1
|
Zhang IW, Lurje I, Lurje G, Knosalla C, Schoenrath F, Tacke F, Engelmann C. Combined Organ Transplantation in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:369-382. [PMID: 39053507 PMCID: PMC11449526 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Transplantation of the liver in combination with other organs is an increasingly performed procedure. Over the years, continuous improvement in survival could be realized through careful patient selection and refined organ preservation techniques, in spite of the challenges posed by aging recipients and donors, as well as the increased use of steatotic liver grafts. Herein, we revisit the epidemiology, allocation policies in different transplant zones, indications, and outcomes with regard to simultaneous organ transplants involving the liver, that is combined heart-liver, liver-lung, liver-kidney, and multivisceral transplantation. We address challenges surrounding combined organ transplantation such as equity, utility, and logistics of dual organ implantation, but also advantages that come along with combined transplantation, thereby focusing on molecular mechanisms underlying immunoprotection provided by the liver to the other allografts. In addition, the current standing and knowledge of machine perfusion in combined organ transplantation, mostly based on center experience, will be reviewed. Notwithstanding all the technical advances, shortage of organs, and the lack of universal eligibility criteria for certain multi-organ combinations are hurdles that need to be tackled in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Lurje
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Schoenrath
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wiley KS, Kwon D, Knorr DA, Fox MM. Regulatory T-cell phenotypes in prenatal psychological distress. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:62-69. [PMID: 38016492 PMCID: PMC11402516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiencing symptoms of psychological distress during pregnancy is common and has been linked to dysregulated immune functioning. In this context, immunoregulatory function is especially relevant because of its crucial role in establishment and maintenance of healthy pregnancy. However, little research has examined associations between women's prenatal psychological distress and immunoregulatory biomarkers. We investigated how symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress relate to circulating levels of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant Latina women were assessed at around 12 weeks of pregnancy (N = 82). These assessments included blood draws and self-report questionnaires assessing symptoms of depression, state anxiety, pregnancy-related anxiety, and perceived stress. Flow cytometry on PBMCs was used to quantify circulating Tregs, defined as CD3+CD4+CD25hiCD127loFoxP3+, and subpopulations positive for one of the following intra- or extracellular markers, CD45RA, CTLA-4, Helios, PD-1, TIM-3, and TIGIT. We collected 82 samples at 12 weeks. Multivariable linear regressions tested for associations between symptoms of psychological distress and Treg concentrations, adjusted for gestational age. RESULTS State anxiety symptoms at 12 weeks were negatively associated with parent Treg cell levels (b = -4.02, p = 0.023) and subpopulations Helios+ (b = -3.29, p = 0.019) and TIM3+ (b = -3.17, p = 0.008). Perceived stress was negatively associated with the PD-1+ subpopulation at 12 weeks (b = -4.02, p = 0.023). Depression was not related to Tregs or the subpopulations. CONCLUSION Our observation that symptoms of anxiety and stress are related to tolerogenic immunology suggests a possible biomechanism explaining correlations of maternal mood disorders with adverse outcomes for mothers and offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Wiley
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Dayoon Kwon
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Delaney A Knorr
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Molly M Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santosh Nirmala S, Kayani K, Gliwiński M, Hu Y, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Piotrowska-Mieczkowska M, Sakowska J, Tomaszewicz M, Marín Morales JM, Lakshmi K, Marek-Trzonkowska NM, Trzonkowski P, Oo YH, Fuchs A. Beyond FOXP3: a 20-year journey unravelling human regulatory T-cell heterogeneity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321228. [PMID: 38283365 PMCID: PMC10811018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The initial idea of a distinct group of T-cells responsible for suppressing immune responses was first postulated half a century ago. However, it is only in the last three decades that we have identified what we now term regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and subsequently elucidated and crystallized our understanding of them. Human Tregs have emerged as essential to immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases and are typically contemporaneously characterized by their CD3+CD4+CD25high CD127lowFOXP3+ phenotype. It is important to note that FOXP3+ Tregs exhibit substantial diversity in their origin, phenotypic characteristics, and function. Identifying reliable markers is crucial to the accurate identification, quantification, and assessment of Tregs in health and disease, as well as the enrichment and expansion of viable cells for adoptive cell therapy. In our comprehensive review, we address the contributions of various markers identified in the last two decades since the master transcriptional factor FOXP3 was identified in establishing and enriching purity, lineage stability, tissue homing and suppressive proficiency in CD4+ Tregs. Additionally, our review delves into recent breakthroughs in innovative Treg-based therapies, underscoring the significance of distinct markers in their therapeutic utilization. Understanding Treg subsets holds the key to effectively harnessing human Tregs for immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayani Kayani
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Academic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Renal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Gliwiński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yueyuan Hu
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Tomaszewicz
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Kavitha Lakshmi
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Advanced Cellular Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network - Rare Liver Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Fuchs
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bi Y, Kong R, Peng Y, Yu H, Zhou Z. Umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood-derived regulatory T cells therapy: Progress in type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109716. [PMID: 37544491 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key regulators for the inflammatory response and play a role in maintaining the immune tolerance. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a relatively common autoimmune disease that results from the loss of immune tolerance to β-cell-associated antigens. Preclinical models have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of Tregs given in transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases such as T1D. Adoptive transfer of Tregs has been utilized in clinical trials for over a decade. However, the achievement of the adoptive transfer of Tregs therapy in clinical application remains challenging. In this review, we highlight the characterization of Tregs and compare the differences between umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood-derived Tregs. Additionally, we summarize conditional modifications in the expansion of Tregs in clinical trials, especially for the treatment of T1D. Finally, we discuss the existing technical challenges for Tregs in clinical trials for the treatment of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Kong
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yani Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vaikunthanathan T, Landmann E, Correa DM, Romano M, Trevelin SC, Peng Q, Crespo E, Corrado M, Lozano JJ, Pearce EL, Perpinan E, Zoccarato A, Siew L, Edwards-Hicks J, Khan R, Luu NT, Thursz MR, Newsome PN, Martinez-Llordella M, Shah N, Lechler RI, Shah AM, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Lombardi G, Safinia N. Dysregulated anti-oxidant signalling and compromised mitochondrial integrity negatively influence regulatory T cell function and viability in liver disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104778. [PMID: 37657135 PMCID: PMC10480539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are key pathogenic drivers of chronic inflammatory diseases such as liver cirrhosis (LC). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to prevent excessive immune activation and maintain tissue homeostasis. While inflammatory cues are well known to modulate the function and stability of Tregs, the extent to which Tregs are influenced by oxidative stress has not been fully explored. METHODS The phenotypic and functional properties of CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- Tregs isolated from patients with LC were compared to healthy controls (HC). Treg redox state was investigated by characterizing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) activity, mitochondrial function, morphology, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) antioxidant signalling. The relevance of Nrf2 and its downstream target, Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in Treg function, stability, and survival, was further assessed using mouse models and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HO-1 knock-out. FINDINGS Circulating Tregs from LC patients displayed a reduced suppressive function, correlating with liver disease severity, associated with phenotypic abnormalities and increased apoptosis. Mechanistically, this was linked to a dysregulated Nrf2 signalling with resultant lower levels of HO-1, enhanced Nox2 activation, and impaired mitochondrial respiration and integrity. The functional deficit in LC Tregs could be partially recapitulated by culturing control Tregs in patient sera. INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal that Tregs rely on functional redox homeostasis for their function, stability, and survival. Targeting Treg specific anti-oxidant pathways may have therapeutic potential to reverse the Treg impairment in conditions of oxidative damage such as advanced liver disease. FUNDING This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (211113/A/18/Z).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trishan Vaikunthanathan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Emmanuelle Landmann
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Diana Marin Correa
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Romano
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Qi Peng
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Elena Crespo
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Juan-José Lozano
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph Stelzmannstrasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Calle Rossello 153 Bajos, O8036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Perpinan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology & Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Leonard Siew
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Reenam Khan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nguyet-Thin Luu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Institute of Liver Sciences, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marc Martinez-Llordella
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Naina Shah
- James Black Centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert I Lechler
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology & Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Niloufar Safinia
