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Shouib R, Eitzen G. Inflammatory gene regulation by Cdc42 in airway epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111321. [PMID: 39067837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cytokine release from airway epithelial cells is a key immunological process that coordinates an immune response in the lungs. We propose that the Rho GTPase, Cdc42, regulates both transcription and trafficking of cytokines, ultimately affecting the essential process of cytokine release and subsequent inflammation in the lungs. Here, we examined the pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile that occurs in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in response to TNF-α using RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis. To interrogate the role of Cdc42 in inflammatory gene expression, we used a pharmacological inhibitor of Cdc42, ML141, and determined changes in the transcriptomic profile induced by Cdc42 inhibition. Our results indicated that Cdc42 inhibition with ML141 resulted in a unique inflammatory phenotype concomitant with increased gene expression of ER stress genes, Golgi membrane and vesicle transport genes. To further interrogate the inflammatory pathways regulated by Cdc42, we made BEAS-2B knockdown strains for the signaling targets TRIB3, DUSP5, SESN2 and BMP4, which showed high differential expression in response to Cdc42 inhibition. Depletion of DUSP5 and TRIB3 reduced the pro-inflammatory response triggered by Cdc42 inhibition as shown by a reduction in cytokine transcript levels. Depletion of SESN2 and BMP4 did not affect cytokine transcript level, however, Golgi fragmentation was reduced. These results provide further evidence that in airway epithelial cells, Cdc42 is part of a signaling network that controls inflammatory gene expression and secretion by regulating Golgi integrity. Summary sentence:We define the Cdc42-regulated gene networks for inflammatory signaling in airway epithelial cells which includes regulation of ER stress response and vesicle trafficking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowayna Shouib
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Eitzen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Ye Q, Taleb SJ, Zhao J, Zhao Y. Emerging role of BMPs/BMPR2 signaling pathway in treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117178. [PMID: 39142248 PMCID: PMC11364484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal and chronic lung disease that is characterized by accumulation of thickened scar in the lungs and impairment of gas exchange. The cases with unknown etiology are referred as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). There are currently no effective therapeutics to cure the disease; thus, the investigation of the pathogenesis of IPF is of great importance. Recent studies on bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors have indicated that reduction of BMP signaling in lungs may play a significant role in the development of lung fibrosis. BMPs are members of TGF-β superfamily, and they have been shown to play an anti-fibrotic role in combating TGF-β-mediated pathways. The impact of BMP receptors, in particular BMPR2, on pulmonary fibrosis is growing attraction to researchers. Previous studies on BMPR2 have often focused on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Given the strong clinical association between PAH and lung fibrosis, understanding BMPs/BMPR2-mediated signaling pathway is important for development of therapeutic strategies to treat IPF. In this review, we comprehensively review recent studies regarding the biological functions of BMPs and their receptors in lungs, especially focusing on their roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmao Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, United States
| | - Sarah J Taleb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, United States; Department of internal Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, United States; Department of internal Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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3
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Kayalı A, Arda DB, Bora ES, Uyanikgil Y, Atasoy Ö, Erbaş O. Oxytocin: A Shield against Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Rats. Tomography 2024; 10:1342-1353. [PMID: 39330747 PMCID: PMC11436056 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10090101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), a serious side effect of thoracic radiotherapy, can lead to acute radiation pneumonitis (RP) and chronic pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Despite various interventions, no effective protocol exists to prevent pneumonitis. Oxytocin (OT), known for its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties, has not been explored for its potential in mitigating RILI. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved 24 female Wistar albino rats, divided into three groups: control group, radiation (RAD) + saline, and RAD + OT. The RAD groups received 18 Gy of whole-thorax irradiation. The RAD + OT group was treated with OT (0.1 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 16 weeks. Computerizing tomography (CT) imaging and histopathological, biochemical, and blood gas analyses were performed to assess lung tissue damage and inflammation. RESULTS Histopathological examination showed significant reduction in alveolar wall thickening, inflammation, and vascular changes in the RAD + OT group compared to the RAD + saline group. Biochemical analysis revealed decreased levels of TGF-beta, VEGF, and PDGF, and increased BMP-7 and prostacyclin in the RAD + oxytocin group (p < 0.05). Morphometric analysis indicated significant reductions in fibrosis, edema, and immune cell infiltration. CT imaging demonstrated near-normal lung parenchyma density in the RAD + oxytocin group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Oxytocin administration significantly mitigates radiation-induced pneumonitis in rats, implying that is has potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing and treating RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kayalı
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620 Izmir, Türkiye;
| | - Duygu Burcu Arda
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Taksim Research and Training Hospital, 34433 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Ejder Saylav Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620 Izmir, Türkiye;
| | - Yiğit Uyanikgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35030 Izmir, Türkiye;
| | - Özüm Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Giresun Training and Research Hospital, 28100 Giresun, Türkiye;
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Türkiye;
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Wellmerling JH, Dresler SR, Meridew JA, Choi KM, Tschumperlin DJ, Tan Q. RNA-sequencing reveals differential fibroblast responses to bleomycin and pneumonectomy. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16148. [PMID: 38991987 PMCID: PMC11239319 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by pathological accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Many of the processes that are implicated in fibrosis, including increased extracellular matrix synthesis, also occur following pneumonectomy (PNX), but PNX instead results in regenerative compensatory growth of the lung. As fibroblasts are the major cell type responsible for extracellular matrix production, we hypothesized that comparing fibroblast responses to PNX and bleomycin (BLM) would unveil key differences in the role they play during regenerative versus fibrotic lung responses. RNA-sequencing was performed on flow-sorted fibroblasts freshly isolated from mouse lungs 14 days after BLM, PNX, or sham controls. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed highly similar biological processes to be involved in fibroblast responses to both BLM and PNX, including TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Interestingly, we observed smaller changes in gene expression after PNX than BLM at Day 14, suggesting that the fibroblast response to PNX may be muted by expression of transcripts that moderate pro-fibrotic pathways. Itpkc, encoding inositol triphosphate kinase C, was a gene uniquely up-regulated by PNX and not BLM. ITPKC overexpression in lung fibroblasts antagonized the pro-fibrotic effect of TGF-β1. RNA-sequencing analysis has identified considerable overlap in transcriptional changes between fibroblasts following PNX and those overexpressing ITPKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack H. Wellmerling
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sara R. Dresler
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meridew
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kyoung M. Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel J. Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- The Hormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMinnesotaUSA
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Deng J, Searl T, Ohlander S, Dynda D, Harrington DA, McVary KT, Podlasek CA. BMP4 and GREM1 are targets of SHH signaling and downstream regulators of collagen in the penis. J Sex Med 2024; 21:367-378. [PMID: 38451311 PMCID: PMC11063415 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cavernous nerve (CN) injury, caused by prostatectomy and diabetes, initiates a remodeling process (smooth muscle apoptosis and increased collagen) in the corpora cavernosa of the penis of patients and animal models that is an underlying cause of erectile dysfunction (ED), and the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays an essential role in the response of the penis to denervation, as collagen increases with SHH inhibition and decreases with SHH treatment. AIM We examined if part of the mechanism of how SHH prevents penile remodeling and increased collagen with CN injury involves bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and gremlin1 (GREM1) and examined the relationship between SHH, BMP4, GREM1, and collagen in penis of ED patients and rat models of CN injury, SHH inhibition, and SHH, BMP4, and GREM1 treatment. METHODS Corpora cavernosa of Peyronie's disease (control), prostatectomy, and diabetic ED patients were obtained (N = 30). Adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 90) underwent (1) CN crush (1-7 days) or sham surgery; (2) CN injury and BMP4, GREM1, or mouse serum albumin (control) treatment via Affi-Gel beads or peptide amphiphile (PA) for 14 days; (3) 5E1 SHH inhibitor, IgG, or phosphate-buffered saline (control) treatment for 2 to 4 days; or (4) CN crush with mouse serum albumin or SHH for 9 days. OUTCOMES Immunohistochemical and Western analysis for BMP4 and GREM1, and collagen analysis by hydroxyproline and trichrome stain were performed. RESULTS BMP4 and GREM1 proteins were identified in corpora cavernosa smooth muscle of prostatectomy, diabetic, and Peyronie's patients, and in rat smooth muscle, sympathetic nerve fibers, perineurium, blood vessels, and urethra. Collagen decreased 25.4% in rats with CN injury and BMP4 treatment (P = .02) and increased 61.3% with CN injury and GREM1 treatment (P = .005). Trichrome stain showed increased collagen in rats treated with GREM1. Western analysis identified increased BMP4 and GREM1 in corpora cavernosa of prostatectomy and diabetic patients, and after CN injury (1-2 days) in our rat model. Localization of BMP4 and GREM1 changed with SHH inhibition. SHH treatment increased the monomer form of BMP4 and GREM1, altering their range of signaling. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A better understanding of penile remodeling and how fibrosis occurs with loss of innervation is essential for development of novel ED therapies. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The relationship between SHH, BMP4, GREM1, and collagen is complex in the penis. CONCLUSION BMP4 and GREM1 are downstream targets of SHH that impact collagen and may be useful in collaboration with SHH to prevent penile remodeling and ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Deng
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Timothy Searl
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Samuel Ohlander
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Danuta Dynda
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794 United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Kevin T McVary
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Carol A Podlasek
