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Rohmann N, Stürmer P, Geisler C, Schlicht K, Knappe C, Hartmann K, Türk K, Hollstein T, Beckmann A, Seoudy AK, Becker U, Wietzke-Braun P, Settgast U, Tran F, Rosenstiel P, Beckmann JH, von Schönfels W, Seifert S, Heyckendorf J, Franke A, Schreiber S, Schulte DM, Laudes M. Effects of lifestyle and associated diseases on serum CC16 suggest complex interactions among metabolism, heart and lungs. J Adv Res 2024; 59:161-171. [PMID: 37330047 PMCID: PMC11081936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clara cell 16-kDa protein (CC16) is an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory secreted pulmonary protein with reduced serum concentrations in obesity according to recent data. OBJECTIVE Studies focused solely on bodyweight, which does not properly reflect obesity-associated implications of the metabolic and reno-cardio-vascular system. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine CC16 in a broad physiological context considering cardio-metabolic comorbidities of primary pulmonary diseases. METHODS CC16 was quantified in serum samples in a subset of the FoCus (N = 497) and two weight loss intervention cohorts (N = 99) using ELISA. Correlation and general linear regression analyses were applied to assess CC16 effects of lifestyle, gut microbiota, disease occurrence and treatment strategies. Importance and intercorrelation of determinants were validated using random forest algorithms. RESULTS CC16 A38G gene mutation, smoking and low microbial diversity significantly decreased CC16. Pre-menopausal female displayed lower CC16 compared to post-menopausal female and male participants. Biological age and uricosuric medications increased CC16 (all p < 0.01). Adjusted linear regression revealed CC16 lowering effects of high waist-to-hip ratio (est. -11.19 [-19.4; -2.97], p = 7.99 × 10-3), severe obesity (est. -2.58 [-4.33; -0.82], p = 4.14 × 10-3) and hypertension (est. -4.31 [-7.5; -1.12], p = 8.48 × 10-3). ACEi/ARB medication (p = 2.5 × 10-2) and chronic heart failure (est. 4.69 [1.37; 8.02], p = 5.91 × 10-3) presented increasing effects on CC16. Mild associations of CC16 were observed with blood pressure, HOMA-IR and NT-proBNP, but not manifest hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, diet quality and dietary weight loss intervention. CONCLUSION A role of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the regulation of CC16 and its modifiability by behavioral and pharmacological interventions is indicated. Alterations by ACEi/ARB and uricosurics could point towards regulatory axes comprising the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and purine metabolism. Findings altogether strengthen the importance of interactions among metabolism, heart and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rohmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paula Stürmer
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Knappe
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Hartmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Türk
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Hollstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexia Beckmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna K Seoudy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulla Becker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Perdita Wietzke-Braun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ute Settgast
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan H Beckmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Witigo von Schönfels
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Division of Pneumology, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik M Schulte
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Yehia D, Leung C, Sin DD. Clinical utilization of airway inflammatory biomarkers in the prediction and monitoring of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:409-421. [PMID: 38635513 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2344777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounts for 545 million people living with chronic respiratory disorders and is the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. COPD is a progressive disease, characterized by episodes of acute worsening of symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and sputum production. AREAS COVERED Airway inflammation is a prominent feature of COPD. Chronic airway inflammation results in airway structural remodeling and emphysema. Persistent airway inflammation is a treatable trait of COPD and plays a significant role in disease development and progression. In this review, the authors summarize the current and emerging biomarkers that reveal the heterogeneity of airway inflammation subtypes, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic response in COPD. EXPERT OPINION Airway inflammation can be broadly categorized as eosinophilic (type 2 inflammation) and non-eosinophilic (non-type 2 inflammation) in COPD. Currently, blood eosinophil counts are incorporated in clinical practice guidelines to identify COPD patients who are at a higher risk of exacerbations and lung function decline, and who are likely to respond to inhaled corticosteroids. As new therapeutics are being developed for the chronic management of COPD, it is essential to identify biomarkers that will predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Yehia
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clarus Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jiang M, Hu CJ, Rowe CL, Kang H, Gong X, Dagucon CP, Wang J, Lin Y, Sood A, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Alexis NE, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA, Yu X, Leng S. Application of artificial intelligence in quantifying lung deposition dose of black carbon in people with exposure to ambient combustion particles. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00607-0. [PMID: 37848612 PMCID: PMC11021374 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding lung deposition dose of black carbon is critical to fully reconcile epidemiological evidence of combustion particles induced health effects and inform the development of air quality metrics concerning black carbon. Macrophage carbon load (MaCL) is a novel cytology method that quantifies lung deposition dose of black carbon, however it has limited feasibility in large-scale epidemiological study due to the labor-intensive manual counting. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between MaCL and episodic elevation of combustion particles; to develop artificial intelligence based counting algorithm for MaCL assay. METHODS Sputum slides were collected during episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 (n = 49, daily PM2.5 > 10 µg/m3 for over 2 weeks due to wildfire smoke intrusion in summer and local wood burning in winter) and low PM2.5 period (n = 39, 30-day average PM2.5 < 4 µg/m3) from the Lovelace Smokers cohort. RESULTS Over 98% individual carbon particles in macrophages had diameter <1 µm. MaCL levels scored manually were highly responsive to episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 and also correlated with lung injury biomarker, plasma CC16. The association with CC16 became more robust when the assessment focused on macrophages with higher carbon load. A Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP) was developed based on the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network. MacLEAP algorithm yielded excellent correlations with manual counting for number and area of the particles. The algorithm produced associations with ambient PM2.5 and plasma CC16 that were nearly identical in magnitude to those obtained through manual counting. IMPACT STATEMENT Understanding lung black carbon deposition is crucial for comprehending health effects of combustion particles. We developed "Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP)", the first artificial intelligence algorithm for quantifying airway macrophage black carbon. Our study bolstered the algorithm with more training images and its first use in air pollution epidemiology. We revealed macrophage carbon load as a sensitive biomarker for heightened ambient combustion particles due to wildfires and residential wood burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chelin Jamie Hu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cassie L Rowe
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Jialiang Wang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Miners Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yiliang Zhu
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Blackburn JB, Li NF, Bartlett NW, Richmond BW. An update in club cell biology and its potential relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L652-L665. [PMID: 36942863 PMCID: PMC10110710 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00192.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Club cells are found in human small airways where they play an important role in immune defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and repair after injury. Over the past few years, data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies has generated new insights into club cell heterogeneity and function. In this review, we integrate findings from scRNA-seq experiments with earlier in vitro, in vivo, and microscopy studies and highlight the many ways club cells contribute to airway homeostasis. We then discuss evidence for loss of club cells or club cell products in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discuss potential mechanisms through which this might occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ngan Fung Li
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Shah VS, Hou J, Vinarsky V, Xu J, Surve MV, Lin CP, Rajagopal J. Autofluorescence imaging permits label-free cell type assignment and reveals the dynamic formation of airway secretory cell associated antigen passages (SAPs). eLife 2023; 12:e84375. [PMID: 36994985 PMCID: PMC10154029 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific functional properties of a tissue are distributed amongst its component cell types. The various cells act coherently, as an ensemble, in order to execute a physiologic response. Modern approaches for identifying and dissecting novel physiologic mechanisms would benefit from an ability to identify specific cell types in live tissues that could then be imaged in real time. Current techniques require the use of fluorescent genetic reporters that are not only cumbersome, but which only allow the study of three or four cell types at a time. We report a non-invasive imaging modality that capitalizes on the endogenous autofluorescence signatures of the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD. By marrying morphological characteristics with autofluorescence signatures, all seven of the airway epithelial cell types can be distinguished simultaneously in mouse tracheal explants in real time. Furthermore, we find that this methodology for direct cell type-specific identification avoids pitfalls associated with the use of ostensibly cell type-specific markers that are, in fact, altered by clinically relevant physiologic stimuli. Finally, we utilize this methodology to interrogate real-time physiology and identify dynamic secretory cell associated antigen passages (SAPs) that form in response to cholinergic stimulus. The identical process has been well documented in the intestine where the dynamic formation of SAPs and goblet cell associated antigen passages (GAPs) enable luminal antigen sampling. Airway secretory cells with SAPs are frequently juxtaposed to antigen presenting cells, suggesting that airway SAPs, like their intestinal counterparts, not only sample antigen but convey their cargo for immune cell processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral S Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Jue Hou
