGM1 to immune control of Mtb pathogenesis in vivo and found that Irgm1 deletion leads to higher levels of IRGM3-dependent type I interferon signaling. The increased type I interferon signaling precludes T cell expansion during Mtb infection. The absence of Mtb-specific T cell expansion in Irgm1-/- mice results in uncontrolled Mtb infection in neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, which directly contributes to susceptibility to infection. Together, our studies reveal that IRGM1 is required to promote T cell-mediated control of Mtb infection in neutrophils, which is essential for the survival of Mtb-infected mice. These studies also uncover new ways type I interferon signaling can impact TH1 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta K. Naik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael E. McNehlan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yassin Mreyoud
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel L. Kinsella
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chanchal Sur Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samuel R. McKee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Neha Dubey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reilly Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina L. Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Kain BN, Tran BT, Luna PN, Cao R, Le DT, Florez MA, Maneix L, Toups JD, Morales-Mantilla DE, Koh S, Han H, Jaksik R, Huang Y, Catic A, Shaw CA, King KY. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells confer cross-protective trained immunity in mouse models. iScience 2023; 26:107596. [PMID: 37664586 PMCID: PMC10470378 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that infection reprograms hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to enhance innate immune responses upon secondary infectious challenge, a process called "trained immunity." However, the specificity and cell types responsible for this response remain poorly defined. We established a model of trained immunity in mice in response to Mycobacterium avium infection. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that HSPCs activate interferon gamma-response genes heterogeneously upon primary challenge, while rare cell populations expand. Macrophages derived from trained HSPCs demonstrated enhanced bacterial killing and metabolism, and a single dose of recombinant interferon gamma exposure was sufficient to induce similar training. Mice transplanted with influenza-trained HSPCs displayed enhanced immunity against M. avium challenge and vice versa, demonstrating cross protection against antigenically distinct pathogens. Together, these results indicate that heterogeneous responses to infection by HSPCs can lead to long-term production of bone marrow derived macrophages with enhanced function and confer cross-protection against alternative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailee N. Kain
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon T. Tran
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela N. Luna
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruoqiong Cao
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duy T. Le
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcus A. Florez
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laure Maneix
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack D. Toups
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E. Morales-Mantilla
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Koh
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyojeong Han
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Hematology Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roman Jaksik
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering and Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andre Catic
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad A. Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Y. King
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Zhao HG, Deininger M. Always stressed but never exhausted: how stem cells in myeloid neoplasms avoid extinction in inflammatory conditions. Blood 2023; 141:2797-2812. [PMID: 36947811 PMCID: PMC10315634 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic or recurrent episodes of acute inflammation cause attrition of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that can lead to hematopoietic failure but they drive progression in myeloid malignancies and their precursor clonal hematopoiesis. Mechanistic parallels exist between hematopoiesis in chronic inflammation and the continuously increased proliferation of myeloid malignancies, particularly myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The ability to enter dormancy, a state of deep quiescence characterized by low oxidative phosphorylation, low glycolysis, reduced protein synthesis, and increased autophagy is central to the preservation of long-term HSCs and likely MPN SCs. The metabolic features of dormancy resemble those of diapause, a state of arrested embryonic development triggered by adverse environmental conditions. To outcompete their normal counterparts in the inflammatory MPN environment, MPN SCs co-opt mechanisms used by HSCs to avoid exhaustion, including signal attenuation by negative regulators, insulation from activating cytokine signals, anti-inflammatory signaling, and epigenetic reprogramming. We propose that new therapeutic strategies may be derived from conceptualizing myeloid malignancies as an ecosystem out of balance, in which residual normal and malignant hematopoietic cells interact in multiple ways, only few of which have been characterized in detail. Disrupting MPN SC insulation to overcome dormancy, interfering with aberrant cytokine circuits that favor MPN cells, and directly boosting residual normal HSCs are potential strategies to tip the balance in favor of normal hematopoiesis. Although eradicating the malignant cell clones remains the goal of therapy, rebalancing the ecosystem may be a more attainable objective in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Gary Zhao
- Versiti Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Michael Deininger
- Versiti Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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4
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Tran VL, Liu P, Katsumura KR, Kim E, Schoff BM, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Restricting genomic actions of innate immune mediators on fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells. iScience 2023; 26:106297. [PMID: 36950124 PMCID: PMC10025987 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling protects against pathogens, controls hematopoietic development, and functions in oncogenesis, yet the relationship between these mechanisms is undefined. Downregulating the GATA2 transcription factor in fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells upregulates genes encoding innate immune regulators, increases Interferon-γ (IFNγ) signaling, and disrupts differentiation. We demonstrate that deletion of an enhancer that confers GATA2 expression in fetal progenitors elevated Toll-like receptor (TLR) TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 expression and signaling. Rescue by expressing GATA2 downregulated elevated TLR signaling. IFNγ amplified TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 signaling in GATA2-deficient progenitors, synergistically activating cytokine/chemokine genes and elevating cytokine/chemokine production in myeloid cell progeny. Genomic analysis of how innate immune signaling remodels the GATA2-deficient progenitor transcriptome revealed hypersensitive responses at innate immune genes harboring motifs for signal-dependent transcription factors and factors not linked to these mechanisms. As GATA2 establishes a transcriptome that constrains innate immune signaling, insufficient GATA2 renders fetal progenitor cells hypersensitive to innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu L. Tran
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin Kim
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bjorn M. Schoff
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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Sobrino S, Magnani A, Semeraro M, Martignetti L, Cortal A, Denis A, Couzin C, Picard C, Bustamante J, Magrin E, Joseph L, Roudaut C, Gabrion A, Soheili T, Cordier C, Lortholary O, Lefrere F, Rieux-Laucat F, Casanova JL, Bodard S, Boddaert N, Thrasher AJ, Touzot F, Taque S, Suarez F, Marcais A, Guilloux A, Lagresle-Peyrou C, Galy A, Rausell A, Blanche S, Cavazzana M, Six E. Severe hematopoietic stem cell inflammation compromises chronic granulomatous disease gene therapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100919. [PMID: 36706754 PMCID: PMC9975109 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is associated with defective phagocytosis, life-threatening infections, and inflammatory complications. We performed a clinical trial of lentivirus-based gene therapy in four patients (NCT02757911). Two patients show stable engraftment and clinical benefits, whereas the other two have progressively lost gene-corrected cells. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a significantly lower frequency of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in CGD patients, especially in the two patients with defective engraftment. These two present a profound change in HSC status, a high interferon score, and elevated myeloid progenitor frequency. We use elastic-net logistic regression to identify a set of 51 interferon genes and transcription factors that predict the failure of HSC engraftment. In one patient, an aberrant HSC state with elevated CEBPβ expression drives HSC exhaustion, as demonstrated by low repopulation in a xenotransplantation model. Targeted treatments to protect HSCs, coupled to targeted gene expression screening, might improve clinical outcomes in CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steicy Sobrino
- Human Lymphohematopoiesis Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Magnani
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1419, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, GH Paris Centre, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Loredana Martignetti
- Clinical Bioinformatics Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Akira Cortal
- Clinical Bioinformatics Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Denis
- Human Lymphohematopoiesis Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Couzin
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Centre de Références des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Magrin
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laure Joseph
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Roudaut
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Gabrion
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Tayebeh Soheili
- Human Lymphohematopoiesis Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Cordier
- Plateforme de Cytométrie en Flux, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24-CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - François Lefrere
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Adult Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sylvain Bodard
- Department of Adult Radiology, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Département de Radiologie Pédiatrique, INSERM UMR 1163 and UMR 1299, Imagine Institute, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fabien Touzot
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Taque
- CHU de Rennes, Département de Pédiatrie, Rennes, France
| | - Felipe Suarez
- Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ambroise Marcais
- Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Guilloux
- Mathematics and Modelization Laboratory, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Evry, Evry, France
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- Human Lymphohematopoiesis Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Galy
- Genethon, Evry-Courcouronnes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, University Evry, Inserm, Genethon (UMR_S951), Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Antonio Rausell
- Clinical Bioinformatics Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Blanche
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology, and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Biotherapy Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Human Lymphohematopoiesis Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
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6
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Webster SE, Vos D, Rothstein TL, Holodick NE. Modulation of microbiome diversity and cytokine expression is influenced in a sex-dependent manner during aging. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOMES 2022; 1:994464. [PMID: 37426084 PMCID: PMC10328149 DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2022.994464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome and immune system have a unique interplay, which influences homeostasis within the organism. Both the microbiome and immune system play important roles in health and diseases of the aged including development of cancer, autoimmune disorders, and susceptibility to infection. Various groups have demonstrated divergent changes in the gut microbiota during aging, yet the compounding factor of biological sex within the context of aging remains incompletely understood, and little is known about the effect of housing location in the composition of gut microbiota in the context of both sex and age. To better understand the roles of sex, aging, and location in influencing the gut microbiome, we obtained normal healthy BALB/cByJ mice from a single source and aged male and female mice in two different geographical locations. The 16S rRNA was analyzed from fecal samples of these mice and cytokine levels were measured from serum.16S rRNA microbiome analysis indicated that both age and sex play a role in microbiome composition, whereas location plays a lesser role in the diversity present. Interestingly, microbiome changes occurred with alterations in serum expression of several different cytokines including IL-10 and IL-6, which were also both differentially regulated in context to sex and aging. We found both IL-10 and IL-6 play a role in the constitutive expression of pSTAT-3 in CD5+ B-1 cells, which are known to regulate the microbiome. Additionally, significant correlations were found between cytokine expression and significantly abundant microbes. Based on these results, we conclude aging mice undergo sex-associated alterations in the gut microbiome and have a distinct cytokine profile. Further, there is significant interplay between B-1 cells and the microbiome which is influenced by aging in a sex-dependent manner. Together, these results illustrate the complex interrelationship among sex, aging, immunity, housing location, and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Webster
