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Xing Z, Li Y, Cortes-Gomez E, Jiang X, Gao S, Pao A, Shan J, Song Y, Perez A, Yu T, Highsmith MR, Boadu F, Conroy JM, Singh PK, Bakin AV, Cheng J, Duan Z, Wang J, Liu S, Tycko B, Yu YE. Dissection of a Down syndrome-associated trisomy to separate the gene dosage-dependent and -independent effects of an extra chromosome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2205-2218. [PMID: 37014740 PMCID: PMC10281752 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an aneuploidy, trisomy is associated with mammalian embryonic and postnatal abnormalities. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in mutant phenotypes is broadly important and may lead to new strategies to treat clinical manifestations in individuals with trisomies, such as trisomy 21 [Down syndrome (DS)]. Although increased gene dosage effects because of a trisomy may account for the mutant phenotypes, there is also the possibility that phenotypic consequences of a trisomy can arise because of the presence of a freely segregating extra chromosome with its own centromere, i.e. a 'free trisomy' independent of gene dosage effects. Presently, there are no reports of attempts to functionally separate these two types of effects in mammals. To fill this gap, here we describe a strategy that employed two new mouse models of DS, Ts65Dn;Df(17)2Yey/+ and Dp(16)1Yey/Df(16)8Yey. Both models carry triplications of the same 103 human chromosome 21 gene orthologs; however, only Ts65Dn;Df(17)2Yey/+ mice carry a free trisomy. Comparison of these models revealed the gene dosage-independent impacts of an extra chromosome at the phenotypic and molecular levels for the first time. They are reflected by impairments of Ts65Dn;Df(17)2Yey/+ males in T-maze tests when compared with Dp(16)1Yey/Df(16)8Yey males. Results from the transcriptomic analysis suggest the extra chromosome plays a major role in trisomy-associated expression alterations of disomic genes beyond gene dosage effects. This model system can now be used to deepen our mechanistic understanding of this common human aneuploidy and obtain new insights into the effects of free trisomies in other human diseases such as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xing
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes-Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Annie Pao
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jidong Shan
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yinghui Song
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Perez
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Max R Highsmith
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frimpong Boadu
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Conroy
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
- Research Support Services, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrei V Bakin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Hackensack-Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Y Eugene Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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2
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Li W, Yang Y, Liu S, Zhang D, Ren X, Tang M, Zhang W, Chen X, Huang C, Yu B. Paxbp1 is indispensable for the survival of CD4 and CD8 double-positive thymocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183367. [PMID: 37404821 PMCID: PMC10315898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifespan of double-positive (DP) thymocytes is critical for intrathymic development and shaping the peripheral T cell repertoire. However, the molecular mechanisms that control DP thymocyte survival remain poorly understood. Paxbp1 is a conserved nuclear protein that has been reported to play important roles in cell growth and development. Its high expression in T cells suggests a possible role in T cell development. Here, we observed that deletion of Paxbp1 resulted in thymic atrophy in mice lacking Paxbp1 in the early stages of T cell development. Conditional loss of Paxbp1 resulted in fewer CD4+CD8+ DP T cells, CD4 and CD8 single positive (SP) T cells in the thymus, and fewer T cells in the periphery. Meanwhile, Paxbp1 deficiency had limited effects on the CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) or immature single-positive (ISP) cell populations. Instead, we observed a significant increase in the susceptibility of Paxbp1-deficient DP thymocytes to apoptosis. Consistent with this, RNA-Seq analysis revealed a significant enrichment of the apoptotic pathway within differentially expressed genes in Paxbp1-deficient DP cells compared to control DP cells. Together, our results suggest a new function for Paxbp1, which is an important mediator of DP thymocyte survival and critical for proper thymic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuanyao Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mindan Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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3
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Duchon A, del Mar Muñiz Moreno M, Chevalier C, Nalesso V, Andre P, Fructuoso-Castellar M, Mondino M, Po C, Noblet V, Birling MC, Potier MC, Herault Y. Ts66Yah, a mouse model of Down syndrome with improved construct and face validity. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:282398. [PMID: 36374158 PMCID: PMC9789398 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships, the identification of driver genes and various proofs of concept for therapeutics have benefited from mouse models. The premier model, named Ts(1716)65Dn/J (Ts65Dn), displayed phenotypes related to human DS features. It carries an additional minichromosome with the Mir155 to Zbtb21 region of mouse chromosome 16, homologous to Hsa21, encompassing around 90 genes, fused to the centromeric part of mouse chromosome 17 from Pisd-ps2/Scaf8 to Pde10a, containing 46 genes not related to Hsa21. Here, we report the investigation of a new model, Ts66Yah, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 without the genomic region unrelated to Hsa21 on the minichromosome. As expected, Ts66Yah replicated DS cognitive features. However, certain phenotypes related to increased activity, spatial learning and molecular signatures were changed, suggesting genetic interactions between the Mir155-Zbtb21 and Scaf8-Pde10a intervals. Thus, Ts66Yah mice have stronger construct and face validity than Ts65Dn mice for mimicking consequences of DS genetic overdosage. Furthermore, this study is the first to demonstrate genetic interactions between triplicated regions homologous to Hsa21 and others unrelated to Hsa21. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Maria del Mar Muñiz Moreno
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Valérie Nalesso
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Philippe Andre
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marta Fructuoso-Castellar
- Paris Brain Institute ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mary Mondino
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chrystelle Po
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Paris Brain Institute ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Author for correspondence ()
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4
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Farley SJ, Grishok A, Zeldich E. Shaking up the silence: consequences of HMGN1 antagonizing PRC2 in the Down syndrome brain. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:39. [PMID: 36463299 PMCID: PMC9719135 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is a well-known hallmark of Down Syndrome (DS) that results from the triplication of the critical region of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Major studies were conducted in recent years to gain an understanding about the contribution of individual triplicated genes to DS-related brain pathology. Global transcriptomic alterations and widespread changes in the establishment of neural lineages, as well as their differentiation and functional maturity, suggest genome-wide chromatin organization alterations in trisomy. High Mobility Group Nucleosome Binding Domain 1 (HMGN1), expressed from HSA21, is a chromatin remodeling protein that facilitates chromatin decompaction and is associated with acetylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac), a mark correlated with active transcription. Recent studies causatively linked overexpression of HMGN1 in trisomy and the development of DS-associated B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). HMGN1 has been shown to antagonize the activity of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and prevent the deposition of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation mark (H3K27me3), which is associated with transcriptional repression and gene silencing. However, the possible ramifications of the increased levels of HMGN1 through the derepression of PRC2 target genes on brain cell pathology have not gained attention. In this review, we discuss the functional significance of HMGN1 in brain development and summarize accumulating reports about the essential role of PRC2 in the development of the neural system. Mechanistic understanding of how overexpression of HMGN1 may contribute to aberrant brain cell phenotypes in DS, such as altered proliferation of neural progenitors, abnormal cortical architecture, diminished myelination, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in trisomy 21, will facilitate the development of DS therapeutic approaches targeting chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Farley
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alla Grishok
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biochemistry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Intranasal interferon-beta as a promising alternative for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Fulton SL, Wenderski W, Lepack AE, Eagle AL, Fanutza T, Bastle RM, Ramakrishnan A, Hays EC, Neal A, Bendl J, Farrelly LA, Al-Kachak A, Lyu Y, Cetin B, Chan JC, Tran TN, Neve RL, Roper RJ, Brennand KJ, Roussos P, Schimenti JC, Friedman AK, Shen L, Blitzer RD, Robison AJ, Crabtree GR, Maze I. Rescue of deficits by Brwd1 copy number restoration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6384. [PMID: 36289231 PMCID: PMC9606253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With an incidence of ~1 in 800 births, Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal condition linked to intellectual disability worldwide. While the genetic basis of DS has been identified as a triplication of chromosome 21 (HSA21), the genes encoded from HSA21 that directly contribute to cognitive deficits remain incompletely understood. Here, we found that the HSA21-encoded chromatin effector, BRWD1, was upregulated in neurons derived from iPS cells from an individual with Down syndrome and brain of trisomic mice. We showed that selective copy number restoration of Brwd1 in trisomic animals rescued deficits in hippocampal LTP, cognition and gene expression. We demonstrated that Brwd1 tightly binds the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, and that increased Brwd1 expression promotes BAF genomic mistargeting. Importantly, Brwd1 renormalization rescued aberrant BAF localization, along with associated changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression. These findings establish BRWD1 as a key epigenomic mediator of normal neurodevelopment and an important contributor to DS-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha L Fulton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wendy Wenderski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ashley E Lepack
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew L Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tomas Fanutza
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ryan M Bastle
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emma C Hays
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Arianna Neal
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Disease Neuroepigenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lorna A Farrelly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Amni Al-Kachak