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Manalee V Surve
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
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Li X, Guerra S, Ledford JG, Kraft M, Li H, Hastie AT, Castro M, Denlinger LC, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaston B, Israel E, Jarjour NN, Levy BD, Mauger DT, Moore WC, Zein J, Kaminski N, Wenzel SE, Woodruff PG, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER. Low CC16 mRNA Expression Levels in Bronchial Epithelial Cells Are Associated with Asthma Severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:438-451. [PMID: 36066606 PMCID: PMC9940145 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1230oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: CC16 is a protein mainly produced by nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) that participates in host defense. Reduced CC16 protein concentrations in BAL and serum are associated with asthma susceptibility. Objectives: Few studies have investigated the relationship between CC16 and asthma progression, and none has focused on BECs. In this study, we sought to determine if CC16 mRNA expression levels in BECs are associated with asthma severity. Methods: Association analyses between CC16 mRNA expression levels in BECs (242 asthmatics and 69 control subjects) and asthma-related phenotypes in Severe Asthma Research Program were performed using a generalized linear model. Measurements and Main Results: Low CC16 mRNA expression levels in BECs were significantly associated with asthma susceptibility and asthma severity, high systemic corticosteroids use, high retrospective and prospective asthma exacerbations, and low pulmonary function. Low CC16 mRNA expression levels were significantly associated with high T2 inflammation biomarkers (fractional exhaled nitric oxide and sputum eosinophils). CC16 mRNA expression levels were negatively correlated with expression levels of Th2 genes (IL1RL1, POSTN, SERPINB2, CLCA1, NOS2, and MUC5AC) and positively correlated with expression levels of Th1 and inflammation genes (IL12A and MUC5B). A combination of two nontraditional T2 biomarkers (CC16 and IL-6) revealed four asthma endotypes with different characteristics of T2 inflammation, obesity, and asthma severity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that low CC16 mRNA expression levels in BECs are associated with asthma susceptibility, severity, and exacerbations, partially through immunomodulation of T2 inflammation. CC16 is a potential nontraditional T2 biomarker for asthma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingnan Li
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine, and
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine, and
| | - Annette T. Hastie
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Loren C. Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute and the Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John V. Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T. Mauger
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy C. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Joe Zein
- Lerner Research Institute and the Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Association of serum CC16 levels with eosinophilic inflammation and respiratory dysfunction in severe asthma. Respir Med 2023; 206:107089. [PMID: 36542961 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are knowledge gaps in the potential role of Club cell 16-kDa secretory protein (CC16) in severe asthma phenotypes and type 2 inflammation, as well as the longitudinal effect of CC16 on pulmonary function tests and exacerbation risk in epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To assess whether serum CC16 is associated with eosinophilic inflammation in patients with severe asthma. We also examined the effect of this protein on the annual decline in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the risk of exacerbation using a longitudinal approach. We recruited 127 patients with severe asthma from 30 hospitals/pulmonary clinics in Hokkaido, Japan. The least square means and standard error were calculated for T-helper 2 (Th2) biomarkers and pulmonary function test across CC16 tertiles at baseline. We did the same for asthma exacerbation and annual decline in FEV1 with 3 and 5 years' follow-up, respectively. RESULTS We found that serum CC16 was inversely associated with sputum eosinophils and blood periostin in a dose-response manner. Baseline CC16 and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio were positively associated in adjusted models (p for trend = 0.008). Patients with the lowest tertile of serum CC16 levels at baseline had a -14.3 mL decline in FEV1 than those with the highest tertile over 5 years of follow-up (p for trend = 0.031, fully adjusted model). We did not find any association of CC16 with exacerbation risk. CONCLUSION Patients with severe asthma with lower circulatory CC16 had enhanced eosinophilic inflammation with rapid FEV1 decline over time.
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Wang M, Tang K, Gao P, Lu Y, Wang S, Wu X, Zhao J, Xie J. Club cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) as a surrogate for identifying type 2 asthma phenotypes. J Asthma 2023; 60:203-211. [PMID: 35168451 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Club cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) is a documented biomarker for airway obstructive diseases. Primarily produced by nonciliated club cells in the distal airway and in nasal epithelial cells, CC10 suppresses Th2 cell differentiation and Th2 cytokine production. In this study, we aimed to determine whether CC10 can also be used as an alternative biomarker for identifying Type 2 (T2) asthma. 74 patients with asthma, and 24 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. T2-high asthma was defined as elevation in two or more biomarkers, such as sputum eosinophilia ≥ 3%, high blood eosinophils ≥ 300/µL, or high FeNO ≥ 30 ppb. T2-low asthma was defined as no elevation in biomarkers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the CC10 levels in plasma. The plasma CC10 level in patients with T2-high asthma was lower than that of patients with T2-low asthma and healthy controls (P < 0.05). To distinguish between T2-high and T2-low phenotype in patients with asthma, a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. It showed a sensitivity of 58.1% and specificity of 78.0% when using 22.74 ng/ml of plasma CC10. Correlation analysis indicated that the plasma CC10 level was inversely correlated with sputum eosinophil, blood eosinophil, and FeNO, and positively correlated with log PD20. However, no correlation with sputum neutrophil percentages, macrophage percentages, IgE, or lung function was found. Plasma CC10 is potentially useful in predicting T2-high and T2-low asthma. Lower plasma CC10 was associated with enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, and Type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanjiao Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kelty J, Kovalchuk N, Uwimana E, Yin L, Ding X, Van Winkle L. In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L308-L328. [PMID: 35853015 PMCID: PMC9423729 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00349.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The translational value of high-throughput toxicity testing will depend on pharmacokinetic validation. Yet, popular in vitro airway epithelia models were optimized for structure and mucociliary function without considering the bioactivation or detoxification capabilities of lung-specific enzymes. This study evaluated xenobiotic metabolism maintenance within differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelial cell cultures (human bronchial; human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal), isolated airway epithelial cells (human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal; rhesus bronchial), and ex vivo microdissected airways (rhesus and mouse) by measuring gene expression, glutathione content, and naphthalene metabolism. Glutathione levels and detoxification gene transcripts were measured after 1-h exposure to 80 µM naphthalene (a bioactivated toxicant) or reactive naphthoquinone metabolites. Glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme transcript levels were maintained in ALI cultures from all species relative to source tissues, while cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene expression declined. Notable species differences among the models included a 40-fold lower total glutathione content for mouse ALI trachea cells relative to human and rhesus; a higher rate of naphthalene metabolism in mouse ALI cultures for naphthalene-glutathione formation (100-fold over rhesus) and naphthalene-dihydrodiol production (10-fold over human); and opposite effects of 1,2-naphthoquinone exposure in some models-glutathione was depleted in rhesus tissue but rose in mouse ALI samples. The responses of an immortalized bronchial cell line to naphthalene and naphthoquinones were inconsistent with those of human ALI cultures. These findings of preserved species differences and the altered balance of phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolism among the characterized in vitro models should be considered for future pulmonary toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Kelty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nataliia Kovalchuk
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eric Uwimana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lei Yin
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Laura Van Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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10
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Effects of obesity on CC16 and their potential role in overweight/obese asthma. Respir Res 2022; 23:174. [PMID: 35768822 PMCID: PMC9241210 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Club cell secretory protein-16 (CC16) is a major anti-inflammatory protein expressed in the airway; however, the potential role of CC16 on overweight/obese asthma has not been assessed. In this study, we examined whether obesity reduces airway/circulatory CC16 levels using experimental and epidemiological studies. Then, we explored the mediatory role of CC16 in the relationship of overweight/obesity with clinical asthma measures. Methods Circulating CC16 levels were assessed by ELISA in three independent human populations, including two groups of healthy and general populations and asthma patients. The percentage of cells expressing club markers in obese vs. non-obese mice and human airways was determined by immunohistochemistry. A causal mediation analysis was conducted to determine whether circulatory CC16 acted as a mediator between overweight/obesity and clinical asthma measures. Results BMI was significantly and monotonously associated with reduced circulating CC16 levels in all populations. The percentage of CC16-expressing cells was reduced in the small airways of both mice and humans with obesity. Finally, mediation analysis revealed significant contributions of circulatory CC16 in the association between BMI and clinical asthma measures; 21.8% of its total effect in BMI’s association with airway hyperresponsiveness of healthy subjects (p = 0.09), 26.4% with asthma severity (p = 0.030), and 23% with the required dose of inhaled corticosteroid (p = 0.042). In logistic regression analysis, 1-SD decrease in serum CC16 levels of asthma patients was associated with 87% increased odds for high dose ICS requirement (p < 0.001). Conclusions We demonstrate that airway/circulating CC16, which is inversely associated with BMI, may mediate development and severity in overweight/obese asthma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02038-1.