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morina L, Jones ME, Oguz C, Kaplan MJ, Gangaplara A, Fitzhugh CD, Kanakry CG, Shevach EM, Buszko M. Co-expression of Foxp3 and Helios facilitates the identification of human T regulatory cells in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114780. [PMID: 37350974 PMCID: PMC10282999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3 is regarded as the major transcription factor for T regulatory (Treg) cells and expression of Foxp3 is used to identify and quantitate Treg cells in mouse models. However, several studies have demonstrated that human CD4+ T conventional (Tconv) cells activated in vitro by T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation can express Foxp3. This observation has raised doubt as to the suitability of Foxp3 as a Treg marker in man. Helios, a member of the Ikaros gene family, has been shown to be expressed by 80-90% of human Foxp3+ Treg cells and can potentially serve as a marker of human Treg. Here, we confirm that Foxp3 expression is readily upregulated by Tconv upon TCR stimulation in vitro, while Helios expression is not altered. More importantly, we show that Foxp3 expression is not elevated by stimulation of hTconv in a humanized mouse model of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and in patients with a wide variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases including sickle cell disease, acute and chronic GVHD, systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as critical COVID-19. In all patients studied, an excellent correlation was observed between the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing Foxp3 and the percentage expressing Helios. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Foxp3 is not induced upon Tconv cell activation in vivo and that Foxp3 expression alone can be used to quantitate Treg cells in humans. Nevertheless, the combined use of Foxp3 and Helios expression provides a more reliable approach for the characterization of Treg in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyra Morina
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Madalyn E. Jones
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cihan Oguz
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Axle Informatics, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Laboratory of Early Sickle Mortality, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Courtney D. Fitzhugh
- Laboratory of Early Sickle Mortality, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher G. Kanakry
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ethan M. Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maja Buszko
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
TIGIT-Fc Prolongs Corneal Allograft Survival in Mice by Upregulating TIGIT/CD226 Expression and the Proportion of Helios + Foxp3 + Treg Cells. Transplantation 2023; 107:372-381. [PMID: 35876368 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of graft rejection remains key issue for supporting long-term graft retention after corneal transplantation. The relevance of Treg in reduction of corneal allografts rejection has been demonstrated. It has been recently reported that in addition to Foxp3, Helios is also considered to be a marker of activated Treg. Helios + Foxp3 + Treg are considered to be the true immunosuppressive Treg. TIGIT is an immunosuppressive costimulatory molecule that was found to be highly expressed on the surface of Helios + Foxp3 + Treg. METHODS In this study, we aimed to explore whether supplementing TIGIT would result in an expansion and activation of Helios + Foxp3 + Treg thus to mediate an immune tolerance following corneal transplantation by administering topically and systemically TIGIT-Fc treatment in murine models. RESULTS TIGIT-Fc treatment significantly improved the survival of corneal allograft compared with the control group. TIGIT-Fc treatment increased TIGIT/CD226 expression, the proportion of Helios + Foxp3 + Treg cells and an enhanced ex vivo suppressive effect from peripheral lymph nodes isolated Treg cells. Furthermore, the expression of Helios in corneal grafts was upregulated, whereas expression of CD226 and production of aqueous interferon-γ and VEGF were reduced by TIGIT-Fc treatment. CONCLUSIONS TIGIT-Fc treatment could specifically upregulate Helios + Foxp3 + Treg-mediated immune response after allogeneic corneal transplantation via TIGIT/CD226-CD155 pathway which improves the survival of allografts.
Collapse
|
8
|
López-Nevado M, Ortiz-Martín J, Serrano C, Pérez-Saez MA, López-Lorenzo JL, Gil-Etayo FJ, Rodríguez-Frías E, Cabrera-Marante O, Morales-Pérez P, Rodríguez-Pinilla MS, Manso R, Salgado-Sánchez RN, Cerdá-Montagud A, Quesada-Espinosa JF, Gómez-Rodríguez MJ, Paz-Artal E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Arranz-Sáez R, Allende LM. Novel Germline TET2 Mutations in Two Unrelated Patients with Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome-Like Phenotype and Hematologic Malignancy. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:165-180. [PMID: 36066697 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 gene (TET2) have been associated to hematologic malignancies. More recently, biallelic, and monoallelic germline mutations conferring susceptibility to lymphoid and myeloid cancer have been described. We report two unrelated autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-like patients who presented with T-cell lymphoma associated with novel germline biallelic or monoallelic mutations in the TET2 gene. Both patients presented a history of chronic lymphoproliferation with lymphadenopathies and splenomegaly, cytopenias, and immune dysregulation. We identified the first compound heterozygous patient for TET2 mutations (P1) and the first ALPS-like patient with a monoallelic TET2 mutation (P2). P1 had the most severe form of autosomal recessive disease due to TET2 loss of function resulting in absent TET2 expression and profound increase in DNA methylation. Additionally, the immunophenotype showed some alterations in innate and adaptive immune system as inverted myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells ratio, elevated terminally differentiated effector memory CD8 + T-cells re-expressing CD45RA, regulatory T-cells, and Th2 circulating follicular T-cells. Double-negative T-cells, vitamin B12, and IL-10 were elevated according to the ALPS-like suspicion. Interestingly, the healthy P1's brother carried a TET2 mutation and presented some markers of immune dysregulation. P2 showed elevated vitamin B12, hypergammaglobulinemia, and decreased HDL levels. Therefore, novel molecular defects in TET2 confirm and expand both clinical and immunological phenotype, contributing to a better knowledge of the bridge between cancer and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Nevado
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Cristina Serrano
- Immunology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pérez-Saez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L López-Lorenzo
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Gil-Etayo
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgar Rodríguez-Frías
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabrera-Marante
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Morales-Pérez
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Manso
- Pathology Department, Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cerdá-Montagud
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Quesada-Espinosa
- Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- UDisGen (Unidad de Dismorfología Y Genética), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Gómez-Rodríguez
- Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- UDisGen (Unidad de Dismorfología Y Genética), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, University Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reyes Arranz-Sáez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Allende
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benamar M, Chen Q, Wang M, Chan TMF, Chatila TA. CPHEN-016: Comprehensive phenotyping of human regulatory T cells. Cytometry A 2022; 101:1006-1011. [PMID: 36165514 PMCID: PMC10031414 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral immunological tolerance is mainly maintained by regulatory T (Treg) cells, a specific CD4 T cells subset that expresses the transcription factor Foxp3. Treg cells are crucial to control autoimmunity and inflammation and to limit tissue destruction arising from inflammatory responses. Loss of functions mutations in FOXP3 in humans induces a fatal autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorder, known as Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX). Specific Treg cell differentiation and activation states have been linked to several human diseases. Indeed, Treg cells play a crucial role in different diseases including colitis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmunity, and infection. Characterization of Treg cell functions and understanding the role of different Treg cell subsets are crucial to the development of novel Treg cell-specific therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. In this phenotype report, we will describe laboratory methods to effectively study and characterize human Treg cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence to: Mehdi Benamar
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muyun Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsz Man Fion Chan
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Talal A. Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen Q, Benamar M, Chan TMF, Wang M, Chatila TA. CPHEN-014: Comprehensive phenotyping of mouse regulatory T cells relevant to viral infections. Cytometry A 2022; 101:1000-1005. [PMID: 35593538 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that enforce peripheral immune tolerance. Treg cells act to suppress exuberant immune responses, limit inflammation, and promote tissue repair, thereby maintaining homeostasis and tolerance to self-antigens and those of the commensal microbial flora. Treg cells are characterized by the expression of the master regulator Foxp3, which plays a major role in Treg cells development and function. Under inflammatory conditions, Foxp3+ Treg cells may acquire effector T cell programs that modify their phenotype and function, reflecting their plasticity. During microbial infections, Treg cells act to limit the immunopathology triggered by the host immune response to pathogens albeit at the potential risk of pathogen persistence. In this review, we will discuss the influence of Treg cells on the outcome of viral infection and will give an overview of the Treg phenotype at steady-state and in inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsz Man Fion Chan
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muyun Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma RK, Sharma J, Kumar R, Badal D, Pattekar A, Sehgal S, Gupta A, Jain P, Sachdeva N. TLR9 signalling activation via direct ligation and its functional consequences in CD4 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13214. [PMID: 37406035 PMCID: PMC9788197 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are established TLR9 ligands; however, their functional responses in CD4+ T cells are believed to be independent of TLR9 and MyD88. We studied ligand-receptor interactions of ODN 2216 and TLR9 in human CD4+ T cells and assessed their consequences in terms of TLR9 signalling and cell phenotype. We demonstrated that the uptake of ODN 2216, a synthetic TLR9 agonist, is controlled by TLR9 signalling molecules and results in an increase in the expression of TLR9 signalling molecules, regulated via a feedback mechanism. Next, the uptake of ODN 2216 resulted in TLR9 signalling dependent but MyD88 independent increase in expression of TGF-β. Finally, ODN 2216 treated CD4+ T cells showed an anti-inflammatory phenotype that was similar to Th3 type of regulatory T cells. These Th3-like cells were able to suppress the proliferation of untreated CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate a direct and interdependent relationship between ODN 2216 uptake and TLR9 signalling in CD4+ T cells. Our findings thus pave the way for future research to explore direct modulation of adaptive immune cells, using innate immune ligands, to subvert exaggerated inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sharma
- Advanced Eye CentrePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Advanced Eye CentrePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Darshan Badal
- Department of EndocrinologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shobha Sehgal
- Department of ImmunopathologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Amod Gupta