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yang Lyu
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bulent Cetin
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer C Chan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tina N Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rachael L Neve
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 065109, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Disease Neuroepigenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- J.J. Peters Veterans Affairs Hospital, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Allyson K Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, City University of New York-Hunter College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert D Blitzer
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ian Maze
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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7
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Azarafrouz F, Farhangian M, Chavoshinezhad S, Dargahi S, Nassiri-Asl M, Dargahi L. Interferon beta attenuates recognition memory impairment and improves brain glucose uptake in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Involvement of mitochondrial biogenesis and PI3K pathway. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102262. [PMID: 35709657 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferon beta (IFNβ) is a cytokine with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, and its beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been recently shown. The alterations in cerebral glucose uptake are closely linked to memory deficit and AD progression. The current study was designed to determine if IFNβ can improve recognition memory and brain glucose uptake in a rat model of AD. The lentiviruses expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein were injected bilaterally to the rat hippocampus. From day 23 after virus injection, rats were intranasally treated with recombinant IFNβ protein (68,000 IU/rat) every other day until day 50. Recognition memory performance was evaluated by novel object recognition test on days 46-49. The 18F-2- fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) was used to determine changes in brain glucose metabolism on day 50. The expression of the PI3K/Akt pathway components, neurotrophins and mitochondrial biogenesis factors were also measured by qPCR in the hippocampus. Our results showed that IFNβ treatment improves recognition memory performance in parallel with increased glucose uptake and neuronal survival in the hippocampus of the AD rats. The neuroprotective effect of IFNβ could be attributed, at least partly, to activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, increased expression of NGF, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of IFNβ for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Azarafrouz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhangian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Saina Dargahi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Martinez de Lagran M, Elizalde-Torrent A, Paredes R, Clotet B, Dierssen M. Lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of down syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4210-4215. [PMID: 35762509 PMCID: PMC9344819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated activity of retrotransposons is increasingly recognized to be implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability and a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease. For this reason, we hypothesized that treatment with reverse transcriptase inhibitors could ameliorate DS phenotypes. In this proof of concept study, we treated trisomic (Ts65Dn) mice, a model of DS, with lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. We detected a significant improvement of neurobehavioural phenotypes, and a complete rescue of the hippocampal‐dependent recognition memory upon treatment with lamivudine. Despite clinical studies in patients with DS are warranted, this study lays the groundwork for a novel and actionable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martinez de Lagran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Lindlöf A. The Vulnerability of the Developing Brain: Analysis of Highly Expressed Genes in Infant C57BL/6 Mouse Hippocampus in Relation to Phenotypic Annotation Derived From Mutational Studies. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322211062722. [PMID: 35023907 PMCID: PMC8743926 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211062722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has been shown to have a major role in learning and memory, but also to participate in the regulation of emotions. However, its specific role(s) in memory is still unclear. Hippocampal damage or dysfunction mainly results in memory issues, especially in the declarative memory but, in animal studies, has also shown to lead to hyperactivity and difficulty in inhibiting responses previously taught. The brain structure is affected in neuropathological disorders, such as Alzheimer's, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, and also by depression and stress. The hippocampus structure is far from mature at birth and undergoes substantial development throughout infant and juvenile life. The aim of this study was to survey genes highly expressed throughout the postnatal period in mouse hippocampus and which have also been linked to an abnormal phenotype through mutational studies to achieve a greater understanding about hippocampal functions during postnatal development. Publicly available gene expression data from C57BL/6 mouse hippocampus was analyzed; from a total of 5 time points (at postnatal day 1, 10, 15, 21, and 30), 547 genes highly expressed in all of these time points were selected for analysis. Highly expressed genes are considered to be of potential biological importance and appear to be multifunctional, and hence any dysfunction in such a gene will most likely have a large impact on the development of abilities during the postnatal and juvenile period. Phenotypic annotation data downloaded from Mouse Genomic Informatics database were analyzed for these genes, and the results showed that many of them are important for proper embryo development and infant survival, proper growth, and increase in body size, as well as for voluntary movement functions, motor coordination, and balance. The results also indicated an association with seizures that have primarily been characterized by uncontrolled motor activity and the development of proper grooming abilities. The complete list of genes and their phenotypic annotation data have been compiled in a file for easy access.
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10
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Ishihara K. The accumulation of copper in the brain of Down syndrome promotes oxidative stress: possible mechanism underlying cognitive impairment. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:16-21. [PMID: 35903608 PMCID: PMC9309086 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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11
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De Toma I, Sierra C, Dierssen M. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data reveals clusters of consistently deregulated gene and disease ontologies in Down syndrome. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009317. [PMID: 34570756 PMCID: PMC8496798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) causes Down syndrome (DS). The trisomy does not simply result in the upregulation of HSA21--encoded genes but also leads to a genome-wide transcriptomic deregulation, which affect differently each tissue and cell type as a result of epigenetic mechanisms and protein-protein interactions. We performed a meta-analysis integrating the differential expression (DE) analyses of all publicly available transcriptomic datasets, both in human and mouse, comparing trisomic and euploid transcriptomes from different sources. We integrated all these data in a "DS network". We found that genome wide deregulation as a consequence of trisomy 21 is not arbitrary, but involves deregulation of specific molecular cascades in which both HSA21 genes and HSA21 interactors are more consistently deregulated compared to other genes. In fact, gene deregulation happens in "clusters", so that groups from 2 to 13 genes are found consistently deregulated. Most of these events of "co-deregulation" involve genes belonging to the same GO category, and genes associated with the same disease class. The most consistent changes are enriched in interferon related categories and neutrophil activation, reinforcing the concept that DS is an inflammatory disease. Our results also suggest that the impact of the trisomy might diverge in each tissue due to the different gene set deregulation, even though the triplicated genes are the same. Our original method to integrate transcriptomic data confirmed not only the importance of known genes, such as SOD1, but also detected new ones that could be extremely useful for generating or confirming hypotheses and supporting new putative therapeutic candidates. We created "metaDEA" an R package that uses our method to integrate every kind of transcriptomic data and therefore could be used with other complex disorders, such as cancer. We also created a user-friendly web application to query Ensembl gene IDs and retrieve all the information of their differential expression across the datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cesar Sierra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Oviya RP, Gopal G, Shirley SS, Sridevi V, Jayavelu S, Rajkumar T. Mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit proteins (MRPS) MRPS6 and MRPS23 show dysregulation in breast cancer affecting tumorigenic cellular processes. Gene 2021; 790:145697. [PMID: 33964376 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human Mitoribosomal Small Subunit unit (MRPS) family of genes appears to have role in cancer. Gene expression analysis of select MRPS genes (n = 9) in 15 cancer cell lines showed altered expression in cancer cells. Protein levels of MRPS6, MRPS23 showed significant overexpression in breast cancer cells and tissues. Interestingly, their overexpression did not correlate with mitochondrial ribosome translated COX2 protein levels in breast cancer. Subcellular fractionation analysis showed a distinct presence of MRPS23 in the nuclear fraction. GST/MRP6 and GST/MRPS23 pulldown assays identified 32 novel protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and MRPS23-RIPK3 interaction was validated. Co-expression module identification tool (CEMi) analysis of breast cancer gene expression and MRPS6 and MRPS23 interactions revealed hub interactions in gene expression modules having functional roles in cancer-associated cellular processes. Based on PPI network analysis a novel interaction MRPS23-p53 was validated. Knockdown of MRPS6 and MRPS23 decreased proliferation, expression of select mesenchymal markers, oncogenes, and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes. Taken together present study has revealed that MRPS6 and MRPS23 genes have pro-tumorigenic functions in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopisetty Gopal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sunder Singh Shirley