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11
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Mootz M, Jakwerth CA, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Zissler UM. Secretoglobins in the big picture of immunoregulation in airway diseases. Allergy 2022; 77:767-777. [PMID: 34343347 DOI: 10.1111/all.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteins of the secretoglobin (SCGB) family are expressed by secretory tissues of barrier organs. They are embedded in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory processes of airway diseases. This review particularly illustrates the immune regulation of SCGBs by cytokines and their implication in the pathophysiology of airway diseases. The biology of SCGBs is a complex topic of increasing importance, as they are highly abundant in the respiratory tract and can also be detected in malignant tissues and as elements of immune control. In addition, SCGBs react to cytokines, they are embedded in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, and they are expressed in a manner dependent on cell maturation. The big picture of the SCGB family identifies these factors as critical elements of innate immune control at the epithelial barriers and highlights their potential for diagnostic assessment of epithelial activity. Some members of the SCGB family have so far only been superficially examined, but have high potential for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Mootz
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM)TUM School of MedicineKlinikum Rechts der Isar Munich Germany
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
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12
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Effah CY, Drokow EK, Agboyibor C, Ding L, He S, Liu S, Akorli SY, Nuamah E, Sun T, Zhou X, Liu H, Xu Z, Feng F, Wu Y, Zhang X. Neutrophil-Dependent Immunity During Pulmonary Infections and Inflammations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689866. [PMID: 34737734 PMCID: PMC8560714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid recruitment of neutrophils to an inflamed site is one of the hallmarks of an effective host defense mechanism. The main pathway through which this happens is by the innate immune response. Neutrophils, which play an important part in innate immune defense, migrate into lungs through the modulation actions of chemokines to execute a variety of pro-inflammatory functions. Despite the importance of chemokines in host immunity, little has been discussed on their roles in host immunity. A holistic understanding of neutrophil recruitment, pattern recognition pathways, the roles of chemokines and the pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in host immunity may allow for new approaches in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disease of the lung. Herein, this review aims at highlighting some of the developments in lung neutrophil-immunity by focusing on the functions and roles of CXC/CC chemokines and pattern recognition receptors in neutrophil immunity during pulmonary inflammations. The pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in COVID-19 and thromboembolism have also been summarized. We finally summarized various neutrophil biomarkers that can be utilized as prognostic molecules in pulmonary inflammations and discussed various neutrophil-targeted therapies for neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senyo Yao Akorli
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Nuamah
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Smoking shifts human small airway epithelium club cells toward a lesser differentiated population. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:73. [PMID: 34497273 PMCID: PMC8426481 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The club cell, a small airway epithelial (SAE) cell, plays a central role in human lung host defense. We hypothesized that subpopulations of club cells with distinct functions may exist. The SAE of healthy nonsmokers and healthy cigarette smokers were evaluated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and unsupervised clustering revealed subpopulations of SCGCB1A1+KRT5loMUC5AC- club cells. Club cell heterogeneity was supported by evaluations of SAE tissue sections, brushed SAE cells, and in vitro air-liquid interface cultures. Three subpopulations included: (1) progenitor; (2) proliferating; and (3) effector club cells. The progenitor club cell population expressed high levels of mitochondrial, ribosomal proteins, and KRT5 relative to other club cell populations and included a differentiation branch point leading to mucous cell production. The small proliferating population expressed high levels of cyclins and proliferation markers. The effector club cell cluster expressed genes related to host defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and barrier functions associated with club cell function. Comparison of smokers vs. nonsmokers demonstrated that smoking limited the extent of differentiation of all three subclusters and altered SAM pointed domain-containing Ets transcription factor (SPDEF)-regulated transcription in the effector cell population leading to a change in the location of the branch point for mucous cell production, a potential explanation for the concomitant reduction in effector club cells and increase in mucous cells in smokers. These observations provide insights into both the makeup of human SAE club cell subpopulations and the smoking-induced changes in club cell biology.
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14
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Yang YY, Lin CJ, Wang CC, Chen CM, Kao WJ, Chen YH. Consecutive Hypoxia Decreases Expression of NOTCH3, HEY1, CC10, and FOXJ1 via NKX2-1 Downregulation and Intermittent Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Increases Expression of BMP4, NOTCH1, MKI67, OCT4, and MUC5AC via HIF1A Upregulation in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572276. [PMID: 33015064 PMCID: PMC7500169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the experimental models of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) mimics the physiological conditions of ischemia-reperfusion and induce oxidative stress and injury in various types of organs, tissues, and cells, both in vivo and in vitro, including human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Nonetheless, it had not been reported whether H/R affected proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of stem/progenitor cell markers in the bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated differential effects of consecutive hypoxia and intermittent 24/24-h cycles of H/R on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells derived from the same-race and age-matched healthy subjects (i.e., NHBE) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (i.e., DHBE). To analyze gene/protein expression during differentiation, both the NHBE and DHBE cells at the 2nd passage were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) in the differentiation medium under normoxia for 3 days, followed by either culturing under hypoxia (1% O2) for consecutively 9 days and then returning to normoxia for another 9 days, or culturing under 24/24-h cycles of H/R (i.e., 24 h of 1% O2 followed by 24 h of 21% O2, repetitively) for 18 days in total, so that all differentiating HBE cells were exposed to hypoxia for a total of 9 days. In both the normal and diseased HBE cells, intermittent H/R significantly increased HIF1A, BMP4, NOTCH1, MKI67, OCT4, and MUC5AC expression, while consecutive hypoxia significantly decreased NKX2-1, NOTCH3, HEY1, CC10, and FOXJ1 expression. Inhibition of HIF1A or NKX2-1 expression by siRNA transfection respectively decreased BMP4/NOTCH1/MKI67/OCT4/MUC5AC and NOTCH3/HEY1/CC10/FOXJ1 expression in the HBE cells cultured under intermittent H/R to the same levels under normoxia. Overexpression of NKX2-1 via cDNA transfection caused more than 2.8-fold increases in NOTCH3, HEY1, and FOXJ1 mRNA levels in the HBE cells cultured under consecutive hypoxia compared to the levels under normoxia. Taken together, our results show for the first time that consecutive hypoxia decreased expression of the co-regulated gene module NOTCH3/HEY1/CC10 and the ciliogenesis-inducing transcription factor gene FOXJ1 via NKX2-1 mRNA downregulation, while intermittent H/R increased expression of the co-regulated gene module BMP4/NOTCH1/MKI67/OCT4 and the predominant airway mucin gene MUC5AC via HIF1A mRNA upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Respiratory Therapy, Rueifang Miner Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Kao
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Intermittent exposure to whole cigarette smoke alters the differentiation of primary small airway epithelial cells in the air-liquid interface culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6257. [PMID: 32277131 PMCID: PMC7148343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the leading risk factor to develop COPD. Therefore, the pathologic effects of whole CS on the differentiation of primary small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) were investigated, using cells from three healthy donors and three COPD patients, cultured under ALI (air-liquid interface) conditions. The analysis of the epithelial physiology demonstrated that CS impaired barrier formation and reduced cilia beat activity. Although, COPD-derived ALI cultures preserved some features known from COPD patients, CS-induced effects were similarly pronounced in ALI cultures from patients compared to healthy controls. RNA sequencing analyses revealed the deregulation of marker genes for basal and secretory cells upon CS exposure. The comparison between gene signatures obtained from the in vitro model (CS vs. air) with a published data set from human epithelial brushes (smoker vs. non-smoker) revealed a high degree of similarity between deregulated genes and pathways induced by CS. Taken together, whole cigarette smoke alters the differentiation of small airway basal cells in vitro. The established model showed a good translatability to the situation in vivo. Thus, the model can help to identify and test novel therapeutic approaches to restore the impaired epithelial repair mechanisms in COPD, which is still a high medical need.
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16
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Smith CJ, Perfetti TA. High-dose exposure to synthetic chemicals, hormones, or homeostatic substances in experimental animals or humans can induce artefactual pathology. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320940557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) provides the highest probability of a positive result in a toxicology bioassay. The assumption underlying the MTD in animal bioassays is that adverse effects at very high doses are qualitatively the same as those occurring at low doses. In contrast with the MTD, the optimal top dose in a toxicology animal study is the highest dose that does not produce a pathological end point that presents no risk at lower doses, for example, the dose below which cytotoxicity induces tumors in the absence of genotoxicity or other carcinogenic mechanisms. Normal concentrations or biological activity levels of many substances necessary for normal physiological function induce pathology when found at high levels. For example, the demonstration that ingestion of abnormally high levels of certain dietary fats can cause or exacerbate atherosclerosis in relevant animal models like rhesus macaques does not demonstrate that normal levels of these fats should be considered as toxic. Excessive estrogenic stimulation is associated with breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. This does not imply that normal age-appropriate levels of estrogen are toxic. Normal wound healing is associated with transforming growth factors beta 1 and 2. Excessive stimulation of fibroblasts by these growth factors results in hypertrophic scarring and keloid formation. An understanding of the mode of action of a test substance can facilitate the selection of dose levels much higher than those expected to be experienced by humans, but not beyond a dose level at which pathology is an experimental artefact of the high-dose level.
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17
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Sarode P, Mansouri S, Karger A, Schaefer MB, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Savai R. Epithelial cell plasticity defines heterogeneity in lung cancer. Cell Signal 2019; 65:109463. [PMID: 31693875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women and accounts for almost 18.4% of all deaths due to cancer worldwide, with the global incidence increasing by approximately 0.5% per year. Lung cancer is regarded as a devastating type of cancer owing to its high prevalence, reduction in the health-related quality of life, frequently delayed diagnosis, low response rate, high toxicity, and resistance to available therapeutic options. The highly heterogeneous nature of this cancer with a proximal-to-distal distribution throughout the respiratory tract dramatically affects its diagnostic and therapeutic management. The diverse composition and plasticity of lung epithelial cells across the respiratory tract are regarded as significant factors underlying lung cancer heterogeneity. Therefore, definitions of the cells of origin for different types of lung cancer are urgently needed to understand lung cancer biology and to achieve early diagnosis and develop cell-targeted therapies. In the present review, we will discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular alterations in distinct lung epithelial cells that result in each type of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sarode
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Annika Karger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Martina Barbara Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35390, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35390, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35390, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35390, Germany.
