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Andreu-Sánchez S, Ripoll-Cladellas A, Culinscaia A, Bulut O, Bourgonje AR, Netea MG, Lansdorp P, Aubert G, Bonder MJ, Franke L, Vogl T, van der Wijst MG, Melé M, Van Baarle D, Fu J, Zhernakova A. Antibody signatures against viruses and microbiome reflect past and chronic exposures and associate with aging and inflammation. iScience 2024; 27:109981. [PMID: 38868191 PMCID: PMC11167443 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Encounters with pathogens and other molecules can imprint long-lasting effects on our immune system, influencing future physiological outcomes. Given the wide range of microbes to which humans are exposed, their collective impact on health is not fully understood. To explore relations between exposures and biological aging and inflammation, we profiled an antibody-binding repertoire against 2,815 microbial, viral, and environmental peptides in a population cohort of 1,443 participants. Utilizing antibody-binding as a proxy for past exposures, we investigated their impact on biological aging, cell composition, and inflammation. Immune response against cytomegalovirus (CMV), rhinovirus, and gut bacteria relates with telomere length. Single-cell expression measurements identified an effect of CMV infection on the transcriptional landscape of subpopulations of CD8 and CD4 T-cells. This examination of the relationship between microbial exposures and biological aging and inflammation highlights a role for chronic infections (CMV and Epstein-Barr virus) and common pathogens (rhinoviruses and adenovirus C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aida Ripoll-Cladellas
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Culinscaia
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Repeat Diagnostics Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Monique G.P. van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Melé
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Debbie Van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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2
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Vietzen H, Berger SM, Kühner LM, Furlano PL, Bsteh G, Berger T, Rommer P, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. Ineffective control of Epstein-Barr-virus-induced autoimmunity increases the risk for multiple sclerosis. Cell 2023; 186:5705-5718.e13. [PMID: 38091993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the CNS. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the MS pathogenesis because high levels of EBV EBNA386-405-specific antibodies cross react with the CNS-derived GlialCAM370-389. However, it is unclear why only some individuals with such high autoreactive antibody titers develop MS. Here, we show that autoreactive cells are eliminated by distinct immune responses, which are determined by genetic variations of the host, as well as of the infecting EBV and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). We demonstrate that potent cytotoxic NKG2C+ and NKG2D+ natural killer (NK) cells and distinct EBV-specific T cell responses kill autoreactive GlialCAM370-389-specific cells. Furthermore, immune evasion of these autoreactive cells was induced by EBV-variant-specific upregulation of the immunomodulatory HLA-E. These defined virus and host genetic pre-dispositions are associated with an up to 260-fold increased risk of MS. Our findings thus allow the early identification of patients at risk for MS and suggest additional therapeutic options against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vietzen
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sarah M Berger
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura M Kühner
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulus Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Vlachava VM, Seirafian S, Fielding CA, Kollnberger S, Aicheler RJ, Hughes J, Baker A, Weekes MP, Forbes S, Wilkinson GWG, Wang ECY, Stanton RJ. HCMV-secreted glycoprotein gpUL4 inhibits TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and NK cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309077120. [PMID: 38011551 PMCID: PMC10710050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309077120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a paradigm of pathogen immune evasion and sustains lifelong persistent infection in the face of exceptionally powerful host immune responses through the concerted action of multiple immune-evasins. These reduce NK cell activation by inhibiting ligands for activating receptors, expressing ligands for inhibitory receptors, or inhibiting synapse formation. However, these functions only inhibit direct interactions with the infected cell. To determine whether the virus also expresses soluble factors that could modulate NK function at a distance, we systematically screened all 170 HCMV canonical protein-coding genes. This revealed that UL4 encodes a secreted and heavily glycosylated protein (gpUL4) that is expressed with late-phase kinetics and is capable of inhibiting NK cell degranulation. Analyses of gpUL4 binding partners by mass spectrometry identified an interaction with TRAIL. gpUL4 bound TRAIL with picomolar affinity and prevented TRAIL from binding its receptor, thus acting as a TRAIL decoy receptor. TRAIL is found in both soluble and membrane-bound forms, with expression of the membrane-bound form strongly up-regulated on NK cells in response to interferon. gpUL4 inhibited apoptosis induced by soluble TRAIL, while also binding to the NK cell surface in a TRAIL-dependent manner, where it blocked NK cell degranulation and cytokine secretion. gpUL4 therefore acts as an immune-evasin by inhibiting both soluble and membrane-bound TRAIL and is a viral-encoded TRAIL decoy receptor. Interestingly, gpUL4 could also suppress NK responses to heterologous viruses, suggesting that it may act as a systemic virally encoded immunosuppressive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia-Maria Vlachava
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Sepehr Seirafian
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri A. Fielding
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Aicheler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, CardiffCF5 2YB, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Hughes
- Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection & Immunity, Glasgow University, GlasgowG61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Baker
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Forbes
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W. G. Wilkinson
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Eddie C. Y. Wang
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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4
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Rincón DS, Flórez-Álvarez L, Taborda NA, Hernandez JC, Rugeles MT, Zapata-Builes W. NK cells from Men Who Have Sex with Men at high risk for HIV-1 infection exhibit higher effector capacity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16766. [PMID: 37798386 PMCID: PMC10556081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being under constant exposure to HIV-1, some individuals do not show serological or clinical evidence of infection and are known as HESN (HIV-Exposed Seronegative). Multiple studies in different HESN cohorts have linked the NK cells as a correlate of resistance; however, little is known about the role of these cells in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) with high risk sexual behaviors. We evaluated a general overview of activation and effector features of NK cells of MSM co-cultured with LT CD4+ HIV+ in which MSM at high risk of HIV-1 infection (HR-MSM) exhibit higher capacity to eliminate infected cells, reduced percentages of CD69+ cells when compared to MSM at low risk of infection (LR-MSM). In addition, we found that, despite the lower levels of CD69+ NK cells on HR-MSM group, within this population, higher percentages of CD69+ IFN-γ+ and CD69+ NKG2D+ NK cells were found together with higher levels of RANTES and Granzyme B production with higher antiviral capacity, resulting in a lower concentration of p24 protein and p24+ CD4+ T cells. Altogether, this information suggests that NK cells of MSM could impact the capacity to face the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Rincón
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, 050016, Colombia
| | - Lizdany Flórez-Álvarez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, 050016, Colombia
| | | | - Juan C Hernandez
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, 050016, Colombia
| | - María T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Wildeman Zapata-Builes
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, 050016, Colombia.
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5
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Jia Z, Ren Z, Ye D, Li J, Xu Y, Liu H, Meng Z, Yang C, Chen X, Mao X, Luo X, Yang Z, Ma L, Deng A, Li Y, Han B, Wei J, Huang C, Xiang Z, Chen G, Li P, Ouyang J, Chen P, Luo OJ, Gao Y, Yin Z. Immune-Ageing Evaluation of Peripheral T and NK Lymphocyte Subsets in Chinese Healthy Adults. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:360-374. [PMID: 37589027 PMCID: PMC10425318 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function, resulting in immune ageing. Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence. The change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy status. However, the changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype brought about by ageing have not been comprehensively analysed. Here, we analysed T and natural killer (NK) cell subsets, the phenotype and cell differentiation states in 43,096 healthy individuals, aged 20-88 years, without known diseases. Thirty-six immune parameters were analysed and the reference ranges of these subsets were established in different age groups divided into 5-year intervals. The data were subjected to random forest machine learning for immune-ageing modelling and confirmed using the neural network analysis. Our initial analysis and machine modelling prediction showed that naïve T cells decreased with ageing, whereas central memory T cells (Tcm) and effector memory T cells (Tem) increased cluster of differentiation (CD) 28-associated T cells. This is the largest study to investigate the correlation between age and immune cell function in a Chinese population, and provides insightful differences, suggesting that healthy adults might be considerably influenced by age and sex. The age of a person's immune system might be different from their chronological age. Our immune-ageing modelling study is one of the largest studies to provide insights into 'immune-age' rather than 'biological-age'. Through machine learning, we identified immune factors influencing the most through ageing and built a model for immune-ageing prediction. Our research not only reveals the impact of age on immune parameter differences within the Chinese population, but also provides new insights for monitoring and preventing some diseases in clinical practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00106-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghu Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
- Guangzhou Purui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510660 Guangdong China
| | - Zhiyao Ren
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
- Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou, 510550 Guangdong China
| | - Dongmei Ye
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Guangzhou Purui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510660 Guangdong China
| | - Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Hui Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Ziyu Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134 China
- Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134 China
| | - Chengmao Yang
- Guangzhou Purui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510660 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaqi Chen
- Zhongke Regenerative Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523808 Guangdong China
| | - Xinru Mao
- Wuhan Purui Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430223 Hubei China
| | - Xueli Luo
- Wuhan Purui Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430223 Hubei China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Lina Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Anyi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Yafang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Bingyu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Junping Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Chongcheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Peiling Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- Wuhan Purui Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430223 Hubei China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Oscar Junhong Luo
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Yifang Gao
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