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velusamy Sridevi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramani Jayavelu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Duchon A, Del Mar Muniz Moreno M, Martin Lorenzo S, Silva de Souza MP, Chevalier C, Nalesso V, Meziane H, Loureiro de Sousa P, Noblet V, Armspach JP, Brault V, Herault Y. Multi-influential genetic interactions alter behaviour and cognition through six main biological cascades in Down syndrome mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:771-788. [PMID: 33693642 PMCID: PMC8161522 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an additional copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). To provide novel insights into genotype–phenotype correlations, we used standardized behavioural tests, magnetic resonance imaging and hippocampal gene expression to screen several DS mouse models for the mouse chromosome 16 region homologous to Hsa21. First, we unravelled several genetic interactions between different regions of chromosome 16 and how they contribute significantly to altering the outcome of the phenotypes in brain cognition, function and structure. Then, in-depth analysis of misregulated expressed genes involved in synaptic dysfunction highlighted six biological cascades centred around DYRK1A, GSK3β, NPY, SNARE, RHOA and NPAS4. Finally, we provide a novel vision of the existing altered gene–gene crosstalk and molecular mechanisms targeting specific hubs in DS models that should become central to better understanding of DS and improving the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Muniz Moreno
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sandra Martin Lorenzo
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marcia Priscilla Silva de Souza
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Valérie Nalesso
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Vincent Noblet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Paul Armspach
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Veronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), department of translational medicine and neurogenetics 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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14
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De Toma I, Dierssen M. Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 33479353 PMCID: PMC7820501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread uncontrollably worldwide while it remains unknown how vulnerable populations, such as Down syndrome (DS) individuals are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with DS have more risk of infections with respiratory complications and present signs of auto-inflammation. They also present with multiple comorbidities that are associated with poorer COVID-19 prognosis in the general population. All this might place DS individuals at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or poorer clinical outcomes. In order to get insight into the interplay between DS genes and SARS-cov2 infection and pathogenesis we identified the genes associated with the molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and the host proteins interacting with viral proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We then analyzed the overlaps of these genes with HSA21 genes, HSA21 interactors and other genes consistently differentially expressed in DS (using public transcriptomic datasets) and created a DS-SARS-CoV-2 network. We detected COVID-19 protective and risk factors among HSA21 genes and interactors and/or DS deregulated genes that might affect the susceptibility of individuals with DS both at the infection stage and in the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our analysis suggests that at the infection stage DS individuals might be more susceptible to infection due to triplication of TMPRSS2, that primes the viral S protein for entry in the host cells. However, as the anti-viral interferon I signaling is also upregulated in DS, this might increase the initial anti-viral response, inhibiting viral genome release, viral replication and viral assembly. In the second pro-inflammatory immunopathogenic phase of the infection, the prognosis for DS patients might worsen due to upregulation of inflammatory genes that might favor the typical cytokine storm of COVID-19. We also detected strong downregulation of the NLRP3 gene, critical for maintenance of homeostasis against pathogenic infections, possibly leading to bacterial infection complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Susceptibility to Heart Defects in Down Syndrome Is Associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in HAS 21 Interferon Receptor Cluster and VEGFA Genes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121428. [PMID: 33260695 PMCID: PMC7761327 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are present in about 40-60% of newborns with Down syndrome (DS). Patients with DS can also develop acquired cardiac disorders. Mouse models suggest that a critical 3.7 Mb region located on human chromosome 21 (HSA21) could explain the association with CHDs. This region includes a cluster of genes (IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNGR2, IL10RB) encoding for interferon receptors (IFN-Rs). Other genes located on different chromosomes, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), have been shown to be involved in cardiac defects. So, we investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFNAR2, IFNGR2, IL10RB and VEGFA genes, and the presence of CHDs or acquired cardiac defects in patients with DS. METHODS Individuals (n = 102) with DS, and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 96), were genotyped for four SNPs (rs2229207, rs2834213, rs2834167 and rs3025039) using KASPar assays. RESULTS We found that the IFNGR2 rs2834213 G homozygous genotype and IL10RB rs2834167G-positive genotypes were more common in patients with DSand significantly associated with heart disorders, while VEGFA rs3025039T-positive genotypes (T/*) were less prevalent in patients with CHDs. CONCLUSIONS We identified some candidate risk SNPs for CHDs and acquired heart defects in DS. Our data suggest that a complex architecture of risk alleles with interplay effects may contribute to the high variability of DS phenotypes.
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16
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Oliveira CCV, Fatsini E, Fernández I, Anjos C, Chauvigné F, Cerdà J, Mjelle R, Fernandes JMO, Cabrita E. Kisspeptin Influences the Reproductive Axis and Circulating Levels of microRNAs in Senegalese Sole. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239051. [PMID: 33260781 PMCID: PMC7730343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin regulates puberty and reproduction onset, acting upstream of the brain–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis. This study aimed to test a kisspeptin-based hormonal therapy on cultured Senegalese sole (G1) breeders, known to have reproductive dysfunctions. A single intramuscular injection of KISS2-10 decapeptide (250 µg/kg) was tested in females and males during the reproductive season, and gonad maturation, sperm motility, plasma levels of gonadotropins (Fsh and Lh) and sex steroids (11-ketotestosterone, testosterone and estradiol), as well as changes in small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in plasma, were investigated. Fsh, Lh, and testosterone levels increased after kisspeptin injection in both sexes, while sperm analysis did not show differences between groups. Let7e, miR-199a-3p and miR-100-5p were differentially expressed in females, while miR-1-3p miRNA was up-regulated in kisspeptin-treated males. In silico prediction of mRNAs targeted by miRNAs revealed that kisspeptin treatment might affect paracellular transporters, regulate structural and functional polarity of cells, neural networks and intracellular trafficking in Senegalese sole females; also, DNA methylation and sphingolipid metabolism might be altered in kisspeptin-treated males. Results demonstrated that kisspeptin stimulated gonadotropin and testosterone secretion in both sexes and induced an unanticipated alteration of plasma miRNAs, opening new research venues to understand how this neuropeptide impacts in fish HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C. V. Oliveira
- Center of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.F.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.V.O.); (E.C.)
| | - Elvira Fatsini
- Center of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agrarian Technological Institute of Castile and Leon, Ctra. Arévalo, s/n, 40196 Segovia, Spain;
| | - Catarina Anjos
- Center of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.F.); (C.A.)
| | - François Chauvigné
- IRTA-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Joan Cerdà
- IRTA-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Robin Mjelle
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway; (R.M.); (J.M.O.F.)
| | - Jorge M. O. Fernandes
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway; (R.M.); (J.M.O.F.)
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Center of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.F.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.V.O.); (E.C.)
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17
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Phenotype microarrays reveal metabolic dysregulations of neurospheres derived from embryonic Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236826. [PMID: 32730314 PMCID: PMC7392322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), is the most common cause of intellectual disability, and is characterized by defective neurogenesis during perinatal development. To identify metabolic aberrations in early neurogenesis, we profiled neurospheres derived from the embryonic brain of Ts1Cje, a mouse model of Down syndrome. High-throughput phenotypic microarray revealed a significant decrease in utilisation of 17 out of 367 substrates and significantly higher utilisation of 6 substrates in the Ts1Cje neurospheres compared to controls. Specifically, Ts1Cje neurospheres were less efficient in the utilisation of glucose-6-phosphate suggesting a dysregulation in the energy-producing pathway. T Cje neurospheres were significantly smaller in diameter than the controls. Subsequent preliminary study on supplementation with 6-phosphogluconic acid, an intermediate of glucose-6-phosphate metabolism, was able to rescue the Ts1Cje neurosphere size. This study confirmed the perturbed pentose phosphate pathway, contributing to defects observed in Ts1Cje neurospheres. We show for the first time that this comprehensive energetic assay platform facilitates the metabolic characterisation of Ts1Cje cells and confirmed their distinguishable metabolic profiles compared to the controls.
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18
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Autoimmune Mechanisms of Interferon Hypersensitivity and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Down Syndrome. Autoimmune Dis 2020; 2020:6876920. [PMID: 32566271 PMCID: PMC7285398 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6876920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21 (T21), is associated with interferon (IFN) hypersensitivity, as well as predilections for Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and various autoimmune diseases. IFN-α and IFN-γ receptors are encoded on chromosome 21 (Ch21). It remains unclear how other Ch21 genes contribute to the neuropathological features of DS/T21. This study tests the hypothesis that identifying IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) control sites on Ch21 will mark novel candidate genes for DS/T21-related IFN hypersensitivity and neuropathology not previously reported to be associated with IFN functions. We performed whole chromosome searches of online databases. The general ISRE consensus and gamma interferon activation consensus sequences (GAS) were used for identifying IFN-stimulated response elements. Candidate genes were defined as those possessing two or more ISRE and/or GAS control sites within and/or upstream of the transcription start site. A literature search of gene functions was used to select the candidate genes most likely to explain neuropathology associated with IFN hypersensitivity. DOPEY2, TMEM50B, PCBP3, RCAN1, and SIM2 were found to meet the aforementioned gene search and functional criteria. These findings suggest that DOPEY2, TMEM50B, PCBP3, RCAN1, and SIM2 are genes which may be dysregulated in DS/T21 and may therefore serve as novel targets for treatments aimed at ameliorating the neuropathological features of DS/T21. Future studies should determine whether these genes are dysregulated in patients with DS, DS-related AD, and autoimmune diseases.
