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Stanojković A, Skoupý S, Johannesson H, Dvořák P. The global speciation continuum of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2122. [PMID: 38459017 PMCID: PMC10923798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Speciation is a continuous process driven by genetic, geographic, and ecological barriers to gene flow. It is widely investigated in multicellular eukaryotes, yet we are only beginning to comprehend the relative importance of mechanisms driving the emergence of barriers to gene flow in microbial populations. Here, we explored the diversification of the nearly ubiquitous soil cyanobacterium Microcoleus. Our dataset consisted of 291 genomes, of which 202 strains and eight herbarium specimens were sequenced for this study. We found that Microcoleus represents a global speciation continuum of at least 12 lineages, which radiated during Eocene/Oligocene aridification and exhibit varying degrees of divergence and gene flow. The lineage divergence has been driven by selection, geographical distance, and the environment. Evidence of genetic divergence and selection was widespread across the genome, but we identified regions of exceptional differentiation containing candidate genes associated with stress response and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stanojković
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Skoupý
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Johannesson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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2
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Liao J, Guo X, Li S, Anupoju SMB, Cheng RA, Weller DL, Sullivan G, Zhang H, Deng X, Wiedmann M. Comparative genomics unveils extensive genomic variation between populations of Listeria species in natural and food-associated environments. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:85. [PMID: 37598265 PMCID: PMC10439904 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Comprehending bacterial genomic variation linked to distinct environments can yield novel insights into mechanisms underlying differential adaptation and transmission of microbes across environments. Gaining such insights is particularly crucial for pathogens as it benefits public health surveillance. However, the understanding of bacterial genomic variation is limited by a scarcity of investigations in genomic variation coupled with different ecological contexts. To address this limitation, we focused on Listeria, an important bacterial genus for food safety that includes the human pathogen L. monocytogenes, and analyzed a large-scale genomic dataset collected by us from natural and food-associated environments across the United States. Through comparative genomics analyses on 449 isolates from the soil and 390 isolates from agricultural water and produce processing facilities representing L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, L. innocua, and L. welshimeri, we find that the genomic profiles strongly differ by environments within each species. This is supported by the environment-associated subclades and differential presence of plasmids, stress islands, and accessory genes involved in cell envelope biogenesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Core genomes of Listeria species are also strongly associated with environments and can accurately predict isolation sources at the lineage level in L. monocytogenes using machine learning. We find that the large environment-associated genomic variation in Listeria appears to be jointly driven by soil property, climate, land use, and accompanying bacterial species, chiefly representing Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Collectively, our data suggest that populations of Listeria species have genetically adapted to different environments, which may limit their transmission from natural to food-associated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Liao
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaoting Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Rachel A Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel L Weller
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Business Information Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Félix B, Capitaine K, Te S, Felten A, Gillot G, Feurer C, van den Bosch T, Torresi M, Sréterné Lancz Z, Delannoy S, Brauge T, Midelet G, Leblanc JC, Roussel S. Identification by High-Throughput Real-Time PCR of 30 Major Circulating Listeria monocytogenes Clonal Complexes in Europe. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0395422. [PMID: 37158749 PMCID: PMC10269651 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03954-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes a foodborne illness, listeriosis. Most strains can be classified into major clonal complexes (CCs) that account for the majority of outbreaks and sporadic cases in Europe. In addition to the 20 CCs known to account for the majority of human and animal clinical cases, 10 CCs are frequently reported in food production, thereby posing a serious challenge for the agrifood industry. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these 30 major CCs. The high-throughput real-time PCR assay presented here provides accurate identification of these 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations, along with the molecular serogroup of a strain. Based on the BioMark high-throughput real-time PCR system, our assay analyzes 46 strains against 40 real-time PCR arrays in a single experiment. This European study (i) designed the assay from a broad panel of 3,342 L. monocytogenes genomes, (ii) tested its sensitivity and specificity on 597 sequenced strains collected from 24 European countries, and (iii) evaluated its performance in the typing of 526 strains collected during surveillance activities. The assay was then optimized for conventional multiplex real-time PCR for easy implementation in food laboratories. It has already been used for outbreak investigations. It represents a key tool for assisting food laboratories to establish strain relatedness with human clinical strains during outbreak investigations and for helping food business operators by improving their microbiological management plans. IMPORTANCE Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the reference method for Listeria monocytogenes typing but is expensive and takes time to perform, from 3 to 5 days for laboratories that outsource sequencing. Thirty major MLST clonal complexes (CCs) are circulating in the food chain and are currently identifiable only by sequencing. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these CCs. The method presented here enables the rapid identification, by real-time PCR, of 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations. The assay was then optimized on different conventional multiplex real-time PCR systems for easy implementation in food laboratories. The two assays will be used for frontline identification of L. monocytogenes isolates prior to whole-genome sequencing. Such assays are of great interest for all food industry stakeholders and public agencies for tracking L. monocytogenes food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Félix
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Karine Capitaine
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine Te
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané/Niort Laboratory, Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP–The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, Le Rheu, France
| | - Tijs van den Bosch
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Department of Bacteriology, Molecular Technology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Torresi
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Sréterné Lancz
- Microbiological National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Food Chain Safety Laboratory Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jean-Charles Leblanc
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Skowron K, Wałecka-Zacharska E. Genomic and pathogenicity islands of Listeria monocytogenes-overview of selected aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1161486. [PMID: 37388250 PMCID: PMC10300472 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1161486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a disease characterized by a high mortality rate (up to 30%). Since the pathogen is highly tolerant to changing conditions (high and low temperature, wide pH range, low availability of nutrients), it is widespread in the environment, e.g., water, soil, or food. L. monocytogenes possess a number of genes that determine its high virulence potential, i.e., genes involved in the intracellular cycle (e.g., prfA, hly, plcA, plcB, inlA, inlB), response to stress conditions (e.g., sigB, gadA, caspD, clpB, lmo1138), biofilm formation (e.g., agr, luxS), or resistance to disinfectants (e.g., emrELm, bcrABC, mdrL). Some genes are organized into genomic and pathogenicity islands. The islands LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 contain genes related to the infectious life cycle and survival in the food processing environment, while LGI-1 and LGI-2 potentially ensure survival and durability in the production environment. Researchers constantly have been searching for new genes determining the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Understanding the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes is an important element of public health protection, as highly pathogenic strains may be associated with outbreaks and the severity of listeriosis. This review summarizes the selected aspects of L. monocytogenes genomic and pathogenicity islands, and the importance of whole genome sequencing for epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Koopmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José A Vázquez-Boland
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Manyi-Loh CE, Okoh AI, Lues R. Occurrence and Multidrug Resistance in Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Recovered from the Anaerobic Co-Digestion Sludge Contained in a Single Stage Steel Biodigester: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030725. [PMID: 36985298 PMCID: PMC10056191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen with inherent adaptability to tolerate environmental and physiological stresses, thereby causing severe disease outbreaks. Antibiotic resistant foodborne pathogens are a challenge to the food industry. A total of 18 samples were pooled from a bio-digester co-digesting swine manure/pinewood sawdust, and evaluated for the occurrence of bacterium plus total viable counts using the spread plate method. The recovered bacterial isolates were presumptively identified by growth on selective medium and confirmed by biochemical characterisation, leading to the isolation of 43 L. monocytogenes. The isolates were characterized based on their susceptibility to antibiotics via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique against a panel of 14 antibiotics. Equally, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and MAR phenotypes generated. The bacterial counts were between 102 and104 cfu/mL. Complete susceptibility (100%) was demonstrated to ampicillin, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole, which are the drugs of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. In addition, intermediate sensitivity occurred at 25.58% to cefotaxime, and the highest resistance (51.16%) was exhibited against nalidixic acid. The MAR index ranged from 0 to 0.71. Overall, 41.86% of the Listeria isolates displayed multidrug resistance, with 18 different MAR phenotypes, demonstrating CIP, E, C, TET, AUG, S, CTX, NA, AML, NI as the greatest MAR phenotype. It can be concluded that the isolates yielding MAR > 0.2 originated from the farm, where antibiotics had been in routine use. Therefore, strict monitoring of antibiotics use in the farm is crucial to mitigate further increase in antibiotic resistance amongst these bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Echakachi Manyi-Loh