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Bayati P, Taherian M, Soleimani M, Farajifard H, Mojtabavi N. Induced pluripotent stem cells modulate the Wnt pathway in the bleomycin-induced model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 38017561 PMCID: PMC10685538 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders and malignancies. Hence, we aimed to assess the potential of the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) in modulating the expression of the cardinal genes of the Wnt pathway in a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups of Control, Bleomycin (BLM), and BLM + IPS; the BLM mice received intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, BLM + IPS mice received tail vein injection of IPS cells 48 h post instillation of the BLM; The Control group received Phosphate-buffered saline instead. After 3 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and Histologic assessments including hydroxy proline assay, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson-trichrome staining were performed. The expression of the genes for Wnt, β-Catenin, Lef, Dkk1, and Bmp4 was assessed utilizing specific primers and SYBR green master mix. RESULTS Histologic assessments revealed that the fibrotic lesions and inflammation were significantly alleviated in the BLM + IPS group. Besides, the gene expression analyses demonstrated the upregulation of Wnt, β-Catenin, and LEF along with the significant downregulation of the Bmp4 and DKK1 in response to bleomycin treatment; subsequently, it was found that the treatment of the IPF mice with IPS cells results in the downregulation of the Wnt, β-Catenin, and Lef, as well as upregulation of the Dkk1, but not the Bmp4 gene (P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current study highlights the therapeutic potential of the IPS cells on the IPF mouse model in terms of regulating the aberrant expression of the factors contributing to the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Taherian
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Farajifard
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tsai CH, Liu E, Phan A, Lu KL, Mei H. NBL1 Reduces Corneal Fibrosis and Scar Formation after Wounding. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1570. [PMID: 38002252 PMCID: PMC10669476 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal scarring is a leading cause of blindness. Currently, there is no treatment to prevent and/or reduce corneal scar formation under pathological conditions. Our previous data showed that the NBL1 protein, also termed the DAN Family BMP (Bone morphogenetic protein) Antagonist, was highly expressed in corneal stromal cells upon wounding. Here, we examined the function of NBL1 in corneal wound healing. Mouse corneas were mechanically wounded, followed by a 2-week treatment using NBL1. Wounded corneas treated with vehicle or an Fc tag served as controls. Compared with the controls, NBL1 treatment facilitated wound re-epithelialization, partially restored the stromal thickness, and significantly reduced corneal scar formation. NBL1 treatment did not decrease immune cell infiltration, indicating that the anti-scarring effect was not dependent on immune suppression. We further examined the anti-fibrotic effect of NBL1 on human corneas. Pairs of human corneas were induced to form myofibroblasts (a key player in fibrosis and scarring) upon wounding and incubation in a medium containing TGF-β1. The OS corneas were treated with Fc as a control, and the OD corneas were treated with NBL1. Compared with the control, human corneas treated with NBL1 had significantly fewer myofibroblasts, which was consistent with these mouse data. A further study revealed that NBL1 treatment inhibited BMP canonical (phospho-Smad1/5) and no-canonical (phospho-p38) pathways in human corneas. Data show that NBL1 reduced corneal fibrosis and scar formation in mice and cultured human corneas. The underlying molecular mechanism is not certain because both anti-fibrotic Smad1/5 and pro-fibrotic p38 pathways were inhibited upon NBL1 treatment. Whether the p38 pathway dominates the Smad1/5 pathway during corneal fibrosis, leading to the anti-fibrotic effect of NBL1, needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emily Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Phan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Krystal Lynn Lu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hua Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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8
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Hao X, Shen Y, Chen N, Zhang W, Valverde E, Wu L, Chan HL, Xu Z, Yu L, Gao Y, Bado I, Michie LN, Rivas CH, Dominguez LB, Aguirre S, Pingel BC, Wu YH, Liu F, Ding Y, Edwards DG, Liu J, Alexander A, Ueno NT, Hsueh PR, Tu CY, Liu LC, Chen SH, Hung MC, Lim B, Zhang XHF. Osteoprogenitor-GMP crosstalk underpins solid tumor-induced systemic immunosuppression and persists after tumor removal. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:648-664.e8. [PMID: 37146584 PMCID: PMC10165729 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Remote tumors disrupt the bone marrow (BM) ecosystem (BME), eliciting the overproduction of BM-derived immunosuppressive cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we characterized breast and lung cancer-induced BME shifts pre- and post-tumor removal. Remote tumors progressively lead to osteoprogenitor (OP) expansion, hematopoietic stem cell dislocation, and CD41- granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) aggregation. The tumor-entrained BME is characterized by co-localization between CD41- GMPs and OPs. OP ablation abolishes this effect and diminishes abnormal myeloid overproduction. Mechanistically, HTRA1 carried by tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles upregulates MMP-13 in OPs, which in turn induces the alterations in the hematopoietic program. Importantly, these effects persist post-surgery and continue to impair anti-tumor immunity. Conditional knockout or inhibition of MMP-13 accelerates immune reinstatement and restores the efficacies of immunotherapies. Therefore, tumor-induced systemic effects are initiated by OP-GMP crosstalk that outlasts tumor burden, and additional treatment is required to reverse these effects for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Hao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yichao Shen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth Valverde
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hilda L Chan
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhan Xu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liqun Yu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor Bado
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Natalee Michie
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charlotte Helena Rivas
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luis Becerra Dominguez
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sergio Aguirre
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bradley C Pingel
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yunfeng Ding
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David G Edwards
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela Alexander
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Morgan Welch IBC Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Morgan Welch IBC Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; University of Hawai'i Cancer Center (UHCC), 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Immunomonitoring Core, Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Bora Lim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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9
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Calthorpe RJ, Poulter C, Smyth AR, Sharkey D, Bhatt J, Jenkins G, Tatler AL. Complex roles of TGF-β signaling pathways in lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L285-L296. [PMID: 36625900 PMCID: PMC9988523 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00106.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As survival of extremely preterm infants continues to improve, there is also an associated increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), one of the most significant complications of preterm birth. BPD development is multifactorial resulting from exposure to multiple antenatal and postnatal stressors. BPD has both short-term health implications and long-term sequelae including increased respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological morbidity. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an important signaling pathway in lung development, organ injury, and fibrosis and is implicated in the development of BPD. This review provides a detailed account on the role of TGF-β in antenatal and postnatal lung development, the effect of known risk factors for BPD on the TGF-β signaling pathway, and how medications currently in use or under development, for the prevention or treatment of BPD, affect TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Calthorpe
- Lifespan & Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Poulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Smyth
- Lifespan & Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Don Sharkey
- Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Klee S, Picart-Armada S, Wenger K, Birk G, Quast K, Veyel D, Rist W, Violet C, Luippold A, Haslinger C, Thomas M, Fernandez-Albert F, Kästle M. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of young and old mice in the bleomycin model reveals high similarity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L245-L258. [PMID: 36625483 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00253.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common preclinical, in vivo model to study lung fibrosis is the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model in 2- to 3-mo-old mice. Although this model resembles key aspects of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), there are limitations in its predictability for the human disease. One of the main differences is the juvenile age of animals that are commonly used in experiments, resembling humans of around 20 yr. Because IPF patients are usually older than 60 yr, aging appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Therefore, we compared young (3 months) and old mice (21 months) 21 days after intratracheal bleomycin instillation. Analyzing lung transcriptomics (mRNAs and miRNAs) and proteomics, we found most pathways to be similarly regulated in young and old mice. However, old mice show imbalanced protein homeostasis as well as an increased inflammatory state in the fibrotic phase compared to young mice. Comparisons with published human transcriptomic data sets (GSE47460, GSE32537, and GSE24206) revealed that the gene signature of old animals correlates significantly better with IPF patients, and it also turned human healthy individuals better into "IPF patients" using an approach based on predictive disease modeling. Both young and old animals show similar molecular hallmarks of IPF in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, although old mice more closely resemble several features associated with IPF in comparison to young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klee
- Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sergio Picart-Armada
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wenger
- Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gerald Birk
- Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Karsten Quast
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Coralie Violet
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Andreas Luippold
- Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Haslinger
- Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Francesc Fernandez-Albert
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marc Kästle
- Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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11
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Dong X, Mao Y, Gao P. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Lung Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:324-331. [PMID: 36883260 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220428110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a multifunctional secretory protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. BMPs transduce their signaling to the cytoplasm by binding to membrane receptors of the serine/threonine kinase family, including BMP type I and type II receptors. BMP4 participates in various biological processes, such as embryonic development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The interaction between BMP4 and the corresponding endogenous antagonists plays a key role in the precise regulation of BMP4 signaling. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis of BMP4-related lung diseases and the foundation on which BMP4 endogenous antagonists have been developed as potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Medical College & the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan, University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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12