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19
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Yang B, Li R, Liu PN, Geng X, Mooney BP, Chen C, Cheng J, Fritsche KL, Beversdorf DQ, Lee JC, Sun GY, Greenlief CM. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Docosahexaenoic Acid-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglial Cells. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2236-2246. [PMID: 32302149 PMCID: PMC7282485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The high levels of docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA) in cell membranes
within the brain have led to a number of studies exploring its function.
These studies have shown that DHA can reduce inflammatory responses
in microglial cells. However, the method of action is poorly understood.
Here, we report the effects of DHA on microglial cells stimulated
with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Data were acquired using the parallel
accumulation serial fragmentation method in a hybrid trapped ion mobility-quadrupole
time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Over 2800 proteins are identified
using label-free quantitative proteomics. Cells exposed to LPSs and/or
DHA resulted in changes in cell morphology and expression of 49 proteins
with differential abundance (greater than 1.5-fold change). The data
provide details about pathways that are influenced in this system
including the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of the activated
B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay studies are used to help confirm the proteomic results. The
MS data are available at ProteomeXchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States.,Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Runting Li
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Pei N Liu
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, Illinois, United States
| | - Brian P Mooney
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States.,Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - David Q Beversdorf
- Departments of Radiology, Neurology and Psychological Sciences, and the Thompson Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, Illinois, United States
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - C Michael Greenlief
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States.,Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
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Policicchio S, Washer S, Viana J, Iatrou A, Burrage J, Hannon E, Turecki G, Kaminsky Z, Mill J, Dempster EL, Murphy TM. Genome-wide DNA methylation meta-analysis in the brains of suicide completers. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:69. [PMID: 32075955 PMCID: PMC7031296 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death globally among young people representing a significant global health burden. Although the molecular correlates of suicide remains poorly understood, it has been hypothesised that epigenomic processes may play a role. The objective of this study was to identify suicide-associated DNA methylation changes in the human brain by utilising previously published and unpublished methylomic datasets. We analysed prefrontal cortex (PFC, n = 211) and cerebellum (CER, n = 114) DNA methylation profiles from suicide completers and non-psychiatric, sudden-death controls, meta-analysing data from independent cohorts for each brain region separately. We report evidence for altered DNA methylation at several genetic loci in suicide cases compared to controls in both brain regions with suicide-associated differentially methylated positions enriched among functional pathways relevant to psychiatric phenotypes and suicidality, including nervous system development (PFC) and regulation of long-term synaptic depression (CER). In addition, we examined the functional consequences of variable DNA methylation within a PFC suicide-associated differentially methylated region (PSORS1C3 DMR) using a dual luciferase assay and examined expression of nearby genes. DNA methylation within this region was associated with decreased expression of firefly luciferase but was not associated with expression of nearby genes, PSORS1C3 and POU5F1. Our data suggest that suicide is associated with DNA methylation, offering novel insights into the molecular pathology associated with suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Policicchio
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sam Washer
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joana Viana
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Artemis Iatrou
- grid.240684.c0000 0001 0705 3621Rush Alzheimer’s Neurodisease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Joe Burrage
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
| | - Zachary Kaminsky
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jonathan Mill
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Emma L. Dempster
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Therese M. Murphy
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK ,grid.497880.aSchool of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, 2 Ireland
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21
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Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020449. [PMID: 31936777 PMCID: PMC7013550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin plays a key role in regulating gene expression programs necessary for the orderly progress of development and for preventing changes in cell identity that can lead to disease. The high mobility group N (HMGN) is a family of nucleosome binding proteins that preferentially binds to chromatin regulatory sites including enhancers and promoters. HMGN proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all vertebrate cells potentially affecting chromatin function and epigenetic regulation in multiple cell types. Here, we review studies aimed at elucidating the biological function of HMGN proteins, focusing on their possible role in vertebrate development and the etiology of disease. The data indicate that changes in HMGN levels lead to cell type-specific phenotypes, suggesting that HMGN optimize epigenetic processes necessary for maintaining cell identity and for proper execution of specific cellular functions. This manuscript contains tables that can be used as a comprehensive resource for all the English written manuscripts describing research aimed at elucidating the biological function of the HMGN protein family.
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Genetic and epigenetic pathways in Down syndrome: Insights to the brain and immune system from humans and mouse models. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 251:1-28. [PMID: 32057305 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) leads to a constellation of phenotypic manifestations in Down syndrome (DS), including prominent effects on the brain and immune system. Intensive efforts to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes may help developing effective therapies, both in DS and in the general population. Here we review recent progress in genetic and epigenetic analysis of trisomy 21 (Ts21). New mouse models of DS based on syntenic conservation of segments of the mouse and human chromosomes are starting to clarify the contributions of chromosomal subregions and orthologous genes to specific phenotypes in DS. The expression of genes on Hsa21 is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, and with recent findings of highly recurrent gene-specific changes in DNA methylation patterns in brain and immune system cells with Ts21, the epigenomics of DS has become an active research area. Here we highlight the value of combining human studies with mouse models for defining DS critical genes and understanding the trans-acting effects of a simple chromosomal aneuploidy on genome-wide epigenetic patterning. These genetic and epigenetic studies are starting to uncover fundamental biological mechanisms, leading to insights that may soon become therapeutically relevant.
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Chavoshinezhad S, Mohseni Kouchesfahani H, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Interferon beta ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and apoptosis as underlying mechanism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109661. [PMID: 31152860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis are major players in cognitive/memory dysfunctions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interferon beta (IFNβ) is a cytokine with anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective properties on the central nervous system (CNS) cells which specifically affects neural progenitor cells (NPCs) even in the adult brain. In this study, we examined the effect of IFNβ on memory impairment as well as hippocampal neurogenesis and apoptosis in a rat model of AD. AD model was induced by lentiviral-mediated overexpression of mutant APP in the hippocampus of adult rats. Intranasal (IN) administration of IFNβ (0.5 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg doses) was started from day 23 after virus injection and continued every other day to the final day of experiments. The expression levels of APP, neurogenesis (Nestin, Ki67, DCX, and Reelin) and apoptosis (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved-caspase-3 and seladin-1) markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Moreover, thioflavin T and Nissl stainings were used to assess Aβ plaque levels and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus, respectively. Our results showed that IFNβ treatment reduced APP expression and Aβ plaque formation, and concomitantly ameliorated spatial learning and memory deficits examined in Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. Moreover, in parallel with reducing apoptosis and neural loss in the hippocampal subfields, IFNβ decreased ectopic neurogenesis in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the AD rat hippocampus. However, IFNβ increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus neurogenic niche. Our findings suggest that IFNβ exerts neuroprotective effects at least partly by inhibition of apoptosis and modulation of neurogenesis. Taken together, IFNβ can be a promising therapeutic approach to improve cognitive performance in AD-like neurodegenerative context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chavoshinezhad S, Mohseni Kouchesfahani H, Salehi MS, Pandamooz S, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Intranasal interferon beta improves memory and modulates inflammatory responses in a mutant APP-overexpressing rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Abstract
Microrchidia 3 (MORC3) is a human protein linked to autoimmune disorders, Down syndrome, and cancer. It is a member of a newly identified family of human ATPases with an uncharacterized mechanism of action. Here, we elucidate the molecular basis for inhibition and activation of MORC3. The crystal structure of the MORC3 region encompassing the ATPase and CW domains in complex with a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog demonstrates that the two domains are directly coupled. The extensive ATPase:CW interface stabilizes the protein fold but inhibits the catalytic activity of MORC3. Enzymatic, NMR, mutational, and biochemical analyses show that in the autoinhibited, off state, the CW domain sterically impedes binding of the ATPase domain to DNA, which in turn is required for the catalytic activity. MORC3 autoinhibition is released by disrupting the intramolecular ATPase:CW coupling through the competitive interaction of CW with histone H3 tail or by mutating the interfacial residues. Binding of CW to H3 leads to a marked rearrangement in the ATPase-CW cassette, which frees the DNA-binding site in active MORC3 (on state). We show that ATP-induced dimerization of the ATPase domain is strictly required for the catalytic activity and that the dimeric form of ATPase-CW might cooperatively bind to dsDNA. Together, our findings uncovered a mechanism underlying the fine-tuned regulation of the catalytic domain of MORC3 by the epigenetic reader, CW.
