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Thongsa-Ad U, Wongpan A, Wongkummool W, Chaiwijit P, Uppakara K, Chaiyakitpattana G, Singpant P, Tong-Ngam P, Chukhan A, Pabuprappap W, Wongniam S, Suksamrarn A, Hongeng S, Anurathapan U, Kulkeaw K, Tubsuwan A, Bhukhai K. Improving hematopoietic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells by the modulation of Hippo signaling with a diarylheptanoid derivative. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:60. [PMID: 38433217 PMCID: PMC10910864 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diarylheptanoid ASPP 049 has improved the quality of adult hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion ex vivo through long-term reconstitution in animal models. However, its effect on hematopoietic regeneration from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is unknown. METHOD We utilized a defined cocktail of cytokines without serum or feeder followed by the supplementation of ASPP 049 to produce hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion analysis were used to identify nonadherent and adherent cells. Nonadherent cells were harvested to investigate the effect of ASPP 049 on multipotency using LTC-IC and CFU assays. Subsequently, the mechanism of action was explored through transcriptomic profiles, which were validated by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULT The supplementation of ASPP 049 increased the number of phenotypically defined primitive HSPCs (CD34+CD45+CD90+) two-fold relative to seeded hiPSC colonies, indicating enhanced HSC derivation from hiPSCs. Under ASPP 049-supplemented conditions, we observed elevated HSPC niches, including CD144+CD73- hemogenic- and CD144+CD73+ vascular-endothelial progenitors, during HSC differentiation. Moreover, harvested ASPP 049-treated cells exhibited improved self-renewal and a significantly larger proportion of different blood cell colonies with unbiased lineages, indicating enhanced HSC stemness properties. Transcriptomics and KEGG analysis of sorted CD34+CD45+ cells-related mRNA profiles revealed that the Hippo signaling pathway is the most significant in responding to WWTR1/TAZ, which correlates with the validation of the protein expression. Interestingly, ASPP 049-supplemented HSPCs upregulated 11 genes similarly to umbilical cord blood-derived HSPCs. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ASPP 049 can improve HSC-generating protocols with proliferative potentials, self-renewal ability, unbiased differentiation, and a definable mechanism of action for the clinical perspective of hematopoietic regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umnuaychoke Thongsa-Ad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Anongnat Wongpan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasinee Wongkummool
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Phaewa Chaiwijit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Uppakara
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | | | - Passanan Singpant
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pirut Tong-Ngam
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Amnat Chukhan
- Prima Scientific, 147/170-171 Baromrajchonnee, Arunamarin, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Wachirachai Pabuprappap
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Sirapope Wongniam
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation and Platform Services Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanit Bhukhai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Abe T, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y. Advancements in medical research using fetal sheep: Implications for human health and treatment methods. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13945. [PMID: 38651196 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sheep are typically considered as industrial animals that provide wool and meals. However, they play a significant role in medical research in addition to their conventional use. Notably, sheep fetuses are resistant to surgical invasions and can endure numerous manipulations, such as needle puncture and cell transplantation, and surgical operations requiring exposure beyond the uterus. Based on these distinguishing characteristics, we established a chimeric sheep model capable of producing human/monkey pluripotent cell-derived blood cells via the fetal liver. Furthermore, sheep have become crucial as human fetal models, acting as platforms for developing and improving techniques for intrauterine surgery to address congenital disorders and clarifying the complex pharmacokinetic interactions between mothers and their fetuses. This study emphasizes the significant contributions of fetal sheep to advancing human disease understanding and treatment strategies, highlighting their unique characteristics that are not present in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Open Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
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3
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Tatwavedi D, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J. Recent advances in the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to the study of myeloid malignancies. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100993. [PMID: 37827894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquired myeloid malignancies are a spectrum of clonal disorders known to be caused by sequential acquisition of genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, leading to their aberrant self-renewal and differentiation. The increasing use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study myeloid malignancies has helped usher a paradigm shift in approaches to disease modeling and drug discovery, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. The process of reprogramming allows for the capture of the diversity of genetic lesions and mutational burden found in primary patient samples into individual stable iPSC lines. Patient-derived iPSC lines, owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, can thus be a homogenous source of disease relevant material that allow for the study of disease pathogenesis using various functional read-outs. Furthermore, genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 enable the study of the stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis through the introduction of specific driver mutations, individually or in combination, to create isogenic lines for comparison. In this review, we survey the current use of iPSCs to model acquired myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia and MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The use of iPSCs has enabled the interrogation of the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression driving these diseases. It has also made drug testing, repurposing, and the discovery of novel therapies for these diseases possible in a high throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Dijkhuis L, Johns A, Ragusa D, van den Brink SC, Pina C. Haematopoietic development and HSC formation in vitro: promise and limitations of gastruloid models. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:439-454. [PMID: 38095554 PMCID: PMC10754337 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most extensively studied adult stem cells. Yet, six decades after their first description, reproducible and translatable generation of HSC in vitro remains an unmet challenge. HSC production in vitro is confounded by the multi-stage nature of blood production during development. Specification of HSC is a late event in embryonic blood production and depends on physical and chemical cues which remain incompletely characterised. The precise molecular composition of the HSC themselves is incompletely understood, limiting approaches to track their origin in situ in the appropriate cellular, chemical and mechanical context. Embryonic material at the point of HSC emergence is limiting, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of embryonic haematopoietic development in which current knowledge gaps can be addressed and exploited to enable HSC production. Gastruloids are pluripotent stem cell-derived 3-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates which recapitulate developmental events in gastrulation and early organogenesis with spatial and temporal precision. Gastruloids self-organise multi-tissue structures upon minimal and controlled external cues, and are amenable to live imaging, screening, scaling and physicochemical manipulation to understand and translate tissue formation. In this review, we consider the haematopoietic potential of gastruloids and review early strategies to enhance blood progenitor and HSC production. We highlight possible strategies to achieve HSC production from gastruloids, and discuss the potential of gastruloid systems in illuminating current knowledge gaps in HSC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Dijkhuis
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayona Johns
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| | - Denise Ragusa
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| | | | - Cristina Pina
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
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Piau O, Brunet-Manquat M, L'Homme B, Petit L, Birebent B, Linard C, Moeckes L, Zuliani T, Lapillonne H, Benderitter M, Douay L, Chapel A, Guyonneau-Harmand L, Jaffredo T. Generation of transgene-free hematopoietic stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1610-1623.e7. [PMID: 38065068 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the rare cells responsible for the lifelong curative effects of hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation. The demand for clinical-grade HSCs has increased significantly in recent decades, leading to major difficulties in treating patients. A promising but not yet achieved goal is the generation of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we have obtained vector- and stroma-free transplantable HSCs by differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using an original one-step culture system. After injection into immunocompromised mice, cells derived from hiPSCs settle in the bone marrow and form a robust multilineage hematopoietic population that can be serially transplanted. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that this repopulating activity is due to a hematopoietic population that is transcriptionally similar to human embryonic aorta-derived HSCs. Overall, our results demonstrate the generation of HSCs from hiPSCs and will help identify key regulators of HSC production during human ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Piau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Brunet-Manquat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Bruno L'Homme
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Birebent
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Christine Linard
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laetitia Moeckes
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Atlantic Bio GMP - 2, rue Aronnax, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Thomas Zuliani
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Atlantic Bio GMP - 2, rue Aronnax, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Hélène Lapillonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine/Trousseau, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Douay
- AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine/Trousseau, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Alain Chapel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Guyonneau-Harmand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France.
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France.
