1
|
Signoretti C, Matsumura S, Fatehi S, D'Silva M, Mathew R, Cendali F, D'Alessandro A, Alam SMS, Garcia V, Miano JM, Gupte SA. G6pdN126D Variant Increases the Risk of Developing VEGFR (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor) Blocker-Induced Pulmonary Vascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024:e035174. [PMID: 39291493 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.035174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and pulmonary hypertension-associated vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated the role of an X-linked G6pd mutation (N126D polymorphism), which is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals from sub-Saharan Africa and many others with African ancestry, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension induced by a vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor blocker used for treating cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing was used to generate the G6pd variant (N126D; G6pdN126D) in rats. A single dose of the vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor blocker sugen-5416 (SU; 20 mg/kg in DMSO), which is currently in a Phase 2/3 clinical trial for cancer treatment, was subcutaneously injected into G6pdN126D rats and their wild-type littermates. After 8 weeks of normoxic conditions, right ventricular pressure and hypertrophy, pulmonary artery remodeling, the metabolic profile, and cytokine expression were assessed. Right ventricular pressure and pulmonary arterial wall thickness were increased in G6PDN126D+SU/normoxic rats. Simultaneously, levels of oxidized glutathione, inositol triphosphate, and intracellular Ca2+ were increased in the lungs of G6PDN126D+SU/normoxic rats, whereas nitric oxide was decreased. Also increased in G6PDN126D+SU/normoxic rats were pulmonary levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines CCL3 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand), CCL5, and CCL7. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest G6PDN126D increases inositol triphosphate-Ca2+ signaling, inflammation, thrombosis, and hypertrophic pulmonary artery remodeling in SU-treated rats. This suggests an increased risk of vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor blocker-induced pulmonary hypertension in those carrying this G6PD variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| | - Samuel Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| | - Melinee D'Silva
- Department of Pharmacology New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| | - Rajamma Mathew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Physiology New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| | - Francesca Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - S M Shafiqul Alam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (PMI) New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| | - Joseph M Miano
- Department of Medicine Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Augusta GA USA
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan G, Juan C, Mao Y, Xue G, Fang Z. Inhibition of DLL4/Notch Signaling Pathway Promotes M2 Polarization and Cell Proliferation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37923-37933. [PMID: 39281910 PMCID: PMC11391436 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to identify key genes and pathways associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and investigated the role of delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in PAH pathogenesis. Through integrated analysis of multiple data sets, we identified 6 candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs), notably DLL4, which showed the highest distinguishing efficiency between PAH and control samples. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed the involvement of DLL4 in critical biological processes and pathways related to PAH, including notch signaling, immune cell function, and inflammatory responses. Further investigation demonstrated that decreased DLL4 expression correlated with increased M2 macrophage polarization, suggesting a potential role for DLL4 in preventing M2 differentiation. Additionally, the DLL4/Notch1 axis was found to influence the Notch profile and regulate signaling mediators during M2 differentiation. These findings highlight DLL4 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for PAH, shedding light on the underlying molecular mechanisms and providing insights for the development of novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Tan
- Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214045, China
| | - Chenxia Juan
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Liu Y, Zhang H, Shi X, Luo Y, Fu G, Zhao C, Guo L, Li X, Shan L. Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with hypoxia pulmonary hypertension. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113028. [PMID: 39226824 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a serious disease. Emerging studies have shown that M2 macrophages play an essential role in pulmonary hypertension; however, their mechanism of action is uncertain. METHODS Four GEO datasets were downloaded. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the limma package. Simultaneously, the Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to get the information about M2 macrophage-related modules. Potential key genes were obtained by intersecting DEGs with M2 macrophage-related module genes (M2MRGs), and finally the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Rats were exposed to hypoxia condition (10 % O2) for 4 weeks to induce PH. Subsequently, potential key genes with AUC>0.7 were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot using normoxia and hypoxia rat lungs. We knocked down EPHA3 in Raw264.7 cells and detected the protein expression of M2 macrophage markers including arginase 1 (ARG1) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), phospho-protein kinase B (P-Akt), and protein kinase B (Akt) to explore the downstream pathways of EPHA3. RESULTS Seven potential hub genes were detected by intersecting M2MRGs and DEGs. Six genes with AUC values above 0.7 were used for further exploration. The expression of EPHA3 mRNA and protein was significantly more upregulated in rats with hypoxia than in rats with normoxia. The expression levels of IL10, ARG1, and P-Akt/Akt decreased after knocking down EPHA3. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the activation of the P-Akt/Akt signaling pathway promoted by EPHA3 played an essential role in the progression of pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Gaoge Fu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Churong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Lixuan Guo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang Y, Yang S, Lin M, Long J, Lin Y, Liang J, Ai Q, Chen N. CC chemokines Modulate Immune responses in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Adv Res 2024; 63:171-186. [PMID: 37926143 PMCID: PMC11380027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a progressive condition characterized by the remodeling of pulmonary arteries, ultimately culminating in right heart failure and increased mortality rates. Substantial evidence has elucidated the pivotal role of perivascular inflammatory factors and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of PH. Chemokines, a class of small secreted proteins, exert precise control over immune cell recruitment and functionality, particularly with respect to their migration to sites of inflammation. Consequently, chemokines emerge as critical drivers facilitating immune cell infiltration into the pulmonary tissue during inflammatory responses. This review comprehensively examines the significant contributions of CC chemokines in the maintenance of immune cell homeostasis and their pivotal role in regulating inflammatory responses. The central focus of this discussion is directed towards elucidating the precise immunoregulatory actions of CC chemokines concerning various immune cell types, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, particularly in the context of pH processes. Furthermore, this paper delves into an exploration of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms that underpin the development of PH. Specifically, it investigates processes such as cellular pyroptosis, examines the intricate crosstalk between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutations and the immune response, and sheds light on key signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. These aspects are deemed critical in enhancing our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of PH. Moreover, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of findings from experimental investigations targeting immune cells and CC chemokines. AIM OF REVIEW In summary, the inquiry into the inflammatory responses mediated by CC chemokines and their corresponding receptors, and their potential in modulating immune reactions, holds promise as a prospective avenue for addressing PH. The potential inhibition of CC chemokines and their receptors stands as a viable strategy to attenuate the inflammatory cascade and ameliorate the pathological manifestations of PH. Nonetheless, it is essential to acknowledge the current state of clinical trials and the ensuing progress, which regrettably appears to be less than encouraging. Substantial hurdles exist in the successful translation of research findings into clinical applications. The intention is that such emphasis could potentially foster the advancement of potent therapeutic agents presently in the process of clinical evaluation. This, in turn, may further bolster the potential for effective management of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuan M, Liu T, Cai A, Zhan Z, Cheng Y, Wang Q, Xia Y, Shen N, Huang P, Zou X. Emerging connectivity of programmed cell death pathways and pulmonary vascular remodelling during pulmonary hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70003. [PMID: 39153207 PMCID: PMC11330287 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic progressive vascular disease characterized by abnormal pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure. The major structural alteration during PH is pulmonary vascular remodelling, which is mainly caused by the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary vascular cells. Previously, it was thought that apoptosis was the only type of programmed cell death (PCD). Soon afterward, other types of PCD have been identified, including autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis. In this review, we summarize the role of the above five forms of PCD in mediating pulmonary vascular remodelling, and discuss their guiding significance for PH treatment. The current review could provide a better understanding of the correlation between PCD and pulmonary vascular remodelling, contributing to identify new PCD-associated drug targets for PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐nan Yuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ting Liu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - An‐qi Cai
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zibo Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yi‐li Cheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qi‐yue Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yu‐xuan Xia