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Guan R, Yuan L, Li J, Wang J, Li Z, Cai Z, Guo H, Fang Y, Lin R, Liu W, Wang L, Zheng Q, Xu J, Zhou Y, Qian J, Ding M, Luo J, Li Y, Yang K, Sun D, Yao H, He J, Lu W. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by modulating cellular senescence and mitophagy in lung fibroblasts. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.02307-2021. [PMID: 35777761 PMCID: PMC9808813 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02307-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of myofibroblasts is critical to fibrogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Senescence and insufficient mitophagy in fibroblasts contribute to their differentiation into myofibroblasts, thereby promoting the development of lung fibrosis. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a multifunctional growth factor, is essential for the early stage of lung development; however, the role of BMP4 in modulating lung fibrosis remains unknown. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of BMP4 in lung fibrosis using BMP4-haplodeleted mice, BMP4-overexpressed mice, primary lung fibroblasts and lung samples from patients with IPF. RESULTS BMP4 expression was downregulated in IPF lungs and fibroblasts compared to control individuals, negatively correlated with fibrotic genes, and BMP4 decreased with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 stimulation in lung fibroblasts in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In mice challenged with bleomycin, BMP4 haploinsufficiency perpetuated activation of lung myofibroblasts and caused accelerated lung function decline, severe fibrosis and mortality. BMP4 overexpression using adeno-associated virus 9 vectors showed preventative and therapeutic efficacy against lung fibrosis. In vitro, BMP4 attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production by reducing impaired mitophagy and cellular senescence in lung fibroblasts. Pink1 silencing by short-hairpin RNA transfection abolished the ability of BMP4 to reverse the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production, indicating dependence on Pink1-mediated mitophagy. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of BMP4 on fibroblast activation and differentiation was accompanied with an activation of Smad1/5/9 signalling and suppression of TGF-β1-mediated Smad2/3 signalling in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Strategies for enhancing BMP4 signalling may represent an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jingpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ziying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaowei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingjing Ding
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jieping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Wenju Lu and Jianxing He contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China .,Wenju Lu and Jianxing He contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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13
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Lungova V, Wendt K, Thibeault SL. Exposure to e-cigarette vapor extract induces vocal fold epithelial injury and triggers intense mucosal remodeling. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049476. [PMID: 35770504 PMCID: PMC9438930 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping has been reported to cause acute epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway obstruction induced by direct epithelial injury and subsequent inflammatory reaction. Here, we show that we were able to recapitulate this phenomenon in vitro. Exposure of human engineered vocal fold (VF) mucosae to 0.5% and 5% electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor extract (ECVE) for 1 week induced cellular damage of luminal cells, disrupting homeostasis and innate immune responses. Epithelial erosion was likely caused by accumulation of solvents and lipid particles in the cytosol and intercellular spaces, which altered lipid metabolism and plasma membrane properties. Next, we investigated how the mucosal cells responded to the epithelial damage. We withdrew the ECVE from the experimental system and allowed VF mucosae to regenerate for 1, 3 and 7 days, which triggered intense epithelial remodeling. The epithelial changes included expansion of P63 (TP63)-positive basal cells and cytokeratin 14 (KRT14) and laminin subunit α-5 (LAMA5) deposition, which might lead to local basal cell hyperplasia, hyperkeratinization and basement membrane thickening. In summary, vaping presents a threat to VF mucosal health and airway protection, thereby raising further concerns over the safety of e-cigarette use. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Lungova
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5105 WIMR Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kristy Wendt
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5105 WIMR Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5103 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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14
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Qian G, Adeyanju O, Sunil C, Huang SK, Chen SY, Tucker TA, Idell S, Guo X. Dedicator of Cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) Deficiency Attenuates Lung Injury Associated with Chronic High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced Obesity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:226-238. [PMID: 34767813 PMCID: PMC8883439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for lung disease development. However, little is known about the impact of chronic high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced obesity on lung inflammation and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. Herein we hypothesized that dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) promotes a proinflammatory phenotype of lung fibroblasts (LFs) to elicit lung injury and fibrosis in chronic HFHF diet-induced obesity. An HFHF diet for 20 weeks induced lung inflammation and profibrotic changes in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. CD68 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression were notably increased in the lungs of wild-type mice fed an HFHF diet. An HFHF diet further increased lung DOCK2 expression that co-localized with fibroblast-specific protein 1, suggesting a role of DOCK2 in regulating proinflammatory phenotype of LFs. Importantly, DOCK2 knockout protected mice from lung inflammation and fibrosis induced by a HFHF diet. In primary human LFs, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β induced DOCK2 expression concurrent with MCP-1, IL-6, and matrix metallopeptidase 2. DOCK2 knockdown suppressed TNF-α-induced expression of these molecules and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting a mechanism of DOCK2-mediated proinflammatory and profibrotic changes in human LFs. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of DOCK2 in regulating proinflammatory phenotype of LFs, potentiation of lung inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis in chronic HFHF diet-caused obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Qian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Oluwaseun Adeyanju
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Christudas Sunil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Steven K. Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Torry A. Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,Address correspondence to Xia Guo, Ph.D., Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Lab A-1, Tyler, TX 75708.
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15
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Fukihara J, Maiolo S, Kovac J, Sakamoto K, Wakahara K, Hashimoto N, Reynolds PN. Overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 suppresses transforming growth factor β-induced profibrotic responses in lung fibroblasts. Exp Lung Res 2022; 48:35-51. [PMID: 35037801 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2021.2024301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated BMPR2 expression in pulmonary fibrosis and TGF-β/BMP signaling in lung fibroblasts. Then we evaluated the impact of BMPR2 upregulation using adenoviral transduction on TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and fibronectin production in lung fibroblasts. RESULTS BMPR2 was distributed in airway epithelium and alveolar walls in rat lungs. BMPR2 expression was decreased in fibrotic lesions in the lungs of rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) stimulated with TGF-β. Although Smad2/3 phosphorylation and fibronectin production were not suppressed solely by BMPs, phosphorylated Smad2/3 was decreased in BMPR2-transduced cells even without BMP stimulation. Fibronectin was decreased only when BMPR2-transduced HLFs were stimulated with BMP7 (but not BMP4). Similar results were also observed in IPF patient HLFs and rat lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS BMPR2 expression was reduced in fibrotic lungs and lung fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-β. BMPR2 transduction to lung fibroblasts reduced Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and reduced fibronectin production when treated with BMP7. Upregulation of BMPR2 may be a possible strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fukihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanne Maiolo
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Kovac
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiko Wakahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Paul N Reynolds
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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Gremlich S, Cremona TP, Yao E, Chabenet F, Fytianos K, Roth-Kleiner M, Schittny JC. Tenascin-C: Friend or Foe in Lung Aging? Front Physiol 2021; 12:749776. [PMID: 34777012 PMCID: PMC8578707 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung aging is characterized by lung function impairment, ECM remodeling and airspace enlargement. Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with paracrine and autocrine regulatory functions on cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. This matricellular protein is highly expressed during organogenesis and morphogenetic events like injury repair, inflammation or cancer. We previously showed that TNC deficiency affected lung development and pulmonary function, but little is known about its role during pulmonary aging. In order to answer this question, we characterized lung structure and physiology in 18 months old TNC-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. Mice were mechanically ventilated with a basal and high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation protocol for functional analyses. Additional animals were used for histological, stereological and molecular biological analyses. We observed that old TNC-deficient mice exhibited larger lung volume, parenchymal volume, total airspace volume and septal surface area than WT, but similar mean linear intercept. This was accompanied by an increase in proliferation, but not apoptosis or autophagy markers expression throughout the lung parenchyma. Senescent cells were observed in epithelial cells of the conducting airways and in alveolar macrophages, but equally in both genotypes. Total collagen content was doubled in TNC KO lungs. However, basal and HTV ventilation revealed similar respiratory physiological parameters in both genotypes. Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) analysis showed a faint increase in α-SMA positive cells in TNC-deficient lungs, but a marked increase in non-proliferative α-SMA + desmin + cells. Major TNC-related molecular pathways were not up- or down-regulated in TNC-deficient lungs as compared to WT; only minor changes in TLR4 and TGFβR3 mRNA expression were observed. In conclusion, TNC-deficient lungs at 18 months of age showed exaggerated features of the normal structural lung aging described to occur in mice between 12 and 18 months of age. Correlated to the increased pulmonary function parameters previously observed in young adult TNC-deficient lungs and described to occur in normal lung aging between 3 and 6 months of age, TNC might be an advantage in lung aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Gremlich
