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Basile A, Giudice V, Mettivier L, Falco A, Cammarota AL, D'Ardia A, Selleri C, De Marco M, De Maio N, Turco MC, Marzullo L, Rosati A. Tuning the B-CLL microenvironment: evidence for BAG3 protein- mediated regulation of stromal fibroblasts activity. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:383. [PMID: 39198407 PMCID: PMC11358476 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bcl2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) protein, a critical regulator of cellular survival, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in various malignancies. This study investigates the role of BAG3 within stromal fibroblasts and its interaction with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Previous research demonstrated that BAG3 maintains the active state of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and aids pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) spread via cytokine release. To explore BAG3's role in bone marrow-derived stromal fibroblasts, BAG3 was silenced in HS-5 cells using siRNA. In co-culture experiments with PBMCs from B-CLL patients, BAG3 silencing in HS-5 cells increased apoptosis and decreased phosphorylation of BTK, AKT, and ERK in B-CLL cells, thus disrupting their pro-survival key signaling pathways. The observation of fibroblast-activated protein (FAP) positive cells in infiltrated bone marrow specimens co-expressing BAG3 further support the involvement of the protein in fibroblast-mediated tumor survival. Additionally, BAG3 appears to support B-CLL survival by modulating cytokine networks, including IL-10 and CXCL12, which are essential for leukemic cell survival and proliferation. A robust correlation between BAG3 expression and the levels of CXCL12 and IL-10 was observed in both co-cultures and patient specimens. These findings point out the need for a more in-depth comprehension of the intricate network of interactions within the tumor microenvironment and provide valuable insights for the selection of new potential therapeutic targets in the medical treatment of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Basile
- Department of Sanitary Hygiene and Evaluative Medicine U.O.C. Clinical and Microbiological Pathology, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Laura Mettivier
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonia Falco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Cammarota
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela D'Ardia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Sanitary Hygiene and Evaluative Medicine U.O.C. Clinical and Microbiological Pathology, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- FIBROSYS s.r.l. Academic Spin-off, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nicola De Maio
- FIBROSYS s.r.l. Academic Spin-off, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Turco
- Department of Sanitary Hygiene and Evaluative Medicine U.O.C. Clinical and Microbiological Pathology, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- FIBROSYS s.r.l. Academic Spin-off, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- FIBROSYS s.r.l. Academic Spin-off, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
- FIBROSYS s.r.l. Academic Spin-off, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
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Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Spyrou N, Kounatidis D, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:1-34. [PMID: 38159164 PMCID: PMC10933194 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the epidemiological data on obesity and leukemia; evaluate the effect of obesity on leukemia outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors; assess the potential mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk of leukemia; and provide the effects of obesity management on leukemia. Preventive (diet, physical exercise, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) measures, repurposing drugs, candidate therapeutic agents targeting oncogenic pathways of obesity and insulin resistance in leukemia as well as challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity has been implicated in the development of 13 cancers, such as breast, endometrial, colon, renal, esophageal cancers, and multiple myeloma. Leukemia is estimated to account for approximately 2.5% and 3.1% of all new cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, while it represents the most frequent cancer in children younger than 5 years. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the risk of leukemia. Increased birthweight may be associated with the development of childhood leukemia. Obesity is also associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality in leukemic patients. However, there are several limitations and challenges in meta-analyses and epidemiological studies. In addition, weight gain may occur in a substantial number of childhood ALL survivors while the majority of studies have documented an increased risk of relapse and mortality among patients with childhood ALL and obesity. The main pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to leukemia include bone marrow adipose tissue; hormones such as insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones; pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α; adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; dyslipidemia and lipid signaling; chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; and other emerging mechanisms. Obesity represents a risk factor for leukemia, being among the only known risk factors that could be prevented or modified through weight loss, healthy diet, and physical exercise. Pharmacological interventions, repurposing drugs used for cardiometabolic comorbidities, and bariatric surgery may be recommended for leukemia and obesity-related cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Morabito F, Adornetto C, Monti P, Amaro A, Reggiani F, Colombo M, Rodriguez-Aldana Y, Tripepi G, D’Arrigo G, Vener C, Torricelli F, Rossi T, Neri A, Ferrarini M, Cutrona G, Gentile M, Greco G. Genes selection using deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence for chronic lymphocytic leukemia predicting the need and time to therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1198992. [PMID: 37719021 PMCID: PMC10501728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1198992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing gene expression profiles (GEP) through artificial intelligence provides meaningful insight into cancer disease. This study introduces DeepSHAP Autoencoder Filter for Genes Selection (DSAF-GS), a novel deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence-based approach for feature selection in genomics-scale data. DSAF-GS exploits the autoencoder's reconstruction capabilities without changing the original feature space, enhancing the interpretation of the results. Explainable artificial intelligence is then used to select the informative genes for chronic lymphocytic leukemia prognosis of 217 cases from a GEP database comprising roughly 20,000 genes. The model for prognosis prediction achieved an accuracy of 86.4%, a sensitivity of 85.0%, and a specificity of 87.5%. According to the proposed approach, predictions were strongly influenced by CEACAM19 and PIGP, moderately influenced by MKL1 and GNE, and poorly influenced by other genes. The 10 most influential genes were selected for further analysis. Among them, FADD, FIBP, FIBP, GNE, IGF1R, MKL1, PIGP, and SLC39A6 were identified in the Reactome pathway database as involved in signal transduction, transcription, protein metabolism, immune system, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Moreover, according to the network model of the 3D protein-protein interaction (PPI) explored using the NetworkAnalyst tool, FADD, FIBP, IGF1R, QTRT1, GNE, SLC39A6, and MKL1 appear coupled into a complex network. Finally, all 10 selected genes showed a predictive power on time to first treatment (TTFT) in univariate analyses on a basic prognostic model including IGHV mutational status, del(11q) and del(17p), NOTCH1 mutations, β2-microglobulin, Rai stage, and B-lymphocytosis known to predict TTFT in CLL. However, only IGF1R [hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84, P=0.013), COL28A1 (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-0.97, P=0.045), and QTRT1 (HR 7.73, 95% CI 2.48-24.04, P<0.001) genes were significantly associated with TTFT in multivariable analyses when combined with the prognostic factors of the basic model, ultimately increasing the Harrell's c-index and the explained variation to 78.6% (versus 76.5% of the basic prognostic model) and 52.6% (versus 42.2% of the basic prognostic model), respectively. Also, the goodness of model fit was enhanced (χ2 = 20.1, P=0.002), indicating its improved performance above the basic prognostic model. In conclusion, DSAF-GS identified a group of significant genes for CLL prognosis, suggesting future directions for bio-molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Adornetto
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Monti
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adriana Amaro
- Tumor Epigenetics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Tumor Epigenetics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Colombo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tripepi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Graziella D’Arrigo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Claudia Vener
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Crabtree Scientifico (USL-IRCCS) of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rossi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Crabtree Scientifico (USL-IRCCS) of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (USL-IRCCS) of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manlio Ferrarini
- Unità Operariva (UO) Molecular Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera (A.O.) of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Greco
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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4
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Schuster SL, Arora S, Wladyka CL, Itagi P, Corey L, Young D, Stackhouse BL, Kollath L, Wu QV, Corey E, True LD, Ha G, Paddison PJ, Hsieh AC. Multi-level functional genomics reveals molecular and cellular oncogenicity of patient-based 3' untranslated region mutations. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112840. [PMID: 37516102 PMCID: PMC10540565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
3' untranslated region (3' UTR) somatic mutations represent a largely unexplored avenue of alternative oncogenic gene dysregulation. To determine the significance of 3' UTR mutations in disease, we identify 3' UTR somatic variants across 185 advanced prostate tumors, discovering 14,497 single-nucleotide mutations enriched in oncogenic pathways and 3' UTR regulatory elements. By developing two complementary massively parallel reporter assays, we measure how thousands of patient-based mutations affect mRNA translation and stability and identify hundreds of functional variants that allow us to define determinants of mutation significance. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of these mutations, observing that CRISPR-Cas9 endogenous editing of distinct variants increases cellular stress resistance and that patients harboring oncogenic 3' UTR mutations have a particularly poor prognosis. This work represents an expansive view of the extent to which disease-relevant 3' UTR mutations affect mRNA stability, translation, and cancer progression, uncovering principles of regulatory functionality and potential therapeutic targets in previously unexplored regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Schuster
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia L Wladyka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pushpa Itagi
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lukas Corey
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dave Young
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qian V Wu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhou L, Chen B. Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:250. [PMID: 36830619 PMCID: PMC9953052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) mainly include acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other heterogeneous tumors that seriously threaten human life and health. The common effective treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which have limited options and are prone to tumor recurrence and (or) drug resistance. Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, studies identified the potential anti-cancer ability of metformin in both T2DM patients and patients that are non-diabetic. The latest epidemiological and preclinical studies suggested a potential benefit of metformin in the prevention and treatment of patients with HM. The mechanism may involve the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by metformin as well as other AMPK-independent pathways to exert anti-cancer properties. In addition, combining current conventional anti-cancer drugs with metformin may improve the efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, metformin can also be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HM. This paper highlights the anti-hyperglycemic effects and potential anti-cancer effects of metformin, and also compiles the in vitro and clinical trials of metformin as an anti-cancer and chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of HM. The need for future research on the use of metformin in the treatment of HM is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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6