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18
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Petit A, Knabe L, Khelloufi K, Jory M, Gras D, Cabon Y, Begg M, Richard S, Massiera G, Chanez P, Vachier I, Bourdin A. Bronchial Epithelial Calcium Metabolism Impairment in Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Decreased ORAI3 Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:501-511. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Knabe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kamel Khelloufi
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR 7325, and
| | - Myriam Jory
- UMR 5221 CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, INSERM U1263 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Clinique des Bronches Allergies et Sommeil, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Cabon
- Department of Medical Information, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Malcolm Begg
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Data Processing Unit, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gladys Massiera
- UMR 5221 CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, INSERM U1263 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Clinique des Bronches Allergies et Sommeil, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Li XX, Peng T, Gao J, Feng JG, Wu DD, Yang T, Zhong L, Fu WP, Sun C. Allele-specific expression identified rs2509956 as a novel long-distance cis-regulatory SNP for SCGB1A1, an important gene for multiple pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L456-L463. [PMID: 31322430 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00275.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SCGB1A1 (secretoglobin family 1A member 1) is an important protein for multiple pulmonary diseases, especially asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 5'-untranslated region of SCGB1A1, rs3741240, has been suggested to be associated with reduced protein expression and further asthma susceptibility. However, it was still unclear whether there were other cis-regulatory elements for SCGB1A1 that might further contribute to pulmonary diseases. Allele-specific expression (ASE) is a novel approach to identify the functional region in human genome. In the present study, we measured ASE on rs3741240 in lung tissues and observed a consistent excess of G allele over A (P < 10-6), which indicated that this SNP or the one(s) in linkage disequilibrium (LD) could regulate SCGB1A1 expression. By analyzing 1000 Genomes Project data for Chinese, one SNP locating ~10.2 kb away and downstream of SCGB1A1, rs2509956, was identified to be in strong LD with rs3741240. Reporter gene assay confirmed that both SNPs could regulate gene expression in the lung cell. By chromosome conformation capture, it was verified that the region surrounding rs2509956 could interact with SCGB1A1 promoter region and act as an enhancer. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and overexpression assay, the related transcription factor RELA (RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit) was recognized to bind the region spanning rs2509956. Our work identified a novel long-distance cis-regulatory SNP for SCGB1A1, which might contribute to multiple pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Gang Feng
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Fu
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Gosens R, Dean C, Griffiths M, Hind M. Regenerative pharmacology for COPD: breathing new life into old lungs. Thorax 2019; 74:890-897. [PMID: 30940772 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health concern with few effective treatments. Widespread destruction of alveolar tissue contributes to impaired gas exchange in severe COPD, and recent radiological evidence suggests that destruction of small airways is a major contributor to increased peripheral airway resistance in disease. This important finding might in part explain the failure of conventional anti-inflammatory treatments to restore lung function even in patients with mild disease. There is a clear need for alternative pharmacological strategies for patients with COPD/emphysema. Proposed regenerative strategies such as cell therapy and tissue engineering are hampered by poor availability of exogenous stem cells, discouraging trial results, and risks and cost associated with surgery. An alternative therapeutic approach is augmentation of lung regeneration and/or repair by biologically active factors, which have potential to be employed on a large scale. In favour of this strategy, the healthy adult lung is known to possess a remarkable endogenous regenerative capacity. Numerous preclinical studies have shown induction of regeneration in animal models of COPD/emphysema. Here, we argue that given the widespread and irreversible nature of COPD, serious consideration of regenerative pharmacology is necessary. However, for this approach to be feasible, a better understanding of the cell-specific molecular control of regeneration, the regenerative potential of the human lung and regenerative competencies of patients with COPD are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Griffiths
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hind
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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21
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Bronchioloalveolar lung tumors induced in “mice only” by non-genotoxic chemicals are not useful for quantitative assessment of pulmonary adenocarcinoma risk in humans. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318816617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals classified as known human carcinogens by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) show a low level of concordance between rodents and humans for induction of pulmonary carcinoma. Rats and mice exposed via inhalation for 2 years show a low level of concordance in both tumor development and organ site location. In 2-year inhalation studies using rats and mice, when pulmonary tumors are seen in only male or female mice or both, but not in either sex of rat, there is a high probability that the murine pulmonary tumor has been produced via Clara cell or club cell (CC) metabolism of the inhaled chemical to a cytotoxic metabolite. Cytotoxicity-induced mitogenesis increases mutagenesis via amplification of the background mutation rate. If the chemical being tested is also negative in the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay, and only mouse pulmonary tumors are induced, the probability that this pulmonary tumor is not relevant to human lung cancer risk goes even higher. Mice have a larger percentage of CCs in their distal airways than rats, and a much larger percentage than in humans. The CCs of mice have a much higher concentration of metabolic enzymes capable of metabolizing xenobiotics than CCs in either rats or humans. A principal threat to validity of extrapolating from the murine model lies in the unique capacity of murine CCs to metabolize a significant spectrum of xenobiotics which in turn produces toxicants not seen in rat or human pulmonary pathophysiology.
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22
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Oh JY, Lee YS, Min KH, Hur GY, Lee SY, Kang KH, Rhee CK, Park SJ, Shim JJ. Decreased serum club cell secretory protein in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: a pilot study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3411-3417. [PMID: 30425470 PMCID: PMC6203108 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s174545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Improvement in the diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO), and identification of biomarkers for phenotype recognition will encourage good patient care by providing optimal therapy. We investigated club cell secretory protein (CC-16), a protective and anti-inflammatory mediator, as a new candidate biomarker for diagnosing ACO. Patients and methods We performed a multicenter cohort study. A total of 107 patients were divided into three groups - asthma, COPD, and ACO - according to the Spanish guidelines algorithm, and enrolled into the study. Serum CC-16 levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Results Serum CC-16 levels were the lowest in patients with ACO. Low serum CC-16 levels were a significant marker for the ACO even after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking intensity. Serum CC-16 levels were positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% of FVC, FEV1/FVC, vital capacity, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and were negatively correlated with smoking amount (pack-years), bronchodilator response, fractional residual capacity, residual volume, and number of exacerbations per year. FEV1 and serum CC-16 levels were significantly lower in patients with frequent exacerbations. Conclusion Serum CC-16 has the potential to be a biomarker for ACO diagnosis and also treat frequent exacerbations in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Youn Oh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Young Seok Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Kyung Hoon Min
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Gyu Young Hur
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Sung Yong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Kyung Ho Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Ju Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jeong Shim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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23
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Leite MR, Zanetta DMT, Antonangelo L, Marçal LJ, Ramos D, Almeida Burdmann E, Paula Santos U. Burnt sugarcane harvesting work: effects on pulmonary and systemic inflammatory markers. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:205-212. [PMID: 30328727 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1494765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of burnt sugarcane harvesting on the plasmatic and urinary concentrations of the club cell secretory protein (CC16) and inflammatory systemic biomarkers in a group of sugarcane cutters. Methods: Seventy-eight sugar cane workers were evaluated. The plasmatic and urinary concentrations of CC16, a pulmonary damage marker and inflammatory systemic biomarkers were collected at three time points: before, three months after and six months after the onset of the burnt sugarcane harvesting period. All evaluations were performed at ∼7 am, before the daily work shift. In the three-month evaluation, a post-work shift assessment (acute effect) was also performed. Results: The age of the workers was 37.9 ± 11.0 years. The PM2.5 concentrations were 27.0 (23.0-33.0) and 101.0 (31.0-139.5) µg/m3 in the pre harvest and harvest periods, respectively (p < .001). Burnt sugarcane harvesting was associated with a reduction, throughout the work during burnt sugarcane harvesting (subchronic effect), in plasmatic and urinary CC16 concentrations. Acutely, there was a decrease in plasmatic concentrations. There were acute and subchronic increases in inflammatory markers (neutrophils, monocytes) and muscle damage markers (CK and LDH) and a decrease in red blood cells. Conclusions: Harvesting of burnt sugarcane was associated with acute and subchronic reductions in the plasmatic and urinary concentrations of CC16 protein and changes in systemic inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceli Rocha Leite
- a Divisao de Pneumologia , Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Leila Antonangelo
- c Laboratório de Investigação Médica 03 (LIM-03) - Departamento de Patologia, da Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lia Junqueira Marçal
- c Laboratório de Investigação Médica 03 (LIM-03) - Departamento de Patologia, da Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Dionei Ramos
- d Department of Physiotherapy , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Campus de Presidente Prudente , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Almeida Burdmann
- e Laboratório de Investigação Médica 12 (LIM-12), Divisão de Nefrologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Paula Santos
- f Divisão de Pneumologia , Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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24
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Hagman C, Björklund LJ, Hellgren G, Tufvesson E, Hansen-Pupp I. Club cell secretory protein (CC16) in gastric fluid at birth and subsequent lung disease in preterm infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1399-1406. [PMID: 29992757 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Club cell secretory protein (CC16) probably has a role in protecting the lung from inflammation. AIM To evaluate if low levels of CC16 in gastric fluid at birth, reflecting low levels of CC16 in the lung, would be associated with lung inflammation and respiratory morbidity. METHODS A study of 64 infants with mean gestational age 26.1 weeks. CC16 was analyzed in gastric fluid at birth. CC16, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MMP-9 were analyzed in tracheal aspirate within 24 h from birth. RESULTS CC16 in gastric fluid increased with gestational age (P = 0.033). Lower concentrations of CC16 in gastric fluid at birth were associated with higher concentrations of IL-1β (P = 0.028), TNF-α (P = 0.034), and MMP-9 (P = 0.015) in tracheal aspirate. Infants who needed mechanical ventilation at 24 and 72 h of age had lower CC16 in gastric fluid than those not ventilated at these ages (P = 0.011 and P = 0.024, respectively). Lower CC16 in gastric fluid was associated with higher FiO2 at 6 h (P = 0.009), higher PaCO2 at 24 h (P = 0.03), more ventilator days (P = 0.012) and more days with supplemental oxygen (P = 0.03). Infants who had either died or were still treated with supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age had lower CC16 in gastric fluid than infants with none of these outcomes (P = 0.049). CONCLUSION A low CC16 concentration in gastric fluid at birth was associated with increased inflammation in the trachea within the first 24 h of life and with more need for respiratory support in the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hagman
