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Hathaway CA, Townsend MK, Wang T, Vinci C, Jake-Schoffman DE, Hecht JL, Saeed-Vafa D, Moran Segura C, Nguyen JV, Conejo-Garcia JR, Fridley BL, Tworoger SS. Lifetime Exposure to Cigarette Smoke, B-Cell Tumor Immune Infiltration, and Immunoglobulin Abundance in Ovarian Tumors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:796-803. [PMID: 38517322 PMCID: PMC11147730 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke exposure has been linked to systemic immune dysfunction, including for B-cell and immunoglobulin (Ig) production, and poor outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. No study has evaluated the impact of smoke exposure across the life-course on B-cell infiltration and Ig abundance in ovarian tumors. METHODS We measured markers of B and plasma cells and Ig isotypes using multiplex immunofluorescence on 395 ovarian cancer tumors in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS)/NHSII. We conducted beta-binomial analyses evaluating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for positivity of immune markers by cigarette exposure among cases and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for developing tumors with low ( RESULTS There were no associations between smoke exposure and B-cell or IgM infiltration in ovarian tumors. Among cases, we observed higher odds of IgA+ among ever smokers (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.14-2.07) and ever smokers with no parental smoke exposure (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.18-3.49) versus never smokers. Women with parental cigarette smoke exposure versus not had higher risk of developing ovarian cancer with low IgG+ (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.10-2.09), whereas ever versus never smokers had a lower risk (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Ever smoking was associated with increased odds of IgA in ovarian tumors. IMPACT IgA has been associated with improved ovarian cancer outcomes, suggesting that although smoking is associated with poor outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer, it may lead to improved tumor immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Christine Vinci
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daryoush Saeed-Vafa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Carlos Moran Segura
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jonathan V Nguyen
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Knight Cancer Institute and Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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2
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Lee MK, Chen IH, Hsu IL, Tsai WH, Lee TY, Jhong JH, Liu BC, Huang TY, Lin FK, Chang WW, Wu JH. The impact of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143 toothpaste on gingivitis and oral microbiota in adults: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:477. [PMID: 38643116 PMCID: PMC11031891 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the oral health benefits of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143, particularly its potential in oral microbiota alterations and gingivitis improvement. METHODS We assessed GMNL-143's in vitro interactions with oral pathogens and its ability to prevent pathogen adherence to gingival cells. A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was performed on gingivitis patients using GMNL-143 toothpaste or placebo for four weeks, followed by a crossover after a washout. RESULTS GMNL-143 showed coaggregation with oral pathogens in vitro, linked to its surface layer protein. In patients, GMNL-143 toothpaste lowered the gingival index and reduced Streptococcus mutans in crevicular fluid. A positive relationship was found between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and gingival index changes, and a negative one between Campylobacter and gingival index changes in plaque. CONCLUSION GMNL-143 toothpaste may shift oral bacterial composition towards a healthier state, suggesting its potential in managing mild to moderate gingivitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID NCT04190485 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ); 09/12/2019, retrospective registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung City, 807378, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung City, 807378, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Hsu
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan City, 741014, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan City, 741014, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300193, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hua Jhong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, 320315, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Chia Liu
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan City, 741014, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Yin Huang
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan City, 741014, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Kuei Lin
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan City, 741014, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Departement of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd, Taichung City, 402306, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 402306, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Hui Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung City, 807378, Taiwan.
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807378, Taiwan.
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3
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Schulze A, Busse M. Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:319. [PMID: 38399605 PMCID: PMC10890155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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4
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Vecchio J, Regan J, Jiang Y, Li R, Romain H, Yousuf F, Adel T, Hall K, DaCosta JM, Yu X, Li JZ, Fofana IB. Viral and immunologic evaluation of smokers with severe COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17898. [PMID: 37857680 PMCID: PMC10587108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking negatively affects B cell function and immunoglobulin levels, but it is unclear if this immune dysfunction contributes to the risk of severe COVID-19 in smokers. We evaluated binding IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies to spike and receptor binding domain antigens, and used a pseudovirus assay to quantify neutralization titers in a set of 27 patients with severe COVID-19. We found no significant differences between binding and neutralization antibody responses for people with a smoking history and people who never smoked. High plasma viral load, but not antibody titers, was linked to an increased risk of death. Humoral immune dysfunction was not a major driver of severe COVID-19 in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vecchio
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Roy Li
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Romain
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Fizah Yousuf
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Adel
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Hall
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M DaCosta
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Xu Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ismael Ben Fofana
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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Al-Hamoudi N. Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy for Treating Peri-Implant Mucositis Among Cigarette Smokers and Diabetics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:378-388. [PMID: 37506360 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) on peri-implant clinical and radiographic outcomes among cigarette smokers and diabetics with peri-implant mucositis (piM). Methods: Randomized controlled trials, assessing the clinical and radiographic parameters of aPDT versus MD alone among smokers and diabetics with piM, were included in the study. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the standard mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the modified Jadad quality scale. Results: The meta-analyses found statistically significant differences between the impact of adjunct aPDT and MD alone on the peri-implant plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing among smokers and diabetics with piM at the final follow-up visit. However, no significant differences were found between the impact of adjunct aPDT and MD alone on the peri-implant crestal bone loss among smokers and diabetics with piM at the final follow-up. Conclusions: The application of aPDT as an adjunctive to MD demonstrated improved scores of the peri-implant clinical parameters among smokers and diabetics with piM in comparison with MD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Berus SM, Nowicka AB, Wieruszewska J, Niciński K, Kowalska AA, Szymborski TR, Dróżdż I, Borowiec M, Waluk J, Kamińska A. SERS Signature of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Swabs: Towards Perspective COVID-19 Point-of-Care Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119706. [PMID: 37298658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the intrinsic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based approach coupled with chemometric analysis was adopted to establish the biochemical fingerprint of SARS-CoV-2 infected human fluids: saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs. The numerical methods, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine classification (SVMC), facilitated the spectroscopic identification of the viral-specific molecules, molecular changes, and distinct physiological signatures of pathetically altered fluids. Next, we developed the reliable classification model for fast identification and differentiation of negative CoV(-) and positive CoV(+) groups. The PLS-DA calibration model was described by a great statistical value-RMSEC and RMSECV below 0.3 and R2cal at the level of ~0.7 for both type of body fluids. The calculated diagnostic parameters for SVMC and PLS-DA at the stage of preparation of calibration model and classification of external samples simulating real diagnostic conditions evinced high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for saliva specimens. Here, we outlined the significant role of neopterin as the biomarker in the prediction of COVID-19 infection from nasopharyngeal swab. We also observed the increased content of nucleic acids of DNA/RNA and proteins such as ferritin as well as specific immunoglobulins. The developed SERS for SARS-CoV-2 approach allows: (i) fast, simple and non-invasive collection of analyzed specimens; (ii) fast response with the time of analysis below 15 min, and (iii) sensitive and reliable SERS-based screening of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia M Berus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ariadna B Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Wieruszewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Niciński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta A Kowalska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz R Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Dróżdż