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Fernandes JC, Fenerich BA, Alves-Silva AB, Fonseca NP, Coelho-Silva JL, Scheucher PS, Rego EM, Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F. Differential cytotoxic activity of pharmacological inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in JAK2 V617F driven cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105384. [PMID: 35568132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) belong to a group of clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by aberrant proliferation of mature myeloid lineages. The constitutive activation of the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway is now well established to play a central role in MPN pathogenesis; however, accumulating evidence now indicates that the IGF1R-mediated signaling pathway contributes to the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Studies using inhibitors of IGF1-mediated signaling have reported cytotoxic effects in cellular and murine models of MPN, but no consensus has been reached regarding the potency and efficacy of inhibitors of the IGF1R-related pathway in this context. In the present study, we compared the potency and efficacy of three inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in a JAK2V617F-driven cellular model. These inhibitors (NT157, OSI-906, and NVP-AEW54) present antineoplastic activity with similar efficacy in Ba/F3 JAK2V617F cells, with NT157 showing the greatest potency. Both the induction of apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation were associated with the observed reduction in cell viability. Downregulation of JAK2/STAT signaling was an advantageous off-target effect of all three inhibitors. These preclinical studies reinforce the potential of the IGF1R-related pathway as a therapeutic target in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Bruno Alves-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natasha Peixoto Fonseca
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lôbo Figueiredo-Pontes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Liu S, Jiang Z, Xiao P, Li X, Chen Y, Tang H, Chai Y, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Xie Q, He W, Ma Y, Jin L, Feng W. Hsa_circ_0005576 promotes osimertinib resistance through the miR-512-5p/IGF1R axis in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:79-90. [PMID: 34706132 PMCID: PMC8748248 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is a third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring activating mutations, but patients ultimately develop acquired resistance. Circular RNAs are involved in EGFR‐TKI resistance, while the role of hsa_circ_0005576 in the osimertinib resistance of LUAD remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that hsa_circ_0005576 could facilitate osimertinib‐resistant LUAD cells. Briefly, knockdown of hsa_circ_0005576 not only suppressed the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of resistant LUAD cells, but also increased their sensitivity to osimertinib. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0005576, serving as an miRNA sponge, could directly interact with miR‐512‐5p and subsequently upregulate the miR‐512‐5p‐targeted insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor. Rescue assays indicated that miR‐512‐5p inhibition could reverse the effects of hsa_circ_0005576 knockdown in LUAD cells resistant to osimertinib. Overall, our study revealed that hsa_circ_0005576 regulates proliferation and apoptosis through miR‐512‐5p/IGF1R signaling, which contributes further to the resistance of LUAD cells to osimertinib. In addition, this study provides a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying osimertinib resistance of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zhibin Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yinji Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yanfei Chai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yicai Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zhao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery Hunan Cancer HospitalThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Qianyi Xie
- Department of Radiology The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pediatrics The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Longyu Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
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8
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Hu K, Li B, Ma R, Yi H, Xu Z, Peng Y, Yu D, Wu H, Cheng T, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wei R, Yang G, Wu X, Zhu W, Shi J. Anti-DLBCL efficacy of DCZ0825 in vitro and in vivo: involvement of the PI3K‒AKT‒mTOR/JNK pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:575-583. [PMID: 33821934 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by high heterogeneity. The poor outcome of a portion of patients who suffer relapsing or resistant to conventional treatment impels the development of novel agents for DLBCL. DCZ0825 is a novel compound derived from pterostilbene and osalmide, whose antitumor activities have drawn our attention. In this study, we found that DCZ0825 exhibited high cytotoxicity toward DLBCL cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as revealed by cell counting kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis results showed that DCZ0825 also promoted cell apoptosis via both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways mediated by caspase. In addition, DCZ0825 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase by downregulating Cdc25C, CDK1, and Cyclin B1, thus interfering with cell proliferation. Further investigation showed the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)‒AKT‒mTOR/JNK pathway in the efficacy of DCZ0825 against DLBCL. Remarkably, DCZ0825 also exerted notable cytotoxic effects in vivo as well, with low toxicity to important internal organs such as the liver and kidney. Our results suggest that DCZ0825 may have the potential to become a novel anti-DLBCL agent or to replenish the conventional therapeutic scheme of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Nanjing Medical University School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruye Ma
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongfei Yi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yumeng Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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9
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Moonesi M, Zaka Khosravi S, Molaei Ramshe S, Allahbakhshian Farsani M, Solali S, Mohammadi MH, Farshdousti Hagh M, Mehdizadeh H. IGF family effects on development, stability, and treatment of hematological malignancies. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4097-4105. [PMID: 33184857 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple factors, including growth factors, are shown to be culprits of cancer outset and persistence. Among growth factors, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) family are of more importance in the prognosis of blood malignancies. After binding to their corresponding receptor, IGFs initiate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and increase the translation of intracellular proteins, such as cell division-related proteins. They also stimulate the transcription of cell division-related genes using the Ras-GTP pathway. In addition to organs such as the liver, IGFs are secreted by tumor cells and can cause growth and proliferation of self or tumor cells via autocrine and paracrine methods. Current studies indicate that decreasing the effects of IGF by blocking them, their receptors, or PI3K/AKT pathway using various drugs could help to suppress the division of tumor cells. Here, we delineate the role of the IGF family in hematologic malignancies and their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Moonesi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Zaka Khosravi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Molaei Ramshe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Solali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Majid Farshdousti Hagh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanie Mehdizadeh
- HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Mao YQ, Han SF, Zhang SL, Zhang ZY, Kong CY, Chen HL, Li ZM, Cai PR, Han B, Wang LS. An approach using Caenorhabditis elegans screening novel targets to suppress tumour cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12832. [PMID: 32452127 PMCID: PMC7309951 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumour cell proliferation requires high metabolism to meet the bioenergetics and biosynthetic needs. Dauer in Caenorhabditis elegans is characterized by lower metabolism, and we established an approach with C elegans to find potential tumour therapy targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNAi screening was used to find dauer-related genes, and these genes were further analysed in glp-1(-) mutants for tumour-suppressing testing. The identified tumour-related genes were verified in clinical tumour tissues. RESULTS The lifespan of glp-1(-) mutants was found to be extended by classical dauer formation signalling. Then, 61 of 287 kinase-coding genes in Caenorhabditis elegans were identified as dauer-related genes, of which 27 were found to be homologous to human oncogenes. Furthermore, 12 dauer-related genes were randomly selected for tumour-suppressing test, and six genes significantly extended the lifespan of glp-1(-) mutants. Of these six genes, F47D12.9, W02B12.12 and gcy-21 were newly linked to dauer formation. These three new dauer-related genes significantly suppressed tumour cell proliferation and thus extended the lifespan of glp-1(-) mutants in a longevity- or dauer-independent manner. The mRNA expression profiles indicated that these dauer-related genes trigged similar low metabolism pattern in glp-1(-) mutants. Notably, the expression of homolog gene DCAF4L2/F47D12.9, TSSK6/W02B12.12 and NPR1/gcy-21 was found to be higher in glioma compared with adjacent normal tissue. In addition, the high expression of TSSK6/W02B12.12 and NPR1/gcy-21 correlated with a worse survival in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Dauer gene screening in combination with tumour-suppressing test in glp-1(-) mutants provided a useful approach to find potential targets for tumour therapy via suppressing tumour cell proliferation and rewiring tumour cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yue Kong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Ran Cai
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Phase I Study of IGF-Methotrexate Conjugate in the Treatment of Advanced Tumors Expressing IGF-1R. Am J Clin Oncol 2019; 42:862-869. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Rodrigues Alves APN, Fernandes JC, Fenerich BA, Coelho-Silva JL, Scheucher PS, Simões BP, Rego EM, Ridley AJ, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F. IGF1R/IRS1 targeting has cytotoxic activity and inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 456:59-68. [PMID: 31042587 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The IGF1R/IRS1 signaling is activated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and can be targeted by the pharmacological inhibitors NT157 (IGF1R-IRS1/2 inhibitor) and OSI-906 (IGF1R/IR inhibitor). Here we investigate the cellular and molecular effects of NT157 and OSI-906 in ALL cells. NT157 and OSI-906 treatment reduced viability, proliferation and cell cycle progression in ALL cell lines. Similarly, in primary samples of patients with ALL, both OSI-906 and NT157 reduced viability, but only NT157 induced apoptosis. NT157 and OSI-906 did not show cytotoxicity in primary samples from healthy donor. NT157 and OSI-906 significantly decreased Jurkat cell migration, but did not modulate Namalwa migration. Consistent with the more potent effect of NT157 on cells, NT157 significantly modulated expression of 25 genes related to the MAPK signaling pathway in Jurkat cells, including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Both compounds inhibited mTOR and p70S6K activity, but only NT157 inhibited AKT and 4-EBP1 activation. In summary, in ALL cells, NT157 has cytotoxic activity, whereas OSI-906 is cytostatic. NT157 has a stronger effect on ALL cells, and thus the direct inhibition of IRS1 may be a potential therapeutic target in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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14
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Kosalai ST, Morsy MHA, Papakonstantinou N, Mansouri L, Stavroyianni N, Kanduri C, Stamatopoulos K, Rosenquist R, Kanduri M. EZH2 upregulates the PI3K/AKT pathway through IGF1R and MYC in clinically aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1125-1140. [PMID: 31216925 PMCID: PMC6773411 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1633867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is overexpressed in poor-prognostic chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cases, acting as an oncogene; however, thus far, the EZH2 target genes in CLL have not been disclosed. In this study, using ChIP-sequencing, we identified EZH2 and H3K27me3 target genes in two prognostic subgroups of CLL with distinct prognosis and outcome, i.e., cases with unmutated (U-CLL, n = 6) or mutated IGHV genes (M-CLL, n = 6). While the majority of oncogenic pathways were equally enriched for EZH2 target genes in both prognostic subgroups, PI3K pathway genes were differentially bound by EZH2 in U-CLL versus M-CLL. The occupancy of EZH2 for selected PI3K pathway target genes was validated in additional CLL samples (n = 16) and CLL cell lines using siRNA-mediated EZH2 downregulation and ChIP assays. Intriguingly, we found that EZH2 directly binds to the IGF1R promoter along with MYC and upregulates IGF1R expression in U-CLL, leading to downstream PI3K activation. By investigating an independent CLL cohort (n = 96), a positive correlation was observed between EZH2 and IGF1R expression with higher levels in U-CLL compared to M-CLL. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated downregulation of either EZH2, MYC or IGF1R and treatment with EZH2 and MYC pharmacological inhibitors in the HG3 CLL cell line induced a significant reduction in PI3K pathway activation. In conclusion, we characterize for the first time EZH2 target genes in CLL revealing a hitherto unknown implication of EZH2 in modulating the PI3K pathway in a non-canonical, PRC2-independent way, with potential therapeutic implications considering that PI3K inhibitors are effective therapeutic agents for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subazini Thankaswamy Kosalai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | | | - Nikos Papakonstantinou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Larry Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Niki Stavroyianni