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Nong‐er Shen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiao‐zhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pei J, Zhang J, Yu C, Luo J, Wen S, Hua Y, Wei G. Transcriptomics-based exploration of shared M1-type macrophage-related biomarker in acute kidney injury after kidney transplantation and acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2024; 85:102066. [PMID: 38815767 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage type 1 (M1) cells are associated with both acute kidney injury (AKI) during kidney transplantation and acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation. Our study explored M1-related biomarkers involved in both AKI and AR and their potential biological functions. METHODS Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the immune cell infiltration levels and differentially expressed genes were examined in AKI and AR in the kidney transplantation; M1-related genes shared in AKI and AR were identified using weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) system. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and machine learning methods to identify Hub genes and construct diagnostic models. Both AKI model and AR rat models were built to validate the expressions of Hub genes and test the injury phenotype, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory factors. Finally, the transcription factor (TF)-Hub gene and micro-RNA (miRNA)-Hub gene regulatory networks were constructed based on identified Hub genes. RESULTS Out of 2167 differential expression genes (DEGs) in AKI and 2100 DEGs in AR, four M1-related Hub genes were obtained by PPI networks and machine learning methods, namely GBP2, TYROBP, CCR5, and TLR8. The calibration curves in the nomogram diagnostic model for these four Hub genes suggested the same predictive probability as an ideal model for AKI and AR after kidney transplantation (AUC values of the area under the ROC curve were all >0.7). The same observations were confirmed in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and AR rat models by identifying common four Hub genes (GBP2, TYROBP, TLR8, and CCR5). Western blots showed that these four Hub genes were significantly different in rat models of IRI and AR (all p<0.05). Compared with the control group, IRI and AR groups showed aggravated histopathological damage and increased secretion of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory factors in rat kidneys (all p<0.05). Finally, TF-Hub and miRNA-Hub gene regulatory networks were constructed to provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of Hub genes. CONCLUSION We identified four macrophage M1-related Hub genes shared among AKI and AR after kidney transplantation. These genes may be considered for diagnosis of AKI and AR after kidney transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjun Yu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Li X, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Sun L. Immunotherapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From the Pathogenesis to Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8427. [PMID: 39125996 PMCID: PMC11313500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease, which may lead to severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. As one of the main PH disease groups, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction. Increased pulmonary artery resistance consequently causes right heart failure, which is the major reason for morbidity and mortality in this disease. Although various treatment strategies have been available, the poor clinical prognosis of patients with PAH reminds us that further studies of the pathological mechanism of PAH are still needed. Inflammation has been elucidated as relevant to the initiation and progression of PAH, and plays a crucial and functional role in vascular remodeling. Many immune cells and cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the pulmonary vascular lesions in PAH patients, with the activation of downstream signaling pathways related to inflammation. Consistently, this influence has been found to correlate with the progression and clinical outcome of PAH, indicating that immunity and inflammation may have significant potential in PAH therapy. Therefore, we reviewed the pathogenesis of inflammation and immunity in PAH development, focusing on the potential targets and clinical application of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He X, Wu Z, Jiang J, Xu W, Yuan A, Liao F, Ding S, Pu J. Urolithin A Protects against Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Inhibiting Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Pyroptosis via AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8246. [PMID: 39125817 PMCID: PMC11311380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies confirmed that pyroptosis is involved in the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH), which could promote pulmonary artery remodeling. Urolithin A (UA), an intestinal flora metabolite of ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), has been proven to possess inhibitory effects on pyroptosis under various pathological conditions. However, its role on PH remained undetermined. To investigate the potential of UA in mitigating PH, mice were exposed to hypoxia (10% oxygen, 4 weeks) to induce PH, with or without UA treatment. Moreover, in vitro experiments were carried out to further uncover the underlying mechanisms. The in vivo treatment of UA suppressed the progression of PH via alleviating pulmonary remodeling. Pyroptosis-related genes were markedly upregulated in mice models of PH and reversed after the administration of UA. In accordance with that, UA treatment significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) pyroptosis via the AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Our results revealed that UA treatment effectively mitigated PH progression through inhibiting PASMC pyroptosis, which represents an innovative therapeutic approach for PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie He
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Zhinan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Jinyao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Wenyi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Ancai Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, Punan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; (X.H.); (Z.W.); (J.J.); (W.X.); (A.Y.); (F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang M, Bi W, Zhang Z. Identification and validation of CCL5 as a key gene in HIV infection and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1417701. [PMID: 39119185 PMCID: PMC11306045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1417701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has garnered significant scrutiny. Individuals with HIV infection have a higher risk of developing PAH. However, the specific mechanism of HIV-associated PAH remains unclear. Our study aims at investigating the shared biomarkers in HIV infection and PAH and predicting the potential therapeutic target for HIV-associated PAH. Methods Data for HIV infection and PAH were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was performed to detect shared genes in HIV infection and PAH. Enrichment analysis was conducted to identify the function of common DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was used to detect key genes. These crucial genes were subsequently verified by RT-qPCR. Finally, candidate drugs were identified by using the Drug Signatures Database (DSigDB). Results Nineteen common DEGs were identified in HIV infection and PAH. Enrichment analysis exhibited that the functions of these genes were mainly enriched in inflammatory responses, mainly including cellular immunity and interaction between viral proteins and cytokines. By constructing PPI networks, we identified the key gene CC-type chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and we verified that CCL5 was highly expressed in hypoxia induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs) and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). In addition, we predicted 10 potential drugs targeting CCL5 by Autodock Vina. Conclusion This study revealed that CCL5 might be a common biomarker of HIV infection and PAH and provided a new therapeutic target for HIV-associated PAH. However, further clinical validation is still indispensable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Bi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Frantz RP, McLaughlin VV, Sahay S, Escribano Subías P, Zolty RL, Benza RL, Channick RN, Chin KM, Hemnes AR, Howard LS, Sitbon O, Vachiéry JL, Zamanian RT, Cravets M, Roscigno RF, Mottola D, Osterhout R, Bruey JM, Elman E, Tompkins CA, Parsley E, Aranda R, Zisman LS, Ghofrani HA. Seralutinib in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (TORREY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024; 12:523-534. [PMID: 38705167 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain high. Activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, and mast or stem cell growth factor receptor kinases stimulates inflammatory, proliferative, and fibrotic pathways driving pulmonary vascular remodelling in PAH. Seralutinib, an inhaled kinase inhibitor, targets these pathways. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of seralutinib in patients with PAH receiving standard background therapy. METHODS The TORREY trial was a phase 2, randomised, multicentre, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with PAH from 40 hospital and community sites were randomly assigned 1:1 via interactive response technologies to receive seralutinib (60 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then increased to 90 mg twice daily as tolerated) or placebo by dry powder inhaler twice daily for 24 weeks. Randomisation was stratified by baseline pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; <800 dyne·s/cm5 and ≥800 dyne·s/cm5). Patients were eligible if classified as WHO Group 1 PH (PAH), WHO Functional Class II or III, with a PVR of 400 dyne·s/cm5 or more, and a 6 min walk distance of between 150 m and 550 m. The primary endpoint was change in PVR from baseline to 24 weeks. Analyses for efficacy endpoints were conducted in randomly assigned patients (intention-to-treat population). Safety analyses included all patients who received the study drug. TORREY was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04456998) and EudraCT (2019-002669-37) and is completed. FINDINGS From Nov 12, 2020, to April 20, 2022, 151 patients were screened for eligibility, and following exclusions, 86 adults receiving PAH background therapy were randomly assigned to seralutinib (n=44; four male, 40 female) or placebo (n=42; four male, 38 female), and comprised the intention-to-treat population. At baseline, treatment groups were balanced except for a higher representation of WHO Functional Class II patients in the seralutinib group. The least squares mean change from baseline to week 24 in PVR was 21·2 dyne·s/cm5 (95% CI -37·4 to 79·8) for the placebo group and -74·9 dyne·s/cm5 (-139·7 to -10·2) for the seralutinib group. The least squares mean difference between the seralutinib and placebo groups for change in PVR was -96·1 dyne·s/cm5 (95% CI -183·5 to -8·8; p=0·03). The most common treatment-emergent adverse event in both treatment groups was cough: 16 (38%) of 42 patients in the placebo group; 19 (43%) of 44 patients in the seralutinib group. INTERPRETATION Treatment with inhaled seralutinib significantly decreased PVR, meeting the primary endpoint of the study among patients receiving background therapy for PAH. FUNDING Gossamer Bio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Frantz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Vallerie V McLaughlin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Sahay
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pilar Escribano Subías
- Department of Cardiology, CIBERCV, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronald L Zolty
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raymond L Benza
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard N Channick
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly M Chin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vachiéry
- Department of Cardiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; HUB-Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany; Institute for Lung Health, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamamura A, Fujiwara M, Kawade A, Amano T, Hossain A, Nayeem MJ, Kondo R, Suzuki Y, Inoue Y, Hayashi H, Suzuki S, Sato M, Yamamura H. Corosolic acid attenuates platelet-derived growth factor signaling in macrophages and smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176564. [PMID: 38614383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease that is characterized by vascular remodeling of the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is primarily caused by the excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which are facilitated by perivascular inflammatory cells including macrophages. Corosolic acid (CRA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the effects of CRA on the viability of macrophages were examined using monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Although we previously reported that CRA inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms were investigated using PASMCs from idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients. In MCT-PAH rats, CRA inhibited the accumulation of macrophages around remodeled pulmonary arteries. CRA reduced the viability of human monocyte-derived macrophages. In IPAH-PASMCs, CRA attenuated cell proliferation and migration facilitated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB released from macrophages and PASMCs. CRA also downregulated the expression of PDGF receptor β and its signaling pathways, STAT3 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In addition, CRA attenuated the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor β and STAT3 following the PDGF-BB simulation. The expression and phosphorylation levels of PDGF receptor β after the PDGF-BB stimulation were reduced by the small interfering RNA knockdown of NF-κB, but not STAT3, in IPAH-PASMCs. In conclusion, CRA attenuated the PDGF-PDGF receptor β-STAT3 and PDGF-PDGF receptor β-NF-κB signaling axis in macrophages and PASMCs, and thus, ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Moe Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawade
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Amano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Md Junayed Nayeem
