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Trisolini SM, Laganà A, Capria S. Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Therapy and Open Issues. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2024; 16:e2024060. [PMID: 38984099 PMCID: PMC11232686 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2024.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and ischemic end-organ injury due to microvascular platelet-rich thrombi. iTTP pathophysiology is based on a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, the specific von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving protease, due to anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the mortality. Frontline therapy includes daily plasma exchange (PEX) with fresh frozen plasma replacement and immunosuppression with corticosteroids. Caplacizumab has recently been added to frontline therapy. Caplacizumab is a nanobody that binds to the A1 domain of vWF, blocking the interaction of ultra-large vWF multimers with the platelet and thereby preventing the formation of platelet-rich thrombi. Caplacizumab reduces mortality due to ischemic events, refractoriness, and exacerbations after PEX discontinuation. Until now, the criteria for response to treatment mainly took into account the normalization of platelet count and discontinuation of PEX; with the use of caplacizumab leading to rapid normalization of platelet count, it has been necessary to redefine the response criteria, taking into account also the underlying autoimmune disease. Monitoring of ADAMTS13 activity is important to identify cases with a low value of activity (<10IU/L), requiring the optimization of immunosuppressive therapy with the addition of Rituximab. Rituximab is effective in patients with refractory disease or relapsing disease. Currently, the use of Rituximab has expanded, both in frontline treatment and during follow-up, as a pre-emptive approach. Some patients do not achieve ADAMTS13 remission following the acute phase despite steroids and rituximab treatment, requiring an individualized immunosuppressive approach to prevent clinical relapse. In iTTP, there is an increased risk of venous thrombotic events (VTEs) as well as arterial thrombotic events, and most occur after platelet normalization. Until now, there has been no consensus on the use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients on caplacizumab because the drug is known to increase bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maria Trisolini
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine; "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Laganà
- Resident Doctor at the Department of Hematology, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saveria Capria
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine; "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
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Zheng XL. Novel mechanisms of action of emerging therapies of hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:341-351. [PMID: 38752747 PMCID: PMC11209763 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2356763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (hTTP) is caused by deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity, resulting from ADAMTS13 mutations. ADAMTS13 cleaves ultra large von Willebrand factor (VWF), thus reducing its multimer sizes. Hereditary deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity leads to the formation of excessive platelet-VWF aggregates in small arterioles and capillaries, resulting in hTTP. AREAS COVERED PubMed search from 1956 to 2024 using thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and therapy identified 3,675 articles. Only the articles relevant to the topic were selected for discussion, which focuses on pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and mechanisms of action of emerging therapeutics for hTTP. Current therapies include infusion of plasma, or coagulation factor VIII, or recombinant ADAMTS13. Emerging therapies include anti-VWF A1 aptamers or nanobody and gene therapies with adeno-associated viral vector or self-inactivated lentiviral vector or a sleeping beauty transposon system for a long-term expression of a functional ADAMTS13 enzyme. EXPERT OPINION Frequent plasma infusion remains to be the standard of care in most parts of the world, while recombinant ADAMTS13 has become the treatment of choice for hTTP in some of the Western countries. The success of gene therapies in preclinical models may hold a promise for future development of these novel approaches for a cure of hTTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Developmental Sciences, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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3
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Zheng XL. Introductory comments about the special series of thrombotic microangiopathy. ANNALS OF BLOOD 2024; 9:11. [PMID: 39049904 PMCID: PMC11268838 DOI: 10.21037/aob-24-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- X Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Halkidis K, Lämmle B, Zheng XL. The history of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura research: a narrative review. ANNALS OF BLOOD 2024; 9:16. [PMID: 39049905 PMCID: PMC11268837 DOI: 10.21037/aob-23-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but debilitating thrombotic microangiopathy that results from severe deficiency of the enzyme ADAMTS13. The disorder was first described in the early 20th century, but the pathophysiology of the disease has only been elucidated in the past three decades. In this narrative review, we will summarize the milestone moments in the history of TTP research and discovery. Methods We searched literature using PubMed from 1924 to 2023 using the following free text searches: "thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura", "Moschcowitz disease", and "thrombotic microangiopathy". We found 6,917 peer-reviewed articles and sorted through these for relevant literature pertinent to the review. A total of 46 articles were included for review and the remainder were excluded. Key Content and Findings The history of TTP research was reviewed, with a sampling of major events in the evolution of the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of the disease discussed here. There remains much to be learned about the nature of the disease in order to develop more specific and less harmful treatments. Conclusions An overview of the major discoveries that have led to our current understanding of TTP reveals the results of collaboration of multiple groups of physicians and scientists through the past century, with additional breakthroughs likely to occur in the future because of that same collaborative spirit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantine Halkidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Bernhard Lämmle
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- University Clinic of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Braune M, Metelmann M, de Fallois J, Pfrepper C, Barrantes-Freer A, Hiller GGR, Unger S, Seelow E, Halbritter J, Pelz JO. Imbalance of the von Willebrand Factor - ADAMTS-13 axis in patients with retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S). Neurol Res Pract 2024; 6:32. [PMID: 38898536 PMCID: PMC11188181 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-024-00327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is an ultra-rare, autosomal-dominant small vessel disease caused by loss-of-function variants in the gene TREX1. Recently, elevated serum levels of von Willebrand Factor Antigen (vWF-Ag) pointed to an underlying endotheliopathy, and microvascular ischemia was suggested to contribute to the neurodegeneration in RVCL-S. Aim of this study was to further elucidate the endotheliopathy in RVCL-S. METHODS vWF-Ag and ADAMTS-13 activity were repeatedly measured in two patients with genetically confirmed RVCL-S. Renal biopsy of both RVCL-S patients and autoptic brain, renal, hepatic, and pulmonary specimen of one patient with RVCL-S were examined immunohistochemically in comparison to matched controls. In addition, cerebral methylome analysis was performed in the autoptic brain specimen calculating differentially methylated positions compared to controls. RESULTS While vWF-Ag and activity was strongly elevated, ADAMTS-13 activity was low in RVCL-S and further decreased over the course of the disease. Autoptic brain specimen showed signs of thromboinflammation in cerebral small vessels, and vWF-Ag staining was strongly positive in cerebral and renal small vessels in RVCL-S, while only a light to moderate vWF-Ag staining was found in controls. Cerebral methylome analysis yielded 115 differentially methylated CpGs (p < 0.05) in the deceased RVCL-S patient compared to the eight controls without brain pathology. One of the hypomethylated genes coded for ADAMTS-13 (p = 0.00056). CONCLUSIONS These findings point to an imbalance of the vWF - ADAMTS-13 axis in patients with RVCL-S, that may finally lead to an accumulation of vWF-Ag in renal and cerebral small vessels. Elevated vWF-Ag levels may serve as an early serum marker reflecting disease activity. If confirmed, therapeutic approaches might aim at an inhibition of vWF-Ag or increase of ADAMTS-13 activity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Braune
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Metelmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christian Pfrepper
- Division of Haemostaseology, Medical Department I, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alonso Barrantes-Freer
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Susette Unger
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Seelow
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johann Otto Pelz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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Yada N, Zhang Q, Bignotti A, Gralnek SH, Sosnovske D, Hogan K, Ye Z, Zheng L, Zheng XL. Targeting neutrophil extracellular trap accumulation under flow in patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2536-2551. [PMID: 38513079 PMCID: PMC11131081 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neutrophil NETosis is a unique form of cell death, characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial contents to the extracellular space, which is involved in inflammation and thrombosis. However, the role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) and how a targeted therapy affects the accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under flow remain unknown. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the percentage of neutrophils undergoing NETosis in whole blood from patients with iTTP on admission was significantly increased, with a concurrent decrease in the capacity of inducible NETosis by shigatoxin. After therapy, the percentage of H3Cit+MPO+ neutrophils was significantly reduced, with an improvement in inducible NETosis in these patients. Additionally, little to no NET and thrombus formation was detected underflow in the whole blood from patients with iTTP when platelet counts were very low, but the NET and thrombus formation was dramatically increased following therapy when platelet counts rose to ≥50 × 109/L or were restored to normal with donor platelets. Similarly, there was no thrombus or NET accumulation under flow in the whole blood from vwf-/- mice, but NET accumulation was significantly higher in Adamts13-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Finally, recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab (or anfibatide) prevented NET and thrombus formation under flow in whole blood from patients with iTTP or from Adamts13-/- mice. These results indicate that neutrophil NETosis and NET formation depend on platelets and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in iTTP, and a targeted therapy such as recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab may prevent NET and thrombus formation under flow in iTTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Antonia Bignotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Sarah H. Gralnek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Dennis Sosnovske