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Eveline Yao
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Farah Chabenet
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kleanthis Fytianos
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Roth-Kleiner
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Shimoda LA. Cellular Pathways Promoting Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Hypoxia. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:222-233. [PMID: 32490752 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and, potentially, right heart failure. Vascular remodeling is an important contributor to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Hyperproliferation of smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix lead to increased wall thickness, extension of muscle into normally non-muscular arterioles, and vascular stiffening. This review highlights intrinsic and extrinsic modulators contributing to the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Wang Y, Sima X, Ying Y, Huang Y. Exogenous BMP9 promotes lung fibroblast HFL-1 cell activation via ALK1/Smad1/5 signaling in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:728. [PMID: 34007337 PMCID: PMC8120641 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) has recently been described as a crucial regulator in modulating fibroblast-type cell activation. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is a high affinity receptor for BMP9 that exerts its role via Smad1/5. However, the functional roles of BMP9 in activating lung fibroblasts and the underlying signaling pathway are not completely understood. The present study aimed to explore the effect of exogenous BMP9 on human lung fibroblast HFL-1 cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the potential role of the ALK1/Smad1/5 signaling pathway. In the present study, fibroblast proliferation was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, and the mRNA and protein expression of target genes was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot assays, respectively. Compared with the control group, BMP9 treatment increased HFL-1 cell proliferation, mRNA and protein expression of differentiated markers, including α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen and type III collagen, and the expression of ALK1 and phosphorylated Smad1/5 expression. Furthermore, the effects of BMP9 were partially rescued by dorsomorphin-1, an inhibitor of ALK1. The results indicated that BMP9 may serve as a key inducer of lung fibroblast activation and ALK1/Smad1/5 signaling might be associated with BMP9-mediated effects in HFL-1 cells. Therefore, the present study highlighted that the potential role of the BMP9/ALK1/Smad1/5 signaling pathway in the development of pulmonary fibrosis requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Graduate College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Sima
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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19
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Mezawa Y, Orimo A. Phenotypic heterogeneity, stability and plasticity in tumor-promoting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. FEBS J 2021; 289:2429-2447. [PMID: 33786982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are essential for full-blown tumor development. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the TME together with a wide variety of stromal cell types including vascular, inflammatory, and immune cells in the extracellular matrix. CAFs not only promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, but also dampen the efficacy of various therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. CAFs are composed of distinct fibroblast populations presumably with diverse activated fibroblastic states and tumor-promoting phenotypes in a tumor, indicating intratumor heterogeneity in these fibroblasts. Given that CAFs have been implicated in both disease progression and therapeutic responses, elucidating the functional roles of each fibroblast population in CAFs and the molecular mechanisms mediating their phenotypic stability and plasticity in the TME would be crucial for understanding tumor biology. We herein discuss how distinct fibroblast populations comprising CAFs establish their cell identities, in terms of cells-of-origin, stimuli from the TME, and the phenotypes characteristic of activated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Shu DY, Ng K, Wishart TFL, Chui J, Lundmark M, Flokis M, Lovicu FJ. Contrasting roles for BMP-4 and ventromorphins (BMP agonists) in TGFβ-induced lens EMT. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108546. [PMID: 33773977 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling play opposing roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells, a cellular process integral to the pathogenesis of fibrotic cataract. We previously showed that BMP-7-induced Smad1/5 signaling blocks TGFβ-induced Smad2/3-signaling and EMT in rat lens epithelial cell explants. To further explore the antagonistic role of BMPs on TGFβ-signaling, we tested the capability of BMP-4 or newly described BMP agonists, ventromorphins, in blocking TGFβ-induced lens EMT. Primary rat lens epithelial explants were treated with exogenous TGFβ2 alone, or in combination with BMP-4 or ventromorphins. Treatment with TGFβ2 induced lens epithelial cells to undergo EMT and transdifferentiate into myofibroblastic cells with upregulated α-SMA and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 immunofluorescence. BMP-4 was able to suppress this EMT without blocking TGFβ2-nuclear translocation of Smad2/3. In contrast, the BMP agonists, ventromorphins, were unable to block TGFβ2-induced EMT, despite a transient and early ability to significantly reduce TGFβ2-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3. This intriguing disparity highlights new complexities in the responsiveness of the lens to differing BMP-related signaling. Further research is required to better understand the antagonistic relationship between TGFβ and BMPs in lens EMT leading to cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y Shu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Ng
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Juanita Chui
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Malin Lundmark
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Flokis
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Heo JW, Lee EG, Gil B, Kang HS, Kim YH. Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica Associated with Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. Intern Med 2021; 60:3463-3467. [PMID: 34719627 PMCID: PMC8627817 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6682-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is a very rare, benign disorder involving the lumen of the trachea-bronchial tree. However, its etiology is unknown. In our first case, observation for several years showed that TPO worsened as interstitial lung disease was aggravated. In the second case, the lung parenchymal lesion on computed tomography (CT) was found to be compatible with interstitial lung abnormality (ILA). We believe that our cases suggest a common pathogenetic relationship between TPO and fibrotic interstitial lung disease. TGF-β is likely a common factor in the pathogenesis of TPO and fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University H.C.S Hyundae Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Gu Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Gil
- Department of Radiology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
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22
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Frohlich J, Vinciguerra M. Candidate rejuvenating factor GDF11 and tissue fibrosis: friend or foe? GeroScience 2020; 42:1475-1498. [PMID: 33025411 PMCID: PMC7732895 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11 or bone morphogenetic protein 11, BMP11) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is closely related to other family member-myostatin (also known as GDF8). GDF11 was firstly identified in 2004 due to its ability to rejuvenate the function of multiple organs in old mice. However, in the past few years, the heralded rejuvenating effects of GDF11 have been seriously questioned by many studies that do not support the idea that restoring levels of GDF11 in aging improves overall organ structure and function. Moreover, with increasing controversies, several other studies described the involvement of GDF11 in fibrotic processes in various organ setups. This review paper focuses on the GDF11 and its pro- or anti-fibrotic actions in major organs and tissues, with the goal to summarize our knowledge on its emerging role in regulating the progression of fibrosis in different pathological conditions, and to guide upcoming research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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23
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TGF-β Pathway in Salivary Gland Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239138. [PMID: 33266300 PMCID: PMC7730716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is presented in various physiologic and pathologic conditions of the salivary gland. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in several organs, including the salivary glands. Among the TGF-β superfamily members, TGF-β1 and 2 are pro-fibrotic ligands, whereas TGF-β3 and some bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are anti-fibrotic ligands. TGF-β1 is thought to be associated with the pro-fibrotic pathogenesis of sialadenitis, post-radiation salivary gland dysfunction, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Potential therapeutic strategies that target multiple levels in the TGF-β pathway are under preclinical and clinical research for fibrosis. Despite the anti-fibrotic effect of BMPs, their in vivo delivery poses a challenge in terms of adequate clinical efficacy. In this article, we will review the relevance of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland fibrosis and advances of potential therapeutic options in the field.
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24
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Enhanced asthma-related fibroblast to myofibroblast transition is the result of profibrotic TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway intensification and antifibrotic TGF-β/Smad1/5/(8)9 pathway impairment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16492. [PMID: 33020537 PMCID: PMC7536388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodelling with subepithelial fibrosis, which abolishes the physiological functions of the bronchial wall, is a major issue in bronchial asthma. Human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) derived from patients diagnosed with asthma display in vitro predestination towards TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT), a key event in subepithelial fibrosis. As commonly used anti-asthmatic drugs do not reverse the structural changes of the airways, and the molecular mechanism of enhanced asthma-related TGF-β1-induced FMT is poorly understood, we investigated the balance between the profibrotic TGF-β/Smad2/3 and the antifibrotic TGF-β/Smad1/5/9 signalling pathways and its role in the myofibroblast formation of HBF populations derived from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors. Our findings showed for the first time that TGF-β-induced activation of the profibrotic Smad2/3 signalling pathway was enhanced, but the activation of the antifibrotic Smad1/5/(8)9 pathway by TGF-β1 was significantly diminished in fibroblasts from asthmatic donors compared to those from their healthy counterparts. The impairment of the antifibrotic TGF-β/Smad1/5/(8)9 pathway in HBFs derived from asthmatic donors was correlated with enhanced FMT. Furthermore, we showed that Smad1 silencing in HBFs from non-asthmatic donors increased the FMT potential in these cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that activation of antifibrotic Smad signalling via BMP7 or isoliquiritigenin [a small-molecule activator of the TGF-β/Smad1/5/(8)9 pathway] administration prevents FMT in HBFs from asthmatic donors through downregulation of profibrotic genes, e.g., α-SMA and fibronectin. Our data suggest that influencing the balance between the antifibrotic and profibrotic TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways using BMP7-mimetic compounds presents an unprecedented opportunity to inhibit subepithelial fibrosis during airway remodelling in asthma.
