1
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Moulding PB, El-Halfawy OM. Chemical-mediated virulence: the effects of host chemicals on microbial virulence and potential new antivirulence strategies. Can J Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38905704 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2024-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The rising antimicrobial resistance rates and declining antimicrobial discovery necessitate alternative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Targeting microbial virulence is an emerging area of interest. Traditionally, virulence factors were largely restricted to bacteria-derived toxins, adhesins, capsules, quorum sensing systems, secretion systems, factors required to sense, respond to, acquire, or synthesize, and utilize trace elements (such as iron and other metals) and micronutrients (such as vitamins), and other factors bacteria use to establish infection, form biofilms, or damage the host tissues and regulatory elements thereof. However, this traditional definition overlooks bacterial virulence that may be induced or influenced by host-produced metabolites or other chemicals that bacteria may encounter at the infection site. This review will discuss virulence from a non-traditional perspective, shedding light on chemical-mediated host-pathogen interactions and outlining currently available mechanistic insight into increased bacterial virulence in response to host factors. This review aims to define a possibly underestimated theme of chemically mediated host-pathogen interactions and encourage future validation and characterization of the contribution of host chemicals to microbial virulence in vivo. From this perspective, we discuss proposed antivirulence compounds and suggest new potential targets for antimicrobials that prevent chemical-mediated virulence. We also explore proposed host-targeting therapeutics reducing the level of host chemicals that induce microbial virulence, serving as virulence attenuators. Understanding the host chemical-mediated virulence may enable new antimicrobial solutions to fight multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peri B Moulding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Omar M El-Halfawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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2
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Microbiota Implications in Endocrine-Related Diseases: From Development to Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2024; 12:221. [PMID: 38255326 PMCID: PMC10813640 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review article delves into the critical role of the human microbiota in the development and management of endocrine-related diseases. We explore the complex interactions between the microbiota and the endocrine system, emphasizing the implications of microbiota dysbiosis for the onset and progression of various endocrine disorders. The review aims to synthesize current knowledge, highlighting recent advancements and the potential of novel therapeutic approaches targeting microbiota-endocrine interactions. Key topics include the impact of microbiota on hormone regulation, its role in endocrine pathologies, and the promising avenues of microbiota modulation through diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. We underscore the importance of this research in advancing personalized medicine, offering insights for more tailored and effective treatments for endocrine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/ Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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3
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Beurel E. Stress in the microbiome-immune crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327409. [PMID: 38488630 PMCID: PMC10950285 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a mutualistic interaction with the host in a fragile ecosystem and the host intestinal, neural, and immune cells. Perturbations of the gastrointestinal track composition after stress have profound consequences on the central nervous system and the immune system. Reciprocally, brain signals after stress affect the gut microbiota highlighting the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Here, we focus on the potential role of inflammation in mediating stress-induced gut-brain changes and discuss the impact of several immune cells and inflammatory molecules of the gut-brain dialogue after stress. Understanding the impact of microbial changes on the immune system after stress might provide new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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4
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Lei Y, Rahman K, Cao X, Yang B, Zhou W, Reheman A, Cai L, Wang Y, Tyagi R, Wang Z, Chen X, Cao G. Epinephrine Stimulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth and Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17370. [PMID: 38139199 PMCID: PMC10743465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human stress hormones catecholamines play a critical role in communication between human microbiota and their hosts and influence the outcomes of bacterial infections. However, it is unclear how M. tuberculosis senses and responds to certain types of human stress hormones. In this study, we screened several human catecholamine stress hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) for their effects on Mycobacterium growth. Our results showed that epinephrine significantly stimulated the growth of M. tuberculosis in the serum-based medium as well as macrophages. In silico analysis and molecular docking suggested that the extra-cytoplasmic domain of the MprB might be the putative adrenergic sensor. Furthermore, we showed that epinephrine significantly enhances M. tuberculosis biofilm formation, which has distinct texture composition, antibiotic resistance, and stress tolerance. Together, our data revealed the effect and mechanism of epinephrine on the growth and biofilm formation of M. tuberculosis, which contributes to the understanding of the environmental perception and antibiotic resistance of M. tuberculosis and provides important clues for the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and the development of novel antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Khaista Rahman
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Bing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Aikebaier Reheman
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Luxia Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Gang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
- Bio-Medical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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5
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Thiroux A, Berjeaud JM, Villéger R, Crépin A. Effect of endocrine disruptors on bacterial virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1292233. [PMID: 38029256 PMCID: PMC10657830 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1292233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades, questions have been raised about the effects of endocrine disruptors (ED) on environment and health. In humans, EDs interferes with hormones that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction and development and therefore can cause developmental, metabolic and reproductive disorders. Because of their ubiquity in the environment, EDs can adversely impact microbial communities and pathogens virulence. At a time when bacterial resistance is inevitably emerging, it is necessary to understand the effects of EDs on the behavior of pathogenic bacteria and to identify the resulting mechanisms. Increasing studies have shown that exposure to environmental EDs can affect bacteria physiology. This review aims to highlight current knowledge of the effect of EDs on the virulence of human bacterial pathogens and discuss the future directions to investigate bacteria/EDs interaction. Given the data presented here, extended studies are required to understand the mechanisms by which EDs could modulate bacterial phenotypes in order to understand the health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Thiroux
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Alexandre Crépin
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Poitiers, France
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6
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Purtov YA, Ozoline ON. Neuromodulators as Interdomain Signaling Molecules Capable of Occupying Effector Binding Sites in Bacterial Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15863. [PMID: 37958845 PMCID: PMC10647483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones and neurotransmitters are important components of inter-kingdom signaling systems that ensure the coexistence of eukaryotes with their microbial community. Their ability to affect bacterial physiology, metabolism, and gene expression was evidenced by various experimental approaches, but direct penetration into bacteria has only recently been reported. This opened the possibility of considering neuromodulators as potential effectors of bacterial ligand-dependent regulatory proteins. Here, we assessed the validity of this assumption for the neurotransmitters epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine and two hormones (melatonin and serotonin). Using flexible molecular docking for transcription factors with ligand-dependent activity, we assessed the ability of neuromodulators to occupy their effector binding sites. For many transcription factors, including the global regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, CRP, and the key regulator of lactose assimilation, LacI, this ability was predicted based on the analysis of several 3D models. By occupying the ligand binding site, neuromodulators can sterically hinder the interaction of the target proteins with the natural effectors or even replace them. The data obtained suggest that the direct modulation of the activity of at least some bacterial transcriptional factors by neuromodulators is possible. Therefore, the natural hormonal background may be a factor that preadapts bacteria to the habitat through direct perception of host signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A. Purtov
- Department of Functional Genomics of Prokaryotes, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Olga N. Ozoline
- Department of Functional Genomics of Prokaryotes, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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7