- Centre of Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-738324268
| | - Anthony Ifeanyin Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ryk Lues
- Centre of Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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Dong Z, Sun Y, Cao Q, Liu H, Liu Y, Cao Q, Wei H, Song C, Gou H, Xue H. Prevalence and Biological Characteristics of Listeria Species Isolated from Livestock and Poultry Meat in Gansu Province, China. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:11-20. [PMID: 36929888 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread foodborne pathogen contaminating foods during their production or processing stages. Fresh meat is susceptible to such contamination if it is not properly preserved. Our study was conducted to reveal the level of contamination and prevalence of Listeria spp. present in livestock and poultry meat from Gansu province. A total of 1,387 samples were collected from five cities in Gansu Province according to standard sampling procedures, of which 174 samples (12.5%) were positive for Listeria species. Among them, 14 isolates of L. monocytogenes (1.0%), 150 isolates of Listeria innocua (10.8%), and ten isolates of Listeria welshimeri (0.7%) were identified by conventional bacteriological and molecular identification methods. All isolates were subjected to serological assays, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, growth curve assays, determination of biofilm-forming capacity, and cluster analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Four predominant serotypes of L. monocytogenes were identified, including 1/2a (35.7%, 5/14), 1/2b (14.3%, 2/14), 1/2c (42.9%, 6/14), and 4b (7.1%, 1/14). All L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to tetracycline and cefoxitin. Most L. innocua isolates (63.6%, 14/22) and L. welshimeri (40%, 4/10) were resistant to tetracycline. The high biofilm-forming ability was observed among 1/2c and 1/2a serotype isolates. The cluster analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a close genetic relationship between the three Listeria species. This study fills the gap in the knowledge of livestock and poultry meat that carry Listeria in slaughterhouses and markets in Gansu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Dong
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- 2Highway Animal and Plant Joint Epidemic Prevention and Quarantine Station, Hami, China
| | - Qing Cao
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- 3Lanzhou Animal's Sanitation Inspection, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qihang Cao
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huilin Wei
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Song
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huitian Gou
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Xue
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Ramalho R, de Souza NAA, Moreira TFM, De Oliveira A, Perini HF, Furlaneto MC, Leimann FV, Furlaneto-Maia L. Antibacterial efficacy of Enterococcus microencapsulated bacteriocin on Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua and Listeria ivanovi. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:262-271. [PMID: 36618045 PMCID: PMC9813327 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the microencapsulation of enterocin from Enterococcus durans (E. durans MF5) in whey powder (WP) using a spray-drying technique followed by the evaluation of how complexation can preserve the enterocin structure and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. Crude enterocin samples (1 and 5%) were microencapsulated in 10% WP. The antimicrobial activity of unencapsulated (crude) enterocin and microencapsulated enterocin was tested against the target bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, and Listeria ivanovi. The microencapsulation yields were 31.66% and 34.16% for concentrations of 1 and 5% enterocin, respectively. There was no significant difference between these concentrations. Microencapsulated enterocin was efficient for up to 12 h of cocultivation with Listeria sp., and the concentration required to inhibit the growth of target bacteria presented values of 6400 AU/mL (arbitrary unit). Microencapsulated enterocin demonstrated enhanced efficacy against Listeria species and E. coli when compared with crude enterocin (p < 0.05). Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed the presence of enterocin in the microparticles. Scanning electron microscopy showed cell damage of the target bacteria. The results showed that complexation with WP preserved enterocin antimicrobial activity during spray-drying, indicating its potential use as a food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Ramalho
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), Via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, Paraná CEP 87301-899 Brazil
| | | | - Thaysa Fernandes Moya Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), Via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, Paraná CEP 87301-899 Brazil
| | - Anielle De Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), Via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, Paraná CEP 87301-899 Brazil
| | - Hugo Felix Perini
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, C.P. 6001, Londrina, Paraná 86051990 Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Furlaneto
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, C.P. 6001, Londrina, Paraná 86051990 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vitória Leimann
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), Via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, Paraná CEP 87301-899 Brazil
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Luciana Furlaneto-Maia
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Londrina (UTFPR-LD), Av Dos Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, Paraná CEP 86036-370 Brazil
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Listeria monocytogenes-How This Pathogen Uses Its Virulence Mechanisms to Infect the Hosts. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121491. [PMID: 36558825 PMCID: PMC9783847 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness, especially in susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderlies. The disease can occur in two forms: non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis and severe invasive listeriosis with septicemia, meningoencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortion. Expression of each symptom depends on various bacterial virulence factors, immunological status of the infected person, and the number of ingested bacteria. Internalins, mainly InlA and InlB, invasins (invasin A, LAP), and other surface adhesion proteins (InlP1, InlP4) are responsible for epithelial cell binding, whereas internalin C (InlC) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) are involved in cell-to-cell bacterial spread. L. monocytogenes is able to disseminate through the blood and invade diverse host organs. In persons with impaired immunity, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can also cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, which results in the invasion of the central nervous system and fetus infection, respectively. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of listeriosis and L. monocytogenes virulence mechanisms that are involved in host infection, with a special focus on their molecular and cellular aspects. We believe that all this information is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
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AGBOOLA TD, BISI-JOHNSON MA. OCCURRENCE OF Listeria monocytogenes IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IRRIGATED VEGETABLES IN SELECTED AREAS OF OSUN STATE, NIGERIA. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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11
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Ramadan AA. Bacterial typing methods from past to present: A comprehensive overview. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Mafuna T, Matle I, Magwedere K, Pierneef RE, Reva ON. Comparative Genomics of Listeria Species Recovered from Meat and Food Processing Facilities. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0118922. [PMID: 36066257 PMCID: PMC9604131 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01189-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria species (spp.) are contaminants that can survive in food, on equipment, and on food processing premises if appropriate hygiene measures are not used. Homologous stress tolerance genes, virulence gene clusters such as the prfA cluster, and clusters of internalin genes that contribute to the pathogenic potential of the strains can be carried by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria spp. To enhance understanding of the genome evolution of virulence and virulence-associated properties, a comparative genome approach was used to analyze 41 genome sequences belonging to L. innocua and L. welshimeri isolated from food and food processing facilities. Genetic determinants responsible for disinfectant and stress tolerance were identified, including the efflux cassette bcrABC and Tn6188_qac_1 disinfectant resistance determinant, and stress survival islets. These disinfectant-resistant genes were more frequently found in L. innocua (12%) than in L. welshimeri (2%). Several isolates representing the presumed nonpathogenic L. innocua still carried virulence-associated genes, including LGI2, LGI3, LIPI-3, and LIPI-4 which were absent in all L. welshimeri isolates. The mobile genetic elements identified were plasmids (pLGUG1 and J1776) and prophages (PHAGE_Lister_vB_LmoS_188, PHAGE_Lister_LP_030_3, PHAGE_Lister_A118, PHAGE_Lister_B054, and PHAGE_Lister_vB_LmoS_293). The results suggest that the presumed nonpathogenic isolates especially L. innocua can carry genes relevant to the strain's virulence and stress tolerance in the food and food processing facilities. IMPORTANCE This study provides genomic insights into the recently expanded genus in order to gain valuable information about the evolution of the virulence and stress tolerance properties of the genus Listeria and the distribution of these genetic elements pertinent to the pathogenic potential across Listeria spp. and clonal lineages in South Africa (SA).