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Jorgensen P, Schmid A, Sulo J, Preza I, Hasibra I, Kissling E, Fico A, Sridhar S, Rubin-Smith JE, Kota M, Vasili A, Daja R, Nika M, Pebody R, Lafond KE, Katz MA, Bino S. Factors associated with receipt of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in Albania (February 2021-June 2022): secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 27:100584. [PMID: 37013112 PMCID: PMC9969343 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been disproportionally affected by COVID-19. We investigated factors associated with two- and three-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among 1504 HCWs enrolled (19 February-7 May 2021) in a prospective COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness cohort in Albania through a secondary analysis. Methods We collected sociodemographic, occupational, health, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination data from all HCWs at enrollment. Vaccination status was assessed weekly through June 2022. A serum sample was collected from all participants at enrollment and tested for anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We analyzed HCWs characteristics and outcomes using multivariable logistic regression. Findings By 11 June 2022, 1337 (88.9%) HCWs had received two COVID-19 vaccine doses, of whom 255 (19.1%) received a booster. Factors significantly associated with receiving three doses (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% CIs) were being ≥35 years (35-44 years: 1.76 (1.05-2.97); 45-54 years: 3.11 (1.92-5.05); ≥55 years: 3.38 (2.04-5.59)) and vaccinated against influenza (1.78; 1.20-2.64). Booster dose receipt was lower among females (0.58; 0.41-0.81), previously infected (0.67; 0.48-0.93), nurses and midwives (0.31; 0.22-0.45), and support staff (0.19; 0.11-0.32). Overall 1076 (72%) were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive at enrollment. Nurses and midwifes (1.45; 1.05-2.02), support staff (1.57; 1.03-2.41), and HCWs performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) (1.40; 1.01-1.94) had higher odds of being seropositive, while smokers had reduced odds (0.55; 0.40-0.75). Interpretation In a large cohort of Albanian HCWs, COVID-19 vaccine booster dose uptake was very low, particularly among younger, female, and non-physician HCWs, despite evidence demonstrating the added benefit of boosters in preventing infection and severe disease. Reasons behind these disparities should be explored to develop targeted strategies in order to promote uptake in this critical population. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was higher among non-physicians and HCWs performing APGs. A better understanding of the factors contributing to these differences is needed to inform interventions that could reduce infections in the future. Funding This study was funded by the Task Force for Global Health (US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) cooperative agreement # NU51IP000873) and the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Jorgensen
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Schmid
- Boston Children's Hospital Global Health Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonilda Sulo
- Southeast European Center for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Iria Preza
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Iris Hasibra
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Albana Fico
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Shela Sridhar
- Boston Children's Hospital Global Health Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Global Health Equity, 651 Huntington Avenue FXB, Building, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Majlinda Kota
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Adela Vasili
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Rovena Daja
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Miljana Nika
- Tirana University Hospital “Mother Theresa”, Dibra Street N.372, 1001, Tirana, Albania
| | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathryn E. Lafond
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark A. Katz
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvia Bino
- Institute of Public Health, Alexander Moisiut Street N.80, 1001, Tirana, Albania
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8
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McGrath JJC, Rebuli ME, Cass SP, Loeb M, Jaspers I. Smoking and e-cigarette use: key variables in testing IgA-oriented intranasal vaccines. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:822-824. [PMID: 35931092 PMCID: PMC9345529 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Nigar S, Hassan S, Maqsood A, Ahmed N, Al-Askar M, Mokeem SA, Alqutub MN, Aldahian N, Alsagob EI, Almubarak AA, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. An assessment of unstimulated salivary flow rate, IgA and clinical oral dryness among active and passive smokers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:39-51. [PMID: 34569554 PMCID: PMC10464801 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on the whole salivary flow rate (SFR), IgA levels and clinical oral dryness (COD) among active and passive smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The participants were categorized as active smokers (N = 54) or passive smokers (N = 163). Saliva was collected in tubes and placed in ice storage at -70°C. Salivary IgA levels were assessed in duplication using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Following the saliva sample collection, the subjects were assessed for COD using the COD score, SFR and caries. Chi-square test, the t-test and ANOVA were employed to compare the clinical impact of the smoking status associated with specific variables (smoking status, number of cigarettes, active caries, gender, age, COD score, IgA level and SFR). A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Two hundred and seventeen subjects with the mean age of 32.86±6.30 years, with 145 males (66.8%) and 72 females (33.2%), were included in the study. Among the active smokers, 88.8% were males compared to 11.2% females. The active smokers had the mean age of 32.52 years, a COD score of 1.43, an IgA level of 1.39 g/l, and a SFR of 0.37 ml/min. Among the passive smokers, 59.5% were males and 40.5% were females, with the mean age of 32.97 years, a COD score of 0.87 g/l, an IgA level of 1.47, and a SFR of 0.42 ml/min. Active caries showed a positive correlation with the number of cigarettes, with significance in the >35 years age group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated significant differences in SFR, IgA and COD scores among the active and passive smokers. The number of cigarettes had a negative impact on saliva production, IgA levels, the oral health status, and the progression of caries with respect to age and gender. Smoking potentially leads to xerostomia associated with active caries. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(1):39-51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeme Nigar
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Pathology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Hassan
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Pathology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Maqsood
- Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Department of Oral Pathology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mansour Al-Askar
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer A. Mokeem
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Montaser N. Alqutub
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Aldahian
- King Saud University, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman I. Alsagob
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Preventive Dental Sciences Department, Community Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almubarak
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- King Saud University, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- King Saud University, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Zhang T, Du Y, Wu Q, Li H, Nguyen T, Gidley G, Duran V, Goldman D, Petri M, Mohan C. Salivary anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) mirrors serum ANA in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:3. [PMID: 34980255 PMCID: PMC8721993 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assay salivary anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and its isotypes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate relevant clinical associations. METHODS Saliva samples were collected from SLE patients and assayed for salivary ANA using immunofluorescence (IF). Isotypes of salivary ANA, including IgG-ANA, IgA-ANA, and IgM-ANA, were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations between clinical parameters and levels of salivary ANA and isotypes were evaluated. RESULTS Salivary ANA IF intensities were significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls, irrespective of SLE patient disease activity, and strongly correlated with serum ANA titers. Salivary ANA was detected in 67.14% of SLE patients and 10.00% of healthy controls (p < 0.001). Among ANA-positive samples, 80.85% exhibited a nuclear ANA pattern, and 42.55% exhibited a cytoplasmic ANA pattern. Salivary IgG-ANA, IgA-ANA, and IgM-ANA levels, as assayed by ELISA, were significantly increased in both active and less active SLE patients compared with healthy controls, and levels of each isotype were significantly correlated with serum ANA titer. Salivary IgM-ANA levels correlated with the physician global assessment (PGA), SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), and negatively with serum C3 and C4. Salivary IgG-ANA also correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), SLEDAI, and negatively with serum C3. CONCLUSION Salivary ANA levels correlate with serum ANA titer, and salivary IgM-ANA and IgG-ANA correlate variably with PGA, SLEDAI, ESR and complement levels. These findings underscore the potential of using salivary ANA and ANA isotypes as surrogates for serum ANA, particularly for future point-of-care applications since saliva is easier to obtain than blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA.,Present affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Du
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA
| | - Gabriel Gidley
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA
| | - Valeria Duran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Room 2027, TX, Houston, USA.