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Niu L, Gao M, Wen S, Wang F, Shangguan H, Guo Z, Zhang R, Ge J. Effects of Catecholamine Stress Hormones Norepinephrine and Epinephrine on Growth, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expressions of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15646. [PMID: 37958634 PMCID: PMC10649963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a significant contributor to diarrhea. To determine whether ETEC-catecholamine hormone interactions contribute to the development of diarrhea, we tested the effects of catecholamine hormones acting on ETEC in vitro. The results showed that in the presence of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), the growth of 9 out of 10 ETEC isolates was promoted, the MICs of more than 60% of the isolates to 6 antibiotics significantly increased, and the biofilm formation ability of 10 ETEC isolates was also promoted. In addition, NE and Epi also significantly upregulated the expression of the virulence genes feaG, estA, estB, and elt. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of 290 genes was affected by NE. These data demonstrated that catecholamine hormones may augment the diarrhea caused by ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shanshan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Haikun Shangguan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin 150030, China
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8
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Xu T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Lu W, Chen W. Multiomics reveals the mechanism of B. longum in promoting the formation of mixed-species biofilms. Food Funct 2023; 14:8276-8290. [PMID: 37602484 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01751f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been found previously that Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides ovatus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus gasseri can form a biofilm better when co-cultured in vitro and B. longum is the core biofilm-formation-promoting strain in this community. B. longum is part of the core microbiota in the gut and is widely recognized as a probiotic. Therefore, it is necessary to explore its role in mixed-species biofilms through transcriptomics and metabolomics. Metabolomics showed that the increase in amino acid and purine content could promote biofilm formation. In transcriptomic analysis, many genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and environmental tolerance of B. longum were up-regulated. Combined with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of B. longum in mixed-species biofilms were mainly correlated to "quorum sensing (QS)", "ABC transporters", "biosynthesis of amino acids", "microbial metabolism in different environments", "carbohydrate metabolism" and "two-component system". In addition, the rpl and rps gene families, which function in the metabolism of organic substances and the biosynthesis of amino acids, were the core DEGs according to the analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, by combining metabolomics and quorum sensing mechanisms, it was found that the metabolism of autoinducer peptides (proliylglycine and glycylleucine), N-acyl homoserine lactone (N-(3-oxo hydroxy) homoserine lactone), and AI-2 can promote the formation of biofilms, both mono- and mixed-species biofilms composed of B. longum. Our research enabled us to understand the critical role of B. longum in mixed-species biofilms and the interactions between biofilm metabolism and gut health. In addition, the generated knowledge will be of great significance for us to develop biofilm products with beneficial functions in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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Zhang C, Liu H, Sun L, Wang Y, Chen X, Du J, Sjöling Å, Yao J, Wu S. An overview of host-derived molecules that interact with gut microbiota. IMETA 2023; 2:e88. [PMID: 38868433 PMCID: PMC10989792 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota comprises bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses that live together and interact with each other and with host cells. A stable gut microbiota is vital for regulating host metabolism and maintaining body health, while a disturbed microbiota may induce different kinds of disease. In addition, diet is also considered to be the main factor that influences the gut microbiota. The host could shape the gut microbiota through other factors. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms that mediate host regulation on gut microbiota, involved in gut-derived molecules, including gut-derived immune system molecules (secretory immunoglobulin A, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, cluster of differentiation 4+ effector T cell, and innate lymphoid cells), sources related to gut-derived mucosal molecules (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, oxygen sources, and electron respiratory acceptors), gut-derived exosomal noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) (microRNAs, circular RNA, and long ncRNA), and molecules derived from organs other than the gut (estrogen, androgen, neurohormones, bile acid, and lactic acid). This study provides a systemic overview for understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and host, a comprehensive source for potential ways to manipulate gut microbiota, and a solid foundation for future personalized treatment that utilizes gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Huifeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lei Sun
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Juan Du
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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10
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Luqman A. The orchestra of human bacteriome by hormones. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106125. [PMID: 37119938 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Human microbiome interact reciprocally with the host. Recent findings showed the capability of microorganisms to response towards host signaling molecules, such as hormones. Studies confirmed the complex response of bacteria in response to hormones exposure. These hormones impact many aspects on bacteria, such as the growth, metabolism, and virulence. The effects of each hormone seem to be species-specific. The most studied hormones are cathecolamines also known as stress hormones that consists of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. These hormones affect the growth of bacteria either inhibit or enhance by acting like a siderophore. Epinephrine and norepinephrine have also been reported to activate QseBC, a quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria and eventually enhances the virulence of pathogens. Other hormones were also reported to play a role in shaping human microbiome composition and affect their behavior. Considering the complex response of bacteria on hormones, it highlights the necessity to take the impact of hormones on bacteria into account in studying human health in relation to human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Luqman
- Biology Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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11
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Lallement C, Goldring WPD, Jelsbak L. Global transcriptomic response of the AI-3 isomers 3,5-DPO and 3,6-DPO in Salmonella Typhimurium. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:117. [PMID: 36929450 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial intercellular signaling mediated by small molecules, also called autoinducers (AIs), enables synchronized behavior in response to environmental conditions, and in many bacterial pathogens, intercellular signaling controls virulence gene expression. However, in the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), although three signals, named AI-1, AI-2 and AI-3, have been described, their roles in virulence remain elusive. AI-3 is the 3,6- isomer of a previously described Vibrio cholerae signaling molecule; 3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-ol (3,5-DPO). To elucidate the role of AI-3/DPO in S. Typhimurium, we have mapped the global transcriptomic responses to 3,5- and 3,6-DPO isomers in S. Typhimurium. Our studies showed that DPO affects expression of almost 8% of all genes. Specifically, expression of several genes involved in gut-colonization respond to DPO. Interestingly, most of the affected genes are similarly regulated by 3,5-DPO and 3,6-DPO, respectively, indicating that the two isomers have overlapping roles in S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lallement
- Department of Sciences and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Jelsbak
- Department of Sciences and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
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12
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Miri S, Yeo J, Abubaker S, Hammami R. Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1098412. [PMID: 36733917 PMCID: PMC9886687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host's absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - JuDong Yeo
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Abubaker
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Zhang X, Liu B, Ding X, Bin P, Yang Y, Zhu G. Regulatory Mechanisms between Quorum Sensing and Virulence in Salmonella. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2211. [PMID: 36363803 PMCID: PMC9693372 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen that causes enterogastritis among humans, livestock and poultry, and it not only causes huge economic losses for the feed industry but also endangers public health around the world. However, the prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection has remained poorly developed because of its antibiotic resistance. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system is an intercellular cell-cell communication mechanism involving multiple cellular processes, especially bacterial virulence, such as biofilm formation, motility, adherence, and invasion. Therefore, blocking the QS system may be a new strategy for Salmonella infection independent of antibiotic treatment. Here, we have reviewed the central role of the QS system in virulence regulation of Salmonella and summarized the most recent advances about quorum quenching (QQ) in virulence attenuation during Salmonella infection. Unraveling the complex relationship between QS and bacterial virulence may provide new insight into the therapy of pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baobao Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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14