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Meena Kanduri
- Department of Clinical chemistry and Transfusion medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
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15
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IGF1R as druggable target mediating PI3K-δ inhibitor resistance in a murine model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2019; 134:534-547. [PMID: 31010847 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018881029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of cancers, but resistance evolves against these therapies and derogates their success. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3K-δ) inhibitor idelalisib has been approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but the mechanisms conferring resistance in a subset of patients are unknown. Here, we modeled resistance to PI3K-δ inhibitor in vivo using a serial tumor transfer and treatment scheme in mice. Whole-exome sequencing did not identify any recurrent mutation explaining resistance to PI3K-δ inhibitor. In the murine model, resistance to PI3K-δ inhibitor occurred as a result of a signaling switch mediated by consistent and functionally relevant activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), resulting in enhanced MAPK signaling in the resistant tumors. Overexpression of IGF1R in vitro demonstrated its prominent role in PI3K-δ inhibitor resistance. IGF1R upregulation in PI3K-δ inhibitor-resistant tumors was mediated by functional activation and enhanced nuclear localization of forkhead box protein O1 transcription factors and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. In human CLL, high IGF1R expression was associated with trisomy 12. CLL cells from an idelalisib-treated patient showed decreased sensitivity to idelalisib in vitro concomitant with enhanced MAPK signaling and strong upregulation of IGF1R upon idelalisib exposure. Thus, our results highlight that alternative signaling cascades play a predominant role in the resistance and survival of cancer cells under PI3K-δ inhibition. We also demonstrate that these pathway alterations can serve as therapeutic targets, because inhibition of IGF1R offered efficacious salvage treatment of PI3K-δ inhibitor-resistant tumors in vitro and in vivo.
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16
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Zeidan MA, Mostafa AS, Gomaa RM, Abou-zeid LA, El-Mesery M, El-Sayed MAA, Selim KB. Design, synthesis and docking study of novel picolinamide derivatives as anticancer agents and VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:315-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Casola S, Perucho L, Tripodo C, Sindaco P, Ponzoni M, Facchetti F. The B‐cell receptor in control of tumor B‐cell fitness: Biology and clinical relevance. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:198-213. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Casola
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Laura Perucho
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology UnitDepartment of Health SciencesUniversity of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Tumor and Microenvironment Histopathology UnitThe FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Paola Sindaco
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.)Hematology SectionUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology and Lymphoid Malignancies UnitsAteneo Vita‐Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineSection of PathologyUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
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18
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Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Parray AS, Merhi M, Arredouani A, Chikri M, Uddin S, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Steinhoff M, Janahi IA, Azizi F. Evaluation of cationic channel TRPV2 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in Leukemia-Implications concerning the resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1554. [PMID: 30733502 PMCID: PMC6367460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated during leukemia face the risk of complications including pulmonary dysfunction that may result from infiltration of leukemic blast cells (LBCs) into lung parenchyma and interstitium. In LBCs, we demonstrated that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 channel (TRPV2), reputed for its role in inflammatory processes, exhibited oncogenic activity associated with alteration of its molecular expression profile. TRPV2 was overexpressed in LBCs compared to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, functional full length isoform and nonfunctional short form pore-less variant of TRPV2 protein were up-regulated and down-regulated respectively in LBCs. However, the opposite was found in PBMCs. TRPV2 silencing or pharmacological targeting by Tranilast (TL) or SKF96365 (SKF) triggered caspace-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. TL and SKF inhibited chemotactic peptide fMLP-induced response linked to TRPV2 Ca2+ activity, and down-regulated expression of surface marker CD38 involved in leukemia and lung airway inflammation. Challenging lung airway epithelial cells (AECs) with LBCs decreased (by more than 50%) transepithelial resistance (TER) denoting barrier function alteration. Importantly, TL prevented such loss in TER. Therefore, TRPV2 merits further exploration as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for leukemia patients (with pulmonary inflammation) who might be suitable for a novel [adjuvant] therapeutic strategy based on TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aeijaz S Parray
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research-Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed Chikri
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research-Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fouad Azizi
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Haseeb M, Anwar MA, Choi S. Molecular Interactions Between Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2720. [PMID: 30542344 PMCID: PMC6277854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity constitutes the first line of host defense against various anomalies in humans, and it also guides the adaptive immune response. The function of innate immune components and adaptive immune components are interlinked in hematological malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and molecular interactions between innate and adaptive immune components are crucial for the development, progression and the therapeutic outcome of CLL. In this leukemia, genetic mutations in B cells and B cell receptors (BCR) are key driving factors along with evasion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and promotion of regulatory T cells. Similarly, the release of various cytokines from CLL cells triggers the protumor phenotype in macrophages that further edges the CLL cells. Moreover, under the influence of various cytokines, dendritic cells are unable to mature and trigger T cell mediated antitumor response. The phenotypes of these cells are ultimately controlled by respective signaling pathways, the most notables are BCR, Wnt, Notch, and NF-κB, and their activation affects the cytokine profile that controls the pathogenesis of CLL, and challenge its treatment. There are several novel substances for CLL under clinical development, including kinase inhibitors, antibodies, and immune-modulators that offer new hopes. DC-based vaccines and CAR T cell therapy are promising tools; however, further studies are required to precisely dissect the molecular interactions among various molecular entities. In this review, we systematically discuss the involvement, common targets and therapeutic interventions of various cells for the better understanding and therapy of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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20
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Machado-Neto JA, Fenerich BA, Rodrigues Alves APN, Fernandes JC, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Coelho-Silva JL, Traina F. Insulin Substrate Receptor (IRS) proteins in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e566s. [PMID: 30328953 PMCID: PMC6169455 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e566s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are a family of cytoplasmic proteins that integrate and coordinate the transmission of signals from the extracellular to the intracellular environment via transmembrane receptors, thus regulating cell growth, metabolism, survival and proliferation. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways are the best-characterized downstream signaling pathways activated by IRS signaling (canonical pathways). However, novel signaling axes involving IRS proteins (noncanonical pathways) have recently been identified in solid tumor and hematologic neoplasm models. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS2) are the best-characterized IRS proteins in hematologic-related processes. IRS2 binds to important cellular receptors involved in normal hematopoiesis (EPOR, MPL and IGF1R). Moreover, the identification of IRS1/ABL1 and IRS2/JAK2V617F interactions and their functional consequences has opened a new frontier for investigating the roles of the IRS protein family in malignant hematopoiesis. Insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS4) is absent in normal hematopoietic tissues but may be expressed under abnormal conditions. Moreover, insulin receptor substrate-5 (DOK4) and insulin receptor substrate-6 (DOK5) are linked to lymphocyte regulation. An improved understanding of the signaling pathways mediated by IRS proteins in hematopoiesis-related processes, along with the increased development of agonists and antagonists of these signaling axes, may generate new therapeutic approaches for hematological diseases. The scope of this review is to recapitulate and review the evidence for the functions of IRS proteins in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Farmacologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ana Paula Nunes Rodrigues Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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21
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Thobe K, Kuznia C, Sers C, Siebert H. Evaluating Uncertainty in Signaling Networks Using Logical Modeling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1335. [PMID: 30364151 PMCID: PMC6191669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems biology studies the structure and dynamics of biological systems using mathematical approaches. Bottom-up approaches create models from prior knowledge but usually cannot cope with uncertainty, whereas top-down approaches infer models directly from data using statistical methods but mostly neglect valuable known information from former studies. Here, we want to present a workflow that includes prior knowledge while allowing for uncertainty in the modeling process. We build not one but all possible models that arise from the uncertainty using logical modeling and subsequently filter for those models in agreement with data in a top-down manner. This approach enables us to investigate new and more complex biological research questions, however, the encoding in such a framework is often not obvious and thus not easily accessible for researcher from life sciences. To mitigate this problem, we formulate a pipeline with specific templates to address some research questions common in signaling network analysis. To illustrate the potential of this approach, we applied the pipeline to growth factor signaling processes in two renal cancer cell lines. These two cell lines originate from similar tissue, but surprisingly showed a very different behavior toward the cancer drug Sorafenib. Thus our aim was to explore differences between these cell lines regarding three sources of uncertainty in one analysis: possible targets of Sorafenib, crosstalk between involved pathways, and the effect of a mutation in mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in one of the cell lines. We were able to show that the model pools from the cell lines are disjoint, thus the discrepancies in behavior originate from differences in the cellular wiring. Also the mutation in mTOR is not affecting its activity in the pathway. The results on Sorafenib, while not fully clarifying the mechanisms involved, illustrate the potential of this analysis for generating new hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Thobe
- Group for Discrete Biomathematics, Department for Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Group for Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Kuznia
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Sers
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Siebert