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Lee HC, Md Yusof HH, Leong MPY, Zainal Abidin S, Seth EA, Hewitt CA, Vidyadaran S, Nordin N, Scott HS, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Gene and protein expression profiles of JAK-STAT signalling pathway in the developing brain of the Ts1Cje down syndrome mouse model. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:871-881. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1580280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chung Lee
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hadri Hadi Md Yusof
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melody Pui-Yee Leong
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eryse Amira Seth
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chelsee A. Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Australian Cancer Research Foundation Genomics Facility, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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Yusof HH, Lee HC, Seth EA, Wu X, Hewitt CA, Scott HS, Cheah PS, Li YM, Chau DM, Ling KH. Expression Profiling of Notch Signalling Pathway and Gamma-Secretase Activity in the Brain of Ts1Cje Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:632-642. [PMID: 30758748 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling pathway is involved in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), to inhibit neuronal cell commitment and to promote glial cell fate. Notch protein is cleaved by gamma-secretase, a multisubunit transmembrane protein complex that releases the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and subsequently activates the downstream targets. Down syndrome (DS) individuals exhibit an increased number of glial cells (particularly astrocytes), and reduced number of neurons suggesting the involvement of Notch signalling pathway in the neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in DS brain. Ts1Cje is a DS mouse model that exhibit similar neuropathology to human DS individuals. To date, the spatiotemporal gene expression of the Notch and gamma-secretase genes have not been characterised in Ts1Cje mouse brain. Understanding the expression pattern of Notch and gamma-secretase genes may provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanism that leads to the shift. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR was performed on early embryonic and postnatal development of DS brain. In the developing mouse brain, mRNA expression analysis showed that gamma-secretase members (Psen1, Pen-2, Aph-1b, and Ncstn) were not differentially expressed. Notch2 was found to be downregulated in the developing Ts1Cje brain samples. Postnatal gene expression study showed complex expression patterns and Notch1 and Notch2 genes were found to be significantly downregulated in the hippocampus at postnatal day 30. Results from RT-qPCR analysis from E15.5 neurosphere culture showed an increase of expression of Psen1, and Aph-1b but downregulation of Pen-2 and Ncstn genes. Gamma-secretase activity in Ts1Cje E15.5 neurospheres was significantly increased by fivefold. In summary, the association and the role of Notch and gamma-secretase gene expression throughout development with neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in Ts1Cje remain undefined and warrant further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadri Hadi Yusof
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eryse Amira Seth
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xiangzhong Wu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chelsee A Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - De-Ming Chau
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Kelley KW, Nakao-Inoue H, Molofsky AV, Oldham MC. Variation among intact tissue samples reveals the core transcriptional features of human CNS cell classes. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1171-1184. [PMID: 30154505 PMCID: PMC6192711 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is widely assumed that cells must be physically isolated to study their molecular profiles. However, intact tissue samples naturally exhibit variation in cellular composition, which drives covariation of cell-class-specific molecular features. By analyzing transcriptional covariation in 7,221 intact CNS samples from 840 neurotypical individuals, representing billions of cells, we reveal the core transcriptional identities of major CNS cell classes in humans. By modeling intact CNS transcriptomes as a function of variation in cellular composition, we identify cell-class-specific transcriptional differences in Alzheimer's disease, among brain regions, and between species. Among these, we show that PMP2 is expressed by human but not mouse astrocytes and significantly increases mouse astrocyte size upon ectopic expression in vivo, causing them to more closely resemble their human counterparts. Our work is available as an online resource ( http://oldhamlab.ctec.ucsf.edu/ ) and provides a generalizable strategy for determining the core molecular features of cellular identity in intact biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Kelley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hiromi Nakao-Inoue
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Oldham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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29
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Lucas ED, Finlon JM, Burchill MA, McCarthy MK, Morrison TE, Colpitts TM, Tamburini BAJ. Type 1 IFN and PD-L1 Coordinate Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Expansion and Contraction during an Inflammatory Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1735-1747. [PMID: 30045970 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) expansion during an immune response is a complex process that involves the relaxation of the fibroblastic network, germinal center formation, and lymphatic vessel growth. These processes require the stromal cell network of the LN to act deliberately to accommodate the influx of immune cells to the LN. The molecular drivers of these processes are not well understood. Therefore, we asked whether the immediate cytokines type 1 IFN produced during viral infection influence the lymphatic network of the LN in mice. We found that following an IFN-inducing stimulus such as viral infection or polyI:C, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is dynamically upregulated on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We found that reception of type 1 IFN by LECs is important for the upregulation of PD-L1 of mouse and human LECs and the inhibition of LEC expansion in the LN. Expression of PD-L1 by LECs is also important for the regulation of LN expansion and contraction after an IFN-inducing stimulus. We demonstrate a direct role for both type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in inhibiting LEC division and in promoting LEC survival. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism for the coordination of type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in manipulating LEC expansion and survival during an inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Lucas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jeffrey M Finlon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthew A Burchill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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30
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Aziz NM, Guedj F, Pennings JLA, Olmos-Serrano JL, Siegel A, Haydar TF, Bianchi DW. Lifespan analysis of brain development, gene expression and behavioral phenotypes in the Ts1Cje, Ts65Dn and Dp(16)1/Yey mouse models of Down syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031013. [PMID: 29716957 PMCID: PMC6031353 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) results from triplication of human chromosome 21. Neuropathological hallmarks of DS include atypical central nervous system development that manifests prenatally and extends throughout life. As a result, individuals with DS exhibit cognitive and motor deficits, and have delays in achieving developmental milestones. To determine whether different mouse models of DS recapitulate the human prenatal and postnatal phenotypes, here, we directly compared brain histogenesis, gene expression and behavior over the lifespan of three cytogenetically distinct mouse models of DS: Ts1Cje, Ts65Dn and Dp(16)1/Yey. Histological data indicated that Ts65Dn mice were the most consistently affected with respect to somatic growth, neurogenesis and brain morphogenesis. Embryonic and adult gene expression results showed that Ts1Cje and Ts65Dn brains had considerably more differentially expressed (DEX) genes compared with Dp(16)1/Yey mice, despite the larger number of triplicated genes in the latter model. In addition, DEX genes showed little overlap in identity and chromosomal distribution in the three models, leading to dissimilarities in affected functional pathways. Perinatal and adult behavioral testing also highlighted differences among the models in their abilities to achieve various developmental milestones and perform hippocampal- and motor-based tasks. Interestingly, Dp(16)1/Yey mice showed no abnormalities in prenatal brain phenotypes, yet they manifested behavioral deficits starting at postnatal day 15 that continued through adulthood. In contrast, Ts1Cje mice showed mildly abnormal embryonic brain phenotypes, but only select behavioral deficits as neonates and adults. Altogether, our data showed widespread and unexpected fundamental differences in behavioral, gene expression and brain development phenotypes between these three mouse models. Our findings illustrate unique limitations of each model when studying aspects of brain development and function in DS. This work helps to inform model selection in future studies investigating how observed neurodevelopmental abnormalities arise, how they contribute to cognitive impairment, and when testing therapeutic molecules to ameliorate the intellectual disability associated with DS.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M Aziz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Faycal Guedj
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jose Luis Olmos-Serrano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ashley Siegel
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tarik F Haydar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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31
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Gonzales PK, Roberts CM, Fonte V, Jacobsen C, Stein GH, Link CD. Transcriptome analysis of genetically matched human induced pluripotent stem cells disomic or trisomic for chromosome 21. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194581. [PMID: 29584757 PMCID: PMC5870938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of chromosome 21, the genetic cause of Down syndrome, has the potential to alter expression of genes on chromosome 21, as well as other locations throughout the genome. These transcriptome changes are likely to underlie the Down syndrome clinical phenotypes. We have employed RNA-seq to undertake an in-depth analysis of transcriptome changes resulting from trisomy of chromosome 21, using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a single individual with Down syndrome. These cells were originally derived by Li et al, who genetically targeted chromosome 21 in trisomic iPSCs, allowing selection of disomic sibling iPSC clones. Analyses were conducted on trisomic/disomic cell pairs maintained as iPSCs or differentiated into cortical neuronal cultures. In addition to characterization of gene expression levels, we have also investigated patterns of RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing, alternative splicing, and repetitive element expression, aspects of the transcriptome that have not been significantly characterized in the context of Down syndrome. We identified significant changes in transcript accumulation associated with chromosome 21 trisomy, as well as changes in alternative splicing and repetitive element transcripts. Unexpectedly, the trisomic iPSCs we characterized expressed higher levels of neuronal transcripts than control disomic iPSCs, and readily differentiated into cortical neurons, in contrast to another reported study. Comparison of our transcriptome data with similar studies of trisomic iPSCs suggests that trisomy of chromosome 21 may not intrinsically limit neuronal differentiation, but instead may interfere with the maintenance of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Gonzales
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Roberts
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Virginia Fonte
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Connor Jacobsen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gretchen H. Stein