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6
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Siemaszko J, Marzec-Przyszlak A, Bogunia-Kubik K. Activating NKG2C Receptor: Functional Characteristics and Current Strategies in Clinical Applications. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:9. [PMID: 36899273 PMCID: PMC10004456 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The interest in NK cells and their cytotoxic activity against tumour, infected or transformed cells continuously increases as they become a new efficient and off-the-shelf agents in immunotherapies. Their actions are balanced by a wide set of activating and inhibitory receptors, recognizing their complementary ligands on target cells. One of the most studied receptors is the activating CD94/NKG2C molecule, which is a member of the C-type lectin-like family. This review is intended to summarise latest research findings on the clinical relevance of NKG2C receptor and to examine its contribution to current and potential therapeutic strategies. It outlines functional characteristics and molecular features of CD94/NKG2C, its interactions with HLA-E molecule and presented antigens, pointing out a key role of this receptor in immunosurveillance, especially in the human cytomegalovirus infection. Additionally, the authors attempt to shed some light on receptor's unique interaction with its ligand which is shared with another receptor (CD94/NKG2A) with rather opposite properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Siemaszko
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marzec-Przyszlak
- Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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7
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López-Botet M, De Maria A, Muntasell A, Della Chiesa M, Vilches C. Adaptive NK cell response to human cytomegalovirus: Facts and open issues. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101706. [PMID: 36542944 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection exerts broad effects on the immune system. These include the differentiation and persistent expansion of a mature NK cell subset which displays a characteristic phenotypic and functional profile hallmarked by expression of the HLA-E-specific CD94/NKG2C activating receptor. Based on our experience and recent advances in the field, we overview the adaptive features of the NKG2C+ NK cell response, discussing observations and open questions on: (a) the mechanisms and influence of viral and host factors; (b) the existence of other NKG2C- NK cell subsets sharing adaptive features; (c) the development and role of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells in the response to HCMV in hematopoietic and solid organ transplant patients; (d) their relation with other viral infections, mainly HIV-1; and (e) current perspectives for their use in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM). Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences. Univ. Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM). Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERonc), Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Vaaben AV, Levan J, Nguyen CBT, Callaway PC, Prahl M, Warrier L, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Kakuru A, Muhindo MK, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Feeney ME. In Utero Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:566-575. [PMID: 35876164 PMCID: PMC9441208 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common infectious cause of birth defects and neurological damage in newborns. Despite a well-established role for natural killer (NK) cells in control of CMV infection in older children and adults, it remains unknown whether fetal NK cells can sense and respond to CMV infection acquired in utero. METHODS Here, we investigate the impact of congenital CMV infection on the neonatal NK-cell repertoire by assessing the frequency, phenotype, and functional profile of NK cells in cord blood samples from newborns with congenital CMV and from uninfected controls enrolled in a birth cohort of Ugandan mothers and infants. RESULTS We find that neonatal NK cells from congenitally CMV infected newborns show increased expression of cytotoxic mediators, signs of maturation and activation, and an expansion of mature CD56- NK cells, an NK-cell subset associated with chronic viral infections in adults. Activation was particularly prominent in NK cell subsets expressing the Fcγ receptor CD16, indicating a role for antibody-mediated immunity against CMV in utero. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that NK cells can be activated in utero and suggest that NK cells may be an important component of the fetal and infant immune response against CMV. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02793622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Vaaben
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Justine Levan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine B T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Perri C Callaway
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Mary Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Abel Kakuru
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary K Muhindo
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Moses R Kamya
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Wagstaffe HR, Anzala O, Kibuuka H, Anywaine Z, Sirima SB, Thiébaut R, Richert L, Levy Y, Lacabaratz C, Bockstal V, Luhn K, Douoguih M, Goodier MR. NK Cell Subset Redistribution and Antibody Dependent Activation after Ebola Vaccination in Africans. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060884. [PMID: 35746491 PMCID: PMC9230153 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells play an important role in the control of viral infections both by regulating acquired immune responses and as potent innate or antibody-mediated cytotoxic effector cells. NK cells have been implicated in control of Ebola virus infections and our previous studies in European trial participants have demonstrated durable activation, proliferation and antibody-dependent NK cell activation after heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccination with adenovirus type 26.ZEBOV followed by modified vaccinia Ankara-BN-Filo. Regional variation in immunity and environmental exposure to pathogens, in particular human cytomegalovirus, have profound impacts on NK cell functional capacity. We therefore assessed the NK cell phenotype and function in African trial participants with universal exposure to HCMV. We demonstrate a significant redistribution of NK cell subsets after vaccine dose two, involving the enrichment of less differentiated CD56dimCD57− and CD56dimFcεR1γ+ (canonical) cells and the increased proliferation of these subsets. Sera taken after vaccine dose two support robust antibody-dependent NK cell activation in a standard NK cell readout; these responses correlate strongly with the concentration of anti-Ebola glycoprotein specific antibodies. These sera also promote comparable IFN-γ production in autologous NK cells taken at baseline and post-vaccine dose two. However, degranulation responses of post-vaccination NK cells were reduced compared to baseline NK cells and these effects could not be directly attributed to alterations in NK cell phenotype after vaccination. These studies demonstrate consistent changes in NK cell phenotypic composition and robust antibody-dependent NK cell function and reveal novel characteristics of these responses after heterologous two dose Ebola vaccination in African individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R. Wagstaffe
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Omu Anzala
- KAVI—Institute of Clinical Research University of Nairobi, Nairobi 19676, Kenya;
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University—Walter Reed Project, Kampala 16524, Uganda;
| | - Zacchaeus Anywaine
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda;
| | - Sodiomon B. Sirima
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Banfora, 1487 Avenue Kumda Yonré, Ouagadougou 01 BP 2208, Burkina Faso;
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (R.T.); (L.R.)
- CIC 1401, EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Inria SISTM Team, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Laura Richert
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (R.T.); (L.R.)
- CIC 1401, EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Inria SISTM Team, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Yves Levy
- Inserm U955, Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Inserm U955, Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, 2333 CP Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.B.); (K.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, 2333 CP Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.B.); (K.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Macaya Douoguih
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, 2333 CP Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.B.); (K.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin R. Goodier
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- Flow Cytometry and Immunology Platform, MRC Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Sharpe HR, Provine NM, Bowyer GS, Moreira Folegatti P, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Flaxman A, Makinson R, Hill AV, Ewer KJ, Pollard AJ, Klenerman P, Gilbert S, Lambe T. CMV-associated T cell and NK cell terminal differentiation does not affect immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 vaccination. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154187. [PMID: 35192547 PMCID: PMC8986084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a globally ubiquitous pathogen with a seroprevalence of approximately 50% in the United Kingdom. CMV infection induces expansion of immunosenescent T cell and NK cell populations, with these cells demonstrating lower responsiveness to activation and reduced functionality upon infection and vaccination. In this study, we found that CMV+ participants had normal T cell responses after a single-dose or homologous vaccination with the viral vector chimpanzee adenovirus developed by the University of Oxford (ChAdOx1). CMV seropositivity was associated with reduced induction of IFN-γ-secreting T cells in a ChAd-Modified Vaccinia Ankara (ChAd-MVA) viral vector vaccination trial. Analysis of participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 demonstrated that T cells from CMV+ donors had a more terminally differentiated profile of CD57+PD1+CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells expressing less IL-2Rα (CD25) and fewer polyfunctional CD4+ T cells 14 days after vaccination. NK cells from CMV-seropositive individuals also had a reduced activation profile. Overall, our data suggest that although CMV infection enhances immunosenescence of T and NK populations, it does not affect antigen-specific T cell IFN-γ secretion or antibody IgG production after vaccination with the current ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination regimen, which has important implications given the widespread use of this vaccine, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with high CMV seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute and
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Assessment of NKG2C copy number variation in HIV-1 infection susceptibility, and considerations about the potential role of lacking receptors and virus infection. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:475-479. [PMID: 35314764 PMCID: PMC8938163 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection dynamics is strongly influenced by the host genetic background. NKG2C is an activating receptor expressed mainly on Natural Killer (NK) cells, and a polymorphism of copy number variation in the gene coding for this molecule has been pointed as a potential factor involved in HIV infection susceptibility. We evaluated the impact of the NKG2C deletion on HIV-1 susceptibility, with or without HBV/HCV co-infection, in a total of 780 individuals, including 385 HIV-infected patients and 395 healthy blood donors. NKG2C deletion genotyping was performed by standard PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first study to access the impact of complete NKG2C deletion among HIV-infected Brazilian individuals. The frequency of NKG2C deletion (range: 19–22%) was similar in cases and controls. No association of NKG2C deletion with HIV-1 susceptibility or influence on clinical features, HBV or HCV co-infection was observed in the evaluated population. Our findings suggest that NKG2C deletion, and the consequent absence of this receptor expression, does not directly impact HIV susceptibility, HBV/HCV-co-infection in the studied population, suggesting that other signaling pathways might be triggered and perform similar functions in cell activity in the absence of this specific receptor, preventing the development of disadvantageous phenotypes. Larger cohorts and studies involving protein expression are necessary to confirm our findings.