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11
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Kobayashi K, Tachibana M, Tsutsumi Y. Neglected roles of IgG Fc-binding protein secreted from airway mucin-producing cells in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Innate Immun 2021; 27:423-436. [PMID: 34521229 PMCID: PMC8504265 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211043159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both innate immunity and acquired immunity are involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The induction of Abs that neutralize the virus has been described, and certain Abs against endemic coronaviruses may cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. Detailed mechanisms to protect against the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 remain unresolved. We previously reported that IgG Fc-binding protein (Fcγbp), a unique, large molecular weight, and mucin-like secretory Fc receptor protein, secreted from goblet cells of human small and large intestine, mediates the transportation of serum IgG onto the mucosal surface. In this review, we show that mucous bronchial gland cells and some goblet cells are immunoreactive for Fcγbp. Fcγbp traps the cross-reactive (both neutralizing and non-neutralizing) IgG bound to the virus and can consequently eliminate the virus from the mucosal surface to decrease viral loads. Fcγbp can also suppress immune overreaction by interfering with Fc-binding by macrophages and competing with complement fixation. Fcγbp secreted from mucin-producing cells of the airway functions as an important anti-infection mucosal defense. The Fcγbp-mediated mechanism can be a key factor in explaining why SARS-CoV-2 is less infective/lethal in children, and may also be involved in the unique Ab response, recurrent infection, and effects of serum therapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuhiro Tachibana
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shimada General Medical Center, Shimada, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shimada General Medical Center, Shimada, Shizuoka, Japan.,Diagnostic Pathology Clinic, Pathos Tsutsumi, Inazawa, Aichi, Japan.,Yokkaichi Nursing and Health Care University, School of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
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12
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McGrath JJC, Thayaparan D, Cass SP, Mapletoft JP, Zeng PYF, Koenig JFE, Fantauzzi MF, Bagri P, Ly B, Heo R, Schenck LP, Shen P, Miller MS, Stämpfli MR. Cigarette smoke exposure attenuates the induction of antigen-specific IgA in the murine upper respiratory tract. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1067-1076. [PMID: 34108594 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The upper respiratory tract is highly exposed to airborne pathogens and serves as an important inductive site for protective antibody responses, including mucosal IgA and systemic IgG. However, it is currently unknown to what extent inhaled environmental toxins, such as a cigarette smoke, affect the ability to induce antibody-mediated immunity at this site. Using a murine model of intranasal lipopolysaccharide and ovalbumin (LPS/OVA) immunization, we show that cigarette smoke exposure compromises the induction of antigen-specific IgA in the upper airways and systemic circulation. Deficits in OVA-IgA were observed in conjunction with a reduced accumulation of OVA-specific IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the nasal mucosa, inductive tissues (NALT, cervical lymph nodes, spleen) and the blood. Nasal OVA-IgA from smoke-exposed mice also demonstrated reduced avidity during the acute post-immunization period in association with an enhanced mutational burden in the cognate nasal Igha repertoire. Mechanistically, smoke exposure attenuated the ability of the nasal mucosa to upregulate VCAM-1 and pIgR, suggesting that cigarette smoke may inhibit both nasal ASC homing and IgA transepithelial transport. Overall, these findings demonstrate the immunosuppressive nature of tobacco smoke and illustrate the diversity of mechanisms through which this noxious stimulus can interfere with IgA-mediated immunity in the upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J C McGrath
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danya Thayaparan
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Steven P Cass
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Mapletoft
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua F E Koenig
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew F Fantauzzi
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Puja Bagri
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Ly
- Biomedical Discovery & Commercialization Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Heo
- Health Sciences Undergraduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Patrick Schenck
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Weston Family Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Shen
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R Stämpfli
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,CSL Biologics Research Center, Bern, Switzerland.
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13
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Tripodi D, Cosi A, Fulco D, D’Ercole S. The Impact of Sport Training on Oral Health in Athletes. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:51. [PMID: 34063591 PMCID: PMC8147607 DOI: 10.3390/dj9050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes' oral health appears to be poor in numerous sport activities and different diseases can limit athletic skills, both during training and during competitions. Sport activities can be considered a risk factor, among athletes from different sports, for the onset of oral diseases, such as caries with an incidence between 15% and 70%, dental trauma 14-70%, dental erosion 36%, pericoronitis 5-39% and periodontal disease up to 15%. The numerous diseases are related to the variations that involve the ecological factors of the oral cavity such as salivary pH, flow rate, buffering capability, total bacterial count, cariogenic bacterial load and values of secretory Immunoglobulin A. The decrease in the production of S-IgA and the association with an important intraoral growth of pathogenic bacteria leads us to consider the training an "open window" for exposure to oral cavity diseases. Sports dentistry focuses attention on the prevention and treatment of oral pathologies and injuries. Oral health promotion strategies are needed in the sports environment. To prevent the onset of oral diseases, the sports dentist can recommend the use of a custom-made mouthguard, an oral device with a triple function that improves the health and performance of athletes. During training, the sports dentist must monitor the athletes and the sports examination protocol must be implemented with the inclusion of the clinical examination, quantitative and qualitative analysis of saliva and instructions on the use, cleansing and storage of the mouthguard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.T.); (A.C.); (D.F.)