- Group for Discrete Biomathematics, Department for Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Qu C, Kunkalla K, Vaghefi A, Frederiksen JK, Liu Y, Chapman JR, Blonska M, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Alderuccio JP, Lossos IS, Landgraf R, Vega F. Smoothened stabilizes and protects TRAF6 from degradation: A novel non-canonical role of smoothened with implications in lymphoma biology. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:149-158. [PMID: 30165192 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an (K63) E3-ligase, plays a role in many biological processes and its activity is relevant in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) biology. Although molecules that trigger TRAF6 activation have been defined, those that stabilize TRAF6 and/or enhance TRAF6 function remain largely unclear. We found that TRAF6 amplifies pAKT signaling in DLBCL. Moreover, TRAF6 activation and stabilization of its ubiquitination profile are facilitated by smoothened (SMO), signal transducer of canonical Hedgehog signaling. Here, we report that SMO is needed to facilitate and maintain TRAF6-dependent elevated pAKT levels, and that the SMO/TRAF6 axis contributes to doxorubicin resistance in DLBCL. Mechanistically, we found that SMO, through its C-terminal tail, stabilizes and protects TRAF6 from degradation, an effect mediated by ubiquitin-specific protease-8. Moreover, this functional link between SMO and TRAF6 is reflected in DLBCL patients where high expression of both molecules correlates with poor prognosis. In summary, our study reveals a novel cell survival mechanism in which SMO stabilizes and protects TRAF6 from degradation. The axis SMO/TRAF6/AKT is highly relevant in the biology of DLBCL and is involved in doxorubicin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changju Qu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Kranthi Kunkalla
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amineh Vaghefi
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John K Frederiksen
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jennifer R Chapman
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marzenna Blonska
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leon Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia
| | - Juan Pablo Alderuccio
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Francisco Vega
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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23
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Autore F, Strati P, Laurenti L, Ferrajoli A. Morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with trisomy 12: a comprehensive review. Haematologica 2018; 103:931-938. [PMID: 29748447 PMCID: PMC6058775 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.186684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is an extremely heterogeneous disease and prognostic factors such as chromosomal abnormalities are important predictors of time to first treatment and survival. Trisomy 12 is the second most frequent aberration detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization at the time of diagnosis (10-25%), and it confers an intermediate prognostic risk, with a median time to first treatment of 33 months and a median overall survival of 114 months. Here, we review the unique morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic characteristics of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and trisomy 12. These patients carry a significantly higher expression of CD19, CD22, CD20, CD79b, CD24, CD27, CD38, CD49d, sIgM, sIgk, and sIgλ and lower expression of CD43 compared with patients with normal karyotype. Circulating cells show increased expression of the integrins CD11b, CD18, CD29, and ITGB7, and of the adhesion molecule CD323. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and trisomy 12 frequently have unmutated IGHV, ZAP-70 positivity, and closely homologous stereotyped B-cell receptors. They rarely show TP53 mutations but frequently have NOTCH1 mutations, which can be identified in up to 40% of those with a rapidly progressive clinical course.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Genetic Association Studies
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Pancytopenia/pathology
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Autore
- Hematology Institute, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Strati
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Institute, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Göthert JR, Imsak R, Möllmann M, Kesper S, Göbel M, Dührsen U, Scholz A, Lücking U, Baumann M, Unger A, Schultz-Fademrecht C, Klebl B, Eickhoff J, Choidas A, Dürig J. Potent anti-leukemic activity of a specific cyclin-dependent kinase 9 inhibitor in mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26353-26369. [PMID: 29899864 PMCID: PMC5995184 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Onset of progression even during therapy with novel drugs remains an issue in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Thus, there is ongoing demand for novel agents. Approaches targeting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) have reached the clinical trial stage. CDK9 mediating RNA transcriptional elongation is the evolving pivotal CLL CDK inhibitor target. However, more CDK9 selective compounds are desirable. Here, we describe the CDK9 inhibitor LDC526 displaying a low nanomolar biochemical activity against CDK9 and an at least 50-fold selectivity against other CDKs. After demonstrating in vitro MEC-1 cell line and primary human CLL cell cytotoxicity we evaluated the LDC526 in vivo effect on human CLL cells transplanted into NOD/scid/γcnull (NSG) mice. LDC526 administration (75 mg/kg) for 5 days resulted in a 77% reduction of human CLL cells in NSG spleens compared to carrier control treatment. Next, we longitudinally studied the LDC526 impact on circulating CLL cells in the TCL1 transgenic mouse model. LDC526 (50 mg/kg) administration for two days led to a 16-fold reduction of blood CLL cell numbers. Remarkably, residual CLL cells exhibited significantly increased intracellular BCL-2 levels. However, the LDC526 cytotoxic effect was not restricted to CLL cells as also declining numbers of normal B and T lymphocytes were observed in LDC526 treated TCL1 mice. Taken together, our in vivo data provide a strong rational for continued LDC526 development in CLL therapy and argue for the combination with BCL-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roze Imsak
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Möllmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kesper
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Göbel
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arne Scholz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lücking
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Choidas
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Li T, Wang J, Liu P, Chi J, Yan H, Lei L, Li Z, Yang B, Wang X. Insulin-like growth factor 2 axis supports the serum-independent growth of malignant rhabdoid tumor and is activated by microenvironment stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47269-47283. [PMID: 28521298 PMCID: PMC5564563 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare, lethal, pediatric tumors predominantly found in the kidney, brain and soft tissues. MRTs are driven by loss of tumor suppressor SNF5/INI1/SMARCB1/BAF47. The prognosis of MRT is poor using currently available treatments, so new treatment targets need to be identified to expand treatment options for patients experiencing chemotherapy resistance. The growth hormone insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signaling pathway is a promising target to overcome drug resistance in many cancers. Here, we evaluated the role of IGF2 axis in MRT cell proliferation. We showed that microenvironment stress, including starvation treatment and chemotherapy exposure, lead to elevated expression of IGF2 in the SNF5-deficient MRT cell line. The autocrine IGF2, in turn, activated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (INSR), followed by PI3K/AKT pathway and RAS/ERK pathway to promote cancer cell proliferation and survival. We further demonstrated that impairment of IGF2 signaling by IGF2 neutralizing antibody, IGF1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541 or AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl treatment prevented MRT cell growth in vitro. Taken together, our characterization of this axis defines a novel mechanism for MRT cell growth in the microenvironment of stress. Our results also demonstrated the necessity to test the treatment effect targeting this axis in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino-Us Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiadong Chi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zexing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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26
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Vishwamitra D, George SK, Shi P, Kaseb AO, Amin HM. Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1814-1844. [PMID: 27661006 PMCID: PMC5352101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays key roles in the establishment and progression of different types of cancer. In agreement with this idea, substantial evidence has shown that the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and its primary ligand IGF-I are important for maintaining the survival of malignant cells of hematopoietic origin. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role of IGF-IR signaling in cancer with a focus on the hematological neoplasms. We also address the emergence of IGF-IR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different types of cancer including plasma cell myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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27
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Kumar AS, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Targeting IGF1R pathway in cancer with microRNAs: How close are we? RNA Biol 2018; 15:320-326. [PMID: 28613101 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1338240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the head and neck are the most common cancers in India and account for 30% of all cancers. At molecular level, it could be attributed to the overexpression of growth factors like IGF1-R, EGFR, VEGF-R and deregulation of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors. IGF1-R is an emerging target in head and neck cancer treatment, because of its reported role in tumor development, progression and metastasis. IGF1R targeted agents are in advanced stages of clinical development. Nevertheless, these agents suffer from several disadvantages including acquired resistance and toxic side effects. Hence there is a need for developing newer agents targeting not only the receptor but also its downstream signaling. miRNAs are considered as master regulators of gene expression of multiple genes and has been widely reported to be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the present status of research in both these arenas and emphasizes the role of miRNA as a promising agent for biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathy S Kumar
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT M) , Chennai , India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT M) , Chennai , India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- b Department of Human Genetics , College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology & Research, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai , India
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28
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Alcaraz-Serna A, Somovilla-Crespo B, Muñoz-Calleja C. Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Not Just Lineage-Specific Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1936. [PMID: 29387053 PMCID: PMC5776327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a widespread and necessary tool for biomedical science. In the hematological cancer field, since rituximab became the first mAb approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, a number of effective mAbs targeting lineage-specific antigens (LSAs) have been successfully developed. Non-LSAs (NLSAs) are molecules that are not restricted to specific leukocyte subsets or tissues but play relevant pathogenic roles in blood cancers including the development, proliferation, survival, and refractoriness to therapy of tumor cells. In consequence, efforts to target NLSAs have resulted in a plethora of mAbs-marketed or in development-to achieve different goals like neutralizing oncogenic pathways, blocking tumor-related chemotactic pathways, mobilizing malignant cells from tumor microenvironment to peripheral blood, modulating immune-checkpoints, or delivering cytotoxic drugs into tumor cells. Here, we extensively review several novel mAbs directed against NLSAs undergoing clinical evaluation for treating hematological malignancies. The review focuses on the structure of these antibodies, proposed mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety profile in clinical studies, and their potential applications in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaraz-Serna
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Biondani G, Peyron JF. Metformin, an Anti-diabetic Drug to Target Leukemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 30147674 PMCID: PMC6095966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic molecule, has attracted a strong interest in the last 10 years as a possible new anti-cancer molecule. Metformin acts by interfering with mitochondrial respiration, leading to an activation of the AMPK tumor-suppressive pathway to promote catabolic-energy saving reactions and block anabolic ones that are associated with abnormal cell proliferation. Metformin also acts at the organism level. In type 2 diabetes patients, metformin reduces hyperglycemia and increases insulin sensitivity by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscles, liver, and adipose tissue and by reducing glucose output by the liver. Lowering insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels that stimulate cancer growth could be important features of metformin's mode of action. Despite continuous progress in treatments with the use of targeted therapies and now immunotherapies, acute leukemias are still of very poor prognosis for relapse patients, demonstrating an important need for new treatments deriving from the identification of their pathological supportive mechanisms. In the last decade, it has been realized that if cancer cells modify and reprogram their metabolism to feed their intense biochemical needs associated with their runaway proliferation, they develop metabolic addictions that could represent attractive targets for new therapeutic strategies that intend to starve and kill cancer cells. This Mini Review explores the anti-leukemic potential of metformin and its mode of action on leukemia metabolism.