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12
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Ishiyama K, Arakawa-Hoyt J, Aguilar OA, Damm I, Towfighi P, Sigdel T, Tamaki S, Babdor J, Spitzer MH, Reed EF, Sarwal MM, Lanier LL. Mass cytometry reveals single-cell kinetics of cytotoxic lymphocyte evolution in CMV-infected renal transplant patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116588119. [PMID: 35181606 PMCID: PMC8872722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116588119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with graft rejection in renal transplantation. Memory-like natural killer (NK) cells expressing NKG2C and lacking FcεRIγ are established during CMV infection. Additionally, CD8+ T cells expressing NKG2C have been observed in some CMV-seropositive patients. However, in vivo kinetics detailing the development and differentiation of these lymphocyte subsets during CMV infection remain limited. Here, we interrogated the in vivo kinetics of lymphocytes in CMV-infected renal transplant patients using longitudinal samples compared with those of nonviremic (NV) patients. Recipient CMV-seropositive (R+) patients had preexisting memory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγ-) at baseline, which decreased in the periphery immediately after transplantation in both viremic and NV patients. We identified a subset of prememory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγlow-dim) that increased during viremia in R+ viremic patients. These cells showed a higher cytotoxic profile than preexisting memory-like NK cells with transient up-regulation of FcεRIγ and Ki67 expression at the acute phase, with the subsequent accumulation of new memory-like NK cells at later phases of viremia. Furthermore, cytotoxic NKG2C+CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells significantly increased in viremic patients but not in NV patients. These three different cytotoxic cells combinatorially responded to viremia, showing a relatively early response in R+ viremic patients compared with recipient CMV-seronegative viremic patients. All viremic patients, except one, overcame viremia and did not experience graft rejection. These data provide insights into the in vivo dynamics and interplay of cytotoxic lymphocytes responding to CMV viremia, which are potentially linked with control of CMV viremia to prevent graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Janice Arakawa-Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Izabella Damm
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Parhom Towfighi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tara Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry Core, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joel Babdor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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13
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Al-Moussawy M, Abdelsamed HA, Lakkis FG. Immunoglobulin-like receptors and the generation of innate immune memory. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:179-195. [PMID: 35034136 PMCID: PMC10074160 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host immunity is classically divided into "innate" and "adaptive." While the former has always been regarded as the first, rapid, and antigen-nonspecific reaction to invading pathogens, the latter represents the more sophisticated and antigen-specific response that has the potential to persist and generate memory. Recent work however has challenged this dogma, where murine studies have successfully demonstrated the ability of innate immune cells (monocytes and macrophages) to acquire antigen-specific memory to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The immunoreceptors so far identified that mediate innate immune memory are the paired immunoglobulin-like receptors (PIRs) in mice, which are orthologous to human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs). These receptor families are mainly expressed by the myelomonocytic cell lineage, suggesting an important role in the innate immune response. In this review, we will discuss the role of immunoglobulin-like receptors in the development of innate immune memory across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Al-Moussawy
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Hossam A Abdelsamed
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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14
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Yu XX, Shang QN, Liu XF, He M, Pei XY, Mo XD, Lv M, Han TT, Huo MR, Zhao X, Chang YJ, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Xu LP, Liu KY, Zhao X, Huang X. Donor NKG2C homozygosity contributes to CMV clearance after haploidentical transplantation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:149120. [PMID: 34990406 PMCID: PMC8855817 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Several investigators have reported that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells persistently expand during CMV reactivation. In our study, two cohorts were enrolled to explored the relationships among the NKG2C genotype, NKG2C+ NK cell reconstitution, and CMV infection. Multivariate analysis showed that donor NKG2C gene deletion was an independent prognostic factor for CMV reactivation and refractory CMV reactivation. Furthermore, the quantitative, qualitative reconstitution and anti-CMV function of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells after transplantation was significantly lower in patients grafted with NKG2Cwt/del donor cells than in those grafted with NKG2Cwt/wt donor cells. The quantitative reconstitution of NKG2C+ NK cells at day 30 after transplantation was significantly lower in patients with treatment-refractory CMV reactivation than in those in the no-CMV-reactivation and CMV-reactivation groups. In humanized CMV-infected mice, we found that compared with those from NKG2Cwt/del donors, adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells from NKG2Cwt/wt donors induced earlier and stronger expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells and earlier and stronger CMV clearance in vivo. In conclusion, donor NKG2C homozygosity contributes to CMV clearance by promoting the quantitative and qualitative reconstruction of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells after haploidentical allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Yu
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Nan Shang
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei He
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Ying Pei
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mo
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Han
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rui Huo
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosu Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking Unversity People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking Unversity People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Vietzen H, Hartenberger S, Aberle SW, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. Dissection of the NKG2C NK cell response against Puumala Orthohantavirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010006. [PMID: 34871302 PMCID: PMC8714190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections with the Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) in humans may cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), known as nephropathia epidemica (NE), which is associated with acute renal failure in severe cases. In response to PUUV-infections, a subset of potent antiviral NKG2C+ NK cells expand, whose role in virus defence and pathogenesis of NE is unclear. NKG2C+ NK cell proliferation is mediated by binding of NKG2C/CD94 to HLA-E on infected cells. The proliferation and activation of NKG2C+ NK cells via the NKG2C/HLA-E axis is affected by different NKG2C (NKG2Cwt/del) and HLA-E (HLA-E*0101/0103) alleles, which naturally occur in the human host. Homozygous (NKG2Cdel/del) and heterozygous (NKG2Cwt/del) deletions of the NKG2C receptor results in an impaired NKG2C/CD94 mediated proliferation and activation of NKG2C+ cells. We therefore analyzed the PUUV-mediated NKG2C+ NK cell responses and the impact of different NKG2C and HLA-E alleles in NE patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS NKG2C+ NK cell expansion and effector functions in PUUV-infected cells were investigated using flow cytometry and it was shown that PUUV-infected endothelial cells led to a NKG2C/CD94 mediated NKG2C+ NK cell activation and expansion, dependent on the HLA-G-mediated upregulation of HLA-E. Furthermore, the NKG2Cdel and HLA-E*0101/0103 alleles were determined in 130 NE patients and 130 matched controls, and it was shown that in NE patients the NKG2Cwt/del allele was significantly overrepresented, compared to the NKG2Cwt/wt variant (p = 0.01). In addition, in vitro analysis revealed that NKG2Cwt/del NK cells exhibited on overall a lower proliferation (p = 0.002) and lower IFNγ expression (p = 0.004) than NKG2Cwt/wt NK cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results corroborate the substantial impact of the NKG2C/HLA-E axis on PUUV-specific NK cell responses. A weak NKG2C+ NK cell response, as reflected by NKG2Cwt/del variant, may be associated with a higher risk for a severe hantavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vietzen
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Characterization of Adaptive-like γδ T Cells in Ugandan Infants during Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101987. [PMID: 34696417 PMCID: PMC8537190 DOI: 10.3390/v13101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are unconventional T cells that help control cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in adults. γδ T cells develop early in gestation, and a fetal public γδ T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype is detected in congenital CMV infections. However, age-dependent γδ T cell responses to primary CMV infection are not well-understood. Flow cytometry and TCR sequencing was used to comprehensively characterize γδ T cell responses to CMV infection in a cohort of 32 infants followed prospectively from birth. Peripheral blood γδ T cell frequencies increased during infancy, and were higher among CMV-infected infants relative to uninfected. Clustering analyses revealed associations between CMV infection and activation marker expression on adaptive-like Vδ1 and Vδ3, but not innate-like Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cell subsets. Frequencies of NKG2C+CD57+ γδ T cells were temporally associated with the quantity of CMV shed in saliva by infants with primary infection. The public γδ TCR clonotype was only detected in CMV-infected infants <120 days old and at lower frequencies than previously described in fetal infections. Our findings support the notion that CMV infection drives age-dependent expansions of specific γδ T cell populations, and provide insight for novel strategies to prevent CMV transmission and disease.
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17
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Ataya M, Redondo-Pachón D, Llinàs-Mallol L, Yélamos J, Alari-Pahissa E, Pérez-Sáez MJ, Altadill M, Raïch-Regué D, Vilches C, Pascual J, Crespo M, López-Botet M. Long-Term Evolution of the Adaptive NKG2C + NK Cell Response to Cytomegalovirus Infection in Kidney Transplantation: An Insight on the Diversity of Host-Pathogen Interaction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1882-1890. [PMID: 34470855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human CMV infection is frequent in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Pretransplant Ag-specific T cells and adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells associate with reduced incidence of infection in CMV+ KTR. Expansions of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells were reported in posttransplant CMV-infected KTR. To further explore this issue, NKG2C+ NK, CD8+, and TcRγδ T cells were analyzed pretransplant and at different time points posttransplant for ≥24 mo in a cohort of CMV+ KTR (n = 112), stratified according to CMV viremia detection. In cryopreserved samples from a subgroup (n = 49), adaptive NKG2C+ NK cell markers and T cell subsets were compared after a longer follow-up (median, 56 mo), assessing the frequencies of CMV-specific T cells and viremia at the last time point. Increased proportions of NKG2C+ NK, CD8+, and TcRγδ T cells were detected along posttransplant evolution in viremia(+) KTR. However, the individual magnitude and kinetics of the NKG2C+ NK response was variable and only exceptionally detected among viremia(-) KTR, presumably reflecting subclinical viral replication events. NKG2C+ expansions were independent of KLRC2 zygosity and associated with higher viral loads at diagnosis; no relation with other clinical parameters was perceived. Increased proportions of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells (CD57+, ILT2+, FcεRIγ-) were observed after resolution of viremia long-term posttransplant, coinciding with increased CD8+ and Vδ2- γδ T cells; at that stage CMV-specific T cells were comparable to viremia(-) cases. These data suggest that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells participate with T cells to restore CMV replication control, although their relative contribution cannot be discerned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores Redondo-Pachón
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Yélamos
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | | | - María J Pérez-Sáez
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics-HLA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; .,Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; and
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18
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CMV, EBV, JCV and BKV infection and outcome following kidney transplantation in children initiated on a corticosteroid-minimisation immunosuppressive regimen. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3229-3240. [PMID: 33825043 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern immunosuppressive regimens in paediatric kidney transplant recipients have contributed to improved long-term allograft survival, but at the expense of an increased incidence of viral infections. Here, we describe, for the first time, the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of CMV, EBV, BKV and JCV viraemia in a cohort of paediatric allograft recipients treated with a corticosteroid-minimisation immunosuppressive regimen (CMR). METHODS We retrospectively analysed 98 children treated with a CMR (basiliximab induction, corticosteroids until day 4, long-term tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil), who received a kidney transplant in our centre between 2009 and 2019. RESULTS Over the first 4 years post-transplant, the incidences of viraemia were as follows: CMV, 25.5%; EBV, 52.0%; JCV, 16.3%; BKV, 26.5%. Younger children at time of transplant were more likely to develop EBV and BKV viraemia. EBV viraemia was also associated with a regimen involving corticosteroids, but lacking MMF. Recipient CMV serology predicted the development of EBV, BKV and CMV viraemia. Fifty-six percent of CMV viraemia episodes in high-risk patients occurred whilst the graft recipients were still receiving anti-viral prophylaxis or within 3 months of cessation. There was no difference in graft function at latest follow-up between those with and without viraemia. CONCLUSIONS Judicious monitoring of viraemia, coupled with timely clinical intervention, can result in similar long-term outcomes for graft recipients compared to controls. The high incidence of CMV viraemia observed within a short period of cessation of anti-viral prophylaxis supports an extension of the length of prophylactic treatment in high-risk allograft recipients.