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14
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Li P, Lee GH, Kim SY, Kwon SY, Kim HR, Park S. From Diagnosis to Treatment: Recent Advances in Patient-Friendly Biosensors and Implantable Devices. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1960-2004. [PMID: 33534541 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Patient-friendly medical diagnostics and treatments have been receiving a great deal of interest due to their rapid and cost-effective health care applications with minimized risk of infection, which has the potential to replace conventional hospital-based medical procedures. In particular, the integration of recently developed materials into health care devices allows the rapid development of point-of-care (POC) sensing platforms and implantable devices with special functionalities. In this review, the recent advances in biosensors for patient-friendly diagnosis and implantable devices for patient-friendly treatment are discussed. Comprehensive analysis of portable and wearable biosensing platforms for patient-friendly health monitoring and disease diagnosis is provided, including topics such as materials selection, device structure and integration, and biomarker detection strategies. Moreover, specific challenges related to each biological fluid for wearable biosensor-based POC applications are presented. Also, advances in implantable devices, including recent materials development and wireless communication strategies, are discussed. Furthermore, various patient-friendly surgical and treatment approaches are reviewed, such as minimally invasive insertion and mounting, in vivo electrical and optical modulations, and post-operation health monitoring. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives toward the development of the patient-friendly diagnosis and treatment are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- College of Dentistry and Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lombardi A, Mangioni D, Consonni D, Cariani L, Bono P, Cantù AP, Tiso B, Carugno M, Muscatello A, Lunghi G, Pesatori AC, Riboldi L, Ceriotti F, Bandera A, Gori A. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG among healthcare workers of a large university hospital in Milan, Lombardy, Italy: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047216. [PMID: 33619203 PMCID: PMC7902322 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG among health careworkers (HCWs) in our university hospital and verify the risk of acquiring the infection according to work area. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Monocentric, Italian, third-level university hospital. PARTICIPANTS All the employees of the hospital on a voluntary base, for a total of 4055 participants among 4572 HCWs (88.7%). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Number of anti-SARS-CoV-2 positive serology according to working area. Association of anti-SARS-CoV-2 positive serology to selected variables (age, gender, country of origin, body mass index, smoking, symptoms and contact with confirmed cases). RESULTS From 27 April 2020 to 12 June 2020, 4055 HCWs were tested and 309 (7.6%) had a serological positive test. No relevant difference was found between men and women (8.3% vs 7.3%, p=0.3), whereas a higher prevalence was observed among foreign-born workers (27/186, 14.5%, p<0.001), employees younger than 30 (64/668, 9.6%, p=0.02) or older than 60 years (38/383, 9.9%, p=0.02) and among healthcare assistants (40/320, 12.5%, p=0.06). Working as frontline HCWs was not associated with an increased frequency of positive serology (p=0.42). A positive association was found with presence and number of symptoms (p<0.001). The symptoms most frequently associated with a positive serology were taste and smell alterations (OR 4.62, 95% CI: 2.99 to 7.15) and fever (OR 4.37, 95% CI: 3.11 to 6.13). No symptoms were reported in 84/309 (27.2%) HCWs with positive IgG levels. Declared exposure to a suspected/confirmed case was more frequently associated (p<0.001) with positive serology when the contact was a family member (19/94, 20.2%) than a patient or colleague (78/888, 8.8%). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred undetected in a large fraction of HCWs and it was not associated with working in COVID-19 frontline areas. Beyond the hospital setting, exposure within the community represents an additional source of infection for HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Mangioni
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Cariani
- Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bono
- Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Cantù
- Medical Direction, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Basilio Tiso
- Medical Direction, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- Epidemiology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Muscatello
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lunghi
- Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- Epidemiology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Riboldi
- Occupational Health Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Ceriotti
- Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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16
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Jiang C, Chen Q, Xie M. Smoking increases the risk of infectious diseases: A narrative review. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:60. [PMID: 32765200 PMCID: PMC7398598 DOI: 10.18332/tid/123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is relevant to infectious diseases resulting in increased prevalence and mortality. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of smoking in various infections and to explain the potential mechanisms. We searched PubMed and other relevant databases for scientific studies that explored the relationship between smoking and infection. The mechanisms of susceptibility to infection in smokers may include alteration of the structural, functional and immunologic host defences. Smoking is one of the main risk factors for infections in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and other systems in humans, increasing the prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis, SARS-CoV, and the current SARS-CoV-2. Smoking cessation can reduce the risk of infection. Smoking increases the incidence of infections and aggravates the progress and prognosis of infectious diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Smoking cessation promotion and education are the most practical and economical preventive measures to reduce aggravation of disease infection owing to tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Department of Gerontology and Respirology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Xie
- Department of Gerontology and Respirology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Prevalence of Caries and Associated Risk Factors in a Representative Group of Preschool Children from an Urban Area with High Income in Milan Province, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103372. [PMID: 32408678 PMCID: PMC7277466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present survey provides a quantitative assessment of caries prevalence, covering a group of 3–5 year-old children from an urban area generally with a high income in the province of Milan, and a comparison of the obtained results with the data presented by the W.H.O. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from March to September 2018 to investigate the prevalence of caries in a sample of 160 children (82 females and 78 males). The absence/presence of caries was defined as a dependent variable. Factors concerning lifestyle, diet, oral habits, oral hygiene, the presence and type of malocclusion and mouth breathing attitude were considered as risk factors. Data were analyzed by Chi-square (χ2) and regression tests using SPSS (version 25.0) software. In total, 84.38% of children (135 out of 160) showed no caries. A regression analysis demonstrated that children who had already received an early first dental visit were mostly those already affected by caries. Furthermore, children who had four meals daily or more were less exposed to the risk of developing caries compared to those who had only 1–3 meals daily. The caries prevalence of preschool children from urban areas with a high income in Milan province is relatively close to that considered acceptable by the W.H.O. in its proposed goals for the year 2020. Therefore, it can be concluded from the obtained results that there is a possibility for further improvement in preventing caries growth at its initial stage: it is necessary for the number of meals daily consumed by children to be controlled by parents, and conducting a dental visit early in childhood must not be neglected.
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18
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Al-ani A, MacDonald DA, Ahmad M. Salivary sIgA and PRAP-1 Protein in Relation to Dental Caries: A Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820913746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Certain individuals are more prone to dental caries than others are. Caries risk may be related in the secretion of certain defensive salivary proteins including secretory IgA (sIgA) and proline-rich acidic protein (PRAP-1). In this study, we investigated the relationship between PRAP-1 and sIgA leading to the susceptibility of development of dental caries in adults and explored the differences in the levels of sIgA and PRAP-1 between men and women. Materials and Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 28 patients with high caries risk and 32 control subjects with low caries risk according to caries management by risk assessment guidelines. sIgA and PRAP-1 levels in clarified saliva samples were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: According to our results, sIgA and PRAP-1 levels did not demonstrate statistically significant differences as a function of caries risk or gender, even when potential confounding variables such as age and numbers of teeth were taken into consideration. Estimates of effect size, however, revealed small- to medium-sized effects and suggest that significant results may have been found if larger sample sizes were used. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that caries risk and salivary levels of sIgA and PRAP-1 do not appear to be significantly associated. Statistically significant findings could emerge if the sample size was larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Al-ani
- Division of Integrated Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Douglas A. MacDonald
- Division of Integrated Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maha Ahmad
- Division of Integrated Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Evaluation of Lower Dental Arch Crowding and Dimension after Treatment with Lip Bumper versus Schwarz Appliance. A Prospective Pilot Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8020034. [PMID: 32290075 PMCID: PMC7344829 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The treatment of patients with mixed dentition, with inferior moderate dental crowding (the so-called borderline cases, between extraction and expansion) is not yet clear. Two examples of widely used appliances for increasing lower dental arch dimensions are the Schwarz’s appliance and lip bumper. The aim of this prospective study was to compare dental crowding and arch dimensions from pre- to post-treatment with lip bumper versus Schwarz’s appliance. Subjects and Methods: Pre- and post-treatment orthodontic records of twenty subjects (10 males and 10 females) were analyzed in the present study. Inclusion criteria were: first/second molar class malocclusion; crowding of the mandibular arch, from mild to moderate (4–6 mm); mixed dentition; age ≤ 9 years at the beginning of the treatment; stage CS1 or CS2 of maturation of the cervical vertebrae analysis (CVM) at the beginning of the treatment. Ten subjects were treated with a lip bumper, and ten with the removable Schwarz appliance. The primary outcomes were the variations in dental crowding and arch dimensions from pre- to post-treatment. Results: Both the two appliances caused a statistically significant mean improvement/reduction in crowding, of 3.5 mm and 2.9 mm, for the Schwarz appliance and lip bumper, respectively. The Schwarz appliance resulted more effective in increasing arch dimension at the intercanine level, and arch perimeter, while the lip bumper achieves a higher increase in arch length. Conclusions: A lip bumper and Schwarz appliance are both useful in reducing crowding in mixed dentition. This improvement is due to the increase in dental arch dimensions, although the distribution of space resulted slightly differently between the two appliances.