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Seufert AL, Hickman JW, Traxler SK, Peterson RM, Waugh TA, Lashley SJ, Shulzhenko N, Napier RJ, Napier BA. Enriched dietary saturated fatty acids induce trained immunity via ceramide production that enhances severity of endotoxemia and clearance of infection. eLife 2022; 11:e76744. [PMID: 36264059 PMCID: PMC9642993 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is an innate immune memory response that is induced by a primary inflammatory stimulus that sensitizes monocytes and macrophages to a secondary pathogenic challenge, reprogramming the host response to infection and inflammatory disease. Dietary fatty acids can act as inflammatory stimuli, but it is unknown if they can act as the primary stimuli to induce trained immunity. Here we find mice fed a diet enriched exclusively in saturated fatty acids (ketogenic diet; KD) confer a hyper-inflammatory response to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increased mortality, independent of diet-induced microbiome and hyperglycemia. We find KD alters the composition of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and enhances the response of bone marrow macrophages, monocytes, and splenocytes to secondary LPS challenge. Lipidomics identified enhanced free palmitic acid (PA) and PA-associated lipids in KD-fed mice serum. We found pre-treatment with physiologically relevant concentrations of PA induces a hyper-inflammatory response to LPS in macrophages, and this was dependent on the synthesis of ceramide. In vivo, we found systemic PA confers enhanced inflammation and mortality in response to systemic LPS, and this phenotype was not reversible for up to 7 days post-PA-exposure. Conversely, we find PA exposure enhanced clearance of Candida albicans in Rag1-/- mice. Lastly, we show that oleic acid, which depletes intracellular ceramide, reverses PA-induced hyper-inflammation in macrophages and enhanced mortality in response to LPS. These implicate enriched dietary SFAs, and specifically PA, in the induction of long-lived innate immune memory and highlight the plasticity of this innate immune reprogramming by dietary constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Seufert
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - James W Hickman
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Ste K Traxler
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Rachael M Peterson
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Trent A Waugh
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | | | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Ruth J Napier
- VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Brooke A Napier
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
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15
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Lee MD, Ipharraguerre IR, Arsenault RJ, Lyte M, Lyte JM, Humphrey B, Angel R, Korver DR. Informal nutrition symposium: leveraging the microbiome (and the metabolome) for poultry production. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101588. [PMID: 34933222 PMCID: PMC8703059 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of gut microbiology of poultry has advanced from a limited ability to culture relatively few microbial species, to attempting to understand the complex interactions between the bird and its microbiome. The Informal Nutrition Symposium 2021 was intended to help poultry scientists to make sense of the implications of the vast amounts of information being generated by researchers. This paper represents a compilation of the talks given at the symposium by leading international researchers in this field. The symposium began with an overview of the historical developments in the field of intestinal microbiology and microbiome research in poultry. Next, the systemic effects of the microbiome on health in the context of the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system were presented. Because the microbiome and the host communicate and influence each other, the novel field of kinomics (the study of protein phosphorylation) as used in the study of the poultry microbiome was discussed. Protein phosphorylation is a rapid response to the complex of signals among the microbiome, intestinal lumen metabolites, and the host. Then, a description of why an understanding of the role of microbial endocrinology in poultry production can lead to new understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and the host can interact in defined mechanisms that ultimately determine health, pathogenesis of infectious disease, and behavior was given. Finally, a view forward was presented underscoring the importance of understanding mechanisms in microbiomes in other organ systems and other species. Additionally, the importance of the development of new -omics platforms and data management tools to more completely understand host microbiomes was stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie D Lee
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA 19716
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joshua M Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Roselina Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Douglas R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
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16
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Boukerb AM, Cambronel M, Rodrigues S, Mesguida O, Knowlton R, Feuilloley MGJ, Zommiti M, Connil N. Inter-Kingdom Signaling of Stress Hormones: Sensing, Transport and Modulation of Bacterial Physiology. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690942. [PMID: 34690943 PMCID: PMC8526972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have coexisted for millions of years. The hormonal communication between microorganisms and their hosts, dubbed inter-kingdom signaling, is a recent field of research. Eukaryotic signals such as hormones, neurotransmitters or immune system molecules have been shown to modulate bacterial physiology. Among them, catecholamines hormones epinephrine/norepinephrine, released during stress and physical effort, or used therapeutically as inotropes have been described to affect bacterial behaviors (i.e., motility, biofilm formation, virulence) of various Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio sp.). More recently, these molecules were also shown to influence the physiology of some Gram-positive bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis. In E. coli and S. enterica, the stress-associated mammalian hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine trigger a signaling cascade by interacting with the QseC histidine sensor kinase protein. No catecholamine sensors have been well described yet in other bacteria. This review aims to provide an up to date report on catecholamine sensors in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, their transport, and known effects on bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mohamed Boukerb
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Melyssa Cambronel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, Université de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient, France
| | - Ouiza Mesguida
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Rikki Knowlton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Mohamed Zommiti
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
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17
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Motta JP, Wallace JL, Buret AG, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:314-334. [PMID: 33510461 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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18
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Serpunja S, Kim I. Supplementation of a low-energy diet with recombinant ferritin fromPerinereissp. can be beneficial to finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 90 finishing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 50.02 ± 1.78 kg were used in a 10 wk experiment. The pigs were distributed into three dietary treatments replicated six times with five pigs (two barrows and three gilts) per pen. The treatment diets were a positive control (PC; high-energy diet), a negative control (NC; low-energy diet), and an NC + 0.05% ferritin diet (TRT1). The supplementation of ferritin in a low-energy diet tended (P = 0.06) to increase the BW at week 5 compared with pigs fed low-energy diets without ferritin. At week 5 and overall period, the gain-to-feed ratio of pigs fed high-energy diets was higher (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed low-energy diets. The pigs receiving a ferritin-supplemented diet had a comparable growth performance to pigs fed high-energy diets. At week 10, fecal Lactobacilli counts of pigs fed high-energy diets were higher (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed low-energy diets. The supplementation of low-energy diets with ferritin resulted in comparable growth performance to pigs fed high-energy diets and had no adverse effect on digestibility and fecal gas emissions. Thus, it seems beneficial to include ferritin in low-energy diets of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Serpunja
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungam 31116, South Korea
| | - I.H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungam 31116, South Korea
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19
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Unexpected Cell Wall Alteration-Mediated Bactericidal Activity of the Antifungal Caspofungin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01261-20. [PMID: 32778553 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01261-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium has become a major opportunistic pathogen with the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). As part of the gut microbiota, they have to cope with numerous stresses, including effects of antibiotics and other xenobiotics, especially in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) who receive many medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the most frequently prescribed xenobiotics for ICU patients on fitness, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance of the vanB-positive E. faecium Aus0004 reference strain. Several phenotypic analyses were carried out, and we observed that caspofungin, an antifungal agent belonging to the family of echinocandins, had an important effect on E. faecium growth in vitro We confirmed this effect by electron microscopy and peptidoglycan analysis and showed that, even at a subinhibitory concentration (1/4× MIC, 8 mg/liter), caspofungin had an impact on cell wall organization, especially with respect to the abundance of some muropeptide precursors. By transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), it was also shown that around 20% of the transcriptome was altered in the presence of caspofungin, with 321 and 259 significantly upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Since the fungal target of caspofungin (i.e., β-1,3-glucan synthase) was absent in bacteria, the mechanistic pathway of caspofungin activity was investigated. The repression of genes involved in the metabolism of pyruvate seemed to have a drastic impact on bacterial cell viability, while a decrease of glycerol metabolism could explain the conformational modifications of peptidoglycan. This is the first report of caspofungin antibacterial activity against E. faecium, highlighting the potential impact of nonantibiotic xenobiotics against bacterial pathogens.