- Center for Immunobiology, Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Duncan Vos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Thomas L. Rothstein
- Center for Immunobiology, Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Nichol E. Holodick
- Center for Immunobiology, Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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7
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Warsi S, Dahl M, Smith EMK, Rydström A, Mansell E, Sigurdsson V, Sjöberg J, Soneji S, Rörby E, Siva K, Grahn THM, Liu Y, Blank U, Karlsson G, Karlsson S. Schlafen2 is a regulator of quiescence in adult murine hematopoietic stem cells. Haematologica 2022; 107:2884-2896. [PMID: 35615926 PMCID: PMC9713563 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, they primarily reside in quiescence. Despite the immense importance of this quiescent state, its maintenance and regulation is still incompletely understood. Schlafen2 (Slfn2) is a cytoplasmic protein known to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, quiescence, interferon response, and regulation of the immune system. Interestingly, Slfn2 is highly expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells. In order to investigate the role of Slfn2 in the regulation of HSC we have studied HSC function in the elektra mouse model, where the elektra allele of the Slfn2 gene contains a point mutation causing loss of function of the Slfn2 protein. We found that homozygosity for the elektra allele caused a decrease of primitive hematopoietic compartments in murine bone marrow. We further found that transplantation of elektra bone marrow and purified HSC resulted in a significantly reduced regenerative capacity of HSC in competitive transplantation settings. Importantly, we found that a significantly higher fraction of elektra HSC (as compared to wild-type HSC) were actively cycling, suggesting that the mutation in Slfn2 increases HSC proliferation. This additionally caused an increased amount of apoptotic stem and progenitor cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that dysregulation of Slfn2 results in a functional deficiency of primitive hematopoietic cells, which is particularly reflected by a drastically impaired ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system following transplantation and an increase in HSC proliferation. This study thus identifies Slfn2 as a novel and critical regulator of adult HSC and HSC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warsi
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University,Skåne University Hospital, Region Skåne,S. Warsi
| | - Maria Dahl
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Emma M. K. Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Anna Rydström
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Els Mansell
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Julia Sjöberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University,Lund University Bioinformatics Core, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Rörby
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Tan H. M. Grahn
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Ulrika Blank
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Göran Karlsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
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8
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Zhao K, Liu J, Zhu Y, Dong X, Yin R, Liu X, Gao H, Xiao F, Gao R, Wang Q, Zhan Y, Yu M, Chen H, Ning H, Zhang C, Yang X, Li C. Hemgn Protects Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Against Transplantation Stress Through Negatively Regulating IFN-γ Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103838. [PMID: 34923767 PMCID: PMC8844507 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) possess the remarkable ability to regenerate the whole blood system in response to ablated stress demands. Delineating the mechanisms that maintain HSPCs during regenerative stresses is increasingly important. Here, it is shown that Hemgn is significantly induced by hematopoietic stresses including irradiation and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Hemgn deficiency does not disturb steady-state hematopoiesis in young mice. Hemgn-/- HSPCs display defective engraftment activity during BMT with reduced homing and survival and increased apoptosis. Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals that upregulated genes in transplanted Hemgn-/- HSPCs are enriched for gene sets related to interferon gamma (IFN-γ) signaling. Hemgn-/- HSPCs show enhanced responses to IFN-γ treatment and increased aging over time. Blocking IFN-γ signaling in irradiated recipients either pharmacologically or genetically rescues Hemgn-/- HSPCs engraftment defect. Mechanistical studies reveal that Hemgn deficiency sustain nuclear Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation via suppressing T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase TC45 activity. Spermidine, a selective activator of TC45, rescues exacerbated phenotype of HSPCs in IFN-γ-treated Hemgn-/- mice. Collectively, these results identify that Hemgn is a critical regulator for successful engraftment and reconstitution of HSPCs in mice through negatively regulating IFN-γ signaling. Targeted Hemgn may be used to improve conditioning regimens and engraftment during HSPCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Jin‐Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Ya‐Xin Zhu
- School of Life SciencesHebei UniversityNo. 180 Wusi Dong Road, Lian Chi DistrictBaoding CityHebei Province071000China
| | - Xiao‐Ming Dong
- College of Life SciencesShanxi Normal UniversityNo. 199, South Chang'an Road, Yanta DistrictXi'an710062China
| | - Rong‐Hua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Hui‐Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Feng‐Jun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology and BiochemistryBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Qi Wang
- An Hui Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHefei230032China
| | - Yi‐Qun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Hong‐Mei Ning
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100071China
| | - Cai‐Bo Zhang
- Department of Life SciencesQilu Normal UniversityNo. 2, Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu DistrictJinanShandong250013China
| | - Xiao‐Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
| | - Chang‐Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing102206China
- School of Life SciencesHebei UniversityNo. 180 Wusi Dong Road, Lian Chi DistrictBaoding CityHebei Province071000China
- An Hui Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHefei230032China
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9
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Alwarawrah Y, Danzaki K, Nichols AG, Fee BE, Bock C, Kucera G, Hale LP, Taylor GA, MacIver NJ. Irgm1 regulates metabolism and function in T cell subsets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:850. [PMID: 35039539 PMCID: PMC8763923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity Related GTPases (IRG) are a family of proteins produced during infection that regulate membrane remodeling events in cells, particularly autophagy and mitophagy. The human IRGM gene has been strongly associated with Crohn's disease and other inflammatory diseases through Genome-Wide Association studies. Absence of Irgm1 in mice prompts intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity, and impaired immune control of pathogenic bacteria and protozoa. Although prior work has focused on a prominent role for IRGM/Irgm1 in regulating macrophage function, the work described here addresses a potential role of Irgm1 in regulating the function of mature T cells. Irgm1 was found to be highly expressed in T cells in a manner that varied with the particular T cell subset and increased with activation. Mice with a complete lack of Irgm1, or a conditional lack of Irgm1 specifically in T cells, displayed numerous changes in T cell numbers and function in all subsets examined, including CD4+ (Th1 and Treg) and CD8+ T cells. Related to changes in T cell number, apoptosis was found to be increased in Irgm1-deficient CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Altered T cell metabolism appeared to be a key driver of the phenotypes: Glucose metabolism and glycolysis were increased in Irgm1-deficient CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and muting these effects with glycolytic inhibitors partially restored T cell function and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Alwarawrah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda G Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian E Fee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cheryl Bock
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gary Kucera
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura P Hale
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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10
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Ghafarkhani M, Avci CB, Rahbarghazi R, Karimi A, Sadeghizadeh M, Zarebkohan A, Bani F. Mild hyperthermia induced by gold nanorods acts as a dual-edge blade in the fate of SH-SY5Y cells via autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23984. [PMID: 34907215 PMCID: PMC8671444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unraveling unwanted side effects of nanotechnology-based therapies like photothermal therapy (PTT) is vital in translational nanomedicine. Herein, we monitored the relationship between autophagic response at the transcriptional level by using a PCR array and tumor formation ability by colony formation assay in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, 48 h after being exposed to two different mild hyperthermia (43 and 48 °C) induced by PTT. In this regard, the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated using immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analyses. Protein levels of Ki-67, P62, and LC3 were measured using ELISA. Our results showed that of 86 genes associated with autophagy, the expression of 54 genes was changed in response to PTT. Also, we showed that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and macroautophagy are stimulated in PTT. Importantly, the results of this study also showed significant changes in genes related to the crosstalk between autophagy, dormancy, and metastatic activity of treated cells. Our findings illustrated that PTT enhances the aggressiveness of cancer cells at 43 °C, in contrast to 48 °C by the regulation of autophagy-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghafarkhani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farhad Bani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Caiado F, Pietras EM, Manz MG. Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212381. [PMID: 34129016 PMCID: PMC8210622 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an evolutionarily selected defense response to infection or tissue damage that involves activation and consumption of immune cells in order to reestablish and maintain organismal integrity. In this process, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are themselves exposed to inflammatory cues and via proliferation and differentiation, replace mature immune cells in a demand-adapted fashion. Here, we review how major sources of systemic inflammation act on and subsequently shape HSC fate and function. We highlight how lifelong inflammatory exposure contributes to HSC inflamm-aging and selection of premalignant HSC clones. Finally, we explore emerging areas of interest and open questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Caiado
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Bousounis P, Bergo V, Trompouki E. Inflammation, Aging and Hematopoiesis: A Complex Relationship. Cells 2021; 10:1386. [PMID: 34199874 PMCID: PMC8227236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All vertebrate blood cells descend from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whose activity and differentiation depend on a complex and incompletely understood relationship with inflammatory signals. Although homeostatic levels of inflammatory signaling play an intricate role in HSC maintenance, activation, proliferation, and differentiation, acute or chronic exposure to inflammation can have deleterious effects on HSC function and self-renewal capacity, and bias their differentiation program. Increased levels of inflammatory signaling are observed during aging, affecting HSCs either directly or indirectly via the bone marrow niche and contributing to their loss of self-renewal capacity, diminished overall functionality, and myeloid differentiation skewing. These changes can have significant pathological consequences. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on the complex interplay between HSCs and inflammatory signaling, and how this relationship contributes to age-related phenotypes. Understanding the mechanisms and outcomes of this interaction during different life stages will have significant implications in the modulation and restoration of the hematopoietic system in human disease, recovery from cancer and chemotherapeutic treatments, stem cell transplantation, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Bousounis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (V.B.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronica Bergo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (V.B.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (V.B.)