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Ma S, Wang Q, Li Y, Ji X, Liu J, Ma J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Chen H, Xi L, Zhang Y, Xie W, Sun L, Fu Z, Yang P, Wang C, Zhai Z. A new integrative analysis of histopathology and single cell RNA-seq reveals the CCL5 mediated T and NK cell interaction with vascular cells in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Transl Med 2024; 22:502. [PMID: 38797830 PMCID: PMC11129488 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and dysregulated immunity play vital roles in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), while the mechanisms that initiate and promote these processes are unclear. METHODS Transcriptomic data of lung tissues from IPAH patients and controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and functional enrichment analysis were combined with a hemodynamically-related histopathological score to identify inflammation-associated hub genes in IPAH. The monocrotaline-induced rat model of pulmonary hypertension was utilized to confirm the expression pattern of these hub genes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were used to identify the hub gene-expressing cell types and their intercellular interactions. RESULTS Through an extensive bioinformatics analysis, CXCL9, CCL5, GZMA and GZMK were identified as hub genes that distinguished IPAH patients from controls. Among these genes, pulmonary expression levels of Cxcl9, Ccl5 and Gzma were elevated in monocrotaline-exposed rats. Further investigation revealed that only CCL5 and GZMA were highly expressed in T and NK cells, where CCL5 mediated T and NK cell interaction with endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts through multiple receptors. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a new inflammatory pathway in IPAH, where T and NK cells drove heightened inflammation predominantly via the upregulation of CCL5, providing groundwork for the development of targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yishan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jixiang Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Ma
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongbing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Linfeng Xi
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wanmu Xie
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lu Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghouleh IA, Rocha AP, Goncharova EA. New Kid on the Block: GLI1+ Cells and Pulmonary Arterioles Neomuscularization. Circ Res 2024; 134:1402-1404. [PMID: 38781304 PMCID: PMC11125530 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Imad Al Ghouleh
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andres Pulgarin Rocha
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar R, Kumar S, Mickael C, Fonseca Balladares D, Nolan K, Lee MH, Sanders L, Nilsson J, Molofsky AB, Tuder RM, Stenmark KR, Graham BB. Interstitial macrophage phenotypes in Schistosoma-induced pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372957. [PMID: 38779688 PMCID: PMC11109442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) worldwide. Type 2 inflammation contributes to the development of Schistosoma-induced PH. Specifically, interstitial macrophages (IMs) derived from monocytes play a pivotal role by producing thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which in turn activates TGF-β, thereby driving the pathology of PH. Resident and recruited IM subpopulations have recently been identified. We hypothesized that in Schistosoma-PH, one IM subpopulation expresses monocyte recruitment factors, whereas recruited monocytes become a separate IM subpopulation that expresses TSP-1. Methods Mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and then intravenously challenged with S. mansoni eggs. Flow cytometry on lungs and blood was performed on wildtype and reporter mice to identify IM subpopulations and protein expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was performed on flow-sorted IMs from unexposed and at day 1, 3 and 7 following Schistosoma exposure to complement flow cytometry based IM characterization and identify gene expression. Results Flow cytometry and scRNAseq both identified 3 IM subpopulations, characterized by CCR2, MHCII, and FOLR2 expression. Following Schistosoma exposure, the CCR2+ IM subpopulation expanded, suggestive of circulating monocyte recruitment. Schistosoma exposure caused increased monocyte-recruitment ligand CCL2 expression in the resident FOLR2+ IM subpopulation. In contrast, the vascular pathology-driving protein TSP-1 was greatest in the CCR2+ IM subpopulation. Conclusion Schistosoma-induced PH involves crosstalk between IM subpopulations, with increased expression of monocyte recruitment ligands by resident FOLR2+ IMs, and the recruitment of CCR2+ IMs which express TSP-1 that activates TGF-β and causes PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dara Fonseca Balladares
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Nolan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael H. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Linda Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julia Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ari B. Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bahi M, Li C, Wang G, Korman BD. Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bedside to Bench and Back Again. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4728. [PMID: 38731946 PMCID: PMC11084945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis which affects the skin and internal organs. One key aspect of SSc vasculopathy is pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) which represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SSc. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is complex, with multiple vascular cell types, inflammation, and intracellular signaling pathways contributing to vascular pathology and remodeling. In this review, we focus on shared molecular features of pulmonary hypertension and those which make SSc-PAH a unique entity. We highlight advances in the understanding of the clinical and translational science pertinent to this disease. We first review clinical presentations and phenotypes, pathology, and novel biomarkers, and then highlight relevant animal models, key cellular and molecular pathways in pathogenesis, and explore emerging treatment strategies in SSc-PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin D. Korman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 695, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zuo Y, Li B, Gao M, Xiong R, He R, Li N, Geng Q. Novel insights and new therapeutic potentials for macrophages in pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2024; 25:147. [PMID: 38555425 PMCID: PMC10981837 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages, are both involved in inflammatory processes related to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances suggest that macrophages coordinate interactions among different proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and other cellular components such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including the origin of pulmonary macrophages and their response to triggers of pulmonary hypertension. We then discuss the interactions among macrophages, cytokines, and vascular adventitial fibroblasts in pulmonary hypertension, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophages in this disease. Identifying the critical role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this pathophysiological abnormality, and may provide new perspectives for pulmonary hypertension management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao H, Song J, Li X, Xia Z, Wang Q, Fu J, Miao Y, Wang D, Wang X. The role of immune cells and inflammation in pulmonary hypertension: mechanisms and implications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374506. [PMID: 38529271 PMCID: PMC10962924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a malignant disease with progressive increase of pulmonary vascular pressure, which eventually leads to right heart failure. More and more evidences show that immune cells and inflammation play an important role in the occurrence and development of PH. In the context of pulmonary vascular diseases, immune cells migrate into the walls of the pulmonary vascular system. This leads to an increase in the levels of cytokines and chemokines in both the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues of the pulmonary vessels. As a result, new approaches such as immunotherapy and anti-inflammatory treatments are being considered as potential strategies to halt or potentially reverse the progression of PH. We reviewed the potential mechanisms of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines in PH development. The potential relationship of vascular cells or bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) in immune regulation was also expounded. The clinical application and future prospect of immunotherapy were further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Limb Trauma, Wendeng Orthopaedic Hospital of Shandong Province, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Medicine, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xia
- Department of Library, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Library, Jinan Children's Hospital, Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Department of Limb Trauma, Wendeng Orthopaedic Hospital of Shandong Province, Weihai, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao L, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Zhao Q, Yang T, Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Huang Z, Duan A, Luo Q, Liu Z. Role of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index in Predicting Disease Severity and Prognosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:447-460. [PMID: 38282710 PMCID: PMC10812137 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s434720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mounting evidence indicates a possible connection between the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and the prognosis of heart failure, but its role in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SIRI and variables such as functional ability, echocardiography results, hemodynamic measurements, and long-term outcomes in patients with IPAH. Methods The study included 426 consecutive IPAH patients who underwent right heart catheterization at Fuwai Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020. SIRI was calculated using composite inflammation indicators from routine blood tests. The main outcome measure was clinical deterioration. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess associations between SIRI and indicators of IPAH severity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the optimal SIRI threshold and predictive ability. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the relationship between SIRI and clinical deterioration. Results SIRI showed positive associations with indicators such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter, pericardial effusion, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Conversely, SIRI had inverse relationships with 6-minute walking distance and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significantly higher rate of clinical deterioration in individuals with SIRI > 0.741 compared to those with SIRI ≤ 0.741 (P < 0.001). Adjusted Cox analysis showed SIRI remained an independent predictor of clinical worsening (hazard ratio 1.366, 95% confidence interval 1.073-1.738, P = 0.011). ROC analysis demonstrated SIRI provided additional predictive value beyond the risk assessment score of the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society. Discussion In summary, SIRI could predict the severity and prognosis of IPAH independently. It was associated with various indicators of IPAH severity and was a significant predictor of clinical deterioration. SIRI also offered additional predictive value beyond existing risk assessment scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Gao
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qixian Zeng
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anqi Duan