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20
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Cambronel M, Nilly F, Mesguida O, Boukerb AM, Racine PJ, Baccouri O, Borrel V, Martel J, Fécamp F, Knowlton R, Zimmermann K, Domann E, Rodrigues S, Feuilloley M, Connil N. Influence of Catecholamines (Epinephrine/Norepinephrine) on Biofilm Formation and Adhesion in Pathogenic and Probiotic Strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1501. [PMID: 32849320 PMCID: PMC7396564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis has controversial status due to its emerging role in nosocomial infections, while some strains with beneficial effects are used as probiotics and starter cultures in dairy industry. These bacteria can be found as resident or transient germs in the gut or on skin, where they are continually exposed to various eukaryotic molecules. In this context, the aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of the catecholamine stress hormones, epinephrine (Epi), and norepinephrine (NE) on some Enterococcus strains. Four E. faecalis strains were included in this study: E. faecalis MMH594 and E. faecalis V583, pathogenic strains of clinical origin, E. faecalis Symbioflor 1 clone DSM 16431, a pharmaceutical probiotic, and E. faecalis OB15, a probiotic strain previously isolated from Tunisian rigouta (Baccouri et al., 2019). Epi was found to modulate the formation of biofilm (biovolume and thickness) in E. faecalis, whether pathogens or probiotics. NE had less effect on biofilm formation of these bacteria. We also investigated the effect of Epi and NE on adhesion of E. faecalis to eukaryotic cells as it is the first step of colonization of the host. Epi was found to significantly enhance the adhesion of MMH594 and OB15 to Caco-2/TC7 intestinal cells and HaCaT keratinocyte cells, whereas NE significantly increased the adhesion of V583 and Symbioflor 1 DSM 16431 to Caco-2/TC7 cells, the adhesion of MMH594, Symbioflor 1 DSM 16431, and OB15 to HaCaT cells. Analysis of a putative adrenergic sensor of Epi/NE in E. faecalis, compared to QseC, the Escherichia coli adrenergic receptor, allowed the identification of VicK as the nearest protein to QseC with 29% identity and 46% similarity values. Structure modeling and molecular docking of VicK corroborated the hypothesis of possible interactions of this putative adrenergic sensor with Epi and NE, with binding energies of -4.08 and -4.49 kcal/mol, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that stress hormones could increase biofilm formation and adhesion to eukaryotic cells in E. faecalis. Future experiments will aim to confirm by in vivo studies the role of VicK as adrenergic sensor in E. faecalis probiotic and pathogen strains. This may help to develop new strategies of antagonism/competition in the gut or skin ecological niches, and to prevent the colonization by opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélyssa Cambronel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Flore Nilly
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Ouiza Mesguida
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Amine Mohamed Boukerb
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Racine
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Olfa Baccouri
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Valérie Borrel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Jérome Martel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Florian Fécamp
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Rikki Knowlton
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | | | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Évreux, France
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21
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Hu S, Yu Y, Lv Z, Shen J, Ke Y, Xiao X. Proteomics study unveils ROS balance in acid-adapted Salmonella Enteritidis. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103585. [PMID: 32950169 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and is thus a persistent threat to global public health. The acid adaptation response helps Salmonella survive exposure to gastric environment during ingestion. In a previous study we highlighted the damage caused to cell membrane and the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. Enteritidis. In this study, we applied both physiologic and iTRAQ analyses to explore the regulatory mechanism of acid resistance in Salmonella. It was found that after S. Enteritidis was subject to a 1 h period of acid adaptation at pH 5.5, an additional 1 h period of acid shock stress at pH 3.0 caused less Salmonella cell death than in non-acid adapted Salmonella cells. Although there were no significant differences between adapted and non-adapted cells in terms of cell membrane damage (e.g., membrane permeability or lipid peroxidation) after 30 min, intracellular ROS level in acid adapted cells was dramatically reduced compared to that in non-acid adapted cells, indicating that acid adaption promoted less ROS generation or increased the ability of ROS scavenging with little reduction in the integrity of the cell membrane. These findings were confirmed via an iTRAQ analysis. The adapted cells were shown to trigger incorporation of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into the cellular membrane, resulting in a different membrane lipid profile and promoting survival rate under acid stress. S. Enteritidis experiences oxidative damage and iron deficiency under acid stress, but after acid adaption S. Enteritidis cells were able to balance their concentrations of intracellular ROS. Specifically, SodAB consumed the free protons responsible for forming reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and KatE protected cells from the toxic effects of ROIs. Additionally, acid-labile proteins released free unbound iron promoting ferroptotic metabolism, and NADH reduced GSSH to G-SH, protecting cells from acid/oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10083, PR China
| | - Yigang Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, PR China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10083, PR China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China.
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, PR China.
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22
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Redweik GAJ, Daniels K, Severin AJ, Lyte M, Mellata M. Oral Treatments With Probiotics and Live Salmonella Vaccine Induce Unique Changes in Gut Neurochemicals and Microbiome in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3064. [PMID: 32010110 PMCID: PMC6974472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between the gut microbiota and neurochemicals affects health and well-being of animals. However, little is known about this interaction in chickens despite their importance in food production. Probiotics and live Salmonella vaccines are microbial products commonly given orally to layer pullets to improve health and ensure food safety. This study's objective was to determine how these oral treatments, individually or in combination, would impact the gut environment of chickens. White Leghorn chicks were either non-treated (CON) or orally given probiotics (PRO), a recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV; VAX), or both (P+V). Birds were fed with probiotics daily beginning at 1-day-old and orally immunized with RASV at 4-days-old and boosted 2 weeks post-primary vaccination. At 5 weeks, ceca content, ceca tissues, and small intestinal scrapings (SISs) were collected from ten birds/group post-euthanasia for analyses. Catecholamine, but not serotonergic, metabolism was affected by treatments. Dopamine metabolism, indicated by L-DOPA and DOPAC levels, were increased in P+V birds versus CON and PRO birds. Based on 16S sequencing, beta diversity was more similar among vaccinated birds versus birds given probiotics, suggesting live Salmonella vaccination has a major selective pressure on microbial diversity. Abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila and Enterobacteriaceae positively correlated with levels of tyrosine and norepinephrine, respectively. Both enumeration and 16S sequencing, determined that PRO exhibited the greatest levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the ceca and feces, which was associated with greater IgA production against E. coli virulence factors as tested by ELISA. In summary, we demonstrate that using probiotics alone versus in combination with a live vaccine has major implications in catecholamine production and the microbiota of layer pullets. Additionally, unique correlations between changes in some neurochemicals and specific bacteria have been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. J. Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karrie Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Severin
- Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mark Lyte
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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23
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Inbaraj S, Sejian V, Ramasamy S. Role of environmental stressor-host immune system–pathogen interactions in development of infectious disease in farm animals. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1695084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of microbiology and immunology, Post-doctoral research fellow, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Gümüş D, Kalaycı Yüksek F, Sefer Ö, Yörük E, Uz G, Anğ Küçüker M. The roles of hormones in the modulation of growth and virulence genes' expressions in UPEC strains. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:319-324. [PMID: 31082530 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host factors such as hormones are known to modulate growth, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria. In the present study, the effect of norepinephrine (NE) and estradiol (Est) on growth and expression levels of virulence genes (usp, sfa/foc, cnf1, aer) of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains C7 and C149 were investigated. METHODS E. coli C7 and C149 were grown in serum based SAPI broth with and without three different concentrations of norepinephrine and estradiol. Growths were determined via optical density measurement in a spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene expression levels. Statistical analyses were performed by one way Anova Tukey's post hoc-test. RESULTS According to our results it has been shown that, growths of bacteria could be affected in the presence of hormones which are variable according to incubation period and hormones' concentrations. Up regulation of usp, sfa/foc, cnf1 were shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the presence of low, medium levels NE and all concentrations of Est. The expression of aer was down regulated significantly in the presence of low (p < 0.001) and medium level of Est; but all levels of NE was shown to be increased the expression of aer significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study has shown once more that host factors (norepinephrine and estradiol) could influence the growth of a bacterium as well as gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Gümüş