- Advanced Eye CentrePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of EndocrinologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsuda M, Terada T, Kitatani K, Kawata R, Nabe T. Roles of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells in allergen-specific immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:981126. [PMID: 35991310 PMCID: PMC9381954 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.981126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causative treatment for allergic diseases by modification of the immune response to allergens. A key feature of AIT is to induce immunotolerance to allergens by generating antigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells in allergic patients. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)-expressing Treg cells are well known among Treg cell subsets. Foxp3 was identified as a master transcription factor of Treg cells, and its expression is necessary for their suppressive activity. In contrast to Foxp3+ Treg cells, the master transcription factor of Tr1 cells has not been elucidated. Nevertheless, Tr1 cells are generally considered as a distinct subset of Treg cells induced in the periphery during antigen exposure in tolerogenic conditions and can produce large amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, followed by down-regulation of the function of effector immune cells independently of Foxp3 expression. Since the discovery of Tr1 cells more than 20 years ago, research on Tr1 cells has expanded our understanding of the mechanism of AIT. Although the direct precursors and true identity of these cells continues to be disputed, we and others have demonstrated that Tr1 cells are induced in the periphery by AIT, and the induced cells are re-activated by antigens, followed by suppression of allergic symptoms. In this review, we discuss the immune mechanisms for the induction of Tr1 cells by AIT and the immune-suppressive roles of Tr1 cells in AIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Matsuda
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
- Correspondence: Takeshi Nabe
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yahsi B, Gunaydin G. Immunometabolism - The Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886822. [PMID: 35812393 PMCID: PMC9259854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism has been the focus of extensive research over the last years, especially in terms of augmenting anti-tumor immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ T cells, which have been known for their immunosuppressive roles in various conditions including anti-tumor immune responses. Even though several studies aimed to target Tregs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such approaches generally result in the inhibition of the Tregs non-specifically, which may cause immunopathologies such as autoimmunity. Therefore, specifically targeting the Tregs in the TME would be vital in terms of achieving a successful and specific treatment. Recently, an association between Tregs and isoleucine, which represents one type of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), has been demonstrated. The presence of isoleucine seems to affect majorly Tregs, rather than conventional T cells. Considering the fact that Tregs bear several distinct metabolic features in the TME, targeting their immunometabolic pathways may be a rational approach. In this Review, we provide a general overview on the potential distinct metabolic features of T cells, especially focusing on BCAAs in Tregs as well as in their subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Yahsi
- School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen W, Huang W, Xue Y, Chen Y, Qian W, Ma J, August A, Wang J, Zheng SG, Lin J. Neuropilin-1 Identifies a New Subpopulation of TGF-β-Induced Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells With Potent Suppressive Function and Enhanced Stability During Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900139. [PMID: 35603221 PMCID: PMC9114772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in preventing autoimmunity and inflammation. There are naturally-derived in the thymus (tTreg), generated extrathymically in the periphery (pTreg), and induced in vitro culture (iTreg) with different characteristics of suppressiveness, stability, and plasticity. There is an abundance of published data on neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) as a tTreg marker, but little data exist on iTreg. The fidelity of Nrp-1 as a tTreg marker and its role in iTreg remains to be explored. This study found that Nrp-1 was expressed by a subset of Foxp3+CD4+T cells in the central and peripheral lymphoid organs in intact mice, as well as in iTreg. Nrp-1+iTreg and Nrp-1-iTreg were adoptively transferred into a T cell-mediated colitis model to determine their ability to suppress inflammation. Differences in gene expression between Nrp-1+ and Nrp-1-iTreg were analyzed by RNA sequencing. We demonstrated that the Nrp-1+ subset of the iTreg exhibited enhanced suppressive function and stability compared to the Nrp-1- counterpart both in vivo and in vitro, partly depending on IL-10. We found that Nrp-1 is not an exclusive marker of tTreg, however, it is a biomarker identifying a new subset of iTreg with enhanced suppressive function, implicating a potential for Nrp-1+iTreg cell therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, LA, United States
| | - Youqiu Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Division of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jilin Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Avery August
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, LA, United States
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lam AJ, Uday P, Gillies JK, Levings MK. Helios is a marker, not a driver, of human Treg stability. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:75-84. [PMID: 34561855 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treg therapy holds promise as a potentially curative approach to establish immune tolerance in transplantation and autoimmune disease. An outstanding question is whether therapeutic Tregs have the potential to transdifferentiate into effector T-cells and, thus, exacerbate rather than suppress immune responses. In mice, the transcription factor Helios is thought to promote Treg lineage stability in a range of inflammatory contexts. In humans, the role of Helios in Tregs is less clear, in part, due to the inability to enrich and study subsets of Helios-positive versus Helios-negative Tregs. Using an in vitro expansion system, we found that loss of high Helios expression and emergence of an intermediate Helios (Heliosmid )-expressing population correlated with Treg destabilization. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to genetically ablate Helios expression in human naive or memory Tregs and found that Helios-KO and unedited Tregs were equivalent in their suppressive function and stability in inflammation. Thus, high Helios expression is a marker, but not a driver, of human Treg stability in vitro. These data highlight the importance of monitoring Helios expression in therapeutic Treg manufacturing and provide new insight into the biological function of this transcription factor in human T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avery J Lam
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Prakruti Uday
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jana K Gillies
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coexpression of Helios in Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells and Its Role in Human Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5574472. [PMID: 34257746 PMCID: PMC8245237 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the Foxp3 transcription factor are indispensable for the maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Tregs may lose Foxp3 expression or be reprogrammed into cells that produce proinflammatory cytokines, for example, Th1-like Tregs, Th2-like Tregs, Th17-like Tregs, and Tfh-like Tregs. Accordingly, selective therapeutic molecules that manipulate Treg lineage stability and/or functional activity might have the potential to improve aberrant immune responses in human disorders. In particular, the transcription factor Helios has emerged as an important marker and modulator of Tregs. Therefore, the current review focuses on recent findings on the expression, function, and mechanisms of Helios, as well as the patterns of Foxp3+ Tregs coexpressing Helios in various human disorders, in order to explore the potential of Helios for the improvement of many immune-related diseases. The studies were selected from PubMed using the library of the Nanjing Medical University in this review. The findings of the included studies indicate that Helios expression stabilizes the phenotype and function of Foxp3+ Tregs in certain inflammatory environments. Further, Tregs coexpressing Helios and Foxp3 were identified as a specific phenotype of stronger suppressor immune cells in both humans and animal models. Importantly, there is ample evidence that Helios-expressing Foxp3+ Tregs are relevant to various human disorders, including connective tissue diseases, infectious diseases, solid organ transplantation-related immunity, and cancer. Thus, Helios+Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs could be a valuable target in human diseases, and their potential should be explored further in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramos-Ramírez P, Malmhäll C, Tliba O, Rådinger M, Bossios A. Adiponectin/AdipoR1 Axis Promotes IL-10 Release by Human Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677550. [PMID: 34084174 PMCID: PMC8167046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is an important immunomodulatory mediator in inflammatory conditions. While we previously showed that adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is expressed in murine regulatory T cells (Tregs), its expression in human Tregs remain unknown. Here, we examined the expression of AdipoR1 in human Tregs and whether its ligand, globular adiponectin (gAd) affects the Treg ability to secrete IL-10 and the role of Type 2 (T2) inflammation in such process. Methods Human Tregs from peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry for AdipoR1, Helios and IL-10 expression. CD4+ T cells enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence or the absence of gAd or the chemical adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, or in a T2 cytokine milieu. Flow cytometry was then used to assess intracellular IL-10, IL-10 secreting cells, FOXP3 and Helios expression, and phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase (MAPK). IL-10 levels in CD4+ T cell supernatants were quantified by ELISA. Results We found that a subset of human Tregs expressed AdipoR1. Importantly, more Helios- cells expressed AdipoR1 than Helios+ cells. Likewise, there was a higher frequency of IL-10+ cells within Helios- AdipoR1+ Tregs compared to Helios+ AdipoR1+ Tregs. In contrast, the IL-10 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was higher in Helios+ AdipoR1+ Tregs compared to Helios-AdipoR1+ Tregs. When human CD4+ T cells were treated with gAd or AdipoRon, a significant increase in IL-10 secretion, FOXP3 expression, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation was observed in Helios- AdipoR1+ Tregs. Interestingly, gAd under T2 cytokine milieu significantly increased the intracellular levels of IL-10, mainly in Helios+ AdipoR1+ Tregs, and IL-10 levels in supernatants of CD4+ T cells. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that adiponectin/AdipoR1 axis promotes IL-10 release by Tregs, mainly in Helios- Tregs, and the effect was amplified by T2 inflammation in Helios+ Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ramos-Ramírez