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Mafuna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - I. Matle
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - K. Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R. E. Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - O. N. Reva
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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13
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Osek J, Lachtara B, Wieczorek K. Listeria monocytogenes in foods-From culture identification to whole-genome characteristics. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2825-2854. [PMID: 36171778 PMCID: PMC9469866 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen, which is able to persist in the food production environments. The presence of these bacteria in different niches makes them a potential threat for public health. In the present review, the current information on the classical and alternative methods used for isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes in food have been described. Although these techniques are usually simple, standardized, inexpensive, and are routinely used in many food testing laboratories, several alternative molecular-based approaches for the bacteria detection in food and food production environments have been developed. They are characterized by the high sample throughput, a short time of analysis, and cost-effectiveness. However, these methods are important for the routine testing toward the presence and number of L. monocytogenes, but are not suitable for characteristics and typing of the bacterial isolates, which are crucial in the study of listeriosis infections. For these purposes, novel approaches, with a high discriminatory power to genetically distinguish the strains during epidemiological studies, have been developed, e.g., whole-genome sequence-based techniques such as NGS which provide an opportunity to perform comparison between strains of the same species. In the present review, we have shown a short description of the principles of microbiological, alternative, and modern methods of detection of L. monocytogenes in foods and characterization of the isolates for epidemiological purposes. According to our knowledge, similar comprehensive papers on such subject have not been recently published, and we hope that the current review may be interesting for research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research InstitutePuławyPoland
| | - Beata Lachtara
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research InstitutePuławyPoland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research InstitutePuławyPoland
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14
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Feng Y, Cheng Z, Wei X, Chen M, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xue L, Chen M, Li F, Shang Y, Liang T, Ding Y, Wu Q. Novel method for rapid identification of Listeria monocytogenes based on metabolomics and deep learning. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Lakicevic BZ, Den Besten HMW, De Biase D. Landscape of Stress Response and Virulence Genes Among Listeria monocytogenes Strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:738470. [PMID: 35126322 PMCID: PMC8811131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic microorganism Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous and responsible for listeriosis, a disease with a high mortality rate in susceptible people. It can persist in different habitats, including the farm environment, the food production environments, and in foods. This pathogen can grow under challenging conditions, such as low pH, low temperatures, and high salt concentrations. However, L. monocytogenes has a high degree of strain divergence regarding virulence potential, environmental adaption, and stress response. This review seeks to provide the reader with an up-to-date overview of clonal and serotype-specific differences among L. monocytogenes strains. Emphasis on the genes and genomic islands responsible for virulence and resistance to environmental stresses is given to explain the complex adaptation among L. monocytogenes strains. Moreover, we highlight the use of advanced diagnostic technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing, to fine-tune quantitative microbiological risk assessment for better control of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Z. Lakicevic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Brankica Z. Lakicevic,
| | | | - Daniela De Biase
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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16
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Chmielowska C, Korsak D, Chapkauskaitse E, Decewicz P, Lasek R, Szuplewska M, Bartosik D. Plasmidome of Listeria spp.-The repA-Family Business. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910320. [PMID: 34638661 PMCID: PMC8508797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Listeria (phylum Firmicutes) include both human and animal pathogens, as well as saprophytic strains. A common component of Listeria spp. genomes are plasmids, i.e., extrachromosomal replicons that contribute to gene flux in bacteria. This study provides an in-depth insight into the structure, diversity and evolution of plasmids occurring in Listeria strains inhabiting various environments under different anthropogenic pressures. Apart from the components of the conserved plasmid backbone (providing replication, stable maintenance and conjugational transfer functions), these replicons contain numerous adaptive genes possibly involved in: (i) resistance to antibiotics, heavy metals, metalloids and sanitizers, and (ii) responses to heat, oxidative, acid and high salinity stressors. Their genomes are also enriched by numerous transposable elements, which have influenced the plasmid architecture. The plasmidome of Listeria is dominated by a group of related replicons encoding the RepA replication initiation protein. Detailed comparative analyses provide valuable data on the level of conservation of these replicons and their role in shaping the structure of the Listeria pangenome, as well as their relationship to plasmids of other genera of Firmicutes, which demonstrates the range and direction of flow of genetic information in this important group of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Chmielowska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (E.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Dorota Korsak
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elvira Chapkauskaitse
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (E.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Przemysław Decewicz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Lasek
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (E.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Magdalena Szuplewska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (E.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Dariusz Bartosik
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (E.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (D.B.)
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18
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Farias FM, Teixeira LM, Vallim DC, Bastos MDCDF, Miguel MAL, Bonelli RR. Characterization of Enterococcus faecium E86 bacteriocins and their inhibition properties against Listeria monocytogenes and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1513-1522. [PMID: 33900613 PMCID: PMC8324726 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present scenario of a major demand for new compounds with antimicrobial activity, bacteriocin and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) are promising tools against deteriorating and pathogenic microorganisms, thus having potential applications in both the food industry and infectious disease control. In the present report, we describe the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of BLIS produced by Enterococcus faecium E86, a strain previously isolated and sequenced by our group, focusing on the structural genes of two bacteriocins identified: enterocin TW21 and enterocin P. Transcription of all four genes associated with the biosynthesis and immunity of enterocin P and enterocin TW21 were confirmed by RT-PCR. However, Sanger sequencing confirmed a truncation of the structural gene of enterocin TW21 due to one base pair deletion (A/T). Thus, although E. faecium E86 was shown to carry two bacteriocinogenic gene clusters, only one cluster encodes a functional bacteriocin, enterocin P. Enterocin P was able to inhibit different strains of Listeria monocytogenes and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (both Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium), showing intense bacteriolytic activity, in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Miceli Farias
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deyse Christina Vallim
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo de Freire Bastos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Lemos Miguel
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Regina Bonelli
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Use of Bacteriophage Amended with CRISPR-Cas Systems to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in the Bacterial Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030308. [PMID: 33802904 PMCID: PMC8002625 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of the disease listeriosis, which though uncommon can result in severe symptoms such as meningitis, septicemia, stillbirths, and abortions and has a high case fatality rate. This pathogen can infect humans and other animals, resulting in massive health and economic impacts in the United States and globally. Listeriosis is treated with antimicrobials, typically a combination of a beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside, and L. monocytogenes has remained largely susceptible to the drugs of choice. However, there are several reports of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species. Given the dire health outcomes associated with listeriosis, the prospect of antimicrobial-resistant L. monocytogenes is highly problematic for human and animal health. Developing effective tools for the control and elimination of L. monocytogenes, including strains with antimicrobial resistance, is of the utmost importance to prevent further dissemination of AMR in this pathogen. One tool that has shown great promise in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens is the use of bacteriophages (phages), which are natural bacterial predators and horizontal gene transfer agents. Although native phages can be effective at killing antibiotic-resistant pathogens, limited host ranges and evolved resistance to phages can compromise their use in the efforts to mitigate the global AMR challenge. However, recent advances can allow the use of CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) to selectively target pathogens and their AMR determinants. Employment of CRISPR-Cas systems for phage amendment can overcome previous limitations in using phages as biocontrol and allow for the effective control of L. monocytogenes and its AMR determinants.