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25
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Fu X, Wang W, Li X, Gao Y, Li H, Shen Y. The effect of trace elements on BMP-2, BMP-7 and STRO-1 + cells in hip replacement. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1352-1362. [PMID: 32346345 PMCID: PMC7182999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the correlation between the trace elements in the proximal femur and BMP-2, BMP-7 and STRO-1+ cells in hip replacement, and analyze the therapeutic effect of prosthesis loosening in clinic. Fifty-one patients undergone the first hip replacement in xxx hospital from August 2016 to August 2019 were selected as the study subjects, including 26 females and 25 males, aged 52-89 years. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured in vitro for flow cytometry, and the string-1+ in BMSCs was detected and analyzed. After that, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in the cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of trace elements in the supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay, and the collected data were analyzed statistically. In the analysis of the content of trace elements, it was found that the correlation between trace elements was dependent on the separation area, and all trace elements had no correlation with BMP2. Ca2+, Mg2+ were correlated with the level of BMP7 and Ca2+, VD3 was correlated with the percentage of STOR-1+ cells. Further analysis showed that the correlation between trace elements was dependent on bone mineral density (BMD) area, and there was a positive correlation between vitamin D3 (VD3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), zinc, and BMD in zone 7. To sum up, it is found that trace elements may be related to prosthesis loosening, which provides experimental basis for the treatment of prosthesis loosening later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomiao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjian Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Tan Q, Ma XY, Liu W, Meridew JA, Jones DL, Haak AJ, Sicard D, Ligresti G, Tschumperlin DJ. Nascent Lung Organoids Reveal Epithelium- and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-mediated Suppression of Fibroblast Activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:607-619. [PMID: 31050552 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0390oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are pivotal in lung development, homeostasis, injury, and repair. Organoids have been used to investigate such interactions, but with a major focus on epithelial responses to mesenchyme and less attention to epithelial effects on mesenchyme. In the present study, we used nascent organoids composed of human and mouse lung epithelial and mesenchymal cells to demonstrate that healthy lung epithelium dramatically represses transcriptional, contractile, and matrix synthetic functions of lung fibroblasts. Repression of fibroblast activation requires signaling via the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. BMP signaling is diminished after epithelial injury in vitro and in vivo, and exogenous BMP4 restores fibroblast repression in injured organoids. In contrast, inhibition of BMP signaling in healthy organoids is sufficient to derepress fibroblast matrix synthetic function. Our results reveal potent repression of fibroblast activation by healthy lung epithelium and a novel mechanism by which epithelial loss or injury is intrinsically coupled to mesenchymal activation via loss of repressive BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiao Yin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey A Meridew
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Delphine Sicard
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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27
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Transcriptomic changes during TGF-β-mediated differentiation of airway fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20377. [PMID: 31889146 PMCID: PMC6937312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease in children and young adults worldwide. Airway remodelling (including increased fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in airway walls due to chronic inflammation) differentiates asthmatic from non-asthmatic airways. The increase in airway fibroblasts and myofibroblasts occurs via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) where epithelial cells lose their tight junctions and are transdifferentiated to mesenchymal cells, with further increases in myofibroblasts occurring via fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is the central EMT- and FMT-inducing cytokine. In this study, we have used next generation sequencing to delineate the changes in the transcriptome induced by TGF-β treatment of WI-38 airway fibroblasts in both the short term and after differentiation into myofibroblasts, to gain an understanding of the contribution of TGF-β induced transdifferentiation to the asthmatic phenotype. The data obtained from RNAseq analysis was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and protein expression investigated by western blotting. As expected, we found that genes coding for intermediates in the TGF-β signalling pathways (SMADs) were differentially expressed after TGF-β treatment, SMAD2 being upregulated and SMAD3 being downregulated as expected. Further, genes involved in cytoskeletal pathways (FN1, LAMA, ITGB1) were upregulated in myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts. Importantly, genes that were previously shown to be changed in asthmatic lungs (ADAMTS1, DSP, TIMPs, MMPs) were similarly differentially expressed in myofibroblasts, strongly suggesting that TGF-β mediated differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts may underlie important changes in the asthmatic airway. We also identified new intermediates of signalling pathways (PKB, PTEN) that are changed in myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts. We have found a significant number of genes that are altered after TGF-β induced transdifferentiation of WI-38 fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, many of which were expected or predicted. We also identified novel genes and pathways that were affected after TGF-β treatment, suggesting additional pathways are activated during the transition between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and may contribute to the asthma phenotype.
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28
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Guida G, Riccio AM. Immune induction of airway remodeling. Semin Immunol 2019; 46:101346. [PMID: 31734128 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is accepted to be a determining component within the natural history of asthma. It is a phenomenon characterized by changes in the airways structures that marches in parallel with and can be influenced by airway inflammation, floating at the interface between both natural and adaptive immunity and physical and mechanical cells behavior. In this review we aimed to highlight the comprehensive, yet not exhaustive, evidences of how immune cells induce, regulate and adapt to the recognized markers of airway remodeling. Mucous cell hyperplasia, epithelial dysfunction and mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and restructuration, fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, airway smooth muscle proliferation, bioactive and contractile properties, and vascular remodeling encompass complex physiopathological mechanisms that can be induced, suppressed or regulated by different cellular and molecular pathways. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules expressed or derived either from the immune network of cells infiltrating the asthmatic airways and involving T helper lymphocytes, immune lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells or by the structural components such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, myocytes, airway smooth muscle cells concur with protein cellular matrix component and metalloproteases in modifying the airway structure in a detrimental way. The consequences in lung function decline, fixed airway obstruction and clinical severity of the disease suggest the possibility of identify among the immune molecular pathway of remodeling some biological parameters or signal pathway to be either a good tracer for monitoring the disease evolution or a target for hypothetical phenotypes and endotypes. In the era of personalized medicine, a biomarker of remodeling might predict a response to small-molecule inhibitors or biologicals potentially targeting a fundamental aspect of asthma pathogenesis that impacts on the low responsiveness to airway inflammation directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guida
- Allergology and Lung Pathology, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo - Antonio Carle Hospital, Via Antonio Carle 5, 12100, Confreria (CN), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.
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29
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Kariyawasam HH, Gane SB. Allergen-induced asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and transforming growth factor-β superfamily signaling: mechanisms and functional consequences. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1155-1170. [PMID: 31549888 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1672538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Often co-associated, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are complex heterogeneous disease syndromes. Severity in both is related to tissue inflammation and abnormal repair (termed remodeling). Understanding signaling factors that can modulate, integrate the activation, and regulation of such key processes together is increasingly important. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily of ligands comprise a versatile system of immunomodulatory molecules that are gaining recognition as having an essential function in the immunopathogenesis of asthma. Early data suggest an important role in CRS as well. Abnormal or dysregulated signaling may contribute to disease pathogenesis and severity.Areas covered: The essential biology of this complex family of growth factors in relation to the excess inflammation and remodeling that occurs in allergic asthma and CRS is reviewed. The need to understand the integration of signaling pathways together is highlighted. Studies in human airway tissue are evaluated and only selected key animal models relevant to human disease discussed given the highly context-dependent signaling and function of these ligands.Expert opinion: Abnormal or dysregulated TGF-β superfamily signaling may be central to the excess inflammation and tissue remodeling in asthma, and possibly CRS. Therefore, the TGF-β superfamily signaling pathways represent an emerging and attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha H Kariyawasam
- Department of Adult Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon B Gane
- Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,University College London, London, UK
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30
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Dituri F, Cossu C, Mancarella S, Giannelli G. The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1130. [PMID: 31547567 PMCID: PMC6829314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively participate to bring about cellular processes which are critical not only for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during development, but also for adult tissue homeostasis. The proper functioning of the TGFβ/BMP pathway depends on its communication with other signaling pathways and any deregulation leads to developmental defects or diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. In this review we explore the cellular and physio-pathological contexts in which the synergism or antagonism between the TGFβ and BMP pathways are crucial determinants for the normal developmental processes, as well as the progression of fibrosis and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carla Cossu
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
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Seki M, Furukawa N, Koitabashi N, Obokata M, Conway SJ, Arakawa H, Kurabayashi M. Periostin-expressing cell-specific transforming growth factor-β inhibition in pulmonary artery prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220795. [PMID: 31437169 PMCID: PMC6705784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has been shown to play a critical role in pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) although the precise role of TGF-β signaling remains uncertain. A recent report has shown that periostin (Pn) is one of the most upregulated proteins in human PAH lung compared with healthy lungs. We established type I TGF-β receptor knockout mice specifically with Pn expressing cell (Pn-Cre/Tgfb1fl/fl mice). Increases in PA pressure and pulmonary artery muscularization were induced by hypoxia of 10% oxygen for 4 weeks. Lung Pn expression was markedly induced by 4 week-hypoxia. Pn-Cre/Tgfb1fl/fl mice showed lower right ventricular pressure elevation, inhibition of PA medial thickening. Fluorescent co-immunostaining showed that Smad3 activation in Pn expressing cell is attenuated. These results suggest that TGF-β signaling in Pn expressing cell may have an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH by controlling medial thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Seki
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hirokazu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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32
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Zou GL, Zuo S, Lu S, Hu RH, Lu YY, Yang J, Deng KS, Wu YT, Mu M, Zhu JJ, Zeng JZ, Zhang BF, Wu X, Zhao XK, Li HY. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 represses hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis via regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4222-4234. [PMID: 31435175 PMCID: PMC6700693 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a refractory disease whose persistence can eventually induce cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Early liver fibrosis is reversible by intervention. As a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) has anti-liver fibrosis functions. However, little is known about BMP7 expression changes and its potential regulatory mechanism as well as the relationship between BMP7 and TGF-β during liver fibrosis. In addition, the mechanism underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7 needs to be further explored.