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guo L, Wang L, Qin G, Zhang J, Peng J, Li L, Chen X, Wang D, Qiu J, Wang E. M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates the progression of right ventricle failure by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. J Transl Med 2023; 21:888. [PMID: 38062516 PMCID: PMC10702013 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricle failure (RVF) is a progressive heart disease that has yet to be fully understood at the molecular level. Elevated M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates heart failure, but detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We observed changes in PKM2 tetramerization levels during the progression of right heart failure and in vitro cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explored the causal relationship between altered PKM2 tetramerization and the imbalance of redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Ultimately, our goal was to propose rational intervention strategies for the treatment of RVF. METHOD We established RVF in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). The pulmonary artery pressure and right heart function of rats were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography combined with right heart catheterization. TEPP-46 was used both in vivo and in vitro to promote PKM2 tetramerization. RESULTS We observed that oxidative stress and mitochondrial disorganization were associated with increased apoptosis in the right ventricular tissue of RVF rats. Quantitative proteomics revealed that PKM2 was upregulated during RVF and negatively correlated with the cardiac function. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization promoted mitochondrial network formation and alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, enhancing PKM2 tetramer formation improved cardiac mitochondrial morphology, mitigated oxidative stress and alleviated heart failure. CONCLUSION Disruption of PKM2 tetramerization contributed to RVF by inducing mitochondrial fragmentation, accumulating ROS, and finally promoted the progression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization holds potential as a promising therapeutic approach for RVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang M, Ge H, Ji S, Li Y, Xu L, Bi Z, Bu B. TWEAK and Fn14 are overexpressed in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: implications for muscle damage and repair. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3732-3741. [PMID: 36916753 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its sole receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) are involved in various inflammatory conditions. This study was performed to investigate the potential role of TWEAK/Fn14 in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). METHODS Muscle biopsies from patients with IMNM (n = 37) and controls (n = 11) were collected. Human muscle cells were treated with TWEAK in vitro. Muscle biopsies and cultured muscle cells were analysed by immunostaining and quantitative PCR. Serum levels of TWEAK and Fn14 were detected by ELISA. RESULTS TWEAK and Fn14 were overexpressed in IMNM muscle biopsies. The percentage of Fn14-positive myofibers correlated with disease severity, myonecrosis, regeneration and inflammation infiltrates. Fn14-positive myofibers tended to be surrounded or invaded by CD68+ macrophages. TWEAK treatment had a harmful effect on cultured muscle cells by inducing the production of multiple chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Serum Fn14 levels were increased in patients with IMNM and correlated with muscle weakness. CONCLUSIONS TWEAK/Fn14 signalling was activated in IMNM, most likely aggravating muscle damage via amplifying inflammatory response and macrophages chemotaxis. Fn14 seems to be a biomarker for assessing disease severity in IMNM. In addition, Fn14 may also contribute to muscle injury repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huizhen Ge
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suqiong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuajin Bi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bitao Bu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pakhomov NV, Kostyunina DS, Macori G, Dillon E, Brady T, Sundaramoorthy G, Connolly C, Blanco A, Fanning S, Brennan L, McLoughlin P, Baugh JA. High-Soluble-Fiber Diet Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Remodeling and the Development of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:2372-2385. [PMID: 37851762 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is a difficult disease to manage that is characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure due to vasoconstriction, perivascular inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Consumption of soluble-fiber is associated with lower systemic blood pressure, but little is known about its ability to affect the pulmonary circulation. METHODS Mice were fed either a low- or high-soluble-fiber diet (0% or 16.9% inulin) and then exposed to hypoxia (FiO2, 0.10) for 21 days to induce pulmonary hypertension. The impact of diet on right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance was determined in vivo or in ex vivo isolated lungs, respectively, and correlated with alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, pulmonary inflammatory cell phenotype, and lung proteome. RESULTS High-soluble-fiber diet increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, with parallel increases in plasma propionate levels, and reduced the abundance of disease-related bacterial genera such as Staphylococcus, Clostridioides, and Streptococcus in hypoxic mice with parallel decreases in plasma levels of p-cresol sulfate. High-soluble-fiber diet decreased hypoxia-induced elevations of right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. These changes were associated with reduced proportions of interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells, and nonclassical monocytes. Whole-lung proteomics revealed proteins and molecular pathways that may explain the effect of soluble-fiber supplementation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that a high-soluble-fiber diet attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension in a mouse model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and highlights diet-derived metabolites that may have an immuno-modulatory role in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Pakhomov
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - Daria S Kostyunina
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - Guerrino Macori
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.M., S.F.)
| | - Eugene Dillon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (E.D., A.B.)
| | - Tara Brady
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - Geetha Sundaramoorthy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.S., C.C., L.B.)
| | - Claire Connolly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.S., C.C., L.B.)
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (E.D., A.B.)
| | - Séamus Fanning
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.M., S.F.)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (G.S., C.C., L.B.)
| | - Paul McLoughlin
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| | - John A Baugh
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland (N.V.P., D.S.K., T.B., P.M., J.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin P, Gao R, Fang Z, Yang W, Tang Z, Wang Q, Wu Y, Fang J, Yu W. Precise nanodrug delivery systems with cell-specific targeting for ALI/ARDS treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123321. [PMID: 37591476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common acute and critical diseases in clinics and have no effective treatment to date. With the concept of "precision medicine", research into the precise drug delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic drugs has become a frontier in nanomedicine research and has entered the era of design of precise nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) with cell-specific targeting. Owing to the distinctive characteristics of ALI/ARDS, designing NDDSs for specific focal sites is an important strategy for changing drug distribution in the body and specifically increasing drug concentration at target sites while decreasing drug concentration at non-target sites. This strategy enhances drug efficacy, reduces adverse reactions, and ensures accurate nano-targeted treatment. On the basis of the characteristics of pathological ALI/ARDS microenvironments, this paper reviews NDDSs targeting vascular endothelial cells, neutrophils, alveolar macrophages, and alveolar epithelial cells to provide reference for designing accurate NDDSs for ALI/ARDS and novel insights into targeted treatments for ALI/ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhengyu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yueguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Wenying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Surachetpong SD. Perivascular inflammatory cells and their association with pulmonary arterial remodelling in dogs with pulmonary hypertension due to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1505-1521. [PMID: 36976445 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), may occur in dogs affected with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Recent studies suggest that an accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells may be involved with medial thickening which is a sign of the pulmonary artery remodelling in PH. The aim of this study was to characterise perivascular inflammatory cells in the surrounding pulmonary arteries of dogs with PH due to MMVD compared to MMVD dogs and healthy control dogs. Nineteen lung samples were collected from cadavers of small-breed dogs (control n = 5; MMVD n = 7; MMVD + PH n = 7). Toluidine blue stain and multiple IHC targeting α-SMA, vWF, CD20, CD68 and CD3 was performed to examine intimal and medial thickening, assess muscularisation of the small pulmonary arteries and characterise perivascular leucocytes. Medial thickening without intimal thickening of pulmonary arteries and muscularisation of normally non-muscularised small pulmonary arteries was observed in the MMVD and MMVD + PH groups compared with the control group. The perivascular numbers of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly increased in the MMVD + PH group compared with the MMVD and control groups. In contrast, the perivascular number of mast cells was significantly higher in the MMVD group compared with the MMVD + PH and control groups. This study suggested that pulmonary artery remodelling as medial thickening and muscularisation of the normally non-muscular small pulmonary arteries is accompanied by the accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pullamsetti SS, Sitapara R, Osterhout R, Weiss A, Carter LL, Zisman LS, Schermuly RT. Pharmacology and Rationale for Seralutinib in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12653. [PMID: 37628831 PMCID: PMC10454154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and a consequent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The histologic hallmarks of PAH include plexiform and neointimal lesions of the pulmonary arterioles, which are composed of dysregulated, apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) α and β, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) are closely related kinases that have been implicated in PAH progression. In addition, emerging data indicate significant crosstalk between PDGF signaling and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)/transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor axis. This review will discuss the importance of the PDGFR-CSF1R-c-KIT signaling network in PAH pathogenesis, present evidence that the inhibition of all three nodes in this kinase network is a potential therapeutic approach for PAH, and highlight the therapeutic potential of seralutinib, currently in development for PAH, which targets these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Lung Vascular Epigenetics, Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Astrid Weiss
- UGMLC Pulmonale Pharmakotherapie, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg (BFS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun Z, Chen A, Fang H, Sun D, Huang M, Cheng E, Luo M, Zhang X, Fang H, Qian G. B cell-derived IL-10 promotes the resolution of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:418. [PMID: 37443161 PMCID: PMC10345008 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation resolution is critical for acute lung injury (ALI) recovery. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory factor. However, its role in ALI resolution remains unclear. We investigated the effects of IL-10 during the ALI resolution process in a murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model. Blockade of IL-10 signaling aggravates LPS-induced lung injury, as manifested by elevated pro-inflammatory factors production and increased neutrophils recruitment to the lung. Thereafter, we used IL-10 GFP reporter mice to discern the source cell of IL-10 during ALI. We found that IL-10 is predominantly generated by B cells during the ALI recovery process. Furthermore, we used IL-10-specific loss in B-cell mice to elucidate the effect of B-cell-derived IL-10 on the ALI resolution process. IL-10-specific loss in B cells leads to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, persistent leukocyte infiltration, and prolonged alveolar barrier damage. Mechanistically, B cell-derived IL-10 inhibits the activation and recruitment of macrophages and downregulates the production of chemokine KC that recruits neutrophils to the lung. Moreover, we found that IL-10 deletion in B cells leads to alterations in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. In addition, an exogenous supply of IL-10 promotes recovery from LPS-induced ALI, and IL-10-secreting B cells are present in sepsis-related ARDS. This study highlights that B cell-derived IL-10 is critical for the resolution of LPS-induced ALI and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anning Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erdeng Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guojun Qian