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Soleimanian S, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Geramizadeh B, Roozbeh J, Hossein Aghdaie M, Heidari M. Circulating NKG2C + NK cell expressing CD107a/LAMP-1 subsets at the onset of CMV reactivation in seropositive kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2021; 69:101460. [PMID: 34492297 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection contributes to morbidity and mortality among kidney transplant recipients. Natural killer (NK) cells can battle against CMV in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study aimed to analyze the association between CMV reactivation and the proportion of NK cell subsets and their activity. In a cross-sectional study, ten CMV reactivated KTRs, and ten non- CMV reactivated ones were recruited. Ten matched healthy controls were also included in this cohort. The presence of anti-CMV-IgG Ab in both KTR subgroups from seronegative donors and healthy controls was determined. The frequency of distinct subsets of memory-like NK cells was analyzed through NKG2C, NKG2A, and CD57 using flow cytometry. The activity of NK cells was evaluated after stimulation via coculture with K562 cell line and then assessment of the frequency of CD107a and granzyme B. The mRNA levels of transcription factors, including T-bet, EAT, and inflammatory proteins, including IFN-γ and perforin contributing to NK cell activation, were also evaluated. Results showed a significantly lower frequency of NKG2C + NKG2A-CD57+ NK cell population in CMV-reactivated KTRs compared to non-reactivated ones (P-value:0.003). NKG2C+ NK cells expressing CD107a/LAMP-1 significantly was increased in CMV-reactivated KTRs compared to non-reactivated ones (P-value: 0.0002). The mRNA level of IFN-γ had a significant increase in the CMV-reactivated KTRs vs. nonreactive ones (P-value: 0.004). Finally, evaluation of the NK cells' cytotoxicity and activity through assessment of CD107a/LAMP-1 expression and IFN-γ secretion may be helpful for the identification of the risk of CMV reactivation in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Soleimanian
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mojdeh Heidari
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Abstract
NKG2C is an activating NK cell receptor encoded by a gene having an unexpressed deletion variant. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection expands a population of NKG2C+ NK cells with adaptive-like properties. Previous reports found that carriage of the deleted NKG2C- variant was more frequent in people living with HIV (PLWH) than in HIV- controls unexposed to HIV. The frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells positively correlated with HIV viral load (VL) in some studies and negatively correlated with VL in others. Here, we investigated the link between NKG2C genotype and HIV susceptibility and VL set point in PLWH. NKG2C genotyping was performed on 434 PLWH and 157 HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) subjects. Comparison of the distributions of the three possible NKG2C genotypes in these populations revealed that the frequencies of NKG2C+/+ and NKG2C+/- carriers did not differ significantly between PLWH and HESN subjects, while that of NKG2C-/- carriers was higher in PLWH than in HESN subjects, in which none were found (P = 0.03, χ2 test). We were unable to replicate that carriage of at least 1 NKG2C- allele was more frequent in PLWH. Information on the pretreatment VL set point was available for 160 NKG2C+/+, 83 NKG2C+/-, and 6 NKG2C-/- PLWH. HIV VL set points were similar between NKG2C genotypes. The frequency of NKG2C+ CD3- CD14- CD19- CD56dim NK cells and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of NKG2C expression on NK cells were higher on cells from CMV+ PLWH who carried 2, versus 1, NKG2C+ alleles. We observed no correlations between VL set point and either the frequency or the MFI of NKG2C expression. IMPORTANCE We compared NKG2C allele and genotype distributions in subjects who remained HIV uninfected despite multiple HIV exposures (HESN subjects) with those in the group PLWH. This allowed us to determine whether NKG2C genotype influenced susceptibility to HIV infection. The absence of the NKG2C-/- genotype among HESN subjects but not PLWH suggested that carriage of this genotype was associated with HIV susceptibility. We calculated the VL set point in a subset of 252 NKG2C-genotyped PLWH. We observed no between-group differences in the VL set point in carriers of the three possible NKG2C genotypes. No significant correlations were seen between the frequency or MFI of NKG2C expression on NK cells and VL set point in cytomegalovirus-coinfected PLWH. These findings suggested that adaptive NK cells played no role in establishing the in VL set point, a parameter that is a predictor of the rate of treatment-naive HIV disease progression.
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21
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Potential Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection on Immunity to Ovarian Tumours and Cancer Progression. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040351. [PMID: 33808294 PMCID: PMC8065684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common, and life-threatening gynaecological cancer affecting females. Almost 75% of all OC cases are diagnosed at late stages, where the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. The aetiology of the disease is still unclear, and there are currently no screening method nor effective treatment strategies for the advanced disease. A growing body of evidence shows that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infecting more than 50% of the world population, may play a role in inducing carcinogenesis through its immunomodulatory activities. In healthy subjects, the primary HCMV infection is essentially asymptomatic. The virus then establishes a life-long chronic latency primarily in the hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow, with periodic reactivation from latency that is often characterized by high levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Currently, infection-induced chronic inflammation is considered as an essential process for OC progression and metastasis. In line with this observation, few recent studies have identified high expressions of HCMV proteins on OC tissue biopsies that were associated with poor survival outcomes. Active HCMV infection in the OC tumour microenvironment may thus directly contribute to OC progression. In this review, we highlight the potential impact of HCMV infection-induced immunomodulatory effects on host immune responses to OC that may promote OC progression.
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22
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Puiggros A, Blanco G, Muntasell A, Rodríguez-Rivera M, Nonell L, Altadill M, Puigdecanet E, Arnal M, Calvo X, Gimeno E, Abella E, Abrisqueta P, Bosch F, Yélamos J, Ferrer A, López-Botet M, Espinet B. Reduced expansion of CD94/NKG2C + NK cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and CLL-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis is not related to increased human cytomegalovirus seronegativity or NKG2C deletions. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1032-1040. [PMID: 33615729 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated NK cell-mediated immune responses contribute to tumor evasion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), although the NK cell compartment in CLL-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is poorly understood. In healthy individuals, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces the expansion of NK cells expressing high levels of CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptor (NKR) specific for HLA-E. METHODS We analyzed the expression of NKG2A, NKG2C, ILT2, KIR, CD161, and CD57 in 24 MBL and 37 CLL. NKG2C was genotyped in these patients and in 81 additional MBL/CLL, while NKG2C gene expression was assessed in 26 cases. In 8 CLL patients with increased lymphocytosis (≥20 × 109 /L), tumor HLA-E and HLA-G expression was evaluated. RESULTS NKR distribution did not significantly differ between MBL and CLL patients, although they exhibited reduced NKG2C+ NK cells compared with a non-CLL group (4.6% vs 12.2%, P = .012). HCMV+ patients showed increased percentages of NKG2C+ NK cells compared with HCMV- (7.3% vs 2.9%, P = .176). Frequencies of NKG2C deletions in MBL/CLL were similar to those of the general population. Low/undetectable NKG2C expression was found among NKG2C+/- (45%) and NKG2C+/+ (12%) patients. CLL cases with increased lymphocytosis displayed especially reduced NKG2C expression (1.8% vs 8.1%, P = .029) and tumor cells with high HLA-E (>98%) and variable HLA-G expression (12.4%, range: 0.5-56.4). CLL patients with low NKG2C expression (<7%) showed shorter time to first treatment (P = .037). CONCLUSION Reduced percentages of CD94/NKG2C+ NK cells were observed in CLL and MBL patients independently of HCMV serostatus and NKG2C zygosity, particularly in CLL patients with increased lymphocytosis, which could potentially be related to the exposure to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggros
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hematological Cytology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blanco
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hematological Cytology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Rivera
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hematological Cytology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Eulàlia Puigdecanet
- MARGenomics, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Calvo
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hematological Cytology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gimeno
- Hematology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.,Applied Clinical Research in Hematological Malignances, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Abella
- Hematology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.,Applied Clinical Research in Hematological Malignances, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Abrisqueta
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Bosch
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Yélamos
- Immunology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrer
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hematological Cytology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hematological Cytology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Durable natural killer cell responses after heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:19. [PMID: 33514756 PMCID: PMC7846750 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are implicated among immune effectors after vaccination against viral pathogens, including Ebola virus. The two-dose heterologous Ebola virus vaccine regimen, adenovirus type 26.ZEBOV followed by modified vaccinia Ankara-BN-Filo (EBOVAC2 consortium, EU Innovative Medicines Initiative), induces NK cell activation and anti-Ebola glycoprotein (GP) antibody-dependent NK cell activation post-dose 1, which is further elevated post-dose 2. Here, in a multicentre, phase 2 clinical trial (EBL2001), we demonstrate durable ex vivo NK cell activation 180 days after dose 2, with responses enriched in CD56bright NK cells. In vitro antibody-dependent responses to immobilised Ebola GP increased after dose 1, and remained elevated compared to pre-vaccination levels in serum collected 180 days later. Peak NK cell responses were observed post-dose 2 and NK cell IFN-γ responses remained significantly elevated at 180 days post-dose 2. Individual variation in NK cell responses were influenced by both anti-Ebola GP antibody concentrations and intrinsic interindividual differences in NK cell functional capacity. In summary, this study demonstrates durable NK cell responses after Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola virus vaccination and could inform the immunological evaluation of future iterations of the vaccine regimen and vaccination schedules.