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars J Björklund
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hellgren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansen-Pupp
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Suitability of biomarkers of biological effects (BOBEs) for assessing the likelihood of reducing the tobacco related disease risk by new and innovative tobacco products: A literature review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 94:203-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Wang H, Duan H, Meng T, Yang M, Cui L, Bin P, Dai Y, Niu Y, Shen M, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Leng S. Local and Systemic Inflammation May Mediate Diesel Engine Exhaust–Induced Lung Function Impairment in a Chinese Occupational Cohort. Toxicol Sci 2017; 162:372-382. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ping Bin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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27
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Stenberg H, Wadelius E, Moitra S, Åberg I, Ankerst J, Diamant Z, Bjermer L, Tufvesson E. Club cell protein (CC16) in plasma, bronchial brushes, BAL and urine following an inhaled allergen challenge in allergic asthmatics. Biomarkers 2017; 23:51-60. [PMID: 28862880 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1375559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Club cell protein (CC16) is a pneumoprotein secreted by epithelial club cells. CC16 possesses anti-inflammatory properties and is a potential biomarker for airway epithelial damage. We studied the effect of inhaled allergen on pulmonary and systemic CC16 levels. METHODS Thirty-four subjects with allergic asthma underwent an inhaled allergen challenge. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and brushings was performed before and 24 h after the challenge. CC16 was quantified in BAL and CC16 positive cells and CC16 mRNA in bronchial brushings. CC16 was measured in plasma and urine before and repeatedly after the challenge. Thirty subjects performed a mannitol inhalation challenge prior to the allergen challenge. RESULTS Compared to baseline, CC16 in plasma was significantly increased in all subjects 0-1 h after the allergen challenge, while CC16 in BAL was only increased in subjects without a late allergic response. Levels of CC16 in plasma and in the alveolar fraction of BAL correlated significantly after the challenge. There was no increase in urinary levels of CC16 post-challenge. Mannitol responsiveness was greater in subjects with lower baseline levels of CC16 in plasma. CONCLUSIONS The increase in plasma CC16 following inhaled allergen supports the notion of CC16 as a biomarker of epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Stenberg
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Erik Wadelius
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Subhabrata Moitra
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ida Åberg
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Jaro Ankerst
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,b Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and QPS-NL , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Leif Bjermer
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Lee KP, Park SJ, Kang S, Koh JM, Sato K, Chung HY, Okajima F, Im DS. ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids accelerate airway repair by activating FFA4 in club cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L835-L844. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00350.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) named free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) was found to act as a GPCR for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Its expression has been reported in lung epithelial club cells. We investigated whether supplementation of the ω-3 fatty acids benefits lung health. Omacor (7.75 mg/kg), clinically prescribed preparation of ω-3 fatty acids, and FFA4-knockout mice were utilized in a naphthalene-induced mouse model of acute airway injury (1 injection of 30 mg/kg ip). Naphthalene injection induced complete destruction of bronchiolar epithelial cells within a day. Appearance of bronchiolar epithelial cells was observed after 21 days in control mice. It was found, however, that supplementation of Omacor accelerated the recovery. The appearance of bronchiolar epithelial cells was observed between 7 and 14 days after naphthalene injury in Omacor-treated mice. In isolated club cells, ω-3 fatty acids were found to stimulate cell proliferation and migration but to inhibit cell differentiation. With the use of pharmacological tools and FFA4-knockout mice, FFA4 was found to be responsible for ω-3 fatty acids-induced proliferation in vitro in club cells. Furthermore, accelerated recovery from naphthalene-induced airway injury in Omacor-treated mice was not observed in FFA4-knockout mice in vivo. Present findings indicate that ω-3 fatty acids-induced proliferation of bronchiole epithelial cells through FFA4 is responsible for Omacor-induced accelerated recovery from airway injury. Therefore, intermittent administration of Omacor needs to be tested for acute airway injury because ω-3 fatty acids stimulate proliferation but inhibit differentiation of club cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Pil Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeromi Kang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hae-Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumikazu Okajima
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Van Winkle LS, Kelty JS, Plopper CG. Preparation of Specific Compartments of the Lungs for Pathologic and Biochemical Analysis of Toxicologic Responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 71:24.5.1-24.5.26. [PMID: 28146282 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This unit focuses on protocols for assessing microenvironment-specific responses in the thoracic lung tissues. Aspects of the entire respiratory system serve as potential targets for candidate toxicants, but each candidate toxicant may impact distinct sites due to differential distribution of either the toxicant or the target cells. Within the conducting airways, the composition of resident cell populations and the metabolic capabilities of the cell populations vary greatly. Thus, studies of this region of the lung require unique, site-selective methods to clearly define the toxic response. Without site-specific sampling, as described in this chapter, the experimental limit of detection for toxicant effects in conducting airways is weakened because differences unrelated to treatment, but related to location, may dominate the response. The protocols included here allow assessment of toxicological responses in the tracheobronchial airways and the gas exchange area of the lung, with specific application to laboratory mammals. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Van Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,John Muir Institute for the Environment, Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jacklyn S Kelty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,John Muir Institute for the Environment, Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Charles G Plopper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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30
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Zhou Z, Chen P, Peng H. Are healthy smokers really healthy? Tob Induc Dis 2016; 14:35. [PMID: 27891067 PMCID: PMC5111288 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4500 chemicals which have toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Strong evidences have shown that current smokers take a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer than nonsmokers. However, less attention has been paid to the smoking induced abnormalities in the individuals defined as healthy smokers who are normal with spirometry, radiographic images, routine physical exam and categorized as healthy control group in many researches. Actually, ‘healthy smokers’ are not healthy. This narrative review focuses on the smoking related pathophysiologic changes mainly in the respiratory system of healthy smokers, including inflammation and immune changes, genetic alterations, structural changes and pulmonary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People's Republic of China
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Knabe L, Varilh J, Bergougnoux A, Gamez AS, Bonini J, Pommier A, Petit A, Molinari N, Vachier I, Taulan-Cadars M, Bourdin A. CCSP G38A polymorphism environment interactions regulate CCSP levels differentially in COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L696-L703. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00280.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired airway homeostasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could be partly related to club cell secretory protein (CCSP) deficiency. We hypothesize that CCSP G38A polymorphism is involved and aim to examine the influence of the CCSP G38A polymorphism on CCSP transcription levels and its regulatory mechanisms. CCSP genotype and CCSP levels in serum and sputum were assessed in 66 subjects with stable COPD included in a 1-yr observational study. Forty-nine of them had an exacerbation. In an in vitro study, the impact on the CCSP promoter of 38G wild-type or 38A variant was assessed. BEAS-2B cells were transfected by either the 38G or 38A construct, in the presence/absence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cotransfections with modulating transcription factors, p53 and Nkx2.1, identified by in silico analysis by using ConSite and TFSEARCH were conducted. A allele carrier COPD patients had lower serum and sputum CCSP levels, especially among active smokers, and a decreased body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) score. In vitro, baseline CCSP transcription levels were similar between the wild and variant constructs. CSE decreased more profoundly the CCSP transcription level of 38A transfected cells. The opposite effect was observed with p53 cotransfection. LPS stimulation induced CCSP repression in 38A promoter transfected cells. Cotransfection with Nkx2.1 significantly activated the CCSP promoters irrespective of the polymorphism. Circulating CCSP levels are associated with smoking and the CCSP G38A polymorphism. CSE, LPS, and the Nkx2.1 and p53 transcription factors modulated the CCSP promoter efficiency. The 38A polymorphism exaggerated the CCSP repression in response to p53 and CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Knabe
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anne Bergougnoux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory–IURC, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Anne-Sophie Gamez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Aurélie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- IMAG U5149, Department of Medical Information, Montpellier University Hospital Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Arnaud Bourdin
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Matsumoto T, Fujita M, Hirano R, Uchino J, Tajiri Y, Fukuyama S, Morimoto Y, Watanabe K. Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection-induced chronic bronchitis and emphysematous changes in CCSP-deficient mice. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2321-2327. [PMID: 27703342 PMCID: PMC5036550 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The club cell secretory protein (CCSP) is a regulator of lung inflammation following acute respiratory infection or lung injury. Recently, the relationship between CCSP and COPD has been reported. Since COPD results from an abnormal inflammatory response, we hypothesized that CCSP could have a protective role against chronic inflammation-induced lung damage. To address this issue, the pathophysiology of chronic lung inflammation induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in CCSP-deficient mice was determined. A tube of 5 mm in length was soaked in a fluid containing P. aeruginosa (PAO01 strain) for 1 week and inserted into the trachea of CCSP-deficient mice. One week later, P. aeruginosa was administered into the trachea. Five weeks after insertion of tube, the mice were sacrificed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected to determine the bacterial growth, and the lung histology and physiology were also examined. P. aeruginosa was continuously detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids during the study. Neutrophils were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the CCSP-deficient mice in comparison to wild-type mice. A histological study demonstrated chronic inflammation around bronchus, serious bronchial stenosis, and alveolar enlargement in the CCSP-deficient mice. The lung physiology study demonstrated an increase in the lung compliance of the CCSP-deficient mice. Chronic P. aeruginosa inflammation resulted in chronic bronchitis and emphysematous changes in the CCSP-deficient mice. CCSP could play an important role in protecting the host from the chronic inflammation-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Masaki Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Ryosuke Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Yukari Tajiri
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Satoru Fukuyama
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial and Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
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Biagioni BJ, Tam S, Chen YWR, Sin DD, Carlsten C. Effect of controlled human exposure to diesel exhaust and allergen on airway surfactant protein D, myeloperoxidase and club (Clara) cell secretory protein 16. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1206-13. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Biagioni
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - S. Tam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Y.-W. R. Chen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. D. Sin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - C. Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Medicine; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease; Vancouver BC Canada