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Proteomic and bioinformatic profiling of neutrophils in CLL reveals functional defects that predispose to bacterial infections. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1259-1272. [PMID: 33651101 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) typically suffer from frequent and severe bacterial infections. Although it is well known that neutrophils are critical innate immune cells facilitating the early defense, the underlying phenotypical and functional changes in neutrophils during CLL remain largely elusive. Using a murine adoptive transfer model of CLL, we demonstrate aggravated bacterial burden in CLL-bearing mice upon a urinary tract infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Bioinformatic analyses of the neutrophil proteome revealed increased expression of proteins associated with interferon signaling and decreased protein expression associated with granule composition and neutrophil migration. Functional experiments validated these findings by showing reduced levels of myeloperoxidase and acidification of neutrophil granules after ex vivo phagocytosis of bacteria. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated decreased expression of molecules critical for neutrophil recruitment, and migration of neutrophils into the infected urinary bladder was significantly reduced. These altered migratory properties of neutrophils were also associated with reduced expression of CD62L and CXCR4 and correlated with an increased incidence of infections in patients with CLL. In conclusion, this study describes a molecular signature of neutrophils through proteomic, bioinformatic, and functional analyses that are linked to a reduced migratory ability, potentially leading to increased bacterial infections in patients with CLL.
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14
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Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Zarebkohan A, Shams Z, Radnia F, Bahmanpour Z, Sargazi S, Saravani R, Shirvalilou S, Shahraki O, Shahraki S, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R. An Updated Review on Implications of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Tumorigenesis: Possible Alterations in Autophagy through Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Importance in Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:119-143. [PMID: 33990406 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most commonly recognized as a catabolic pathway, autophagy is a perplexing mechanism through which a living cell can free itself of excess cytoplasmic components, i.e., organelles, by means of certain membranous vesicles or lysosomes filled with degrading enzymes. Upon exposure to external insult or internal stimuli, the cell might opt to activate such a pathway, through which it can gain control over the maintenance of intracellular components and thus sustain homeostasis by intercepting the formation of unnecessary structures or eliminating the already present dysfunctional or inutile organelles. Despite such appropriateness, autophagy might also be considered a frailty for the cell, as it has been said to have a rather complicated role in tumorigenesis. A merit in the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. In fact, several investigations on tumorigenesis have reported diminished levels of autophagic activity in tumor cells, which might result in transition to malignancy. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a seemingly favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies, as it contributes to survival of such cells. Based on the recent literature, this mechanism might also be activated upon the entry of engineered nanomaterials inside a cell, supposedly protecting the host from foreign materials. Accordingly, there is a good chance that therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy in malignant cells using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain treatment modalities, e.g., radiotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the signaling pathways involved in autophagy and the significance of the mechanism itself in apoptosis and tumorigenesis while shedding light on possible alterations in autophagy through engineered nanomaterials and their potential therapeutic applications in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Autophagy has been said to have a complicated role in tumorigenesis. In the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies. This mechanism might be affected upon the entry of nanomaterials inside a cell. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zinat Shams
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Fatemeh Radnia
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
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15
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Chavez JS, Rabe JL, Loeffler D, Higa KC, Hernandez G, Mills TS, Ahmed N, Gessner RL, Ke Z, Idler BM, Niño KE, Kim H, Myers JR, Stevens BM, Davizon-Castillo P, Jordan CT, Nakajima H, Ashton J, Welner RS, Schroeder T, DeGregori J, Pietras EM. PU.1 enforces quiescence and limits hematopoietic stem cell expansion during inflammatory stress. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211996. [PMID: 33857288 PMCID: PMC8056754 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable of entering the cell cycle to replenish the blood system in response to inflammatory cues; however, excessive proliferation in response to chronic inflammation can lead to either HSC attrition or expansion. The mechanism(s) that limit HSC proliferation and expansion triggered by inflammatory signals are poorly defined. Here, we show that long-term HSCs (HSCLT) rapidly repress protein synthesis and cell cycle genes following treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1. This gene program is associated with activation of the transcription factor PU.1 and direct PU.1 binding at repressed target genes. Notably, PU.1 is required to repress cell cycle and protein synthesis genes, and IL-1 exposure triggers aberrant protein synthesis and cell cycle activity in PU.1-deficient HSCs. These features are associated with expansion of phenotypic PU.1-deficient HSCs. Thus, we identify a PU.1-dependent mechanism triggered by innate immune stimulation that limits HSC proliferation and pool size. These findings provide insight into how HSCs maintain homeostasis during inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Chavez
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jennifer L Rabe
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Dirk Loeffler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly C Higa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Giovanny Hernandez
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Taylor S Mills
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Nouraiz Ahmed
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel L Gessner
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Zhonghe Ke
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Beau M Idler
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Katia E Niño
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jason R Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Brett M Stevens
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - John Ashton
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Robert S Welner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James DeGregori
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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16
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Rai P, Janardhan KS, Meacham J, Madenspacher JH, Lin WC, Karmaus PWF, Martinez J, Li QZ, Yan M, Zeng J, Grinstaff MW, Shirihai OS, Taylor GA, Fessler MB. IRGM1 links mitochondrial quality control to autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:312-321. [PMID: 33510463 PMCID: PMC7906953 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities have been noted in lupus, but the causes and consequences remain obscure. Autophagy-related genes ATG5, ATG7 and IRGM have been previously implicated in autoimmune disease. We reasoned that failure to clear defective mitochondria via mitophagy might be a foundational driver in autoimmunity by licensing mitochondrial DNA-dependent induction of type I interferon. Here, we show that mice lacking the GTPase IRGM1 (IRGM homolog) exhibited a type I interferonopathy with autoimmune features. Irgm1 deletion impaired the execution of mitophagy with cell-specific consequences. In fibroblasts, mitochondrial DNA soiling of the cytosol induced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent type I interferon, whereas in macrophages, lysosomal Toll-like receptor 7 was activated. In vivo, Irgm1-/- tissues exhibited mosaic dependency upon nucleic acid receptors. Whereas salivary and lacrimal gland autoimmune pathology was abolished and lung pathology was attenuated by cGAS and STING deletion, pancreatic pathology remained unchanged. These findings reveal fundamental connections between mitochondrial quality control and tissue-selective autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rai
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Kyathanahalli S Janardhan
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Julie Meacham
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer H Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wan-Chi Lin
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Peer W F Karmaus
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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17
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Mapperley C, van de Lagemaat LN, Lawson H, Tavosanis A, Paris J, Campos J, Wotherspoon D, Durko J, Sarapuu A, Choe J, Ivanova I, Krause DS, von Kriegsheim A, Much C, Morgan M, Gregory RI, Mead AJ, O’Carroll D, Kranc KR. The mRNA m6A reader YTHDF2 suppresses proinflammatory pathways and sustains hematopoietic stem cell function. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200829. [PMID: 33156926 PMCID: PMC7653684 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has emerged as an essential regulator of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Inactivation of the m6A mRNA reader YTHDF2, which recognizes m6A-modified transcripts to promote m6A-mRNA degradation, results in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion and compromises acute myeloid leukemia. Here we investigate the long-term impact of YTHDF2 deletion on HSC maintenance and multilineage hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that Ythdf2-deficient HSCs from young mice fail upon serial transplantation, display increased abundance of multiple m6A-modified inflammation-related transcripts, and chronically activate proinflammatory pathways. Consistent with the detrimental consequences of chronic activation of inflammatory pathways in HSCs, hematopoiesis-specific Ythdf2 deficiency results in a progressive myeloid bias, loss of lymphoid potential, HSC expansion, and failure of aged Ythdf2-deficient HSCs to reconstitute multilineage hematopoiesis. Experimentally induced inflammation increases YTHDF2 expression, and YTHDF2 is required to protect HSCs from this insult. Thus, our study positions YTHDF2 as a repressor of inflammatory pathways in HSCs and highlights the significance of m6A in long-term HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mapperley
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louie N. van de Lagemaat
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Lawson
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Tavosanis
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jasmin Paris
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Wotherspoon
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jozef Durko
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Annika Sarapuu
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Junho Choe
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivayla Ivanova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christian Much
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcos Morgan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard I. Gregory
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam J. Mead
- Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Dónal O’Carroll
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kamil R. Kranc
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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18