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Abbaci A, Talbot H, Saada S, Gachard N, Abraham J, Jaccard A, Bordessoule D, Fauchais AL, Naves T, Jauberteau MO. Neurotensin receptor type 2 protects B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from apoptosis. Oncogene 2017; 37:756-767. [PMID: 29059151 PMCID: PMC5808079 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells are resistant to apoptosis, and consequently accumulate to the detriment of normal B cells and patient immunity. Because current therapies fail to eradicate these apoptosis-resistant cells, it is essential to identify alternative survival pathways as novel targets for anticancer therapies. Overexpression of cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors drives cell transformation, and thus plays a critical role in malignancies. In this study, we identified neurotensin receptor 2 (NTSR2) as an essential driver of apoptosis resistance in B-CLL. NTSR2 was highly expressed in B-CLL cells, whereas expression of its natural ligand, neurotensin (NTS), was minimal in both B-CLL cells and patient plasma. Surprisingly, NTSR2 remained in a constitutively active phosphorylated state, caused not by a mutation-induced gain-of-function but rather by an interaction with the oncogenic tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. Functional and biochemical characterization revealed that the NTSR2-TrkB interaction acts as a conditional oncogenic driver requiring the TrkB ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which unlike NTS is highly expressed in B-CLL cells. Together, NTSR2, TrkB and BDNF induce autocrine and/or paracrine survival pathways that are independent of mutation status and indolent or progressive disease course. The NTSR2-TrkB interaction activates survival signaling pathways, including the Src and AKT kinase pathways, as well as expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. When NTSR2 was downregulated, TrkB failed to protect B-CLL cells from a drastic decrease in viability via typical apoptotic cell death, reflected by DNA fragmentation and Annexin V presentation. Together, our findings demonstrate that the NTSR2-TrkB interaction plays a crucial role in B-CLL cell survival, suggesting that inhibition of NTSR2 represents a promising targeted strategy for treating B-CLL malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abbaci
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - H Talbot
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - S Saada
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - N Gachard
- Hematology Laboratory, Dupuytren Hospital University Center of Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France.,CNRS-UMR 7276, Limoges University, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - J Abraham
- Department of Hematology, Dupuytren Hospital University Center of Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - A Jaccard
- CNRS-UMR 7276, Limoges University, Limoges Cedex, France.,Department of Hematology, Dupuytren Hospital University Center of Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - D Bordessoule
- CNRS-UMR 7276, Limoges University, Limoges Cedex, France.,Department of Hematology, Dupuytren Hospital University Center of Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - A L Fauchais
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges Cedex, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Dupuytren Hospital University Center of Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - T Naves
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - M O Jauberteau
- Limoges University, Equipe Accueil 3842, Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges Cedex, France.,Department of Immunology, Dupuytren Hospital University Center of Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
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van Attekum MH, Eldering E, Kater AP. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells are active participants in microenvironmental cross-talk. Haematologica 2017; 102:1469-1476. [PMID: 28775118 PMCID: PMC5685246 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.142679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is
widely accepted. Nevertheless, the understanding of the complex interplay
between the various types of bystander cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
cells is incomplete. Numerous studies have indicated that bystander cells
provide chronic lymphocytic leukemia-supportive functions, but it has also
become clear that chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells actively engage in the
formation of a supportive tumor microenvironment through several cross-talk
mechanisms. In this review, we describe how chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
participate in this interplay by inducing migration and tumor-supportive
differentiation of bystander cells. Furthermore, chronic lymphocytic
leukemia-mediated alterations in the interactions between bystander cells are
discussed. Upon bystander cell interaction, chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
secrete cytokines and chemokines such as migratory factors [chemokine
(C-C motif) ligand 22 and chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2], which result
in further recruitment of T cells but also of monocyte-derived cells. Within the
tumor microenvironment, chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce
differentiation towards a tumor-supportive M2 phenotype of monocyte-derived
cells and suppress phagocytosis, but also induce increased numbers of supportive
regulatory T cells. Like other tumor types, the differentiation of stromal cells
towards supportive cancer-associated fibroblasts is critically dependent on
chronic lymphocytic leukemia-derived factors such as exosomes and
platelet-derived growth factor. Lastly, both chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
bystander cells induce a tolerogenic tumor microenvironment; chronic lymphocytic
leukemia-secreted cytokines, such as interleukin-10, suppress cytotoxic T-cell
functions, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated monocyte-derived cells
contribute to suppression of T-cell function by producing the immune checkpoint
factor, programmed cell death-ligand 1. Deeper understanding of the active
involvement and cross-talk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in shaping the
tumor microenvironment may offer novel clues for designing therapeutic
strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Ha van Attekum
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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The mutational landscape of ocular marginal zone lymphoma identifies frequent alterations in TNFAIP3 followed by mutations in TBL1XR1 and CREBBP. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17038-17049. [PMID: 28152507 PMCID: PMC5370020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular marginal zone lymphoma is a common type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. To investigate the genomic changes that occur in ocular marginal zone lymphoma, we analyzed 10 cases of ocular marginal zone lymphoma using whole-genome and RNA sequencing and an additional 38 cases using targeted sequencing. Major genetic alterations affecting genes involved in nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway activation (60%), chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation (44%), and B-cell differentiation (23%) were identified. In whole-genome sequencing, the 6q23.3 region containing TNFAIP3 was deleted in 5 samples (50%). In addition, 5 structural variation breakpoints in the first intron of IL20RA located in the 6q23.3 region was found in 3 samples (30%). In targeted sequencing, a disruptive mutation of TNFAIP3 was the most common alteration (54%), followed by mutations of TBL1XR1 (18%), cAMP response element binding proteins (CREBBP) (17%) and KMT2D (6%). All TBL1XR1 mutations were located within the WD40 domain, and TBL1XR1 mutants transfected into 293T cells increased TBL1XR1 binding with nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR), leading to increased degradation of NCoR and the activation of NF-κB and JUN target genes. This study confirms genes involving in the activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway is the major driver in the oncogenesis of ocular MZL.