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24
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Goodier MR, Riley EM. Regulation of the human NK cell compartment by pathogens and vaccines. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1244. [PMID: 33505682 PMCID: PMC7813579 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells constitute a phenotypically diverse population of innate lymphoid cells with a broad functional spectrum. Classically defined as cytotoxic lymphocytes with the capacity to eliminate cells lacking self‐MHC or expressing markers of stress or neoplastic transformation, critical roles for NK cells in immunity to infection in the regulation of immune responses and as vaccine‐induced effector cells have also emerged. A crucial feature of NK cell biology is their capacity to integrate signals from pathogen‐, tumor‐ or stress‐induced innate pathways and from antigen‐specific immune responses. The extent to which innate and acquired immune mediators influence NK cell effector function is influenced by the maturation and differentiation state of the NK cell compartment; moreover, NK cell differentiation is driven in part by exposure to infection. Pathogens can thus mould the NK cell response to maximise their own success and/or minimise the damage they cause. Here, we review recent evidence that pathogen‐ and vaccine‐derived signals influence the differentiation, adaptation and subsequent effector function of human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Goodier
- Department of Infection Biology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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25
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Flórez-Álvarez L, Blanquiceth Y, Ramírez K, Ossa-Giraldo AC, Velilla PA, Hernandez JC, Zapata W. NK Cell Activity and CD57 +/NKG2C high Phenotype Are Increased in Men Who Have Sex With Men at High Risk for HIV. Front Immunol 2020; 11:537044. [PMID: 33042136 PMCID: PMC7517039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.537044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) status is for individuals who remain seronegative despite repeated exposure to HIV. One of the main cohorts within this group is men who have sex with men (MSM). Studies of this cohort have revealed different immunological and genetic mechanisms that can explain the phenomenon of natural HIV resistance. NK cells' higher effector capacity is related to natural resistance to HIV. Besides, a new population of NK cells with adaptive features was described recently. These cells are increased in some HESN cohorts and appear to be involved in better control of viral replication in primarily HIV-infected subjects. The present study evaluated the role of NK cells in the natural resistance to HIV-1 infection in MSM. Methodology Phenotypic and functional features were evaluated in NK cells from two groups of MSM, at different risks of HIV infection, according to the number of sexual partners. The production of IFN-γ and β-chemokines was included in the analysis, as well as the cytotoxic capacity and adaptive NK cell frequency. Genetic features, such as HLA and KIR allele frequencies, were also explored. Results High-risk MSM exhibit an increased frequency of fully mature and CD57+/NKG2Chigh NK cells. These individuals also show higher cytotoxic capacity and IFN-γ production in response to K562 stimuli. NK cells with a CD107a+/IFN-γ+ functional profile were found more frequently and displayed higher IFN-γ production capacity among high-risk MSM than among low-risk MSM. The protective allele HLA-B∗18 was only present in the high-risk MSM group as well as HLA-B∗ 39. The protective phenotype KIR3DL1/S1-HLA-B∗Bw4, in a homozygous state, was particularly abundant in the high-risk population. Notably, some of these functional features were related to higher frequencies of mature and CD57+/NKG2Chigh NK cells, which, in turn, were associated with a higher number of sexual partners. Conclusion The changes observed in the NK cell compartment can be driven by the magnitude of sexual exposure and immunological challenges of high-risk individuals, which could influence their resistance/susceptibility to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizdany Flórez-Álvarez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yurany Blanquiceth
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Katherin Ramírez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Paula A. Velilla
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wildeman Zapata
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
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26
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Diversity of peripheral blood human NK cells identified by single-cell RNA sequencing. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1388-1406. [PMID: 32271902 PMCID: PMC7160259 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood perform many functions, and classification of specific subsets has been a longstanding goal. We report single-cell RNA sequencing of NK cells, comparing gene expression in unstimulated and interleukin (IL)-2-activated cells from healthy cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative donors. Three NK cell subsets resembled well-described populations; CD56brightCD16-, CD56dimCD16+CD57-, and CD56dimCD16+CD57+. CD56dimCD16+CD57- cells subdivided to include a population with higher chemokine mRNA and increased frequency of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression. Three novel human blood NK cell populations were identified: a population of type I interferon-responding NK cells that were CD56neg; a population exhibiting a cytokine-induced memory-like phenotype, including increased granzyme B mRNA in response to IL-2; and finally, a small population, with low ribosomal expression, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, and high levels of immediate early response genes indicative of cellular activation. Analysis of CMV+ donors established that CMV altered the proportion of NK cells in each subset, especially an increase in adaptive NK cells, as well as gene regulation within each subset. Together, these data establish an unexpected diversity in blood NK cells and provide a new framework for analyzing NK cell responses in health and disease.
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27
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Sherratt S, Patel A, Baker DA, Riley EM, Goodier MR. Differential IL-18 Dependence of Canonical and Adaptive NK Cells for Antibody Dependent Responses to P. falciparum. Front Immunol 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32296438 PMCID: PMC7137096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adaptive natural killer (NK) cells have diminished reliance on accessory cytokines for their activation whilst being efficiently activated by infected host cells in conjunction with pathogen specific antibodies. Here, we show that potent antibody-dependent NK cell responses are induced by Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (iRBC) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from malaria-exposed Gambian individuals in the presence of autologous sera, which are absent in those from malaria-naïve UK individuals. However, malaria hyper-immune serum promotes rapid NK cell responses to iRBC in cells from both Gambian and UK individuals. Among Gambians, highly differentiated, adaptive (CD56dimFcεR1γ-CD57+) NK cells dominate both antibody-dependent NK cell IFN-γ responses and degranulation responses, whereas among UK individuals these responses are predominantly found within canonical, highly differentiated CD56dimFcεR1γ+CD57+ NK cells. Indeed, overall frequencies of adaptive, FcεR1γ-CD57+ NK cells are significantly higher among Gambian donors compared to HCMV-infected and HCMV-uninfected UK adults. Among UK individuals, antibody-dependent NK cell IFN-γ responses to iRBC were dependent on IL-18 whereas among Gambians, the predominant adaptive FcεR1γ- NK cell response was IL-18 (and accessory cell) independent (although the lower frequency response of canonical FcεR1γ NK cells did rely on this cytokine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sherratt
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avnish Patel
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Baker
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Goodier
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Brillantes M, Beaulieu AM. Memory and Memory-Like NK Cell Responses to Microbial Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:102. [PMID: 32269968 PMCID: PMC7109401 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that provide systemic defense against pathogens and malignancy. Although historically considered cells of the innate immune system, NK cells are now known to be capable of memory or memory-like immune responses in certain settings. Memory NK responses were initially reported over a decade ago in studies involving mouse models of cytomegalovirus infection and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to chemical haptens and viral antigens. Since then, a growing body of literature suggests that memory or memory-like NK cell responses may occur in a broader range of immunological settings, including in response to various viral and bacterial infections, and some immunization protocols. Memory-like NK cell responses have also now been reported in humans and non-human primates. Here, we summarize recent studies demonstrating memory or memory-like responses by NK cells in settings of infection and immunization against infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brillantes
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Aimee M. Beaulieu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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29
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Ataya M, Redondo-Pachón D, Llinàs-Mallol L, Yélamos J, Heredia G, Pérez-Sáez MJ, Vila J, Costa-García M, Raïch-Regué D, Vilches C, Pascual J, Crespo M, López-Botet M. Pretransplant adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells protect against cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:663-676. [PMID: 31612635 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection constitutes a complication for kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and CMV-specific T cells reduce the risk of viral replication in seropositive patients. CMV promotes the adaptive differentiation and expansion of an NK cell subset, hallmarked by expression of the CD94/NKG2C receptor with additional characteristic features. We previously reported an association of pretransplant NKG2C+ NK cells with a reduced incidence of CMV infection. We have strengthened the analysis in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an enlarged KTR cohort (n = 145) with homogeneous immunosuppression, excluding cases at low risk of infection (ie, CMV D-R-) or receiving antiviral prophylaxis. Moreover, adaptive NKG2C+ NK cell-associated markers (ie, NKG2A, CD57, Immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 [LIR1 or LILRB1], FcεRI γ chain, and Prolymphocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger transcription factor) as well as T lymphocyte subsets were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. The relation of NKG2C+ NK cells with T cells specific for CMV antigens was analyzed in pretransplant patients (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 28). Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses supported that NKG2C+ NK cells bearing adaptive markers were specifically associated with a reduced incidence of posttransplant symptomatic CMV infection; no correlation between NKG2C+ NK cells and CMV-specific T cells was observed. These results support that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells contribute to control CMV infection in KTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ataya
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Redondo-Pachón
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María J Pérez-Sáez
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vila
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics-HLA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Müller J, Tanner R, Matsumiya M, Snowden MA, Landry B, Satti I, Harris SA, O’Shea MK, Stockdale L, Marsay L, Chomka A, Harrington-Kandt R, Thomas ZRM, Naranbhai V, Stylianou E, Mbandi SK, Hatherill M, Hussey G, Mahomed H, Tameris M, McClain JB, Evans TG, Hanekom WA, Scriba TJ, McShane H, Fletcher HA. Cytomegalovirus infection is a risk factor for tuberculosis disease in infants. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130090. [PMID: 31697647 PMCID: PMC6962026 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune activation is associated with increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease in infants. We performed a case-control analysis to identify drivers of immune activation and disease risk. Among 49 infants who developed TB disease over the first 2 years of life, and 129 healthy matched controls, we found the cytomegalovirus-stimulated (CMV-stimulated) IFN-γ response to be associated with CD8+ T cell activation (Spearman's rho, P = 6 × 10-8). A CMV-specific IFN-γ response was also associated with increased risk of developing TB disease (conditional logistic regression; P = 0.043; OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.02-4.83) and shorter time to TB diagnosis (Log Rank Mantel-Cox, P = 0.037). CMV+ infants who developed TB disease had lower expression of NK cell-associated gene signatures and a lower frequency of CD3-CD4-CD8- lymphocytes. We identified transcriptional signatures predictive of TB disease risk among CMV ELISpot-positive (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC], 0.98, accuracy, 92.57%) and -negative (AUROC, 0.9; accuracy, 79.3%) infants; the CMV- signature was validated in an independent infant study (AUROC, 0.71; accuracy, 63.9%). A 16-gene signature that previously identified adolescents at risk of developing TB disease did not accurately classify case and control infants in this study. Understanding the microbial drivers of T cell activation, such as CMV, could guide new strategies for prevention of TB disease in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Müller