AIM To investigate changes in the dynamic expression of BMP7 during liver fibrosis, interactions between BMP7 and TGF-β1, and possible mechanisms underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7.
METHODS Changes in BMP7 expression during liver fibrosis and the interaction between BMP7 and TGF-β1 in mice were observed. Exogenous BMP7 was used to treat mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to observe its effect on activation, migration, and proliferation of HSCs and explore the possible mechanism underlying the anti-liver fibrosis function of BMP7. Mice with liver fibrosis received exogenous BMP7 intervention to observe improvement of liver fibrosis by using Masson’s trichrome staining and detecting the expression of the HSC activation indicator alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the collagen formation associated protein type I collagen (Col I). Changes in the dynamic expression of BMP7 during liver fibrosis in the human body were further observed.
RESULTS In the process of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice, BMP7 protein expression first increased, followed by a decrease; there was a similar trend in the human body. This process was accompanied by a sustained increase in TGF-β1 protein expression. In vitro experiment results showed that TGF-β1 inhibited BMP7 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, high doses of exogenous BMP7 inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation, migration, and proliferation of HSCs; this inhibitory effect was associated with upregulation of pSmad1/5/8 and downregulation of phosphorylation of Smad3 and p38 by BMP7. In vivo experiment results showed that exogenous BMP7 improved liver fibrosis in mice.
CONCLUSION During liver fibrosis, BMP7 protein expression first increases and then decreases. This changing trend is associated with inhibition of BMP7 expression by sustained upregulation of TGF-β1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Exogenous BMP7 could selectively regulate TGF-β/Smad pathway-associated factors to inhibit activation, migration, and proliferation of HSCs and exert anti-liver fibrosis functions. Exogenous BMP7 has the potential to be used as an anti-liver fibrosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Liang Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui-Han Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ye-Ting Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mao Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Zhang Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bao-Fang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hai-Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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Jin J, Togo S, Kadoya K, Tulafu M, Namba Y, Iwai M, Watanabe J, Nagahama K, Okabe T, Hidayat M, Kodama Y, Kitamura H, Ogura T, Kitamura N, Ikeo K, Sasaki S, Tominaga S, Takahashi K. Pirfenidone attenuates lung fibrotic fibroblast responses to transforming growth factor-β1. Respir Res 2019; 20:119. [PMID: 31185973 PMCID: PMC6558902 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic agent used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), functions by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation, which is involved in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced IPF pathogenesis. However, unlike normal lung fibroblasts, the relationship between pirfenidone responses of TGF-β1-induced human fibrotic lung fibroblasts and lung fibrosis has not been elucidated. METHODS The effects of pirfenidone were evaluated in lung fibroblasts isolated from fibrotic human lung tissues after TGF-β1 exposure. The ability of two new pharmacological targets of pirfenidone, collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1(CTHRC1) and four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2), to mediate contraction of collagen gels and migration toward fibronectin were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Compared to control lung fibroblasts, pirfenidone significantly restored TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction, migration, and CTHRC1 release in lung fibrotic fibroblasts. Furthermore, pirfenidone attenuated TGF-β1- and CTHRC1-induced fibroblast activity, upregulation of bone morphogenic protein-4(BMP-4)/Gremlin1, and downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and FHL2, similar to that observed post-CTHRC1 inhibition. In contrast, FHL2 inhibition suppressed migration and fibronectin expression, but did not downregulate CTHRC1. CONCLUSIONS Overall, pirfenidone suppressed fibrotic fibroblast-mediated fibrotic processes via inverse regulation of CTHRC1-induced lung fibroblast activity. Thus, CTHRC1 can be used for predicting pirfenidone response and developing new therapeutic targets for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Kadoya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miniwan Tulafu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yukiko Namba
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Moe Iwai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kumi Nagahama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Moulid Hidayat
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Norikazu Kitamura
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tominaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Tuncer E, Calçada RR, Zingg D, Varum S, Cheng P, Freiberger SN, Deng CX, Kleiter I, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Sommer L. SMAD signaling promotes melanoma metastasis independently of phenotype switching. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2702-2716. [PMID: 31039140 DOI: 10.1172/jci94295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metastatic melanoma is thought to require the dynamic shifting of neoplastic cells between proliferative and invasive phenotypes. Contrary to this conventional "phenotype switching" model, we now show that disease progression can involve malignant melanoma cells simultaneously displaying proliferative and invasive properties. Using a genetic mouse model of melanoma in combination with in vitro analyses of melanoma cell lines, we found that conditional deletion of the downstream signaling molecule Smad4, which abrogates all canonical TGF-β signaling, indeed inhibits both tumor growth and metastasis. Conditional deletion of the inhibitory signaling factor Smad7, however, generated cells that are both highly invasive and proliferative, indicating that invasiveness is compatible with a high proliferation rate. In fact, conditional Smad7 deletion led to sustained melanoma growth and at the same time promoted massive metastasis formation, a result consistent with data indicating that low SMAD7 levels in patient tumors are associated with a poor survival. Our findings reveal that modulation of SMAD7 levels can overcome the need for phenotype switching during tumor progression and may thus represent a novel therapeutic target in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Tuncer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel R Calçada
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zingg
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Varum
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany and Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbH, Berg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Hoerst K, van den Broek L, Sachse C, Klein O, von Fritschen U, Gibbs S, Hedtrich S. Regenerative potential of adipocytes in hypertrophic scars is mediated by myofibroblast reprogramming. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:761-775. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Zhang G, Cui G, Tong S, Cao Q. Salvianolic acid A alleviates the renal damage in rats with chronic renal failure1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900204. [PMID: 30843937 PMCID: PMC6585911 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8650201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the protective effects of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on renal
damage in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods The five-sixth nephrectomy model of CRF was successfully established in
group CRF (10 rats) and group CRF+SAA (10 rats). Ten rats were selected as
sham-operated group (group S), in which only the capsules of both kidneys
were removed. The rats in group CRF+SAA were intragastrically administrated
with 10 mg/kg SAA for 8 weeks. The blood urine nitrogen (BUN), urine
creatinine (Ucr), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), and serum uperoxide
dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were tested. The expressions of
transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7)
and Smad6 protein in renal tissue were determined. Results After treatment, compared with group CRF, in group CRF+SAA the BUN, Scr,
serum MDA and kidney/body weight ratio were decreased, the Ccr and serum SOD
were increased, the TGF-β1 protein expression level in renal tissue was
decreased, and the BMP-7 and Smad6 protein levels were increased (all P <
0.05). Conclusion SAA can alleviate the renal damage in CRF rats through anti-oxidant stress,
down-regulation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway and up-regulation of BMP-7/Smad6
signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhang
- Master, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital, Beihua University, China. Technical procedures, final approval
| | - Guanghua Cui
- Bachelor, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, China. Acquisition of data, statistics analysis, final approval
| | - Shuangxi Tong
- Master, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital, Beihua University, China. Manuscript preparation, final approval
| | - Qingxian Cao
- Master, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital, Beihua University, China. Design of the study, critical revision, final approval
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT By compiling findings from recent studies, this review will garner novel insight on the dynamic and complex role of BMP signaling in diseases of inflammation, highlighting the specific roles played by both individual ligands and endogenous antagonists. Ultimately, this summary will help inform the high therapeutic value of targeting this pathway for modulating diseases of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
Medicine and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
Medicine and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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38
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Rabieian R, Moein S, Khanahmad H, Mortazavi M, Gheisari Y. Transcriptional noise in intact and TGF-beta treated human kidney cells; the importance of time-series designs. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1265-1269. [PMID: 29802744 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway plays a key role in various cellular processes. However, insufficient knowledge about the complex and sometimes paradoxical functions of this pathway hinders its therapeutic targeting. In this study, the transcriptional profile of seven mediators and downstream elements of the TGF-β pathway were assessed in TGF-β treated and untreated human kidney derived cells for 2 weeks in a time course manner. As expected the up-regulation of ACTA2 and COL1A2 was evident in the treated cells. However, we observed remarkable fluctuations in gene expression, even in the supposedly steady states. The magnitude of noise was diverse in the examined genes. Our findings underscore the significance of time-course designs for gene expression analyses and clearly show that misleading data can be obtained in single point measurements. Furthermore, we propose specific considerations in the interpretation of time-course data in the context of noisy gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Rabieian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Moein
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mortazavi
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Regenerative Medicine Lab, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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39
