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Iorfida D, Valitutti F, Vestri A, D'Adamo G, Passaro T, Crocco M, Malerba F, Monzani A, Rabbone I, Pensabene L, Giancotti L, Graziano F, Citrano M, Ferretti F, Trovato CM, Pacenza C, Iasevoli M, Banzato C, Lubrano R, Montuori M. Prevalence of delivery mode in an Italian nationwide cohort with celiac disease: a SIGENP multicenter retrospective study (the CD-deliver-IT). Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:129. [PMID: 39061072 PMCID: PMC11282831 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated an association between cesarean section (CS), especially elective CS, and an increased risk of celiac disease (CD), but the conclusions of other studies are contradictory. The primary aim of this study (CD-deliver-IT) was to evaluate the rate of CS in a large population of CD patients throughout Italy. METHODS: This national multicenter retrospective study was conducted between December 2020 and November 2021. The coordinating center was the Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit of Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza, University of Rome, Lazio, Italy. Eleven other referral centers for CD have participated to the study. Each center has collected data on mode of delivery and perinatal period of all CD patients referring to the center in the last 40 years. RESULTS Out of 3,259 CD patients recruited in different Italian regions, data on the mode of delivery were obtained from 3,234. One thousand nine hundred forty-one (1,941) patients (60%) were born vaginally and 1,293 (40%) by CS (8.3% emergency CS, 30.1% planned CS, 1.5% undefined CS). A statistically significant difference was found comparing median age at time of CD diagnosis of patients who were born by emergency CS (4 years, CI 95% 3.40-4.59), planned CS (7 years, CI 95% 6.02-7.97) and vaginal delivery (6 years, CI 95% 5.62-6.37) (log rank p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first Italian multicenter study aiming at evaluating the rate of CS in a large population of CD patients through Italy. The CS rate found in our CD patients is higher than rates reported in the general population over the last 40 years and emergency CS seems to be associated with an earlier onset of CD compared to vaginal delivery or elective CS in our large nationwide retrospective cohort. This suggests a potential role of the mode of delivery on the risk of developing CD and on its age of onset, but it is more likely that it works in concert with other perinatal factors. Further prospective studies on other perinatal factors potentially influencing gut microbiota are awaited in order to address heavy conflicting evidence reaming in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Iorfida
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza - University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Valitutti
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Annarita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia D'Adamo
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Salerno, P.O. Cava de' Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tiziana Passaro
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Salerno, P.O. Cava de' Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Crocco
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Federica Malerba
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Monzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Paediatrics, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Paediatrics, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Giancotti
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michele Citrano
- Pediatric Unit, Villa Sofia - Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferretti
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Iasevoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Lubrano
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza - University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Renga G, Pariano M, D'Onofrio F, Pieraccini G, Di Serio C, Villella VR, Abbate C, Puccetti M, Giovagnoli S, Stincardini C, Bellet MM, Ricci M, Costantini C, Oikonomou V, Romani L. The immune and microbial homeostasis determines the Candida-mast cells cross-talk in celiac disease. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302441. [PMID: 38719750 PMCID: PMC11079604 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy resulting from an interaction between diet, genome, and immunity. Although many patients respond to a gluten-free diet, in a substantive number of individuals, the intestinal injury persists. Thus, other factors might amplify the ongoing inflammation. Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that is well adapted to the intestinal life. However, specific conditions increase Candida pathogenicity. The hypothesis that Candida may be a trigger in CD has been proposed after the observation of similarity between a fungal wall component and two CD-related gliadin T-cell epitopes. However, despite being implicated in intestinal disorders, Candida may also protect against immune pathologies highlighting a more intriguing role in the gut. Herein, we postulated that a state of chronic inflammation associated with microbial dysbiosis and leaky gut are favorable conditions that promote C. albicans pathogenicity eventually contributing to CD pathology via a mast cells (MC)-IL-9 axis. However, the restoration of immune and microbial homeostasis promotes a beneficial C. albicans-MC cross-talk favoring the attenuation of CD pathology to alleviate CD pathology and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Renga
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Onofrio
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Di Serio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis (IERFC-Onlus), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Abbate
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis (IERFC-Onlus), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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3