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang CY, Wu LW, Liu YW, Feng B, Ye LC, Huang X, He YY, Shen Y, Zhu YF, Zhou XL, Jiang DJ, Qi HK, Zhang H, Yan Y. Identification of ACKR4 as an immune checkpoint in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153573. [PMID: 37449198 PMCID: PMC10337759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation is recognized as a contributor in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and the recruitment and functional capacity of immune cells are well-orchestrated by chemokines and their receptors. This study is aimed at identification of critical chemokines in the progression of PAH via transcriptomic analysis. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from lungs of PAH patients were achieved compared to controls based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied for functional annotation and pathway enrichement. The abundance of immune cells was estimated by the xCell algorithm. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a gene expression network, based on which a diagnostic model was generated to determine its accuracy to distinguish PAH from control subjects. Target genes were then validated in lung of hypoxia-induce pulmonary hypertension (PH) mouse model. Results ACKR4 (atypical chemokine receptor 4) was downregulated in PAH lung tissues in multiple datasets. PAH relevant biological functions and pathways were enriched in patients with low-ACKR4 level according to GSEA enrichment analysis. Immuno-infiltration analysis revealed a negative correlation of activated dendritic cells, Th1 and macrophage infiltration with ACKR4 expression. Three gene modules were associated with PAH via WGCNA analysis, and a model for PAH diagnosis was generated using CXCL12, COL18A1 and TSHZ2, all of which correlated with ACKR4. The ACKR4 expression was also downregulated in lung tissues of our experimental PH mice compared to that of controls. Conclusions The reduction of ACKR4 in lung tissues of human PAH based on transcriptomic data is consistent with the alteration observed in our rodent PH. The correlation with immune cell infiltration and functional annotation indicated that ACKR4 might serve as a protective immune checkpoint for PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Feng
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Cai Ye
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Liang Zhou
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Ji Jiang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Kun Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang H, Li QW, Li YY, Tang X, Gu L, Liu HM. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1189195. [PMID: 37350962 PMCID: PMC10282836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1189195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic pulmonary vascular disorder characterized by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. The detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In recent decades, increasing evidence shows that altered immune microenvironment, comprised of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, extra-cellular matrix and signaling molecules, might induce the development of PH. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been proposed over 30 years, and the functional importance of MDSCs in the immune system is appreciated recently. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of cells that expand during cancer, chronic inflammation and infection, which have a remarkable ability to suppress T-cell responses and may exacerbate the development of diseases. Thus, targeting MDSCs has become a novel strategy to overcome immune evasion, especially in tumor immunotherapy. Nowadays, severe PH is accepted as a cancer-like disease, and MDSCs are closely related to the development and prognosis of PH. Here, we review the relationship between MDSCs and PH with respect to immune cells, cytokines, chemokines and metabolism, hoping that the key therapeutic targets of MDSCs can be identified in the treatment of PH, especially in severe PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ye Y, Xu Q, Wuren T. Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162556. [PMID: 37215139 PMCID: PMC10196112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a complicated vascular disorder characterized by diverse mechanisms that lead to elevated blood pressure in pulmonary circulation. Recent evidence indicates that HPH is not simply a pathological syndrome but is instead a complex lesion of cellular metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation driven by the reprogramming of gene expression patterns. One of the key mechanisms underlying HPH is hypoxia, which drives immune/inflammation to mediate complex vascular homeostasis that collaboratively controls vascular remodeling in the lungs. This is caused by the prolonged infiltration of immune cells and an increase in several pro-inflammatory factors, which ultimately leads to immune dysregulation. Hypoxia has been associated with metabolic reprogramming, immunological dysregulation, and adverse pulmonary vascular remodeling in preclinical studies. Many animal models have been developed to mimic HPH; however, many of them do not accurately represent the human disease state and may not be suitable for testing new therapeutic strategies. The scientific understanding of HPH is rapidly evolving, and recent efforts have focused on understanding the complex interplay among hypoxia, inflammation, and cellular metabolism in the development of this disease. Through continued research and the development of more sophisticated animal models, it is hoped that we will be able to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HPH and implement more effective therapies for this debilitating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ye
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Qiying Xu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma H, Yu Y, Mo L, Chen Q, Dong H, Xu Y, Zhuan B. Exosomal miR-663b from "M1" macrophages promotes pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction through inhibiting the AMPK/Sirt1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3549-3571. [PMID: 37142272 PMCID: PMC10449306 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory mediators from macrophages are proven to be involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, this study intends to explore the mechanism of "M1" macrophage-derived exosomal miR-663b in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) dysfunctions and pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Hypoxia-treated PASMCs were utilized for constructing an in-vitro pulmonary hypertension model. THP-1 cells were treated with PMA (320 nM) and LPS (10 μg/mL) + IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for eliciting macrophage "M1" polarization. Exosomes derived from "M1" macrophages were isolated and added into PASMCs. The proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration of PASMCs were evaluated. RT-PCR or Western blot examined the levels of miR-663b and the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. Dual luciferase activity assay and RNA pull-down assay were carried out for confirming the targeted association between miR-663b and AMPK. An in-vivo PH model was built. Macrophage-derived exosomes with miR-663b inhibition were used for treating the rats, and alterations of pulmonary histopathology were monitored. RESULTS miR-663b was obviously up-regulated in hypoxia-elicited PASMCs and M1 macrophages. miR-663b overexpression boosted hypoxia-induced proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration in PASMCs, whereas miR-663b low expression resulted in the opposite situation. AMPK was identified as a target of miR-663b, and miR-663b overexpression curbed the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. AMPK activation ameliorated the damaging impact of miR-663b overexpression and "M1" macrophage exosomes on PASMCs. In vivo, "M1" macrophage exosomes with miR-663b low expression alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension rats. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-663b from "M1" macrophage facilitates PASMC dysfunctions and PH development by dampening the AMPK/Sirt1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Lirong Mo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Dong
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Bing Zhuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yoon SH, Song MK, Kim DI, Lee JK, Jung JW, Lee JW, Lee K. Comparative study of lung toxicity of E-cigarette ingredients to investigate E-cigarette or vaping product associated lung injury. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130454. [PMID: 37055947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
No comparative study has yet been performed on the respiratory effects of individual E-cigarette ingredients. Here, lung toxicity of individual ingredients of E-cigarette products containing nicotine or tetrahydrocannabinol was investigated. Mice were intratracheally administered propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), vitamin E acetate (VEA), or nicotine individually for two weeks. Cytological and histological changes were noticed in PG- and VEA-treated mice that exhibited pathophysiological changes which were associated with symptoms seen in patients with symptoms of E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injuries (EVALI) or E-cigarette users. Compared to potential human exposure situations, while the VEA exposure condition was similar to the dose equivalent of VEA content in E-cigarettes, the PG condition was about 47-137 times higher than the dose equivalent of the daily PG intake of E-cigarette users. These results reveal that VEA exposure is much more likely to cause problems related to EVALI in humans than PG. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PG exposure was associated with fibrotic lung injury via the AKT signaling pathway and M2 macrophage polarization, and VEA exposure was associated with asthmatic airway inflammation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This study provides novel insights into the pathophysiological effects of individual ingredients of E-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hoon Yoon
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Song
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom-Kyu Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Won Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu DD, Deng Y, Liao J, Xie SS, Meng H, Lan WF. STING mediates SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by regulating macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152345. [PMID: 36780836 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages is known to promote infection-related vascular growth, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation interacts with PAH. STING is a crucial inflammatory reaction link that can increase the overexpression of NLRP3. However, the expression and effect of STING in PAH have not been elucidated. We examined the expression and articulation of STING in PAH and researched its hidden mechanism. METHODS A SU5416 plus hypoxia (Su/Hy)-induced rat model of PAH was constructed to examine STING activation. Su/Hy induced PAH rats were given a prophylactic injection of STING the inhibitor C-176. After modeling, hemodynamic changes, right ventricular hypertrophy index, lung morphological features, inflammasome activation, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion levels were assessed. In addition, the STING agonist DMXAA or inhibitor C-176 was used to interfere with LPS-induced BMDMs, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cytokine secretion were examined, and the effect on PASMCs was evaluated in a coculture system. RESULTS STING expression increased significantly in the lung tissue of Su/Hy-treated PAH rats compared with normoxia-treated rats. Moreover, STING inhibitors can alleviate the Su/Hy-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure and restrain the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro experiments confirmed that STING affected the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in BMDMs and promoted the proliferation of PASMCs in the coculture system. CONCLUSION Our study shows that STING is activated in Su/Hy-induced PAH and boosts the actuation of the macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome to advance the inflammatory response and vascular proliferation in rats with Su/Hy-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei-Fang Lan