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Demerdash Y, Kain B, Essers MAG, King KY. Yin and Yang: The dual effects of interferons on hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:1-12. [PMID: 33571568 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are an ancient and well-conserved group of inflammatory cytokines most famous for their role in viral immunity. A decade ago, we discovered that interferons also play an important role in the biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are responsible for lifelong blood production. Though we have learned a great deal about the role of interferons on HSC quiescence, differentiation, and self-renewal, there remains some controversy regarding how interferons impact these stem cells, with differing conclusions depending on experimental models and clinical context. Here, we review the contradictory roles of Type 1 and 2 interferons in hematopoiesis. Specifically, we highlight the roles of interferons in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis, along with short-term and long-term adaptive and maladaptive responses to inflammation. We discuss experimental challenges in the study of these powerful yet short-lived cytokines and strategies to address those challenges. We further review the contribution by interferons to disease states including bone marrow failure and aplastic anemia as well as their therapeutic use to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms and viral infections, including SARS-CoV2. Understanding the opposing effects of interferons on hematopoiesis will elucidate immune responses and bone marrow failure syndromes, and future therapeutic approaches for patients undergoing HSC transplantation or fighting infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Demerdash
- Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bailee Kain
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Marieke A G Essers
- Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany; DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katherine Y King
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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19
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Gomes AC, Saraiva M, Gomes MS. The bone marrow hematopoietic niche and its adaptation to infection. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:37-48. [PMID: 32553581 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is responsible for the formation of all blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow (BM). It is a highly regulated process, in order to adapt its cellular output to changing body requirements. Specific microenvironmental conditions within the BM must exist in order to maintain HSC pluripotency and self-renewal, as well as to ensure appropriate differentiation of progenitor cells towards each hematopoietic lineage. Those conditions were coined "the hematopoietic niche" and their identity in terms of cell types, location and soluble molecular components has been the subject of intense research in the last decades. Infections are one of the environmental challenges to which hematopoiesis must respond, to feed the immune system with functional cell components and compensate for cellular losses. However, how infections impact the bone marrow hematopoietic niche(s) remains elusive and most of the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Here, we review the most recent advances on our knowledge on the hematopoietic niche composition and regulation during homeostasis and also on how the niche responds to infectious stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Inhibition of 15-PGDH Protects Mice from Immune-Mediated Bone Marrow Failure. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:1552-1556. [PMID: 32422251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a human immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome that is treated by stem cell transplantation for patients who have a matched related donor and by immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for those who do not. Responses to IST are variable, with patients still at risk for prolonged neutropenia, transfusion dependence, immune suppression, and severe opportunistic infections. Therefore, additional therapies are needed to accelerate hematologic recovery in patients receiving front-line IST. We have shown that inhibiting 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) with the small molecule SW033291 (PGDHi) increases bone marrow (BM) prostaglandin E2 levels, expands hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers, and accelerates hematologic reconstitution following murine BM transplantation. We now report that in a murine model of immune-mediated BM failure, PGDHi therapy mitigated cytopenias, increased BM HSC and progenitor cell numbers, and significantly extended survival compared with vehicle-treated mice. PGDHi protection was not immune-mediated, as serum IFN-γ levels and BM CD8+ T lymphocyte frequencies were not impacted. Moreover, dual administration of PGDHi plus low-dose IST enhanced total white blood cell, neutrophil, and platelet recovery, achieving responses similar to those seen with maximal-dose IST with lower toxicity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PGDHi can complement IST to accelerate hematologic recovery and reduce morbidity in severe AA.
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21
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Irgm1 knockout indirectly inhibits regeneration after skeletal muscle injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106515. [PMID: 32311672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunity-related GTPase family M1 protein (lRGM1) plays an important role in host resistance to infection, immune inflammation, and tumors, and it is expressed in various tissues and cells, including the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, bone marrow-derived cells, glioma, and melanoma. However, the effect of IRGM1 in the muscles has not been reported to date. In this study, Irgm1-/- mice were used to evaluate the effect of lrgm1 on regeneration after skeletal muscle injury. The tibialis anterior muscle in Irgm1-/- mice was poorly repaired after BaCl2-induced injury, whereas lrgm1 knockout itself had no significant effect on the differentiation of myoblasts. However, the microenvironment of Irgm1-/- mice with a high interferon-gamma level inhibited the differentiation of myoblasts in vivo. These results suggest that lrgm1 knockout indirectly inhibits skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, providing new insights into the biological function of IRGM1.
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22
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Nakagawa MM, Rathinam CV. Constitutive Activation of the Canonical NF-κB Pathway Leads to Bone Marrow Failure and Induction of Erythroid Signature in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2094-2109.e4. [PMID: 30463008 PMCID: PMC6945759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. However, molecular mechanisms through which canonical NF-κB affects hematopoiesis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that deregulated canonical NF-κB signals in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) cause a complete depletion of HSC pool, pancytopenia, bone marrow failure, and premature death. Constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs leads to impaired quiescence and loss of function. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified an induction of “erythroid signature” in HSCs with augmented NF-κB activity. Mechanistic studies indicated a reduction of thrombopoietin (TPO)-mediated signals and its downstream target p57 in HSCs, due to reduced c-MpI expression in a cell-intrinsic manner. Molecular studies established Klf1 as a key suppressor of c-MpI in HSPCs with increased NF-κB. In essence, these studies identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exaggerated canonical NF-κB signals affect HSCs and cause pathophysiology. Nakagawa and Rathinam demonstrate that constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs causes a complete depletion of the HSC pool and impairs HSC functions due to a loss of “sternness” signature and an induction of erythroid signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Marshall Nakagawa
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chozha Vendan Rathinam
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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23
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Divangahi M, Behr MA. Cracking the Vaccine Code in Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:427-432. [PMID: 29045159 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1489pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Divangahi
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,3 Department of Pathology.,4 McGill International TB Centre.,5 McGill University Health Centre, and.,6 Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcel A Behr
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,4 McGill International TB Centre.,5 McGill University Health Centre, and
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24
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Govindarajah V, Reynaud D. Tuning of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment in its Inflammatory Environment. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019; 4:189-200. [PMID: 30705804 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is the cornerstone of a lifelong blood cell production but also contributes to the ability of the hematopoietic system to dynamically respond to environmental challenges. This review summarizes our knowledge about the interaction between HSCs and its inflammatory environment during life and questions how its disruption could affect the health of the hematopoietic system. Recent findings The latest research demonstrates the direct role of inflammatory signals in promoting the emergence of the HSCs during development and in setting their steady-state activity in adults. They indicate that inflammatory patho-physiological conditions or immunological history could shape the structure and biology of the HSC compartment, therefore altering its overall fitness. Summary Through instructive and/or selective mechanisms, the inflammatory environment seems to provide a key homeostatic signal for HSCs. Although the mechanistic basis of this complex interplay remains to be fully understood, its dysregulation has broad consequences on HSC physiology and the development of hematological diseases. As such, developing experimental models that fully recapitulate a normal basal inflammatory state could be essential to fully assess HSC biology in native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Govindarajah
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Damien Reynaud
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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25
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Coers J, Brown HM, Hwang S, Taylor GA. Partners in anti-crime: how interferon-inducible GTPases and autophagy proteins team up in cell-intrinsic host defense. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 54:93-101. [PMID: 29986303 PMCID: PMC6196122 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Once pathogens have breached the mechanical barriers to infection, survived extracellular immunity and successfully invaded host cells, cell-intrinsic immunity becomes the last line of defense to protect the mammalian host against viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Many cell-intrinsic defense programs act as high-precision weapons that specifically target intracellular microbes or cytoplasmic sites of microbial replication while leaving endogenous organelles unharmed. Critical executioners of cell-autonomous immunity include interferon-inducible dynamin-like GTPases and autophagy proteins, which often act cooperatively in locating and antagonizing intracellular pathogens. Here, we discuss possible mechanistic models to account for the functional interactions that occur between these two distinct classes of host defense proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Hailey M Brown
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Seungmin Hwang
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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26
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that participates in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) during development and under homeostatic conditions. IFN-γ also plays a key pathogenic role in several diseases that affect hematopoiesis including aplastic anemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. Recent Findings Studies have shown that increased IFN-γ negatively affects HSC homeostasis, skewing HSC towards differentiation over self-renewal and eventually causing exhaustion of the HSC compartment. Summary Here, we explore the mechanisms by which IFN-γ regulates HSC in both normal and pathological conditions. We focus on the role of IFN-γ signaling in HSC fate decisions, and the transcriptional changes it elicits. Elucidating the mechanisms through which IFN-γ regulates HSCs may lead to new therapeutic options to prevent or treat adverse hematologic effects of the many diseases to which IFN-γ contributes.