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Weaver L, Troester A, Jahansouz C. The Impact of Surgical Bowel Preparation on the Microbiome in Colon and Rectal Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:580. [PMID: 39061262 PMCID: PMC11273680 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preoperative bowel preparation, through iterations over time, has evolved with the goal of optimizing surgical outcomes after colon and rectal surgery. Although bowel preparation is commonplace in current practice, its precise mechanism of action, particularly its effect on the human gut microbiome, has yet to be fully elucidated. Absent intervention, the gut microbiota is largely stable, yet reacts to dietary influences, tissue injury, and microbiota-specific byproducts of metabolism. The routine use of oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation prior to intestinal surgical procedures may have detrimental effects previously thought to be negligible. Recent evidence highlights the sensitivity of gut microbiota to antibiotics, bowel preparation, and surgery; however, there is a lack of knowledge regarding specific causal pathways that could lead to therapeutic interventions. As our understanding of the complex interactions between the human host and gut microbiota grows, we can explore the role of bowel preparation in specific microbiome alterations to refine perioperative care and improve outcomes. In this review, we outline the current fund of information regarding the impact of surgical bowel preparation and its components on the adult gut microbiome. We also emphasize key questions pertinent to future microbiome research and their implications for patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Weaver
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.W.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexander Troester
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.W.); (A.T.)
| | - Cyrus Jahansouz
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 450, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Nissen L, Casciano F, Chiarello E, Di Nunzio M, Bordoni A, Gianotti A. Sourdough process and spirulina-enrichment can mitigate the limitations of colon fermentation performances of gluten-free breads in non-celiac gut model. Food Chem 2024; 436:137633. [PMID: 37839115 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the impact of gluten free (GF) breads enriched with spirulina on the ecology of the colon microbiota of non-celiac volunteers was investigated. Simulation of digestion of GF breads was conducted with an in vitro gut model. Microbiomics and metabolomics analyses were done during colon fermentations to study the modulation of the microbiota. From the results, a general increase in Proteobacteria and no reduction of detrimental microbial metabolites were observed in any conditions. Notwithstanding, algae enriched sourdough breads showed potential functionalities, as the improvement of some health-related ecological indicators, like i) microbiota eubiosis; ii) production of bioactive volatile organic fatty acids; iii) production of bioactives terpenes. Our results indicate that a sourdough fermentation and algae enrichment can mitigate the negative effect of GF breads on gut microbiota of non-celiac consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nissen
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Flavia Casciano
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Elena Chiarello
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
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5
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Rostami-Nejad M, Asri N, Bakhtiari S, Khalkhal E, Maleki S, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Rostami K. Metabolomics and lipidomics signature in celiac disease: a narrative review. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38340186 PMCID: PMC10858823 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by aberrant immune responses to consumed gluten proteins. CD is diagnosed by a combination of the patients reported symptoms, serologic and endoscopic biopsy evaluation of the small intestine; and adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is considered the only available therapeutic approach for this disorder. Novel approaches need to be considered for finding new biomarkers to help this disorder diagnosis and finding a new alternative therapeutic method for this group of patients. Metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful tools to provide highly accurate and sensitive biomarkers. Previous studies indicated a metabolic fingerprint for CD deriving from alterations in gut microflora or intestinal permeability, malabsorption, and energy metabolism. Moreover, since CD is characterized by increased intestinal permeability and due to the importance of membrane lipid components in controlling barrier integrity, conducting lipidomics studies in this disorder is of great importance. In the current study, we tried to provide a critical overview of metabolomic and lipidomic changes in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Bakhtiari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Khalkhal
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Maleki