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gu S, Goel K, Forbes LM, Kheyfets VO, Yu YRA, Tuder RM, Stenmark KR. Tensions in Taxonomies: Current Understanding and Future Directions in the Pathobiologic Basis and Treatment of Group 1 and Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4295-4319. [PMID: 36715285 PMCID: PMC10392122 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the over 100 years since the recognition of pulmonary hypertension (PH), immense progress and significant achievements have been made with regard to understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and its treatment. These advances have been mostly in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), which was classified as Group 1 Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) at the Second World Symposia on PH in 1998. However, the pathobiology of PH due to chronic lung disease, classified as Group 3 PH, remains poorly understood and its treatments thus remain limited. We review the history of the classification of the five groups of PH and aim to provide a state-of-the-art review of the understanding of the pathogenesis of Group 1 PH and Group 3 PH including insights gained from novel high-throughput omics technologies that have revealed heterogeneities within these categories as well as similarities between them. Leveraging the substantial gains made in understanding the genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of PAH to understand the full spectrum of the complex, heterogeneous disease of PH is needed. Multimodal omics data as well as supervised and unbiased machine learning approaches after careful consideration of the powerful advantages as well as of the limitations and pitfalls of these technologies could lead to earlier diagnosis, more precise risk stratification, better predictions of disease response, new sub-phenotype groupings within types of PH, and identification of shared pathways between PAH and other types of PH that could lead to new treatment targets. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4295-4319, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Gu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorodo, USA
| | - Khushboo Goel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorodo, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Forbes
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - Vitaly O. Kheyfets
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Yen-rei A. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang MQ, Wang CC, Pang XB, Shi JZ, Li HR, Xie XM, Wang Z, Zhang HD, Zhou YF, Chen JW, Han ZY, Zhao LL, He YY. Role of macrophages in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152881. [PMID: 37153557 PMCID: PMC10154553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary vascular disease characterized by progressive pulmonary artery pressure elevation, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and ultimately right heart failure. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of multiple immune cells in the development of PAH in patients with PAH and in experimental PAH. Among them, macrophages, as the predominant inflammatory cells infiltrating around PAH lesions, play a crucial role in exacerbating pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Macrophages are generally polarized into (classic) M1 and (alternative) M2 phenotypes, they accelerate the process of PAH by secreting various chemokines and growth factors (CX3CR1, PDGF). In this review we summarize the mechanisms of immune cell action in PAH, as well as the key factors that regulate the polarization of macrophages in different directions and their functional changes after polarization. We also summarize the effects of different microenvironments on macrophages in PAH. The insight into the interactions between macrophages and other cells, chemokines and growth factors may provide important clues for the development of new, safe and effective immune-targeted therapies for PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Zhuo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Mei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Da Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ji-Wang Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhi-Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| | - Lu-Ling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| | - Yang-Yang He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lai D, Zhu K, Li S, Xiao Y, Xu Q, Sun Y, Yao P, Ma D, Shu Q. SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Triggers Acute Lung Injury via Modulating Macrophage Activation and Infiltration in in vitro and in vivo. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1867-1877. [PMID: 37143821 PMCID: PMC10153437 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s405722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury but its nucleocapsid (N) and/or Spike (S) protein involvements in the disease pathology remain elusive. Methods In vitro, the cultured THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with alive SARS-CoV-2 virus at different loading dose, N protein or S protein with/without TICAM2-siRNA, TIRAP-siRNA or MyD88-siRNA. The TICAM2, TIRAP and MyD88 expression in the THP-1 cells after N protein stimulation were determined. In vivo, naïve mice or mice with depletion macrophages were injected with N protein or dead SARS-CoV-2. The macrophages in the lung were analyzed with flow cytometry, and lung sections were stained with H&E or immunohistochemistry. Culture supernatants and serum were harvested for cytokines measurements with cytometric bead array. Results Alive SARS-CoV-2 virus or N protein but not S protein induced high cytokine releases from macrophages in a time or virus loading dependent manner. MyD88 and TIRAP but not TICAM2 were highly involved in macrophage activation triggered by N protein whilst both inhibited with siRNA decreased inflammatory responses. Moreover, N protein and dead SARS-CoV-2 caused systemic inflammation, macrophage accumulation and acute lung injury in mice. Macrophage depletion in mice decreased cytokines in response to N protein. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 and its N protein but not S protein induced acute lung injury and systemic inflammation, which was closely related to macrophage activation, infiltration and release cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengming Lai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Dengming Lai, Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13567164728, Email
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Li
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qiang Shu, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13906500193, Email
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li L, Cook C, Liu Y, Li J, Jiang J, Li S. Endothelial glycocalyx in hepatopulmonary syndrome: An indispensable player mediating vascular changes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039618. [PMID: 36618396 PMCID: PMC9815560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular complication that causes respiratory insufficiency in patients with chronic liver diseases. HPS is characterized by two central pathogenic features-intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD) and angiogenesis. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) is a gel-like layer covering the luminal surface of blood vessels which is involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes including controlling vascular tone and angiogenesis. In terms of lung disorders, it has been well established that eGCX contributes to dysregulated vascular contraction and impaired blood-gas barrier and fluid clearance, and thus might underlie the pathogenesis of HPS. Additionally, pharmacological interventions targeting eGCX are dramatically on the rise. In this review, we aim to elucidate the potential role of eGCX in IPVD and angiogenesis and describe the possible degradation-reconstitution equilibrium of eGCX during HPS through a highlight of recent literature. These studies strongly underscore the therapeutic rationale in targeting eGCX for the treatment of HPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
| | - Christopher Cook
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yale Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiantao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) expression promotes diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma survival and invasion. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1377-1388. [PMID: 35851856 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) has been found to be involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and immune escape. CCR2 overexpression was first identified as a poor prognostic predictor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in our published article, but the mechanisms involved remain unknown. In this work, we collected data from another 138 patients with DLBCL data and verified the CCR2 expression level and its relationship to clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, we explored the possible mechanisms via in vitro and in vivo experiments. We showed that CCR2 overexpression was an independent prognostic marker and predicted shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with DLBCL. Blockade of CCR2 expression with a CCR2 antagonist inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis ability in vitro by affecting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, administration of a CCR2 antagonist decreased tumor growth and dissemination of DLBCL cells and increased survival time in the xenograft model. Our study demonstrates that CCR2 expression plays an important role in the development of DLBCL by stimulating cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis. Therefore, the inhibition of CCR2 may be a potential target for anticancer therapy in DLBCL.
Collapse
|
38
|
Galkin A, Sitapara R, Clemons B, Garcia E, Kennedy M, Guimond D, Carter LL, Douthitt A, Osterhout R, Gandjeva A, Slee D, Salter-Cid L, Tuder RM, Zisman LS. Inhaled seralutinib exhibits potent efficacy in models of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102356. [PMID: 35680144 PMCID: PMC9724289 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02356-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signalling through platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) plays a critical role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We examined the preclinical efficacy of inhaled seralutinib, a unique small-molecule PDGFR/CSF1R/c-KIT kinase inhibitor in clinical development for PAH, in comparison to a proof-of-concept kinase inhibitor, imatinib. METHODS Seralutinib and imatinib potency and selectivity were compared. Inhaled seralutinib pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics were studied in healthy rats. Efficacy was evaluated in two rat models of PAH: SU5416/Hypoxia (SU5416/H) and monocrotaline pneumonectomy (MCTPN). Effects on inflammatory/cytokine signalling were examined. PDGFR, CSF1R and c-KIT immunohistochemistry in rat and human PAH lung samples and microRNA (miRNA) analysis in the SU5416/H model were performed. RESULTS Seralutinib potently inhibited PDGFRα/β, CSF1R and c-KIT. Inhaled seralutinib demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of lung PDGFR and c-KIT signalling and increased bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2). Seralutinib improved cardiopulmonary haemodynamic parameters and reduced small pulmonary artery muscularisation and right ventricle hypertrophy in both models. In the SU5416/H model, seralutinib improved cardiopulmonary haemodynamic parameters, restored lung BMPR2 protein levels and decreased N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), more than imatinib. Quantitative immunohistochemistry in human lung PAH samples demonstrated increased PDGFR, CSF1R and c-KIT. miRNA analysis revealed candidates that could mediate seralutinib effects on BMPR2. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled seralutinib was an effective treatment of severe PAH in two animal models, with improved cardiopulmonary haemodynamic parameters, a reduction in NT-proBNP, reverse remodelling of pulmonary vascular pathology and improvement in inflammatory biomarkers. Seralutinib showed greater efficacy compared to imatinib in a preclinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galkin
- Gossamer Bio, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- A. Galkin and R. Sitapara contributed equally as first authors
| | - Ravikumar Sitapara
- Gossamer Bio, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- The Rensselaer Center for Translational Research Inc., Rensselaer, NY, USA
- A. Galkin and R. Sitapara contributed equally as first authors
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aneta Gandjeva
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Rubin M Tuder