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Wang X. Klotho suppresses tumor progression via inhibiting IGF-1R signaling in T‑cell lymphoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:967-974. [PMID: 28656297 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a transmembrane protein and acts as an upstream modulator of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling, which was indicated to be involved in the pathogenesis of solid cancer and hematological malignancies, including T‑cell lymphoma. Although Klotho was recently identified as a tumor suppressor in several types of human malignancies, the potential role of Klotho in T‑cell lymphoma has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the expression level and the molecular events of Klotho in T‑cell lymphoma. Significantly lower expression of Klotho was observed in T‑cell lymphoma patient samples compared to normal lymph nodes. Functional analysis after Klotho overexpression revealed significantly inhibited tumor cell viability in T‑cell lymphoma. Moreover, apoptosis of T‑cell lymphoma cells were induced after transfected with Klotho-overexpressing vectors. Forced expression of Klotho resulted in decline of activation of IGF-1R signaling, accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of its downstream targets, including AKT and ERK1/2. These data indicated that Klotho acts as a tumor suppressor via inhibiting IGF-1R signaling, thus suppressing the viability and promoting apoptosis in T‑cell lymphoma. Taken together, Klotho may serve as a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of T‑cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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34
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Oliveira ML, Akkapeddi P, Alcobia I, Almeida AR, Cardoso BA, Fragoso R, Serafim TL, Barata JT. From the outside, from within: Biological and therapeutic relevance of signal transduction in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Signal 2017. [PMID: 28645565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer that arises from clonal expansion of transformed T-cell precursors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the external stimuli and cell-intrinsic lesions that drive aberrant activation of pivotal, pro-tumoral intracellular signaling pathways in T-cell precursors, driving transformation, leukemia expansion, spread or resistance to therapy. In addition to their pathophysiological relevance, receptors and kinases involved in signal transduction are often attractive candidates for targeted drug development. As such, we discuss also the potential of T-ALL signaling players as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alcobia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Afonso R Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno A Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa L Serafim
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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35
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Kuo HP, Ezell SA, Schweighofer KJ, Cheung LWK, Hsieh S, Apatira M, Sirisawad M, Eckert K, Hsu SJ, Chen CT, Beaupre DM, Versele M, Chang BY. Combination of Ibrutinib and ABT-199 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1246-1256. [PMID: 28428442 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma are the most prevalent B-lymphocyte neoplasms in which abnormal activation of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK)-mediated B-cell receptor signaling pathway contributes to pathogenesis. Ibrutinib is an oral covalent BTK inhibitor that has shown some efficacy in both indications. To improve ibrutinib efficacy through combination therapy, we first investigated differential gene expression in parental and ibrutinib-resistant cell lines to better understand the mechanisms of resistance. Ibrutinib-resistant TMD8 cells had higher BCL2 gene expression and increased sensitivity to ABT-199, a BCL-2 inhibitor. Consistently, clinical samples from ABC-DLBCL patients who experienced poorer response to ibrutinib had higher BCL2 gene expression. We further demonstrated synergistic growth suppression by ibrutinib and ABT-199 in multiple ABC-DLBCL, GCB-DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma cell lines. The combination of both drugs also reduced colony formation, increased apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in a TMD8 xenograft model. A synergistic combination effect was also found in ibrutinib-resistant cells generated by either genetic mutation or drug treatment. Together, these findings suggest a potential clinical benefit from ibrutinib and ABT-199 combination therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1246-56. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Ping Kuo
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Scott A Ezell
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Karl J Schweighofer
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Leo W K Cheung
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Sidney Hsieh
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Mutiah Apatira
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Mint Sirisawad
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Karl Eckert
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Ssucheng J Hsu
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Chun-Te Chen
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Darrin M Beaupre
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California
| | | | - Betty Y Chang
- Research Department, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, California.
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36
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Chen YCE, Mapp S, Blumenthal A, Burgess ML, Mazzieri R, Mattarollo SR, Mollee P, Gill D, Saunders NA. The duality of macrophage function in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:176-182. [PMID: 28347751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukaemia and, in some patients, is accompanied by resistance to both chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics. In this review we will discuss the role of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) in promoting CLL cell survival and resistance to immunotherapeutics. In addition, we will discuss mechanisms by which TAMs suppress T-cell mediated antitumour responses. Thus, targeting macrophages could be used to i) reduce the leukaemic burden via the induction of T-cell-mediated antitumour responses, ii) to reduce pro-survival signalling and enhance response to conventional chemotherapeutics or iii) enhance the response to therapeutic antibodies in current clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C E Chen
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S Mapp
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - A Blumenthal
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - M L Burgess
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - R Mazzieri
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S R Mattarollo
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - P Mollee
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - D Gill
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - N A Saunders
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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Coyne CP, Narayanan L. Gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R]: molecular design, synthetic organic chemistry reactions, and antineoplastic cytotoxic potency in populations of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549). Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:379-399. [PMID: 27561602 PMCID: PMC5396302 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One molecular-based approach that increases potency and reduces dose-limited sequela is the implementation of selective 'targeted' delivery strategies for conventional small molecular weight chemotherapeutic agents. Descriptions of the molecular design and organic chemistry reactions that are applicable for synthesis of covalent gemcitabine-monophosphate immunochemotherapeutics have to date not been reported. The covalent immunopharmaceutical, gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R] was synthesized by reacting gemcitabine with a carbodiimide reagent to form a gemcitabine carbodiimide phosphate ester intermediate which was subsequently reacted with imidazole to create amine-reactive gemcitabine-(5'-phosphorylimidazolide) intermediate. Monoclonal anti-IGF-1R immunoglobulin was combined with gemcitabine-(5'-phosphorylimidazolide) resulting in the synthetic formation of gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R]. The gemcitabine molar incorporation index for gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-R1] was 2.67:1. Cytotoxicity Analysis - dramatic increases in antineoplastic cytotoxicity were observed at and between the gemcitabine-equivalent concentrations of 10-9 M and 10-7 M where lethal cancer cell death increased from 0.0% to a 93.1% maximum (100.% to 6.93% residual survival), respectively. Advantages of the organic chemistry reactions in the multistage synthesis scheme for gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R] include their capacity to achieve high chemotherapeutic molar incorporation ratios; option of producing an amine-reactive chemotherapeutic intermediate that can be preserved for future synthesis applications; and non-dedicated organic chemistry reaction scheme that allows substitutions of either or both therapeutic moieties, and molecular delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody P. Coyne
- Department of Basic SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineWise CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA
- College of Veterinary MedicineWise CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Basic SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineWise CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA
- College of Veterinary MedicineWise CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA
- Present address: Fishery and Wildlife Research CenterMississippi State UniversityLocksley Way 201Mississippi StateMSUSA
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38
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Zhou X, Fang X, Jiang Y, Geng L, Li X, Li Y, Lu K, Li P, Lv X, Wang X. Klotho, an anti-aging gene, acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibitor of IGF-1R signaling in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:37. [PMID: 28153033 PMCID: PMC5288890 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klotho, is a transmembrane protein, performs as a circulating hormone and upstream modulator of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Wnt signaling pathways. These pathways are involved in the development and progression of B cell lymphoma. We aimed to explore the expression pattern and functional mechanism of Klotho in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting were performed to detect the expression level of Klotho in DLBCL patients and cell lines. Tumor suppressive effect of Klotho was determined by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Signaling pathway activity was assessed by western blotting. Results Remarkable lower expression levels of Klotho were observed in DLBCL patients and cell lines. Enforced expression of Klotho could significantly induce cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in DLBCL. Upregulation of Klotho resulted in declined activation of IGF-1R signaling, accompanied with decreased phosphorylation of its downstream targets, including AKT and ERK1/2. Moreover, xenograft model treated with either Klotho overexpression vector or recombinant human Klotho administration presented restrained tumor growth and lower Ki67 staining. Conclusions Our findings establish that Klotho performs as a tumor suppressor and modulator of IGF-1R signaling in DLBCL. Targeting Klotho may provide novel strategies for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Geng
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Bruno S, Ledda B, Tenca C, Ravera S, Orengo AM, Mazzarello AN, Pesenti E, Casciaro S, Racchi O, Ghiotto F, Marini C, Sambuceti G, DeCensi A, Fais F. Metformin inhibits cell cycle progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22624-40. [PMID: 26265439 PMCID: PMC4673187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was believed to result from clonal accumulation of resting apoptosis-resistant malignant B lymphocytes. However, it became increasingly clear that CLL cells undergo, during their life, iterative cycles of re-activation and subsequent clonal expansion. Drugs interfering with CLL cell cycle entry would be greatly beneficial in the treatment of this disease. 1, 1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin), the most widely prescribed oral hypoglycemic agent, inexpensive and well tolerated, has recently received increased attention for its potential antitumor activity. We wondered whether metformin has apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity on leukemic cells derived from CLL patients. Metformin was administered in vitro either to quiescent cells or during CLL cell activation stimuli, provided by classical co-culturing with CD40L-expressing fibroblasts. At doses that were totally ineffective on normal lymphocytes, metformin induced apoptosis of quiescent CLL cells and inhibition of cell cycle entry when CLL were stimulated by CD40-CD40L ligation. This cytostatic effect was accompanied by decreased expression of survival- and proliferation-associated proteins, inhibition of signaling pathways involved in CLL disease progression and decreased intracellular glucose available for glycolysis. In drug combination experiments, metformin lowered the apoptotic threshold and potentiated the cytotoxic effects of classical and novel antitumor molecules. Our results indicate that, while CLL cells after stimulation are in the process of building their full survival and cycling armamentarium, the presence of metformin affects this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernardetta Ledda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudya Tenca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Orengo
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Nicola Mazzarello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island, Experimental Immunology, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Pesenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Casciaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialty, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Omar Racchi