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6
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Chang Y, Hummel SN, Jung J, Jin G, Deng Q, Bao X. Engineered hematopoietic and immune cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2023; 127:14-27. [PMID: 37611730 PMCID: PMC10615717 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
For the past decade, significant advances have been achieved in human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation for treating various blood diseases and cancers. However, challenges remain with the quality control, amount, and cost of HSCs and HSC-derived immune cells. The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) may transform HSC transplantation and cancer immunotherapy by providing a cost-effective and scalable cell source for fundamental studies and translational applications. In this review, we discuss the current developments in the field of stem cell engineering for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) differentiation and further differentiation of HSPCs into functional immune cells. The key advances in stem cell engineering include the generation of HSPCs from hPSCs, genetic modification of hPSCs, and hPSC-derived HSPCs for improved function, further differentiation of HPSCs into functional immune cells, and applications of cell culture platforms for hematopoietic cell manufacturing. Current challenges impeding the translation of hPSC-HSPCs and immune cells as well as further directions to address these challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sydney N Hummel
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Juhyung Jung
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qing Deng
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Galat Y, Du Y, Perepitchka M, Li XN, Balyasnikova IV, Tse WT, Dambaeva S, Schneiderman S, Iannaccone PM, Becher O, Graham DK, Galat V. In vitro vascular differentiation system efficiently produces natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2240670. [PMID: 37720687 PMCID: PMC10501168 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2240670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapeutic innovation is crucial for limited operability tumors. CAR T-cell therapy displayed reduced efficiency against glioblastoma (GBM), likely due to mutations underlying disease progression. Natural Killer cells (NKs) detect cancer cells despite said mutations - demonstrating increased tumor elimination potential. We developed an NK differentiation system using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Via this system, genetic modifications targeting cancer treatment challenges can be introduced during pluripotency - enabling unlimited production of modified "off-the-shelf" hPSC-NKs. Methods hPSCs were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and NKs using our novel organoid system. These cells were characterized using flow cytometric and bioinformatic analyses. HPC engraftment potential was assessed using NSG mice. NK cytotoxicity was validated using in vitro and in vitro K562 assays and further corroborated on lymphoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and GBM cell lines in vitro. Results HPCs demonstrated engraftment in peripheral blood samples, and hPSC-NKs showcased morphology and functionality akin to same donor peripheral blood NKs (PB-NKs). The hPSC-NKs also displayed potential advantages regarding checkpoint inhibitor and metabolic gene expression, and demonstrated in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against various cancers. Conclusions Our organoid system, designed to replicate in vivo cellular organization (including signaling gradients and shear stress conditions), offers a suitable environment for HPC and NK generation. The engraftable nature of HPCs and potent NK cytotoxicity against leukemia, lymphoma, DIPG, and GBM highlight the potential of this innovative system to serve as a valuable tool that will benefit cancer treatment and research - improving patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariana Perepitchka
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William T Tse
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Svetlana Dambaeva
- Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sylvia Schneiderman
- Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip M Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oren Becher
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliy Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Qiu L, Kong B, Kong T, Wang H. Recent advances in liver-on-chips: Design, fabrication, and applications. SMART MEDICINE 2023; 2:e20220010. [PMID: 39188562 PMCID: PMC11235950 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a multifunctional organ and the metabolic center of the human body. Most drugs and toxins are metabolized in the liver, resulting in varying degrees of hepatotoxicity. The damage of liver will seriously affect human health, so it is very important to study the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. At present, there are many research studies in this field. However, most of them are based on animal models, which are limited by the time-consuming processes and species difference between human and animals. In recent years, liver-on-chips have emerged and developed rapidly and are expected to replace animal models. Liver-on-chips refer to the use of a small number of liver cells on the chips to simulate the liver microenvironment and ultrastructure in vivo. They hold extensive applications in multiple fields by reproducing the unique physiological functions of the liver in vitro. In this review, we first introduced the physiology and pathology of liver and then described the cell system of liver-on-chips, the chip-based liver models, and the applications of liver-on-chips in liver transplantation, drug screening, and metabolic evaluation. Finally, we discussed the currently encountered challenges and future trends in liver-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Qiu
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Bin Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound ImagingDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound ImagingDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Huan Wang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
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9
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De Novo Generation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020321. [PMID: 36672255 PMCID: PMC9857267 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to manufacture human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory holds enormous promise for cellular therapy of human blood diseases. Several differentiation protocols have been developed to facilitate the emergence of HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Most approaches employ a stepwise addition of cytokines and morphogens to recapitulate the natural developmental process. However, these protocols globally lack clinical relevance and uniformly induce PSCs to produce hematopoietic progenitors with embryonic features and limited engraftment and differentiation capabilities. This review examines how key intrinsic cues and extrinsic environmental inputs have been integrated within human PSC differentiation protocols to enhance the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis and how advances in genomics set the stage for imminent breakthroughs in this field.
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10
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Dai K, Zhang Q, Deng S, Yu Y, Zhu F, Zhang S, Pan Y, Long D, Wang J, Liu C. A BMP-2-triggered in vivo osteo-organoid for cell therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd1541. [PMID: 36608118 PMCID: PMC9821865 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies and regenerative medicine interventions require an adequate source of therapeutic cells. Here, we demonstrate that constructing in vivo osteo-organoids by implanting bone morphogenetic protein-2-loaded scaffolds into the internal muscle pocket near the femur of mice supports the growth and subsequent harvest of therapeutically useful cells including hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), lymphocytes, and myeloid cells. Profiling of the in vivo osteo-organoid maturation process delineated three stages-fibroproliferation, osteochondral differentiation, and marrow generation-each of which entailed obvious changes in the organoid structure and cell type distribution. The MSCs harvested from the osteochondral differentiation stage mitigated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic liver fibrosis in mice, while HSPCs and immune cells harvested during the marrow generation stage rapidly and effectively reconstituted the impaired peripheral and solid immune organs of irradiated mice. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potentials of in vivo osteo-organoid-derived cells in cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Shunshu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuanman Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Fuwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - YuanZhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dandan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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11
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Li Z, Yang L. Current status of producing autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103377. [PMID: 36638755 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation is an established therapy for many diseases of the hematopoietic system, for example aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. With the development of the HSCs research, HSCs provide an attractive method for treating hereditary blood disorders and immunotherapy of cancer by introducing gene modification. Compared with allogenic HSCs transplantation, using autologous HSCs or HSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would eliminate the probability of alloimmunization and transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases. The methods for obtaining autologous HSCs include amplifying patients' HSCs or inducing patients' somatic cells to HSCs (graph abstract). However, the biggest problem is inducing HSCs to proliferate in vitro and maintaining their stemness at the same time. Although many tests have been made to transform iPSCs to HSCs, the artificially generated HSCs still have substantial disparity compared with physiological HSCs. This review summarized the application status and obstacles to implantation of autologous HSCs and iPSC-derived HSCs. Meanwhile, we summarized the latest research progress in HSCs amplification and iPSCs reprogramming methods, which will help to solve the problems mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
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12