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Kalaycı Yüksek
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sefer
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Yörük
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Uz
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Anğ Küçüker
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey
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25
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Hiller CC, Lucca V, Carvalho D, Borsoi A, Borges KA, Furian TQ, do Nascimento VP. Influence of catecholamines on biofilm formation by Salmonella Enteritidis. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Rhen M. Salmonella and Reactive Oxygen Species: A Love-Hate Relationship. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:216-226. [PMID: 30943492 DOI: 10.1159/000496370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica represents an enterobacterial species including numerous serovars that cause infections at, or initiated at, the intestinal epithelium. Many serovars also act as facultative intracellular pathogens with a tropism for phagocytic cells. These bacteria not only survive in phagocytes but also undergo de facto replication therein. Phagocytes, through the activities of phagocyte NADPH-dependent oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, are very proficient in converting molecular oxygen to reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). These compounds represent highly efficient effectors of the innate immune defense. Salmonella is by no means resistant to these effectors, which may stand in contrast to the host niches chosen. To cope with this paradox, these bacteria rely on an array of detoxification and repair systems. Combination these systems allows for a high enough tolerance to ROS and RNS to enable establishment of infection. In addition, salmonella possesses protein factors that have the potential to dampen the infection-associated inflammation, which evidently results in a reduced exposure to ROS and RNS. This review attempts to summarize the activities and strategies by which salmonella tries to cope with ROS and RNS and how the bacterium can make use of these innate defense factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Rhen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, .,Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, .,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,
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27
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Torabi Delshad S, Soltanian S, Sharifiyazdi H, Bossier P. Effect of catecholamine stress hormones (dopamine and norepinephrine) on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and virulence factors of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and an in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:477-487. [PMID: 30694560 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the impact of the catecholamines on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and some virulence factors activities of pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri. Norepinephrine and dopamine (at 100 µM) significantly increased the growth of Y. ruckeri in culture media containing serum. An increase in swimming motility of the pathogen was found following the exposure to the hormones; however, no effect was seen on caseinase, phospholipase and haemolysin productions. Further, antagonists for the catecholamine receptors were observed to block some of the influences of the catecholamines. Indeed, the effects of catecholamines were inhibited by chlorpromazine (the dopaminergic receptor antagonist) for dopamine, labetalol (α-and β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and phenoxybenzamine (the α-adrenergic receptor antagonist) for norepinephrine, but propranolol (the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) showed no effect. Pretreatment of Y. ruckeri with the catecholamines resulted in a significant enhancement of its virulence towards rainbow trout and the antagonists could neutralize the effect of the stress hormones in vivo. In summary, our results show that the catecholamines increase the virulence of Y. ruckeri which is pathogenic to trout through increasing the motility, biofilm formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Torabi Delshad
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Siyavash Soltanian
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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28
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Gond DP, Singh S, Agrawal NK. Norepinephrine augmented in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its suppression by silodosin (alpha blocker). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:85-89. [PMID: 29934070 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Norepinephrine is secreted under conditions of stress in humans. The ability of bacteria to sense mammalian hormone may have a role in propagation of infection. The present study investigated the effect of norepinephrine on in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and the effect of silodosin on norepinephrine-induced changes. The spot urine samples were collected from 56 individuals (14 diabetic patients with UTI, 14 diabetic without UTI, 14 non-diabetic UTI and 14 healthy volunteer controls) for the measurement of urinary norepinephrine concentrations. The concentration of norepinephrine, as found in urine of human subjects, was reproduced in artificial urine medium to study the growth of UPEC. The norepinephrine concentration showing maximum growth response was selected to study the effect of silodosin on the growth inhibition of UPEC. Result showed significantly elevated urinary norepinephrine in diabetic patients with and without UTI and also in nondiabetic UTI groups. The norepinephrine concentration equivalent to that in diabetic UTI patients enhanced the growth of UPEC. Furthermore, silodosin (0.32 μM) inhibited the growth of the UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Prasad Gond
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
| | - Shivendra Singh
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
| | - N K Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India.
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29
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Hu S, Yu Y, Zhou D, Li R, Xiao X, Wu H. Global transcriptomic Acid Tolerance Response in Salmonella Enteritidis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Lerner A, Matthias T, Aminov R. Potential Effects of Horizontal Gene Exchange in the Human Gut. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1630. [PMID: 29230215 PMCID: PMC5711824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many essential functions of the human body are dependent on the symbiotic microbiota, which is present at especially high numbers and diversity in the gut. This intricate host-microbe relationship is a result of the long-term coevolution between the two. While the inheritance of mutational changes in the host evolution is almost exclusively vertical, the main mechanism of bacterial evolution is horizontal gene exchange. The gut conditions, with stable temperature, continuous food supply, constant physicochemical conditions, extremely high concentration of microbial cells and phages, and plenty of opportunities for conjugation on the surfaces of food particles and host tissues, represent one of the most favorable ecological niches for horizontal gene exchange. Thus, the gut microbial system genetically is very dynamic and capable of rapid response, at the genetic level, to selection, for example, by antibiotics. There are many other factors to which the microbiota may dynamically respond including lifestyle, therapy, diet, refined food, food additives, consumption of pre- and probiotics, and many others. The impact of the changing selective pressures on gut microbiota, however, is poorly understood. Presumably, the gut microbiome responds to these changes by genetic restructuring of gut populations, driven mainly via horizontal gene exchange. Thus, our main goal is to reveal the role played by horizontal gene exchange in the changing landscape of the gastrointestinal microbiome and potential effect of these changes on human health in general and autoimmune diseases in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | | | - Rustam Aminov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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31
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Tiwari V, Patel V, Tiwari M. In-silico screening and experimental validation reveal L-Adrenaline as anti-biofilm molecule against biofilm-associated protein (Bap) producing Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1242-1252. [PMID: 28964839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, an ESKAPE pathogen, causes various nosocomial infections and has capacity to produce biofilm. Biofilm produced by this bacterium is highly tolerant to environmental factors and different antibiotics. Biofilm-associated protein (Bap) plays a significant role in the biofilm formation by A. baumannii and found in the extra cellular matrix of the biofilm. Therefore, it becomes essential to find a potential drug against Bap that has capacity to inhibit biofilm formation by A. baumannii. In-silico screening, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics studies identified ZINC00039089 (L-Adrenaline) as an inhibitor for Bap of A. baumannii. Recently, it is reported that Bap can form amyloid like structure; hence we have created dimer of Bap protein. This inhibitor can bind to dimeric Bap with good affinity. It confirms that ZINC00039089 (L-Adrenaline) can bind with Bap monomer as well as oligomeric Bap, responsible for amyloid formation and biofilm formation. Hence, we have tested Adrenaline as an anti-biofilm molecule and determined its IC50 value against biofilm. The result showed Adrenaline has anti-biofilm activity with IC50 value of 75μg/ml. Therefore; our finding suggests that L-Adrenaline can be developed to inhibit biofilm formation by carbapenem resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India.