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Keenan Hogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Zhan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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7
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Zhang Y, Zeng J, Bao S, Zhang B, Li X, Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zu L, Xu X, Xu S, Song Z. Cancer progression and tumor hypercoagulability: a platelet perspective. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024:10.1007/s11239-024-02993-0. [PMID: 38760535 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism, which is common in cancer patients and accompanies or even precedes malignant tumors, is known as cancer-related thrombosis and is an important cause of cancer- associated death. At present, the exact etiology of the elevated incidence of venous thrombosis in cancer patients remains elusive. Platelets play a crucial role in blood coagulation, which is intimately linked to the development of arterial thrombosis. Additionally, platelets contribute to tumor progression and facilitate immune evasion by tumors. Tumor cells can interact with the coagulation system through various mechanisms, such as producing hemostatic proteins, activating platelets, and directly adhering to normal cells. The relationship between platelets and malignant tumors is also significant. In this review article, we will explore these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtong Zeng
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihao Bao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianjie Li
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Colleges of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zuoqing Song
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Bendapudi PK, Foy BH, Mueller SB, Liu J, Feingold LM, Burke KE, Cruz W, Chen MY, Lau ES, Goldberg RL, Tatake I, Wilkinson SC, Carney BJ, Stone JR, Park D, Avelino ARM, Hassan S, Andrzejewski C, Ruby KN, Friedman KD, Brunker PA, Leaf RK, Higgins J, Dzik WH, Stefely JA, Makar RS. Recombinant ADAMTS13 for Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1690-1698. [PMID: 38718359 PMCID: PMC11128310 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2402567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In patients with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP), autoantibodies against the metalloprotease ADAMTS13 lead to catastrophic microvascular thrombosis. However, the potential benefits of recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rADAMTS13) in patients with iTTP remain unknown. Here, we report the clinical use of rADAMTS13, which resulted in the rapid suppression of disease activity and complete recovery in a critically ill patient whose condition had proved to be refractory to all available treatments. We also show that rADAMTS13 causes immune complex formation, which saturates the autoantibody and may promote its clearance. Our data support the role of rADAMTS13 as a novel adjunctive therapy in patients with iTTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K. Bendapudi
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge,
MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brody H. Foy
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Louis M. Feingold
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kristen E. Burke
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Wendy Cruz
- Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Maria Y. Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Emily S. Lau
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Rachel L. Goldberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Ishan Tatake
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shelby C. Wilkinson
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brian J. Carney
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology and Apheresis Service, Beth
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - James R. Stone
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Doyun Park
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Lahey Hospital and
Medical Center, Burlington, MA
| | | | - Sajjad Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Transfusion/Apheresis Medicine
Services, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate Health, Springfield, MA
| | - Chester Andrzejewski
- Department of Pathology, Transfusion/Apheresis Medicine
Services, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate Health, Springfield, MA
| | - Kristen N. Ruby
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Patricia A.R. Brunker
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca K. Leaf
- Division of Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John Higgins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
| | - Walter H. Dzik
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan A. Stefely
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert S. Makar
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Scully M, Antun A, Cataland SR, Coppo P, Dossier C, Biebuyck N, Hassenpflug WA, Kentouche K, Knöbl P, Kremer Hovinga JA, López-Fernández MF, Matsumoto M, Ortel TL, Windyga J, Bhattacharya I, Cronin M, Li H, Mellgård B, Patel M, Patwari P, Xiao S, Zhang P, Wang LT. Recombinant ADAMTS13 in Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1584-1596. [PMID: 38692292 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2314793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) results from severe hereditary deficiency of ADAMTS13. The efficacy and safety of recombinant ADAMTS13 and standard therapy (plasma-derived products) administered as routine prophylaxis or on-demand treatment in patients with congenital TTP is not known. METHODS In this phase 3, open-label, crossover trial, we randomly assigned patients in a 1:1 ratio to two 6-month periods of prophylaxis with recombinant ADAMTS13 (40 IU per kilogram of body weight, administered intravenously) or standard therapy, followed by the alternate treatment; thereafter, all the patients received recombinant ADAMTS13 for an additional 6 months. The trigger for this interim analysis was trial completion by at least 30 patients. The primary outcome was acute TTP events. Manifestations of TTP, safety, and pharmacokinetics were assessed. Patients who had an acute TTP event could receive on-demand treatment. RESULTS A total of 48 patients underwent randomization; 32 completed the trial. No acute TTP event occurred during prophylaxis with recombinant ADAMTS13, whereas 1 patient had an acute TTP event during prophylaxis with standard therapy (mean annualized event rate, 0.05). Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent TTP manifestation (annualized event rate, 0.74 with recombinant ADAMTS13 and 1.73 with standard therapy). Adverse events occurred in 71% of the patients with recombinant ADAMTS13 and in 84% with standard therapy. Adverse events that were considered by investigators to be related to the trial drug occurred in 9% of the patients with recombinant ADAMTS13 and in 48% with standard therapy. Trial-drug interruption or discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in no patients with recombinant ADAMTS13 and in 8 patients with standard therapy. No neutralizing antibodies developed during recombinant ADAMTS13 treatment. The mean maximum ADAMTS13 activity after recombinant ADAMTS13 treatment was 101%, as compared with 19% after standard therapy. CONCLUSIONS During prophylaxis with recombinant ADAMTS13 in patients with congenital TTP, ADAMTS13 activity reached approximately 100% of normal levels, adverse events were generally mild or moderate in severity, and TTP events and manifestations were rare. (Funded by Takeda Development Center Americas and Baxalta Innovations; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03393975.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Scully
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Ana Antun
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Spero R Cataland
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Paul Coppo
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Claire Dossier
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Nathalie Biebuyck
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Wolf-Achim Hassenpflug
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Karim Kentouche
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Paul Knöbl
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Johanna A Kremer Hovinga
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - M Fernanda López-Fernández
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Thomas L Ortel
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Jerzy Windyga
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Michael Cronin
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Hong Li
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Björn Mellgård
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Munjal Patel
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Parth Patwari
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Shan Xiao
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Pinghai Zhang
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
| | - Linda T Wang
- From the Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London (M.S.); the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (A.A.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (S.R.C.); the Department of Hematology and National Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Sorbonne Université (P.C.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris (C.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP (N.B.) - all in Paris; the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (W.-A.H.), and the Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena (K.K.) - both in Germany; the Department of Medicine 1, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (P.K.); the Department of Hematology and Central Hematologic Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.A.K.H.); the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Mother and Child Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (M.F.L.-F.); the Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (M.M.); the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.L.O.); the Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (J.W.); and Takeda Development Center Americas, Cambridge, MA (I.B., M.C., H.L., B.M., M.P., P.P, S.X., P.Z., L.T.W.)