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Zhu J, Li H, Aerbajinai W, Kumkhaek C, Pirooznia M, Saxena A, Dagur P, Chin K, Rodgers GP. Kruppel-like factor 1-GATA1 fusion protein improves the sickle cell disease phenotype in mice both in vitro and in vivo. Blood 2022; 140:2276-2289. [PMID: 36399071 PMCID: PMC9837447 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia are among the most common genetic disorders worldwide, affecting global health and mortality. Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2, α2δ2) is expressed at a low level in adult blood due to the lack of the Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) binding motif in the δ-globin promoter region. However, HbA2 is fully functional as an oxygen transporter, and could be a valid antisickling agent in SCD, as well as a substitute for hemoglobin A in β-thalassemia. We have previously demonstrated that KLF1-GATA1 fusion protein could interact with the δ-globin promoter and increase δ-globin expression in human primary CD34+ cells. We report the effects of 2 KLF1-GATA1 fusion proteins on hemoglobin expression, as well as SCD phenotypic correction in vitro and in vivo. Forced expression of KLF1-GATA1 fusion protein enhanced δ-globin gene and HbA2 expression, as well as reduced hypoxia-related sickling, in erythroid cells cultured from both human sickle CD34+ cells and SCD mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The fusion proteins had no impact on erythroid cell differentiation, proliferation, and enucleation. Transplantation of highly purified SCD mouse HSCs expressing KLF1-GATA1 fusion protein into SCD mice lessened the severity of the anemia, reduced the sickling of red blood cells, improved SCD-related pathological alterations in spleen, kidney, and liver, and restored urine-concentrating ability in recipient mice. Taken together, these results indicate that the use of KLF1-GATA1 fusion constructs may represent a new gene therapy approach for hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiong Zhu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wulin Aerbajinai
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chutima Kumkhaek
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pradeep Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kyung Chin
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Griffin P. Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Wen B, Wang G, Li E, Kolesnichenko OA, Tu Z, Divanovic S, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. In vivo generation of bone marrow from embryonic stem cells in interspecies chimeras. eLife 2022; 11:74018. [PMID: 36178184 PMCID: PMC9578712 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of bone marrow (BM) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) promises to accelerate the development of future cell therapies for life-threatening disorders. However, such approach is limited by technical challenges to produce a mixture of functional BM progenitor cells able to replace all hematopoietic cell lineages. Herein, we used blastocyst complementation to simultaneously produce BM cell lineages from mouse ESCs in a rat. Based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing, mouse ESCs differentiated into multiple hematopoietic and stromal cell types that were indistinguishable from normal mouse BM cells based on gene expression signatures and cell surface markers. Receptor-ligand interactions identified Cxcl12-Cxcr4, Lama2-Itga6, App-Itga6, Comp-Cd47, Col1a1-Cd44, and App-Il18rap as major signaling pathways between hematopoietic progenitors and stromal cells. Multiple hematopoietic progenitors, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mouse-rat chimeras derived more efficiently from mouse ESCs, whereas chondrocytes predominantly derived from rat cells. In the dorsal aorta and fetal liver of mouse-rat chimeras, mouse HSCs emerged and expanded faster compared to endogenous rat cells. Sequential BM transplantation of ESC-derived cells from mouse-rat chimeras rescued lethally irradiated syngeneic mice and demonstrated long-term reconstitution potential of donor HSCs. Altogether, a fully functional BM was generated from mouse ESCs using rat embryos as 'bioreactors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiang Wen
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Guolun Wang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Enhong Li
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Olena A Kolesnichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Zhaowei Tu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine of the University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine of the University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine of the University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
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14
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Zbinden A, Canté-Barrett K, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. Stem Cell-Based Disease Models for Inborn Errors of Immunity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010108. [PMID: 35011669 PMCID: PMC8750661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) to reconstitute myeloid and lymphoid lineages combined with their self-renewal capacity hold enormous promises for gene therapy as a viable treatment option for a number of immune-mediated diseases, most prominently for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The current development of such therapies relies on disease models, both in vitro and in vivo, which allow the study of human pathophysiology in great detail. Here, we discuss the current challenges with regards to developmental origin, heterogeneity and the subsequent implications for disease modeling. We review models based on induced pluripotent stem cell technology and those relaying on use of adult hHSCs. We critically review the advantages and limitations of current models for IEI both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that existing and future stem cell-based models are necessary tools for developing next generation therapies for IEI.
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15
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Sidhu I, Barwe SP, Pillai RK, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Harnessing the Power of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Gene Editing Technology: Therapeutic Implications in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2021; 10:2698. [PMID: 34685678 PMCID: PMC8534597 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro modeling of hematological malignancies not only provides insights into the influence of genetic aberrations on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease progression but also aids development and evaluation of therapeutic agents. Owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a potential source of short in supply disease-specific human cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Patient-derived iPSCs can recapitulate the disease severity and spectrum of prognosis dictated by the genetic variation among patients and can be used for drug screening and studying clonal evolution. However, this approach lacks the ability to model the early phases of the disease leading to cancer. The advent of genetic editing technology has promoted the generation of precise isogenic iPSC disease models to address questions regarding the underlying genetic mechanism of disease initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the use of iPSC disease modeling in hematological diseases, where there is lack of patient sample availability and/or difficulty of engraftment to generate animal models. Furthermore, we describe the power of combining iPSC and precise gene editing to elucidate the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression of various hematological malignancies. Finally, we discuss the power of iPSC disease modeling in developing and testing novel therapies in a high throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Sidhu
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Sonali P. Barwe
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Raju K. Pillai
- National Medical Center, Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91105, USA;
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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16
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Lei X, Ma C, Cao Y, Xiong Y, Zhang JV, Duan E. High-Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Random Positioning Machine Bioreactors. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2436:55-66. [PMID: 34374037 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are known to differentiate into almost all the blood lineage cells in vitro and hold a great promise for studying human early hematopoietic development and have a huge potential in the treatment of hematological disorders. Although several methods of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) differentiation have been developed, the HSPC yields achieved using these strategies are not yet available for clinical application. Recently, bioreactor-based devices and biochemical factors synergistically have been used to induce hematopoietic differentiation and showed a potential role in hematopoiesis. This chapter describes a protocol for using a random positioning machine bioreactor to culture human PSCs and the large-scale production of HPCs. Techniques for characterizing the differentiated cells and assessing the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation in the bioreactor with immunostaining and flow cytometry are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Lei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Serr I, Kral M, Scherm MG, Daniel C. Advances in Human Immune System Mouse Models for Personalized Treg-Based Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643544. [PMID: 33679808 PMCID: PMC7930911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice engrafted with a functional human immune system [Human immune system (HIS) mice] have paved the way to major advances for personalized medicine and translation of immune-based therapies. One prerequisite for advancing personalized medicine is modeling the immune system of individuals or disease groups in a preclinical setting. HIS mice engrafted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells have provided fundamental insights in underlying mechanisms guiding immune activation vs. regulation in several diseases including cancer. However, the development of Graft-vs.-host disease restrains relevant long-term studies in HIS mice. Alternatively, engraftment with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) enables mimicking different disease stages, however, low frequencies of HSCs in peripheral blood of adults impede engraftment efficacy. One possibility to overcome those limitations is the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed into HSCs, a challenging process which has recently seen major advances. Personalized HIS mice bridge research in mice and human diseases thereby facilitating the translation of immunomodulatory therapies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important mediators of immune suppression and thereby contribute to tumor immune evasion, which has made them a central target for cancer immunotherapies. Importantly, studying Tregs in the human immune system in vivo in HIS mice will help to determine requirements for efficient Treg-targeting. In this review article, we discuss advances on personalized HIS models using reprogrammed iPSCs and review the use of HIS mice to study requirements for efficient targeting of human Tregs for personalized cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Serr
- Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kral
- Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin G Scherm
- Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Lewis K, Yoshimoto M, Takebe T. Fetal liver hematopoiesis: from development to delivery. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:139. [PMID: 33597015 PMCID: PMC7890853 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical transplants of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can provide a lifesaving therapy for many hematological diseases; however, therapeutic applications are hampered by donor availability. In vivo, HSC exist in a specified microenvironment called the niche. While most studies of the niche focus on those residing in the bone marrow (BM), a better understanding of the fetal liver niche during development is vital to design human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) culture and may provide valuable insights with regard to expanding HSCs ex vivo for transplantation. This review will discuss the importance of the fetal liver niche in HSC expansion, a feat that occurs during development and has great clinical potential. We will also discuss emerging approaches to generate expandable HSC in cell culture that attain more complexity in the form of cells or organoid models in combination with engineering and systems biology approaches. Overall, delivering HSC by charting developmental principles will help in the understanding of the molecular and biological interactions between HSCs and fetal liver cells for their controlled maturation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lewis
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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Abstract
Studies of the major hemoglobin disorders, β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), have laid a foundation for molecular medicine. While enormous progress has been made in understanding gene structure and regulation, translating molecular insights to therapy for the many individuals affected with these disorders has been challenging. Advances in three activities have recently converged to bring novel genetic and potentially curative treatments to clinical trials. First, improved lentiviral vectors for gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells have revived somatic gene therapy for blood disorders. Second, elucidation of regulatory factors and mechanisms that control the normal developmental switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin has provided a route to reactivation of the fetal form for therapy. Third, revolutionary methods of gene engineering permit molecular insights to be leveraged for patients. Here I review how the promise of molecular medicine to bring transformative treatments to the clinical arena is finally being realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Orkin
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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20
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Reilly A, Doulatov S. Induced pluripotent stem cell models of myeloid malignancies and clonal evolution. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102195. [PMID: 33592565 PMCID: PMC10115516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cells from patients with genetic disorders to pluripotency is a promising avenue to understanding disease biology. A number of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of inherited monogenic blood disorders have been reported over the past decade. However, the application of iPSCs for modeling of hematological malignancies has only recently been explored. Blood malignancies comprise a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders marked by the acquisition of somatic mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This genetic heterogeneity presents unique challenges for iPSC modeling, but also opportunities to capture genetically distinct states and generate models of stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis. Here we briefly review the current state of this field, highlighting current models of acquired pre-malignant and malignant blood disorders and clonal evolution, and challenges including barriers to reprogramming and differentiation of iPSCs into bona fide hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Reilly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genome Sciences, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genome Sciences, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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21
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Stem Cells an Overview. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Sources, Isolation and culture of stem cells? Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Abe T, Uosaki H, Shibata H, Hara H, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y, Hanazono Y. Fetal sheep support the development of hematopoietic cells in vivo from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 95:46-57.e8. [PMID: 33395577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report that a sheep fetal liver provides a microenvironment for generating hematopoietic cells with long-term engrafting capacity and multilineage differentiation potential from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hemogenic endothelial cells (HEs). Despite the promise of iPSCs for making any cell types, generating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is still a challenge. We hypothesized that the hematopoietic microenvironment, which exists in fetal liver but is lacking in vitro, turns iPSC-HEs into HSPCs. To test this, we transplanted CD45-negative iPSC-HEs into fetal sheep liver, in which HSPCs first grow. Within 2 months, the transplanted cells became CD45 positive and differentiated into multilineage blood cells in the fetal liver. Then, CD45-positive cells translocated to the bone marrow and were maintained there for 3 years with the capability of multilineage differentiation, indicating that hematopoietic cells with long-term engraftment potential were generated. Moreover, human hematopoietic cells were temporally enriched by xenogeneic donor-lymphocyte infusion into the sheep. This study could serve as a foundation to generate HSPCs from iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
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24
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Doulatov S, Papapetrou EP. Studying clonal evolution of myeloid malignancies using induced pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:50-56. [PMID: 33264225 PMCID: PMC7821967 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myeloid malignancies comprise a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders marked by the stepwise acquisition of somatic mutations and clonal evolution. The blood and bone marrow of patients typically consists of a mix of different clones and subclones along the path of clonal evolution that cannot be deconvoluted with most current approaches. Here, we review the application of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to the study of the clonal architecture and clonal evolution of these diseases, focusing on myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS Reprogramming to pluripotency allows capture of the genomes of single somatic cells into stable iPSC lines. In addition, precise genome editing can introduce specific driver mutations, isolated, and in combinations, into normal iPSCs. Studies utilizing these approaches have elucidated the clonal composition and mutational order in patients with myeloid neoplasms. Importantly, they have also enabled functional interrogation of the cellular and molecular consequences of individual mutations and their combinations and allowed testing of the effects of drugs on distinct disease clones. SUMMARY Human iPSCs are important tools to elucidate the mechanisms of progression from normal to malignant haematopoiesis and empower drug testing and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eirini P. Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Fidanza A, Stumpf PS, Ramachandran P, Tamagno S, Babtie A, Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Taylor AH, Easterbrook J, Henderson BEP, Axton R, Henderson NC, Medvinsky A, Ottersbach K, Romanò N, Forrester LM. Single-cell analyses and machine learning define hematopoietic progenitor and HSC-like cells derived from human PSCs. Blood 2020; 136:2893-2904. [PMID: 32614947 PMCID: PMC7862875 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) develop in distinct waves at various anatomical sites during embryonic development. The in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates some of these processes; however, it has proven difficult to generate functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To define the dynamics and heterogeneity of HSPCs that can be generated in vitro from hPSCs, we explored single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in combination with single-cell protein expression analysis. Bioinformatics analyses and functional validation defined the transcriptomes of naïve progenitors and erythroid-, megakaryocyte-, and leukocyte-committed progenitors, and we identified CD44, CD326, ICAM2/CD9, and CD18, respectively, as markers of these progenitors. Using an artificial neural network that we trained on scRNAseq derived from human fetal liver, we identified a wide range of hPSC-derived HSPCs phenotypes, including a small group classified as HSCs. This transient HSC-like population decreased as differentiation proceeded, and was completely missing in the data set that had been generated using cells selected on the basis of CD43 expression. By comparing the single-cell transcriptome of in vitro-generated HSC-like cells with those generated within the fetal liver, we identified transcription factors and molecular pathways that can be explored in the future to improve the in vitro production of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick S Stumpf
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Tamagno
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Babtie
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Easterbrook
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Beth E P Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Axton
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Romanò
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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26