| | - Varsha Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
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32
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Jia K, Wang G, Liang L, Wang M, Wang H, Xu X. Preliminary Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Biofilm and Planktonic Cells of Salmonella Enteritidis Exposure to Acid Stress. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1861. [PMID: 29018430 PMCID: PMC5622974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella has emerged as a well-recognized food-borne pathogen, with many strains able to form biofilms and thus cause cross-contamination in food processing environments where acid-based disinfectants are widely encountered. In the present study, RNA sequencing was employed to establish complete transcriptome profiles of Salmonella Enteritidis in the forms of planktonic and biofilm-associated cells cultured in Tryptic Soytone Broth (TSB) and acidic TSB (aTSB). The gene expression patterns of S. Enteritidis significantly differed between biofilm-associated and planktonic cells cultivated under the same conditions. The assembled transcriptome of S. Enteritidis in this study contained 5,442 assembled transcripts, including 3,877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in biofilm and planktonic cells. These DEGs were enriched in terms such as regulation of biological process, metabolic process, macromolecular complex, binding and transferase activity, which may play crucial roles in the biofilm formation of S. Enteritidis cultivated in aTSB. Three significant pathways were observed to be enriched under acidic conditions: bacterial chemotaxis, porphyrin-chlorophyll metabolism and sulfur metabolism. In addition, 15 differentially expressed novel non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) were identified, and only one was found to be up-regulated in mature biofilms. This preliminary study of the S. Enteritidis transcriptome serves as a basis for future investigations examining the complex network systems that regulate Salmonella biofilm in acidic environments, which provide information on biofilm formation and acid stress interaction that may facilitate the development of novel disinfection procedures in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jia
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijiao Liang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huhu Wang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Microbial endocrinology represents the intersection of two seemingly disparate fields, microbiology and neurobiology, and is based on the shared presence of neurochemicals that are exactly the same in host as well as in the microorganism. The ability of microorganisms to not only respond to, but also produce, many of the same neurochemicals that are produced by the host, such as during periods of stress, has led to the introduction of this evolutionary-based mechanism which has a role in the pathogenesis of infectious disease. The consideration of microbial endocrinology-based mechanisms has demonstrated, for example, that the prevalent use of catecholamine-based synthetic drugs in the clinical setting contributes to the formation of biofilms in indwelling medical devices. Production of neurochemicals by microorganisms most often employs the same biosynthetic pathways as those utilized by the host, indicating that acquisition of host neurochemical-based signaling system in the host may have been acquired due to lateral gene transfer from microorganisms. That both host and microorganism produce and respond to the very same neurochemicals means that there is bidirectionality contained with the theoretical underpinnings of microbial endocrinology. This can be seen in the role of microbial endocrinology in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its relevance to infectious disease. Such shared pathways argue for a role of microorganism-neurochemical interactions in infectious disease.
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34
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Verbeke F, De Craemer S, Debunne N, Janssens Y, Wynendaele E, Van de Wiele C, De Spiegeleer B. Peptides as Quorum Sensing Molecules: Measurement Techniques and Obtained Levels In vitro and In vivo. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:183. [PMID: 28446863 PMCID: PMC5388746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of certain bacterial genes is regulated in a cell-density dependent way, a phenomenon called quorum sensing. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria use this type of communication, though the signal molecules (auto-inducers) used by them differ between both groups: Gram-negative bacteria use predominantly N-acyl homoserine lacton (AHL) molecules (autoinducer-1, AI-1) while Gram-positive bacteria use mainly peptides (autoinducer peptides, AIP or quorum sensing peptides). These quorum sensing molecules are not only involved in the inter-microbial communication, but can also possibly cross-talk directly or indirectly with their host. This review summarizes the currently applied analytical approaches for quorum sensing identification and quantification with additionally summarizing the experimentally found in vivo concentrations of these molecules in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Severine De Craemer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van de Wiele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ GroeningeKortrijk, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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35
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Stress hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) effects on the anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe 2017; 44:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Modulation of the Interaction of Enteric Bacteria with Intestinal Mucosa by Stress-Related Catecholamines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 874:143-66. [PMID: 26589217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress associated with parturition, transport or mixing has long been correlated with enhanced faecal excretion of diarrhoeal zoonotic pathogens in animals such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. It may also predispose humans to infection and/or be associated with more severe outcomes. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is the ability of enteric bacterial pathogens to sense and respond to host stress-related catecholamines. This article reviews evidence of the ability of catecholamine hormones to modulate interactions between Gram-negative diarrhoeal pathogens and intestinal mucosa, as well as the molecular mechanisms that may be at work.
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37
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Bearson BL. Molecular Profiling: Catecholamine Modulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 874:167-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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38
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Vicuña E, Kuttappan V, Galarza-Seeber R, Latorre J, Faulkner O, Hargis B, Tellez G, Bielke L. Effect of dexamethasone in feed on intestinal permeability, differential white blood cell counts, and immune organs in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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39
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Jia JJ, Zeng XS, Zhou XS, Li Y, Bai J. The induction of thioredoxin-1 by epinephrine withdraws stress via interaction with β-arrestin-1. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3121-31. [PMID: 25486571 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress regulates a panel of important physiological functions and disease states. Epinephrine is produced under stresses threaten to homeostasis. Thioredoxin-1(Trx-1) is a redox regulating protein which is induced to resist stresses and related with various diseases. Thus, it is important to examine whether Trx-1 is induced by epinephrine and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms that Trx-1 modulates epinephrine stress. Here, we show that the expression of Trx-1 was induced by epinephrine via β-adrenergic receptor/Cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in PC12 cells. The down-regulation of Trx-1 by siRNA aggravated accumulation of γ-H2AX and further decreased expression of p53 by epinephrine. Accordingly, Trx-1 overexpression alleviated accumulation of γ-H2AX and restored the expressions of p53 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in the cortex, hippocampus and thymus of mice. Moreover, Trx-1 overexpression reduced the malondialdehyde concentration by epinephrine. We further explored the mechanism on p53 and γ-H2AX regulated by Trx-1. We found that overexpression of Trx-1 suppressed β-arrestin-1 expression through interaction with β-arrestin-1. Consequently, the downregulation of β-arrestin-1 suppressed the cell viability and the expressions of γ-H2AX and cyclin D1, and increased p53 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that Trx-1/β-arrestin-1 interaction may represent a novel endogenous mechanism on protecting against stress.