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20
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Mummolo S, Tieri M, Nota A, Caruso S, Darvizeh A, Albani F, Gatto R, Marzo G, Marchetti E, Quinzi V, Tecco S. Salivary concentrations of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli during an orthodontic treatment. An observational study comparing fixed and removable orthodontic appliances. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:181-187. [PMID: 32250562 PMCID: PMC7133731 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate salivary concentrations of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and some Lactobacilli, and plaque index (PI) in patients wearing fixed versus removable orthodontic appliances. METHODS A sample of 90 orthodontic patients (56 males and 34 females) was included in the study: 30 subjects (aged 21.5±1.5 years) were treated with removable clear aligners (CA), while for other 30 cases (aged 23.3±1.6 years) a fixed multibrackets appliance (MB) were utilized, and 30 patients (aged 18.2 ±1.5 years) wearied a removable positioner (RP). Salivary concentrations of S. mutans and Lactobacilli and PI were evaluated prior to start of the orthodontic treatment, after 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS After 6 months, 40% of MB patients (12 subjects over 30) showed a concentration of S. mutans associated to high risk of developing tooth decay (CFU/ml>105 ), differently from participants wearing removable appliances (odds ratio = 5.05; 95% C.I. = 1.72-14.78; chi-square = 9.64; p = 0.0019). The same trens was observed for the concentration of Lactobacilli (odds ratio = 4.33; 95% C.I. = 1.53-12.3; chi-square = 8.229; p = 0.004). In addition, over the duration of the study, CA patients maintained PI at 0 level, while MB patients experienced a statistically significant increasing trend of PI over time, and their PI became clinically/statistically relevant after 6 months, respect to CA and RP patients. CONCLUSIONS Comparing all the data, while, after 6 months, only about 10% of CA patients and 13.3% of RP patients achieved a microbial colonization which may lead to high risk of caries development, about 40% of MB patients - and 20% after 3 months - showed a high level of vulnerability to developing caries, which require additional strategies for plaque control and microbial colonization to be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mummolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Marco Tieri
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity “G. D'Annunzio of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Alessandro Nota
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
- Dental School, Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University and I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Atanaz Darvizeh
- Dental School, Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University and I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Albani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Roberto Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Marzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Enrico Marchetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Vincenzo Quinzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Simona Tecco
- Dental School, Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University and I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
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21
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Caruso S, Darvizeh A, Zema S, Gatto R, Nota A. Management of a Facilitated Aesthetic Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners and Minimally Invasive Corticotomy. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8010019. [PMID: 32075255 PMCID: PMC7148540 DOI: 10.3390/dj8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement has become a topical issue and the corticotomy seems to be the only effective and safe technique reported in the literature. Simultaneously, aesthetic orthodontic treatment with removable clear aligners has become commonly requested. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the management of facilitated aesthetic orthodontic treatment, a combined approach including piezocision corticotomy and clear aligners for orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic planning for traditional clear aligners should be modified to take advantage of the corticotomy technique in order to facilitate the most difficult orthodontic movements needed to achieve treatment completion, where each aligner will be used for four days rather than 15 days for a total time of four months. A corticotomy with a modified minimally invasive flapless piezocision technique should be performed in both jaws at the same time, before the time window of the orthodontic treatment, where the most difficult orthodontic movements are planned. Treatment planning where difficult orthodontic movements, such as anterior open-bite closure and extraction space closure, are easily managed with clear aligners and are presented as examples of facilitated aesthetic orthodontic treatment application. The combination between aesthetic treatment with clear aligners and modified piezocision corticotomy, if carefully planned, seems to represent a synergy that achieves the current goals of orthodontic treatment. The primary objectives of this combination should be facilitating difficult orthodontic movements and reducing treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila AQ, Italy; (S.C.); (S.Z.); (R.G.)
| | | | - Stefano Zema
- MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila AQ, Italy; (S.C.); (S.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberto Gatto
- MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila AQ, Italy; (S.C.); (S.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Alessandro Nota
- MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila AQ, Italy; (S.C.); (S.Z.); (R.G.)
- Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Michaud E, Mastrandrea C, Rochereau N, Paul S. Human Secretory IgM: An Elusive Player in Mucosal Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:141-156. [PMID: 31928913 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretory IgMs (SIgMs) were amongst the first identified immunoglobulins. However, their importance was not fully understood and recent advances have shown they play a key role in establishing and promoting commensal gut tolerance in mice and humans. The true interactions between SIgMs and the microbiota remain controversial and we aim to consolidate current knowledge in this review. Through comprehensive examination of SIgMs and their corresponding B cell secretors in several different pathological immunological contexts, we review the presumed role of these molecules in gut tolerance, inflammatory bowel diseases, and lung immunity. As SIgMs harbor a mostly tolerogenic function, we posit that their inclusion in further immunological research is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France.