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, MidCentral DHB, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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Martínez-Martínez M, Martínez-Martínez M, Soria-Guerra R, Gamiño-Gutiérrez S, Senés-Guerrero C, Santacruz A, Flores-Ramírez R, Salazar-Martínez A, Portales-Pérez D, Bach H, Martínez-Gutiérrez F. Influence of feeding practices in the composition and functionality of infant gut microbiota and its relationship with health. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294494. [PMID: 38170702 PMCID: PMC10763948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing the infant's gut microbiota has long-term implications on health and immunity. Breastfeeding is recognized as the best practice of infant nutrition in comparison with formula feeding. We evaluated the effects of the primary feeding practices by analyzing the infant growth and the potential association with gut diseases. A cross-sectional and observational study was designed. This study included 55 mothers with infants, who were divided according to their feeding practices in breastfeeding (BF), formula feeding (FF), and combined breast and formula feeding (CF). Anthropometric measurements of the participants were recorded. Additionally, non-invasive fecal samples from the infants were collected to analyze the microbiota by sequencing, immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration (ELISA), and volatile organic compounds (gas chromatography with an electronic nose). Results showed that the microbiota diversity in the BF group was the highest compared to the other two groups. The IgA levels in the BF group were twice as high as those in the FF group. Moreover, the child´s growth in the BF group showed the best infant development when the data were compared at birth to the recollection time, as noted by the correlation with a decreased concentration of toxic volatile organic compounds. Interestingly, the CF group showed a significant difference in health status when the data were compared with the FF group. We conclude that early health practices influence children's growth, which is relevant to further research about how those infants' health evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Soria-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | | | | | - Arlette Santacruz
- Posgrado en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Salud Total, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud -CIACYT, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | | | - Diana Portales-Pérez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Torreón, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fidel Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
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Fasano A, Matera M. Probiotics to Prevent Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:95-111. [PMID: 39060733 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) is dramatically increasing in the developed world, resulting in an increased burden of disease in childhood. Currently, there are limited effective strategies for treating or preventing these conditions. To date, myriads of cross-sectional studies have described alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in a variety of disease states, after the disease has already occurred. We suggest that to mechanically link these microbiome changes with disease pathogenesis, a prospective cohort design is needed to capture changes that precede or coincide with disease onset and symptoms. In addition, these prospective studies must integrate microbiological, metagenomic, meta transcriptomic and metabolomic data with minimal and standardized clinical and environmental metadata that allow to correctly compare and interpret the results of the analysis of the human microbiota in order to build a system-level model of the interactions between the host and the development of the disease. The creation of new biological computational models thus constructed will allow us to finally move from the detection of simple elements of "association" to the identification of elements of real "causality" allowing to provide a mechanistic approach to the exploration of the development of CIDs.This can only be done when these diseases are studied as complex biological networks. In this chapter we discuss the current knowledge regarding the contribution of the microbiome to CID in childhood, focusing on celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease, with the overall aim of identifying pathways to shift research from descriptive to mechanistic approaches. We then examine how some components of the microbiota, through epigenetic reprogramming, can start the march from genetic predisposition to clinical expression of CIDs, thus opening up new possibilities for intervention, through microbiota therapy targeting the manipulation of the composition and function of the microbiota, for future applications of precision medicine and primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fasano
- Research Centre for Immunology and Mucosal Biology and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children - Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, MA.
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General for Children - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mariarosaria Matera
- Neonatologist, Neurodevelopmental Clinics and Pediatric Clinical Microbiomic - Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
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Herfindal AM, van Megen F, Gilde MKO, Valeur J, Rudi K, Skodje GI, Lundin KEA, Henriksen C, Bøhn SK. Effects of a low FODMAP diet on gut microbiota in individuals with treated coeliac disease having persistent gastrointestinal symptoms - a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2061-2075. [PMID: 37272479 PMCID: PMC10657752 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with coeliac disease (CeD) often experience gastrointestinal symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). While we recently showed that a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) successfully provided symptom relief in GFD-treated CeD patients, there have been concerns that the low FODMAP diet (LFD) could adversely affect the gut microbiota. Our main objective was therefore to investigate whether the LFD affects the faecal microbiota and related variables of gut health. In a randomised controlled trial GFD-treated CeD adults, having persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, were randomised to either consume a combined LFD and GFD (n 39) for 4 weeks or continue with GFD (controls, n 36). Compared with the control group, the LFD group displayed greater changes in the overall faecal microbiota profile (16S rRNA gene sequencing) from baseline to follow-up (within-subject β-diversity, P < 0·001), characterised by lower and higher follow-up abundances (%) of genus Anaerostipes (Pgroup < 0·001) and class Erysipelotrichia (Pgroup = 0·02), respectively. Compared with the control group, the LFD led to lower follow-up concentrations of faecal propionic and valeric acid (GC-FID) in participants with high concentrations at baseline (Pinteraction ≤ 0·009). No differences were found in faecal bacterial α-diversity (Pgroup ≥ 0·20) or in faecal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ELISA), a biomarker of gut integrity and inflammation (Pgroup = 0·74), between the groups at follow-up. The modest effects of the LFD on the gut microbiota and related variables in the CeD patients of the present study are encouraging given the beneficial effects of the LFD strategy to treat functional GI symptoms (Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03678935).