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10
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Yamada S, Asakura H. How We Interpret Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4956. [PMID: 38732176 PMCID: PMC11084439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in hemostasis, and a low platelet count usually increases the risk of bleeding. Conditions in which thrombosis occurs despite low platelet counts are referred to as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), and disseminated intravascular coagulation. TMA includes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and atypical HUS. Patients with these pathologies present with thrombosis and consumptive thrombocytopenia associated with the activation of platelets and the coagulation system. Treatment varies from disease to disease, and many diseases have direct impacts on mortality and organ prognosis if therapeutic interventions are not promptly implemented. Underlying diseases and the results of physical examinations and general laboratory tests as part of a thorough workup for patients should promptly lead to therapeutic intervention before definitive diagnosis. For some diseases, the diagnosis and initial treatment must proceed in parallel. Utilization of not only laboratory tests but also various scoring systems is important for validating therapeutic interventions based on clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidesaku Asakura
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa City 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan;
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11
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Moroniti JJ, Vrbensky JR, Nazy I, Arnold DM. Targeted ADAMTS-13 replacement therapy for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:896-904. [PMID: 38142844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic disorder associated with a severe deficiency of ADAMTS-13-the protease that cleaves von Willebrand factor. Plasma therapy is the current standard of care for managing acute episodes of TTP, which involves removing patient plasma and replacing it with donor plasma to raise the level of ADAMTS-13 activity. Recently, therapies aimed at replacing ADAMTS-13 have been investigated as possible substitutes or add-ons to plasma therapy for congenital and immune-mediated TTP. Enzyme replacement therapy provides recombinant ADAMTS-13 via intravenous (i.v.) infusion to restore enzyme activity. Recombinant ADAMTS-13-loaded platelets localize to the site of thrombus formation in a more concentrated manner than enzyme replacement or plasma therapy. ADAMTS-13-encoding messenger RNA aims to induce a steady supply of secreted protein and gene therapy is a potentially curative strategy. Overall, targeted ADAMTS-13 replacement therapies may provide better outcomes than plasma therapy by achieving higher levels of ADAMTS-13 activity and a more sustained response with fewer adverse events. Herein, we describe targeted ADAMTS-13 replacement therapies for the treatment of TTP and discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Moroniti
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Vrbensky
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald M Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Ceulemans A, Spronk HMH, Ten Cate H, van Zwam WH, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Nagy M. Current and potentially novel antithrombotic treatment in acute ischemic stroke. Thromb Res 2024; 236:74-84. [PMID: 38402645 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most common type of stroke and requires immediate reperfusion. Current acute reperfusion therapies comprise the administration of intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy. Although these acute reperfusion therapies are increasingly successful, optimized secondary antithrombotic treatment remains warranted, specifically to reduce the risk of major bleeding complications. In the development of AIS, coagulation and platelet activation play crucial roles by driving occlusive clot formation. Recent studies implicated that the intrinsic route of coagulation plays a more prominent role in this development, however, this is not fully understood yet. Next to the acute treatments, antithrombotic therapy, consisting of anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet therapy, is successfully used for primary and secondary prevention of AIS but at the cost of increased bleeding complications. Therefore, better understanding the interplay between the different pathways involved in the pathophysiology of AIS might provide new insights that could lead to novel treatment strategies. This narrative review focuses on the processes of platelet activation and coagulation in AIS, and the most common antithrombotic agents in primary and secondary prevention of AIS. Furthermore, we provide an overview of promising novel antithrombotic agents that could be used to improve in both acute treatment and stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Ceulemans
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Henri M H Spronk
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart & Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of internal medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart & Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H van Zwam
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart & Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Sethi SK, Yadav SP, Moideen A, Raina R. NEPHRO-ZEBRA-a neonate with severe jaundice, persistent thrombocytopenia & recurrent acute kidney injury later in childhood: Joining the dots! J Nephrol 2024; 37:827-829. [PMID: 38267796 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Kumar Sethi
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Satya P Yadav
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Adel Moideen
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rupesh Raina
- Pediatric Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, Cleveland, OH, USA
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14
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Heo YA. Apadamtase Alfa: First Approval. Drugs 2024; 84:467-472. [PMID: 38418772 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Apadamtase alfa (ADAMTS13, recombinant-krhn; ADZYNMA), a human recombinant form of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13), is being developed by Takeda under license from KM biologics for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and sickle cell disease. On 9 November 2023, apadamtase alfa was approved in the USA for prophylactic and on-demand enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in paediatric and adult patients with congenital TTP. Apadamtase alfa is under regulatory review for congenital TTP in the EU and Japan, and is under clinical development for immune-mediated TTP in several countries worldwide. Clinical development of apadamtase alfa for vaso-occlusive crisis related to sickle cell anaemia is underway in the USA. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of apadamtase alfa leading to this first approval in the USA for congenital TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-A Heo
- Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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15
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Kwak H, Kim MS, Kim S, Kim J, Aoki Y, Chung SJ, Nam HJ, Lee W. Kinetic modeling of the plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of ADAMTS13 fragment and its Fc-fusion counterpart in mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352842. [PMID: 38590637 PMCID: PMC10999626 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fusion of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) to protein therapeutics is commonly used to extend the circulation time by enhancing neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn)-mediated endosomal recycling and slowing renal clearance. This study applied kinetic modeling to gain insights into the cellular processing contributing to the observed pharmacokinetic (PK) differences between the novel recombinant ADAMTS13 fragment (MDTCS) and its Fc-fusion protein (MDTCS-Fc). Methods: For MDTCS and MDTCS-Fc, their plasma PK profiles were obtained at two dose levels following intravenous administration of the respective proteins to mice. The plasma PK profiles of MDTCS were fitted to a kinetic model with three unknown protein-dependent parameters representing the fraction recycled (FR) and the rate constants for endocytosis (kup, for the uptake into the endosomes) and for the transfer from the plasma to the interstitial fluid (kpi). For MDTCS-Fc, the model was modified to include an additional parameter for binding to FcRn. Parameter optimization was done using the Cluster Gauss-Newton Method (CGNM), an algorithm that identifies multiple sets of approximate solutions ("accepted" parameter sets) to nonlinear least-squares problems. Results: As expected, the kinetic modeling results yielded the FR of MDTCS-Fc to be 2.8-fold greater than that of MDTCS (0.8497 and 0.3061, respectively). In addition, MDTCS-Fc was predicted to undergo endocytosis (the uptake into the endosomes) at a slower rate than MDTCS. Sensitivity analyses identified the association rate constant (kon) between MDTCS-Fc and FcRn as a potentially important factor influencing the plasma half-life in vivo. Discussion: Our analyses suggested that Fc fusion to MDTCS leads to changes in not only the FR but also the uptake into the endosomes, impacting the systemic plasma PK profiles. These findings may be used to develop recombinant protein therapeutics with extended circulation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heechun Kwak
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Discovery Unit, Research and Early Development Department, GC Biopharma Corp, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyong Kim
- Discovery Unit, Research and Early Development Department, GC Biopharma Corp, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasunori Aoki
- Laboratory of Quantitative System Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Josai International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Nam
- Discovery Unit, Research and Early Development Department, GC Biopharma Corp, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Hannan F, Hamilton J, Patriquin CJ, Pavenski K, Jurkiewicz MT, Tristao L, Owen AM, Kosalka PK, Deoni SCL, Théberge J, Mandzia J, Huang SHS, Thiessen JD. Cognitive decline in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura survivors: The role of white matter health as assessed by MRI. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1005-1016. [PMID: 38083818 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare condition caused by severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, leading to platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Despite treatment, patients are prone to cognitive impairment and depression. We investigated brain changes in iTTP patients during remission using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, correlating these changes with mood and neurocognitive tests. Twenty iTTP patients in remission (30 days post-haematological remission) were compared with six healthy controls. MRI scans, including standard and specialized sequences, were conducted to assess white matter health. Increased T1 relaxation times were found in the cingulate cortex (p < 0.05), and elevated T2 relaxation times were observed in the cingulate cortex, frontal, parietal and temporal lobes (p < 0.05). Pathological changes in these areas are correlated with impaired cognitive and depressive scores in concentration, short-term memory and verbal memory. This study highlights persistent white matter damage in iTTP patients, potentially contributing to depression and cognitive impairment. Key regions affected include the frontal lobe and cingulate cortex. These findings have significant implications for the acute and long-term management of iTTP, suggesting a need for re-evaluation of treatment approaches during both active phases and remission. Further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of these complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hannan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - J Hamilton
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - C J Patriquin
- Department of Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Pavenski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - M T Jurkiewicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - L Tristao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - A M Owen
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - P K Kosalka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - S C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - J Théberge
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - J Mandzia
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Canada
| | - S H S Huang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - J D Thiessen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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17