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Role Of Hif2α Oxygen Sensing Pathway In Bronchial Epithelial Club Cell Proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25357. [PMID: 27150457 PMCID: PMC4858655 DOI: 10.1038/srep25357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-sensing pathways executed by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) induce a cellular adaptive program when oxygen supply becomes limited. However, the role of the HIF oxygen-sensing pathway in the airway response to hypoxic stress in adulthood remains poorly understood. Here we found that in vivo exposure to hypoxia led to a profound increase in bronchial epithelial cell proliferation mainly confined to Club (Clara) cells. Interestingly, this response was executed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α), which controls the expression of FoxM1, a recognized proliferative factor of Club cells. Furthermore, HIF2α induced the expression of the resistin-like molecules α and β (RELMα and β), previously considered bronchial epithelial growth factors. Importantly, despite the central role of HIF2α, this proliferative response was not initiated by in vivo Vhl gene inactivation or pharmacological inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase oxygen sensors, indicating the molecular complexity of this response and the possible participation of other oxygen-sensing pathways. Club cells are principally involved in protection and maintenance of bronchial epithelium. Thus, our findings identify a novel molecular link between HIF2α and Club cell biology that can be regarded as a new HIF2α-dependent mechanism involved in bronchial epithelium adaptation to oxygen fluctuations.
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Labonté LE, Bourbeau J, Daskalopoulou SS, Zhang M, Coulombe P, Garland K, Baglole CJ. Club Cell-16 and RelB as Novel Determinants of Arterial Stiffness in Exacerbating COPD Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149974. [PMID: 26914709 PMCID: PMC4767820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are acute events of worsened respiratory symptoms that may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of mortality amongst COPD patients. The utility of lung-specific inflammatory mediators such as club cell protein-16 (CC-16) and surfactant protein D (SPD) and that of a novel marker of CV outcomes in COPD- RelB- in predicting adverse cardiovascular events during exacerbation is not known. Methods Thirty-eight subjects with COPD admitted to the hospital for severe exacerbation were included in this analysis. Clinical, physiological and arterial stiffness measurements were performed within 72 hours of admission; this was followed by measurements taken every 3 days until hospital discharge, then once a week until 30 days after discharge, and then again at 90 and 180 days. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory mediators were measured from peripheral venous blood taken at admission, and at days 15, 30, 90 and 180. Results CC-16 and RelB concentrations were increased at day 15 of exacerbations whereas SPD concentrations were decreased. The course of change in CC-16 and RelB levels over time was inversely associated with that of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, the gold-standard measure of arterial stiffness. Increases in CC-16 could predict a decreased number of subsequent exacerbations during follow-up. Conclusions Lung-specific (CC-16) and novel (RelB) biomarkers are associated with systemic cardiovascular changes over time. CC-16 can predict subsequent exacerbations in subjects with severe COPD and may be an important biomarker of pulmonary and systemic stress in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Labonté
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Michele Zhang
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Coulombe
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katie Garland
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rosas-Salazar C, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Reiss S, Wickersham N, Larkin EK, James KM, Miller EK, Anderson LJ, Hartert TV. Urine Club Cell 16-kDa Secretory Protein and Childhood Wheezing Illnesses After Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Infancy. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2015; 28:158-164. [PMID: 26421213 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2015.0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Infants with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are at an increased risk of developing childhood wheezing illnesses (including asthma), but it is not currently possible to predict those at risk for these long-term outcomes. The current objective was to examine whether urine levels of club cell 16-kDa secretory protein (CC16) at the time of an infant LRTI are associated with the development of childhood wheezing illnesses. Methods: Prospective study of 133 previously healthy infants enrolled during a healthcare visit for a LRTI and followed longitudinally for childhood wheezing illnesses. Urine levels of CC16 at the time of enrollment were measured after validating a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for serum. The outcome of interest was parental report of subsequent childhood wheeze (defined as ≥1 episode of wheezing following the initial LRTI) at the 1-year follow-up visit. Logistic regression was used for the main analysis. Results: The median (interquartile range) urine levels of CC16 (ng/mg of creatinine) at the time of an infant LRTI were 11.1 (7.7-20.1) for infants with subsequent childhood wheeze and 13.4 (8.3-61.1) for those without (p = 0.11). In the main multivariate analysis using a logarithmic transformation of the urine levels of CC16, a twofold increase in urine levels of CC16 was associated with ∼30% decreased odds (OR = 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.98], p = 0.04) of subsequent childhood wheeze after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions: An inverse association was found between urine levels of CC16 at the time of an infant LRTI and the odds of subsequent childhood wheeze. Urine CC16 may be a useful biomarker of the development of childhood wheezing illnesses after LRTIs in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sara Reiss
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nancy Wickersham
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emma K Larkin
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristina M James
- Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - E Kathryn Miller
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. ; Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Guerra S, Halonen M, Vasquez MM, Spangenberg A, Stern DA, Morgan WJ, Wright AL, Lavi I, Tarès L, Carsin AE, Dobaño C, Barreiro E, Zock JP, Martínez-Moratalla J, Urrutia I, Sunyer J, Keidel D, Imboden M, Probst-Hensch N, Hallberg J, Melén E, Wickman M, Bousquet J, Belgrave DCM, Simpson A, Custovic A, Antó JM, Martinez FD. Relation between circulating CC16 concentrations, lung function, and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across the lifespan: a prospective study. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2015; 3:613-20. [PMID: 26159408 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low concentrations of the anti-inflammatory protein CC16 (approved symbol SCGB1A1) in serum have been associated with accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated whether low circulating CC16 concentrations precede lung function deficits and incidence of COPD in the general population. METHODS We assessed longitudinal data on CC16 concentrations in serum and associations with decline in FEV1 and incidence of airflow limitation for adults who were free from COPD at baseline in the population-based Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Disease ([TESAOD] n=960, mean follow-up 14 years), European Community Respiratory Health Survey ([ECRHS-Sp] n=514, 11 years), and Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults ([SAPALDIA] n=167, 8 years) studies. Additionally, we measured circulating CC16 concentrations in samples from children aged 4-6 years in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (n=427), UK Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (n=481), and the Swedish Barn/children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiological survey (n=231) birth cohorts to assess whether low CC16 concentrations in childhood were predictive for subsequent lung function. FINDINGS After adjustment for sex, age, height, smoking status and intensity, pack-years, asthma, and FEV1 at baseline, we found an inverse association between CC16 concentration and decline in FEV1 in adults in TESAOD (4·4 mL/year additional FEV1 decline for each SD decrease in baseline CC16 concentration, p=0·0014) and ECRHS-Sp (2·4 mL/year, p=0·023); the effect in SAPALDIA was marginal (4·5 mL/year, p=0·052). Low CC16 concentration at baseline was also associated with increased risk of incident stage 2 airflow limitation (ratio of FEV1 to forced expiratory volume [FEV1/FVC] less than 70% plus FEV1 % predicted less than 80%) in TESAOD and ECRHS-Sp. In children, the lowest tertile of CC16 concentrations was associated with a subsequent FEV1 deficit of 68 mL up to age 16 years (p=0·0001), which was confirmed in children who had never smoked by age 16 years (-71 mL, p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Low concentrations of CC16 in serum are associated with reduced lung function in childhood, accelerated lung function decline in adulthood, and development of moderate airflow limitation in the general adult population. FUNDING National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and European Union Seventh Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guerra
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marilyn Halonen
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Monica M Vasquez
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Debra A Stern
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wayne J Morgan
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anne L Wright
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Iris Lavi
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Tarès
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Moratalla
- Servicio de Neumología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, and Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Isabel Urrutia
- Pneumology Service, Galdakao-Usánsolo Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Hallberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, INSERM 1018, CESP Centre, Villejuif, France
| | - Danielle C M Belgrave
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Josep M Antó
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Albertine KH. Utility of large-animal models of BPD: chronically ventilated preterm lambs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L983-L1001. [PMID: 25770179 PMCID: PMC4437012 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00178.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is focused on unique insights provided by the preterm lamb physiological model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Connections are also made to insights provided by the former preterm baboon model of BPD, as well as to rodent models of lung injury to the immature, postnatal lung. The preterm lamb and baboon models recapitulate the clinical setting of preterm birth and respiratory failure that require prolonged ventilation support for days or weeks with oxygen-rich gas. An advantage of the preterm lamb model is the large size of preterm lambs, which facilitates physiological studies for days or weeks during the evolution of neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD). To this advantage is linked an integrated array of morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses that are identifying the role of individual genes in the pathogenesis of neonatal CLD. Results indicate that the mode of ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation vs. less invasive high-frequency nasal ventilation, is related to outcomes. Our approach also includes pharmacological interventions that test causality of specific molecular players, such as vitamin A supplementation in the pathogenesis of neonatal CLD. The new insights that are being gained from our preterm lamb model may have important translational implications about the pathogenesis and treatment of BPD in preterm human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt H Albertine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Lock-Johansson S, Vestbo J, Sorensen GL. Surfactant protein D, Club cell protein 16, Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, C-reactive protein, and Fibrinogen biomarker variation in chronic obstructive lung disease. Respir Res 2014; 15:147. [PMID: 25425298 PMCID: PMC4256818 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifaceted condition that cannot be fully described by the severity of airway obstruction. The limitations of spirometry and clinical history have prompted researchers to investigate a multitude of surrogate biomarkers of disease for the assessment of patients, prediction of risk, and guidance of treatment. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of observations for a selection of recently investigated pulmonary inflammatory biomarkers (Surfactant protein D (SP-D), Club cell protein 16 (CC-16), and Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC/CCL-18)) and systemic inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) with COPD. The relevance of these biomarkers for COPD is discussed in terms of their biological plausibility, their independent association to disease and hard clinical outcomes, their modification by interventions, and whether changes in clinical outcomes are reflected by changes in the biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Lock-Johansson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsloews Vej 25.3, Odense, 5000, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
- Respiratory Research Group, Manchester Academic Science Centre University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsloews Vej 25.3, Odense, 5000, Denmark.