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari Herfindal
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Frida van Megen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari K. O. Gilde
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gry I. Skodje
- Healthy Life Centre, Municipality of Nes, Nes, Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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9
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Lawal SA, Voisin A, Olof H, Bording-Jorgensen M, Armstrong H. Diversity of the microbiota communities found in the various regions of the intestinal tract in healthy individuals and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242242. [PMID: 38022505 PMCID: PMC10654633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by persistent inflammation and gut damage. There is an increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in IBD development and progression. However, studies of the complete microbiota composition (bacteria, fungi, viruses) from precise locations within the gut remain limited. In particular, studies have focused primarily on the bacteriome, with available methods limiting evaluation of the mycobiome (fungi) and virome (virus). Furthermore, while the different segments of the small and large intestine display different functions (e.g., digestion, absorption, fermentation) and varying microenvironment features (e.g., pH, metabolites), little is known about the biogeography of the microbiota in different segments of the intestinal tract or how this differs in IBD. Here, we highlight evidence of the differing microbiota communities of the intestinal sub-organs in healthy and IBD, along with method summaries to improve future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adefisoye Lawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Athalia Voisin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hana Olof
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Heather Armstrong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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10
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Soheilian Khorzoghi M, Rostami-Nejad M, Yadegar A, Dabiri H, Hadadi A, Rodrigo L. Impact of probiotics on gut microbiota composition and clinical symptoms of coeliac disease patients following gluten-free diet. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 35:101201. [PMID: 37680267 PMCID: PMC10480319 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics on gut microbiota composition and clinical symptoms of treated CD patients. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study, 31 CD patients that were randomly classified as probiotics (n = 15) and placebo (n = 16) groups received 109 colony-forming units/capsule for 12 weeks. Fecal samples were collected before and after probiotics, or placebo administration and the changes in intestinal microbiota were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Probiotic administration improved the patients' clinical symptoms when compared to the placebo group. Fatigue score was significantly reduced by the intake of probiotic supplements (P = 0.02). Except for Staphylococcus spp., the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium cluster I, Enterobacteriaceae, and Firmicutes were higher in probiotics group. Accordingly, a 12-week multi-strain probiotic treatment regimen may modify the composition of intestinal microbiota and improve GI symptoms in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hadadi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Gastroenterology and Liver Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
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11
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Jenickova E, Andrén Aronsson C, Mascellani Bergo A, Cinek O, Havlik J, Agardh D. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the faecal metabolome in children with coeliac disease autoimmunity: a randomised, double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1183963. [PMID: 37485388 PMCID: PMC10359497 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1183963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coeliac disease is a lifelong immune-mediated enteropathy manifested as gluten intolerance in individuals carrying specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Other factors than genetics and gluten intake, however, may play a role in triggering the disease. The gut internal environment is thought to be one of these potential contributing factors, and it can be influenced throughout life. Methods We examine the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 8700:2 supplementation on the faecal metabolome in genetically predisposed children having tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies, i.e., coeliac disease autoimmunity. Probiotic strains were selected based on their beneficial properties, including mucosal permeability and immune modulation effects. The intervention group (n = 40) and control group (n = 38) took the probiotics or placebo daily for 6 months in a double-blinded randomised trial. Faecal samples were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months and analysed using the 1H NMR for metabolome. The incorporation of 16S rRNA sequencing as a supportive dataset complemented the analysis of the metabolome data. Results During the 6 months of intervention, the stool concentrations of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate increased in the intervention group as compared to controls, whereas concentrations of threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, aspartate, and fumarate decreased. Additionally, a noteworthy effect on the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathway has been observed. Conclusion The findings suggest a modest yet significant impact of the probiotics on the faecal metabolome, primarily influencing proteolytic processes in the gut. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03176095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Jenickova