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27
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Chiba Y, Mizoguchi I, Hasegawa H, Ohashi M, Orii N, Nagai T, Sugahara M, Miyamoto Y, Xu M, Owaki T, Yoshimoto T. Regulation of myelopoiesis by proinflammatory cytokines in infectious diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1363-1376. [PMID: 29218601 PMCID: PMC11105622 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is hierarchically orchestrated by a very small population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone-marrow niche and are tightly regulated to maintain homeostatic blood production. HSCs are predominantly quiescent, but they enter the cell cycle in response to inflammatory signals evoked by severe systemic infection or injury. Thus, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be activated by pathogen recognition receptors and proinflammatory cytokines to induce emergency myelopoiesis during infection. This emergency myelopoiesis counterbalances the loss of cells and generates lineage-restricted hematopoietic progenitors, eventually replenishing mature myeloid cells to control the infection. Controlled generation of such signals effectively augments host defense, but dysregulated stimulation by these signals is harmful to HSPCs. Such hematopoietic failure often results in blood disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases and hematological malignancies. Recently, we found that interleukin (IL)-27, one of the IL-6/IL-12 family cytokines, has a unique ability to directly act on HSCs and promote their expansion and differentiation into myeloid progenitors. This process resulted in enhanced production of neutrophils by emergency myelopoiesis during the blood-stage mouse malaria infection. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation of myelopoiesis by proinflammatory cytokines including type I and II interferons, IL-6, IL-27, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-1 in infectious diseases.
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Grants
- a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- the Private University Strategic Research Based Support Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Chiba
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Mio Ohashi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Naoko Orii
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Taro Nagai
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miyaka Sugahara
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Owaki
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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28
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NR4A1 and NR4A3 restrict HSC proliferation via reciprocal regulation of C/EBPα and inflammatory signaling. Blood 2018; 131:1081-1093. [PMID: 29343483 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-795757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors have complex, overlapping roles during hematopoietic cell development and also function as tumor suppressors of hematologic malignancies. We previously identified NR4A1 and NR4A3 (NR4A1/3) as functionally redundant suppressors of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development. However, their role in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis remains to be disclosed. Using a conditional Nr4a1/Nr4a3 knockout mouse (CDKO), we show that codepletion of NR4A1/3 promotes acute changes in HSC homeostasis including loss of HSC quiescence, accumulation of oxidative stress, and DNA damage while maintaining stem cell regenerative and differentiation capacity. Molecular profiling of CDKO HSCs revealed widespread upregulation of genetic programs governing cell cycle and inflammation and an aberrant activation of the interferon and NF-κB signaling pathways in the absence of stimuli. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NR4A1/3 restrict HSC proliferation in part through activation of a C/EBPα-driven antiproliferative network by directly binding to a hematopoietic-specific Cebpa enhancer and activating Cebpa transcription. In addition, NR4A1/3 occupy the regulatory regions of NF-κB-regulated inflammatory cytokines, antagonizing the activation of NF-κB signaling. Taken together, our results reveal a novel coordinate control of HSC quiescence by NR4A1/3 through direct activation of C/EBPα and suppression of activation of NF-κB-driven proliferative inflammatory responses.
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29
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Matatall KA, Jeong M, Chen S, Sun D, Chen F, Mo Q, Kimmel M, King KY. Chronic Infection Depletes Hematopoietic Stem Cells through Stress-Induced Terminal Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2584-2595. [PMID: 27926863 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections affect a third of the world's population and can cause bone marrow suppression, a severe condition that increases mortality from infection. To uncover the basis for infection-associated bone marrow suppression, we conducted repeated infection of WT mice with Mycobacterium avium. After 4-6 months, mice became pancytopenic. Their hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were severely depleted and displayed interferon gamma (IFN-γ) signaling-dependent defects in self-renewal. There was no evidence of increased HSPC mobilization or apoptosis. However, consistent with known effects of IFN-γ, transcriptome analysis pointed toward increased myeloid differentiation of HSPCs and revealed the transcription factor Batf2 as a potential mediator of IFN-γ-induced HSPC differentiation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies uncovered a role for Batf2 in myeloid differentiation in both murine and human systems. We thus demonstrate that chronic infection can deplete HSPCs and identify BATF2 as a mediator of infection-induced HSPC terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Matatall
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mira Jeong
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyi Chen
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marek Kimmel
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katherine Y King
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; BCM Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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30
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Praefcke GJK. Regulation of innate immune functions by guanylate-binding proteins. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:237-245. [PMID: 29174633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanylate-binding proteins (GBP) are a family of dynamin-related large GTPases which are expressed in response to interferons and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. GBPs mediate a broad spectrum of innate immune functions against intracellular pathogens ranging from viruses to bacteria and protozoa. Several binding partners for individual GBPs have been identified and several different mechanisms of action have been proposed depending on the organisms, the cell type and the pathogen used. Many of these anti-pathogenic functions of GBPs involve the recruitment to and the subsequent destruction of pathogen containing vacuolar compartments, the assembly of large oligomeric innate immune complexes such as the inflammasome, or the induction of autophagy. Furthermore, GBPs often cooperate with immunity-related GTPases (IRGs), another family of dynamin-related GTPases, to exert their anti-pathogenic function, but since most IRGs have been lost in the evolution of higher primates, the anti-pathogenic function of human GBPs seems to be IRG-independent. GBPs and IRGs share biochemical and structural properties with the other members of the dynamin superfamily such as low nucleotide affinity and a high intrinsic GTPase activity which can be further enhanced by oligomerisation. Furthermore, GBPs and IRGs can interact with lipid membranes. In the case of three human and murine GBP isoforms this interaction is mediated by C-terminal isoprenylation. Based on cell biological studies, and in analogy to the function of other dynamins in membrane scission events, it has been postulated that both GBPs and IRGs might actively disrupt the outer membrane of pathogen-containing vacuole leading to the detection and destruction of the pathogen by the cytosolic innate immune system of the host. Recent evidence, however, indicates that GBPs might rather function by mediating membrane tethering events similar to the dynamin-related atlastin and mitofusin proteins, which mediate fusion of the ER and mitochondria, respectively. The aim of this review is to highlight the current knowledge on the function of GBPs in innate immunity and to combine it with the recent progress in the biochemical characterisation of this protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit J K Praefcke
- Division of Haematology / Transfusion Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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31
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Inflammation: a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell fate in health and disease. Blood 2017; 130:1693-1698. [PMID: 28874349 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-780882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for lifelong production of blood cells. At the same time, they must respond rapidly to acute needs such as infection or injury. Significant interest has emerged in how inflammation regulates HSC fate and how it affects the long-term functionality of HSCs and the blood system as a whole. Here we detail recent advances and unanswered questions at the intersection between inflammation and HSC biology in the contexts of development, aging, and hematological malignancy.