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar Tliba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge and Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Zhang J, Shi Y, Shen M, Lv H, Chen S, Feng Y, Chen H, Xu X, Yang T, Xu K. Differences in Maturation Status and Immune Phenotypes of Circulating Helios + and Helios - Tregs and Their Disrupted Correlations With Monocyte Subsets in Autoantibody-Positive T1D Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628504. [PMID: 34054801 PMCID: PMC8149963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 Tregs are involved in the regulation of various autoimmune diseases but believed to be highly heterogeneous. Studies have indicated that Helios controls a distinct subset of functional Tregs. However, the immunological changes in circulating Helios+ and Helios− Tregs are not fully explored in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we elucidated the differences in maturation status and immune regulatory phenotypes of Helios+ and Helios− Tregs and their correlations with monocyte subsets in T1D individuals. As CD25−/low FOXP3+ Tregs also represent a subset of functional Tregs, we defined Tregs as FOXP3+CD127−/low and examined circulating Helios+ and Helios− Treg subpopulations in 68 autoantibody-positive T1D individuals and 68 age-matched healthy controls. We found that expression of both FOXP3 and CTLA4 diminished in Helios− Tregs, while the proportion of CD25−/low Tregs increased in Helios+ Tregs of T1D individuals. Although the frequencies of neither Helios+ nor Helios− Tregs were affected by investigated T1D genetic risk loci, Helios+ Tregs correlated with age at T1D diagnosis negatively and disease duration positively. Moreover, the negative correlation between central and effector memory proportions of Helios+ Tregs in healthy controls was disrupted in T1D individuals. Finally, regulatory non-classical and intermediate monocytes also decreased in T1D individuals, and positive correlations between these regulatory monocytes and Helios+/Helios− Treg subsets in healthy controls disappeared in T1D individuals. In conclusion, we demonstrated the alternations in maturation status and immune phenotypes in Helios+ and Helios− Treg subsets and revealed the missing association between these Treg subsets and monocyte subsets in T1D individuals, which might point out another option for elucidating T1D mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dong Y, Yang C, Pan F. Post-Translational Regulations of Foxp3 in Treg Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626172. [PMID: 33912156 PMCID: PMC8071870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are indispensable for immune homeostasis due to their roles in peripheral tolerance. As the master transcription factor of Treg cells, Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) strongly regulates Treg function and plasticity. Because of this, considerable research efforts have been directed at elucidating the mechanisms controlling Foxp3 and its co-regulators. Such work is not only advancing our understanding on Treg cell biology, but also uncovering novel targets for clinical manipulation in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and tumor therapies. Recently, many studies have explored the post-translational regulation of Foxp3, which have shown that acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitination are important for determining Foxp3 function and plasticity. Additionally, some of these targets have been implicated to have great therapeutic values. In this review, we will discuss emerging evidence of post-translational regulations on Foxp3 in Treg cells and their exciting therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cuiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu CH, Bhattacharya A, Persaud M, Taylor AB, Wang Z, Bulnes-Ramos A, Xu J, Selyutina A, Martinez-Lopez A, Cano K, Demeler B, Kim B, Hardies SC, Diaz-Griffero F, Ivanov DN. Nucleic acid binding by SAMHD1 contributes to the antiretroviral activity and is enhanced by the GpsN modification. Nat Commun 2021; 12:731. [PMID: 33531504 PMCID: PMC7854603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1 impedes infection of myeloid cells and resting T lymphocytes by retroviruses, and the enzymatic activity of the protein-dephosphorylation of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs)-implicates enzymatic dNTP depletion in innate antiviral immunity. Here we show that the allosteric binding sites of the enzyme are plastic and can accommodate oligonucleotides in place of the allosteric activators, GTP and dNTP. SAMHD1 displays a preference for oligonucleotides containing phosphorothioate bonds in the Rp configuration located 3' to G nucleotides (GpsN), the modification pattern that occurs in a mechanism of antiviral defense in prokaryotes. In the presence of GTP and dNTPs, binding of GpsN-containing oligonucleotides promotes formation of a distinct tetramer with mixed occupancy of the allosteric sites. Mutations that impair formation of the mixed-occupancy complex abolish the antiretroviral activity of SAMHD1, but not its ability to deplete dNTPs. The findings link nucleic acid binding to the antiretroviral activity of SAMHD1, shed light on the immunomodulatory effects of synthetic phosphorothioated oligonucleotides and raise questions about the role of nucleic acid phosphorothioation in human innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey H Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Akash Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mirjana Persaud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Angel Bulnes-Ramos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anastasia Selyutina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen C Hardies
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Felipe Diaz-Griffero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Dmitri N Ivanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Piao W, Xiong Y, Li L, Saxena V, Smith KD, Hippen KL, Paluskievicz C, Willsonshirkey M, Blazar BR, Abdi R, Bromberg JS. Regulatory T Cells Condition Lymphatic Endothelia for Enhanced Transendothelial Migration. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1052-1062.e5. [PMID: 31995749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) express high levels of cell surface lymphotoxin alpha beta (LTα1β2) to activate the LT beta receptor (LTβR) on the lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), modulating LEC adhesion molecules, intercellular junctions, and chemokines. We demonstrate a role for Tregs through this pathway to condition the permissiveness of lymphatic endothelia for transendothelial migration (TEM), thus gating leukocyte traffic. Human Tregs share the same property with murine Tregs. Activation of TLR2 on Tregs during inflammation specifically augments LTα1β2-LTβR signaling, which further enhances the permissiveness of LECs to facilitate TEM. The conditioning of endothelia may promote the resolution of inflammation by directing leukocytes out of tissues to lymphatic vessels and draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Thus, Tregs interact with lymphatic endothelia under homeostasis and inflammation and dictate endothelial permissiveness and gating mechanisms for subsequent leukocyte migration through endothelial barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Piao
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yanbao Xiong
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kile D Smith
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marina Willsonshirkey
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ng MSF, Roth TL, Mendoza VF, Marson A, Burt TD. Helios enhances the preferential differentiation of human fetal CD4 + naïve T cells into regulatory T cells. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/41/eaav5947. [PMID: 31757834 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav5947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and cytokine cues drive the differentiation of CD4+ naïve T cells into effector T cell populations with distinct proinflammatory or regulatory functions. Unlike adult naïve T cells, human fetal naïve CD4+ T cells preferentially differentiate into FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells upon TCR activation independent of exogenous cytokine signaling. This cell-intrinsic predisposition for Treg differentiation is implicated in the generation of tolerance in utero; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we identify epigenetic and transcriptional programs shared between fetal naïve T and committed Treg cells that are inactive in adult naïve T cells and show that fetal-derived induced Treg (iTreg) cells retain this transcriptional program. We show that a subset of Treg-specific enhancers is accessible in fetal naïve T cells, including two active superenhancers at Helios Helios is expressed in fetal naïve T cells but not in adult naïve T cells, and fetal iTreg cells maintain Helios expression. CRISPR-Cas9 ablation of Helios in fetal naïve T cells impaired their differentiation into iTreg cells upon TCR stimulation, reduced expression of immunosuppressive genes in fetal iTreg cells such as IL10, and increased expression of proinflammatory genes including IFNG Consequently, Helios knockout fetal iTreg cells had reduced IL-10 and increased IFN-γ cytokine production. Together, our results reveal important roles for Helios in enhancing preferential fetal Treg differentiation and fine-tuning eventual Treg function. The Treg-biased programs identified within fetal naïve T cells could potentially be used to engineer enhanced iTreg populations for adoptive cellular therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S F Ng
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ventura F Mendoza
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zohouri M, Mehdipour F, Razmkhah M, Faghih Z, Ghaderi A. CD4 +CD25 -FoxP3 + T cells: a distinct subset or a heterogeneous population? Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:307-316. [PMID: 32705909 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1797005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to generating effective immunity against infectious agents, the immune system helps to fight against different noninfectious human diseases while maintaining the balance between self and non-self discrimination. The breakdown of tolerance in autoimmune diseases or sustainable tolerance in an abnormal microenvironment such as chronic inflammation may initiate the process of malignancy. Immune system regulation is controlled by a complex, dynamic network of cells and mediators. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of immune regulation provides better insight into the mechanisms governing the immune pathology of diseases. Among several cellular subsets and mediators with regulatory roles, a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells was recently reported to be positive for FoxP3 and negative for CD25, with a suggested range of functional activities in both cancer and autoimmune diseases. This CD4 subset was first reported in 2006 and thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the spectrum of roles played by this T cell subset is broad, and no consensus has been reached regarding its immunological functions. In this review, we focused on the possible origin of CD4+CD25‒FoxP3+ T cells and their function in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Zohouri
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu C, Yu S, Jin R, Long Y, Lu S, Song Y, Sun X, Sun XH, Zhang Y. Correlation of the levels of DNA-binding inhibitor Id3 and regulatory T cells with SLE disease severity. J Autoimmun 2020; 113:102498. [PMID: 32536579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