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Sputum club cell protein concentration is associated with pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 14:334-40. [PMID: 25456770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients exhibit a progressive decline in lung function accelerated by intermittent pulmonary exacerbations. There are urgent needs for clinically relevant biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and management of a CF pulmonary exacerbation, in addition to providing insight into its pathophysiology. Club cell secretory protein (CCSP) is produced by bronchial epithelial cells, known to have anti-inflammatory properties and may play a role in CF pulmonary exacerbations. Our objective was to measure sputum CCSP concentration during hospitalizations for CF pulmonary exacerbation and during quarterly outpatient clinic visits for 2 years. We explored the correlations between CCSP concentration, lung function and markers of inflammation and infection. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, expectorated sputum, blood and lung function data were collected from 45 CF patients during 68 hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbation and 193 clinic visits. Sputum CCSP concentration was measured and sputum and blood were assayed with a panel of inflammatory cytokines. We used a repeated measures model to compare log transformed sputum CCSP concentrations across multiple time points and to correlate those concentrations with related clinical variables. RESULTS Our population had a mean age of 29 (16-58 years), and a median FEV(1) %predicted of 60% (18-105%). Sputum CCSP concentration was significantly lower in the initial, interim and final exacerbation samples (p=0.0021, p=0.0005 and p=0.0274, respectively) compared to outpatient visits. Sputum CCSP concentration was negatively associated with sputum neutrophil elastase concentration (p=0.0373). Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid had a significantly lower sputum CCSP concentration (p=0.0129). CONCLUSION Sputum CCSP concentration is associated with CF pulmonary exacerbation.
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Franciosi L, Postma DS, van den Berge M, Govorukhina N, Horvatovich PL, Fusetti F, Poolman B, Lodewijk ME, Timens W, Bischoff R, ten Hacken NHT. Susceptibility to COPD: differential proteomic profiling after acute smoking. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102037. [PMID: 25036363 PMCID: PMC4103835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), yet only a subset of smokers develops COPD. Family members of patients with severe early-onset COPD have an increased risk to develop COPD and are therefore defined as “susceptible individuals”. Here we perform unbiased analyses of proteomic profiles to assess how “susceptible individuals” differ from age-matched “non-susceptible individuals” in response to cigarette smoking. Epithelial lining fluid (ELF) was collected at baseline and 24 hours after smoking 3 cigarettes in young individuals susceptible or non-susceptible to develop COPD and older subjects with established COPD. Controls at baseline were older healthy smoking and non-smoking individuals. Five samples per group were pooled and analysed by stable isotope labelling (iTRAQ) in duplicate. Six proteins were selected and validated by ELISA or immunohistochemistry. After smoking, 23 proteins increased or decreased in young susceptible individuals, 7 in young non-susceptible individuals, and 13 in COPD in the first experiment; 23 proteins increased or decreased in young susceptible individuals, 32 in young non-susceptible individuals, and 11 in COPD in the second experiment. SerpinB3 and Uteroglobin decreased after acute smoke exposure in young non-susceptible individuals exclusively, whereas Peroxiredoxin I, S100A9, S100A8, ALDH3A1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1) decreased both in young susceptible and non-susceptible individuals, changes being significantly different between groups for Uteroglobin with iTRAQ and for Serpin B3 with iTRAQ and ELISA measures. Peroxiredoxin I, SerpinB3 and ALDH3A1 increased in COPD patients after smoking. We conclude that smoking induces a differential protein response in ELF of susceptible and non-susceptible young individuals, which differs from patients with established COPD. This is the first study applying unbiased proteomic profiling to unravel the underlying mechanisms that induce COPD. Our data suggest that SerpinB3 and Uteroglobin could be interesting proteins in understanding the processes leading to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Franciosi
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Horvatovich
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Fusetti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E. Lodewijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick H. T. ten Hacken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Park HY, Churg A, Wright JL, Li Y, Tam S, Man SFP, Tashkin D, Wise RA, Connett JE, Sin DD. Club cell protein 16 and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:1413-9. [PMID: 24245748 PMCID: PMC3917377 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201305-0892oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Club (Clara) cell protein 16 (CC-16) is a protein that is synthesized predominantly in the lungs and is detectable in serum. Its expression decreases with lung injury and smoking, and is thus a marker of bronchial cell dysfunction. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the possibility of using serum CC-16 as a biomarker for disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS We measured serum CC-16 levels from 4,724 subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation in the Lung Health Study. Using a linear regression model, we determined the relationship of serum CC-16 concentrations to decline in lung function over 9 years. In addition, to determine whether CC-16 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of mild COPD, we exposed CC-16-deficient (-/-) mice to 6 months of cigarette smoke. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Reduced serum concentrations of CC-16 were associated with accelerated decline in FEV1 over 9 years (P < 0.0001), and this association persisted after adjustments for age, sex, race, smoking status, airway reactivity, body mass index, and baseline FEV1 (P = 0.0002). However, CC-16(-/-) mice did not demonstrate an enhanced risk of emphysema or small airway remodeling in response to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSIONS Serum CC-16 is associated with disease progression, and may assist in the identification of "rapid progressors." However, the absence of CC-16 does not appear to modify the risk of cigarette-related COPD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Park
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Center and the Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Yuexin Li
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Center and the Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sheena Tam
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Center and the Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S. F. Paul Man
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Center and the Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Pulmonary Division), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donald Tashkin
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert A. Wise
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - John E. Connett
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Don D. Sin
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Center and the Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Pulmonary Division), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Guerra S, Vasquez MM, Spangenberg A, Halonen M, Martinez FD. Serum concentrations of club cell secretory protein (Clara) and cancer mortality in adults: a population-based, prospective cohort study. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:779-85. [PMID: 24461757 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Club cell secretory protein (Clara) (CC16) is produced mainly by bronchiolar club cells and has been shown to have protective effects against airway inflammation and oxidative stress from cigarette smoking and related carcinogens. The goal of this study was to establish whether serum CC16 concentrations predict all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in adults. METHODS We used data from the population-based Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Diseases (TESAOD), a prospective cohort study of respiratory health initiated in Tucson, AZ, USA, in 1972, that recruited a multistage stratified cluster sample of non-Hispanic white households. We measured serum CC16 concentrations in cryopreserved serum samples and reviewed vital status up to Jan 1, 2011, through contact with next of kin, collection of death certificates, and searches of the National Death Index. Our primary analysis was the relation of baseline serum CC16 to all-cause mortality or cause-specific mortality risk, analysed by adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. FINDINGS 1086 TESAOD participants aged 21-70 years at enrolment were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 653 (60%) had died by 2011, and cause of death was ascertained for 649 (99%). When adjusted for sex, age, education, body-mass index, smoking and pack-years, and baseline levels of lung function, serum CC16 concentrations at baseline were inversely associated with mortality risk over the study follow-up. Mortality risk increased for each 1-SD decrease in CC16 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·16 [95% CI 1·06-1·26]; p=0·0007). For cause-specific mortality, each 1-SD decrease in serum CC16 was associated with an increased risk of dying of cancer (adjusted HR 1·41 [1·19-1·67]; p<0·0001). In the subset of smokers, the corresponding adjusted HR for mortality by lung cancer was 1·52 (1·14-2·03; p=0·004). INTERPRETATION Serum CC16 concentrations can predict mortality risk in the general adult population. The excess risk associated with lower CC16 concentrations is predominantly driven by cancer, particularly lung cancer. FUNDING National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guerra
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Monica M Vasquez
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Halonen