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32
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Umemoto T, Matsuzaki Y, Shiratsuchi Y, Hashimoto M, Yoshimoto T, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Petrich B, Yamato M, Suda T. Integrin αvβ3 enhances the suppressive effect of interferon-γ on hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO J 2017; 36:2390-2403. [PMID: 28673932 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic homeostasis depends on the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are regulated within a specialized bone marrow (BM) niche. When HSC sense external stimuli, their adhesion status may be critical for determining HSC cell fate. The cell surface molecule, integrin αvβ3, is activated through HSC adhesion to extracellular matrix and niche cells. Integrin β3 signaling maintains HSCs within the niche. Here, we showed the synergistic negative regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ) and β3 integrin signaling in murine HSC function by a novel definitive phenotyping of HSCs. Integrin αvβ3 suppressed HSC function in the presence of IFNγ and impaired integrin β3 signaling mitigated IFNγ-dependent negative action on HSCs. During IFNγ stimulation, integrin β3 signaling enhanced STAT1-mediated gene expression via serine phosphorylation. These findings show that integrin β3 signaling intensifies the suppressive effect of IFNγ on HSCs, which indicates that cell adhesion via integrin αvβ3 within the BM niche acts as a context-dependent signal modulator to regulate the HSC function under both steady-state and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Matsuzaki
- International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shiratsuchi
- Institute of Advanced Medical Bioscience and Engineering, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Brian Petrich
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Medical Bioscience and Engineering, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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33
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Schmidt EA, Fee BE, Henry SC, Nichols AG, Shinohara ML, Rathmell JC, MacIver NJ, Coers J, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Taylor GA. Metabolic Alterations Contribute to Enhanced Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Irgm1-deficient Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4651-4662. [PMID: 28154172 PMCID: PMC5377780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) are a family of proteins that are induced by interferon (IFN)-γ and play pivotal roles in immune and inflammatory responses. IRGs ostensibly function as dynamin-like proteins that bind to intracellular membranes and promote remodeling and trafficking of those membranes. Prior studies have shown that loss of Irgm1 in mice leads to increased lethality to bacterial infections as well as enhanced inflammation to non-infectious stimuli; however, the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes are unclear. In the studies reported here, we found that uninfected Irgm1-deficient mice displayed high levels of serum cytokines typifying profound autoinflammation. Similar increases in cytokine production were also seen in cultured, IFN-γ-primed macrophages that lacked Irgm1. A series of metabolic studies indicated that the enhanced cytokine production was associated with marked metabolic changes in the Irgm1-deficient macrophages, including increased glycolysis and an accumulation of long chain acylcarnitines. Cells were exposed to the glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose, or fatty acid synthase inhibitors to perturb the metabolic alterations, which resulted in dampening of the excessive cytokine production. These results suggest that Irgm1 deficiency drives metabolic dysfunction in macrophages in a manner that is cell-autonomous and independent of infectious triggers. This may be a significant contributor to excessive inflammation seen in Irgm1-deficient mice in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian E Fee
- the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina 27705, and
| | - Stanley C Henry
- the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina 27705, and
| | - Amanda G Nichols
- the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- the Department of Immunology
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes
| | - Jörn Coers
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
| | | | - Timothy R Koves
- the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology,
- the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina 27705, and
- the Department of Immunology
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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34
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Clapes T, Lefkopoulos S, Trompouki E. Stress and Non-Stress Roles of Inflammatory Signals during HSC Emergence and Maintenance. Front Immunol 2016; 7:487. [PMID: 27872627 PMCID: PMC5098161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population that gives rise to almost all cells of the hematopoietic system, including immune cells. Until recently, it was thought that immune cells sense inflammatory signaling and HSCs respond only secondarily to these signals. However, it was later shown that adult HSCs could directly sense and respond to inflammatory signals, resulting in a higher output of immune cells. Recent studies demonstrated that inflammatory signaling is also vital for HSC ontogeny. These signals are thought to arise in the absence of pathogens, are active during development, and indispensable for HSC formation. In contrast, during times of stress and disease, inflammatory responses can be activated and can have devastating effects on HSCs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inflammatory signaling in HSC development and maintenance, as well as the endogenous molecular cues that can trigger inflammatory pathway activation. Finally, we comment of the role of inflammatory signaling in hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clapes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Stylianos Lefkopoulos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics , Freiburg , Germany
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35
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Blum S, Martins F, Alberio L. Ruxolitinib in the treatment of polycythemia vera: patient selection and special considerations. J Blood Med 2016; 7:205-215. [PMID: 27729820 PMCID: PMC5042185 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of JAK2 V617F mutation in the mid-2000s started to fill the gap between clinical presentation of polycythemia vera (PV), first described by Vaquez at the end of the 19th century, and spontaneous erythroid colony formation, reported by Prchal and Axelrad in the mid-1970s. The knowledge on this mutation brought an important insight to our understanding of PV pathogenesis and led to a revision of the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria in 2008. JAK-STAT is a major signaling pathway implicated in survival and proliferation of hematopoietic precursors. High prevalence of JAK2 V617F mutation among myeloproliferative neoplasms (>95% in PV and ~50% in primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia) together with its role in constitutively activating JAK-STAT made JAK2 a privileged therapeutic target. Ruxolitinib, a JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor, has already proven to be efficient in relieving symptoms in primary myelofibrosis and PV. In the latter, it also appears to improve microvascular involvement. However, evidence regarding its potential role in altering the natural course of PV and its use as an adjunct to current standard therapies is sparse. Therapeutic advances are needed in PV as phlebotomy, low-dose aspirin, cytoreductive agents, and interferon alpha are the only therapeutic tools available at the moment to influence outcome. Even though several questions are still unanswered, this review aims to serve as an overview article of the potential role of ruxolitinib in PV according to current literature and expert opinion. It should help hematologists to visualize the place of this tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the field of current practice and offer criteria for a careful patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Blum
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, CHUV, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filipe Martins
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, CHUV, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, CHUV, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Pascutti MF, Erkelens MN, Nolte MA. Impact of Viral Infections on Hematopoiesis: From Beneficial to Detrimental Effects on Bone Marrow Output. Front Immunol 2016; 7:364. [PMID: 27695457 PMCID: PMC5025449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the bone marrow (BM) to generate copious amounts of blood cells required on a daily basis depends on a highly orchestrated process of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This process can be rapidly adapted under stress conditions, such as infections, to meet the specific cellular needs of the immune response and the ensuing physiological changes. This requires a tight regulation in order to prevent either hematopoietic failure or transformation. Although adaptation to bacterial infections or systemic inflammation has been studied and reviewed in depth, specific alterations of hematopoiesis to viral infections have received less attention so far. Viruses constantly pose a significant health risk and demand an adequate, balanced response from our immune system, which also affects the BM. In fact, both the virus itself and the ensuing immune response can have a tremendous impact on the hematopoietic process. On one hand, this can be beneficial: it helps to boost the cellular response of the body to resolve the viral infection. But on the other hand, when the virus and the resulting antiviral response persist, the inflammatory feedback to the hematopoietic system will become chronic, which can be detrimental for a balanced BM output. Chronic viral infections frequently have clinical manifestations at the level of blood cell formation, and we summarize which viruses can lead to BM pathologies, like aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, we address specific effects of acute and chronic viral infections on blood cell production. As such, we distinguish four different levels in which this can occur: (1) direct viral infection of HSPCs, (2) viral recognition by HSPCs, (3) indirect effects on HSPCs by inflammatory mediators, and (4) the role of the BM microenvironment on hematopoiesis upon virus infection. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview on how viral infections can affect the formation of new blood cells, aiming to advance our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms to improve the treatment of BM failure in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Pascutti
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martje N. Erkelens
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Nolte
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Smith JNP, Kanwar VS, MacNamara KC. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Regulation by Type I and II Interferons in the Pathogenesis of Acquired Aplastic Anemia. Front Immunol 2016; 7:330. [PMID: 27621733 PMCID: PMC5002897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) occurs when the bone marrow fails to support production of all three lineages of blood cells, which are necessary for tissue oxygenation, infection control, and hemostasis. The etiology of acquired AA is elusive in the vast majority of cases but involves exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which are usually present in the bone marrow in a dormant state, and are responsible for lifelong production of all cells within the hematopoietic system. This destruction is immune mediated and the role of interferons remains incompletely characterized. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) has been associated with AA and type I IFNs (alpha and beta) are well documented to cause bone marrow aplasia during viral infection. In models of infection and inflammation, IFNγ activates HSCs to differentiate and impairs their ability to self-renew, ultimately leading to HSC exhaustion. Recent evidence demonstrating that IFNγ also impacts the HSC microenvironment or niche, raises new questions regarding how IFNγ impairs HSC function in AA. Immune activation can also elicit type I interferons, which may exert effects both distinct from and overlapping with IFNγ on HSCs. IFNα/β increase HSC proliferation in models of sterile inflammation induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and lead to BM aplasia during viral infection. Moreover, patients being treated with IFNα exhibit cytopenias, in part due to BM suppression. Herein, we review the current understanding of how interferons contribute to the pathogenesis of acquired AA, and we explore additional potential mechanisms by which interferons directly and indirectly impair HSCs. A comprehensive understanding of how interferons impact hematopoiesis is necessary in order to identify novel therapeutic approaches for treating AA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne N P Smith