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Madarati H, Singh K, Sparring T, Andrisani P, Liaw PC, Fox-Robichaud AE, Kretz CA. REVIEWING THE DYSREGULATION OF ADAMTS13 AND VWF IN SEPSIS. Shock 2024; 61:189-196. [PMID: 38150358 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by excessive host response to infection, and represents the most common cause of in-hospital deaths. Sepsis accounts for 30% of all critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), and has a global mortality rate of 20%. Activation of blood coagulation during sepsis and septic shock can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation, which is characterized by microvascular thrombosis. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and ADAMTS13 are two important regulators of blood coagulation that may be important links between sepsis and mortality in the ICU. Herein we review our current understanding of VWF and ADAMTS13 in sepsis and other critical illnesses and discuss their contribution to disease pathophysiology, their use as markers of severe illness, and potential targets for new therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasam Madarati
- Department of Medicine and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Xu J, He J, Zhou YL, Weng Z, Li M, Wang ZX, He Y. Von Willebrand factor promotes radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) development and its cleavage enzyme rhADAMTS13 protects against RIII by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:1-12. [PMID: 37956910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients with abdominopelvic cancer undergoing radiotherapy commonly develop radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII); however, its underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. The von Willebrand factor (vWF)/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) axis has been implicated in thrombosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, its role in RIII remains unclear. In this study, the effect of radiation on vWF and ADAMTS13 expression was firstly evaluated in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy and C57BL/6J mice exposed to different doses of total abdominal irradiation. Then, mice with the specific deletion of vWF in the platelets and endothelium were established to demonstrate the contribution of vWF to RIII. Additionally, the radioprotective effect of recombinant human (rh) ADAMTS13 against RIII was assessed. Results showed that both the patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy and RIII mouse model exhibited increased vWF levels and decreased ADAMTS13 levels. The knockout of platelet- and endothelium-derived vWF rectified the vWF/ADAMTS13 axis imbalance; improved intestinal structural damage; increased crypt epithelial cell proliferation; and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby alleviating RIII. Administration of rhADAMTS13 could equally alleviate RIII. Our results demonstrated that abdominal irradiation affected the balance of the vWF/ADAMTS13 axis. vWF exerted a deleterious role and ADAMTS13 exhibited a protective role in RIII progression. rhADAMTS13 has the potential to be developed into a radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhou
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhen Weng
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zhen-Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Yang He
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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19
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Tran MH, Mathur G, Barnhard S, Schwartz J. Historic and emerging trends in transfusion medicine: Maintaining relevance as a specialty. Transfusion 2023; 63:2341-2350. [PMID: 37921092 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Ha Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gagan Mathur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sarah Barnhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joseph Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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20
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Dimopoulos K, Tripodi A, Goetze JP. Laboratory investigation and diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:625-639. [PMID: 37452521 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2232039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and potentially fatal disease for which rapid diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes. Deficient activity (< 10%) of the liver enzyme, ADAMTS13, is the pathophysiological hallmark of TTP, and measurement of the enzyme activity can establish the diagnosis of TTP with high accuracy. Thus, along with the clinical history, appropriate laboratory assessment of a suspected case of TTP is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Here, we present a review of the available laboratory tests that can assist clinicians in establishing the diagnosis of TTP, with special focus on ADAMTS13 assays, including the measurement of the antigen and activity, and detection of autoantibodies to ADAMTS13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Armando Tripodi
- IRCCS Maggiore Hospital Foundation, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milano, Italy
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Zhang Q, Bignotti A, Yada N, Ye Z, Liu S, Han Z, Zheng XL. Dynamic Assessment of Plasma von Willebrand Factor and ADAMTS13 Predicts Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7174. [PMID: 38002786 PMCID: PMC10672082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) are significantly elevated in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, dynamic changes and prognostic value of this biomarker in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have not been determined. METHODS A total of 124 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were prospectively recruited for the study. Serial blood samples were obtained at the time of admission (D1), 3-4 days following standard-care treatments (D2), and 1-2 days prior to discharge or any time collected prior to death (D3). Plasma VWF antigen, ADAMTS13 antigen, and ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity, as well as the ratio of VWF/ADAMTS13 were determined, followed by various statistical analyses. RESULTS On admission, plasma levels of VWF in COVID-19 patients were significantly elevated compared with those in the healthy controls, but no statistical significance was detected among patients with different disease severity. Plasma ADAMTS13 activity but not its antigen levels were significantly lower in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 compared with that in other patient groups. Interestingly, the ratios of plasma VWF antigen to ADAMTS13 antigen were significantly higher in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 than in those with mild to moderate disease. More importantly, plasma levels of VWF and the ratios of VWF/ADAMTS13 were persistently elevated in patients with COVID-19 throughout hospitalization. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses demonstrated that an increased plasma level of VWF or ratio of VWF/ADAMTS13 at D2 and D3 was associated with an increased mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS Persistent endotheliopathy, marked by the elevated levels of plasma VWF or VWF/ADAMTS13 ratio, is present in all hospitalized patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is strongly associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Antonia Bignotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Noritaka Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Zhan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Szumam Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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22
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Scully M, Rayment R, Clark A, Westwood JP, Cranfield T, Gooding R, Bagot CN, Taylor A, Sankar V, Gale D, Dutt T, McIntyre J, Lester W. A British Society for Haematology Guideline: Diagnosis and management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and thrombotic microangiopathies. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:546-563. [PMID: 37586700 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear, up-to-date and practical guidance on the management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and related thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), including complement-mediated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (CM HUS); these are defined by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) and small vessel thrombosis. Within England, all TTP cases should be managed within designated regional centres as per NHSE commissioning for highly specialised services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scully
- Department of Haematology, UCLH and Haematology Programme, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, London, UK
| | - R Rayment
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Clark
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - T Cranfield
- Department of Haematology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - R Gooding
- Haematology Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast H&SC Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - C N Bagot
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - V Sankar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Dutt
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - W Lester
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Chrisentery-Singleton T, Boggio LN, Carcao MD, Ibrahimi S, Khan O, Mahajerin A, Rajasekhar A, Sharma V, Steele M, Torres M, Rodino FJ, Carpenter SL. Long-term follow-up of patients with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura receiving a plasma-derived factor VIII (Koate) that contains ADAMTS13. Haemophilia 2023; 29:1638-1645. [PMID: 37855744 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (hTTP) is an ultra-rare disorder resulting from an inherited deficiency of ADAMTS13, a von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving metalloprotease. The plasma-derived factor VIII/VWF Koate (FVIII/VWFKoate ) has been shown to contain ADAMTS13, allowing for its use to treat hTTP at home by the patient/caregiver. AIM Based on prior demonstration of safe and effective use of FVIII/VWFKoate in eight patients with hTTP, we conducted a retrospective study to gather additional data regarding the use of FVIII/VWFKoate for hTTP. METHODS This was a multicentre, retrospective, noninterventional chart review of patients who had received FVIII/VWFKoate for the management of hTTP. Data collected included demographics, medical history, relevant family history, past use and tolerability of fresh frozen plasma, and details regarding FVIII/VWFKoate therapy. RESULTS The cohort included 11 patients (seven males, four females) with hTTP, ranging in age at study entry from 2 to 28 years. The average duration of FVIII/VWFKoate therapy was 4.8 years (range, 0.5-6.5 years). Among nine patients using FVIII/VWFKoate as prophylaxis, the normalized annual rate of breakthrough TTP episodes ranged from 0.2 to 1.1 episodes/year. All nine patients who received FVIII/VWFKoate prophylaxis had thrombocytopenia recorded at baseline, while eight (88.9%) did not have thrombocytopenia after using FVIII/VWFKoate . There was one AE (unspecified) attributed to FVIII/VWFKoate . CONCLUSION These data suggest that FVIII/VWFKoate is a safe and well-tolerated source of the missing ADAMTS13 enzyme in patients with hTTP, producing a marked reduction in thrombocytopenia prevalence, low frequency of TTP episodes, and with the added benefit of self- or caregiver-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa N Boggio
- Rush Hemophilia & Thrombophilia Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Manuel D Carcao
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sami Ibrahimi
- OUHSC/Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Osman Khan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Arash Mahajerin
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Anita Rajasekhar
- University of Florida - Shands Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vivek Sharma
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Marcela Torres
- Department of Hematology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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24
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Nusrat S, Beg K, Khan O, Sinha A, George J. Hereditary Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1956. [PMID: 37895305 PMCID: PMC10606562 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (hTTP), also known as Upshaw-Schulman syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene that leads to decreased or absent production of the plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving metalloprotease ADAMTS13. The result is circulating ultra-large multimers of VWF that can cause microthrombi, intravascular occlusion and organ damage, especially at times of turbulent circulation. Patients with hTTP may have many overt or clinically silent manifestations, and a high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. For the treatment of hTTP, the goal is simply replacement of ADAMTS13. The primary treatment is prophylaxis with plasma infusions or plasma-derived factor VIII products, providing sufficient ADAMTS13 to prevent acute episodes. When acute episodes occur, prophylaxis is intensified. Recombinant ADAMTS13, which is near to approval, will immediately be the most effective and also the most convenient treatment. In this review, we discuss the possible clinical manifestations of this rare disease and the relevant differential diagnoses in different age groups. An extensive discussion on prophylaxis and treatment strategies is also presented. Unique real patient cases have been added to highlight critical aspects of hTTP manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanober Nusrat