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Key Words
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- Abbreviations:
- CHOP
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- DNA damage
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptors
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MDM2, Murine double minute 2
- PKA, Protein Kinase A
- TBP-2, Thioredoxin binding protein-2
- Thioredoxin-1
- Trx-1, Thioredoxin-1
- Txnip, thioredoxin interacting protein
- chronic epinephrine stress
- p53
- β-arrestin-1
- γ-H2AX, Phosphorylation of histone H2AX
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Jia
- a College of Life Science and Technology ; Kunming University of Science and Technology ; Kunming , China
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Xu F, Wu C, Guo F, Cui G, Zeng X, Yang B, Lin J. Transcriptomic analysis of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:452. [PMID: 26042101 PMCID: PMC4435418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon colonization in the host gastrointestinal tract, the enteric bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is exposed to a variety of signaling molecules including the catecholamine hormones epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE). NE has been observed to stimulate the growth and potentially enhance the pathogenicity of C. jejuni. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, both Epi and NE were also observed to promote C. jejuni growth in MEMα-based iron-restricted medium. Adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells by C. jejuni were also enhanced upon exposure to Epi or NE. To further examine the effect of Epi or NE on the pathobiology of C. jejuni, transcriptomic profiles were conducted for C. jejuni NCTC 11168 that was cultured in iron-restricted medium supplemented with Epi or NE. Compared to the genes expressed in the absence of the catecholamine hormones, 183 and 156 genes were differentially expressed in C. jejuni NCTC 11168 that was grown in the presence of Epi and NE, respectively. Of these differentially expressed genes, 102 genes were common for both Epi and NE treatments. The genes differentially expressed by Epi or NE are involved in diverse cellular functions including iron uptake, motility, virulence, oxidative stress response, nitrosative stress tolerance, enzyme metabolism, DNA repair and metabolism and ribosomal protein biosynthesis. The transcriptome analysis indicated that Epi and NE have similar effects on the gene expression of C. jejuni, and provided insights into the delicate interaction between C. jejuni and intestinal stress hormones in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Cun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Guolin Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
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Harrison CF, Kicka S, Kranjc A, Finsel I, Chiriano G, Ouertatani-Sakouhi H, Soldati T, Scapozza L, Hilbi H. Adrenergic antagonists restrict replication of Legionella. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:1392-406. [PMID: 25873585 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium, which upon inhalation can cause a potentially fatal pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. The opportunistic pathogen grows in environmental amoebae and mammalian macrophages within a unique membrane-bound compartment, the 'Legionella-containing vacuole'. Bacteria are exposed to many environmental cues including small signalling molecules from eukaryotic cells. A number of pathogenic bacteria sense and respond to catecholamine hormones, such as adrenalin and noradrenalin, a process mediated via the QseBC two-component system in some bacteria. In this study, we examined the effect of adrenergic compounds on L. pneumophila, and discovered that the adrenergic receptor antagonists benoxathian, naftopidil, propranolol and labetalol, as well as the QseC sensor kinase inhibitor LED209, reduced the growth of L. pneumophila in broth or amoebae, while replication in macrophages was enhanced. Growth restriction was common to members of the genus Legionella and Mycobacterium, and was observed for L. pneumophila in the replicative but not stationary phase of the biphasic life cycle. Deletion of the L. pneumophila qseBC genes indicated that growth inhibition by adrenergics or LED209 is mediated only to a minor extent by this two-component system, implying the presence of other adrenergic sensing systems. This study identifies adrenergic molecules as novel inhibitors of extra- and intracellular growth of Legionella and reveals LED209 as a potential lead compound to combat infections with Legionella or Mycobacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Harrison
- 1Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Kicka
- 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Agata Kranjc
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Finsel
- 1Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gianpaolo Chiriano
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thierry Soldati
- 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- 1Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany 5Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Li L, Chen Z, Bei W, Su Z, Huang Q, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhou R. Catecholamines promote Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae growth by regulating iron metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121887. [PMID: 25849041 PMCID: PMC4388731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines are host stress hormones that can induce the growth of many bacteria by facilitating iron utilization and/or regulate the expression of virulence genes through specific hormone receptors. Whether these two responsive pathways are interconnected is unknown. In our previous study, it was found that catecholamines can regulate the expression of a great number of genes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important swine respiratory pathogen. However, bacterial growth was not affected by catecholamines in rich medium. In this study, it was discovered that catecholamines affected A. pleuropneumoniae growth in chemically defined medium (CDM). We found that serum inhibited A. pleuropneumoniae growth in CDM, while epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine promoted A. pleuropneumoniae growth in the CDM containing serum. The known bacterial hormone receptor QseC didn’t play roles in this process. Ion-supplementation and transcriptome analysis indicated that serum addition resulted in iron-restricted conditions which were alleviated by the addition of catecholamines. Transferrin, one of the components in serum, inhibited the growth of A. pleuropneumoniae in CDM, an effect reversed by addition of catecholamines in a TonB2-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that catecholamines promote A. pleuropneumoniae growth by regulating iron-acquisition and metabolism, which is independent of the adrenergic receptor QseC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (RZ)
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (RZ)
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Neuman H, Debelius JW, Knight R, Koren O. Microbial endocrinology: the interplay between the microbiota and the endocrine system. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:509-21. [PMID: 25701044 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuu010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The new field of microbiome research studies the microbes within multicellular hosts and the many effects of these microbes on the host's health and well-being. We now know that microbes influence metabolism, immunity and even behavior. Essential questions, which are just starting to be answered, are what are the mechanisms by which these bacteria affect specific host characteristics. One important but understudied mechanism appears to involve hormones. Although the precise pathways of microbiota-hormonal signaling have not yet been deciphered, specific changes in hormone levels correlate with the presence of the gut microbiota. The microbiota produces and secretes hormones, responds to host hormones and regulates expression levels of host hormones. Here, we summarize the links between the endocrine system and the gut microbiota. We categorize these interactions by the different functions of the hormones, including those affecting behavior, sexual attraction, appetite and metabolism, gender and immunity. Future research in this area will reveal additional connections, and elucidate the pathways and consequences of bacterial interactions with the host endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Neuman
- Faculty of medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
| | - Justine W Debelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Omry Koren
- Faculty of medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
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Tellez G. Prokaryotes Versus Eukaryotes: Who is Hosting Whom? Front Vet Sci 2014; 1:3. [PMID: 26664911 PMCID: PMC4668860 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms represent the largest component of biodiversity in our world. For millions of years, prokaryotic microorganisms have functioned as a major selective force shaping eukaryotic evolution. Microbes that live inside and on animals outnumber the animals' actual somatic and germ cells by an estimated 10-fold. Collectively, the intestinal microbiome represents a "forgotten organ," functioning as an organ inside another that can execute many physiological responsibilities. The nature of primitive eukaryotes was drastically changed due to the association with symbiotic prokaryotes facilitating mutual coevolution of host and microbe. Phytophagous insects have long been used to test theories of evolutionary diversification; moreover, the diversification of a number of phytophagous insect lineages has been linked to mutualisms with microbes. From termites and honey bees to ruminants and mammals, depending on novel biochemistries provided by the prokaryotic microbiome, the association helps to metabolize several nutrients that the host cannot digest and converting these into useful end products (such as short-chain fatty acids), a process, which has huge impact on the biology and homeostasis of metazoans. More importantly, in a direct and/or indirect way, the intestinal microbiota influences the assembly of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, helps to educate immune system, affects the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, modulates proliferation and differentiation of its epithelial lineages, regulates angiogenesis, and modifies the activity of enteric as well as the central nervous system. Despite these important effects, the mechanisms by which the gut microbial community influences the host's biology remain almost entirely unknown. Our aim here is to encourage empirical inquiry into the relationship between mutualism and evolutionary diversification between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which encourage us to postulate: who is hosting whom?
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Tellez
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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The Dynamic Interactions between Salmonella and the Microbiota, within the Challenging Niche of the Gastrointestinal Tract. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:846049. [PMID: 27437481 PMCID: PMC4897363 DOI: 10.1155/2014/846049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how Salmonella species establish successful infections remains a foremost research priority. This gastrointestinal pathogen not only faces the hostile defenses of the host's immune system, but also faces fierce competition from the large and diverse community of microbiota for space and nutrients. Salmonella have solved these challenges ingeniously. To jump-start growth, Salmonella steal hydrogen produced by the gastrointestinal microbiota. Type 3 effector proteins are subsequently secreted by Salmonella to trigger potent inflammatory responses, which generate the alternative terminal electron acceptors tetrathionate and nitrate. Salmonella exclusively utilize these electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration, permitting metabolic access to abundant substrates such as ethanolamine to power growth blooms. Chemotaxis and flagella-mediated motility enable the identification of nutritionally beneficial niches. The resulting growth blooms also promote horizontal gene transfer amongst the resident microbes. Within the gastrointestinal tract there are opportunities for chemical signaling between host cells, the microbiota, and Salmonella. Host produced catecholamines and bacterial autoinducers form components of this chemical dialogue leading to dynamic interactions. Thus, Salmonella have developed remarkable strategies to initially shield against host defenses and to transiently compete against the intestinal microbiota leading to successful infections. However, the immunocompetent host is subsequently able to reestablish control and clear the infection.