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23
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Peres CDS, Gava RP, Yoshida NM, Correa JCM, Scudeller LB, Seixas GF, Silva CC, Garbelini CCD, Ramos SDP. Could regular practice of volleyball modulate salivary secretory immunity in children? Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Tarbiah N, Todd I, Tighe PJ, Fairclough LC. Cigarette smoking differentially affects immunoglobulin class levels in serum and saliva: An investigation and review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:474-483. [PMID: 31219219 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD in both serum and saliva samples from smoking and non-smoking individuals using a protein microarray assay. The findings were also compared to previous studies. Serum and saliva were collected from 48 smoking male individuals and 48 age-matched never-smoker male individuals. The protein microarray assays for detection of human IgG, IgM, IgA and IgD were established and optimized using Ig class-specific affinity-purified goat anti-human Ig-Fc capture antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-human Ig-Fc detection antibodies. The Ig class specificity of the microarray assays was verified, and the optimal dilutions of serum and saliva samples were determined for quantification of Ig levels against standard curves. We found that smoking is associated with reduced IgG concentrations and enhanced IgA concentrations in both serum and saliva. By contrast, smoking differentially affected IgM concentrations-causing increased concentrations in serum, but decreased concentrations in saliva. Smoking was associated with decreased IgD concentrations in serum and did not have a significant effect on the very low IgD concentrations in saliva. Thus, cigarette smoking differentially affects the levels of Ig classes systemically and in the oral mucosa. Although there is variation between the results of different published studies, there is a consensus that smokers have significantly reduced levels of IgG in both serum and saliva. A functional antibody deficiency associated with smoking may compromise the body's response to infection and result in a predisposition to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Tarbiah
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Todd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick J Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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25
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Lauritano D, Nota A, Martinelli M, Severino M, Romano M, Rossi D, Caruso S. A hydrosilver gel for plaque control in adults affected by chronic periodontitis: Effects on the 'red complex' bacterial load. A prospective longitudinal pilot study using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738418825212. [PMID: 31663441 PMCID: PMC6822196 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418825212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In subjects affected by chronic periodontitis, the chemical control of plaque is a strategy aiming primarily at controlling infection and bacterial loading. The aim is to evaluate the bacterial loading of the so-called 'red complex' associated with a short-term use of a hydrosilver gel (HSG) by using an in vivo model in adult subjects affected by chronic periodontitis. This prospective short-term clinical trial involved 10 adult volunteers using a 15-day in vivo model. After receiving professional prophylaxis at baseline (t0), each volunteer performed daily applications of HSG at home. After 15 days (t1) from the first application, subgingival plaque samples were collected, and the bacterial loading of species belonging to the red complex was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. The bacterial loading of the red complex showed no statistically significant difference between t0 and t1, although it tended to decrease. HSG can be used at home as an adjunct to domestic oral care because it seems a promising tool, but further studies are needed to involve a larger sample and a longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nota
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marcella Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Severino
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Romano
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Rossi
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Caruso
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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26
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Scapoli L, Carinci F, Mucchi D, Nota A, Caruso S, Rossi D, Romano M, Severino M. Evaluation of IL6, IL10 and VDR alleles distribution in an Italian large sample of subjects affected by chronic periodontal disease. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419840844. [PMID: 31663450 PMCID: PMC6822182 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419840844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the role played by the immune response to bacteria in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease (PD) has long been studied. Although from the clinical point of view, adequate oral hygiene is essential to ensure a satisfactory response of the host to infections, modulation of the reaction of immune system could be influenced by genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of alleles of polymorphisms relevant for chronic periodontitis in a sample of adult subjects affected by chronic PD. The present study was conducted with sample collected in Italian private practice offices from January 2013 to December 2017. The sample included 744 adult patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age > 18 years, diagnosis of chronic PD. The diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was based on the criteria established by the American Academy of Periodontology. No significant difference in allele distribution among patients from different Italian regions was found. Results, supporting absence of population heterogeneity for the investigated polymorphisms in Italy, suggest similar effect in periodontitis etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic
and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and
Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Nota
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of
Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila,
Italy
| | - Silvia Caruso
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of
Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila,
Italy
| | - Diego Rossi
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit,
Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Romano
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit,
Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and
Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Severino
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of
Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila,
Italy
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27
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Lahdentausta L, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Pietiäinen M, Tervahartiala T, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Sorsa T, Pussinen PJ. Smoking confounds the periodontal diagnostics using saliva biomarkers. J Periodontol 2018; 90:475-483. [PMID: 30447005 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease because of its complex impact on the inflammatory response in the periodontium. We investigated the effect of smoking on salivary periodontal biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS Saliva biomarkers were analyzed in the Parogene population (n = 480) comprising a random cohort of patients that have undergone coronary angiography and oral examination. The effect of time since cessation and pack years of smoking on biomarkers were investigated. RESULTS Saliva MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MPO concentrations distinguished periodontitis patients significantly from patients without periodontitis. When the time since cessation was considered, the area-under-the-curve values (p-value) for periodontitis were 0.76 (<0.001), 0.74 (<0.001), 0.70 (<0.001), and 0.76 (<0.001), respectively. Adding information about smoking habits in the models improved slightly the sensitivities of all biomarkers. In logistic regression model saliva, MMP-8 was mainly affected by pack years of smoking, whereas saliva MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MPO were mostly affected by time since cessation, especially if smoking currently or quit recently (<1 year ago). CONCLUSION Smoking confounds the salivary diagnostics of periodontitis and should be considered when interpreting the results obtained by potential diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio University Hospital, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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28
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El Naggar SM, El Nasr MIS, Sakr HM, Eissa SM, Elboraey AN, Moussa AR. Effect of Denture Base Reinforcement Using Light Cured E- Glass Fibers on the Level of Salivary Immunoglobulin A. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:2168-2172. [PMID: 30559884 PMCID: PMC6290454 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A gap still exists between in vitro and clinical studies concerning the biocompatibility of the material in the oral environment and their potential to cause immunological undesirable side effects. The uses of glass fibres to improve the mechanical properties of acrylic resin denture base polymers are well documented in vitro. AIM The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of denture base reinforcement using light-cured E- glass fibres mesh on the level of salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in patients wearing complete dentures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen completely edentulous patients, in need of complete dentures, participated in the study. The patients were divided into two groups (n = 7) according to the treatment protocol. In the first group, patients received conventional heat-cured acrylic resin dentures. In the second group, the mandibular dentures were reinforced using light cured resin impregnated E glass fibres mesh. In both groups, salivary samples were collected using passive drool technique. The level IgA was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique at different time intervals. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey`s post-hoc test and independent t-test. The significant level was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Acrylic resin dentures and reinforced ones demonstrated an increase in the mean values of IgA level at the end of the follow-up intervals. And this increase was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Although, the reinforced dentures revealed higher mean values, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the present study, the following could be concluded: (1) the insertion of complete dentures induced changes in the level of IgA; and (2) denture base reinforcement using light cured resin impregnated E-glass fibres mesh had a similar effect to that of heat cured acrylic resin on the level of IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady M El Naggar
- Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, South Valley University, Qena Governate, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Seif El Nasr
- Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Al-Azhar-Boys University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Sakr
- Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Al-Azhar-Boys University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherihan M Eissa
- Fixed & Removable Prosthodontics Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N Elboraey
- Fixed & Removable Prosthodontics Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Amani R Moussa
- Fixed & Removable Prosthodontics Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
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29
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Role of mechanical curettage with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in cigarette smokers: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:331-334. [PMID: 28457847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present 12-weeks follow-up randomized clinical trial was to investigate the outcome of mechanical curettage (MC) with or without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in cigarette smokers. METHODS Therapeutically, subjects with peri-implant mucositis were divided into 2 groups: (a) Group-A: MC+aPDT; and (b) Group-B: MC alone (control group). In both groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were gauged at baseline and after 12-weeks follow-up. Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty-four male patients (28 in Group-A and 26 in Group-B) were included. The mean age of individuals in groups A and B were 50.6±0.8 and 52.2±0.5years, respectively. In groups A and B the participants were smoking 16.5±2.7 and 14.2±1.7 cigarettes daily since 25.2±6.5 and 24.6±4.3years, respectively. Periimplant PI, BOP and PPD were comparable among individuals in both groups at baseline. At 12-weeks follow-up, there was a significant reduction in PI (P<0.001) and PPD (P<0.001) among patients in groups A and B compared with their respective baseline values. At 12-weeks follow-up, PI (P<0.001) and PPD (P<0.001) were significantly higher among patients in Group-B compared with Group-A (P<0.001). BOP was comparable in both groups at baseline and at 12-weeks follow-up. CONCLUSION In cigarette smokers, MC with adjunct aPDT is more effective in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis compared with MC alone.