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kisha Beg
- Jimmy Everest Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Osman Khan
- Jimmy Everest Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Arpan Sinha
- Jimmy Everest Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - James George
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Assiri M, AlMalki A, AlHunif B, AlMofareh M. Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Thrombocytopenia and Anemia. Cureus 2023; 15:e44988. [PMID: 37822445 PMCID: PMC10564377 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is a rare autosomal recessive microangiopathic disorder caused by inherited mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene. cTTP treatment involves infusing ADAMTS13-rich blood products like fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to replenish levels and prevent disease relapses. Alternative therapies like recombinant ADAMTS13, plasma-derived Factor VIII, or caplacizumab may be used for patients unable to tolerate FFP. We present a case of a five-month-old girl who had recurrent episodes of anemia and thrombocytopenia. She was diagnosed with cTTP based on the presence of low ADAMTS13 activity and the identification of a homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the ADAMTS13 gene. After receiving regular transfusions of FFP, our patient improved significantly and has been asymptomatic for 18 months with no transfusion complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Assiri
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Abha, SAU
| | - Asmaa AlMalki
- Pediatric Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Abha, SAU
| | - Bayan AlHunif
- Pediatric Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Abha, SAU
| | - Maha AlMofareh
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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26
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Singh K, Madarati H, Sohrabipour S, Sparring T, Teney C, Kretz CA. Metalloprotease domain latency protects ADAMTS13 against broad-spectrum inhibitors of metalloproteases while maintaining activity toward VWF. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1789-1801. [PMID: 36990157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAMTS13 is a circulating metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) in a shear-dependent manner. ADAMTS13 is secreted as an active protease but has a long half-life, suggesting that it is resistant to circulating protease inhibitors. These zymogen-like properties indicate that ADAMTS13 exists as a latent protease that is activated by its substrate. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism of ADAMTS13 latency and resistance to metalloprotease inhibitors. METHODS Probe the active site of ADAMTS13 and variants using alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs), and Marimastat. RESULTS ADAMTS13 and C-terminal deletion mutants are not inhibited by A2M, TIMPs, or Marimastat, but cleave FRETS-VWF73, suggesting that the metalloprotease domain is latent in the absence of substrate. Within the metalloprotease domain, mutating the gatekeeper triad (R193, D217, D252) or substituting the calcium-binding (R180-R193) or the variable (G236-S263) loops with corresponding features from ADAMTS5 did not sensitize MDTCS to inhibition. However, substituting the calcium-binding loop and an extended variable loop (G236-S263) corresponding to the S1-S1' pockets with those from ADAMTS5, resulted in MDTCS-GVC5 inhibition by Marimastat, but not by A2M or TIMP3. Substituting the MD domains of ADAMTS5 into full-length ADAMTS13 resulted in a 50-fold reduction in activity compared with the substitution into MDTCS. However, both chimeras were susceptible to inhibition, suggesting that the closed conformation does not contribute to the latency of the metalloprotease domain. CONCLUSION The metalloprotease domain protects ADAMTS13 from inhibitors and exists in a latent state that is partially maintained by loops flanking the S1 and S1' specificity pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Singh
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hasam Madarati
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahar Sohrabipour
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Sparring
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cherie Teney
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin A Kretz
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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27
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Li J, Zhang Y, Kong D, Su J, Wei Y, Liu X, Lu S, Wang J, Huang F. Association between N-acetylcysteine treatment and in-hospital mortality in adult patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a cohort study. Ann Hematol 2023:10.1007/s00277-023-05295-2. [PMID: 37311880 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) is a fatal hematologic disease. Despite the currently high standards of care, some patients who develop refractory or recurrent disease still have a poor prognosis. Although N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is recommended for the treatment of aTTP, its use in aTTP treatment is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association of NAC with mortality in patients with aTTP. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with aTTP with in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome and time to platelet recovery and neurological recovery as secondary outcomes. We used multifactorial COX regression analysis to check for an association of NAC with mortality. Moreover, we performed a sensitivity analysis check the stability of our results. Finally, 89 patients with aTTP were enrolled. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found NAC to be associated with 75% lower in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.1-0.64). The results of sensitivity analyses performed remained stable as the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients reduced in patients with comorbid neurological symptoms (HR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.06-0.89). However, NAC use did not affect the time to platelet recovery (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.57-2.5) or neurological recovery (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.08-1.25) in patients with aTTP. NAC treatment reduces in-hospital mortality in patients with aTTP but does not shorten the time to platelet recovery or neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Danqing Kong
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, JiangSu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Underwood MI, Alwan F, Thomas MR, Scully MA, Crawley JTB. Autoantibodies enhance ADAMTS-13 clearance in patients with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1544-1552. [PMID: 36813118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe deficiency in ADAMTS-13 (<10%) and the loss of von Willebrand factor-cleaving function can precipitate microvascular thrombosis associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Patients with immune-mediated TTP (iTTP) have anti-ADAMTS-13 immunoglobulin G antibodies that inhibit ADAMTS-13 function and/or increase ADAMTS-13 clearance. Patients with iTTP are treated primarily by plasma exchange (PEX), often in combination with adjunct therapies that target either the von Willebrand factor-dependent microvascular thrombotic processes (caplacizumab) or the autoimmune components (steroids or rituximab) of the disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contributions of autoantibody-mediated ADAMTS-13 clearance and inhibition in patients with iTTP at presentation and through the course of the PEX therapy. PATIENTS/METHODS Anti-ADAMTS-13 immunoglobulin G antibodies, ADAMTS-13 antigen, and activity were measured before and after each PEX in 17 patients with iTTP and 20 acute TTP episodes. RESULTS At presentation, 14 out of 15 patients with iTTP had ADAMTS-13 antigen levels of <10%, suggesting a major contribution of ADAMTS-13 clearance to the deficiency state. After the first PEX, both ADAMTS-13 antigen and activity levels increased similarly, and the anti-ADAMTS-13 autoantibody titer decreased in all patients, revealing ADAMTS-13 inhibition to be a modest modifier of the ADAMTS-13 function in iTTP. Analysis of ADAMTS-13 antigen levels between consecutive PEX treatments revealed that the rate of ADAMTS-13 clearance in 9 out of 14 patients analyzed was 4- to 10-fold faster than the estimated normal rate of clearance. CONCLUSION These data reveal, both at presentation and during PEX treatment, that antibody-mediated clearance of ADAMTS-13 is the major pathogenic mechanism that causes ADAMTS-13 deficiency in iTTP. Understanding the kinetics of ADAMTS-13 clearance in iTTP may now enable further optimization of treatment of patients with iTTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary I Underwood
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ferras Alwan
- Haemophilia Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom; University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - James T B Crawley
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Sakai K, Matsumoto M. Clinical Manifestations, Current and Future Therapy, and Long-Term Outcomes in Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3365. [PMID: 37240470 PMCID: PMC10219024 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is an extremely rare disease characterized by the severe deficiency of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 13 (ADAMTS13), caused by ADAMTS13 mutations. While ADAMTS13 supplementation by fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusion immediately corrects platelet consumption and resolves thrombotic symptoms in acute episodes, FFP treatment can lead to intolerant allergic reactions and frequent hospital visits. Up to 70% of patients depend on regular FFP infusions to normalize their platelet counts and avoid systemic symptoms, including headache, fatigue, and weakness. The remaining patients do not receive regular FFP infusions, mainly because their platelet counts are maintained within the normal range or because they are symptom-free without FFP infusions. However, the target peak and trough levels of ADAMTS13 to prevent long-term comorbidity with prophylactic FFP and the necessity of treating FFP-independent patients in terms of long-term clinical outcomes are yet to be determined. Our recent study suggests that the current volumes of FFP infusions are insufficient to prevent frequent thrombotic events and long-term ischemic organ damage. This review focuses on the current management of cTTP and its associated issues, followed by the importance of upcoming recombinant ADAMTS13 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sakai
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
- Department of Hematology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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Lancellotti S, Sacco M, Tardugno M, Ferretti A, De Cristofaro R. Immune and Hereditary Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Can ADAMTS13 Deficiency Alone Explain the Different Clinical Phenotypes? J Clin Med 2023; 12:3111. [PMID: 37176552 PMCID: PMC10179526 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by a hereditary or immune-mediated deficiency of the enzyme ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). TTPs are caused by the following pathophysiological mechanisms: (1) the presence of inhibitory autoantibodies against ADAMTS13; and (2) hereditary mutations of the ADAMTS13 gene, which is present on chromosome 9. In both syndromes, TTP results from a severe deficiency of ADAMTS13, which is responsible for the impaired proteolytic processing of high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor (HMW-VWF) multimers, which avidly interact with platelets and subendothelial collagen and promote tissue and multiorgan ischemia. Although the acute presentation of the occurring symptoms in acquired and hereditary TTPs is similar (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and variable ischemic end-organ injury), their intensity, incidence, and precipitating factors are different, although, in both forms, a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency characterizes their physiopathology. This review is aimed at exploring the possible factors responsible for the different clinical and pathological features occurring in hereditary and immune-mediated TTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lancellotti
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Monica Sacco
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia “Agostino Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Maira Tardugno
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia “Agostino Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonietta Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia “Agostino Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Raimondo De Cristofaro
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia “Agostino Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.S.); (M.T.)