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20
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Louha S, Meinersmann RJ, Glenn TC. Whole genome genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in a diverse collection of Listeria monocytogenes isolates. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242297. [PMID: 33630832 PMCID: PMC7906370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing for 2554 genes in a large and heterogenous panel of 180 Listeria monocytogenes strains having diverse geographical and temporal origins. The subtyping data was used for characterizing genetic variation and evaluating patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the pan-genome of L. monocytogenes. Our analysis revealed the presence of strong linkage disequilibrium in L. monocytogenes, with ~99% of genes showing significant non-random associations with a large majority of other genes in the genome. Twenty-seven loci having lower levels of association with other genes were considered to be potential “hot spots” for horizontal gene transfer (i.e., recombination via conjugation, transduction, and/or transformation). The patterns of linkage disequilibrium in L. monocytogenes suggest limited exchange of foreign genetic material in the genome and can be used as a tool for identifying new recombinant strains. This can help understand processes contributing to the diversification and evolution of this pathogenic bacteria, thereby facilitating development of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Louha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard J. Meinersmann
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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21
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Making Sense of the Biodiversity and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:811-822. [PMID: 33583696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an infection that can manifest in humans as bacteremia, meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. Reference strains from this facultative intracellular bacterium have been instrumental in the investigation of basic mechanisms in microbiology, immunology, and cell biology. The integration of bacterial population genomics with environmental, epidemiological, and clinical data allowed the uncovering of new factors involved in the virulence of L. monocytogenes and its adaptation to different environments. This review illustrates how these investigations have led to a better understanding of the bacterium's virulence and the driving forces that shaped it.
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22
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Parsons C, Lee S, Kathariou S. Dissemination and conservation of cadmium and arsenic resistance determinants in Listeria and other Gram-positive bacteria. Mol Microbiol 2020; 113:560-569. [PMID: 31972871 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal homeostasis in bacteria is a complex and delicate balance. While some metals such as iron and copper are essential for cellular functions, others such as cadmium and arsenic are inherently cytotoxic. While bacteria regularly encounter essential metals, exposure to high levels of toxic metals such as cadmium and arsenic is only experienced in a handful of special habitats. Nonetheless, Listeria and other Gram-positive bacteria have evolved an impressively diverse array of genetic tools for acquiring enhanced tolerance to such metals. Here, we summarize this fascinating collection of resistance determinants in Listeria, with special focus on resistance to cadmium and arsenic, as well as to biocides and antibiotics. We also provide a comparative description of such resistance determinants and adaptations in other Gram-positive bacteria. The complex coselection of heavy metal resistance and other types of resistance seems to be universal across the Gram-positive bacteria, while the type of coselected traits reflects the lifestyle of the specific microbe. The roles of heavy metal resistance genes in environmental adaptation and virulence appear to vary by genus, highlighting the need for further functional studies to explain the mystery behind the array of heavy metal resistance determinants dispersed and maintained among Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sangmi Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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23
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Matle I, Mbatha KR, Madoroba E. A review of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products: Epidemiology, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 87:e1-e20. [PMID: 33054262 PMCID: PMC7565150 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen that is associated with serious public health and economic implications. In animals, L. monocytogenes can be associated with clinical listeriosis, which is characterised by symptoms such as abortion, encephalitis and septicaemia. In human beings, listeriosis symptoms include encephalitis, septicaemia and meningitis. In addition, listeriosis may cause gastroenteric symptoms in human beings and still births or spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. In the last few years, a number of reported outbreaks and sporadic cases associated with consumption of contaminated meat and meat products with L. monocytogenes have increased in developing countries. A variety of virulence factors play a role in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. This zoonotic pathogen can be diagnosed using both classical microbiological techniques and molecular-based methods. There is limited information about L. monocytogenes recovered from meat and meat products in African countries. This review strives to: (1) provide information on prevalence and control measures of L. monocytogenes along the meat value chain, (2) describe the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes (3) provide an overview of different methods for detection and typing of L. monocytogenes for epidemiological, regulatory and trading purposes and (4) discuss the pathogenicity, virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida.
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High-Throughput Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Using the OmniLog Phenotypic Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32975769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0982-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput biochemical screening techniques are an important tool in phenotypic analysis of bacteria. New methods, simultaneously measuring many phenotype responses, increase the output of such investigations and allow a more complete overview of the bacterial phenotype, facilitating large-scale correlation to related genotypes. This chapter describes the application of OmniLog phenotype microarray analysis, a high-throughput assay for the phenotypic characterization of bacterial strains across a variety of different traits such as nutrient utilization and antimicrobial sensitivity, to Listeria species.
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25
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Chand Y, Alam MA, Singh S. Pan-genomic analysis of the species Salmonella enterica: Identification of core essential and putative essential genes. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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26
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Caggiano G, Diella G, Trerotoli P, Lopuzzo M, Triggiano F, Ricci M, Marcotrigiano V, Montagna MT, De Giglio O. A Pilot Survey on Hygienic-Sanitary Characteristics of Ready-To-Eat Sauces and Pesto. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5005. [PMID: 32664624 PMCID: PMC7400197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the chaotic habits of modern life have favored the consumption of quickly prepared meals, using ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and condiments. The aim of this study was to establish the microbiological safety of RTE sauces and pesto from markets analyzed at different stages of shelf life. In the bacterial investigation, all samples were shown to be acceptable, although differences were observed concerning shelf life times. On the other hand, the fungal investigation showed frequent positive results, with concentrations higher than threshold values. Detected microbial diffusion was the lowest when products were far from the expiry date and had just been opened, while high microbial proliferation was observed when analyzing the same package after 48 h, higher than for a product close to the end of its shelf life. This study highlights the discreet microbiological quality of processed and RTE foods, underlining the importance of hygienic-sanitary surveillance of these foods to their shelf life. Consequently, it is necessary to: (1) implement a food control plan for all food categories to carry out risk analysis associated with their consumption; and (2) better adapt the regulations relating to microbiological analysis, and understand the biological significance of each microbial parameter throughout the shelf life of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Marco Lopuzzo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Massimo Ricci
- ARPA Puglia, Regional Agency of the Environmental Prevention and Protection, Department of Brindisi Operative Unit of Food and Drink, via Galanti, 16, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Marcotrigiano
- Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Local Health Unit BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Osvalda De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
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Palma F, Brauge T, Radomski N, Mallet L, Felten A, Mistou MY, Brisabois A, Guillier L, Midelet-Bourdin G. Dynamics of mobile genetic elements of Listeria monocytogenes persisting in ready-to-eat seafood processing plants in France. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:130. [PMID: 32028892 PMCID: PMC7006209 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes Clonal Complexes (CCs) have been epidemiologically associated with foods, especially ready-to-eat (RTE) products for which the most likely source of contamination depends on the occurrence of persisting clones in food-processing environments (FPEs). As the ability of L. monocytogenes to adapt to environmental stressors met in the food chain challenges the efforts to its eradication from FPEs, the threat of persistent strains to the food industry and public health authorities continues to rise. In this study, 94 food and FPEs L. monocytogenes isolates, representing persistent subtypes contaminating three French seafood facilities over 2-6 years, were whole-genome sequenced to characterize their genetic diversity and determine the biomarkers associated with long-term survival in FPEs. RESULTS Food and FPEs isolates belonged to five CCs, comprising long-term intra- and inter-plant persisting clones. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids, prophages and transposons were highly conserved within CCs, some of which harboured genes for resistance to chemical compounds and biocides used in the processing plants. Some of these genes were found in a 90.8 kbp plasmid, predicted to be" mobilizable", identical in isolates from CC204 and CC155, and highly similar to an 81.6 kbp plasmid from isolates belonging to CC7. These similarities suggest horizontal transfer between isolates, accompanied by deletion and homologous recombination in isolates from CC7. Prophage profiles characterized persistent clonal strains and several prophage-loci were plant-associated. Notably, a persistent clone from CC101 harboured a novel 31.5 kbp genomic island that we named Listeria genomic island 3 (LGI3), composed by plant-associated loci and chromosomally integrating cadmium-resistance determinants cadA1C. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide analysis indicated that inter- and intra-plant persisting clones harbour conserved MGEs, likely acquired in FPEs and maintained by selective pressures. The presence of closely related plasmids in L. monocytogenes CCs supports the hypothesis of horizontal gene transfer conferring enhanced survival to FPE-associated stressors, especially in hard-to-clean harbourage sites. Investigating the MGEs evolutionary and transmission dynamics provides additional resolution to trace-back potentially persistent clones. The biomarkers herein discovered provide new tools for better designing effective strategies for the removal or reduction of resident L. monocytogenes in FPEs to prevent contamination of RTE seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Palma
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ludovic Mallet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- INRAE, MaIAGE, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Brisabois
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Genomic Diversity of Common Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Products of Animal Origin in South Africa. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121007. [PMID: 31817243 PMCID: PMC6947032 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a highly fatal foodborne causative agent that has been implicated in numerous outbreaks and related deaths of listeriosis in the world. In this study, six L. monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products were analysed using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) to identify virulence and resistance genes, prophage sequences, PCR-serogroups, and sequence types (STs). The WGS identified four different STs (ST1, ST121, ST204, and ST876) that belonged to serogroup 4b (lineage I) and 1/2a (lineage II). Core genome, and average nucleotide identity (ANI) phylogenetic analyses showed that the majority of strains from serogroup 4b (lineage I) clustered together. However, two isolates that belong to serogroup 1/2a (lineage II) grouped far from each other and the other strains. Examination of reference-guided scaffolds for the presence of prophages using the PHAge Search Tool Enhanced Release (PHASTER) software identified 24 diverse prophages, which were either intact or incomplete/questionable. The National Center for Biotechnology Information- Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI-BLASTn) revealed that Listeria monocytogenes strains in this study shared some known major virulence genes that are encoded in Listeria pathogenicity islands 1 and 3. In general, the resistance profiles for all the isolates were similar and encoded for multidrug, heavy metal, antibiotic, and sanitizer resistance genes. All the isolates in this study possessed genes that code for resistance to common food processing antiseptics such as Benzalkonium chloride.