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Anna Mascellani Bergo
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Martín-Masot R, Jiménez-Muñoz M, Herrador-López M, Navas-López VM, Obis E, Jové M, Pamplona R, Nestares T. Metabolomic Profiling in Children with Celiac Disease: Beyond the Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:2871. [PMID: 37447198 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is included in the group of complex or multifactorial diseases, i.e., those caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Despite a growing understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, diagnosis is still often delayed and there are no effective biomarkers for early diagnosis. The only current treatment, a gluten-free diet (GFD), can alleviate symptoms and restore intestinal villi, but its cellular effects remain poorly understood. To gain a comprehensive understanding of CD's progression, it is crucial to advance knowledge across various scientific disciplines and explore what transpires after disease onset. Metabolomics studies hold particular significance in unravelling the complexities of multifactorial and multisystemic disorders, where environmental factors play a significant role in disease manifestation and progression. By analyzing metabolites, we can gain insights into the reasons behind CD's occurrence, as well as better comprehend the impact of treatment initiation on patients. In this review, we present a collection of articles that showcase the latest breakthroughs in the field of metabolomics in pediatric CD, with the aim of trying to identify CD biomarkers for both early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. These advancements shed light on the potential of metabolomic analysis in enhancing our understanding of the disease and improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. More studies need to be designed to cover metabolic profiles in subjects at risk of developing the disease, as well as those analyzing biomarkers for follow-up treatment with a GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martín-Masot
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José MataixVerdú" (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Muñoz
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Herrador-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel Navas-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Teresa Nestares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José MataixVerdú" (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Manai F, Zanoletti L, Arfini D, Micco SGD, Gjyzeli A, Comincini S, Amadio M. Dimethyl Fumarate and Intestine: From Main Suspect to Potential Ally against Gut Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9912. [PMID: 37373057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a well-characterized molecule that exhibits immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and that is currently approved for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Due to its Nrf2-dependent and independent mechanisms of action, DMF has a therapeutic potential much broader than expected. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the state-of-the-art and future perspectives regarding the potential repurposing of DMF in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disorders (i.e., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and celiac disease. DMF's mechanisms of action, as well as an exhaustive analysis of the in vitro/in vivo evidence of its beneficial effects on the intestine and the gut microbiota, together with observational studies on multiple sclerosis patients, are here reported. Based on the collected evidence, we highlight the new potential applications of this molecule in the context of inflammatory and immune-mediated intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davide Arfini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Giorgio De Micco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arolda Gjyzeli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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14
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Rasouli-Saravani A, Jahankhani K, Moradi S, Gorgani M, Shafaghat Z, Mirsanei Z, Mehmandar A, Mirzaei R. Role of microbiota short-chain fatty acid chains in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114620. [PMID: 37004324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in helath and diseases. In this regard, gut microbiota has been found as a crucial component that influences immune responses as well as immune-related disorders such as autoimmune diseases. Gut bacterial dysbiosis has been shown to cause disease and altered microbiota metabolite synthesis, leading to immunological and metabolic dysregulation. Of note, microbiota in the gut produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, and remodeling in these microbiota metabolites has been linked to the pathophysiology of a number of autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we will address the most recent findings from the most noteworthy studies investigating the impact of microbiota SCFAs on