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Frontiers in pathophysiology and management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:331-340. [PMID: 36757521 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a fatal disease in which platelet-rich microthrombi cause end-organ ischemia and damage. TTP is caused by markedly reduced ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) activity. Hereditary or congenital TTP (cTTP) is caused by ADAMTS13 gene mutations. In acquired or immune TTP (iTTP), ADAMTS13 activity is reduced by anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. TTP is characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, fever, renal dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and immunosuppressive therapy are the mainstays of treatment. As untreated TTP has a high mortality rate, immediate initiation of TPE is recommended when TTP is suspected. Conventionally, corticosteroids have been used for immunosuppressive therapy. Current drug therapies include rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody that is effective in newly diagnosed cases and refractory cases, as well as for relapse prevention, and caplacizumab, an anti- von Willebrand factor (VWF) nanobody that inhibits the binding of platelets to VWF and prevents microthrombi formation. Recombinant human ADAMTS13 is a promising treatment for cTTP. Although these therapeutic advances have improved the outcomes of TTP, early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy are necessary to achieve these outcomes.
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Treatment with recombinant ADAMTS13, alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced pathologies in a mouse model of human sickle cell disease. JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS : JTH 2023; 21:269-275. [PMID: 36700507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorder with a causative substitution in the beta-globin gene that encodes beta-globin in hemoglobin. Furthermore, the ensuing vasculopathy in the microvasculature involves heightened endothelial cell adhesion, inflammation, and coagulopathy, all of which contribute to vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and the sequelae of SCD. In particular, dysregulation of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) axis has been implicated in human SCD pathology. OBJECTIVES To investigate the beneficial potential of treatment with recombinant ADAMTS13 (rADAMTS13) to alleviate VOC. METHODS Pharmacologic treatment with rADAMTS13 in vitro or in vivo was performed in a humanized mouse model of SCD that was exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation stress as a model of VOC. Then, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and behavioral analyses were performed. RESULTS Administration of rADAMTS13 to SCD mice dose-dependently increased plasma ADAMTS13 activity, reduced VWF activity/antigen ratios, and reduced baseline hemolysis (free hemoglobin and total bilirubin) within 24 hours. rADAMTS13 was administered in SCD mice, followed by hypoxia/reoxygenation stress, and reduced VWF activity/antigen ratios in parallel to significantly (p < .01) improved recovery during the reoxygenation phase. Consistent with the results in SCD mice, we demonstrate in a human in vitro system that treatment with rADAMTS13 counteracts the inhibitory activity of hemoglobin on the VWF/ADAMTS13-axis. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data provide evidence that relative ADAMTS13 insufficiency in SCD mice is corrected by pharmacologic treatment with rADAMTS13 and provides an effective disease-modifying approach in a human SCD mouse model.
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33
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[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-a differential diagnostic challenge in an emergency]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2023; 118:301-308. [PMID: 36598518 PMCID: PMC10160152 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-022-00982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which comprises thrombocytopenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, and anemia in the combination of organ involvement, is a rare but life-threatening condition associated with an extremely high lethality in the acute phase if left untreated. Using the example of a 49-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with unexplained abdominal symptoms and subfebrile temperatures, recommendations for the emergency situation are presented. Increased awareness of the disease and targeted further diagnostics with determination of the PLASMIC score or ADAMTS13 activity may lead directly to diagnosis of TTP; delayed diagnosis is usually associated with secondary complications.
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34
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Differentiating and Managing Rare Thrombotic Microangiopathies During Pregnancy and Postpartum. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 141:85-108. [PMID: 36455925 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The most common thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) of pregnancy is the well-recognized syndrome of preeclampsia with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. However, rare TMAs, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, complement-mediated hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, may occur during pregnancy or postpartum and present with features similar to those of preeclampsia with severe features. Early recognition and treatment of these infrequently encountered conditions are key for avoiding serious maternal morbidities with long-term sequelae and possible maternal or fetal death. Differentiating between preeclampsia with severe features and these rare TMAs is diagnostically challenging as there is significant overlap in their clinical and laboratory presentation. Given the rarity of these TMAs, high-quality evidence-based recommendations on diagnosis and management during pregnancy are lacking. Using current objective information and recommendations from working groups, this report provides practical clinical approaches to diagnose and manage these rare TMAs. This report also discusses how to manage individuals with a history of these rare TMAs who are planning to conceive. To optimize favorable outcomes, a multidisciplinary approach including obstetricians, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, hematologists, and nephrologists alongside close clinical and laboratory monitoring is vital.