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Patange A, Lu P, Boehm D, Cullen PJ, Bourke P. Efficacy of cold plasma functionalised water for improving microbiological safety of fresh produce and wash water recycling. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103226. [PMID: 31421764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is an effective method for microbiological decontamination. This study evaluated an alternative water-based decontamination approach for inactivation of bacterial population from fresh produce and in the wash water generated from fresh produce washing. The study characterised ACP inactivation of attached Listeria innocua and Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculated on lettuce in comparison to chlorine treatment. P. fluorescens was sensitive to ACP treatment and was reduced below detection limit within 3 min of treatment. L. innocua population was reduced by ∼2.4 Log10 CFU/g after 5 min of treatment; showing similar inactivation efficacy to chlorine treatment. The microbial load in wash water was continuously decreased and was below detection limits after 10 min of ACP treatment. Micro-bubbling along with agitation assisted the bacterial detachment and distribution of reactive species, thus increasing bacterial inactivation efficacy from fresh produce and wash water. A shift in pH of plasma functionalised water was observed along with high concentration of nitrate and ozone with a relative amount of nitrites which increased with plasma exposure time. Further, L. innocua treated at different independent pH conditions showed minimal or no effect of pH on ACP bacterial inactivation efficacy. Aqueous ACP treatment poses a promising alternative for decontamination of fresh produce and the associated wash-waters which could be applied in the food industry to replace continuous chlorine dosing of process waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Patange
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Boehm
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Ireland
| | - P J Cullen
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Ireland; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Bourke
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Ireland; School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Bacterial metabolism represents the biochemical space that bacteria can manipulate to produce energy, reducing equivalents and building blocks for replication. Gram-positive pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, show remarkable flexibility, which allows for exploitation of diverse biological niches from the soil to the intracytosolic space. Although the human host represents a potentially rich source for nutrient acquisition, competition for nutrients with the host and hostile host defenses can constrain bacterial metabolism by various mechanisms, including nutrient sequestration. Here, we review metabolism in the model Gram-positive bacterium, L. monocytogenes, and highlight pathways that enable the replication, survival, and virulence of this bacterial pathogen.
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Tang S, Orsi RH, Luo H, Ge C, Zhang G, Baker RC, Stevenson A, Wiedmann M. Assessment and Comparison of Molecular Subtyping and Characterization Methods for Salmonella. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1591. [PMID: 31354679 PMCID: PMC6639432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry is facing a major transition regarding methods for confirmation, characterization, and subtyping of Salmonella. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is rapidly becoming both the method of choice and the gold standard for Salmonella subtyping; however, routine use of WGS by the food industry is often not feasible due to cost constraints or the need for rapid results. To facilitate selection of subtyping methods by the food industry, we present: (i) a comparison between classical serotyping and selected widely used molecular-based subtyping methods including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and WGS (including WGS-based serovar prediction) and (ii) a scoring system to evaluate and compare Salmonella subtyping assays. This literature-based assessment supports the superior discriminatory power of WGS for source tracking and root cause elimination in food safety incident; however, circumstances in which use of other subtyping methods may be warranted were also identified. This review provides practical guidance for the food industry and presents a starting point for further comparative evaluation of Salmonella characterization and subtyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Tang
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Beijing, China
| | - Renato H. Orsi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hao Luo
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chongtao Ge
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Inhibitory effect of bacteriocins from enterococci on developing and preformed biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii and Listeria innocua. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:96. [PMID: 31218558 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The biofilm-forming ability of Listeria spp. is a concern to the food industry and health sectors. The aim of this study was to verify the inhibitory activity of bacteriocins produced by enterococci (Enterococcus faecium 20, 22 and 24 and Enterococcus faecalis 27) on developing biofilm and preformed biofilm of Listeria species. Bacteriocins were partially purified from cell free supernatant (CFS). L. monocytogenes 2032, L. innocua 2050 and L. ivanovii 2056 were selected to analyse the inhibitory effect of bacteriocins on biofilm biomass (crystal violet staining) and biofilm viability (XTT-reduction). The biomass of the developing and preformed biofilms of Listeria species were reduced (p < 0.05) in the presence of all bacteriocins tested. Overall, the reduction in biofilm biomass of developing biofilms was up to 87.4% for bacteriocin produced by E. faecium 22 (CFS22) against L. ivanovii and up to 87.1% for CFS22 against L. monocytogenes. These findings are in accordance with those observed in confocal microscopy analysis. Most of the CFS-containing bacteriocin (CFS22, CFS24, CFS27) were effective at decreasing the viability of biofilm cells from all Listeria species. The highest reduction in viability was observed for L. monocytogenes preformed biofilm cells (up to 98.7%), evidenced by fluorescence microscopy of propidium iodide-labelled cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cells of biofilm-treated bacteriocins displayed degenerative changes that may be indicative of cellular leakages. This study suggests that bacteriocins produced by enterococci have prospective applications to prevent biofilm formation and/or to reduce cell viability of formed biofilms of distinct Listeria species.