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Magali Matsumiya
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A. Harris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Stockdale
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Marsay
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Chomka
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Kennedy Institute and
| | - Rachel Harrington-Kandt
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zita-Rose Manjaly Thomas
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gregory Hussey
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hassan Mahomed
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Tameris
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen A. Fletcher
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Goodier MR, Wolf AS, Riley EM. Differentiation and adaptation of natural killer cells for anti-malarial immunity. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:25-37. [PMID: 31762040 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells employ a diverse arsenal of effector mechanisms to target intracellular pathogens. Differentiation of natural killer (NK) cell activation pathways occurs along a continuum from reliance on innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress-induced host ligands through to interaction with signals derived from acquired immune responses. Importantly, the degree of functional differentiation of the NK cell lineage influences the magnitude and specificity of interactions with host cells infected with viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Individual humans possess a vast diversity of distinct NK cell clones, each with the capacity to vary along this functional differentiation pathway, which - when combined - results in unique individual responses to different infections. Here we summarize these NK cell differentiation events, review evidence for direct interaction of malaria-infected host cells with NK cells and assess how innate inflammatory signals induced by malaria parasite-associated molecular patterns influence the indirect activation and function of NK cells. Finally, we discuss evidence that anti-malarial immunity develops in parallel with advancing NK differentiation, coincident with a loss of reliance on inflammatory signals, and a refined capacity of NK cells to target malaria parasites more precisely, particularly through antibody-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Goodier
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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32
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Manser AR, Scherenschlich N, Thöns C, Hengel H, Timm J, Uhrberg M. KIR Polymorphism Modulates the Size of the Adaptive NK Cell Pool in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Individuals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2301-2309. [PMID: 31519864 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute infection with human CMV (HCMV) induces the development of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells. In some cases, large expansions of this subset, characterized by coexpression of HLA-C-specific KIR, are stably maintained during the life-long latent phase of infection. The factors that control these unusual expansions in vivo are currently unknown. In this study, the role of KIR polymorphism and expression in this process was analyzed. It is shown that strong NKG2C+ NK cell expansions are dominated by single KIR clones, whereas moderate expansions are frequently polyclonal (p < 0.0001). Importantly, the choice of KIR was not arbitrary but biased toward usage of HLA-C-specific KIR encoded by the centromeric part of group A (cenA) haplotypes. Consideration of KIR allelic variation and gene copy number revealed that the cenA effect was predominantly due to the HLA-C2-specific KIR2DL1 receptor; presence of KIR2DL1 on NKG2C+ NK cells led to significantly larger clonal expansions than the cenB-encoded KIR2DL2 (p = 0.002). Expansion of NKG2C+KIR2DL1+ NK cells was always accompanied by the cognate ligand HLA-C2. Moreover, in these donors the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells correlated with the concentration of anti-HCMV IgG (r = 0.62, p = 0.008), suggesting direct relevance of NKG2C+KIR2DL1+ NK cells for virus control. Altogether, the study suggests that the homeostasis of NKG2C+ NK cells in HCMV infection is at least partly controlled by coexpression of cognate inhibitory KIR. In particular, the strong interaction of KIR2DL1 and HLA-C2 ligands seems to promote large and stable expansion of adaptive NK cells in HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Scherenschlich
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Thöns
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and.,Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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33
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Pickering H, Palmer CD, Houghton J, Makalo P, Joof H, Derrick T, Goncalves A, Mabey DCW, Bailey RL, Burton MJ, Roberts CH, Burr SE, Holland MJ. Conjunctival Microbiome-Host Responses Are Associated With Impaired Epithelial Cell Health in Both Early and Late Stages of Trachoma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:297. [PMID: 31552195 PMCID: PMC6736612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trachoma, a neglected tropical disease, is the leading infectious cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Host responses to ocular chlamydial infection resulting in chronic inflammation and expansion of non-chlamydial bacteria are hypothesized risk factors for development of active trachoma and conjunctival scarring. Methods: Ocular swabs from trachoma endemic populations in The Gambia were selected from archived samples for 16S sequencing and host conjunctival gene expression. We recruited children with active trachoma and adults with conjunctival scarring, alongside corresponding matched controls. Findings: In children, active trachoma was not associated with significant changes in the ocular microbiome. Haemophilus enrichment was associated with antimicrobial responses but not linked to active trachoma. Adults with scarring trachoma had a reduced ocular bacterial diversity compared to controls, with increased relative abundance of Corynebacterium. Increased abundance of Corynebacterium in scarring disease was associated with innate immune responses to the microbiota, dominated by altered mucin expression and increased matrix adhesion. Interpretation: In the absence of current Chlamydia trachomatis infection, changes in the ocular microbiome associate with differential expression of antimicrobial and inflammatory genes that impair epithelial cell health. In scarring trachoma, expansion of non-pathogenic bacteria such as Corynebacterium and innate responses are coincident, warranting further investigation of this relationship. Comparisons between active and scarring trachoma supported the relative absence of type-2 interferon responses in scarring, whilst highlighting a common suppression of re-epithelialization with altered epithelial and bacterial adhesion, likely contributing to development of scarring pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Pickering
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine D Palmer
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Houghton
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pateh Makalo
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, MRC Unit the Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Hassan Joof
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, MRC Unit the Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Tamsyn Derrick
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Goncalves
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C W Mabey
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L Bailey
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Burton
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy H Roberts
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Burr
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Disease Control and Elimination Theme, MRC Unit the Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Martin J Holland
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Disease Control and Elimination Theme, MRC Unit the Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, Gambia
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34
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Reed RG, Al-Attar A, Presnell SR, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. A longitudinal study of the stability, variability, and interdependencies among late-differentiated T and NK cell subsets in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:46-54. [PMID: 30885717 PMCID: PMC6482456 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The stability and variability of older adults' late-differentiated peripheral blood T and natural killer (NK) cells over time remains incompletely quantified or understood. We examined the variability and change over time in T and NK cell subsets in a longitudinal sample of older adults; the effects of sex, cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus, and chronic disease severity on immune levels and trajectories; and interdependencies among T and NK cell subsets. Older adults (N = 149, age 64-94 years, 42% male) provided blood every 6 months for 2.5 years (up to 5 waves) to evaluate late-differentiated CD8 T cells (CD28-, CD57+) and CD56dimNK cells (CD57+, NKG2C+, FcɛRIγ-). In multilevel models, most of the variance in immune subsets reflected stable differences between people. However, CD56dimNK cell subsets (CD57+ and FcɛRIγ-) also increased with age, whereas T cell subsets did not. Independent of age, all subsets examined were higher in CMV-positive older adults. Men had higher levels of CD56dim CD57+ than women. Chronic disease was not associated with any immune subset investigated. T and NK cell subsets correlated within each cell type, but interdependencies differed by CMV serostatus. Our results suggest the accumulation of these stable cell populations may be driven less by chronological aging, even less by chronic disease severity, and more by CMV, which may differentially skew T and NK cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Steven R Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Charles T Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
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35
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Muntasell A, Servitja S, Cabo M, Bermejo B, Pérez-Buira S, Rojo F, Costa-García M, Arpí O, Moraru M, Serrano L, Tusquets I, Martínez MT, Heredia G, Vera A, Martínez-García M, Soria L, Comerma L, Santana-Hernández S, Eroles P, Rovira A, Vilches C, Lluch A, Albanell J, López-Botet M. High Numbers of Circulating CD57 + NK Cells Associate with Resistance to HER2-Specific Therapeutic Antibodies in HER2 + Primary Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1280-1292. [PMID: 31189644 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can orchestrate effective antitumor immunity. The presence of tumor-infiltrating NK cells in diagnostic biopsies predicts pathologic complete response (pCR) to HER2-specific therapeutic antibodies in patients with primary breast cancer. Here, we analyzed whether diversity in circulating NK cells might influence tumor infiltration and HER2-specific therapeutic antibody efficacy. We found that numbers of circulating CD57+ NK cells inversely correlated with pCR to HER2-specific antibody treatment in patients with primary breast cancer independently of age, traditional clinicopathologic factors, and CD16A 158F/V genotype. This association was uncoupled from the expression of other NK-cell receptors, the presence of adaptive NK cells, or changes in major T-cell subsets, reminiscent of cytomegalovirus-induced immunomodulation. NK-cell activation against trastuzumab-coated HER2+ breast cancer cells was comparable in patients with high and low proportions of CD57+ NK cells. However, circulating CD57+ NK cells displayed decreased CXCR3 expression and CD16A-induced IL2-dependent proliferation in vitro Presence of CD57+ NK cells was reduced in breast tumor-associated infiltrates as compared with paired peripheral blood samples, suggesting deficient homing, proliferation, and/or survival of NK cells in the tumor niche. Indeed, numbers of circulating CD57+ were inversely related to tumor-infiltrating NK-cell numbers. Our data reveal that NK-cell differentiation influences their antitumor potential and that CD57+ NK cells may be a biomarker useful for tailoring HER2 antibody-based therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Muntasell
- Immunity and Infection, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sònia Servitja
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Cabo
- Immunity and Infection, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinico de Valencia-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Buira
- Department of Pathology, IIS "Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital," Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Department of Pathology, IIS "Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital," Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Arpí
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuela Moraru
- HLA-Immunogenetics Department, Instituto Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Laia Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Tusquets
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Vera
- Immunity and Infection, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-García
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Soria
- Immunity and Infection, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Santana-Hernández