various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Jahankhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Moradi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Melika Gorgani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafaghat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mirsanei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Mehmandar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Liu Y, Zhong W, Li X, Shen F, Ma X, Yang Q, Hong S, Sun Y. Diets, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:268-284. [PMID: 37325710 PMCID: PMC10260722 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms, estimated trillions of them, which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients. In the past decades, the new generation 'omics' (metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) technologies made it possible to precisely identify microbiota and metabolites and describe their variability between individuals, populations and even different time points within the same subjects. With massive efforts made, it is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota is a dynamically changing population, whose composition is influenced by the hosts' health conditions and lifestyles. Diet is one of the major contributors to shaping the gut microbiota. The components in the diets vary in different countries, religions, and populations. Some special diets have been adopted by people for hundreds of years aiming for better health, while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent studies based on volunteers or diet-treated animals demonstrated that diets can greatly and rapidly change the gut microbiota. The unique pattern of the nutrients from the diets and their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota has been linked with the occurrence of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neural diseases, and more. This review will summarize the recent progress and current understanding of the effects of different dietary patterns on the composition of gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites, and their effects on the host's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wanglei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442001 Hubei China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501 USA
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16
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Golpour F, Abbasi-Alaei M, Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Parvardeh S, Mohammadi G, Nassiri-Asl M. Short chain fatty acids, a possible treatment option for autoimmune diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114763. [PMID: 37105078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can interact with the immune system through its metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as one of the most abundant metabolites of the resident gut microbiota play an important role in this crosstalk. SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) regulate nearly every type of immune cell in the gut's immune cell repertoire regarding their development and function. SCFAs work through several pathways to impose protection towards colonic health and against local or systemic inflammation. Additionally, SCFAs play a role in the regulation of immune or non-immune pathways that can slow the development of autoimmunity either systematically or in situ. The present study aims to summarize the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory roles of SCFAs and the association between the SCFAs and autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other immune-mediated diseases, uncovering a brand-new therapeutic possibility to prevent or treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Golpour
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Abbasi-Alaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Soleimani Jevinani S, Mohammad Rahimi H, Asri N, Rostami-Nejad M, Ahmadipour S, Mirjalali H. Molecular epidemiology and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in celiac patients; a case control study. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106086. [PMID: 36963704 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protist, reported from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Blastocystis sp. has been reported from a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, which leads to the lack of tolerance against gluten. Long-term following of gluten-free diet in CD patients decreases the gut microbiota restoration and probably decreases the chance of Blastocystis sp. colonization. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in CD patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Stool samples were collected from 238 participants including 92 confirmed CD patients and 146 healthy subjects. upon DNA extraction, the presence of Blastocystis sp. was evaluated using amplification of discriminative regions of the small ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene. To characterize subtypes and alleles, amplified fragments were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to visualize subtype correlation. Our findings showed that 21% (50) of samples including 16.3% (15/92) and 23.97% (35/146) were positive for Blastocystis sp. in CD patients and healthy controls, respectively. Except family relationship, other variables were not statistical correlated with the presence of Blastocystis sp.. Totally, 25 samples were successfully sequenced. Accordingly, ST1, ST2, and ST3 were present in 8 (32%), 9 (36%), and 8 (32%) of the samples, respectively. Allele discrimination showed that all ST1 were allele 4; alleles 11, 9, and 12 were retrieved from ST2, and alleles 34, 36, and 38 were observed in ST3. The relationship between colonization of Blastocystis sp. and alteration in the gut microbiota composition is indeterminate, however, this hypothesis that lower prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in CD patients who follow a gluten-free diet affect the colonization of Blastocystis sp. via alteration in the gut microbiota composition could be interesting for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Nissen L, Casciano F, Di Nunzio M, Galaverna G, Bordoni A, Gianotti A. Effects of the replacement of nitrates/nitrites in salami by plant extracts on colon microbiota. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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19