E proteins, a subset of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, are transcription activators and their functions are inhibited by DNA-binding inhibitor (Id) 1-4. Studies have shown that Treg levels are decreased in Id3 knockout mice. Mice over-expressing Id1 in CD4 T cells possessed a greater number of regulatory T cells (Treg) and exhibited attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The significance of Id proteins in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. In this study, we systematically analyzed Id transcription in naïve, memory CD4 cells and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with active or inactive SLE. In parallel, Treg subsets in PBMCs were analyzed using different strategies. Id expression levels were correlated with Treg numbers as well as clinical indicators. We found that Id genes expressed in human peripheral CD4 cells were mainly Id2 and Id3. Id3 levels were significantly elevated in CD4+CD25hi T cells of patients with active SLE. Likewise, Id3 levels were positively correlated with increased CD4+FoxP3+ and CD4+Helios+FoxP3+ Treg cells in these patients. Id3 levels were found to be positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lupus anticoagulant (LAC), ribosomal antibody and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) in patients with active SLE. Mice overexpressing Id1 in CD4+ T cells possessed significantly higher Treg levels in spleen and lower autoantibody concentrations in serum. Our results suggest that during the pathogenesis of SLE, up-regulation of Id3 can promote Treg differentiation to play an inhibitory effect on autoimmune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songsong Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China; Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu WQ, Ji NF, Gu CJ, Sun ZX, Wang ZX, Chen ZQ, Ma Y, Wu ZZ, Wang YL, Wu CJ, Ding MD, Dai GH, Yao J, Jin RR, Huang M, Zhang MS. Downregulation of miR-4772-3p promotes enhanced regulatory T cell capacity in malignant pleural effusion by elevating Helios levels. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:2705-2715. [PMID: 31725455 PMCID: PMC6940098 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a complicated condition of patients with advanced tumors. Further dissecting the microenvironment of infiltrated immune cells and malignant cells are warranted to understand the immune-evasion mechanisms of tumor development and progression. METHODS The possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in malignant pleural fluid was investigated using small RNA sequencing. Regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (CD4, CD25, forkhead box P3), and Helios (also known as IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 2 [IKZF2]) were detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of IKZF2 and miR-4772-3p were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR-4772-3p and Helios was determined using dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effects of miR-4772-3p on Helios expression were evaluated using an in vitro system. Correlation assays between miR-4772-3p and functional molecules of Tregs were performed. RESULTS Compared with non-malignant controls, patients with non-small cell lung cancer had an increased Tregs frequency with Helios expression in the MPE and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The verified downregulation of miR-4772-3p was inversely related to the Helios Tregs frequency and Helios expression in the MPE. Overexpression of miR-4772-3p could inhibit Helios expression in in vitro experiments. However, ectopic expression of Helios in induced Tregs reversed the effects induced by miR-4772-3p overexpression. Additionally, miR-4772-3p could regulate Helios expression by directly targeting IKZF2 mRNA. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-4772-3p, by targeting Helios, contributes to enhanced Tregs activities in the MPE microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Ning-Fei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Cheng-Jing Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zheng-Xia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Dong Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Gui-Hong Dai
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Juan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Rong-Rong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Shun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thornton AM, Shevach EM. Helios: still behind the clouds. Immunology 2019; 158:161-170. [PMID: 31517385 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that are critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. The forkhead box transcription factor Foxp3 is a master regulator for the Treg phenotype and function and its expression is essential in Treg cells, as the loss of Foxp3 results in lethal autoimmunity. Two major subsets of Treg cells have been described in vivo; thymus-derived Treg (tTreg) cells that develop in the thymus and peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) cells that are derived from conventional CD4+ Foxp3- T cells and are converted in peripheral tissues to cells that express Foxp3 and acquire suppressive ability. The transcription factor Helios, a member of the Ikaros transcription factor family, is expressed in 60-70% of Treg cells in both mouse and man, and is believed to be a marker of tTreg cells. In this review, we discuss the role and function of Helios in Treg cells, the controversy surrounding the use of Helios as a marker of tTreg cells, and how Helios controls specific aspects of the Treg cell program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Thornton
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play a requisite role in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis and prevention of peripheral self-tolerance breakdown. Although Foxp3 by itself is neither necessary nor sufficient to specify many aspects of the Treg cell phenotype, its sustained expression in Treg cells is indispensable for their phenotypic stability, metabolic fitness, and regulatory function. In this review, we summarize recent advances in Treg cell biology, with a particular emphasis on the role of Foxp3 as a transcriptional modulator and metabolic gatekeeper essential to an effective immune regulatory response. We discuss these findings in the context of human inborn errors of immune dysregulation, with a focus on FOXP3 mutations, leading to Treg cell deficiency. We also highlight emerging concepts of therapeutic Treg cell reprogramming to restore tolerance in the settings of immune dysregulatory disorders.
Collapse
|
28
|
Scott RE, Greenwood SL, Hayes DJL, Baker BC, Jones RL, Heazell AEP. Effects of hydroxychloroquine on the human placenta-Findings from in vitro experimental data and a systematic review. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:50-59. [PMID: 31082466 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a toll like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 antagonist, is used during pregnancy for inflammatory conditions with limited understanding of its placental toxicology. We hypothesized that HCQ does not have toxic effects on the placenta and can modulate cytokine release in response to TLR7/9 activation. A systematic review was conducted and no studies of HCQ on multicellular human placental tissue were identified. Accordingly, placental villous explants were cultured for 7 days with HCQ +/- TLR7/9 agonists. HCQ did not affect cell turnover, nutrient transport or cytokine release but increased IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) secretion and promoted syncytiotrophoblast regeneration. Cytokine release stimulated by TLR7/9 agonists was unaffected by HCQ. In conclusion, HCQ did not adversely affect placental tissue and may have a protective anti-inflammatory function. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of HCQ actions on human placenta and whether they could be utilized to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Scott
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom. beckyscott-@hotmail.co.uk
| | - Susan L Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Dexter J L Hayes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette C Baker
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Increased serum levels of TNF-α and decreased serum levels of IL-27 in patients with Parkinson disease and their correlation with disease severity. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 166:76-79. [PMID: 29408778 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunological basis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer and Parkinson disease (PD) has some important roles in their pathogenesis. There are conflicting studies to serum level of TNF-α in PD. Also, according to our finding there is no report evaluating serum level of IL-27 in PD. This study correlates the serum level of those factors with severity of PD. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 83 patients with PD and 83 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The diagnosis was fulfilled in accordance with clinical diagnostic criteria of the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank by two neurologists. The modified Hoehn and Yahr (H and Y) scale was used to evaluate the severity of PD. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-27 were measured by Elisa. Correlation of H and Y scale with serum levels of these cytokines was evaluated. RESULTS The serum levels of TNF-α were increased and serum levels of IL-27 were decreased in patients with PD compared to those in healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between serum levels of TNF-α and IL-27 with H and Y scale. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-27 may be important prognostic biomarkers of PD.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kopřivová H, Hájková M, Koucký M, Malíčková K, Holáň V, Krulová M. Kinetics of Helios(+) and Helios(−) T regulatory cell subsets in the circulation of healthy pregnant women. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12754. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kopřivová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the First Faculty of Medicine, General Teaching Hospital Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hájková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Transplantation Immunology Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Koucký
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karin Malíčková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the First Faculty of Medicine, General Teaching Hospital Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Holáň
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Transplantation Immunology Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Krulová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Transplantation Immunology Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hosseinzade A, Sadeghi O, Naghdipour Biregani A, Soukhtehzari S, Brandt GS, Esmaillzadeh A. Immunomodulatory Effects of Flavonoids: Possible Induction of T CD4+ Regulatory Cells Through Suppression of mTOR Pathway Signaling Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30766532 PMCID: PMC6366148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing rate of autoimmune disorders and cancer in recent years has been a controversial issue in all aspects of prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Among dietary factors, flavonoids have specific immunomodulatory effects that might be of importance to several cancers. Over different types of immune cells, T lymphocytes play a critical role in protecting the immune system as well as in the pathogenesis of specific autoimmune diseases. One of the important mediators of metabolism and immune system is mTOR, especially in T lymphocytes. In the current review, we assessed the effects of flavonoids on the immune system and then their impact on the mTOR pathway. Flavonoids can suppress mTOR activity and are consequently able to induce the T regulatory subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysooda Hosseinzade
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Naghdipour Biregani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soukhtehzari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gabriel S Brandt
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin & Marshall College,, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thornton AM, Lu J, Korty PE, Kim YC, Martens C, Sun PD, Shevach EM. Helios + and Helios - Treg subpopulations are phenotypically and functionally distinct and express dissimilar TCR repertoires. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:398-412. [PMID: 30620397 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Helios is expressed in a large subset of Foxp3+ Tregs. We previously proposed that Helios is a marker of thymic derived Treg (tTreg), while Helios- Treg were induced from Foxp3- T conventional (Tconv) cells in the periphery (pTreg). To compare the two Treg subpopulations, we generated Helios-GFP reporter mice and crossed them to Foxp3-RFP reporter mice. The Helios+ Treg population expressed a more activated phenotype, had a slightly higher suppressive capacity in vitro and expressed a more highly demethylated TSDR but were equivalent in their ability to suppress inflammatory bowel disease in vivo. However, Helios+ Treg more effectively inhibited the proliferation of activated, autoreactive splenocytes from scurfy mice. When Helios+ and Helios- Treg were transferred to lymphoreplete mice, both populations maintained comparable Foxp3 expression, but Foxp3 expression was less stable in Helios- Treg when transferred to lymphopenic mice. Gene expression profiling demonstrated a large number of differentially expressed genes and showed that Helios- Treg expressed certain genes normally expressed in CD4+ Foxp3- T cells. TCR repertoire analysis indicated very little overlap between Helios+ and Helios- Treg. Thus, Helios+ and Helios- Treg subpopulations are phenotypically and functionally distinct and express dissimilar TCR repertoires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Thornton