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Taniguchi N, Konno S, Hattori T, Isada A, Shimizu K, Shimizu K, Shijubo N, Huang SK, Hizawa N, Nishimura M. The CC16 A38G polymorphism is associated with asymptomatic airway hyper-responsiveness and development of late-onset asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 111:376-381.e1. [PMID: 24125144 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) is expressed primarily in the respiratory tract and is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that protects the airway from inflammation. The associations of the A38G polymorphism in this gene with asymptomatic airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), which is considered a risk factor for future asthma in adults, and the development of adult-onset asthma are unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of the CC16 A38G polymorphism with asymptomatic AHR in healthy young adults and the development of adult-onset asthma and the association between plasma CC16 level according to this genotype and asymptomatic AHR. METHODS Nonspecific AHR was measured in 154 asymptomatic, young, healthy adults using a continuous methacholine inhalation method. The cumulative dose values of inhaled methacholine measured at the inflection point at which respiratory conductance started to decrease (Dmin) were used as an index of AHR. Case-control analysis was performed for the association between this polymorphism and the development of asthma in 1,086 unrelated Japanese subjects (504 subjects with asthma and 582 healthy subjects). RESULTS The 38AA + AG genotype was associated with lower Dmin values and lower plasma CC16 levels (P = .012 and .020). There was a significant positive correlation between Dmin values and plasma CC16 levels (P = .012). In the case-control study, the 38AA + AG genotype was significantly associated with late-onset asthma (onset at >40 years; odds ratio, 1.63; P = .016). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the CC16 A38G polymorphism may play a role in asymptomatic AHR and contribute to the development of late-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Taniguchi
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Dell'Omo M, Hermans C, Muzi G, Haufroid V, Bernard A, Carrieri P, Abbritti G. Serum Clara cell protein (CC16) in healthy young smokers. Biomarkers 2013; 5:158-64. [PMID: 23885953 DOI: 10.1080/135475000230479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The CC16 microprotein is the main secretory product of Clara cells, which are epithelial cells lining lung airways. In crossing through the bronchoalveolar/blood barrier, CC16 diffuses passively into plasma. Serum CC16 (sCC16) has recently been proposed as a biomarker for detecting Clara cell impairments. The aim of this study was to assess if sCC16 concentrations are reduced in a group of healthy young smokers. A group of 118 healthy young males volunteered to take part in the study. Each subject answered a questionnaire, and provided blood and urine samples. Serum CC16, urinary cotinine and creatinine were measured. Median serum CC16 concentrations were lower in smokers than in non-smokers (11.3 mug l(-1) vs 14.6 mug l(-1); p = 0.005; N = 89 and 29, respectively) but did not correlate with either the daily or the life-time cigarette consumption, or with urinary cotinine concentrations. sCC16 did not correlate with age or body mass index in the whole study population or in the groups of smokers and non-smokers. These results suggest the reduction in sCC16 concentrations in a group of healthy young smokers may be an early effect of cigarette smoking.
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Bjerk SM, Baker JV, Emery S, Neuhaus J, Angus B, Gordin FM, Pett SL, Stephan C, Kunisaki KM. Biomarkers and bacterial pneumonia risk in patients with treated HIV infection: a case-control study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56249. [PMID: 23457535 PMCID: PMC3574140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in HIV treatment, bacterial pneumonia continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infection. Studies of biomarker associations with bacterial pneumonia risk in treated HIV-infected patients do not currently exist. Methods We performed a nested, matched, case-control study among participants randomized to continuous combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy trial. Patients who developed bacterial pneumonia (cases) and patients without bacterial pneumonia (controls) were matched 1∶1 on clinical center, smoking status, age, and baseline cART use. Baseline levels of Club Cell Secretory Protein 16 (CC16), Surfactant Protein D (SP-D), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and d-dimer were compared between cases and controls. Results Cases (n = 72) and controls (n = 72) were 25.7% female, 51.4% black, 65.3% current smokers, 9.7% diabetic, 36.1% co-infected with Hepatitis B/C, and 75.0% were on cART at baseline. Median (IQR) age was 45 (41, 51) years with CD4+ count of 553 (436, 690) cells/mm3. Baseline CC16 and SP-D were similar between cases and controls, but hsCRP was significantly higher in cases than controls (2.94 µg/mL in cases vs. 1.93 µg/mL in controls; p = 0.02). IL-6 and d-dimer levels were also higher in cases compared to controls, though differences were not statistically significant (p-value 0.06 and 0.10, respectively). Conclusions In patients with cART-treated HIV infection, higher levels of systemic inflammatory markers were associated with increased bacterial pneumonia risk, while two pulmonary-specific inflammatory biomarkers, CC16 and SP-D, were not associated with bacterial pneumonia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Bjerk
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jason V. Baker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sean Emery
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Neuhaus
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brian Angus
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fred M. Gordin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Pett
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- HIV/Immunology and Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christoph Stephan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ken M. Kunisaki
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Clara cell protein 16: A biomarker for detecting secondary respiratory complications in patients with multiple injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73:838-42. [PMID: 22902736 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31825ac394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) has recently gained acceptance as a blood biomarker for detecting direct and indirect lung injury. Although the early elevation of CC16 serum levels has been shown to correlate with pulmonary damage in patients with multiple injuries, the subsequent time course of CC16 serum levels has not been investigated in these patients. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with multiple injuries, 32 with severe thoracic injury, and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. CC16 serum levels were measured at the time they were admitted to the trauma ward "time 0" and subsequently until day 14 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The correlation between CC16 serum levels and severe lung injury, onset of nosocomial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute lung injury, and organ failure was measured. In addition, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated (p < 0.05 = significant). RESULTS In patients with lung injury, initial "time 0" median CC16 values were significantly elevated (11.2 ng/mL) compared with patients without severe thoracic injury (6.9 ng/mL) and controls (6.3 ng/mL). The observed elevation in serum CC16 declined to control values within 12 to 24 hours after trauma unless patients secondarily developed pneumonia. In the latter patients, median CC16 serum levels were significantly elevated (14.5 ng/mL) at the onset of pneumonia compared with their levels (7.3 ng/mL) 1 day before. In contrast, no secondary elevation in CC16 serum levels was observed in patients without severe lung injury within the same 24-hour period. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for serum CC16 and pneumonia was 0.79 (0.62-0.97; p = 0.0011). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the previously described association between initial elevation in CC16 serum levels and severe thoracic injury in patients with multiple injuries. In addition, we found that the initial elevation in CC16 serum levels declines to control values within the first day after trauma and that a secondary elevation indicates respiratory complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, level II.
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Tricker AR, Kanada S, Takada K, Martin Leroy C, Lindner D, Schorp MK, Dempsey R. Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 6: 6-Day randomized clinical trial of a menthol cigarette in Japan. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 64:S64-73. [PMID: 22951347 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel-group, single-center study to determine biomarkers of exposure to 12 selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC) in cigarette smoke, excretion of mutagenic material in urine, and serum Clara cell 16-kDa protein (CC16) in 102 male and female Japanese subjects who smoked Marlboro Ultra Lights Menthol cigarettes (M4J(M); 4 mg tar and 0.3mg nicotine) at baseline. Subjects were randomized to continue smoking M4J(M), or switch to smoking either the Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System menthol cigarette (EHCSS-K6(M); 5mg tar and 0.3mg nicotine) or the Lark One menthol cigarette (Lark1(M); 1mg tar and 0.1mg nicotine), or to no-smoking. The mean decreases from baseline to Day 5/6 were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) for exposure to 10 of 12 cigarette smoke HPHC including the primary endpoint (carbon monoxide) and urinary excretion of mutagenic material in the EHCSS-K6(M) group (-12.3% to -83.4%). Smaller, but statistically significant reductions (p ≤ 0.05) occurred in the Lark1(M) group (-3.3% to -35.2%), with the exception of urinary mutagens. The largest mean reductions (all p ≤ 0.05) in exposure to cigarette smoke HPHC and excretion of mutagenic material occurred in the no-smoking group (-1.4% to -93.6%). Serum CC16, an indicator of lung epithelial injury, was not significantly different between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Tricker
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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