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Fenneman AC, Weidner M, Chen LA, Nieuwdorp M, Blaser MJ. Antibiotics in the pathogenesis of diabetes and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:81-100. [PMID: 36258032 PMCID: PMC9898198 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic use is increasing worldwide. However, the use of antibiotics is clearly associated with changes in gut microbiome composition and function, and perturbations have been identified as potential environmental risk factors for chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. In this Review, we examine the association between the use of antibiotics and the onset and development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as coeliac disease and eosinophilic oesophagitis. We discuss the key findings of epidemiological studies, provide mechanistic insights into the pathways by which the gut microbiota might contribute to these diseases, and assess clinical trials investigating the effects of antibiotics. Such studies indicate that antibiotic exposures, varying in type, timing and dosage, could explain differences in disease risk. There seems to be a critical window in early life in which perturbation of the microbiome has a substantial effect on disease development. Identifying the antibiotic-perturbed gut microbiota as a factor that contributes to the pathophysiology of these inflammatory disorders might stimulate new approaches to prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C. Fenneman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa Weidner
- Department of Paediatrics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lea Ann Chen
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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20
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Beneficial metabolic transformations and prebiotic potential of hemp bran and its alcalase hydrolysate, after colonic fermentation in a gut model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1552. [PMID: 36707683 PMCID: PMC9883387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp seed bran (HB) is an industrial food byproduct that is generally discarded. Knowledge on the functional capabilities of HB is limited and it is not known the impact of HB on human colon microbiota, where vegetable fibers are metabolized. In this work, we investigated in depth the prebiotic potential of HB and HB protein extract hydrolyzed by alcalase (HBPA) in comparison to fructooligosaccharides (FOS) after human distal colonic fermentation using MICODE (multi-unit in vitro colon gut model). During the 24 h of fermentation, metabolomics (SPME GC/MS) and microbiomics (MiSeq and qPCR) analyses were performed. The results indicated that HBPA on a colonic fermentation had a higher prebiotic index than HB (p < 0.05), and slightly lower to that of FOS (p > 0.05). This feature was described and explained as HBPA colonic fermentation produces beneficial organic fatty acids (e.g. Pentanoic and Hexanoic acids); reduces detrimental phenol derivates (e.g. p-Cresol); produces bioactives VOCs (e.g. Acetophenone or 4-Terpineol); increases beneficial bacteria (e.g. 1.76 fold and 2.07 fold more of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bacteroides fragilis, respectively) and limits opportunistic bacteria (e.g. 3.04 fold and 2.07 fold less of Bilophila wadsworthia and Desulfovibrio, respectively). Our study evidenced the prebiotic role of HB and HBPA, and within the principles of OneHealth it valorizes a byproduct from the queen plant of sustainable crops as a food supplement.
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Structure and Function Analysis of Cultivated Meconopsis integrifolia Soil Microbial Community Based on High-Throughput Sequencing and Culturability. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020160. [PMID: 36829439 PMCID: PMC9952792 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The structure, function, and community interactions of soil microbial communities of cultivated Meconopsis integrifolia were characterized by studying this alpine flower and traditional endangered Tibetan medicine. (2) Methods: Soil bacteria and fungi were studied based on high-throughput sequencing technology. Bacteria were isolated using culturomics and functionally identified as IAA-producing, organic phosphorus-dissolving, inorganic phosphorus-dissolving, and iron-producing carriers. (3) Results: The dominant bacterial phyla were found to be Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, and unclassified_Rhizobiales was the most abundant genus. Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal phyla. The bacteria were mainly carbon and nitrogen metabolizers, and the fungi were predominantly Saprotroph-Symbiotroph. The identified network was completely dominated by positive correlations, but the fungi were more complex than the bacteria, and the bacterial keystones were unclassified_Caulobacteraceae and Pedobacter. Most of the keystones of fungi belonged to the phyla Ascomycetes and Basidiomycota. The highest number of different species of culturable bacteria belonged to the genus Streptomyces, with three strains producing IAA, 12 strains solubilizing organic phosphorus, one strain solubilizing inorganic phosphorus, and nine strains producing iron carriers. (4) Conclusions: At the cost of reduced ecological stability, microbial communities increase cooperation toward promoting overall metabolic efficiency and enabling their survival in the extreme environment of the Tibetan Plateau. These pioneering results have value for the protection of endangered Meconopsis integrifolia under global warming and the sustainable utilization of its medicinal value.