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Guan C, Qiao S, Lv Q, Cao N, Wang K, Dai Y, Wei Z. Orally administered berberine ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through promoting activation of PPAR-γ and subsequent expression of HGF in colons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 343:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Vitenberga Z, Pilmane M. Age-related lung tissue remodeling due to the local distribution of MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β and Hsp70. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:239-248. [PMID: 29325453 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1421322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue remodeling requires complex interactions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), transforming growth factor (TGF) family and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). We evaluated the appearance and distribution of MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1 and Hsp70 in lung tissue using immunohistochemistry. Stained structures were graded semiquantitatively. Overall, more MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1 and Hsp70 were observed in bronchial cartilage, bronchial and alveola repithelium, and among alveolar macrophages. We evaluated mostly alveolar macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells and mucosal fibroblasts stained for TGF-β1, MMP-2 and TIMP-2. We also assessed strong or moderate correlations between numbers of cells containing TGF-β1, MMP-2, TIMP-2 in patients ≥ 60 years old. The presence of less TGF-β1 and more MMP-2, TIMP-2 and Hsp70 containing cells in all tissue groups indicated that local regulation was more dependent on MMP-2, TIMP-2 and Hsp70 distribution. Fewer TIMP-2, Hsp70 and TGF-β1 immunoreactive cells in younger individuals and increased expression of Hsp70 in elderly individuals demonstrated the influence of aging in lung remodeling. Findings of MMP-2, TIMP-2 and TGF-β1 immunoreactive cells in elderly individuals indicate lung remodeling due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Vitenberga
- a Riga Stradins University , Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Department of Morphology , Riga , Latvia
| | - M Pilmane
- a Riga Stradins University , Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Department of Morphology , Riga , Latvia
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41
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Wujak L, Schnieder J, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. LRP1: A chameleon receptor of lung inflammation and repair. Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:366-381. [PMID: 29262309 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lung displays a remarkable capability to regenerate following injury. Considerable effort has been made thus far to understand the cardinal processes underpinning inflammation and reconstruction of lung tissue. However, the factors determining the resolution or persistence of inflammation and efficient wound healing or aberrant remodeling remain largely unknown. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic/signaling cell surface receptor which controls cellular and molecular mechanisms driving the physiological and pathological inflammatory reactions and tissue remodeling in several organs. In this review, we will discuss the impact of LRP1 on the consecutive steps of the inflammatory response and its role in the balanced tissue repair and aberrant remodeling in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Wujak
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schnieder
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Goethe University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
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Cervantes-Garcia D, Cuellar-Juarez AG, Borrego-Soto G, Rojas-Martinez A, Aldaba-Muruato LR, Salinas E, Ventura-Juarez J, Muñoz-Ortega MH. Adenoviral‑bone morphogenetic protein‑7 and/or doxazosin therapies promote the reversion of fibrosis/cirrhosis in a cirrhotic hamster model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9431-9440. [PMID: 29039539 PMCID: PMC5780000 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs in the presence of continuous insults, including toxic or biological agents. Novel treatments must focus on ceasing the progression of cellular damage, promoting the regeneration of the parenchyma and inhibition of the fibrotic process. The present study analyzed the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 gene therapy with or without co-treatment with doxazosin in a model of liver cirrhosis in hamsters. The serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and albumin levels were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Tissue hepatic samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin for parenchymal structure and Sirius red for collagen fiber content. BMP-7 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. BMP-7 and collagen type I content in hepatic tissue were analyzed by western blotting, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study detected a significant reduction of collagen type I deposits in the group treated with adenoviral-transduction with BMP-7 and doxazosin. In animals with BMP-7 and doxazosin therapy, α-SMA-positive cells were 31.7 and 29% significantly decreased compared with animals with placebo, respectively. Adenoviral-BMP-7 transduction and/or doxazosin treatments actively induced decrement in type I collagen deposition via increased MMP-13 and reduced TIMP-2 expression. In conclusion, the adenovirus-BMP-7 gene therapy and the doxazosin therapy are potential candidates for the diminution of fibrosis in the liver, although combination of both therapies does not improve the individual anti-fibrotic effect once cirrhosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cervantes-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Gissela Borrego-Soto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, 64710 Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, 64710 Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Liseth Rubi Aldaba-Muruato
- Department of Morphology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juarez
- Department of Morphology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Martin Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Department of Chemistry, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Yu X, Gu P, Huang Z, Fang X, Jiang Y, Luo Q, Li X, Zhu X, Zhan M, Wang J, Fan L, Chen R, Yu J, Gu Y, Liang A, Yi X. Reduced expression of BMP3 contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis and predicts the unfavorable prognosis in IIP patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80531-80544. [PMID: 29113323 PMCID: PMC5655218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (INSIP) are two related diseases involving varying degrees of pulmonary fibrosis with no effective cure. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) super-family, which has not been implicated in pulmonary fibrosis previously. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of BMP3 playing in pulmonary fibrosis from clinical diagnosis to molecular signaling regulation. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the potential biomarker of IIP patients. The expression of BMP3 was evaluated in 83 cases of IPF and INSIP by immunohistochemistry. The function of BMP3 was investigated in both fibroblast cells and a bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis model. The clinical relevance of BMP3 expression were analyzed in 47 IIP patients, which were included in 83 cases and possess more than five-year follow-up data. Both RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that BMP3 was significantly down-regulated in lung tissues of patients with IPF and INSIP. Consistently, lower expression of BMP3 also was found in pulmonary fibrotic tissues of bleomycin-induced mice model. Up-regulation of BMP3 prevented pulmonary fibrosis processing through inhibiting cellular proliferation of fibroblasts as well as TGF-β1 signal transduction. Finally, the relatively higher expression of BMP3 in IPF patients was associated with less/worse mortality. Intravenous injection of recombinant BMP3. Taken together, our results suggested that the low expression level of BMP3 may indicate the unfavorable prognosis of IPF patients, targeting BMP3 may represent a novel potential therapeutic method for pulmonary fibrosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ziling Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xia Fang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tongji Hosptial, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qun Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji Universiy School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuyou Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Mengna Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbang Wang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lichao Fan
- Department of Respiratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tongji Hosptial, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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44
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Wang Y, Ren S, Liu L, Yao R, Ma X, Chen L. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 alleviates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis via TGF-β1/Erk1/2 pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8503-8509. [PMID: 31966703 PMCID: PMC6965432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) recently demonstrates an anti-fibrotic effect. To evaluate the role of BMP-7 in paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, PQ-exposed mice and lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were treated with BMP-7. Our results showed that BMP-7 treatment could significantly reduce PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis, accompanied by downregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and collagen I deposition in mouse lungs. Moreover, PQ-induced inviability, apoptosis, high level of collagen I, as well as phosphorylation of Erk1/2, in MRC-5 cells were significantly inhibited by BMP-7 treatment. These findings indicate BMP-7 alleviates PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis partly via TGF-β1/Erk1/2 pathway, suggesting a promising therapeutic means for PQ-induced fibrotic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu First People’s HospitalChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 363 HospitalChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu First People’s HospitalChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
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45