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College , Albany, NY , USA
| | - Vikramjit S Kanwar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Albany Medical Center , Albany, NY , USA
| | - Katherine C MacNamara
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College , Albany, NY , USA
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38
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Walker EC, Johnson RW, Hu Y, Brennan HJ, Poulton IJ, Zhang JG, Jenkins BJ, Smyth GK, Nicola NA, Sims NA. Murine Oncostatin M Acts via Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor to Phosphorylate Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) but Not STAT1, an Effect That Protects Bone Mass. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21703-21716. [PMID: 27539849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) are IL-6 family members with a wide range of biological functions. Human OSM (hOSM) and murine LIF (mLIF) act in mouse cells via a LIF receptor (LIFR)-glycoprotein 130 (gp130) heterodimer. In contrast, murine OSM (mOSM) signals mainly via an OSM receptor (OSMR)-gp130 heterodimer and binds with only very low affinity to mLIFR. hOSM and mLIF stimulate bone remodeling by both reducing osteocytic sclerostin and up-regulating the pro-osteoclastic factor receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts. In the absence of OSMR, mOSM still strongly suppressed sclerostin and stimulated bone formation but did not induce RANKL, suggesting that intracellular signaling activated by the low affinity interaction of mOSM with mLIFR is different from the downstream effects when mLIF or hOSM interacts with the same receptor. Both STAT1 and STAT3 were activated by mOSM in wild type cells or by mLIF/hOSM in wild type and Osmr-/- cells. In contrast, in Osmr-/- primary osteocyte-like cells stimulated with mOSM (therefore acting through mLIFR), microarray expression profiling and Western blotting analysis identified preferential phosphorylation of STAT3 and induction of its target genes but not of STAT1 and its target genes; this correlated with reduced phosphorylation of both gp130 and LIFR. In a mouse model of spontaneous osteopenia caused by hyperactivation of STAT1/3 signaling downstream of gp130 (gp130Y757F/Y757F), STAT1 deletion rescued the osteopenic phenotype, indicating a beneficial effect of promoting STAT3 signaling over STAT1 downstream of gp130 in this low bone mass condition, and this may have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Walker
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Holly J Brennan
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Medical Biology, and
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia, and
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Departments of Mathematics and Statistics
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Medical Biology, and
| | - Natalie A Sims
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia, .,Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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39
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Loss of the interferon-γ-inducible regulatory immunity-related GTPase (IRG), Irgm1, causes activation of effector IRG proteins on lysosomes, damaging lysosomal function and predicting the dramatic susceptibility of Irgm1-deficient mice to infection. BMC Biol 2016; 14:33. [PMID: 27098192 PMCID: PMC4837601 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-inducible immunity-related GTPase (IRG), Irgm1, plays an essential role in restraining activation of the IRG pathogen resistance system. However, the loss of Irgm1 in mice also causes a dramatic but unexplained susceptibility phenotype upon infection with a variety of pathogens, including many not normally controlled by the IRG system. This phenotype is associated with lymphopenia, hemopoietic collapse, and death of the mouse. Results We show that the three regulatory IRG proteins (GMS sub-family), including Irgm1, each of which localizes to distinct sets of endocellular membranes, play an important role during the cellular response to IFN-γ, each protecting specific membranes from off-target activation of effector IRG proteins (GKS sub-family). In the absence of Irgm1, which is localized mainly at lysosomal and Golgi membranes, activated GKS proteins load onto lysosomes, and are associated with reduced lysosomal acidity and failure to process autophagosomes. Another GMS protein, Irgm3, is localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes; in the Irgm3-deficient mouse, activated GKS proteins are found at the ER. The Irgm3-deficient mouse does not show the drastic phenotype of the Irgm1 mouse. In the Irgm1/Irgm3 double knock-out mouse, activated GKS proteins associate with lipid droplets, but not with lysosomes, and the Irgm1/Irgm3−/− does not have the generalized immunodeficiency phenotype expected from its Irgm1 deficiency. Conclusions The membrane targeting properties of the three GMS proteins to specific endocellular membranes prevent accumulation of activated GKS protein effectors on the corresponding membranes and thus enable GKS proteins to distinguish organellar cellular membranes from the membranes of pathogen vacuoles. Our data suggest that the generalized lymphomyeloid collapse that occurs in Irgm1−/− mice upon infection with a variety of pathogens may be due to lysosomal damage caused by off-target activation of GKS proteins on lysosomal membranes and consequent failure of autophagosomal processing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0255-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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40
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Josefsdottir KS, King KY. Interferons coordinate a multifaceted defense. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:6-7. [PMID: 25590754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
While interferons help kill virally infected cells, they can also promote systemic immune responses in distant tissues. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Sun et al. (2015) demonstrate that type I interferon induces intestinal epithelial proliferation. This may help maintain a healthy gut and promote recovery from viral gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla S Josefsdottir
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine Y King
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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41
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King KY, Matatall KA, Shen CC, Goodell MA, Swierczek SI, Prchal JT. Comparative long-term effects of interferon α and hydroxyurea on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:912-918.e2. [PMID: 26072330 PMCID: PMC4592796 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferon α (IFNα) is used clinically to restore polyclonal hematopoiesis in patients with the myeloproliferative neoplasms polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia and to improve chemosensitivity in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. However, the mechanisms by which IFNα affects disease-initiating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) remain poorly understood. Although IFNα has been found to transiently impair quiescence of murine hematopoietic stem cells, its effects on human HSPCs have not been studied in vivo. Here, we compared bone marrow serially obtained from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms before and during pegylated IFNα treatment against marrow serially obtained from patients on hydroxyurea. The percentage of HSPCs actively undergoing cell cycle was increased after pegylated IFNα treatment in a majority of patients compared with hydroxyurea-treated controls, suggesting that IFNα promotes cell division. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling revealed that cell cycle-associated genes were induced, whereas genes involved in HSPC quiescence were repressed during IFNα treatment. Compared with hydroxyurea-treated controls, pegylated IFNα-treated patients had similar numbers of HSPCs, but increased numbers of hematopoietic progenitors as determined by colony formation assay, indicating an increase in myeloid proliferation/differentiation. These effects occurred regardless of JAK2 mutational status. Together, these data provide the first in vivo evidence that pegylated IFNα promotes cell division and differentiation of human HSPCs.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/administration & dosage
- Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Polycythemia Vera/drug therapy
- Polycythemia Vera/genetics
- Polycythemia Vera/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/pathology
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/drug therapy
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/genetics
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/metabolism
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/pathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y King
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Katie A Matatall
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sabina I Swierczek
- Department of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Josef T Prchal
- Department of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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42
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Matatall KA, Shen CC, Challen GA, King KY. Type II interferon promotes differentiation of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3023-30. [PMID: 25078851 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) promotes cell division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without affecting the total HSC number. We postulated that IFNγ stimulates differentiation of HSCs as part of the innate immune response. Here, we report that type II interferon signaling is required, both at baseline and during an animal model of LCMV infection, to maintain normal myeloid development. By separately evaluating myeloid-biased and lymphoid-biased HSC subtypes, we found that myeloid-biased HSCs express higher levels of IFNγ receptor and are specifically activated to divide after recombinant IFNγ exposure in vivo. While both HSC subtypes show increased expression of the transcription factor C/EBPβ after infection, only the myeloid-biased HSCs are transiently depleted from the marrow during the type II interferon-mediated immune response to Mycobacterium avium infection, as measured both functionally and phenotypically. These findings indicate that IFNγ selectively permits differentiation of myeloid-biased HSCs during an innate immune response to infection. This represents the first report of a context and a mechanism for discriminate utilization of the alternate HSC subtypes. Terminal differentiation, at the expense of self-renewal, may compromise HSC populations during states of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Matatall
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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43
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IRGM1 enhances B16 melanoma cell metastasis through PI3K-Rac1 mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26202910 PMCID: PMC4512008 DOI: 10.1038/srep12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers and is well known for its high metastatic rate. Studies have shown that epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for melanoma cell metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT are still not fully understood. We have shown that IRGM1, a member of immunity-related GTPase family that regulates immune cell motility, is highly expressed by melanoma cells. The current study aimed to explore whether and how IRGM1 may regulate melanoma cell metastasis. To test this, we modified IRGM1 expression in B16 melanoma cells. We found that over-expression of IRGM1 substantially enhanced pulmonary metastasis in vivo. In keeping with that, knocking-in IRGM1 strongly enhanced while knocking-down IRGM1 impaired B16 cell migration and invasion ability in vitro. Interestingly, we observed that IRGM1 enhanced F-actin polymerization and triggers epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) through a mechanism involved in PIK3CA mediated Rac1 activation. Together, these data reveals a novel molecular mechanism that involved in melanoma metastasis.