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35
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Stubbs MJ, Kendall G, Scully M. Recombinant ADAMTS13 in Severe Neonatal Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:2391-2392. [PMID: 36546635 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2210781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giles Kendall
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Scully
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Asmis LM, Serra A, Krafft A, Licht A, Leisinger E, Henschkowski-Serra J, Ganter MT, Hauptmann S, Tinguely M, Kremer Hovinga JA. Recombinant ADAMTS13 for Hereditary Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:2356-2361. [PMID: 36546627 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2211113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A 27-year-old patient with a history of severe obstetrical complications and arterial thrombosis received a diagnosis of hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) due to severe ADAMTS13 deficiency when she presented with an acute episode in the 30th week of her second pregnancy. When the acute episode of hereditary TTP became plasma-refractory and fetal death was imminent, weekly injections of recombinant ADAMTS13 at a dose of 40 U per kilogram of body weight were initiated. The patient's platelet count normalized, and the growth of the fetus stabilized. At 37 weeks 1 day of gestation, a small-for-gestational-age boy was delivered by cesarean section. At the time of this report, the patient and her son were well, and she continued to receive injections of recombinant ADAMTS13 every 2 weeks. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M Asmis
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Andreas Serra
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Alexander Krafft
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Abraham Licht
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Elke Leisinger
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Jana Henschkowski-Serra
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Michael T Ganter
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Steffen Hauptmann
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Marianne Tinguely
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Johanna A Kremer Hovinga
- From Zentrum für Perioperative Thrombose und Hämostase (L.M.A.), Nephrology and Dialysis (A.S., J.H.-S.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.), Emergency Center (A.L.), and Institute for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (E.L., M.T.G.), Hirslanden Clinic (L.M.A.), the Institute of Pathology Enge and Muensterlingen (S.H., M.T.), and the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich (L.M.A., A.S., A.K., A.L., M.T.G., M.T.), Zurich, and the Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern (J.A.K.H.) - all in Switzerland
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DeYoung V, Singh K, Kretz CA. Mechanisms of ADAMTS13 regulation. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2722-2732. [PMID: 36074019 PMCID: PMC9826392 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant ADAMTS13 is currently undergoing clinical trials as a treatment for hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a lethal microvascular condition resulting from ADAMTS13 deficiency. Preclinical studies have also demonstrated its efficacy in treating arterial thrombosis and inflammation without causing bleeding, suggesting that recombinant ADAMTS13 may have broad applicability as an antithrombotic agent. Despite this progress, we currently do not understand the mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS13 activity in vivo. ADAMTS13 evades canonical means of protease regulation because it is secreted as an active enzyme and has a long half-life in circulation, suggesting that it is not inhibited by natural protease inhibitors. Although shear can spatially and temporally activate von Willebrand factor to capture circulating platelets, it is also required for cleavage by ADAMTS13. Therefore, spatial and temporal regulation of ADAMTS13 activity may be required to stabilize von Willebrand factor-platelet strings at sites of vascular injury. This review outlines potential mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS13 in vivo including shear-dependency, local inactivation, and biochemical and structural regulation of substrate binding. Recently published structural data of ADAMTS13 is discussed, which may help to generate novel hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica DeYoung
- Department of Medicine, McMaster UniversityThrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kanwal Singh
- Department of Medicine, McMaster UniversityThrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Colin A. Kretz
- Department of Medicine, McMaster UniversityThrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
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38
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George JN. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: From 1972 to 2022 and Beyond. Semin Thromb Hemost 2022; 48:926-936. [PMID: 35793688 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This review tells the story of my personal experience with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). It begins with my first encounter with TTP 50 years ago when 2 sisters presented 2 years apart, both pregnant and both died. At that time, I knew nothing about hereditary TTP (hTTP), the risks of pregnancy, or effective treatments. In 1991, a year after I moved to Oklahoma, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was established as an effective treatment. With the availability of effective treatment, the number of patients presenting with suspected TTP soared. The diagnosis of TTP was imprecise. I worked with the Oklahoma Blood Institute (OBI) to understand the management of TTP. Because the OBI provided all TPE procedures for most of Oklahoma, we saw all consecutive patients within a defined geographic area who were identified at a uniform time early in the course of their TTP, without selection or referral bias. It was an inception cohort; this became the Oklahoma TTP Registry. In 2001, we began a very successful collaboration with the University of Bern, Switzerland, to measure ADAMTS13 activity in all of our patients. From our patients, we learned that acquired, autoimmune TTP (iTTP) is a chronic disease with risks for cognitive impairment and depression. Recognition in 2012 of three sisters with hTTP was reminiscent of the beginning of my story. hTTP has risks for multiple severe morbidities, beginning at birth and especially during pregnancy. Future management of both iTTP and hTTP will be more effective and more convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N George
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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39
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Markham-Lee Z, Morgan NV, Emsley J. Inherited ADAMTS13 mutations associated with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: a short review and update. Platelets 2022; 34:2138306. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2138306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Markham-Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK and
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil V. Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonas Emsley
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK and
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40
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Hu W, Lee SML, Bazhin AV, Guba M, Werner J, Nieß H. Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2191-2210. [PMID: 36050539 PMCID: PMC9436160 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was initially discovered as a novel immune response against pathogens. Recent studies have also suggested that NETs play an important role in tumor progression. This review summarizes the cellular mechanisms by which NETs promote distant metastasis and discusses the possible clinical applications targeting NETs. Method The relevant literature from PubMed and Google Scholar (2001–2021) have been reviewed for this article. Results The presence of NETs has been detected in various primary tumors and metastatic sites. NET-associated interactions have been observed throughout the different stages of metastasis, including initial tumor cell detachment, intravasation and extravasation, the survival of circulating tumor cells, the settlement and the growth of metastatic tumor cells. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proved that inhibiting NET formation resulted in anti-cancer effects. The biosafety and efficacy of some NET inhibitors have also been demonstrated in early phase clinical trials. Conclusions Considering the role of NETs in tumor progression, NETs could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer management. However, current evidence is mostly derived from experimental models and as such more clinical studies are still needed to verify the clinical significance of NETs in oncological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Hu
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Serene M L Lee
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanno Nieß
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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41
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Borogovac A, Tarasco E, Kremer Hovinga JA, Friedman KD, Asch AS, Vesely SK, Prodan CI, Terrell DR, George JN. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and stroke in patients with hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2022; 140:785-789. [PMID: 35584244 PMCID: PMC9389633 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, Borogovac et al emphasized the burden of stroke and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (hTTP) based on an analysis of the International hTTP Registry. Given the rarity of hTTP, patient numbers were small; nevertheless, the prevalence of stroke reached 100% in patients over the age of 50. Nearly all patients also had evidence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. These data confirm the need to diagnose hTTP as early as possible and support the use of prophylaxis to prevent future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Borogovac
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Erika Tarasco
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna A Kremer Hovinga
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth D Friedman
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Adam S Asch
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Calin I Prodan
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Deirdra R Terrell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - James N George
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, Oklahoma City, OK; and
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Sounding the alarm for prophylaxis in hTTP. Blood 2022; 140:671-672. [PMID: 35980682 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mingot Castellano ME, Pascual Izquierdo C, González A, Viejo Llorente A, Valcarcel Ferreiras D, Sebastián E, García Candel F, Sarmiento Palao H, Gómez Seguí I, de la Rubia J, Cid J, Martínez Nieto J, Hernández Mateo L, Goterris Viciedo R, Fidalgo T, Salinas R, Del Rio-Garma J. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 158:630.e1-630.e14. [PMID: 34266669 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by the development of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and ischaemic organ dysfunction associated with ADAMTS13 levels lower than 10% in most cases. Recently there have been numerous advances in the field of PTT, new, rapid and accessible techniques capable of quantifying ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors. The massive sequencing systems facilitate the identification of polymorphisms in the ADAMTS13 gene. In addition, new drugs such as caplacizumab have appeared and relapse prevention strategies are being proposed with the use of rituximab. The existence of TTP patient registries allow a deeper understanding of this disease but the great variability in the diagnosis and treatment makes it necessary to elaborate guidelines that homogenize terminology and clinical practice. The recommendations set out in this document were prepared following the AGREE methodology. The research questions were formulated according to the PICO format. A search of the literature published during the last 10 years was carried out. The recommendations were established by consensus among the entire group, specifying the existing strengths and limitations according to the level of evidence obtained. In conclusion, this document contains recommendations on the management, diagnosis, and treatment of TTP with the ultimate objective of developing guidelines based on the evidence published to date that allow healthcare professionals to optimize TTP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ataulfo González
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario de San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Aurora Viejo Llorente
- Servicio de Hematología, Área de Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - David Valcarcel Ferreiras
- Unidad de Hematología Intensiva y Terapia Celular, Departamento de Hematología, Instituto de Oncología Vall d'Hebron (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Elena Sebastián
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - Faustino García Candel
- Sección de Hemostasia y Trombosis, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | | | - Inés Gómez Seguí
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Javier de la Rubia
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Joan Cid
- Unidad de Aféresis y Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hemoterapia y Hemostasia, Institut Clínic de Malalties Hematològiques i Oncològiques (ICMHO). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Jorge Martínez Nieto
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemostasia, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdissC), Madrid, España
| | - Luis Hernández Mateo
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital General de Alicante, Valencia, España
| | - Rosa Goterris Viciedo
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico Valencia. INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Teresa Fidalgo
- Departamento de Hematología Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ramon Salinas
- Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya, Barcelona, España
| | - Julio Del Rio-Garma
- Servicio de Transfusión. Servicio de Hematología. Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Galicia, España.