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Spyrou N, Papapetrou EP. Studying leukemia stem cell properties and vulnerabilities with human iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2020; 50:102117. [PMID: 33388708 PMCID: PMC8190184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of cancer cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can capture entire cancer genomes, and thus create genetically faithful models of human cancers. By providing stringent genetically clonal conditions, iPSC modeling can also unveil non-genetic sources of cancer heterogeneity and provide a unique opportunity to study them separately from genetic sources, as we recently showed in an iPSC-based model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Genetically clonal iPSCs, derived from a patient with AML, reproduce, upon hematopoietic differentiation, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity with all the hallmarks of a leukemia stem cell (LSC) hierarchy. Here we discuss the lessons that can be learned about the LSC state, its plasticity, stability and genetic and epigenetic determinants from iPSC modeling. We also discuss the practical and translational implications of exploiting AML-iPSCs to prospectively isolate large numbers of iLSCs for large-scale experiments, such as screens, and for discovery of new therapeutic targets specific to AML LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Spyrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Zhou Y, Wei C, Xiong S, Dong L, Chen Z, Chen SJ, Cheng L. Trajectory of chemical cocktail-induced neutrophil reprogramming. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:171. [PMID: 33302977 PMCID: PMC7727137 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic reprogramming holds great promise for generating functional target cells and provides new angle for understanding hematopoiesis. We reported before for the first time that diverse differentiated hematopoietic cell lineages could be reprogrammed back into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell-like cells by chemical cocktail. However, the exact cell types of induced cells and reprogramming trajectory remain elusive. Here, based on genetic tracing method CellTagging and single-cell RNA sequencing, it is found that neutrophils could be reprogrammed into multipotent progenitors, which acquire multi-differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo, including into lymphoid cells. Construction of trajectory map of the reprogramming procession shows that mature neutrophils follow their canonical developmental route reversely into immature ones, premature ones, granulocyte/monocyte progenitors, common myeloid progenitors, and then the terminal cells, which is stage by stage or skips intermediate stages. Collectively, this study provides a precise dissection of hematopoietic reprogramming procession and sheds light on chemical cocktail-induction of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chuijin Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shumin Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liaoliao Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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28
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Yadav P, Vats R, Bano A, Bhardwaj R. Hematopoietic Stem Cells Culture, Expansion and Differentiation: An Insight into Variable and Available Media. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:326-334. [PMID: 32840223 PMCID: PMC7691860 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to differentiation and self-renewal capacity, hematopoietic stem cells clasp potentiality to engender all blood cell types, leading to their immense competence to play a diverse role in therapeutic applications. Although these stem cells are the most investigated and exploited until now, further research is still essential to comprehend their nature, fate, and potential. Enhanced usage of hematopoietic stem cells in research and therapeutics intensified the requirement of expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells under in vitro conditions. Since these cells remain in senescence for a prolonged period before isolation, selection of appropriate growth medium along with supplements and culture conditions are crucial to initiate their cell division and to designate their destiny. The precise equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells sustained by exclusive medium along with special growth or differentiation factors is accountable for generating diverse cell lineages. Maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell lines along with the advancement of research work generate an inexorable demand for production and commercialization of specialized stem cell culture media, with or without serum along with specific growth factors and supplements. Media commercialization for precise stem cell types, culturing and differentiation is a cost-effective developing field. Here in this review, we are assembling various types of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, expansion and differentiation media along with supplements and culture conditions, either developed and used by various scientists or are available commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ravina Vats
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Afsareen Bano
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Rashmi Bhardwaj
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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29
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Ebrahimi M, Forouzesh M, Raoufi S, Ramazii M, Ghaedrahmati F, Farzaneh M. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into erythroid cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 33198819 PMCID: PMC7667818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, several strategies have been made to obtain mature erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) from the bone marrow or umbilical cord blood (UCB). However, UCB-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a limited source and in vitro large-scale expansion of RBC from HSC remains problematic. One promising alternative can be human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that provide an unlimited source of cells. Human PSCs, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are self-renewing progenitors that can be differentiated to lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Several previous studies have revealed that human ESCs can differentiate into functional oxygen-carrying erythrocytes; however, the ex vivo expansion of human ESC-derived RBC is subjected to ethical concerns. Human iPSCs can be a suitable therapeutic choice for the in vitro/ex vivo manufacture of RBCs. Reprogramming of human somatic cells through the ectopic expression of the transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, LIN28, and NANOG) has provided a new avenue for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Various techniques have been developed to generate enucleated RBCs from human iPSCs. The in vitro production of human iPSC-derived RBCs can be an alternative treatment option for patients with blood disorders. In this review, we focused on the generation of human iPSC-derived erythrocytes to present an overview of the current status and applications of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Neonatal and Children's Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Raoufi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramazii
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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30
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Embryonic endothelial evolution towards first hematopoietic stem cells revealed by single-cell transcriptomic and functional analyses. Cell Res 2020; 30:376-392. [PMID: 32203131 PMCID: PMC7196075 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in adults are believed to be born from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) in mid-gestational embryos. Due to the rare and transient nature, the HSC-competent HECs have never been stringently identified and accurately captured, let alone their genuine vascular precursors. Here, we first used high-precision single-cell transcriptomics to unbiasedly examine the relevant EC populations at continuous developmental stages with intervals of 0.5 days from embryonic day (E) 9.5 to E11.0. As a consequence, we transcriptomically identified two molecularly different arterial EC populations and putative HSC-primed HECs, whose number peaked at E10.0 and sharply decreased thereafter, in the dorsal aorta of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Combining computational prediction and in vivo functional validation, we precisely captured HSC-competent HECs by the newly constructed Neurl3-EGFP reporter mouse model, and realized the enrichment further by a combination of surface markers (Procr+Kit+CD44+, PK44). Surprisingly, the endothelial-hematopoietic dual potential was rarely but reliably witnessed in the cultures of single HECs. Noteworthy, primitive vascular ECs from E8.0 experienced two-step fate choices to become HSC-primed HECs, namely an initial arterial fate choice followed by a hemogenic fate conversion. This finding resolves several previously observed contradictions. Taken together, comprehensive understanding of endothelial evolutions and molecular programs underlying HSC-primed HEC specification in vivo will facilitate future investigations directing HSC production in vitro.
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31
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Raffin C, Vo LT, Bluestone JA. T reg cell-based therapies: challenges and perspectives. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:158-172. [PMID: 31811270 PMCID: PMC7814338 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapies using regulatory T (Treg) cells are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. In this Review, we discuss the biology of Treg cells and describe new efforts in Treg cell engineering to enhance specificity, stability, functional activity and delivery. Finally, we envision that the success of Treg cell therapy in autoimmunity and transplantation will encourage the clinical use of adoptive Treg cell therapy for non-immune diseases, such as neurological disorders and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Raffin
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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32
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Haro-Mora JJ, Uchida N, Demirci S, Wang Q, Zou J, Tisdale JF. Biallelic correction of sickle cell disease-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) confirmed at the protein level through serum-free iPS-sac/erythroid differentiation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:590-602. [PMID: 32034898 PMCID: PMC7180291 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing have emerged, allowing for the development of autologous transfusion therapies. We previously demonstrated definitive β‐globin production from human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived erythroid cell generation via hemangioblast‐like ES‐sacs. In this study, we demonstrated normal β‐globin protein production from biallelic corrected sickle cell disease (SCD) iPSCs. We optimized our ES/iPS‐sac method for feeder cell‐free hESC maintenance followed by serum‐free ES‐sac generation, which is preferred for electroporation‐based genome editing. Surprisingly, the optimized protocol improved yields of ES‐sacs (25.9‐fold), hematopoietic‐like spherical cells (14.8‐fold), and erythroid cells (5.8‐fold), compared with our standard ES‐sac generation. We performed viral vector‐free gene correction in SCD iPSCs, resulting in one clone with monoallelic and one clone with biallelic correction, and using this serum‐free iPS‐sac culture, corrected iPSC‐generated erythroid cells with normal β‐globin, confirmed at DNA and protein levels. Our serum‐free ES/iPS‐sac protocol with gene correction will be useful to develop regenerative transfusion therapies for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qi Wang
- iPS Cell Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPS Cell Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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33
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Modeling Leukemia with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a034868. [PMID: 31451537 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) a little over a decade ago raised exciting prospects to transform the study and potentially also the therapy of human diseases. iPSC models have now been created for a multitude of hematologic diseases, including malignancies. Here we discuss practical aspects of iPSC modeling of malignant diseases, review recent studies, and discuss the new opportunities that iPSC models offer, as well as their current limitations and prospects for future development.