- Hematology-Oncology Unit - Ospedale Villa Scassi, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- CNR Institute of Bioimages and Molecular Physiology, Milan, Section of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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Gusscott S, Jenkins CE, Lam SH, Giambra V, Pollak M, Weng AP. IGF1R Derived PI3K/AKT Signaling Maintains Growth in a Subset of Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161158. [PMID: 27532210 PMCID: PMC4988785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a prevalent signaling pathway in human cancer that supports cell growth/survival and thus contributes to aggressive biological behavior. Much work has gone into development of IGF1R inhibitors; however, candidate agents including small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and blocking antibodies have yet to fulfill their promise clinically. Understanding cellular features that define sensitivity versus resistance are important for effective patient selection and anticipation of outgrowth of a resistant clone. We previously identified an important role for IGF signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) relying primarily upon genetically defined mouse models. We present here an assessment of IGF1R dependence in human T-ALL using a broad panel of 27 established cell lines that capture a spectrum of the genetic variation that might be encountered in clinical practice. We observed that a subset of cell lines are sensitive to IGF1R inhibition and are characterized by high levels of surface IGF1R expression and PTEN positivity. Interestingly, lentiviral expression or knock-down of PTEN in PTEN-negative/positive cell lines, respectively, had limited effects on their response to IGF1R inhibition, suggesting that PTEN contributes to, but does not define IGF dependence. Additionally, we characterize downstream PI3K/AKT signaling as dominant over RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK in mediating growth and/or survival in this context. Finally, we demonstrate that IGF and interleukin-7 (IL-7) fulfill non-overlapping roles in supporting T-ALL growth. These findings are significant in that they reveal cellular features and downstream mechanisms that may determine the response of an individual patient’s tumor to IGF1R inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gusscott
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Sonya H. Lam
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Coyne CP, Narayanan L. Dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramide)-[anti-EGFR]: molecular design, synthetic organic chemistry reactions, and antineoplastic cytotoxic potency against pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549). Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2575-97. [PMID: 27574398 PMCID: PMC4990379 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Corticosteroids are effective in the management of a variety of disease states, such as several forms of neoplasia (leukemia and lymphoma), autoimmune conditions, and severe inflammatory responses. Molecular strategies that selectively "target" delivery of corticosteroids minimize or prevents large amounts of the pharmaceutical moiety from passively diffusing into normal healthy cell populations residing within tissues and organ systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The covalent immunopharmaceutical, dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramide)-[anti-EGFR] was synthesized by reacting dexamethasone-21-monophosphate with a carbodiimide reagent to form a dexamethasone phosphate carbodiimide ester that was subsequently reacted with imidazole to create an amine-reactive dexamethasone-(C21-phosphorylimidazolide) intermediate. Monoclonal anti-EGFR immunoglobulin was combined with the amine-reactive dexamethasone-(C21-phosphorylimidazolide) intermediate, resulting in the synthesis of the covalent immunopharmaceutical, dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramide)-[anti-EGFR]. Following spectrophotometric analysis and validation of retained epidermal growth factor receptor type 1 (EGFR)-binding avidity by cell-ELISA, the selective anti-neoplasic cytotoxic potency of dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramide)-[anti-EGFR] was established by MTT-based vitality stain methodology using adherent monolayer populations of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549) known to overexpress the tropic membrane receptors EGFR and insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1. RESULTS The dexamethasone:IgG molar-incorporation-index for dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramide)-[anti-EGFR] was 6.95:1 following exhaustive serial microfiltration. Cytotoxicity analysis: covalent bonding of dexamethasone to monoclonal anti-EGFR immunoglobulin did not significantly modify the ex vivo antineoplastic cytotoxicity of dexamethasone against pulmonary adenocarcinoma at and between the standardized dexamethasone equivalent concentrations of 10(-9) M and 10(-5) M. Rapid increases in antineoplastic cytotoxicity were observed at and between the dexamethasone equivalent concentrations of 10(-9) M and 10(-7) M where cancer cell death increased from 7.7% to a maximum of 64.9% (92.3%-35.1% residual survival), respectively, which closely paralleled values for "free" noncovalently bound dexamethasone. DISCUSSION Organic chemistry reaction regimens were optimized to develop a multiphase synthesis regimen for dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramide)-[anti-EGFR]. Attributes of dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramide)-[anti-EGFR] include a high dexamethasone molar incorporation-index, lack of extraneous chemical group introduction, retained EGFR-binding avidity ("targeted" delivery properties), and potential to enhance long-term pharmaceutical moiety effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
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Endogenous dendritic cells from the tumor microenvironment support T-ALL growth via IGF1R activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1016-25. [PMID: 26862168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520245113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells require stromal-derived signals to survive. Although many studies have identified cell-intrinsic alterations in signaling pathways that promote T-ALL growth, the identity of endogenous stromal cells and their associated signals in the tumor microenvironment that support T-ALL remains unknown. By examining the thymic tumor microenvironments in multiple murine T-ALL models and primary patient samples, we discovered the emergence of prominent epithelial-free regions, enriched for proliferating tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Systematic evaluation of the functional capacity of tumor-associated stromal cells revealed that myeloid cells, primarily DCs, are necessary and sufficient to support T-ALL survival ex vivo. DCs support T-ALL growth both in primary thymic tumors and at secondary tumor sites. To identify a molecular mechanism by which DCs support T-ALL growth, we first performed gene expression profiling, which revealed up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfrb) and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (Igf1r) on T-ALL cells, with concomitant expression of their ligands by tumor-associated DCs. Both Pdgfrb and Igf1r were activated in ex vivo T-ALL cells, and coculture with tumor-associated, but not normal thymic DCs, sustained IGF1R activation. Furthermore, IGF1R signaling was necessary for DC-mediated T-ALL survival. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that endogenous tumor-associated DCs supply signals driving T-ALL growth, and implicate tumor-associated DCs and their mitogenic signals as auspicious therapeutic targets.
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Bresin A, D'Abundo L, Narducci MG, Fiorenza MT, Croce CM, Negrini M, Russo G. TCL1 transgenic mouse model as a tool for the study of therapeutic targets and microenvironment in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2071. [PMID: 26821067 PMCID: PMC4816192 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy with a mature phenotype. In spite of its relatively indolent nature, no radical cure is as yet available. CLL is not associated with either a unique cytogenetic or a molecular defect, which might have been a potential therapeutic target. Instead, several factors are involved in disease development, such as environmental signals which interact with genetic abnormalities to promote survival, proliferation and an immune surveillance escape. Among these, PI3-Kinase signal pathway alterations are nowadays considered to be clearly important. The TCL1 gene, an AKT co-activator, is the cause of a mature T-cell leukemia, as well as being highly expressed in all B-CLL. A TCL1 transgenic mouse which reproduces leukemia with a distinct immunophenotype and similar to the course of the human B-CLL was developed several years ago and is widely used by many groups. This is a review of the CLL biology arising from work of many independent investigators who have used TCL1 transgenic mouse model focusing on pathogenetic, microenviroment and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bresin
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L D'Abundo
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M G Narducci
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Fiorenza
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sezione di Neuroscienze, Università La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - C M Croce
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, OSU School of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Negrini
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Russo
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The central role of the microRNA (miR) 15a/16-1 cluster in B-cell oncogenesis has been extensively demonstrated, with over two-thirds of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia characterized by the deletion of the miR-15a/16-1 locus at 13q14. Despite the well-established understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring during miR-15a/16-1 dysregulation, the oncogenic role of other miR-15/16 family members, such as the miR-15b/16-2 cluster (3q25), is still far from being elucidated. Whereas miR-15a is highly similar to miR-15b, miR-16-1 is identical to miR-16-2; thus, it could be speculated that both clusters control a similar set of target genes and may have overlapping functions. However, the biological role of miR-15b/16-2 is still controversial. We generated miR-15b/16-2 knockout mice to better understand the cluster's role in vivo. These mice developed B-cell malignancy by age 15-18 mo with a penetrance of 60%. At this stage, mice showed significantly enlarged spleens with abnormal B cell-derived white pulp enlargement. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an expanded CD19+ CD5+ population in the spleen of 40% knockout mice, a characteristic of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated phenotype found in humans. Of note, miR-15b/16-2 modulates the CCND2 (Cyclin D2), CCND1 (Cyclin D1), and IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) genes involved in proliferation and antiapoptotic pathways in mouse B cells. These results are the first, to our knowledge, to suggest an important role of miR-15b/16-2 loss in the pathogenesis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Mongini PKA, Gupta R, Boyle E, Nieto J, Lee H, Stein J, Bandovic J, Stankovic T, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai K, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N. TLR-9 and IL-15 Synergy Promotes the In Vitro Clonal Expansion of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:901-23. [PMID: 26136429 PMCID: PMC4505957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical progression of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) reflects the clone's Ag receptor (BCR) and involves stroma-dependent B-CLL growth within lymphoid tissue. Uniformly elevated expression of TLR-9, occasional MYD88 mutations, and BCR specificity for DNA or Ags physically linked to DNA together suggest that TLR-9 signaling is important in driving B-CLL growth in patients. Nevertheless, reports of apoptosis after B-CLL exposure to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) raised questions about a central role for TLR-9. Because normal memory B cells proliferate vigorously to ODN+IL-15, a cytokine found in stromal cells of bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen, we examined whether this was true for B-CLL cells. Through a CFSE-based assay for quantitatively monitoring in vitro clonal proliferation/survival, we show that IL-15 precludes TLR-9-induced apoptosis and permits significant B-CLL clonal expansion regardless of the clone's BCR mutation status. A robust response to ODN+IL-15 was positively linked to presence of chromosomal anomalies (trisomy-12 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated anomaly + del13q14) and negatively linked to a very high proportion of CD38(+) cells within the blood-derived B-CLL population. Furthermore, a clone's intrinsic potential for in vitro growth correlated directly with doubling time in blood, in the case of B-CLL with Ig H chain V region-unmutated BCR and <30% CD38(+) cells in blood. Finally, in vitro high-proliferator status was statistically linked to diminished patient survival. These findings, together with immunohistochemical evidence of apoptotic cells and IL-15-producing cells proximal to B-CLL pseudofollicles in patient spleens, suggest that collaborative ODN and IL-15 signaling may promote in vivo B-CLL growth.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549;
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Erin Boyle
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jennifer Nieto
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Joanna Stein
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jela Bandovic
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Barrientos
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and
| | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Steven L Allen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Kanti Rai
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Charles C Chu
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling as a key mediator of tumor cell responsiveness to radiation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:180-90. [PMID: 26192967 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key cascade downstream of several protein kinases, especially membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is correlated with tumor development, progression, poor prognosis, and resistance to cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, in human solid tumors. Akt/PKB (Protein Kinase B) members are the major kinases that act downstream of PI3K, and these are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, glucose metabolism, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated Akt is one of the major predictive markers for solid tumor responsiveness to chemo/radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSB), are the prime cause of cell death induced by ionizing radiation. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that constitutive activation of Akt and stress-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway accelerate the repair of DNA-DSB and, consequently, lead to therapy resistance. Analyzing dysregulations of Akt, such as point mutations, gene amplification or overexpression, which results in the constitutive activation of Akt, might be of special importance in the context of radiotherapy outcomes. Such studies, as well as studies of the mechanism(s) by which activated Akt1 regulates repair of DNA-DSB, might help to identify combinations using the appropriate molecular targeting strategies with conventional radiotherapy to overcome radioresistance in solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation of the components of upstream regulators of Akt as well as specific modifications of Akt isoforms that enhance Akt activity. Likewise, the mechanisms by which Akt interferes with repair of DNA after exposure to ionizing radiation, will be reviewed. Finally, the current status of Akt targeting in combination with radiotherapy will be discussed.