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia E Korty
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig Martens
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories Genomics Unit, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Peter D Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Gruber R, Ladstätter K, Bellutti M, Blunder S, Schmuth M, Dubrac S. Filaggrin null mutations are associated with altered circulating Tregs in atopic dermatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1288-1299. [PMID: 30515983 PMCID: PMC6349342 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) have previously been studied in AD, their role remains controversial, likely owing to patient heterogeneity. Thus, we recruited adult AD patients and age‐matched healthy controls, and assessed their filaggrin (FLG) genotype, serum IgE level, and eczema area and severity index (EASI). We found increased proportions of all circulating Treg subpopulations in AD patients. Moreover, we show positive correlations between circulating Tregs and serum IgE FLG null mutations limited the expansion of both memory and effector Tregs and enhanced that of recently thymus‐emigrated Tregs. Furthermore, proportions of circulating Th2‐ or Th17‐Tregs but not Th1‐Tregs were increased in AD patients, and accentuated by FLG null mutations, thereby mimicking the immune deviation observed in Th cell populations. Moreover, ICOS+ Tregs showed reduced production of interleukin‐10, suggesting impaired immunosuppression in AD. The level of demethylation of FOXP3i1, which reflects the stability of FOXP3 expression, was similar in the blood and skin of AD patients and healthy controls. Overall, these results show that Tregs may participate into AD pathogenesis and that FLG null mutations exert further modifications on specific subpopulations of circulating Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Ladstätter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Bellutti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Human retinoic acid-regulated CD161 + regulatory T cells support wound repair in intestinal mucosa. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1403-1414. [PMID: 30397350 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Repair of tissue damaged during inflammatory processes is key to the return of local homeostasis and restoration of epithelial integrity. Here we describe CD161+ regulatory T (Treg) cells as a distinct, highly suppressive population of Treg cells that mediate wound healing. These Treg cells were enriched in intestinal lamina propria, particularly in Crohn's disease. CD161+ Treg cells had an all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-regulated gene signature, and CD161 expression on Treg cells was induced by ATRA, which directly regulated the CD161 gene. CD161 was co-stimulatory, and ligation with the T cell antigen receptor induced cytokines that accelerated the wound healing of intestinal epithelial cells. We identified a transcription-factor network, including BACH2, RORγt, FOSL2, AP-1 and RUNX1, that controlled expression of the wound-healing program, and found a CD161+ Treg cell signature in Crohn's disease mucosa associated with reduced inflammation. These findings identify CD161+ Treg cells as a population involved in controlling the balance between inflammation and epithelial barrier healing in the gut.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim YC, Kim KK, Yoon J, Scott DW, Shevach EM. SAMHD1 Posttranscriptionally Controls the Expression of Foxp3 and Helios in Human T Regulatory Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1671-1680. [PMID: 30104243 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical application of Ag-specific T regulatory cells (Tregs) offers promise for the treatment of undesirable immune diseases. To achieve this goal, long-term expansion of Tregs is required to obtain sufficient numbers of cells. However, human Tregs are not stable ex vivo. Therefore, we previously developed an innovative Treg expansion protocol using 25mer-phosphorothioated random oligonucleotides (ODNps25). The addition of ODNps25 successfully resulted in the stabilization of engineered Ag-specific Tregs; however, the mechanism is not fully characterized. We first identified sterile α motif histidine-aspartate-domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) as an ODNps25-binding protein using a UV-cross-linking pull-down strategy. SAMHD1 physically interacted with the 3' untranslated region of Foxp3 mRNA and was translocated from nucleus to cytoplasm after ODNps25 treatment. Importantly, addition of ODNps25 enhanced the interaction of SAMHD1 and Foxp3 mRNA significantly, and this interaction was increased by TCR stimulation. Because ODNps25 binds to the nuclease (HD) domain of SAMHD1, we then established that overexpression of a dNTPase-deficient mutant (D137N) in Tregs significantly stabilized the expression level of the Foxp3 protein. Furthermore, we found that TCR stimulation upregulates phosphorylation of the threonine residue (Thr592), which is a regulatory site to control SAMHD1 activity, and phosphorylation of Thr592 is critical to control SAMHD1 activity to stabilize the expression of Foxp3 and Helios in Tregs. Taken together, we suggest that the interaction of ODNPs25 in HD or phosphorylation of Thr592 by TCR stimulation interferes with nuclease activity of SAMHD1, thereby stabilizing 3' untranslated region of Foxp3 and Helios mRNAs in long-term culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Kee Kwang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 34134 Daejeon, South Korea; and
| | - Jeongheon Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814;
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Palmer C, Mulligan JK, Smith SE, Atkinson C. The role of regulatory T cells in the regulation of upper airway inflammation. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 31:345-351. [PMID: 29122078 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are inflammatory diseases of the upper airway, with a similar immunologic profile, characterized by aberrant and persistent type 2 inflammation. One cell population that has been identified as altered in both disease types is regulatory T cell (Treg). Tregs have the capacity to modulate T-effector function and suppress inflammatory cytokine production in a broad range of cell types. Given the ability of Tregs to control inflammation, the role of Tregs in respiratory diseases has attracted much attention. As discussed in this article, alterations in the Treg numbers and function, or both, have been identified in AR and CRSwNP, although much of the data is conflicting. Here, we explored what is known and, in many cases, unknown about the mechanisms by which Tregs differentiate and function, and how these functions can be controlled in the mucosal microenvironment. By gaining a greater understanding of these processes, it may be possible to harness the natural immunosuppressive activity of Tregs to ameliorate the chronic inflammation associated with AR and CRSwNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Palmer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang AH, Yoon J, Kim YC, Scott DW. Targeting Antigen-Specific B Cells Using Antigen-Expressing Transduced Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1434-1441. [PMID: 30021767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Controlling immune responses in autoimmunity and to biotherapeutics is an unmet need. In hemophilia, for example, up to one third of patients receiving therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) infusions develop neutralizing Abs termed "inhibitors." To address this problem in a mouse model of hemophilia A, we used an Ag-specific regulatory T cell (Treg) approach in which we created a novel B cell-targeting chimeric receptor composed of an FVIII Ag domain linked with the CD28-CD3ζ transmembrane and signaling domains. We termed these "BAR" for B cell-targeting Ab receptors. CD4+CD25hiCD127low human Tregs were retrovirally transduced to express a BAR containing the immunodominant FVIII C2 or A2 domains (C2- and A2-BAR). Such BAR-Tregs specifically suppressed the recall Ab response of spleen cultures from FVIII-immunized mice in vitro and completely prevented anti-FVIII Ab development in response to FVIII immunization. Mechanistic studies with purified B cells and T cells from tolerized or control recipients demonstrated that the FVIII-specific B cells were directly suppressed or anergized, whereas the T cell response remained intact. Taken together, we report in this study a successful proof-of-principle strategy using Ag-expressing Tregs to directly target specific B cells, an approach which could be adapted to address other adverse immune responses as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Jeongheon Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Al-Ayadhi LY, Attia SM. Downregulation in Helios transcription factor signaling is associated with immune dysfunction in blood leukocytes of autistic children. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:98-104. [PMID: 29698674 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder in which immunological imbalance has been suggested to be a major etiological component. Helios, a transcription factor, has been studied extensively in the context of human T cell regulation in health and disease, yet the role of Helios signaling has not been examined in children with ASD. In the present study, we investigated the production of Helios in CD4+, CD8+, and TIM-3+, CXCR3+ cells in typically developing (TD) controls and children with ASD and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We assayed the production of IFN-γ+Helios+, IL-21+Helios+, T-bet+Helios+, and Foxp3+Helios+ cells, and determined Helios mRNA and protein expression levels in PBMCs, in TD controls and children with ASD. Our results revealed that children with ASD had lower numbers of CD4+Helios+ CD8+Helios+, TIM-3+Helios+, and CXCR3+Helios+ cells as compared to TD controls. Our results also showed that children with ASD had decreased IFN-γ+Helios+, IL-21+Helios+, T-bet+Helios+, and Helios+Foxp3+ production compared to that in TD controls. Moreover, our results indicated that children with ASD had lower Helios mRNA and protein expression levels compared to those in TD controls. These results suggest that the Helios transcription factor may be critical to immune alterations in children with ASD. Therefore, our results suggest that targeting Helios signaling might offer a strategy for developing ASD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Yousef Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim YC, Zhang AH, Yoon J, Culp WE, Lees JR, Wucherpfennig KW, Scott DW. Engineered MBP-specific human Tregs ameliorate MOG-induced EAE through IL-2-triggered inhibition of effector T cells. J Autoimmun 2018; 92:77-86. [PMID: 29857928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Expanded polyclonal T regulatory cells (Tregs) offer great promise for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Inhibition by Tregs is under the control of the T-cell receptor (TCR). Therefore, we created Tregs with defined antigen specificity, using a recombinant T-cell receptor isolated from a myelin-basic protein specific T-cell clone of a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient (Ob2F3). We expressed this TCR using a retroviral expression vector in human Tregs from peripheral blood. We observed that transduced Tregs were activated in vitro in response to myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide on DR15 antigen-presenting cells (APC) and upregulated Treg markers, Foxp3, LAP and Helios. These engineered MBP-specific Tregs could suppress MBP-specific T effector cells, and were also able to suppress T cells with other specificities after Tregs had been activated through the TCR. Importantly, we showed that these engineered Tregs were able to function effectively in the presence of strong TLR-induced inflammatory signals, and that MBP-specific Tregs ameliorated EAE in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunized DR15 transgenic mice. We further demonstrated in vitro that IL-2 produced by neighboring effector T cells activated MBP-specific Tregs, initiating contact-independent suppression to T effectors in local milieu. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that bystander suppression in vivo may involve transfer of soluble mediators, enhanced by cell contact between Tregs and effectors. Taken together, we show that engineered clonal MBP-specific Tregs are able to suppress autoimmune pathology in EAE. This approach may serve as a cellular therapy for MS patients with the common DR15 haplotype that is associated with disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeongheon Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William E Culp