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Intarak N, Muangsombut V, Vattanaviboon P, Stevens MP, Korbsrisate S. Growth, motility and resistance to oxidative stress of the melioidosis pathogenBurkholderia pseudomalleiare enhanced by epinephrine. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:24-31. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narin Intarak
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Veerachat Muangsombut
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Mark P. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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Kendall MM, Sperandio V. Cell-to-Cell Signaling in Escherichia coli and Salmonella. EcoSal Plus 2014; 6:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0002-2013. [PMID: 26442936 PMCID: PMC4229655 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0002-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria must be able to respond rapidly to changes in the environment to survive. One means of coordinating gene expression relies on tightly regulated and complex signaling systems. One of the first signaling systems that was described in detail is quorum sensing (QS). During QS, a bacterial cell produces and secretes a signaling molecule called an autoinducer (AI). As the density of the bacterial population increases, so does the concentration of secreted AI molecules, thereby allowing a bacterial species to coordinate gene expression based on population density. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that bacteria are also able to detect signal molecules produced by other species of bacteria as well as hormones produced by their mammalian hosts. This type of signaling interaction has been termed cell-to-cell signaling because it does not rely on a threshold concentration of bacterial cells. This review discusses the three main types of cell-to-cell signaling mechanisms used by Escherichia coli and Salmonella: the LuxR process, in which E. coli and Salmonella detect signals produced by other species of bacteria; the LuxS/AI-2 system, in which E. coli and Salmonella participate in intra- and interspecies signaling; and the AI-3/epinephrine/norepinephrine system, in which E. coli and Salmonella recognize self-produced AI, signal produced by other microbes, and/or the human stress hormones epinephrine and/or norepinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Kendall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Vanessa Sperandio
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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48
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Multidirectional chemical signalling between Mammalian hosts, resident microbiota, and invasive pathogens: neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in bacterial gene expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 817:241-53. [PMID: 24997037 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Host-pathogen communication appears to be crucial in establishing the outcome of bacterial infections. There is increasing evidence to suggest that this communication can take place by bacterial pathogens sensing and subsequently responding to host neuroendocrine (NE) stress hormones. Bacterial pathogens have developed mechanisms allowing them to eavesdrop on these communication pathways within their hosts. These pathogens can use intercepted communication signals to adjust their fitness to persist and cause disease in their hosts. Recently, there have been numerous studies highlighting the ability of NE hormones to act as an environmental cue for pathogens, helping to steer their responses during host infection. Host NE hormone sensing can take place indirectly or directly via bacterial adrenergic receptors (BARs). The resulting changes in bacterial gene expression can be of strategic benefit to the pathogen. Furthermore, it is intriguing that not only can bacteria sense NE stress hormones but they are also able to produce key signalling molecules known as autoinducers. The rapid advances in our knowledge of the human microbiome, and its impact on health and disease highlights the potential importance of communication between the microbiota, pathogens and the host. It is indeed likely that the microbiota input significantly in the neuroendocrinological homeostasis of the host by catabolic, anabolic, and signalling processes. The arrival of unwanted guests, such as bacterial pathogens, clearly has a major impact on these delicately balanced interactions. Unravelling the pathways involved in interkingdom communication between invading bacterial pathogens, the resident microbiota, and hosts, may provide novel targets in our continuous search for new antimicrobials to control disease.
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49
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Tavares LS, Silva CSF, de Souza VC, da Silva VL, Diniz CG, Santos MO. Strategies and molecular tools to fight antimicrobial resistance: resistome, transcriptome, and antimicrobial peptides. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:412. [PMID: 24427156 PMCID: PMC3876575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria motivates prospective research toward discovery of new antimicrobial active substances. There are, however, controversies concerning the cost-effectiveness of such research with regards to the description of new substances with novel cellular interactions, or description of new uses of existing substances to overcome resistance. Although examination of bacteria isolated from remote locations with limited exposure to humans has revealed an absence of antibiotic resistance genes, it is accepted that these genes were both abundant and diverse in ancient living organisms, as detected in DNA recovered from Pleistocene deposits (30,000 years ago). Indeed, even before the first clinical use of antibiotics more than 60 years ago, resistant organisms had been isolated. Bacteria can exhibit different strategies for resistance against antibiotics. New genetic information may lead to the modification of protein structure affecting the antibiotic carriage into the cell, enzymatic inactivation of drugs, or even modification of cellular structure interfering in the drug-bacteria interaction. There are still plenty of new genes out there in the environment that can be appropriated by putative pathogenic bacteria to resist antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, there are several natural compounds with antibiotic activity that may be used to oppose them. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules which are wide-spread in all forms of life, from multi-cellular organisms to bacterial cells used to interfere with microbial growth. Several AMPs have been shown to be effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria and have low propensity to resistance development, probably due to their unique mode of action, different from well-known antimicrobial drugs. These substances may interact in different ways with bacterial cell membrane, protein synthesis, protein modulation, and protein folding. The analysis of bacterial transcriptome may contribute to the understanding of microbial strategies under different environmental stresses and allows the understanding of their interaction with novel AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina S. F. Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia L. da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Cláudio G. Diniz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Marcelo O. Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora, Brazil
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50
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Tan SYY, Chua SL, Liu Y, Høiby N, Andersen LP, Givskov M, Song Z, Yang L. Comparative genomic analysis of rapid evolution of an extreme-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone. Genome Biol Evol 2013; 5:807-18. [PMID: 23538992 PMCID: PMC3673627 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of extreme-drug-resistant (EDR) bacterial strains in hospital and nonhospital clinical settings is a big and growing public health threat. Understanding the antibiotic resistance mechanisms at the genomic levels can facilitate the development of next-generation agents. Here, comparative genomics has been employed to analyze the rapid evolution of an EDR Acinetobacter baumannii clone from the intensive care unit (ICU) of Rigshospitalet at Copenhagen. Two resistant A. baumannii strains, 48055 and 53264, were sequentially isolated from two individuals who had been admitted to ICU within a 1-month interval. Multilocus sequence typing indicates that these two isolates belonged to ST208. The A. baumannii 53264 strain gained colistin resistance compared with the 48055 strain and became an EDR strain. Genome sequencing indicates that A. baumannii 53264 and 48055 have almost identical genomes-61 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found between them. The A. baumannii 53264 strain was assembled into 130 contigs, with a total length of 3,976,592 bp with 38.93% GC content. The A. baumannii 48055 strain was assembled into 135 contigs, with a total length of 4,049,562 bp with 39.00% GC content. Genome comparisons showed that this A. baumannii clone is classified as an International clone II strain and has 94% synteny with the A. baumannii ACICU strain. The ResFinder server identified a total of 14 antibiotic resistance genes in the A. baumannii clone. Proteomic analyses revealed that a putative porin protein was down-regulated when A. baumannii 53264 was exposed to antimicrobials, which may reduce the entry of antibiotics into the bacterial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Yang-Yi Tan
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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