- Immunity and Infection, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinico de Valencia-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- HLA-Immunogenetics Department, Instituto Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinico de Valencia-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Immunity and Infection, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Cliff JM, King EC, Lee JS, Sepúlveda N, Wolf AS, Kingdon C, Bowman E, Dockrell HM, Nacul L, Lacerda E, Riley EM. Cellular Immune Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Front Immunol 2019; 10:796. [PMID: 31057538 PMCID: PMC6477089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating condition with unknown aetiology, Myalgic encephalomyelitis unclear pathophysiology and with no diagnostic test or biomarker available. Many patients report their ME/CFS began after an acute infection, and subsequent increased frequency of infections, such as colds or influenza, is common. These factors imply an altered immunological status exists in ME/CFS, in at least a proportion of patients, yet previous studies of peripheral immunity have been discrepant and inconclusive. The UK ME/CFS Biobank, which has collected blood samples from nearly 300 clinically-confirmed ME/CFS patients, enables large-scale studies of immunological function in phenotypically well-characterised participants. In this study, herpes virus serological status and T cell, B cell, NK cell and monocyte populations were investigated in 251 ME/CFS patients, including 54 who were severely affected, and compared with those from 107 healthy participants and with 46 patients with Multiple Sclerosis. There were no differences in seroprevalence for six human herpes viruses between ME/CFS and healthy controls, although seroprevalence for the Epstein-Barr virus was higher in multiple sclerosis patients. Contrary to previous reports, no significant differences were observed in NK cell numbers, subtype proportions or in vitro responsiveness between ME/CFS patients and healthy control participants. In contrast, the T cell compartment was altered in ME/CFS, with increased proportions of effector memory CD8+ T cells and decreased proportions of terminally differentiated effector CD8+ T cells. Conversely, there was a significantly increased proportion of mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT) cells, especially in severely affected ME/CFS patients. These abnormalities demonstrate that an altered immunological state does exist in ME/CFS, particularly in severely affected people. This may simply reflect ongoing or recent infection, or may indicate future increased susceptibility to infection. Longitudinal studies of ME/CFS patients are needed to help to determine cause and effect and thus any potential benefits of immuno-modulatory treatments for ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Cliff
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C King
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Centre of Statistics and Applications, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Kingdon
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erinna Bowman
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Nacul
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eliana Lacerda
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Comeau EM, Holder KA, Fudge NJ, Grant MD. Cytomegalovirus-Driven Adaption of Natural Killer Cells in NKG2C null Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030239. [PMID: 30857329 PMCID: PMC6466323 DOI: 10.3390/v11030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of natural killer (NK) cells expressing NKG2C occurs following human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and is amplified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. These NKG2C-expressing NK cells demonstrate enhanced CD16-dependent cytokine production and downregulate FcεRIγ and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF). Lacking NKG2C diminishes resistance to HIV infection, but whether this affects NK cell acquisition of superior antibody-dependent function is unclear. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether HCMV-driven NK cell differentiation is impaired in NKG2Cnull HIV-infected individuals. Phenotypic (CD2, CD16, CD57, NKG2A, FcεRIγ, and PLZF expression) and functional (cytokine induction and cytotoxicity) properties were compared between HIV⁻infected NKG2Cnull and NKG2C-expressing groups. Cytokine production was compared following stimulation through natural cytotoxicity receptors or through CD16. Cytotoxicity was measured by anti-CD16-redirected lysis and by classical antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against anti-class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody-coated cells. Our data indicate highly similar HCMV-driven NK cell differentiation in HIV infection with or without NKG2C. While the fraction of mature (CD57pos) NK cells expressing CD2 (p = 0.009) or co-expressing CD2 and CD16 (p = 0.03) was significantly higher in NKG2Cnull HIV-infected individuals, there were no significant differences in NKG2A, FcεRIγ, or PLZF expression. The general phenotypic and functional equivalency observed suggests NKG2C-independent routes of HCMV-driven NK cell differentiation, which may involve increased CD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M Comeau
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philp Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Ariyanto IA, Estiasari R, Edwar L, Makwana N, Lee S, Price P. Characterization of Natural Killer Cells in HIV Patients Beginning Therapy with a High Burden of Cytomegalovirus. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:345-354. [PMID: 30422022 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1538236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV) increase NK cell expression of the inhibitory receptor LIR-1 and the activating receptor NKG2C in transplant recipients. However, the effects of CMV on NK cells are different in HIV patients stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and have not been analyzed in young HIV patients beginning ART. METHODOLOGY We followed a cohort of 78 Indonesian HIV patients beginning ART. CMV antibodies were measured in plasma before ART (baseline), and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. CMV DNA was sought in blood granulocytes at baseline by quantitative PCR assay and a deletion in the NKG2C gene was identified by PCR. NK cell profiles were monitored by flow cytometry in 19 patients stratified by the presence of CMV DNA. Healthy controls (n = 17) were assessed once. RESULTS All 78 patients were CMV seropositive and 41 had detectable CMV DNA. CMV DNA+ patients had higher proportions of total NK cells and CD16+ NK cells at baseline, but similar expression of LIR-1 and NKp30 on NK cells on ART. However, levels of CMV antibody were inversely related to median LIR-1 expression on NK cells. A dramatic elevation in cells expressing NKG2C was restricted to CMV DNA+ patients heterozygous for the NKG2C deletion. Patients with High NKG2C expression had lower levels of CMV antibodies. CONCLUSION A subpopulation of NK cells expressing NKG2C was induced by CMV replication in HIV patients heterozygous for a deletion in this gene. Individuals with an abundant NKG2C+ and LIR-1+ NK cells displayed lower levels of CMV reactive antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibnu A Ariyanto
- a Faculty of Medicine, Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia
| | - Riwanti Estiasari
- b Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta , Indonesia
| | - Lukman Edwar
- c Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta , Indonesia
| | - Nandini Makwana
- d School of Biomedical Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- d School of Biomedical Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- a Faculty of Medicine, Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.,d School of Biomedical Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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Holder KA, Lajoie J, Grant MD. Natural Killer Cells Adapt to Cytomegalovirus Along a Functionally Static Phenotypic Spectrum in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2494. [PMID: 30483249 PMCID: PMC6240648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Events related to HCMV infection drive accumulation of functionally enhanced CD57posNKG2Cpos adapted NK cells. We investigated NK cell adaptation to HCMV along a proposed continuum progressing from acute activation through maturation and memory formation towards functional exhaustion. Acute exposure to conditioned medium collected 24 h after HCMV infection (HCMVsn) increased NK cell cytotoxicity for all HCMV-seronegative and seropositive donors tested, with mean 38 and 29% boosts in natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), respectively. Increases in NK cell cytotoxicity were completely abrogated by blocking type I interferon (IFN) receptors and equivalent responses occurred with exposure to IFN-α2 alone at the same concentration present in HCMVsn. To study longer term effects of HCMV infection, we focused on three groups of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects distinguished as HCMV-seronegative or HCMV-seropositive with either high (>20%) or low (<6%) fractions of their NK cells expressing NKG2C. The NK cells of all three HIV-infected groups responded to HCMVsn and IFN-α2 in a manner similar to the NK cells of either HCMV-seronegative or seropositive controls. Neither HCMV status, nor the extent of phenotypic evidence of adaptation to HCMV infection significantly affected mean levels of ADCC or CD16-mediated NK cell degranulation and IFN-γ production compared between the HIV-infected groups. Levels of IFN-γ production correlated significantly with the fraction of NK cells lacking FcεRIγ (FcRγ), but not with the fraction of NK cells expressing NKG2C. There was negligible expression of exhaustion markers Lag-3 and PD-1 on NK cells in any of the groups and no significant difference between groups in the fraction of NK cells expressing Tim-3. The fraction of NK cells expressing Tim-3 was unaffected by CD16 stimulation. Relative to the total NK cell population, responses of Tim-3-expressing cells to CD16 stimulation were variably compromised in HCMV seronegative and seropositive groups. In general, NK cell function in response to signaling through CD16 was well preserved in HIV infection and although HCMV had a clear effect on NK cell FcRγ and NKG2C expression, there was little evidence that the level of adaptation to HCMV infection affected CD16-dependent NK cell signaling in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Holder
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Julie Lajoie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Patel M, Vlahava VM, Forbes SK, Fielding CA, Stanton RJ, Wang ECY. HCMV-Encoded NK Modulators: Lessons From in vitro and in vivo Genetic Variation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2214. [PMID: 30327650 PMCID: PMC6174198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is under constant selective pressure from the immune system in vivo. Study of HCMV genes that have been lost in the absence of, or genetically altered by, such selection can focus research toward findings of in vivo significance. We have been particularly interested in the most pronounced change in the highly passaged laboratory strains AD169 and Towne—the deletion of 13–15 kb of sequence (designated the UL/b′ region) that encodes up to 22 canonical genes, UL133-UL150. At least 5 genes have been identified in UL/b′ that inhibit NK cell function. UL135 suppresses formation of the immunological synapse (IS) by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton, thereby illustrating target cell cooperation in IS formation. UL141 inhibits expression of two activating ligands (CD155, CD112) for the activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1), and two receptors (TRAIL-R1, R2) for the apoptosis-inducing TRAIL. UL142, ectopically expressed in isolation, and UL148A, target specific MICA allotypes that are ligands for NKG2D. UL148 impairs expression of CD58 (LFA-3), the co-stimulatory cell adhesion molecule for CD2 found on T and NK cells. Outside UL/b′, studies on natural variants have shown UL18 mutants change affinity for their inhibitory ligand LIR-1, while mutations in UL40's HLA-E binding peptide differentially drive NKG2C+ NK expansions. Research into HCMV genomic stability and its effect on NK function has provided important insights into virus:host interactions, but future studies will require consideration of genetic variability and the effect of genes expressed in the context of infection to fully understand their in vivo impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihil Patel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia-Maria Vlahava
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simone K Forbes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri A Fielding
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eddie C Y Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Suppression of costimulation by human cytomegalovirus promotes evasion of cellular immune defenses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4998-5003. [PMID: 29691324 PMCID: PMC5948980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720950115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD58 is an adhesion molecule that is known to play a critical role in costimulation of effector cells and is intrinsic to immune synapse structure. Herein, we describe a virally encoded gene that inhibits CD58 surface expression. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL148 was necessary and sufficient to promote intracellular retention of CD58 during HCMV infection. Blocking studies with antagonistic anti-CD58 mAb and an HCMV UL148 deletion mutant (HCMV∆UL148) with restored CD58 expression demonstrated that the CD2/CD58 axis was essential for the recognition of HCMV-infected targets by CD8+ HCMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Further, challenge of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo with HCMV∆UL148 increased both CTL and natural killer (NK) cell degranulation against HCMV-infected cells, including NK-driven antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, showing that UL148 is a modulator of the function of multiple effector cell subsets. Our data stress the effect of HCMV immune evasion functions on shaping the immune response, highlighting the capacity for their potential use in modulating immunity during the development of anti-HCMV vaccines and HCMV-based vaccine vectors.