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu SF, Nambiar Veetil N, Li Q, Kucherenko MM, Knosalla C, Kuebler WM. Pulmonary hypertension: Linking inflammation and pulmonary arterial stiffening. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959209. [PMID: 36275740 PMCID: PMC9579293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease that arises from multiple etiologies and ultimately leads to right heart failure as the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality. In patients, distinct inflammatory responses are a prominent feature in different types of PH, and various immunomodulatory interventions have been shown to modulate disease development and progression in animal models. Specifically, PH-associated inflammation comprises infiltration of both innate and adaptive immune cells into the vascular wall of the pulmonary vasculature—specifically in pulmonary vascular lesions—as well as increased levels of cytokines and chemokines in circulating blood and in the perivascular tissue of pulmonary arteries (PAs). Previous studies suggest that altered hemodynamic forces cause lung endothelial dysfunction and, in turn, adherence of immune cells and release of inflammatory mediators, while the resulting perivascular inflammation, in turn, promotes vascular remodeling and the progression of PH. As such, a vicious cycle of endothelial activation, inflammation, and vascular remodeling may develop and drive the disease process. PA stiffening constitutes an emerging research area in PH, with relevance in PH diagnostics, prognostics, and as a therapeutic target. With respect to its prognostic value, PA stiffness rivals the well-established measurement of pulmonary vascular resistance as a predictor of disease outcome. Vascular remodeling of the arterial extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as vascular calcification, smooth muscle cell stiffening, vascular wall thickening, and tissue fibrosis contribute to PA stiffening. While associations between inflammation and vascular stiffening are well-established in systemic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis or the vascular manifestations of systemic sclerosis, a similar connection between inflammatory processes and PA stiffening has so far not been addressed in the context of PH. In this review, we discuss potential links between inflammation and PA stiffening with a specific focus on vascular calcification and ECM remodeling in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Fei Liu
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Netra Nambiar Veetil
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariya M. Kucherenko
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mariya M. Kucherenko,
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zheng H, Hua J, Li H, He W, Chen X, Ji Y, Li Q. Comprehensive analysis of the expression of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation regulators in pulmonary artery hypertension. Front Genet 2022; 13:974740. [PMID: 36171892 PMCID: PMC9510777 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.974740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. The development of PAH involves N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. However, the functional role of m6A regulators in PAH and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unknown so far. Methods: Microarray data (GSE149713) for monocrotaline induced PAH (MCT-PAH) rat models were downloaded and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and m6A regulators. Next, we screened for differentially expressed m6A regulators in endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, interstitial macrophages, NK cells, B cells, T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) using scRNA sequencing data. The target DEGs of m6A regulators in ECs, SMCs, fibroblasts, and Tregs were functionally annotated using the Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. In addition, the cellular interaction analysis was performed to reveal the receptor—ligand pairs regulated by m6A regulators. Pseudo-time trajectory analyses were performed and a ceRNA network of lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs was constructed in SMCs. Furthermore, the RNA transcriptome sequencing data for the SMCs isolated from idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients (GSE144274) were validated for differentially expressed m6A regulators. Moreover, the HNRNPA2B1 levels in the lung samples from PAH patients and MCT-PAH were determined using immunohistochemistry. Results: The m6A regulators were observed to be dysregulated in PAH. HNRNPA2B1expression level was increased in the PASMCs of scRNAs and IPAH patients. The target DEGs of HNRNPA2B1 were enriched in the regulation of muscle cell differentiation and vasculature development in PASMCs. The HNRNPA2B1 expression levels determined were consistent with the proliferation-related and collagen synthesis-related gene COL4A1. Moreover, the predicted transcription factors (TFs) foxd2/3 and NFκB could be involved in the regulation of HNRNPA2B1. HNRNPA2B1 might be regulating SMCs proliferation and phenotypic transition via rno-miR-330–3p/TGFβR3 and rno-miR-125a-3p/slc39a1. In addition, HNRNPA2B1 was observed to be highly expressed in the lung samples from MCT-PAH rat models and patients with PAH. Conclusion: In summary, the present study identified certain key functional m6A regulators that are involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling. The investigation of m6A patterns might be promising and provide biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of PAH in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yingqun Ji
- *Correspondence: Yingqun Ji, ; Qiang Li,
| | - Qiang Li
- *Correspondence: Yingqun Ji, ; Qiang Li,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals the Active Involvement of Macrophage Polarizations in Pulmonary Hypertension. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5398157. [PMID: 36246557 PMCID: PMC9553540 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5398157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Sustained hypoxia can trigger a progressive rise in pulmonary artery pressure and cause serious pulmonary diseases. Macrophages play important roles along the progression of pulmonary hypertension. However, the state of macrophage polarization during the early stage of pulmonary hypertension is unclear. Methods. Unlike traditional sequencing method, single-cell sequencing can accurately distinguish among cell types and better understand cell-to-cell relationships. In this study, we investigated the polarization of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension via single-cell RNA-sequencing in a mice hypoxia model, which was then validated in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Results. We identified that the intermittent exposure to hypoxic conditions could lead to the production of more M2-type macrophages than M1-type macrophages in a mouse model. Further validation analysis was performed by analyzing lung tissue of patients with pulmonary hypertension, revealing that the number of disease-associated M2 macrophages was substantially increased. Conclusions. In this study, the active anti-inflammatory response of macrophage involved in pulmonary hypertension has been identified, suggesting that intervention against the polarization of macrophages to the M2 type may be a potential way to reduce chronic pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and artery pressure. Thus, investigation of macrophage polarization associated with hypoxia could help us better understand disease mechanism and craft effective prevention strategies and approaches.
Collapse
|
42
|
Remes A, Körbelin J, Arnold C, Rohwedder C, Heckmann MB, Mairbauerl H, Frank D, Korff T, Frey N, Trepel M, Müller OJ. AAV-mediated gene transfer of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:959-967. [PMID: 35850528 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by progressive obstruction of pulmonary arteries due to inflammatory processes, cellular proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition and vasoconstriction. As treatment options are limited, we studied gene transfer of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors specifically targeted to endothelial cells of pulmonary vessels in a murine model of PH. Adult mice were intravenously injected with AAV vectors expressing iNOS. Mice were subjected to hypoxia for three weeks and sacrificed afterwards. We found elevated levels of iNOS both in lung tissue and pulmonary endothelial cells in hypoxic controls which could be further increased by AAV-mediated iNOS gene transfer. This additional increase in iNOS was associated with decreased wall thickness of pulmonary vessels, less macrophage infiltration, and reduced molecular markers of fibrosis. Taken together, using a tissue-targeted approach, we show that AAV-mediated iNOS overexpression in endothelial cells of the pulmonary vasculature significantly decreases vascular remodeling in a murine model of PH, suggesting upregulation of iNOS as promising target for treatment of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Remes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Martinistr. 52, Division of Pneumology, Hamburg, Germany, 20246;
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Rohwedder
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Markus Benjamin Heckmann
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Heimo Mairbauerl
- Medical Clinic VII, Heidelberg University, Germany and Translational Lung Research Center, part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Norbert Frey
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, Germany, Ausburg, Germany;
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang L, Zhang H, Liu Y, Long Y. The Role of Gut and Airway Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:929752. [PMID: 35910623 PMCID: PMC9326471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.929752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe clinical condition that is characterized pathologically by perivascular inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling that ultimately leads to right heart failure. However, current treatments focus on controlling vasoconstriction and have little effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling. Better therapies of PAH require a better understanding of its pathogenesis. With advances in sequencing technology, researchers have begun to focus on the role of the human microbiota in disease. Recent studies have shown that the gut and airway microbiota and their metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the relationship between the gut and airway microbiota and PAH. We further discuss the key crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the lung associated with PAH, and the potential link between the gut and airway microbiota in the pathogenesis of PAH. In addition, we discuss the potential of using the microbiota as a new target for PAH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongdie Zhang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Long
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Long
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yoshida T, Nagaoka T, Nagata Y, Suzuki Y, Tsutsumi T, Kuriyama S, Watanabe J, Togo S, Takahashi F, Matsushita M, Joki Y, Konishi H, Nunomura S, Izuhara K, Conway SJ, Takahashi K. Periostin-related progression of different types of experimental pulmonary hypertension: A role for M2 macrophage and FGF-2 signalling. Respirology 2022; 27:529-538. [PMID: 35318760 PMCID: PMC9313806 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Remodelling of pulmonary arteries (PA) contributes to the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Periostin, a matricellular protein, has been reported to be involved in the development of PH. We examined the role of periostin in the pathogenesis of PH using different types of experimental PH. METHODS PH was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist (Sugen5416) plus hypoxic exposure (SuHx) and venous injection of monocrotaline-pyrrole (MCT-P) in wild-type (WT) and periostin-/- mice. Pulmonary haemodynamics, PA remodelling, expression of chemokines and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, accumulation of macrophages to small PA and the right ventricle (RV) were examined in PH-induced WT and periostin-/- mice. Additionally, the role of periostin in the migration of macrophages, human PA smooth muscle (HPASMCs) and endothelial cells (HPMVECs) was investigated. RESULTS In PH induced by SuHx and MCT-P, PH and accumulation of M2 macrophage to small PA were attenuated in periostin-/- mice. PA remodelling post-SuHx treatment was also mild in periostin-/- mice compared to WT mice. Expression of macrophage-associated chemokines and FGF-2 in lung tissue, and accumulation of CD68-positive cells in the RV were less in SuHx periostin-/- than in SuHx WT mice. Periostin secretion in HPASMCs and HPMVECs was enhanced by transforming growth factor-β. Periostin also augmented macrophage, HPASMCs and HPMVECs migration. Separately, serum periostin levels were significantly elevated in patients with PH compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION Periostin is involved in the development of different types of experimental PH, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of human PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsutaro Nagaoka
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuichi Nagata
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takeo Tsutsumi
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Sachiko Kuriyama
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masakazu Matsushita
- Department of Internal Medicine and RheumatologyJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yusuke Joki
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hakuoh Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular SciencesSaga Medical SchoolSagaJapan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular SciencesSaga Medical SchoolSagaJapan