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30
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Qiu F, Liang CL, Liu H, Zeng YQ, Hou S, Huang S, Lai X, Dai Z. Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down? Oncotarget 2017; 8:268-284. [PMID: 27902485 PMCID: PMC5352117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive immunity and plays dual roles in regulating immunity by either exacerbation of pathogenic immune responses or attenuation of defensive immunity. Adaptive immune cells affected by smoking mainly include T helper cells (Th1/Th2/Th17), CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and memory T/B lymphocytes while innate immune cells impacted by smoking are mostly DCs, macrophages and NK cells. Complex roles of cigarette smoke have resulted in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory and autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers and transplant rejection etc. Although previous reviews have described the effects of smoking on various diseases and regional immunity associated with specific diseases, a comprehensive and updated review is rarely seen to demonstrate impacts of smoking on general immunity and, especially on major components of immune cells. Here, we aim to systematically and objectively review the influence of smoking on major components of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and summarize cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying effects of cigarette smoking on the immune system. The molecular pathways impacted by cigarette smoking involve NFκB, MAP kinases and histone modification. Further investigations are warranted to understand the exact mechanisms responsible for smoking-mediated immunopathology and to answer lingering questions over why cigarette smoking is always harmful rather than beneficial even though it exerts dual effects on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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31
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Sandhya P, Christudoss P, Kabeerdoss J, Mandal SK, Aithala R, Mahasampath G, Job V, Danda D. Diagnostic accuracy of salivary and serum-free light chain assays in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a pilot study. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 20:760-766. [PMID: 28036132 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate levels of salivary and serum free light chains (FLCs) and explore its utility as a biomarker in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS Patients with pSS classified by American European Consensus group 2002 or American College of Rheumatology 2012 criteria between January 2015 and August 2015 were included. Healthy staff and non-first degree relatives of patients constituted controls. Serum and salivary FLCs were measured by immunoturbidometry using FREELITE™ Human Kappa(κ) and Lambda(λ) Free Kit (Binding site, Birmingham, UK), on a Roche Modular P800. FLCs were compared between cases and controls using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The receiver operator characteristic curve was constructed to analyze the discriminating ability of salivary and serum kappa and lambda FLCs. RESULTS Salivary and serum FLCs were assayed in 15 patients and 13 patients, respectively, and in 15 controls. Median age of cases and controls was 34 years. Salivary kappa and lambda FLCs were higher in pSS as compared to controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum kappa and lambda FLCs were also higher in pSS (both P < 0.05). Salivary lambda levels were higher in pSS with ocular signs; serum kappa and lambda levels were higher in those with ocular symptoms. A cut off of ≥ 1.1 mg/L for salivary lambda FLC had a sensitivity and specificity of 73.3% and 93.3%, respectively, for the diagnosis of pSS. Serum kappa FLC ≥ 30 mg/L had a sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 73.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Serum and salivary FLCs and in particular the latter, are potential biomarkers in pSS. Larger studies are required for validating the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulukool Sandhya
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pamela Christudoss
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayakanthan Kabeerdoss
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh K Mandal
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Aithala
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowri Mahasampath
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Victoria Job
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debashish Danda
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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32
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Simsek Ozek N, Zeller I, Renaud DE, Gümüş P, Nizam N, Severcan F, Buduneli N, Scott DA. Differentiation of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis by FTIR Spectroscopy. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1472-1478. [PMID: 27608648 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516663696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Without longitudinal clinical data, it is difficult to differentiate some cases of chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Furthermore, both forms of disease are exacerbated by tobacco use. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was planned, primarily, to determine the ability of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to distinguish CP and AgP patients by analysis of human saliva samples and, secondarily, to assess the potential confounding influence of smoking on discriminating disease-specific spectral signatures. FTIR spectra were collected from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CP (n = 18; 7 smokers) or AgP (n = 23; 9 smokers). Self-reported smoking status, which may be unreliable, was confirmed by salivary cotinine analysis. Spectral band area analysis and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to clarify if the 2 periodontitis groups as well as smoker and nonsmoker patients could be differentiated from each other. Significant variations in lipid, amino acid, lactic acid, and nucleic acid content were found between nonsmoker CP and AgP groups. Although significantly lower lipid, phospholipid, protein, amino acid, lactic acid, and nucleic acid content was noted in the smoker AgP group compared with the nonsmoker AgP group, in the CP group, phospholipid, protein, amino acid, and lactic acid content was significantly lower for smokers compared with the nonsmokers. Based on these variations, nonsmoker CP and AgP patients were discriminated from each other with high sensitivity and specificity. Successful differentiation was also obtained for the smoker CP and AgP groups. Thiocyanate levels successfully differentiated smokers from nonsmokers, irrespective of periodontal status, with 100% accuracy. Differentiation of AgP and CP forms, concomitant with determination of smoking status, may allow the dental health professional to tailor treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Simsek Ozek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - I Zeller
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D E Renaud
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - P Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - N Nizam
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - F Severcan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D A Scott
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Koss MA, Castro CE, Gramajo AM, López ME. sIgA, peroxidase and collagenase in saliva of smokers aggressive periodontal patients. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2016; 6:S24-S28. [PMID: 27900246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is strongly associated with destructive periodontal disease, alveolar bone loss and poor response to periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on antimicrobials and destructive proteins in the saliva of patients with generalized aggressive periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 55 adult subjects. They were classified according to their clinical diagnoses either as having generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 27; 13 smokers and 14 non-smokers) or as periodontitis-free control group (n = 28; 14 smokers and 14 non-smokers). Total proteins, sIgA, peroxidase and collagenase were quantified in whole saliva. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS Statistical differences were found between smokers with periodontal disease and healthy control subjects for sIgA, and between non-smokers with periodontal disease and healthy control subjects for peroxidase. Collagenase activity was higher in smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease, and tobacco use was found to increase collagenase activity in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Whole saliva from all patients with periodontal disease had higher sIgA and lower peroxidase content. Smokers with periodontitis had higher sIgA than smokers without periodontitis. Smokers with and without periodontitis had higher collagenase activity than non-smokers (with and without periodontitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam A Koss
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cecilia E Castro
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Agustina M Gramajo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María E López
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