- Office of Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason R Lees
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shevach EM. Foxp3 + T Regulatory Cells: Still Many Unanswered Questions-A Perspective After 20 Years of Study. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1048. [PMID: 29868011 PMCID: PMC5962663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T regulatory (Treg) cells were discovered more than 20 years ago and have remained a topic of intense investigation by immunologists. The initial doubts about their existence were dissipated by the discovery in 2003 of the lineage specific transcription factor Foxp3. In this article, I will discuss some of the questions that I believe still need to be answered before we will be able to fully apply Treg therapy to the clinic. The major issue that remains to be resolved is how they mediate their suppressive functions. In order to correct defective suppression in autoimmune disease (assuming it is a causative factor) or to augment suppression in graft versus host disease or during organ transplantation, we still need to fully understand the biochemical nature of suppressor mechanisms. Similarly, in cancer, it is now widely accepted that reversal of Treg suppression would be highly desirable, yet which of the many purported pathways of suppression are operative in different tumors in different anatomic sites. Many of the concepts we have developed are based on in vitro studies, and it remains unclear if these concepts can readily be applied to Treg function in vivo. Our lack of a specific cell surface marker that readily allows us to identify and target Treg in vivo, particularly in man, remains a major stumbling block. Finally, I will review in some detail controversies regarding the origin of Treg, thymus versus periphery, and attempts to reverse Treg suppression by targeting antigens on their cell surface, particularly members of the TNF receptor superfamily. Hopefully, these areas of controversy will be resolved by in depth studies over the next few years and manipulation of Treg function will be placed on a more solid experimental footing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Do JS, Zhong F, Huang AY, Van't Hof WJ, Finney M, Laughlin MJ. Foxp3 expression in induced T regulatory cells derived from human umbilical cord blood vs. adult peripheral blood. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:1568-1577. [PMID: 29743573 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3 is essential for T regulatory cell (Treg) function. Broad complex-Tramtrack-Bric-a-brac domain (BTB) and Cap'n'collar (CNC) homology 1, transcription factor 2 (BACH2) stabilizes Treg immune homeostasis in murine studies. However, little is known regarding what role, if any, BACH2 may have in Foxp3 regulation in human-induced Treg (iTreg). We examined Foxp3 expression and regulation comparing iTreg differentiated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) vs. adult blood (AB) naive CD4+ T-cells. Foxp3 expression was higher in UCB vs. AB-derived iTreg, and was sustained during 21-day expansion in vitro. The number of Foxp3+ iTreg generated from UCB vs. AB naive CD4+ T-cells was higher in iTreg differentiation conditions. In addition, UCB iTreg were more potent in suppressing T-cell proliferation compared to AB iTreg. Naive UCB CD4+ T-cells highly expressed BACH2 protein compared to AB. Putative transcriptional BACH2 binding sites were identified at the Foxp3 promoter, using BACH2 consensus sequence. Cross-linking chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that BACH2 binds to the Foxp3 proximal promoter in UCB iTreg, but not AB iTreg. BACH2 was transcriptionally active, as shRNA-mediated BACH2 knockdown resulted in reduction of Foxp3 gene transcription in UCB CD4+ T-cells. In summary, BACH2 serves to stabilize robust Foxp3 expression in UCB CD4+ T-cell-derived iTreg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Do
- Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Mary J Laughlin
- Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Katz G, Voss K, Yan TF, Kim YC, Kortum RL, Scott DW, Snow AL. FOXP3 renders activated human regulatory T cells resistant to restimulation-induced cell death by suppressing SAP expression. Cell Immunol 2018; 327:54-61. [PMID: 29454648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) is an apoptotic program that regulates effector T cell expansion, triggered by repeated stimulation through the T cell receptor (TCR) in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Although CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) consume IL-2 and experience frequent TCR stimulation, they are highly resistant to RICD. Resistance in Tregs is dependent on the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor, although the mechanism remains unclear. T cells from patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP-1), that lack the adaptor molecule SLAM-associated protein (SAP), are also resistant to RICD. Here we demonstrate that normal Tregs express very low levels of SAP compared to conventional T cells. FOXP3 reduces SAP expression by directly binding to and repressing the SH2D1A (SAP) promoter. Indeed, ectopic SAP expression restores RICD sensitivity in human FOXP3+ Tregs. Our findings illuminate the mechanism behind FOXP3-mediated RICD resistance in Tregs, providing new insight into their long-term persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Katz
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Toria F Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert L Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao S, Jiang T, Zhang L, Yang H, Liu X, Jia Y, Zhou C. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of regulatory T cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36065-36073. [PMID: 27153545 PMCID: PMC5094983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic and clinicopathological value of regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains undetermined. A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases (up to December 2015) was conducted. Relationship between Tregs infiltration and clinicopathological features, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was investigated by synthesizing the qualified data. A total of 1303 NSCLC patients from 11 studies were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for survival showed that high Tregs infiltration had no effect on RFS (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.61–3.44, P = 0.708) and OS (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.58–1.62, P = 0.981). High FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration was significantly associated with poor OS in NSCLC (HR = 3.88, 95% CI: 2.45–5.40, P = 0.000). Test methods, ethnicity and types of specimens had no effect on predicting prognosis of Tregs infiltration. While high Tregs infiltration was significantly correlated with smoking status [odds ratios (ORs) = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.15–2.08; P = 0.004], none of other clinicopathological characteristics such as gender, histological type, lymph node metastasis status, tumor size, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion and pleural invasion were associated with Tregs infiltration. The present study demonstrated that high FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration was significantly associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC and smoking status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Scott DW. From IgG Fusion Proteins to Engineered-Specific Human Regulatory T Cells: A Life of Tolerance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1576. [PMID: 29181011 PMCID: PMC5693857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts have concentrated on approaches to expand and “specify” human regulatory T cells (Tregs) and to apply them to modulate adverse immune responses in autoimmunity and hemophilia. We have used retroviral transduction of specific T-cell receptor, single chain Fv, or antigen domains in Tregs to achieve this goal. Each of these approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Results with these engineered T cells and evolution of the research developments and paths that led to the development of specific regulatory approaches for tolerance are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Adair PR, Kim YC, Zhang AH, Yoon J, Scott DW. Human Tregs Made Antigen Specific by Gene Modification: The Power to Treat Autoimmunity and Antidrug Antibodies with Precision. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1117. [PMID: 28983300 PMCID: PMC5613123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are potent immunosuppressive lymphocytes responsible for immune tolerance and homeostasis. Since the seminal reports identifying Tregs, vast research has been channeled into understanding their genesis, signature molecular markers, mechanisms of suppression, and role in disease. This research has opened the doors for Tregs as a potential therapeutic for diseases and disorders such as multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, transplantation, and immune responses to protein therapeutics, like factor VIII. Seminal clinical trials have used polyclonal Tregs, but the frequency of antigen-specific Tregs among polyclonal populations is low, and polyclonal Tregs may risk non-specific immunosuppression. Antigen-specific Treg therapy, which uses genetically modified Tregs expressing receptors specific for target antigens, greatly mitigates this risk. Building on the principles of T-cell receptor cloning, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), and a novel CAR derivative, called B-cell antibody receptors, our lab has developed different types of antigen-specific Tregs. This review discusses the current research and optimization of gene-modified antigen-specific human Tregs in our lab in several disease models. The preparations and considerations for clinical use of such Tregs also are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Adair
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeongheon Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 138:639-652. [PMID: 27596705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic diseases entails an ineffective tolerogenic immune response to allergens. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in sustaining immune tolerance to allergens, yet mechanisms by which Treg cells fail to maintain tolerance in patients with allergic diseases are not well understood. We review current concepts and established mechanisms regarding how Treg cells regulate different components of allergen-triggered immune responses to promote and maintain tolerance. We will also discuss more recent advances that emphasize the "dual" functionality of Treg cells in patients with allergic diseases: how Treg cells are essential in promoting tolerance to allergens but also how a proallergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward a pathogenic phenotype that aggravates and perpetuates disease. These advances highlight opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that aim to re-establish tolerance in patients with chronic allergic diseases by promoting Treg cell stability and function.