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Link
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Andrews FH, Tong Q, Sullivan KD, Cornett EM, Zhang Y, Ali M, Ahn J, Pandey A, Guo AH, Strahl BD, Costello JC, Espinosa JM, Rothbart SB, Kutateladze TG. Multivalent Chromatin Engagement and Inter-domain Crosstalk Regulate MORC3 ATPase. Cell Rep 2018; 16:3195-3207. [PMID: 27653685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MORC3 is linked to inflammatory myopathies and cancer; however, the precise role of MORC3 in normal cell physiology and disease remains poorly understood. Here, we present detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural analyses of MORC3. We demonstrate that MORC3 is significantly upregulated in Down syndrome and that genetic abnormalities in MORC3 are associated with cancer. The CW domain of MORC3 binds to the methylated histone H3K4 tail, and this interaction is essential for recruitment of MORC3 to chromatin and accumulation in nuclear bodies. We show that MORC3 possesses intrinsic ATPase activity that requires DNA, but it is negatively regulated by the CW domain, which interacts with the ATPase domain. Natively linked CW impedes binding of the ATPase domain to DNA, resulting in a decrease in the DNA-stimulated enzymatic activity. Collectively, our studies provide a molecular framework detailing MORC3 functions and suggest that its modulation may contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forest H Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Qiong Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Evan M Cornett
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Muzaffar Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - JaeWoo Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ahway Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angela H Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Scott B Rothbart
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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33
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Chen M, Wang J, Luo Y, Huang K, Shi X, Liu Y, Li J, Lai Z, Xue S, Gao H, Chen A, Chen D. Identify Down syndrome transcriptome associations using integrative analysis of microarray database and correlation-interaction network. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:2. [PMID: 29351810 PMCID: PMC5775600 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have previously been emerged as key players in a series of biological processes. Dysregulation of lncRNA is correlated to human diseases including neurological disorders. Here, we developed a multi-step bioinformatics analysis to study the functions of a particular Down syndrome-associated gene DSCR9 including the lncRNAs. The method is named correlation-interaction-network (COIN), based on which a pipeline is implemented. Co-expression gene network analysis and biological network analysis results are presented. METHODS We identified the regulation function of DSCR9, a lncRNA transcribed from the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of chromosome 21, by analyzing its co-expression genes from over 1700 sets and nearly 60,000 public Affymetrix human U133-Plus 2 transcriptional profiling microarrays. After proper evaluations, a threshold is chosen to filter the data and get satisfactory results. Microarray data resource is from EBI database and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network information is incorporated from the most complete network databases. PPI integration strategy guarantees complete information regarding DSCR9. Enrichment analysis is performed to identify significantly correlated pathways. RESULTS We found that the most significant pathways associated with the top DSCR9 co-expressed genes were shown to be involved in neuro-active ligand-receptor interaction (GLP1R, HTR4, P2RX2, UCN3, and UTS2R), calcium signaling pathway (CACNA1F, CACNG4, HTR4, P2RX2, and SLC8A3), neuronal system (KCNJ5 and SYN1) by the KEGG, and GO analysis. The A549 and U251 cell lines with stable DSCR9 overexpression were constructed. We validated 10 DSCR9 co-expression genes by qPCR in both cell lines with over 70% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS DSCR9 was highly correlated with genes that were known as important factors in the developments and functions of nervous system, indicating that DSCR9 may regulate neurological proteins regarding Down syndrome and other neurological-related diseases. The pipeline can be properly adjusted to other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,The Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,The Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, Manhattan Beach, CA, 90266, USA
| | - Kailing Huang
- Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, Manhattan Beach, CA, 90266, USA
| | - Xiaoshun Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, Manhattan Beach, CA, 90266, USA
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfei Lai
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Shuya Xue
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,The Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haimei Gao
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,The Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allen Chen
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, Manhattan Beach, CA, 90266, USA
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,The Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China.
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34
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Torres MD, Garcia O, Tang C, Busciglio J. Dendritic spine pathology and thrombospondin-1 deficits in Down syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:10-14. [PMID: 28965914 PMCID: PMC7185223 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal dendritic spine structure and function is one of the most prominent features associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including Down syndrome (DS). Defects in both spine morphology and spine density may underlie alterations in neuronal and synaptic plasticity, ultimately affecting cognitive ability. Here we briefly examine the role of astrocytes in spine alterations and more specifically the involvement of astrocyte-secreted thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) deficits in spine and synaptic pathology in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Octavio Garcia
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cindy Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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35
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Sullivan KD, Evans D, Pandey A, Hraha TH, Smith KP, Markham N, Rachubinski AL, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Hickey F, Espinosa JM, Blumenthal T. Trisomy 21 causes changes in the circulating proteome indicative of chronic autoinflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14818. [PMID: 29093484 PMCID: PMC5665944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21) causes Down syndrome (DS), but the mechanisms by which T21 produces the different disease spectrum observed in people with DS are unknown. We recently identified an activated interferon response associated with T21 in human cells of different origins, consistent with overexpression of the four interferon receptors encoded on chromosome 21, and proposed that DS could be understood partially as an interferonopathy. However, the impact of T21 on systemic signaling cascades in living individuals with DS is undefined. To address this knowledge gap, we employed proteomics approaches to analyze blood samples from 263 individuals, 165 of them with DS, leading to the identification of dozens of proteins that are consistently deregulated by T21. Most prominent among these proteins are numerous factors involved in immune control, the complement cascade, and growth factor signaling. Importantly, people with DS display higher levels of many pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6, MCP-1, IL-22, TNF-α) and pronounced complement consumption, resembling changes seen in type I interferonopathies and other autoinflammatory conditions. Therefore, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased interferon signaling caused by T21 leads to chronic immune dysregulation, and justify investigations to define the therapeutic value of immune-modulatory strategies in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Donald Evans
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | | | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Neil Markham
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- JFK Partners/Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Kristine Wolter-Warmerdam
- Anna and John J. Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Francis Hickey
- Anna and John J. Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80203, USA.
| | - Thomas Blumenthal
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80203, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
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36
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Sales AVMN, Giacheti CM, Cola PC, Silva RGD. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing in Down syndrome. Codas 2017; 29:e20170005. [PMID: 29069232 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20172017005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the qualitative and quantitative temporal analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing in children diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS) through a case series study of six individuals aged 4 to 17 months (mean age = 11.16 months; median = 12 months). METHODS Qualitative and quantitative temporal analysis of swallowing using videofluoroscopy and specific software. The following parameters were assessed: presence or absence of oral incoordination, labial sphincter sealing incompetence, oral residue, posterior oral spillage, laryngotracheal penetration and aspiration, pharyngeal and total oral transit time (TOTT). RESULTS Qualitative analysis identified individuals with disorders in at least four of the swallowing parameters investigated. Only one individual presented total oral transit time (TOTT) different from the others. No difference was observed between the cases regarding pharyngeal transit time. CONCLUSION Qualitative swallowing disorders are observed in children with DS, with difference in TOTT only in the case report of the youngest infant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Cristina Cola
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Marília (SP), Brasil.,Universidade de Marília - UNIMAR - Marilia (SP), Brasil
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37
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Alharby E, Albalawi A, Nasir A, Alhijji S, Mahmood A, Ramzan K, Abdusamad F, Aljohani A, Abdelsalam O, Eldardear A, Basit S. A homozygous potentially pathogenic variant in thePAXBP1gene in a large family with global developmental delay and myopathic hypotonia. Clin Genet 2017; 92:579-586. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Alharby
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - A.M. Albalawi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Nasir
- Synthetic Protein Engineering Laboratory (SPEL); Ajou University; Suwon Korea
| | - S.A. Alhijji
- Paediatric Neurology Department; King Abdullah Medical City, Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Mahmood
- Stem Cells Unit, Department of Anatomy; King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, Research Centre; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Abdusamad
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Aljohani
- College of Applied Medical Sciences; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - A. Eldardear
- College of Medicine; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
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A Comprehensive Diverse '-omics' Approach to Better Understanding the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7040044. [PMID: 28430122 PMCID: PMC5406701 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse ‘-omics’ technologies permit the comprehensive quantitative profiling of a variety of biological molecules. Comparative ‘-omics’ analyses, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, are powerful and useful tools for unraveling the molecular pathomechanisms of various diseases. As enhanced oxidative stress has been demonstrated in humans and mice with Down syndrome (DS), a redox proteomic analysis is useful for understanding how enhanced oxidative stress aggravates the state of individuals with oxidative stress-related disorders. In this review, ‘-omics’ analyses in humans with DS and mouse models of DS are summarized, and the molecular dissection of this syndrome is discussed.