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Roh JD, Kitchen RR, Guseh JS, McNeill JN, Aid M, Martinot AJ, Yu A, Platt C, Rhee J, Weber B, Trager LE, Hastings MH, Ducat S, Xia P, Castro C, Singh A, Atlason B, Churchill TW, Di Carli MF, Ellinor PT, Barouch DH, Ho JE, Rosenzweig A. Plasma Proteomics of COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: Implications for Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:425-441. [PMID: 35530264 PMCID: PMC9067411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To gain insights into the mechanisms driving cardiovascular complications in COVID-19, we performed a case-control plasma proteomics study in COVID-19 patients. Our results identify the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, a marker of biological aging, as the dominant process associated with disease severity and cardiac involvement. FSTL3, an indicator of senescence-promoting Activin/TGFβ signaling, and ADAMTS13, the von Willebrand Factor-cleaving protease whose loss-of-function causes microvascular thrombosis, were among the proteins most strongly associated with myocardial stress and injury. Findings were validated in a larger COVID-19 patient cohort and the hamster COVID-19 model, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of COVID-19 cardiovascular complications with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Roh
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert R. Kitchen
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. Sawalla Guseh
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenna N. McNeill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andy Yu
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colin Platt
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Rhee
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lena E. Trager
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret H. Hastings
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Ducat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peng Xia
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire Castro
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abhilasha Singh
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bjarni Atlason
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy W. Churchill
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelo F. Di Carli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cardesa‐Salzmann TM, Stephan B, Simon A, Furtwängler R, Schöndorf D, Heine S, Torfah E, Lux M, Meyer S, Graf N. Immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a Jehovah’s Witness – Effectiveness of incorporating extracorporeal immunoadsorption to caplacizumab, steroids and rituximab. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05902. [PMID: 35600013 PMCID: PMC9122792 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a Jehovah's Witness adolescent patient with immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after SARS‐Cov2 infection successfully treated without therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) using caplacizumab, corticosteroids, rituximab, and extracorporeal immunoadsorption (EIA). Further patients for whom TPE is not an option might benefit from this approach. Our experience in this case suggests that caplacizumab together with corticosteroids, rituximab, and EIA may be an effective treatment option for further patients with i‐TTP who are unable to undergo TPE. EIA is as a treatment in place of TPE contributing to a very rapid removal of autoantibodies against ADAMTS‐13.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Stephan
- Department of Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Arne Simon
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Rhoikos Furtwängler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Dominik Schöndorf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Sabine Heine
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Eyad Torfah
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Margaux Lux
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Sonja Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg Germany
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Bae SH, Kim SH, Bang SM. Recent advances in the management of immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood Res 2022; 57:37-43. [PMID: 35483924 PMCID: PMC9057674 DOI: 10.5045/br.2022.2022005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a potentially life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy caused by autoantibody-mediated severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. TTP should be suspected in patients with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia without a definite cause. Early detection of iTTP and prompt treatment with plasma exchange and corticosteroids are essential. Rituximab administration should be considered for refractory or relapsed iTTP, and can be used as a first-line adjuvant or preemptive therapy. Treatment with caplacizumab, a novel anti-von Willebrand factor nanobody, resulted in a faster time to platelet count response, significant reduction in iTTP-related deaths, and reduced incidence of refractory iTTP. TTP survivors showed a higher rate of chronic morbidities, including cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive impairment, which can lead to a poor quality of life and higher mortality rate. Meticulous long-term follow-up of TTP survivors is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo-Mee Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Abou‐Ismail MY, Kapoor S, Citla Sridhar D, Nayak L, Ahuja S. Thrombotic microangiopathies: An illustrated review. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12708. [PMID: 35615754 PMCID: PMC9027164 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are a heterogenous group of disorders with distinct pathophysiologies that cause occlusive microvascular or macrovascular thrombosis, and are characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or end-organ ischemia. TMAs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and data on the management of certain TMAs are often lacking. The nomenclature, classification, and management of various TMAs is constantly evolving as we learn more about these rare syndromes. Thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation is essential to distinguish various TMAs and arrive at an accurate diagnosis, which is key for appropriate management. In this illustrated review, we focus on thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome, hematopoietic cell transplant-associated TMA, and drug-induced TMA, and describe their incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. We also highlight emerging complement-directed therapies under investigation for the management of complement-mediated TMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Yazan Abou‐Ismail
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Sargam Kapoor
- Department of Hematology & Oncology Alaska Native Medical Center Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Divyaswathi Citla Sridhar
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Lalitha Nayak
- Department of Hematology & Oncology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Sanjay Ahuja
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Cleveland Ohio USA
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48
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Karsenty CL, Kirk SE, Helber HL, Esquilin JM, Despotovic JM, Grimes AB. Molecular Diagnosis Is Vital to the Accurate Classification and Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836960. [PMID: 35479064 PMCID: PMC9038040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening hematologic disease, presenting a myriad of diagnostic and management challenges in children. Here, we provide a review of this disorder and discuss 2 exemplary cases of TTP occurring in adolescents, emphasizing the need for consideration of late-onset congenital TTP (cTTP). We demonstrate the importance of early confirmation of ADAMTS13 enzyme deficiency and the presence or absence of ADAMTS13 inhibitor in order to rapidly initiate the appropriate life-saving therapies. Ultimately, molecular testing is paramount to distinguishing between congenital and acquired immune-mediated TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile L. Karsenty
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Cecile L. Karsenty,
| | - Susan E. Kirk
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hannah L. Helber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jose M. Esquilin
- Methodist Children’s Hospital, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Methodist Physicians Pediatric Specialists of Texas, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jenny M. Despotovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amanda B. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Alshehri MA. Cardioprotective properties of Artemisia herba alba nanoparticles against heart attack in rats: A study of the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2336-2347. [PMID: 35531258 PMCID: PMC9072917 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, pharmaceutical scientists' interest has increased to find novel pharmaceutical natural substances with potent antioxidant capacity and very low side effects to be used safely in preventive medicine. One of the most common types of diseases with a large spread globally is cardiovascular diseases, which cause a high rate of deaths annually. The present study evaluated the use of Artemisia herba alba leaves' extract (AHALE) and AHALE zinc oxide nanoparticles (AHALE-ZnONPs) against isoproterenol (ISO) inducing myocardial infarction (MI) in male rats. Several groups of Wistar male rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were pretreated with several doses of AHALE or AHALE-ZnONPs for one month followed by exposure to ISO for two days. After treatment, samples of the rats' heart tissues and blood were collected for several molecular biological and biochemical analyses. Heart enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation compounds, lipid markers, activities, ROS generation, apoptosis, DNA damage and expression of lipid metabolism genes were analyzed in rats pretreated with AHALE or AHALE-ZnONPs followed by exposure to ISO. The results showed an increase in the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, CK, CK-MB, and cTnT (heart markers), elevation in TG, TC, and LDL levels (lipid profile markers), levels of TBARS and LOOH (lipid peroxidation products), ROS generation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and upregulation of PPAR-α, ADD1, FASN, and ACC genes in animals exposed to ISO in comparison with the control animals. Moreover, a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities, including GPx, GRx, and GST, was observed in animals exposed to ISO in comparison with control rats. In male rats pretreated with AHALE or AHALE-ZnONPs followed by exposure to ISO, the oxidative stress induced by ISO was prevented. The results suggest that Artemisia extract could be considered for use as one of the natural compounds for prevention of atherosclerosis and heart diseases due to its high antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. The reduced oxidative stress of Artemisia extract may be a result of the existence of flavonoids and phenolic substances.
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Singh AK, Malviya R. Coagulation and inflammation in cancer: Limitations and prospects for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188727. [PMID: 35378243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which target specific molecular processes of tumour growth, has had a transformative effect on cancer treatment. Widespread use of antibody-based medicines to inhibit tumour cell immune evasion by modulating T cell responses is becoming more common. Despite this, response rates are still low, and secondary resistance is an issue that arises often. In addition, a wide range of serious adverse effects is triggered by enhancing the immunological response. As a result of an increased mortality rate, a higher prevalence of thrombotic complications is connected with an increased incidence of immunological reactions, complement activation, and skin toxicity. This suggests that the tumour microenvironment's interaction between coagulation and inflammation is important at every stage of the tumour's life cycle. The coagulation system's function in tumour formation is the topic of this review. By better understanding the molecular mechanisms in which tumour cells circulate, plasmatic coagulation and immune system cells are engaged, new therapy options for cancer sufferers may be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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