Collapse
|
48
|
Alvarez Salazar EK, Cortés-Hernández A, Alemán-Muench GR, Alberú J, Rodríguez-Aguilera JR, Recillas-Targa F, Chagoya de Sánchez V, Cuevas E, Mancilla-Urrea E, Pérez García M, Mondragón-Ramírez G, Vilatobá M, Bostock I, Hernández-Méndez E, De Rungs D, García-Zepeda EA, Soldevila G. Methylation of FOXP3 TSDR Underlies the Impaired Suppressive Function of Tregs from Long-term Belatacept-Treated Kidney Transplant Patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:219. [PMID: 28316600 PMCID: PMC5334349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered key players in the prevention of allograft rejection in transplanted patients. Belatacept (BLT) is an effective alternative to calcineurin inhibitors that appears to preserve graft survival and function; however, the impact of this drug in the homeostasis of Tregs in transplanted patients remains controversial. Here, we analyzed the phenotype, function, and the epigenetic status of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) in FOXP3 of circulating Tregs from long-term kidney transplant patients under BLT or Cyclosporine A treatment. We found a significant reduction in the proportion of CD4+CD25hiCD127lo/−FOXP3+ T cells in all patients compared to healthy individual (controls). Interestingly, only BLT-treated patients displayed an enrichment of the CD45RA+ “naïve” Tregs, while the expression of Helios, a marker used to identify stable FOXP3+ thymic Tregs remained unaffected. Functional analysis demonstrated that Tregs from transplanted patients displayed a significant reduction in their suppressive capacity compared to Tregs from controls, which is associated with decreased levels of FOXP3 and CD25. Analysis of the methylation status of the FOXP3 gene showed that BLT treatment results in methylation of CpG islands within the TSDR, which could be associated with the impaired Treg suppression function. Our data indicate that analysis of circulating Tregs cannot be used as a marker for assessing tolerance toward the allograft in long-term kidney transplant patients. Trial registration number IM103008.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Katy Alvarez Salazar
- Departmento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Arimelek Cortés-Hernández
- Departmento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Germán Rodrigo Alemán-Muench
- Departmento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Josefina Alberú
- Departmento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Jesús R Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Félix Recillas-Targa
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Eric Cuevas
- Departmento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Eduardo Mancilla-Urrea
- Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - María Pérez García
- Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | | | - Mario Vilatobá
- Departmento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Ian Bostock
- Departmento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Erick Hernández-Méndez
- Departmento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - David De Rungs
- Departmento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Eduardo A García-Zepeda
- Departmento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departmento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
McKenna DH, Sumstad D, Kadidlo DM, Batdorf B, Lord CJ, Merkel SC, Koellner CM, Curtsinger JM, June CH, Riley JL, Levine BL, Miller JS, Brunstein CG, Wagner JE, Blazar BR, Hippen KL. Optimization of cGMP purification and expansion of umbilical cord blood-derived T-regulatory cells in support of first-in-human clinical trials. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:250-262. [PMID: 27887864 PMCID: PMC5237605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Thymic-derived regulatory T cells (tTreg) are critical regulators of the immune system. Adoptive tTreg transfer is a curative therapy for murine models of autoimmunity, graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We previously completed a "first-in-human" clinical trial using in vitro expanded umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived tTreg to prevent GVHD in patients undergoing UCB hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). tTreg were safe and demonstrated clinical efficacy, but low yield prevented further dose escalation. METHODS To optimize yield, we investigated the use of KT64/86 artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) to expand tTreg and incorporated a single re-stimulation after day 12 in expansion culture. RESULTS aAPCs increased UCB tTreg expansion greater than eightfold over CD3/28 stimulation. Re-stimulation with aAPCs increased UCB tTreg expansion an additional 20- to 30-fold. Re-stimulated human UCB tTreg ameliorated GVHD disease in a xenogeneic model. Following current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) validation, a trial was conducted with tTreg. tTreg doses up to >30-fold higher compared with that obtained with anti-CD3/28 mAb coated-bead expansion and Foxp3 expression was stable during in vitro expansion and following transfer to patients. Increased expansion did not result in a senescent phenotype and GVHD was significantly reduced. DISCUSSION Expansion culture with cGMP aAPCs and re-stimulation reproducibly generates sufficient numbers of UCB tTreg that exceeds the numbers of T effector cells in an UCB graft. The methodology supports future tTreg banking and is adaptable to tTreg expansion from HSC sources. Furthermore, because human leukocyte antigen matching is not required, allogeneic UCB tTreg may be a useful strategy for prevention of organ rejection and autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H McKenna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Darin Sumstad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diane M Kadidlo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bjorn Batdorf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colin J Lord
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah C Merkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine M Koellner
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julie M Curtsinger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Center Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James L Riley
- Abramson Family Cancer Center Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce L Levine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Center Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claudio G Brunstein
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - John E Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dargaud Y, Pavlova A, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Fischer K, Soucie M, Claeyssens S, Scott DW, d'Oiron R, Lavigne-Lissalde G, Kenet G, Escuriola Ettingshausen C, Borel-Derlon A, Lambert T, Pasta G, Négrier C. Achievements, challenges and unmet needs for haemophilia patients with inhibitors: Report from a symposium in Paris, France on 20 November 2014. Haemophilia 2016; 22 Suppl 1:1-24. [PMID: 26728503 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there have been many advances in haemophilia treatment that have allowed patients to take greater control of their disease. However, the development of factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors is the greatest complication of the disease and a challenge in the treatment of haemophilia making management of bleeding episodes difficult and surgical procedures very challenging. A meeting to discuss the unmet needs of haemophilia patients with inhibitors was held in Paris on 20 November 2014. Topics discussed were genetic and non-genetic risk factors for the development of inhibitors, immunological aspects of inhibitor development, FVIII products and inhibitor development, generation and functional properties of engineered antigen-specific T regulatory cells, suppression of immune responses to FVIII, prophylaxis in haemophilia patients with inhibitors, epitope mapping of FVIII inhibitors, current controversies in immune tolerance induction therapy, surgery in haemophilia patients with inhibitors and future perspectives for the treatment of haemophilia patients with inhibitors. A summary of the key points discussed is presented in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Dargaud
- Unite d'Hemostase Clinique, Hopital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Universite Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - A Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Lacroix-Desmazes
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Immunopathologie et immuno-intervention thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - K Fischer
- Van Creveldkliniek (HP C01.425), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Soucie
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Claeyssens
- Chu Purpan Pav. Centre Hospitalier Lefebvre, Centre Rgal de l'Hemophilie, Toulouse, France
| | - D W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services, University for the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R d'Oiron
- Centre de Traitement de l'Hémophilie et des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud - Site Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - G Lavigne-Lissalde
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie et Consultations d'Hématologie Biologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Place du Pr R. Debré Nîmes, France
| | - G Kenet
- National Hemophilia Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - A Borel-Derlon
- Haemophilia and von Willebrand Disease Centre, University Hospital of Caen, Caen
| | - T Lambert
- Hemophilia Care Center, Bicêtre AP-HP Hospital and Faculté de Médecine Paris XI, Paris, France
| | - G Pasta
- UOSD di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Emofilia 'Angelo Bianchi Bonomi', Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - C Négrier
- Haematology Department, Director Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center, Hopital Louis Pradel, Université Lyon 1, Bron Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|