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34
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Daniel MG, Rapp K, Schaniel C, Moore KA. Induction of developmental hematopoiesis mediated by transcription factors and the hematopoietic microenvironment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:59-72. [PMID: 31621095 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The induction of hematopoiesis in various cell types via transcription factor (TF) reprogramming has been demonstrated by several strategies. The eventual goal of these approaches is to generate a product for unmet needs in hematopoietic cell transplantation therapies. The most successful strategies hew closely to clues provided from developmental hematopoiesis in terms of factor expression and environmental cues. In this review, we aim to summarize the TFs that play important roles in developmental hematopoiesis primarily and to also touch on adult hematopoiesis. Several aspects of cellular and molecular biology coalesce in this process, with TFs and surrounding cellular signals playing a major role in the overall development of the hematopoietic lineage. We attempt to put these elements into the context of reprogramming and highlight their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Katrina Rapp
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
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35
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Ruiz JP, Chen G, Haro Mora JJ, Keyvanfar K, Liu C, Zou J, Beers J, Bloomer H, Qanash H, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Boehm M, Larochelle A. Robust generation of erythroid and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors from human iPSCs using a scalable monolayer culture system. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101600. [PMID: 31710911 PMCID: PMC6953424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising objectives of clinical hematology is to derive engraftable autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Progress in translating iPSC technologies to the clinic relies on the availability of scalable differentiation methodologies. In this study, human iPSCs were differentiated for 21 days using STEMdiff™, a monolayer-based approach for hematopoietic differentiation of human iPSCs that requires no replating, co-culture or embryoid body formation. Both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells were functionally characterized throughout differentiation. In the hematopoietic fraction, an early transient population of primitive CD235a+ erythroid progenitor cells first emerged, followed by hematopoietic progenitors with multilineage differentiation activity in vitro but no long-term engraftment potential in vivo. In later stages of differentiation, a nearly exclusive production of definitive erythroid progenitors was observed. In the non-hematopoietic fraction, we identified a prevalent population of mesenchymal stromal cells and limited arterial vascular endothelium (VE), suggesting that the cellular constitution of the monolayer may be inadequate to support the generation of HSCs with durable repopulating potential. Quantitative modulation of WNT/β-catenin and activin/nodal/TGFβ signaling pathways with CHIR/SB molecules during differentiation enhanced formation of arterial VE, definitive multilineage and erythroid progenitors, but was insufficient to orchestrate the generation of engrafting HSCs. Overall, STEMdiff™ provides a clinically-relevant and readily adaptable platform for the generation of erythroid and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Ruiz
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Guibin Chen
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Juan Jesus Haro Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Clinical Flow Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jeanette Beers
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Husam Qanash
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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36
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GATA2 deficiency and human hematopoietic development modeled using induced pluripotent stem cells. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3553-3565. [PMID: 30538114 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency is an inherited or sporadic genetic disorder characterized by distinct cellular deficiency, bone marrow failure, various infections, lymphedema, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and predisposition to myeloid malignancies resulting from heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the GATA2 gene. How heterozygous GATA2 mutations affect human hematopoietic development or cause characteristic cellular deficiency and eventual hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia is not fully understood. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to study hematopoietic development in the setting of GATA2 deficiency. We performed hematopoietic differentiation using iPSC derived from patients with GATA2 deficiency and examined their ability to commit to mesoderm, hemogenic endothelial precursors (HEPs), hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Patient-derived iPSC, either derived from fibroblasts/marrow stromal cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells, did not show significant defects in committing to mesoderm, HEP, hematopoietic stem progenitor, or NK cells. However, HEP derived from GATA2-mutant iPSC showed impaired maturation toward hematopoietic lineages. Hematopoietic differentiation was nearly abolished from homozygous GATA2 knockout (KO) iPSC lines and markedly reduced in heterozygous KO lines compared with isogenic controls. On the other hand, correction of the mutated GATA2 allele in patient-specific iPSC did not alter hematopoietic development consistently in our model. GATA2 deficiency usually manifests within the first decade of life. Newborn and infant hematopoiesis appears to be grossly intact; therefore, our iPSC model indeed may resemble the disease phenotype, suggesting that other genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors may contribute to bone marrow failure in these patients following birth. However, heterogeneity of PSC-based models and limitations of in vitro differentiation protocol may limit the possibility to detect subtle cellular phenotypes.
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Donaires FS, Alves-Paiva RM, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, da Silva FB, Tellechea MF, Moreira LF, Santana BA, Traina F, Dunbar CE, Winkler T, Calado RT. Telomere dynamics and hematopoietic differentiation of human DKC1-mutant induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101540. [PMID: 31479877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeropathies are a group of phenotypically heterogeneous diseases molecularly unified by pathogenic mutations in telomere-maintenance genes causing critically short telomeres. X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (DC), the prototypical telomere disease, manifested with ectodermal dysplasia, cancer predisposition, and severe bone marrow failure, is caused by mutations in DKC1, encoding a protein responsible for telomerase holoenzyme complex stability. To investigate the effects of pathogenic DKC1 mutations on telomere repair and hematopoietic development, we derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of a DC patient carrying the most frequent mutation: DKC1 p.A353V. Telomeres eroded immediately after reprogramming in DKC1-mutant iPSCs but stabilized in later passages. The telomerase activity of mutant iPSCs was comparable to that observed in human embryonic stem cells, and no evidence of alternative lengthening of telomere pathways was detected. Hematopoietic differentiation was carried out in DKC1-mutant iPSC clones that resulted in increased capacity to generate hematopoietic colony-forming units compared to controls. Our study indicates that telomerase-dependent telomere maintenance is defective in pluripotent stem cells harboring DKC1 mutation and unable to elongate telomeres, but sufficient to maintain cell proliferation and self-renewal, as well as to support the primitive hematopoiesis, the program that is recapitulated with our differentiation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia S Donaires
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Alves-Paiva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borges da Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Florencia Tellechea
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Figueiredo Moreira
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara A Santana
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Winkler
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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38
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A novel hiPSC-derived system for hematoendothelial and myeloid blood toxicity screens identifies compounds promoting and inhibiting endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104622. [PMID: 31404653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to toxic environmental and pharmaceutical substances can pose a long-term risk to human's health. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential of our recently developed method for induction of myeloid hematoendothelial and blood cells by overexpression of two transcription factors, GATA2 and ETV2, in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for toxicity screening. For the primary screen in a high-throughput format, we selected twenty-two chemicals with various degrees of cytotoxicity available from the NIEHS National Toxicology Program (Tox21). The compounds were applied during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and to differentiated myeloid progenitors growing in suspension. The system was capable of identifying compounds with both inhibitory and favorable effects on hematopoietic network, changes in expression of hematopoietic markers, and mitochondrial and cytotoxicity. The findings were confirmed and further investigated by secondary screens, colony forming cell assay, and gene expression profiling. The hematoendothelial toxicity of 5-fluorouracil, berberine chloride, and benzo(a)pyrene is characterized by the inhibition of cell division and a shift of hematopoietic programming to non-hemogenic endothelial and mesenchymal fates. This study demonstrates the feasibility of transcription factor (TF)-based differentiation systems to monitor endothelial and hematotoxicity and serves as an informative platform for screening myelosuppressive or stimulatory drugs and mechanistic studies of their action.