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39
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Ma K, Li F, Yu Y, Li H. Screening of potential biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 37:435-440. [PMID: 28019128 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2016.1250730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify key genes located on chromosome 21 as potential biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 (Ts21). The microarray data of GSE48051, including 10 cultivated amniocyte samples with Ts21 and 9 controls with normal euploid constitution, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cultivated amniocyte samples with Ts21 compared to normal controls were screened using limma package. Then, we performed GO enrichment analysis using DAVID and chromosomal location of DEGs based on the information of the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser Database. Finally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed using STRING. Total 155 DEGs in cultivated amniocyte samples with Ts21 were identified, including 89 up- and 66 down-regulated DEGs. The over-represented GO terms of DEGs were mainly related with apoptosis, programmed cell death and cell death. In total, 13 DEGs were located on chromosome 21, thereinto, only 6 DEGs were included into the PPI network, including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (GART), downstream neighbour of SON (DONSON), ATP synthase, H + transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit (ATP5O), chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit B (p60) (CHAF1B) and proteasome (prosome, macropain) assembly chaperone 1 (PSMG1). Our results suggest that SOD1, GART, DONSON, ATP5O, CHAF1B and PSMG1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome and may serve as potential biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of Ts21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- a Department of Pediatric Emergency , First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Feng Li
- a Department of Pediatric Emergency , First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Yang Yu
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Haibo Li
- a Department of Pediatric Emergency , First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , China
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40
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Hong G, Qiu H, Wang C, Jadhav G, Wang H, Tickner J, He W, Xu J. The Emerging Role of MORC Family Proteins in Cancer Development and Bone Homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:928-934. [PMID: 27791268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC or MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein), a highly conserved nuclear protein superfamily, is an interesting new player in signaling-dependent chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation. MORC family proteins consist of MORC1, MORC2, MORC3, and MORC4 which display common structural determinants such as CW-type zinc finger and coiled-coil domains. They also exhibit unique structural motifs and tissue-specific expression profiles. MORC1 was first discovered as a key regulator for male meiosis and spermatogenesis. Accumulating biochemical and functional analyses unveil MORC proteins as key regulators for cancer development. More recently, using an ENU mutagenesis mouse model, MORC3 was found to play a role in regulating bone and calcium homeostasis. Here we discuss recent research progress on the emerging role of MORC proteins in cancer development and bone metabolism. Unravelling the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MORC proteins carry out their functions in a tissue specific manner are important subjects for future investigation. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 928-934, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Hong
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gaurav Jadhav
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haibin Wang
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei He
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiake Xu
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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41
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Guedj F, Pennings JLA, Massingham LJ, Wick HC, Siegel AE, Tantravahi U, Bianchi DW. An Integrated Human/Murine Transcriptome and Pathway Approach To Identify Prenatal Treatments For Down Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32353. [PMID: 27586445 PMCID: PMC5009456 DOI: 10.1038/srep32353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomical and functional brain abnormalities begin during fetal life in Down syndrome (DS). We hypothesize that novel prenatal treatments can be identified by targeting signaling pathways that are consistently perturbed in cell types/tissues obtained from human fetuses with DS and mouse embryos. We analyzed transcriptome data from fetuses with trisomy 21, age and sex-matched euploid controls, and embryonic day 15.5 forebrains from Ts1Cje, Ts65Dn, and Dp16 mice. The new datasets were compared to other publicly available datasets from humans with DS. We used the human Connectivity Map (CMap) database and created a murine adaptation to identify FDA-approved drugs that can rescue affected pathways. USP16 and TTC3 were dysregulated in all affected human cells and two mouse models. DS-associated pathway abnormalities were either the result of gene dosage specific effects or the consequence of a global cell stress response with activation of compensatory mechanisms. CMap analyses identified 56 molecules with high predictive scores to rescue abnormal gene expression in both species. Our novel integrated human/murine systems biology approach identified commonly dysregulated genes and pathways. This can help to prioritize therapeutic molecules on which to further test safety and efficacy. Additional studies in human cells are ongoing prior to pre-clinical prenatal treatment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faycal Guedj
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeroen LA Pennings
- Center for Health Protection (GZB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren J Massingham
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heather C Wick
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Ashley E Siegel
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Umadevi Tantravahi
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
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Sullivan KD, Lewis HC, Hill AA, Pandey A, Jackson LP, Cabral JM, Smith KP, Liggett LA, Gomez EB, Galbraith MD, DeGregori J, Espinosa JM. Trisomy 21 consistently activates the interferon response. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27472900 PMCID: PMC5012864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is clear that trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome, the molecular events acting downstream of the trisomy remain ill defined. Using complementary genomics analyses, we identified the interferon pathway as the major signaling cascade consistently activated by trisomy 21 in human cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that trisomy 21 activates the interferon transcriptional response in fibroblast and lymphoblastoid cell lines, as well as circulating monocytes and T cells. Trisomy 21 cells show increased induction of interferon-stimulated genes and decreased expression of ribosomal proteins and translation factors. An shRNA screen determined that the interferon-activated kinases JAK1 and TYK2 suppress proliferation of trisomy 21 fibroblasts, and this defect is rescued by pharmacological JAK inhibition. Therefore, we propose that interferon activation, likely via increased gene dosage of the four interferon receptors encoded on chromosome 21, contributes to many of the clinical impacts of trisomy 21, and that interferon antagonists could have therapeutic benefits. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16220.001 Our genetic information is contained within structures called chromosomes. Down syndrome is caused by the genetic condition known as trisomy 21, in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra chromosome affects human development in many ways, including causing neurological problems and stunted growth. Trisomy 21 makes individuals more susceptible to certain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmune disorders – where the immune system attacks healthy cells in the body – while protecting them from tumors and some other conditions. Since cells with trisomy 21 have an extra copy of every single gene on chromosome 21, it is expected that these genes should be more highly expressed – that is, the products of these genes should be present at higher levels inside cells. However, it was not clear which genes on other chromosomes are also affected by trisomy 21. Sullivan et al. aimed to identify which genes are affected by trisomy 21 by studying samples collected from a variety of individuals with, and without, this condition. Four genes in chromosome 21 encode proteins that recognize signal molecules called interferons, which are produced by cells in response to viral or bacterial infection. Interferons act on neighboring cells to regulate genes that prevent the spread of the infection, shut down the production of proteins and activate the immune system. Sullivan et al. show that cells with trisomy 21 produce high levels of genes that are activated by interferons and lower levels of genes required for protein production. In other words, the cells of people with Down syndrome are constantly fighting a viral infection that does not exist. Constant activation of interferon signaling could explain many aspects of Down syndrome, including neurological problems and protection against tumors. The next steps are to fully define the role of interferon signaling in the development of Down syndrome, and to find out whether drugs that block the action of interferons could have therapeutic benefits. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16220.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Hannah C Lewis
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Amanda A Hill
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Leisa P Jackson
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Joseph M Cabral
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - L Alexander Liggett
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Eliana B Gomez
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - James DeGregori
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Section of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
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Morc3 mutant mice exhibit reduced cortical area and thickness, accompanied by altered haematopoietic stem cells niche and bone cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25964. [PMID: 27188231 PMCID: PMC4870562 DOI: 10.1038/srep25964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Morc3, a member of a highly conserved nuclear matrix protein super-family plays an important part in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, epigenetic regulation and cellular senescence. However, its role in bone homeostasis is not known. In the present study, a phenotype-driven ENU mouse mutagenesis screen revealed that Morc3mut +/− mice exhibit reduced cortical area and thickness with increased cortical porosity. Morc3mut +/− mice displayed reduced osteoclast numbers and surface per bone surface as well as osteocyte numbers, concomitant with altered gene expressions such as Rankl/Opg and Sost in ex vivo long bones. In vitro experiments revealed a significant increase in the number of Sca-1+/c-kit+ haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and a significant reduction in senescence associated β-galactosidase activity in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). In addition, we observed a decrease in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption accompanied by upregulation of STAT1 expression in osteoclast lineage cells. Strikingly, Morc3 protein localization within the nuclear membrane was shifted to the cytoplasm in Morc3mut +/− osteoclasts. Further, Morc3mut +/− mice displayed increased osteoblast differentiation and altered gene expression. Collectively, our data show that Morc3 is a previously unreported regulator of cortical bone homeostasis and haematopoietic stem cells niche, accompanied by altered bone cell differentiation.