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44
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Sawamiphak S, Kontarakis Z, Stainier DYR. Interferon gamma signaling positively regulates hematopoietic stem cell emergence. Dev Cell 2015; 31:640-53. [PMID: 25490269 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region from "hemogenic" endothelium. Here we show that the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and its receptor Crfb17 positively regulate HSC development in zebrafish. This regulation does not appear to modulate the proliferation or survival of HSCs or endothelial cells, but rather the endothelial-to-HSC transition. Notch signaling and blood flow positively regulate the expression of ifng and crfb17 in the AGM. Notably, IFN-γ overexpression partially rescues the HSC loss observed in the absence of blood flow or Notch signaling. Importantly, IFN-γ signaling acts cell autonomously to control the endothelial-to-HSC transition. IFN-γ activates Stat3, an atypical transducer of IFN-γ signaling, in the AGM, and Stat3 inhibition decreases HSC formation. Together, our findings uncover a developmental role for an inflammatory cytokine and place its action downstream of Notch signaling and blood flow to control Stat3 activation and HSC emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.
| | - Zacharias Kontarakis
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.
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45
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Nakagawa MM, Thummar K, Mandelbaum J, Pasqualucci L, Rathinam CV. Lack of the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 results in loss of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:203-16. [PMID: 25624445 PMCID: PMC4322050 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 in the hematopoietic system causes anemia, lymphopenia, and postnatal lethality as the result of defective hematopoietic stem cell function. A balance between quiescence and proliferation is critical for proper maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool. Although a lot is known about hematopoiesis, molecular mechanisms that control HSC quiescence remain largely unknown. The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 functions as a central regulator of inflammation and adaptive immunity. Here, we show that a deficiency of A20 in the hematopoietic system causes anemia, lymphopenia, and postnatal lethality. Lack of A20 in HSCs results in diminished pool size, impaired radioprotection, defective repopulation, and loss of quiescence. A20-deficient HSCs display increased IFN-γ signaling, caused by augmented NF-κB activation. Strikingly, deletion of both IFN-γ and A20 in hematopoietic cells results in partial rescue of the HSC phenotype. We anticipate that our experiments will facilitate the understanding of mechanisms through which A20-mediated inflammatory signals control HSC quiescence and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Marshall Nakagawa
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Keyur Thummar
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jonathan Mandelbaum
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Chozha Vendan Rathinam
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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46
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Sun L, Miyoshi H, Origanti S, Nice TJ, Barger AC, Manieri NA, Fogel LA, French AR, Piwnica-Worms D, Piwnica-Worms H, Virgin HW, Lenschow DJ, Stappenbeck TS. Type I interferons link viral infection to enhanced epithelial turnover and repair. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:85-97. [PMID: 25482432 PMCID: PMC4297260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The host immune system functions constantly to maintain chronic commensal and pathogenic organisms in check. The consequences of these immune responses on host physiology are as yet unexplored, and may have long-term implications in health and disease. We show that chronic viral infection increases epithelial turnover in multiple tissues, and the antiviral cytokines type I interferons (IFNs) mediate this response. Using a murine model with persistently elevated type I IFNs in the absence of exogenous viral infection, the Irgm1(-/-) mouse, we demonstrate that type I IFNs act through nonepithelial cells, including macrophages, to promote increased epithelial turnover and wound repair. Downstream of type I IFN signaling, the highly related IFN-stimulated genes Apolipoprotein L9a and b activate epithelial proliferation through ERK activation. Our findings demonstrate that the host immune response to chronic viral infection has systemic effects on epithelial turnover through a myeloid-epithelial circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sofia Origanti
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexandra C Barger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicholas A Manieri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leslie A Fogel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anthony R French
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Escobar G, Moi D, Ranghetti A, Ozkal-Baydin P, Squadrito ML, Kajaste-Rudnitski A, Bondanza A, Gentner B, De Palma M, Mazzieri R, Naldini L. Genetic engineering of hematopoiesis for targeted IFN-α delivery inhibits breast cancer progression. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:217ra3. [PMID: 24382895 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents a major hurdle to cancer therapy. We developed a gene transfer strategy into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to target transgene expression to tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. Using a combination of transcriptional and microRNA-mediated control, we achieved selective expression of an interferon-α (IFN-α) transgene in differentiated monocytes of human hematochimeric mice. We show that IFN-α transgene expression does not impair engraftment and long-term multilineage repopulation of NSG (NOD/LtSz-scidIL2Rγ(null)) mice by transplanted human HSCs. By providing a source of human cytokines in the mice, we improved the functional reconstitution of human myeloid, natural killer, and T cell lineages, and achieved enhanced immune-mediated clearance of transplanted human breast tumors when hematopoiesis was engineered for tumor-targeted IFN-α expression. By applying our strategy to mouse breast cancer models, we achieved inhibition of tumor progression and experimental metastases in an autologous setting, likely through enhanced generation of effector T cells and their recruitment to the neoplastic tissues. By forcing IFN-α expression in tumor-infiltrating macrophages, we blunted their innate protumoral activity and reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment toward more effective dendritic cell activation and immune effector cell cytotoxicity. Overall, our studies validate the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic potential of a new cancer gene therapy strategy, and open the way to test this approach as adjuvant therapy in advanced breast cancer patients.
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines: emerging players regulating HSC function in normal and diseased hematopoiesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:248-54. [PMID: 25149680 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the hierarchical process in which all lineages of blood cells are produced by self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM). While the regulatory factors that maintain proper HSC function and lineage output under normal conditions are well understood, significantly less is known about how HSC fate is regulated in response to inflammation or disease. As many blood disorders are associated with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, significant interest has emerged in understanding the impact of these factors on HSC function. In this review we highlight key advances demonstrating the impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the biology of HSCs and the BM niche, and address ongoing questions regarding their role in normal and pathogenic hematopoiesis.
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Datta S, Parajuli N, Tymoszuk P, Ottina E, Parson W, Sgonc R, Villunger A, Doppler W. Replenishment of the B cell compartment after doxorubicin-induced hematopoietic toxicity is facilitated by STAT1. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:853-66. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Henry SC, Schmidt EA, Fessler MB, Taylor GA. Palmitoylation of the immunity related GTPase, Irgm1: impact on membrane localization and ability to promote mitochondrial fission. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95021. [PMID: 24751652 PMCID: PMC3994021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Immunity-Related GTPases (IRG) are a family of large GTPases that mediate innate immune responses. Irgm1 is particularly critical for immunity to bacteria and protozoa, and for inflammatory homeostasis in the intestine. Although precise functions for Irgm1 have not been identified, prior studies have suggested roles in autophagy/mitophagy, phagosome remodeling, cell motility, and regulating the activity of other IRG proteins. These functions ostensibly hinge on the ability of Irgm1 to localize to intracellular membranes, such as those of the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Previously, it has been shown that an amphipathic helix, the αK helix, in the C-terminal portion of the protein partially mediates membrane binding. However, in absence of αK, there is still substantial binding of Irgm1 to cellular membranes, suggesting the presence of other membrane binding motifs. In the current work, an additional membrane localization motif was found in the form of palmitoylation at a cluster of cysteines near the αK. An Irgm1 mutant possessing alanine to cysteine substitutions at these amino acids demonstrated little residual palmitoylation, yet it displayed only a small decrease in localization to the Golgi and mitochondria. In contrast, a mutant containing the palmitoylation mutations in combination with mutations disrupting the amphipathic character of the αK displayed a complete loss of apparent localization to the Golgi and mitochondria, as well as an overall loss of association with cellular membranes in general. Additionally, Irgm1 was found to promote mitochondrial fission, and this function was undermined in Irgm1 mutants lacking the palmitoylation domain, and to a greater extent in those lacking the αK, or the αK and palmitoylation domains combined. Our data suggest that palmitoylation together with the αK helix firmly anchor Irgm1 in the Golgi and mitochondria, thus facilitating function of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C. Henry
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elyse A. Schmidt
- Departments of Medicine; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; and Immunology; Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Fessler
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; and Immunology; Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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