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39
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Hsu J, Reilly A, Hayes BJ, Clough CA, Konnick EQ, Torok-Storb B, Gulsuner S, Wu D, Becker PS, Keel SB, Abkowitz JL, Doulatov S. Reprogramming identifies functionally distinct stages of clonal evolution in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2019; 134:186-198. [PMID: 31010849 PMCID: PMC6624967 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018884338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), are genetically heterogeneous disorders driven by clonal acquisition of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs). The order of premalignant mutations and their impact on HPC self-renewal and differentiation remain poorly understood. We show that episomal reprogramming of MDS patient samples generates induced pluripotent stem cells from single premalignant cells with a partial complement of mutations, directly informing the temporal order of mutations in the individual patient. Reprogramming preferentially captured early subclones with fewer mutations, which were rare among single patient cells. To evaluate the functional impact of clonal evolution in individual patients, we differentiated isogenic MDS induced pluripotent stem cells harboring up to 4 successive clonal abnormalities recapitulating a progressive decrease in hematopoietic differentiation potential. SF3B1, in concert with epigenetic mutations, perturbed mitochondrial function leading to accumulation of damaged mitochondria during disease progression, resulting in apoptosis and ineffective erythropoiesis. Reprogramming also informed the order of premalignant mutations in patients with complex karyotype and identified 5q deletion as an early cytogenetic anomaly. The loss of chromosome 5q cooperated with TP53 mutations to perturb genome stability, promoting acquisition of structural and karyotypic abnormalities. Reprogramming thus enables molecular and functional interrogation of preleukemic clonal evolution, identifying mitochondrial function and chromosome stability as key pathways affected by acquisition of somatic mutations in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Hsu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andreea Reilly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian J Hayes
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Courtnee A Clough
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Pamela S Becker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and
| | - Siobán B Keel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Janis L Abkowitz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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40
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Georgomanoli M, Papapetrou EP. Modeling blood diseases with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039321. [PMID: 31171568 PMCID: PMC6602313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells through a reprogramming process, which converts them to a pluripotent state, akin to that of embryonic stem cells. Over the past decade, iPSC models have found increasing applications in the study of human diseases, with blood disorders featuring prominently. Here, we discuss methodological aspects pertaining to iPSC generation, hematopoietic differentiation and gene editing, and provide an overview of uses of iPSCs in modeling the cell and gene therapy of inherited genetic blood disorders, as well as their more recent use as models of myeloid malignancies. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of iPSCs compared to model organisms and other cellular systems commonly used in hematology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgomanoli
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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41
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Wang Y, Gao J, Wang H, Wang M, Wen Y, Guo J, Su P, Shi L, Zhou W, Zhou J. R-spondin2 promotes hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells by activating TGF beta signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:136. [PMID: 31109354 PMCID: PMC6528258 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide supplies of potential functional blood cells to suffice the clinical needs. However, the underlying mechanism of generating genuine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and functional blood cells from hPSCs remains largely elusive. METHOD In this study, we supplied R-spondin2 exogenously during hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs under various culture conditions and analyzed the production of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We further added R-spondin2 at different temporal window to pin down the stage at which R-spondin2 conferred its effects. RNA-SEQ-based gene profiling was applied to analyze genes with significantly altered expression and altered signaling pathways. Finally, megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet generation were determined using HPCs with R-spondin2 treatment. RESULTS We found that R-spondin2 generated by hematopoiesis-supporting stromal cells significantly enhances hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs. Supply of R-spondin2 exogenously at the early stage of mesoderm differentiation elevates the generation of APLNR+ cells. Furthermore, early treatment of cells with R-spondin2 enables us to increase the output of hPSC-derived platelet-like particles (PLPs) with intact function. At the mechanistic level, R-spondin2 activates TGF-β signaling to promote the hematopoietic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that a transient supply of R-spondin2 can efficiently promote hematopoietic development by activating both WNT and TGF-β signaling. R-spondin2 can be therefore used as a powerful tool for large-scale generation of functional hematopoietic progenitors and platelets for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yv Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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42
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Understanding the Journey of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2141475. [PMID: 31198425 PMCID: PMC6526542 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2141475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) surface during embryogenesis leading to the genesis of the hematopoietic system, which is vital for immune function, homeostasis balance, and inflammatory responses in the human body. Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, which initiates from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is responsible for the generation of all adult blood cells. With their self-renewing and pluripotent properties, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to create in vitro models of differentiation that will revolutionize our understanding of human development, especially of the human blood system. The utilization of hPSCs provides newfound approaches for studying the origins of human blood cell diseases and generating progenitor populations for cell-based treatments. Current shortages in our knowledge of adult HSCs and the molecular mechanisms that control hematopoietic development in physiological and pathological conditions can be resolved with better understanding of the regulatory networks involved in hematopoiesis, their impact on gene expression, and further enhance our ability to develop novel strategies of clinical importance. In this review, we delve into the recent advances in the understanding of the various cellular and molecular pathways that lead to blood development from hPSCs and examine the current knowledge of human hematopoietic development. We also review how in vitro differentiation of hPSCs can undergo hematopoietic transition and specification, including major subtypes, and consider techniques and protocols that facilitate the generation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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43
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Recent Updates on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Hematological Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5171032. [PMID: 31191673 PMCID: PMC6525795 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5171032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, enormous progress has been made in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Patients' somatic cells such as skin fibroblasts or blood cells can be used to generate disease-specific pluripotent stem cells, which have unlimited proliferation and can differentiate into all cell types of the body. Human iPSCs offer great promises and opportunities for treatments of degenerative diseases and studying disease pathology and drug screening. So far, many iPSC-derived disease models have led to the discovery of novel pathological mechanisms as well as new drugs in the pipeline that have been tested in the iPSC-derived cells for efficacy and potential toxicities. Furthermore, recent advances in genome editing technology in combination with the iPSC technology have provided a versatile platform for studying stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. In this review, an overview of iPSCs, patient-specific iPSCs for disease modeling and drug screening, applications of iPSCs and genome editing technology in hematological disorders, remaining challenges, and future perspectives of iPSCs in hematological diseases will be discussed.