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Jørgensen MR, Keller MK, Kragelund C, Hamberg K, Ericson D, Nielsen CH, Twetman S. Lactobacillus reuteri supplements do not affect salivary IgA or cytokine levels in healthy subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:399-404. [PMID: 27104984 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2016.1169439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of probiotic lactobacilli on the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and selected cytokines in whole saliva of healthy young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 47 healthy adults (18-32 years) who volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial after informed consent. During intervention, the subjects ingested two lozenges per day containing two strains of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo lozenges. The intervention and wash-out periods were 3 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after each intervention period and 3 weeks post-intervention. ELISA was used to measure sIgA and luminex technology was used to measure the interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. For statistical analyses a mixed ANOVA model was employed to calculate changes in the salivary outcome variables. RESULTS Forty-one subjects completed the study and reported a good compliance. No significant differences in the concentrations of salivary sIgA or cytokines were recorded between the L. reuteri and placebo interventions or between baseline and 3 weeks post-intervention levels. No side- or adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with two strains of the probiotic L. reuteri did not affect sIgA or cytokine levels in whole saliva in healthy young adults. The results thereby indicate that daily oral supplementation with L. reuteri do not seem to modulate the salivary oral immune response in healthy young subjects (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02017886).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rose Jørgensen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kirstine Keller
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Kragelund
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Hamberg
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Ericson
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Suzuki N, Nakanishi K, Yoneda M, Hirofuji T, Hanioka T. Relationship between salivary stress biomarker levels and cigarette smoking in healthy young adults: an exploratory analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2016; 14:20. [PMID: 27274336 PMCID: PMC4896002 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the relationships among salivary stress biomarkers, cigarette smoking, and mood states. Methods The study population comprised 49 healthy sixth-year dental students at Fukuoka Dental College (39 men, 10 women; age, 23–31 years). Lifetime exposure to smoking was calculated using the Brinkman index (BI). Resting saliva samples were collected, and concentrations of cortisol, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined. Mood states (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, fatigue, confusion, and vigor) over the previous week were assessed using the Profile of Mood States - Brief Japanese Version. Results Salivary IL-1β levels were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (P = 0.044), regardless of the BI or mood state. A significant positive correlation was evident between the TNF-α level and the BI (P = 0.036), and the SIgA level was positively correlated with the BI (P = 0.067) but did not reach statistical significance. In terms of mood states, higher fatigue scores and lower vigor scores were observed in smokers. The TNF-α level and vigor score were negatively correlated (r = –0.229, P = 0.135), but the correlation did not reach statistical significance. However, the SIgA level and fatigue score were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.410, P = 0.005). Conclusions The TNF-α and SIgA levels were both positively correlated with the BI. Furthermore, the TNF-α level was negatively correlated with the vigor score, whereas the SIgA level was positively correlated with the fatigue score. Thus, salivary levels of TNF-α and SIgA may be used as biomarkers of mood states in healthy young smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Suzuki
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakanishi
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoneda
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Takao Hirofuji
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Takashi Hanioka
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
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Dilek F, Ozkaya E, Gultepe B, Yazici M, Iraz M. Nasal fluid secretory immunoglobulin A levels in children with allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 83:41-6. [PMID: 26968051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing knowledge about the immunoregulatory and possibly preventative roles of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in allergic diseases. This study aimed to investigate secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in the nasal fluid of children who were either being treated for their allergic rhinitis (AR) with intranasal mometasone furoate or were not receiving treatment. METHODS The study population contained 55 children with persistent AR. Group I included 27 newly diagnosed AR patients not taking any medication and group II included 28 patients treated with intranasal steroids for at least 6 months. 27 healthy control subjects were also enrolled in the study. Total symptom scores (TSS) were calculated for each patient. Nasal secretions were obtained using a new modified polyurethane sponge absorption method, and samples were analysed by ELISA. RESULTS The median value for nasal fluid SIgA level in each group was 127.2μg/ml (interquartile range; 67.3-149.6) in group I, 133.9μg/ml (102.1-177.8) in group II and 299.8μg/ml (144.5-414.0) in the control group. Groups I and II both had statistically significant reductions in nasal fluid SIgA levels compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups I and II (p=0.35). A statistically significant and negative correlation also existed between TSS and nasal fluid SIgA levels in both groups I and II (p=0.006, rho=-0.512 and p=0.01, rho=-0.481, respectively). CONCLUSIONS SIgA levels in the nasal fluid are significantly reduced in children with AR independent of treatment and are negatively correlated with the TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Dilek
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emin Ozkaya
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Gultepe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mebrure Yazici
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Iraz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gherlone EF, Capparé P, Tecco S, Polizzi E, Pantaleo G, Gastaldi G, Grusovin MG. A Prospective Longitudinal Study on Implant Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Controlled HIV-Positive Patients with 1-Year Follow-Up: The Role of CD4+ Level, Smoking Habits, and Oral Hygiene. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 18:955-964. [PMID: 26238779 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study showed that implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in well-controlled HIV patients gave slightly worse results than in an healthy population, and failures were all linked to infection. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the success of implant-prosthetic treatment and systemic CD4+ level, smoking habits, and oral hygiene. MATERIALS AND METHODS This mono-centric study included HIV patients with a stable disease and good oral hygiene requiring implant rehabilitation. Each patient received at least one dental implant. Prosthesis were delivered after 90 days in the upper jaw and 60 days in the lower jaw. Primary outcome measures were prosthetic failures, implant failures, peri-implant marginal bone level changes, and biological complications (peri-implantitis, pus, pain, paresthesia). The possible association with CD4 count, smoking habits, and oral hygiene was analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients received 194 implants, and 66 patients (190 implants) were followed for 1 year. No significant associations were found between CD4+ count, oral hygiene-associated variables, and any of the outcome measures. If compared with nonsmoking/light smoking patients, patients who smoked >10 cigarettes/day suffered a statistically significant greater number of implant failures (p ≤ .005), presented a comparatively higher number of peri-implantitis (p < .001), as well as a higher frequency of pus (p ≤ .007), and reported pain (p ≤ .009). CONCLUSION Within the limitation of the present study, placement of dental implants in HIV-positive patients with stable disease seems a reasonable treatment option, regardless of CD4+ cell count, provided that they are in a normal range. Oral hygiene variables were not influent in this group of patient following recall appointments, while HIV-positive heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day) demonstrated an increased risk of early implant failure, peri-implantitis, episodes of pus, and self-reported pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico F Gherlone
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capparé
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Tecco
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Polizzi
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Faculty of Psychology, UniSR Social.Lab [Research Methods], Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gastaldi
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.,Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry Unit, San Rocco Hospital, Ome, Brescia, Italy
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Suma S, Naito M, Wakai K, Sasakabe T, Hattori Y, Okada R, Kawai S, Hishida A, Morita E, Nakagawa H, Tamura T, Hamajima N. Effects ofIL6C-634G polymorphism on tooth loss and their interaction with smoking habits. Oral Dis 2015; 21:807-13. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Suma
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - M Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - K Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - T Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Y Hattori
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - R Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - S Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - A Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - E Morita
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Division of Epidemiology & Prevention; Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute; Nagoya Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu Japan
| | - N Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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Kotsakis GA, Javed F, Hinrichs JE, Karoussis IK, Romanos GE. Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Clinical Outcomes of Periodontal Flap Surgical Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol 2015; 86:254-63. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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