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Gopisetty G, Thangarajan R. Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (MRPS) genes: A putative role in human disease. Gene 2016; 589:27-35. [PMID: 27170550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are prominently understood as power houses producing ATP the primary energy currency of the cell. However, mitochondria are also known to play an important role in apoptosis and autophagy, and mitochondrial dysregulation can lead to pathological outcomes. Mitochondria are known to contain 1500 proteins of which only 13 are coded by mitochondrial DNA and the rest are coded by nuclear genes. Protein synthesis in mitochondria involves mitochondrial ribosomes which are 55-60S particles and are composed of small 28S and large 39S subunits. A feature of mammalian mitoribosome which differentiate it from bacterial ribosomes is the increased protein content. The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein (MRP) gene family comprises of 30 genes which code for mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit and 50 genes for the large subunit. The present review focuses on the mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit genes (MRPS), presents an overview of the literature and data gleaned from publicly available gene and protein expression databases. The survey revealed aberrations in MRPS gene expression patterns in varied human diseases indicating a putative role in their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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Potential Role of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in the Neurogenic-to-Gliogenic Shift in Down Syndrome Brain. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7434191. [PMID: 26881131 PMCID: PMC4737457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7434191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of human chromosome 21 in Down syndrome (DS) leads to several phenotypes, such as mild-to-severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. These are fundamental hallmarks of the disorder that affect the quality of life of most individuals with DS. Proper brain development involves meticulous regulation of various signaling pathways, and dysregulation may result in abnormal neurodevelopment. DS brain is characterized by an increased number of astrocytes with reduced number of neurons. In mouse models for DS, the pool of neural progenitor cells commits to glia rather than neuronal cell fate in the DS brain. However, the mechanism(s) and consequences of this slight neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in DS brain are still poorly understood. To date, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling has been proposed to be crucial in various developmental pathways, especially in promoting astrogliogenesis. Since both human and mouse models of DS brain exhibit less neurons and a higher percentage of cells with astrocytic phenotypes, understanding the role of JAK-STAT signaling in DS brain development will provide novel insight into its role in the pathogenesis of DS brain and may serve as a potential target for the development of effective therapy to improve DS cognition.
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46
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Tan KL, Ling KH, Hewitt CA, Cheah PS, Simpson K, Gordon L, Pritchard MA, Smyth GK, Thomas T, Scott HS. Transcriptional profiling of the postnatal brain of the Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 2:314-7. [PMID: 26484118 PMCID: PMC4535870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) has partial trisomy of mouse chromosome 16 (MMU16), which is syntenic to human chromosome 21 (HSA21). It develops various neuropathological features demonstrated by DS patients such as reduced cerebellar volume [1] and altered hippocampus-dependent learning and memory [2,3]. To understand the global gene expression effect of the partially triplicated MMU16 segment on mouse brain development, we performed the spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis of Ts1Cje and disomic control cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus harvested at four developmental time-points: postnatal day (P)1, P15, P30 and P84. Here, we provide a detailed description of the experimental and analysis procedures of the microarray dataset, which has been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE49050) database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Leng Tan
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, GRMRC-Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, GRMRC-Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chelsee A Hewitt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia ; Pathology Department, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, GRMRC-Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ken Simpson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lavinia Gordon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie A Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia ; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia ; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia ; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Department of Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia ; School of Molecular and Biomedical Bioscience, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia ; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Jiang X, Liu C, Yu T, Zhang L, Meng K, Xing Z, Belichenko PV, Kleschevnikov AM, Pao A, Peresie J, Wie S, Mobley WC, Yu YE. Genetic dissection of the Down syndrome critical region. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6540-51. [PMID: 26374847 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal disorder associated with developmental cognitive deficits. Despite intensive efforts, the genetic mechanisms underlying developmental cognitive deficits remain poorly understood, and no treatment has been proven effective. The previous mouse-based experiments suggest that the so-called Down syndrome critical region of human chromosome 21 is an important region for this phenotype, which is demarcated by Setd4/Cbr1 and Fam3b/Mx2. We first confirmed the importance of the Cbr1-Fam3b region using compound mutant mice, which carry a duplication spanning the entire human chromosome 21 orthologous region on mouse chromosome 16 [Dp(16)1Yey] and Ms1Rhr. By dividing the Setd4-Mx2 region into complementary Setd4-Kcnj6 and Kcnj15-Mx2 intervals, we started an unbiased dissection through generating and analyzing Dp(16)1Yey/Df(16Setd4-Kcnj6)Yey and Dp(16)1Yey/Df(16Kcnj15-Mx2)Yey mice. Surprisingly, the Dp(16)1Yey-associated cognitive phenotypes were not rescued by either deletion in the compound mutants, suggesting the possible presence of at least one causative gene in each of the two regions. The partial rescue by a Dyrk1a mutation in a compound mutant carrying Dp(16)1Yey and the Dyrk1a mutation confirmed the causative role of Dyrk1a, whereas the absence of a similar rescue by Df(16Dyrk1a-Kcnj6)Yey in Dp(16)1Yey/Df(16Dyrk1a-Kcnj6)Yey mice demonstrated the importance of Kcnj6. Our results revealed the high levels of complexities of gene actions and interactions associated with the Setd4/Cbr1-Fam3b/Mx2 region as well as their relationship with developmental cognitive deficits in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Jiang
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Chunhong Liu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA, Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Kai Meng
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhuo Xing
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Pavel V Belichenko
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and
| | - Alexander M Kleschevnikov
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and
| | - Annie Pao
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sarah Wie
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and
| | - Y Eugene Yu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Division of Graduate School,State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Guedj F, Pennings JLA, Ferres MA, Graham LC, Wick HC, Miczek KA, Slonim DK, Bianchi DW. The fetal brain transcriptome and neonatal behavioral phenotype in the Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1993-2008. [PMID: 25975229 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human fetuses with Down syndrome demonstrate abnormal brain growth and reduced neurogenesis. Despite the prenatal onset of the phenotype, most therapeutic trials have been conducted in adults. Here, we present evidence for fetal brain molecular and neonatal behavioral alterations in the Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome. Embryonic day 15.5 brain hemisphere RNA from Ts1Cje embryos (n = 5) and wild type littermates (n = 5) was processed and hybridized to mouse gene 1.0 ST arrays. Bioinformatic analyses were implemented to identify differential gene and pathway regulation during Ts1Cje fetal brain development. In separate experiments, the Fox scale, ultrasonic vocalization and homing tests were used to investigate behavioral deficits in Ts1Cje pups (n = 29) versus WT littermates (n = 64) at postnatal days 3-21. Ts1Cje fetal brains displayed more differentially regulated genes (n = 71) than adult (n = 31) when compared to their age-matched euploid brains. Ts1Cje embryonic brains showed up-regulation of cell cycle markers and down-regulation of the solute-carrier amino acid transporters. Several cellular processes were dysregulated at both stages, including apoptosis, inflammation, Jak/Stat signaling, G-protein signaling, and oxidoreductase activity. In addition, early behavioral deficits in surface righting, cliff aversion, negative geotaxis, forelimb grasp, ultrasonic vocalization, and the homing tests were observed. The Ts1Cje mouse model exhibits abnormal gene expression during fetal brain development, and significant neonatal behavioral deficits in the pre-weaning period. In combination with human studies, this suggests that the Down syndrome phenotype manifests prenatally and provides a rationale for prenatal therapy to improve perinatal brain development and postnatal neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faycal Guedj
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Center for Health Protection (GZB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Millie A Ferres
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah C Graham
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather C Wick
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Klaus A Miczek
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Donna K Slonim
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and the Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
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