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Yu Z, Zai-Chun X, Wun-Lun H, Yun-Yun Z. BMP-7 Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Fibronectin Secretion and Apoptosis of NRK-52E Cells by the Suppression of miRNA-21. Oncol Res 2016; 23:147-54. [PMID: 27053343 PMCID: PMC7838750 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14519157902645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) inhibited the pathogenesis of renal injury in response to a variety of stimuli. However, little is known about the molecular regulation and mechanism of endogenous BMP-7 and its renoprotective functions. This study examined the regulation of BMP-7 and its role in the fibronectin secretion and apoptosis of NRK-52E cells resulting from transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vitro. Results showed that TGF-β1 promoted factor-associated suicide (FAS), FAS ligand (FASL), fibronectin (FN), and miRNA-21 expression, while it downregulated phospho-Smad1 (pSmad1), pSmad5, and pSmad8 expressions in NRK-52E cells. In contrast, BMP-7 alleviated TGF-β1-induced cell apoptosis, inhibited TGF-β1-induced higher expression of miRNA-21 and FN, and enhanced TGF-β1-attenuated phosphorylation of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8. Furthermore, a chemical inhibitor of miRNA-21 also negatively affected TGF-β1-induced apoptosis and FN secretion. On the other hand, overexpression of miRNA-21 counteracted the inhibitory effect of BMP-7 on TGF-β1-induced FN secretion and apoptosis. However, BMP-7 showed no effects on TGF-β1-induced FN secretion and apoptosis following knockdown of miRNA-21. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that BMP-7 might inhibit TGF-β1-induced FN secretion and apoptosis by the suppression of miRNA-21 in NRK-52E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Yamamoto Y, Ihara M. Disruption of transforming growth factor-β superfamily signaling: A shared mechanism underlying hereditary cerebral small vessel disease. Neurochem Int 2016; 107:211-218. [PMID: 28034724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is not only one of the leading causes of cognitive impairment but also an important contributory factor in Alzheimer's disease. SVD and related white matter changes are common in the elderly, but the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The end-stage pathology of SVD often involves replacement of vascular smooth muscle cells with collagenous or other nontensile fibrillary material. Recent studies on hereditary SVD have revealed a close relationship between small vessel pathology and disruption of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling. TGF-β superfamily members, such as TGF-β and bone morphogenetic proteins, are multifunctional proteins that regulate production of extracellular matrix proteins, which in turn control the bioavailability of TGF-β superfamily members and modulate their signaling activities. This article reviews hereditary disorders with small vessel pathology and their relation to TGF-β superfamily signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yamamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
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47
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Jonigk D, Rath B, Borchert P, Braubach P, Maegel L, Izykowski N, Warnecke G, Sommer W, Kreipe H, Blach R, Anklamm A, Haverich A, Eder M, Stadler M, Welte T, Gottlieb J, Kuehnel M, Laenger F. Comparative analysis of morphological and molecular motifs in bronchiolitis obliterans and alveolar fibroelastosis after lung and stem cell transplantation. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 3:17-28. [PMID: 28138398 PMCID: PMC5259562 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the major obstacle to long‐term survival following lung transplantation (LuTx). Morphologically CLAD is defined by obliterative remodelling of the small airways (bronchiolitis obliterans, BO) as well as a more recently described collagenous obliteration of alveoli with elastosis summarised as alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE). Both patterns are not restricted to pulmonary allografts, but have also been reported following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and radio chemotherapy (RC). In this study we performed compartment‐specific morphological and molecular analysis of BO and AFE lesions in human CLAD (n = 22), HSCT (n = 29) and RC (n = 6) lung explants, utilising conventional histopathology, laser‐microdissection, PCR techniques and immunohistochemistry to assess fibrosis‐associated gene and protein expression. Three key results emerged from our analysis of fibrosis‐associated genes: (i) generally speaking, “BO is BO”. Despite the varying clinical backgrounds, the molecular characteristics of BO lesions were found to be alike in all groups. (ii) “AFE is AFE”. In all groups of patients suffering from restrictive changes to lung physiology due to AFE there were largely – but not absolutely ‐ identical gene expression patterns. iii) BO concomitant to AFE after LuTx is characterised by an AFE‐like molecular microenvironment, representing the only exception to (i). Additionally, we describe an evolutionary model for the AFE pattern: a non‐specific fibrin‐rich reaction to injury pattern triggers a misguided resolution attempt and eventual progression towards manifest AFE. Our data point towards an absence of classical fibrinolytic enzymes and an alternative fibrin degrading mechanism via macrophages, resulting in fibrous remodelling and restrictive functional changes. These data may serve as diagnostic adjuncts and help to predict the clinical course of respiratory dysfunction in LuTx and HSCT patients. Moreover, analysis of the mechanism of fibrinolysis and fibrogenesis may unveil potential therapeutic targets to alter the course of the eventually fatal lung remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH)HanoverGermany; The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany
| | - Berenice Rath
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Paul Borchert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Lavinia Maegel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Nicole Izykowski
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany; Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular SurgeryMedical School HanoverHanoverGermany
| | - Wiebke Sommer
- The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany; Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular SurgeryMedical School HanoverHanoverGermany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Robert Blach
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Adrian Anklamm
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hanover Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany; Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular SurgeryMedical School HanoverHanoverGermany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Medical School Hanover Hanover Germany
| | - Michael Stadler
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Medical School Hanover Hanover Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jens Gottlieb
- The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mark Kuehnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH)HanoverGermany; The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany
| | - Florian Laenger
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH)HanoverGermany; The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hanover (BREATH)HanoverGermany
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48
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Kuehnel M, Maegel L, Vogel-Claussen J, Robertus JL, Jonigk D. Airway remodelling in the transplanted lung. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:663-675. [PMID: 27837271 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Following lung transplantation, fibrotic remodelling of the small airways has been recognized for almost 5 decades as the main correlate of chronic graft failure and a major obstacle to long-term survival. Mainly due to airway fibrosis, pulmonary allografts currently show the highest attrition rate of all solid organ transplants, with a 5-year survival rate of 58 % on a worldwide scale. The observation that these morphological changes are not just the hallmark of chronic rejection but rather represent a manifestation of a multitude of alloimmune-dependent and -independent injuries was made more recently, as was the discovery that chronic lung allograft dysfunction manifests in different clinical phenotypes of respiratory impairment and corresponding morphological subentities. Although recent years have seen considerable advances in identifying and categorizing these subgroups on the basis of clinical, functional and histomorphological changes, as well as susceptibility to medicinal treatment, this process is far from over. Since the actual pathophysiological mechanisms governing airway remodelling are still only poorly understood, diagnosis and therapy of chronic lung allograft dysfunction presents a major challenge to clinicians, radiologists and pathologists alike. Here, we review and discuss the current state of the literature on chronic lung allograft dysfunction and shed light on classification systems, corresponding clinical and morphological changes, key cellular players and underlying molecular pathways, as well as on emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kuehnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hanover, Germany
| | - Lavinia Maegel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Jan Lukas Robertus
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Histopathology, Hanover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hanover, Germany.
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49
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Msx1 and Msx2 function together in the regulation of primordial germ cell migration in the mouse. Dev Biol 2016; 417:11-24. [PMID: 27435625 PMCID: PMC5407493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are a highly migratory cell population that gives rise to eggs and sperm. Much is known about PGC specification, but less about the processes that control PGC migration. In this study, we document a deficiency in PGC development in embryos carrying global homozygous null mutations in Msx1 and Msx2, both immediate downstream effectors of Bmp signaling pathway. We show that Msx1−/−;Msx2−/− mutant embryos have defects in PGC migration as well as a reduced number of PGCs. These phenotypes are also evident in a Mesp1-Cre-mediated mesoderm-specific mutant line of Msx1 and Msx2. Since PGCs are not marked in Mesp1-lineage tracing, our results suggest that Msx1 and Msx2 function cell non-autonomously in directing PGC migration. Consistent with this hypothesis, we noted an upregulation of fibronectin, well known as a mediator of cell migration, in tissues through which PGCs migrate. We also noted a reduction in the expression of Wnt5a and an increase in the expression in Bmp4 in such tissues in Msx1−/−;Msx2−/− mutants, both known effectors of PGC development.
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50
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Izykowski N, Kuehnel M, Hussein K, Mitschke K, Gunn M, Janciauskiene S, Haverich A, Warnecke G, Laenger F, Maus U, Jonigk D. Organizing pneumonia in mice and men. J Transl Med 2016; 14:169. [PMID: 27282780 PMCID: PMC4901413 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organizing pneumonia is a reaction pattern and an inflammatory response to acute lung injuries, and is characterized by intraluminal plugs of granulation tissue in distal airspaces. In contrast to other fibrotic pulmonary diseases, organizing pneumonia is generally responsive to corticosteroids. However, some patients do not respond to treatment, leading to respiratory failure and potentially death (up to 15 % of patients). In order to devise new therapeutic strategies, a better understanding of the disease's pathomechanisms is warranted. We previously generated a mouse model overexpressing CCL2, which generates organizing pneumonia-like changes, morphologically comparable to human patients. In this study, we investigated whether the histopathological similarities of human and murine pulmonary organizing pneumonia lesions also involve similar molecular pathways. METHODS We analyzed the similarities and differences of fibrosis-associated gene expression in individual compartments from patients with organizing pneumonia and transgenic (CCL2) mice using laser-assisted microdissection, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Gene expression profiling of human and murine organizing pneumonia lesions showed in part comparable expression levels of pivotal genes, notably of TGFB1/Tgfb1, TIMP1/Timp1, TIMP2/Timp2, COL3A1/Col3a1, CXCL12/Cxcl12, MMP2/Mmp2 and IL6/Il6. Hence, the transgenic CCL2 mouse model shows not only pathogenomic and morphological features of human organizing pneumonia but also a similar inflammatory profile. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the CCL2-overexpressing transgenic mouse model (CCL2 Tg mice) is suitable for further investigation of fibrotic pulmonary remodeling, particularly of organizing pneumonia pathogenesis and for the search for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Izykowski
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Mark Kuehnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kais Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Mitschke
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Gunn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Florian Laenger
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Maus
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
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