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Insulin growth factor 1 receptor expression is associated with NOTCH1 mutation, trisomy 12 and aggressive clinical course in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118801. [PMID: 25786252 PMCID: PMC4365018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF1R is emerging as an important gene in the pathogenesis of many solid and haematological cancers and its over-expression has been reported as frequently associated with aggressive disease and chemotherapy resistance. In this study we performed an investigation of the role of IGF1R expression in a large and representative prospective series of 217 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients enrolled in the multicentre O-CLL1 protocol (clinicaltrial.gov #NCT00917540). High IGF1R gene expression was significantly associated with IGHV unmutated (IGHV-UM) status (p<0.0001), high CD38 expression (p<0.0001), trisomy 12 (p<0.0001), and del(11)(q23) (p=0.014). Interestingly, higher IGF1R expression (p=0.002) characterized patients with NOTCH1 mutation (c.7541_7542delCT), identified in 15.5% of cases of our series by next generation sequencing and ARMS-PCR. Furthermore, IGF1R expression has been proven as an independent prognostic factor associated with time to first treatment in our CLL prospective cohort. These data suggest that IGF1R may play an important role in CLL biology, in particular in aggressive CLL clones characterized by IGHV-UM, trisomy 12 and NOTCH1 mutation.
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Vishwamitra D, Curry CV, Alkan S, Song YH, Gallick GE, Kaseb AO, Shi P, Amin HM. The transcription factors Ik-1 and MZF1 downregulate IGF-IR expression in NPM-ALK⁺ T-cell lymphoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:53. [PMID: 25884514 PMCID: PMC4415347 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase promotes the survival of an aggressive subtype of T-cell lymphoma by interacting with nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) oncogenic protein. NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma exhibits much higher levels of IGF-IR than normal human T lymphocytes. The mechanisms underlying increased expression of IGF-IR in this lymphoma are not known. We hypothesized that upregulation of IGF-IR could be attributed to previously unrecognized defects that inherently exist in the transcriptional machinery in NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma. Methods and results Screening studies showed substantially lower levels of the transcription factors Ikaros isoform 1 (Ik-1) and myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) in NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma cell lines and primary tumor tissues from patients than in human T lymphocytes. A luciferase assay supported that Ik-1 and MZF1 suppress IGF-IR gene promoter. Furthermore, ChIP assay showed that these transcription factors bind specific sites located within the IGF-IR gene promoter. Forced expression of Ik-1 or MZF1 in the lymphoma cells decreased IGF-IR mRNA and protein. This decrease was associated with downregulation of pIGF-IR, and the phosphorylation of its interacting proteins IRS-1, AKT, and NPM-ALK. In addition, overexpression of Ik-1 and MZF1 decreased the viability, proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent colony formation of the lymphoma cells. Conclusions Our results provide novel evidence that the aberrant decreases in Ik-1 and MZF1 contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma through the upregulation of IGF-IR expression. These findings could be exploited to devise new strategies to eradicate this lymphoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0324-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Choladda V Curry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Serhan Alkan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gary E Gallick
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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LMP1 promotes expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) to selectively activate IGF1 receptor and drive cell proliferation. J Virol 2014; 89:2590-602. [PMID: 25520502 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02921-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a gammaherpesvirus that infects the majority of the human population and is linked to the development of multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is considered the primary oncoprotein of EBV, and in epithelial cells it induces the expression and activation, or phosphorylation, of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase. To identify effects on additional kinases, an unbiased screen of receptor tyrosine kinases potentially activated by LMP1 was performed. Using a protein array, it was determined that LMP1 selectively activates insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). This activation takes place in fibroblast, epithelial, and nasopharyngeal cell lines that express LMP1 stably and transiently. Of note, LMP1 altered the phosphorylation, but not the expression, of IGF1R. The use of LMP1 mutants with defective signaling domains revealed that the C-terminal activating region 2 domain of LMP1 increased the mRNA expression and the secretion of the ligand IGF1, which promoted phosphorylation of IGF1R. IGF1R phosphorylation was dependent upon activation of canonical NF-κB signaling and was suppressed by IκBα and a dominant negative form of TRAF6. Inhibition of IGF1R activation with two small-molecule inhibitors, AG1024 and picropodophyllin (PPP), or with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against IGF1R selectively reduced proliferation, focus formation, and Akt activation in LMP1-positive cells but did not impair LMP1-induced cell migration. Expression of constitutively active Akt rescued cell proliferation in the presence of IGF1R inhibitors. These findings suggest that LMP1-mediated activation of IGF1R contributes to the ability of LMP1 to transform epithelial cells. IMPORTANCE EBV is linked to the development of multiple cancers in both lymphoid and epithelial cells, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a major cancer that develops in specific populations, with nearly 80,000 new cases reported annually. LMP1 is consistently expressed in early lesions and continues to be detected within 50 to 80% of these cancers at later stages. It is therefore of paramount importance to understand the mechanisms through which LMP1 alters cell growth and contributes to tumorigenesis. This study is the first to determine that LMP1 activates the IGF1R tyrosine kinase by regulating expression of the ligand IGF1. Additionally, the data in this paper reveal that specific targeting of IGF1R selectively impacts LMP1-positive cells. These findings suggest that therapies directed against IGF1R may specifically impair the growth of EBV-infected cells.
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Fiorcari S, Martinelli S, Bulgarelli J, Audrito V, Zucchini P, Colaci E, Potenza L, Narni F, Luppi M, Deaglio S, Marasca R, Maffei R. Lenalidomide interferes with tumor-promoting properties of nurse-like cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 100:253-62. [PMID: 25398834 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent clinically active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. The specific mechanism of action is still undefined, but includes modulation of the microenvironment. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, nurse-like cells differentiate from CD14(+) mononuclear cells and protect chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from apoptosis. Nurse-like cells resemble M2 macrophages with potent immunosuppressive functions. Here, we examined the effect of lenalidomide on the monocyte/macrophage population in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. We found that lenalidomide induces high actin polymerization on CD14(+) monocytes through activation of small GTPases, RhoA, Rac1 and Rap1 that correlated with increased adhesion and impaired monocyte migration in response to CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL12. We observed that lenalidomide increases the number of nurse-like cells that lost the ability to nurture chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, acquired properties of phagocytosis and promoted T-cell proliferation. Gene expression signature, induced by lenalidomide in nurse-like cells, indicated a reduction of pivotal pro-survival signals for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, such as CCL2, IGF1, CXCL12, HGF1, and supported a modulation towards M1 phenotype with high IL2 and low IL10, IL8 and CD163. Our data provide new insights into the mechanism of action of lenalidomide that mediates a pro-inflammatory switch of nurse-like cells affecting the protective microenvironment generated by chronic lymphocytic leukemia into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fiorcari
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jenny Bulgarelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Human Genetics Foundation, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zucchini
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colaci
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Narni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Human Genetics Foundation, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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