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huang L, Li H, Huang S, Wang S, Liu Q, Luo L, Gan S, Fu G, Zou P, Chen G, Wu Z. Notopterol Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rat. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859422. [PMID: 35722110 PMCID: PMC9203832 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies have improved lung hemodynamics, cardiac function, and quality of life; however, none of these have reversed the ongoing remodeling of blood vessels. Considering notopterol, a linear furocoumarin extracted from the root of traditional Chinese medicine Qiang-Huo (Notopterygium incisum), had shown the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies, we hypothesized that it could play a role in ameliorating PAH. Methods In vivo, we conducted monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH rats and treated them with notopterol for 3 weeks. Then, the rats were examined by echocardiography and RV catheterization. The heart and lung specimens were harvested for the detection of gross examination, histological examination and expression of inflammatory molecules. In vitro, human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were treated with notopterol after hypoxia; then, cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8 and Edu assay, and cell migration was detected by wound healing assays. Results We found that notopterol improved mortality rate and RV function while reducing right ventricular systolic pressure in MCT-induced PAH rats. Furthermore, notopterol reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and it also eased pulmonary vascular remodeling and MCT-induced muscularization. In addition, notopterol attenuated the pro-inflammatory factor (IL-1β, IL-6) and PCNA in the lungs of PAH rats. For the cultured HPASMCs subjected to hypoxia, we found that notopterol can inhibit the proliferation and migration of HPASMCs. Conclusion Our studies show that notopterol exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects in the pulmonary arteries, which may contribute to prevention of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunjun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangjiao Gan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangguo Fu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - PeiYun Zou
- GuangZhou Janus Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangxian Chen
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongkai Wu
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lin W, Tang Y, Zhang M, Liang B, Wang M, Zha L, Yu Z. Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals TXNRD1 as a Novel Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:894584. [PMID: 35646965 PMCID: PMC9133447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.894584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a life-threatening cardiopulmonary disease lacking specific diagnostic markers and targeted therapy, and its mechanism of development remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in IPAH by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Four eligible datasets (GSE117261, GSE15197, GSE53408, GSE48149) was firstly downloaded from GEO database and subsequently integrated by Robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to screen robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then functional annotation of robust DEGs was performed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed followed by using MCODE and CytoHubba plug-in to identify hub genes. Finally, 10 hub genes were screened including ENO1, TALDO1, TXNRD1, SHMT2, IDH1, TKT, PGD, CXCL10, CXCL9, and CCL5. The GSE113439 dataset was used as a validation cohort to appraise these hub genes and TXNRD1 was selected for verification at the protein level. The experiment results confirmed that serum TXNRD1 concentration was lower in IPAH patients and the level of TXNRD1 had great predictive efficiency (AUC:0.795) as well as presents negative correlation with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Consistently, the expression of TXNRD1 was proved to be inhibited in animal and cellular model of PAH. In addition, GSEA analysis was performed to explore the functions of TXNRD1 and the results revealed that TXNRD1 was closely correlated with mTOR signaling pathway, MYC targets, and unfolded protein response. Finally, knockdown of TXNRD1 was shown to exacerbate proliferative disorder, migration and apoptosis resistance in PASMCs. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that TXNRD1 is a promising candidate biomarker for diagnosis of IPAH and plays an important role in PAH pathogenesis, although further research is necessary.
Collapse
|
47
|
Alenezi F, Covington TA, Mukherjee M, Mathai SC, Yu PB, Rajagopal S. Novel Approaches to Imaging the Pulmonary Vasculature and Right Heart. Circ Res 2022; 130:1445-1465. [PMID: 35482838 PMCID: PMC9060389 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased appreciation for the importance of the right heart and pulmonary circulation in several disease states across the spectrum of pulmonary hypertension and left heart failure. However, assessment of the structure and function of the right heart and pulmonary circulation can be challenging, due to the complex geometry of the right ventricle, comorbid pulmonary airways and parenchymal disease, and the overlap of hemodynamic abnormalities with left heart failure. Several new and evolving imaging modalities interrogate the right heart and pulmonary circulation with greater diagnostic precision. Echocardiographic approaches such as speckle-tracking and 3-dimensional imaging provide detailed assessments of regional systolic and diastolic function and volumetric assessments. Magnetic resonance approaches can provide high-resolution views of cardiac structure/function, tissue characterization, and perfusion through the pulmonary vasculature. Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography allows an assessment of specific pathobiologically relevant targets in the right heart and pulmonary circulation. Machine learning analysis of high-resolution computed tomographic lung scans permits quantitative morphometry of the lung circulation without intravenous contrast. Inhaled magnetic resonance imaging probes, such as hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging, report on pulmonary gas exchange and pulmonary capillary hemodynamics. These approaches provide important information on right ventricular structure and function along with perfusion through the pulmonary circulation. At this time, the majority of these developing technologies have yet to be clinically validated, with few studies demonstrating the utility of these imaging biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring disease. These technologies hold promise for earlier diagnosis and noninvasive monitoring of right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension that will aid in preclinical studies, enhance patient selection and provide surrogate end points in clinical trials, and ultimately improve bedside care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alenezi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Steve C. Mathai
- Johns Hopkins Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
miR-155: An Important Role in Inflammation Response. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7437281. [PMID: 35434143 PMCID: PMC9007653 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7437281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, mature, noncoding RNA that lead to posttranscriptional gene silencing to regulate gene expression. miRNAs are instrumental in biological processes such as cell development, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis. The miRNA-mediated gene silencing is an important part of the regulation of gene expression in many kinds of diseases. miR-155, one of the best-characterized miRNAs, has been found to be closely related to physiological and pathological processes. What is more, miR-155 can be used as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. We analyze the articles about miR-155 for nearly five years, review the advanced study on the function of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells like T cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages, and then summarize the biological functions of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells. The widespread involvement of miR-155 in human diseases has led to a novel therapeutic approach between Chinese and Western medicine.
Collapse
|
49
|
Gredic M, Wu CY, Hadzic S, Pak O, Savai R, Kojonazarov B, Doswada S, Weiss A, Weigert A, Guenther A, Brandes RP, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Sommer N, Kraut S, Weissmann N. Myeloid-cell-specific deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2101153. [PMID: 34475225 PMCID: PMC8989054 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01153-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of COPD, associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Intriguingly, pulmonary vascular alterations have been suggested to drive emphysema development. Previously, we identified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an essential enzyme for development and reversal of smoke-induced PH and emphysema, and showed that iNOS expression in bone-marrow-derived cells drives pulmonary vascular remodelling, but not parenchymal destruction. In this study, we aimed to identify the iNOS-expressing cell type driving smoke-induced PH and to decipher pro-proliferative pathways involved. METHODS To address this question we used 1) myeloid-cell-specific iNOS knockout mice in chronic smoke exposure and 2) co-cultures of macrophages and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) to decipher underlying signalling pathways. RESULTS Myeloid-cell-specific iNOS knockout prevented smoke-induced PH but not emphysema in mice. Moreover, iNOS deletion in myeloid cells ameliorated the increase in expression of CD206, a marker of M2 polarisation, on interstitial macrophages. Importantly, the observed effects on lung macrophages were hypoxia-independent, as these mice developed hypoxia-induced PH. In vitro, smoke-induced PASMC proliferation in co-cultures with M2-polarised macrophages could be abolished by iNOS deletion in phagocytic cells, as well as by extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition in PASMCs. Crucially, CD206-positive and iNOS-positive macrophages accumulated in proximity of remodelled vessels in the lungs of COPD patients, as shown by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrate that iNOS deletion in myeloid cells confers protection against PH in smoke-exposed mice and provide evidence for an iNOS-dependent communication between M2-like macrophages and PASMCs in underlying pulmonary vascular remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Gredic
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hadzic
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Siddartha Doswada
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- European IPF Registry & Biobank (eurIPFreg), Giessen, Germany
- Agaplesion Evangelisches Krankenhaus Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK - German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Kraut
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sheng Y, Gong X, Zhao J, Liu Y, Yuan Y. Effects of Crocin on CCL2/CCR2 Inflammatory Pathway in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:241-259. [PMID: 34931588 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant cardiopulmonary disease, in which pulmonary arterial remodeling is regarded as the prominent pathological feature. So far, the mechanism of PAH is still unclear, so its treatment remains a challenge. However, inflammation plays an important part in the occurrence and progression of PAH. It is well known that crocin has anti-inflammatory properties, so we investigated whether crocin could be a potential drug for the treatment of PAH rat models. Rats injected subcutaneously with monocrotaline (MCT) were treated with crocin via a gastric tube daily for four weeks. The results showed that crocin treatment significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in the PAH rat models. Moreover, crocin treatment reduced the proliferation of pulmonary arteriole smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In addition, crocin treatment not only relieved inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber hyperplasia in the lung and right ventricle, but also decreased the expression of the CCL2/CCR2 inflammatory pathway in the lung of PAH rat models. Furthermore, crocin treatment reduced the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress responses. In summary, crocin may play a protective role in MCT-induced PAH rats by alleviating inflammatory response, improving pulmonary arterial remodeling, and preventing PAH. Therefore, crocin as a new treatment for PAH may be quite worthy of consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Sheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huizhan Road, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|