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Jrad Z, El-Hatmi H, Adt I, Gouin S, Jardin J, Oussaief O, Dbara M, Arroum S, Khorchani T, Degraeve P, Oulahal N. Antilisterial activity of dromedary lactoferrin peptic hydrolysates. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4844-4856. [PMID: 31005319 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the antibacterial peptides derived from dromedary lactoferrin (LFc). The LFc was purified from colostrum using a batch procedure with a cation exchange chromatography support and was hydrolyzed with pepsin to generate peptic digest. This peptic digest was fractionated by cation exchange chromatography, and the antilisterial activity of LFc, peptic digest, and obtained fractions was investigated using the bioscreen method. The growth of Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 and LRGIA 01 strains was not inhibited by LFc and its hydrolysates. Two fractions of dromedary lactoferrin peptic hydrolysate were active against both strains. A tandem mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that the 2 active fractions comprised at least 227 different peptides. Among these peptides, 9 found in the first fraction had at least 50% similarity with 10 known antimicrobial peptides (following sequence alignments with the antimicrobial peptide database from the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha). Whereas 9 of these peptides presented homology with honeybee, frog, or amphibian peptides, the 10th peptide, F152SASCVPCVDGKEYPNLCQLCAGTGENKCACSSQEPYFGY192 (specifically found in 1 separated fraction), exibited 54% homology with a synthetic antibacterial peptide (AP00481) derived from human lactoferrin named kaliocin-1. Similarly, the second fraction contained 1 peptide similar to lactoferrampin B, an antibacterial peptide derived from bovine milk. This result suggests that peptic hydrolysis of LFc releases more active antimicrobial peptides than their protein source and thus provides an opportunity for their potential use to improve food safety by inhibiting undesirable and spoilage bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Jrad
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Halima El-Hatmi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia; Food Department, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Médenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.
| | - Isabelle Adt
- University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil no. 3733, IUT Lyon 1, 01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | - Sandrine Gouin
- University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil no. 3733, IUT Lyon 1, 01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | - Julien Jardin
- STLO, UMR1253, INRA, AgroCampus Ouest, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olfa Oussaief
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Dbara
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Samira Arroum
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Khorchani
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Degraeve
- University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil no. 3733, IUT Lyon 1, 01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | - Nadia Oulahal
- University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil no. 3733, IUT Lyon 1, 01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
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Naditz AL, Dzieciol M, Wagner M, Schmitz-Esser S. Plasmids contribute to food processing environment-associated stress survival in three Listeria monocytogenes ST121, ST8, and ST5 strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 299:39-46. [PMID: 30953994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis and is commonly isolated from food and food production facilities. Many L. monocytogenes strains contain plasmids, though the contributions of plasmids to survival in food production environments are unknown. Three L. monocytogenes ST5, ST8, and ST121 strains containing plasmids, which harbor putative stress response genes, were cured of their plasmids. Wildtype (WT) and plasmid-cured strains were exposed to disinfectant, oxidative, heat, acid, or salt stress. After stress exposure, cells were plated for colony forming unit (CFU) counts to determine survivors. L. monocytogenes WT strains exposed to 0.01% (vol/vol) H2O2, 1% (vol/vol) lactic acid, and 15% (wt/vol) NaCl, pH 5 showed significantly higher counts of survivors compared to the plasmid-cured strains. The number of survivors for the ST5 WT strain exposed to 10 μg/mL benzalkonium chloride (BC) was significantly higher than in the plasmid-cured strain. The ST8 and ST5 strains were exposed to elevated temperature (50° and 55 °C respectively); only the ST5 WT strain had significantly higher numbers of survivors than the plasmid-cured strains. Our data revealed that L. monocytogenes ST5, ST8, and ST121 plasmids contribute to tolerance against elevated temperature, salinity, acidic environments, oxidative stress and disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel L Naditz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciol
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFoQSI), Technopark C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Atypical Hemolytic Listeria innocua Isolates Are Virulent, albeit Less than Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00758-18. [PMID: 30670551 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00758-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua is considered a nonpathogenic Listeria species. Natural atypical hemolytic L. innocua isolates have been reported but have not been characterized in detail. Here, we report the genomic and functional characterization of representative isolates from the two known natural hemolytic L. innocua clades. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes species. Functional assays showed that LIPI-1 and inlA genes are transcribed, and the corresponding gene products are expressed and functional. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that atypical hemolytic L. innocua is virulent, can actively cross the intestinal epithelium, and spreads systemically to the liver and spleen, albeit to a lesser degree than the reference L. monocytogenes EGDe strain. Although human exposure to hemolytic L. innocua is likely rare, these findings are important for food safety and public health. The presence of virulence traits in some L. innocua clades supports the existence of a common virulent ancestor of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua.
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Caputo A, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Genome and pan-genome analysis to classify emerging bacteria. Biol Direct 2019; 14:5. [PMID: 30808378 PMCID: PMC6390601 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-019-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the recent years, genomic and pan-genomic studies have become increasingly important. Culturomics allows to study human microbiota through the use of different culture conditions, coupled with a method of rapid identification by MALDI-TOF, or 16S rRNA. Bacterial taxonomy is undergoing many changes as a consequence. With the help of pan-genomic analyses, species can be redefined, and new species definitions generated. Results Genomics, coupled with culturomics, has led to the discovery of many novel bacterial species or genera, including Akkermansia muciniphila and Microvirga massiliensis. Using the genome to define species has been applied within the genus Klebsiella. A discontinuity or an abrupt break in the core/pan-genome ratio can uncover novel species. Conclusions Applying genomic and pan-genomic analyses to the reclassification of other bacterial species or genera will be important in the future of medical microbiology. The pan-genome is one of many new innovative tools in bacterial taxonomy. Reviewers This article was reviewed by William Martin, Eric Bapteste and James Mcinerney. Open peer review Reviewed by William Martin, Eric Bapteste and James Mcinerney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Caputo
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Abstract
Microbial populations exchange genetic material through a process called homologous recombination. Although this process has been studied in particular organisms, we lack an understanding of its differential impact over the genome and across microbes with different life-styles. We used a common analytical framework to assess this process in a representative set of microorganisms. Our results uncovered important trends. First, microbes with different lifestyles are differentially impacted, with endosymbionts and obligate pathogens being those less prone to undergo this process. Second, certain genetic elements such as restriction-modification systems seem to be associated with higher rates of recombination. Most importantly, recombined genomes show the footprints of natural selection in which recombined regions preferentially contain genes that can be related to specific ecological adaptations. Taken together, our results clarify the relative contributions of factors modulating homologous recombination and show evidence for a clear a role of this process in shaping microbial genomes and driving ecological adaptations. Homologous recombination (HR) enables the exchange of genetic material between and within species. Recent studies suggest that this process plays a major role in the microevolution of microbial genomes, contributing to core genome homogenization and to the maintenance of cohesive population structures. However, we still have a very poor understanding of the possible adaptive roles of intraspecific HR and of the factors that determine its differential impact across clades and lifestyles. Here we used a unified methodological framework to assess HR in 338 complete genomes from 54 phylogenetically diverse and representative prokaryotic species, encompassing different lifestyles and a broad phylogenetic distribution. Our results indicate that lifestyle and presence of restriction-modification (RM) machineries are among the main factors shaping HR patterns, with symbionts and intracellular pathogens having the lowest HR levels. Similarly, the size of exchanged genomic fragments correlated with the presence of RM and competence machineries. Finally, genes exchanged by HR showed functional enrichments which could be related to adaptations to different environments and ecological strategies. Taken together, our results clarify the factors underlying HR impact and suggest important adaptive roles of genes exchanged through this mechanism. Our results also revealed that the extent of genetic exchange correlated with lifestyle and some genomic features. Moreover, the genes in exchanged regions were enriched for functions that reflected specific adaptations, supporting identification of HR as one of the main evolutionary mechanisms shaping prokaryotic core genomes.