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42
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Hammer Q, Rückert T, Borst EM, Dunst J, Haubner A, Durek P, Heinrich F, Gasparoni G, Babic M, Tomic A, Pietra G, Nienen M, Blau IW, Hofmann J, Na IK, Prinz I, Koenecke C, Hemmati P, Babel N, Arnold R, Walter J, Thurley K, Mashreghi MF, Messerle M, Romagnani C. Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:453-463. [PMID: 29632329 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific rearranged receptors, a hallmark of adaptive lymphocytes. In some people infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), an NK cell subset expressing the activating receptor NKG2C undergoes clonal-like expansion that partially resembles anti-viral adaptive responses. However, the viral ligand that drives the activation and differentiation of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells has remained unclear. Here we found that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells differentially recognized distinct HCMV strains encoding variable UL40 peptides that, in combination with pro-inflammatory signals, controlled the population expansion and differentiation of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells. Thus, we propose that polymorphic HCMV peptides contribute to shaping of the heterogeneity of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cell populations among HCMV-seropositive people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Hammer
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Borst
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Josefine Dunst
- Inflammation Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Haubner
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Microbiota and Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marina Babic
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adriana Tomic
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mikalai Nienen
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Igor Wolfgang Blau
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Institute of Virology Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Virology, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Koenecke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Hemmati
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Arnold
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kevin Thurley
- Systems Biology of Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Messerle
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany. .,Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Wilk AJ, Blish CA. Diversification of human NK cells: Lessons from deep profiling. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:629-641. [PMID: 29350874 PMCID: PMC6133712 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ri0917-390r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes with important roles in immunoregulation, immunosurveillance, and cytokine production. Originally defined on the functional basis of their "natural" ability to lyse tumor targets and thought to be a relatively homogeneous group of lymphocytes, NK cells possess a remarkable degree of phenotypic and functional diversity due to the combinatorial expression of an array of activating and inhibitory receptors. Diversification of NK cells is multifaceted: mechanisms of NK cell education that promote self-tolerance result in a heterogeneous repertoire that further diversifies upon encounters with viral pathogens. Here, we review the genetic, developmental, and environmental sources of NK cell diversity with a particular focus on deep profiling and single-cell technologies that will enable a more thorough and accurate dissection of this intricate and poorly understood lymphocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Wilk
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cobelens F, Nagelkerke N, Fletcher H. The convergent epidemiology of tuberculosis and human cytomegalovirus infection. F1000Res 2018; 7:280. [PMID: 29780582 PMCID: PMC5934687 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14184.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several factors are known to increase the risk of tuberculosis, the occurrence of tuberculosis disease in an infected individual is difficult to predict. We hypothesize that active human cytomegalovirus infection due to recent infection, reinfection or reactivation plays an epidemiologically relevant role in the aetiology of tuberculosis by precipitating the progression from latent tuberculosis infection to disease. The most compelling support for this hypothesis comes from the striking similarity in age-sex distribution between the two infections, important because the age-sex pattern of tuberculosis disease progression has not been convincingly explained. Cytomegalovirus infection and tuberculosis have other overlapping risk factors, including poor socio-economic status, solid organ transplantation and, possibly, sexual contact and whole blood transfusion. Although each of these overlaps could be explained by shared underlying risk factors, none of the epidemiological observations refute the hypothesis. If this interaction would play an epidemiologically important role, important opportunities would arise for novel approaches to controlling tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cobelens
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, AZ, Amsterdam, 1105, Netherlands
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB , R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Helen Fletcher
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street , London , WC1E 7HT, UK
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45
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Garand M, Goodier M, Owolabi O, Donkor S, Kampmann B, Sutherland JS. Functional and Phenotypic Changes of Natural Killer Cells in Whole Blood during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29520269 PMCID: PMC5827559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health concern, especially in resource-poor countries such as The Gambia. Defining protective immunity to TB is challenging: its pathogenesis is complex and involves several cellular components of the immune system. Recent works in vaccine development suggest important roles of the innate immunity in natural protection to TB, including natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells mediate cellular cytotoxicity and cytokine signaling in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). NK cells can display specific memory-type markers to previous antigen exposure; thus, bridging innate and adaptive immunity. However, major knowledge gaps exist on the contribution of NK cells in protection against Mtb infection or TB. We performed a cross-sectional assessment of NK cells phenotype and function in four distinct groups of individuals: TB cases pre-treatment (n = 20) and post-treatment (n = 19), and household contacts with positive (n = 9) or negative (n = 18) tuberculin skin test (TST). While NK cells frequencies were similar between all groups, significant decreases in interferon-γ expression and degranulation were observed in NK cells from TB cases pre-treatment compared to post-treatment. Conversely, CD57 expression, a marker of advanced NK cells differentiation, was significantly lower in cases post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. Finally, NKG2C, an activation and imprinted-NK memory marker, was significantly increased in TST+ (latently infected) compared to TB cases pre-treatment and TST- (uninfected) individuals. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the role of NK cells in Mtb infection and TB disease, demonstrating potential markers for distinguishing between infection states and monitoring of TB treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Garand
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Martin Goodier
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olumuyiwa Owolabi
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Simon Donkor
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Jayne S Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
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46
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Stockdale L, Nash S, Nalwoga A, Painter H, Asiki G, Fletcher H, Newton R. Human cytomegalovirus epidemiology and relationship to tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural Ugandan cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192086. [PMID: 29408860 PMCID: PMC5800673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been associated with increased mortality, specifically cardiovascular disease (CVD), in high-income countries (HICs). There is a paucity of data in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where HCMV seropositivity is higher. Serum samples from 2,174 Ugandan individuals were investigated for HCMV antibodies and data linked to demographic information, co-infections and a variety of CVD measurements. HCMV seropositivity was 83% by one year of age, increasing to 95% by five years. Female sex, HIV positivity and active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were associated with an increase in HCMV IgG levels in adjusted analyses. There was no evidence of any associations with risk factors for CVD after adjusting for age and sex. HCMV infection is ubiquitous in this rural Ugandan cohort from a young age. The association between TB disease and high HCMV IgG levels merits further research. Known CVD risk factors do not appear to be associated with higher HCMV antibody levels in this Ugandan cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stockdale
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Nash
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Nalwoga
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Hannah Painter
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gershim Asiki
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Helen Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Newton
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- University of York, Department of Health Sciences, York, United Kingdom
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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47
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Wagstaffe HR, Mooney JP, Riley EM, Goodier MR. Vaccinating for natural killer cell effector functions. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1010. [PMID: 29484187 PMCID: PMC5822400 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has proved to be highly effective in reducing global mortality and eliminating infectious diseases. Building on this success will depend on the development of new and improved vaccines, new methods to determine efficacy and optimum dosing and new or refined adjuvant systems. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that respond rapidly during primary infection but also have adaptive characteristics enabling them to integrate innate and acquired immune responses. NK cells are activated after vaccination against pathogens including influenza, yellow fever and tuberculosis, and their subsequent maturation, proliferation and effector function is dependent on myeloid accessory cell-derived cytokines such as IL-12, IL-18 and type I interferons. Activation of antigen-presenting cells by live attenuated or whole inactivated vaccines, or by the use of adjuvants, leads to enhanced and sustained NK cell activity, which in turn contributes to T cell recruitment and memory cell formation. This review explores the role of cytokine-activated NK cells as vaccine-induced effector cells and in recall responses and their potential contribution to vaccine and adjuvant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Wagstaffe
- Department of Immunology and InfectionLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Jason P Mooney
- Department of Immunology and InfectionLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and InfectionLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Martin R Goodier
- Department of Immunology and InfectionLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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48
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Vietzen H, Pollak K, Honsig C, Jaksch P, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. NKG2C Deletion Is a Risk Factor for Human Cytomegalovirus Viremia and Disease After Lung Transplantation. J Infect Dis 2017; 217:802-806. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Goodier MR, Jonjić S, Riley EM, Juranić Lisnić V. CMV and natural killer cells: shaping the response to vaccination. Eur J Immunol 2017; 48:50-65. [PMID: 28960320 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are highly prevalent, persistent human pathogens that not only evade but also shape our immune responses. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the control of CMV and CMVs have in turn developed a plethora of immunoevasion mechanisms targeting NK cells. This complex interplay can leave a long-lasting imprint on the immune system in general and affect responses toward other pathogens and vaccines. This review aims to provide an overview of NK cell biology and development, the manipulation of NK cells by CMVs and the potential impact of these evasion strategies on responses to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Goodier
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department for Histology and Embryology and Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Department for Histology and Embryology and Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
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Pupuleku A, Costa-García M, Farré D, Hengel H, Angulo A, Muntasell A, López-Botet M. Elusive Role of the CD94/NKG2C NK Cell Receptor in the Response to Cytomegalovirus: Novel Experimental Observations in a Reporter Cell System. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1317. [PMID: 29114247 PMCID: PMC5660692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection promotes the differentiation and persistent expansion of a mature NK cell subset, which displays high surface levels of the activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptor, together with additional distinctive phenotypic and functional features. The mechanisms underlying the development of adaptive NK cells remain uncertain but some observations support the involvement of a cognate interaction of CD94/NKG2C with ligand(s) displayed by HCMV-infected cells. To approach this issue, the heterodimer and its adaptor (DAP12) were expressed in the human Jurkat leukemia T cell line; signaling was detected by transfection of a reporter plasmid encoding for Luciferase (Luc) under NFAT/AP1-dependent control. Engagement of the receptor by solid-phase bound CD94- or NKG2C-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) triggered Luc expression. Moreover, reporter activation was detectable upon interaction with HLA-E+ 721.221 (.221-AEH) cells, as well as with 721.221 cells incubated with synthetic peptides, which stabilized surface expression of endogenous HLA-E; the response was specifically antagonized by soluble NKG2C- and HLA-E-specific mAbs. By contrast, activation of Jurkat-NKG2C+ was undetectable upon interaction with Human Fetal Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFFF) infected with HCMV laboratory strains (i.e., AD169, Towne), regardless of their differential ability to preserve surface HLA-E expression. On the other hand, infection with two clinical isolates or with the endotheliotropic TB40/E strain triggered Jurkat-NKG2C+ activation; yet, this response was not inhibited by blocking mAbs and was independent of CD94/NKG2C expression. The results are discussed in the framework of previous observations supporting the hypothetical existence of specific ligand(s) for CD94/NKG2C in HCMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldi Pupuleku
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Costa-García
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domènec Farré
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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