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44
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Mesquitta WT, Wandsnider M, Kang H, Thomson J, Moskvin O, Suknuntha K, Slukvin II. UM171 expands distinct types of myeloid and NK progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6622. [PMID: 31036928 PMCID: PMC6488662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaling up blood cell production from hPSCs is critical to advancing hPSC technologies for blood transfusion, immunotherapy, and transplantation. Here we explored the potential of the HSC agonist pyrimido-indole derivative UM171, to expand hematopoietic progenitors (HPs) derived from hPSCs in chemically defined conditions. We revealed that culture of hPSC-HPs in HSC expansion conditions (SFEM with added TPO, SCF, FLT3L, IL3 and IL6) in the presence of UM171 predominantly expanded HPs with a unique CD34+CD41aloCD45+ phenotype that were enriched in granulocytic progenitors (G-CFCs). In contrast, in lymphoid cultures on OP9-DLL4, in the presence of SCF, FLT3L, and IL7, UM171 selectively expanded CD34+CD45+CD7+ lymphoid progenitors with NK cell potential, and increased NK cell output up to 10-fold. These studies should improve our understanding of the effect of UM171 on de novo generated HPs, and facilitate development of protocols for robust granulocyte and lymphoid cell production from hPSCs, for adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Wandsnider
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - HyunJun Kang
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - James Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53707, USA
| | - Oleg Moskvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA. .,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53707, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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45
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Hormoz S, Singer ZS, Linton JM, Antebi YE, Shraiman BI, Elowitz MB. Inferring Cell-State Transition Dynamics from Lineage Trees and Endpoint Single-Cell Measurements. Cell Syst 2019; 3:419-433.e8. [PMID: 27883889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As they proliferate, living cells undergo transitions between specific molecularly and developmentally distinct states. Despite the functional centrality of these transitions in multicellular organisms, it has remained challenging to determine which transitions occur and at what rates without perturbations and cell engineering. Here, we introduce kin correlation analysis (KCA) and show that quantitative cell-state transition dynamics can be inferred, without direct observation, from the clustering of cell states on pedigrees (lineage trees). Combining KCA with pedigrees obtained from time-lapse imaging and endpoint single-molecule RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) measurements of gene expression, we determined the cell-state transition network of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. This analysis revealed that mouse ES cells exhibit stochastic and reversible transitions along a linear chain of states ranging from 2C-like to epiblast-like. Our approach is broadly applicable and may be applied to systems with irreversible transitions and non-stationary dynamics, such as in cancer and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Hormoz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Zakary S Singer
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - James M Linton
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yaron E Antebi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Boris I Shraiman
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Michael B Elowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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46
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Wang M, Wang H, Wen Y, Chen X, Liu X, Gao J, Su P, Xu Y, Zhou W, Shi L, Zhou J. MEIS2 regulates endothelial to hematopoietic transition of human embryonic stem cells by targeting TAL1. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:340. [PMID: 30526668 PMCID: PMC6286587 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite considerable progress in the development of methods for hematopoietic differentiation, efficient generation of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other genuine functional blood cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is still unsuccessful. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs is highly demanded. Methods In this study, by using whole-genome gene profiling, we identified Myeloid Ectopic Viral Integration Site 2 homolog (MEIS2) as a potential regulator of hESC early hematopoietic differentiation. We deleted MEIS2 gene in hESCs using the CRISPR/CAS9 technology and induced them to hematopoietic differentiation, megakaryocytic differentiation. Results In this study, we found that MEIS2 deletion impairs early hematopoietic differentiation from hESCs. Furthermore, MEIS2 deletion suppresses hemogenic endothelial specification and endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT), leading to the impairment of hematopoietic differentiation. Mechanistically, TAL1 acts as a downstream gene mediating the function of MEIS2 during early hematopoiesis. Interestingly, unlike MEIS1, MEIS2 deletion exerts minimal effects on megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet generation from hESCs. Conclusions Our findings advance the understanding of human hematopoietic development and may provide new insights for large-scale generation of functional blood cells for clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1074-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Papapetrou EP. Modeling myeloid malignancies with patient-derived iPSCs. Exp Hematol 2018; 71:77-84. [PMID: 30481543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modeling human diseases with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers unique research opportunities and is particularly attractive for hematology research. Whereas monogenic inherited blood diseases featured prominently among the first proof-of-principle studies of iPSC modeling, malignant hematologic disorders have been off to a slower start. This has been due to challenges in the derivation of iPSCs from cancer cells and the need to establish robust differentiation protocols and to standardize phenotypic assays of iPSC-derived hematopoiesis. Recent studies of iPSC modeling of myeloid malignancies exploited the clonal heterogeneity of patient samples to derive genetically matched normal controls and recapitulate the clonal evolution of the disease. Comparisons of the malignant phenotypes and molecular signatures of primary leukemic cells, derived iPSCs, and their hematopoietic progeny stress the importance of the cell-of-origin in oncogenesis and enable investigation of the interplay between cell identity and the cancer genome. Larger collections of genetically diverse iPSC lines and more readily scalable hematopoietic differentiation protocols, ideally mimicking adult bone marrow-derived hematopoiesis, would further empower applications of iPSC modeling in myeloid malignancy in the future. Nevertheless, with recent progress in this field, the stage is set for the wider adoption of this model system by the hematology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Human Teratoma-Derived Hematopoiesis Is a Highly Polyclonal Process Supported by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1051-1060. [PMID: 30344010 PMCID: PMC6234902 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensure a life-long regeneration of the blood system and are therefore an important source for transplantation and gene therapy. The teratoma environment supports the complex development of functional HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells, which is difficult to recapitulate in culture. This model mimics various aspects of early hematopoiesis, but is restricted by the low spontaneous hematopoiesis rate. In this study, a feasible protocol for robust hematopoiesis has been elaborated. We achieved a significant increase of the teratoma-derived hematopoietic population when teratomas were generated in the NSGS mouse, which provides human cytokines, together with co-injection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Since little is known about hematopoiesis in teratomas, we addressed localization and clonality of the hematopoietic lineage. Our results indicate that early human hematopoiesis is closely reflected in teratoma formation, and thus highlight the value of this model. Robust human hematopoiesis in teratomas with co-injected HUVECs in NSGS mice Hematopoietic progenitors localize inside vascular structures in teratomas CD45+ cells are present in mesenchymal tissue in teratomas Teratoma formation and subsequent hematopoiesis are polyclonal events
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Duan F, Huang R, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Wang L, Chen X, Bai L, Guo W, Chang SCN, Hu X, Na J. Biphasic modulation of insulin signaling enables highly efficient hematopoietic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:205. [PMID: 30053898 PMCID: PMC6062919 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic lineage cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of hematological diseases and providing sufficient cells for immune therapy. However, a simple, cost-effective method to generate large quantities of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is not yet available. Methods We established a monolayer, chemically defined culture system to induce hematopoietic differentiation from hPSCs in 8 days. Results We found that insulin-free medium allowed hPSCs to leave pluripotency promptly and preferably enter the vascular lineage. Addition of insulin during the later stage of differentiation was essential for the efficient induction of hemogenic endothelium and the emergence of large numbers of CD34+CD43+ HSPCs, while no insulin condition preferably permits endothelial differentiation. Global transcriptome profiling revealed that HSPCs differentiated using our protocol were similar to embryoid body-derived HSPCs. HSPCs obtained from our differentiation system formed robust erythroid, granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage colonies in CFU assay, and can be induced to generate functional macrophages with robust phagocytic ability. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that proper manipulation of insulin-mTOR signaling can greatly facilitate HSPC formation. This finding can be further exploited to formulate cost-effective differentiation medium to generate large quantities of cells of desired blood lineages for regenerative medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0934-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Duan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lufeng Bai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Zhejiang University International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sophia Chia-Ning Chang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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50
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Galat Y, Elcheva I, Dambaeva S, Katukurundage D, Beaman K, Iannaccone PM, Galat V. Application of small molecule CHIR99021 leads to the loss of hemangioblast progenitor and increased hematopoiesis of human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2018; 65:38-48.e1. [PMID: 29879440 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Improving our understanding of the intricacies of hematopoietic specification of induced or embryonic human pluripotent stem cells is beneficial for many areas of research and translational medicine. Currently, it is not clear whether, during human pluripotent stem cells hematopoietic differentiation in vitro, the maturation of definitive progenitors proceeds through a primitive progenitor (hemangioblast) intermediate or if it develops independently. The objective of this study was to investigate the early stages of hematopoietic specification of pluripotent stem cells in vitro. By implementing an adherent culture, serum-free differentiation system that utilizes a small molecule, CHIR99021, to induce human pluripotent stem cells toward various hematopoietic lineages, we established that, compared with the OP9 coculture hematopoietic induction system, the application of CHIR99021 alters the early steps of hematopoiesis such as hemangioblasts, angiogenic hematopoietic progenitors, and hemogenic endothelium. Importantly, it is associated with the loss of hemangioblast progenitors, loss of CD43+ (primitive hematopoietic marker) expression, and predominant development of blast-forming unit erythroid colonies in semisolid medium. These data support the hypothesis that the divergence of primitive and definitive programs during human pluripotent stem cells differentiation precedes the hemangioblast stage. Furthermore, we have shown that the inhibition of primitive hematopoiesis is associated with an increase in hematopoietic potential, which is a fruitful finding due to the growing need for lymphoid and myeloid cells in translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Elcheva
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Svetlana Dambaeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dimantha Katukurundage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip M Iannaccone
- Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vasiliy Galat
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Department of Pathology, Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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