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Abstract
For nearly a century the use of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has benefited human and animal health. In recent years there has been an increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in part attributed to the overuse of compounds in clinical and farming settings. The genus Listeria currently comprises 17 recognized species found throughout the environment. Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis in humans and many vertebrate species, including birds, whereas Listeria ivanovii causes infections mainly in ruminants. L. monocytogenes is the third-most-common cause of death from food poisoning in humans, and infection occurs in at-risk groups, including pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
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Honda S, Kimura M, Wakita S, Oka Y, Kawakita M, Oyama F, Sakaguchi M. The Listeria innocua chitinase LinChi78 has a unique region that is necessary for hydrolytic activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1777-1787. [PMID: 30610281 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are generally composed of multiple domains; a catalytic domain and one or more additional domains that are not absolutely required but may modify the chitinolytic activity. The LinChi78 chitinase from Listeria innocua has a catalytic domain (CatD), a fibronectin type III-like (FnIII) domain, a chitin-binding domain (ChBD), and an unknown-function region (UFR) located between the CatD and FnIII domains. The UFR is 146 amino acid residues in length and does not have a homologous domain in the Conserved Domain Database. We performed a functional analysis of these domains and the UFR using several C-terminally and internally deleted mutants of LinChi78. Hydrolysis of an artificial substrate was almost unaffected by deletion of the ChBD and/or the FnIII domain, although the ChBD-deleted enzymes were approximately 30% less active toward colloidal chitin than LinChi78. On the other hand, deletion of the UFR led to an extensive loss of chitinase activity toward an artificial substrate as well as polymeric substrates. Upon further analysis, we found that the GKQTI stretch, between the 567th (G) and 571th (I) amino acid residues, in the UFR is critical for LinChi78 activity and demonstrated that Gln569 and Ile571 play central roles in eliciting this activity. Taken together, these results indicated that LinChi78 has a unique catalytic region composed of a typical CatD and an additional region that is essential for activity. Characterization of the unique catalytic region of LinChi78 will improve our understanding of GH18 chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yuji Oka
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masao Kawakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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Fritsch L, Felten A, Palma F, Mariet JF, Radomski N, Mistou MY, Augustin JC, Guillier L. Insights from genome-wide approaches to identify variants associated to phenotypes at pan-genome scale: Application to L. monocytogenes' ability to grow in cold conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 291:181-188. [PMID: 30530095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific variability of the behavior of most foodborne pathogens is well described and taken into account in Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA), but factors (strain origin, serotype, …) explaining these differences are scarce or contradictory between studies. Nowadays, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) offers new opportunities to explain intraspecific variability of food pathogens, based on various recently published bioinformatics tools. The objective of this study is to get a better insight into different existing bioinformatics approaches to associate bacterial phenotype(s) and genotype(s). Therefore, a dataset of 51 L. monocytogenes strains, isolated from multiple sources (i.e. different food matrices and environments) and belonging to 17 clonal complexes (CC), were selected to represent large population diversity. Furthermore, the phenotypic variability of growth at low temperature was determined (i.e. qualitative phenotype), and the whole genomes of selected strains were sequenced. The almost exhaustive gene content, as well as the core genome SNPs based phylogenetic reconstruction, were derived from the whole sequenced genomes. A Bayesian inference method was applied to identify the branches on which the phenotype distribution evolves within sub-lineages. Two different Genome Wide Association Studies (i.e. gene- and SNP-based GWAS) were independently performed in order to link genetic mutations to the phenotype of interest. The genomic analyses presented in this study were successfully applied on the selected dataset. The Bayesian phylogenetic approach emphasized an association with "slow" growth ability at 2 °C of the lineage I, as well as CC9 of the lineage II. Moreover, both gene- and SNP-GWAS approaches displayed significant statistical associations with the tested phenotype. A list of 114 significantly associated genes, including genes already known to be involved in the cold adaption mechanism of L. monocytogenes and genes associated to mobile genetic elements (MGE), resulted from the gene-GWAS. On the other hand, a group of 184 highly associated SNPs were highlighted by SNP-GWAS, including SNPs detected in genes which were already likely involved in cold adaption; hypothetical proteins; and intergenic regions where for example promotors and regulators can be located. The successful application of combined bioinformatics approaches associating WGS-genotypes and specific phenotypes, could contribute to improve prediction of microbial behaviors in food. The implementation of this information in hazard identification and exposure assessment processes will open new possibilities to feed QMRA-models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Fritsch
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France
| | - Federica Palma
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France
| | - Jean-François Mariet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Augustin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94701, France.
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Cook PW, Nightingale KK. Use of omics methods for the advancement of food quality and food safety. Anim Front 2018; 8:33-41. [PMID: 32002228 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Cook
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA.,Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Korsak D, Chmielowska C, Szuplewska M, Bartosik D. Prevalence of plasmid-borne benzalkonium chloride resistance cassette bcrABC and cadmium resistance cadA genes in nonpathogenic Listeria spp. isolated from food and food-processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 290:247-253. [PMID: 30388592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sixty-seven nonpathogenic Listeria spp. strains isolated from food and food processing environments in Poland were examined for the presence of benzalkonium chloride (BC) resistance cassette (bcrABC) and four different variants of cadmium resistance determinants (cadA1-cadA4). All the strains were phenotypically resistant to cadmium and 22 among them were also resistant to BC. PCR-based analysis revealed that bcrABC cassette was harbored by 95.5% of the strains phenotypically resistant to BC. All of them harbored also either cadA1 or cadA2 genes (none carried cadA3 or cadA4), which corresponded to the presence of plasmids with two restriction patterns. The strains resistant to cadmium but susceptible to BC harbored only the cadA1 gene variant. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis showed that all the identified bcrABC, cadA1 and cadA2 genes were located within plasmids, classified into 11 groups of RFLP profiles. Only one of the plasmids - pLIS1 of Listeria welshimeri (carrying bcrABC and cadA2) - was capable of efficient conjugal transfer from nonpathogenic Listeria isolates to a pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes strain. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of pLIS1 (the first sequenced plasmid of L. welshimeri species) revealed the presence of genes involved in plasmid replication, stabilization and transfer as well as genes conferring resistance phenotypes. Comparative analysis showed that pLIS1 genome is highly similar to a group of plasmids originating from L. monocytogenes strains. A common feature of pLIS1 and its relatives, besides the presence of the resistance genes, is the presence of numerous transposable elements (TEs). The analysis revealed the important role of TEs in both promoting genetic rearrangements within Listeria spp. plasmids and the acquisition of resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Korsak
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Cora Chmielowska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuplewska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bartosik
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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In Vivo Virulence Characterization of Pregnancy-Associated Listeria monocytogenes Infections. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00397-18. [PMID: 30104213 PMCID: PMC6204711 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00397-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that infects the placenta and can cause pregnancy complications. Listeriosis usually occurs as a sporadic infection, but large outbreaks are also reported. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that infects the placenta and can cause pregnancy complications. Listeriosis usually occurs as a sporadic infection, but large outbreaks are also reported. Virulence from clinical isolates is rarely analyzed due to the large number of animals required, but this knowledge could help guide the response to an outbreak. We implemented a DNA barcode system using signature tags that allowed us to efficiently assay variations in virulence across a large number of isolates. We tested 77 signature-tagged clones of clinical L. monocytogenes strains from 72 infected human placentas and 5 immunocompromised patients, all of which were isolated since 2000. These strains were tested for virulence in a modified competition assay in comparison to that of the laboratory strain 10403S. We used two in vivo models of listeriosis: the nonpregnant mouse and the pregnant guinea pig. Strains that were frequently found at a high abundance within infected organs were considered hypervirulent, while strains frequently found at a low abundance were considered hypovirulent. Virulence split relatively evenly among hypovirulent strains, hypervirulent strains, and strains as virulent as 10403S. The laboratory strain was found to have an intermediate virulence phenotype, supporting its suitability for use in pathogenesis studies. Further, we found that splenic virulence and placental virulence are closely linked in both the guinea pig and mouse models. This suggests that outbreak and sporadic pregnancy-associated L. monocytogenes strains are not generally more virulent than lab reference strains. However, some strains did show consistent and reproducible virulence differences, suggesting that their further study may reveal deeper insights into the biological underpinnings of listeriosis.
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Argemi X, Matelska D, Ginalski K, Riegel P, Hansmann Y, Bloom J, Pestel-Caron M, Dahyot S, Lebeurre J, Prévost G. Comparative genomic analysis of Staphylococcus lugdunensis shows a closed pan-genome and multiple barriers to horizontal gene transfer. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:621. [PMID: 30126366 PMCID: PMC6102843 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal bacteria on human skin. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a unique CoNS which produces various virulence factors and may, like S. aureus, cause severe infections, particularly in hospital settings. Unlike other staphylococci, it remains highly susceptible to antimicrobials, and genome-based phylogenetic studies have evidenced a highly conserved genome that distinguishes it from all other staphylococci. Results We demonstrate that S. lugdunensis possesses a closed pan-genome with a very limited number of new genes, in contrast to other staphylococci that have an open pan-genome. Whole-genome nucleotide and amino acid identity levels are also higher than in other staphylococci. We identified numerous genetic barriers to horizontal gene transfer that might explain this result. The S. lugdunensis genome has multiple operons encoding for restriction-modification, CRISPR/Cas and toxin/antitoxin systems. We also identified a new PIN-like domain-associated protein that might belong to a larger operon, comprising a metalloprotease, that could function as a new toxin/antitoxin or detoxification system. Conclusion We show that S. lugdunensis has a unique genome profile within staphylococci, with a closed pan-genome and several systems to prevent horizontal gene transfer. Its virulence in clinical settings does not rely on its ability to acquire and exchange antibiotic resistance genes or other virulence factors as shown for other staphylococci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4978-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Argemi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Dorota Matelska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ginalski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philippe Riegel
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Hansmann
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Bloom
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sandrine Dahyot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérémie Lebeurre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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Tsai HC, Chou MY, Wu CC, Wan MT, Kuo YJ, Chen JS, Huang TY, Hsu BM. Seasonal Distribution and Genotyping of Antibiotic Resistant Strains of ListeriaInnocua Isolated from A River Basin Categorized by ERIC-PCR. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1559. [PMID: 30041470 PMCID: PMC6068817 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria innocua retains many conserved homologous domains with Listeria monocytogenes, which is a food-borne and water-borne diarrhea-causing bacterium. Studies of antimicrobial resistance in L. innocua showed that this microbe is more prone to acquire resistance than other bacteria in the genus Listeria. However, little is known about the seasonal population distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of L. innocua in natural water environments. The aims of the study were: (1) to investigate the occurrence of L. innocua isolates in a subtropical watershed and reconstruct the population structure and (2) to analyze the antibacterial resistance patterns of the identified L. innocua isolates according to ERIC type. A total of 288 water samples was collected from the Puzi River basin (23°28' N, 120°13' E) between March 2014 and March 2015, and 36 L. innocua isolates were recovered from 15 positive water samples. With regard to seasonal variation, L. innocua was only detected in the spring and summer. Eighteen enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR types were identified, and two genogroups with four subgroups were reconstructed in a minimum spanning tree. Isolates from different sampling areas that were located near each other were genetically different. All L. innocua isolates (including 41.7% of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates) were resistant to oxacillin and showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline. These findings demonstrate the seasonal variations and differing geographical distributions of L. innocua in this subtropical water environment, as well as the existence of strong population structures and MDR and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Phylogenetic analysis based on ERIC-type showed that the Cluster A isolates were resistant to more antibiotics, and two types, ERIC8 and ERIC15 were multidrug resistant. The more commonly detected types, such as ERIC1 and ERIC12, were also more likely to be resistant to two or more antibiotics. Close monitoring of drug resistance in environmental L. innocua is warranted due to its potential for transferring antimicrobial resistance determinants to pathogenic Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yuan Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Tao Wan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- EcoHealth Microbiology Laboratory, WanYu Co., Ltd., Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Yi Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
- Center for Innovative on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
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Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes strains from dairy plants behave similarly in biofilm sanitizer testing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim SW, Haendiges J, Keller EN, Myers R, Kim A, Lombard JE, Karns JS, Van Kessel JAS, Haley BJ. Genetic diversity and virulence profiles of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from bulk tank milk, milk filters, and milking equipment from dairies in the United States (2002 to 2014). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197053. [PMID: 29742151 PMCID: PMC5942804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpasteurized dairy products are known to occasionally harbor Listeria monocytogenes and have been implicated in recent listeriosis outbreaks and numerous sporadic cases of listeriosis. However, the diversity and virulence profiles of L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from these products have not been fully described. Here we report a genomic analysis of 121 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from milk, milk filters, and milking equipment collected from bovine dairy farms in 19 states over a 12-year period. In a multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) analysis, 59 Virulence Types (VT) were identified, of which 25% were Epidemic Clones I, II, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, or X, and 31 were novel VT. In a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, 60 Sequence Types (ST) of 56 Clonal Complexes (CC) were identified. Within lineage I, CC5 and CC1 were among the most abundant, and within lineage II, CC7 and CC37 were the most abundant. Multiple CCs previously associated with central nervous system and maternal-neonatal infections were identified. A genomic analysis identified variable distribution of virulence markers, Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) -1, -3, and -4, and stress survival island-1 (SSI-1). Of these, 14 virulence markers, including LIPI-3 and -4 were more frequently detected in one lineage (I or II) than the other. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were identified in 68% and 28% of lineage I CCs, respectively. Results of this analysis indicate that there is a high level of genetic diversity among the L. monocytogenes present in bulk tank milk in the United States with some strains being more frequently detected than others, and some being similar to those that have been isolated from previous non-dairy related outbreaks. Results of this study also demonstrate significant number of strains isolated from dairy farms encode virulence markers associated with severe human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Julie Haendiges
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric N. Keller
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Myers
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kim
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Lombard
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Palmer M, Steenkamp ET, Coetzee MPA, Avontuur JR, Chan WY, van Zyl E, Blom J, Venter SN. Mixta gen. nov., a new genus in the Erwiniaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:1396-1407. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marike Palmer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emma T. Steenkamp
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin P. A. Coetzee
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juanita R. Avontuur
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Wai-Yin Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Biotechnology Platform (BTP), Agricultural Research Council Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI), Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Elritha van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephanus N. Venter
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Genomic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Associated with Clinical Listeriosis and the Food Production Environment in Ireland. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030171. [PMID: 29558450 PMCID: PMC5867892 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major human foodborne pathogen that is prevalent in the natural environment and has a high case fatality rate. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis has emerged as a valuable methodology for the classification of L. monocytogenes isolates and the identification of virulence islands that may influence infectivity. In this study, WGS was used to provide an insight into 25 L. monocytogenes isolates from cases of clinical infection in Ireland between 2013 and 2015. Clinical strains were either lineage I (14 isolates) or lineage II (11 isolates), with 12 clonal complexes (CC) represented, of which CC1 (6) and CC101 (4) were the most common. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis demonstrated that clinical isolates from mother-infant pairs (one isolate from the mother and one from the infant) were highly related (3 SNP differences in each) and also identified close similarities between isolates from otherwise distinct cases (1 SNP difference). Clinical strains were positive for common virulence-associated loci and 13 isolates harbour the LIPI-3 locus. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to compare strains to a database of 1300 Irish food and food processing environment isolates and determined that 64% of clinical pulsotypes were previously encountered in the food or food processing environment. Five of the matching food and food processing environment isolates were sequenced and results demonstrated a correlation between pulsotype and genotype. Overall, the work provides insights into the nature of L. monocytogenes strains currently causing clinical disease in Ireland and indicates that similar isolates can be found in the food or food processing environment.
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