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Wen Q, Myridakis A, Boshier PR, Zuffa S, Belluomo I, Parker AG, Chin ST, Hakim S, Markar SR, Hanna GB. A Complete Pipeline for Untargeted Urinary Volatolomic Profiling with Sorptive Extraction and Dual Polar and Nonpolar Column Methodologies Coupled with Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:758-765. [PMID: 36602225 PMCID: PMC9850407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Volatolomics offers an opportunity for noninvasive detection and monitoring of human disease. While gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) remains the technique of choice for analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), barriers to wider adoption in clinical practice still exist, including: sample preparation and introduction techniques, VOC extraction, throughput, volatolome coverage, biological interpretation, and quality control (QC). Therefore, we developed a complete pipeline for untargeted urinary volatolomic profiling. We optimized a novel extraction technique using HiSorb sorptive extraction, which exhibited high analytical performance and throughput. We achieved a broader VOC coverage by using HiSorb coupled with a set of complementary chromatographic methods and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we developed a data preprocessing strategy by evaluating internal standard normalization, batch correction, and we adopted strict QC measures including removal of nonlinearly responding, irreproducible, or contaminated metabolic features, ensuring the acquisition of high-quality data. The applicability of this pipeline was evaluated in a clinical cohort consisting of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 33), identifying four urinary candidate biomarkers (2-pentanone, hexanal, 3-hexanone, and p-cymene), which can successfully discriminate the cancer and noncancer subjects. This study presents an optimized, high-throughput, and quality-controlled pipeline for untargeted urinary volatolomic profiling. Use of the pipeline to discriminate PDAC from control subjects provides proof of principal of its clinical utility and potential for application in future biomarker discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Piers R. Boshier
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Department
of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Parker
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Sung-Tong Chin
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Hakim
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Sheraz R. Markar
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom,Nuffield
Department of Surgical Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - George B. Hanna
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom,
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23
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Neuman V, Pruhova S, Kulich M, Kolouskova S, Vosahlo J, Romanova M, Petruzelkova L, Havlik J, Mascellani A, Henke S, Sumnik Z, Cinek O. Changes in the gut bacteriome upon gluten-free diet intervention do not mediate beta cell preservation. Diabetologia 2023; 66:241-246. [PMID: 36194251 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We previously detected indications that beta cell function is protected by gluten-free diet (GFD) introduced shortly after the onset of childhood type 1 diabetes. The present aim was to assess whether GFD was associated with changes in the gut bacteriome composition and in its functional capacity, and whether such changes mediated the observed effects of GFD on beta cell function. METHODS Forty-five children (aged 10.2 ± 3.3 years) were recruited into a self-selected intervention trial primarily focused on determining the role of GFD on beta cell preservation ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02867436). Stool samples were collected prior to the dietary intervention and then at 3-month intervals. A total of 128 samples from the GFD group and 112 from the control group were analysed for bacteriome 16S rDNA community profiles, the bacteriome functional capacity was predicted using PICRUSt2 and actual gut metabolome profiles measured using NMR. Intestinal permeability was assessed using serum zonulin concentrations at 1, 6 and 12 months and lactulose/mannitol tests at the end of intervention. Dietary questionnaires were used to ensure that the dietary intervention did not result in differences in energy or nutrient intake. RESULTS The bacteriome community composition changed during the intervention with GFD: of abundant genera, a 3.3-fold decrease was noted for Bifidobacterium genus (adjusted p=1.4 × 10-4 in a DESeq2 model, p=0.026 in generalised estimating equations model), whereas a 2.4-fold increase was observed in Roseburia (adjusted p=0.02 in DESeq2 model, p=0.002 in generalised estimating equations model). The within-sample (alpha) diversity did not change, and there was no statistically significant clustering of GFD samples in the ordination graphs of beta diversity. Neither of the genera changes upon GFD intervention showed any association with the pace of beta cell loss (p>0.50), but of the remaining taxa, several genera of Bacteroidaceae family yielded suggestive signals. The faecal metabolome profile ordination correlated with that of bacteriomes but did not associate with GFD or categories of beta cell preservation. There was no indication of changes in gut permeability. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The bacteriome reacted to GFD, but the changes were unrelated to the pace of beta cell capacity loss. The previously observed moderately protective effect of GFD is therefore mediated through other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Neuman
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Kulich
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Vosahlo
- Department of Pediatrics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Romanova
- Department of Pediatrics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Petruzelkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Mascellani
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Svatopluk Henke
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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24
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Wiredu Ocansey DK, Hang S, Yuan X, Qian H, Zhou M, Valerie Olovo C, Zhang X, Mao F. The diagnostic and prognostic potential of gut bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2176118. [PMID: 36794838 PMCID: PMC9980661 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2176118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome serves as a signaling hub that integrates environmental inputs with genetic and immune signals to influence the host's metabolism and immunity. Gut bacteria are intricately connected with human health and disease state, with specific bacteria species driving the characteristic dysbiosis found in gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); thus, gut bacteria changes could be harnessed to improve IBD diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The advancement in next-generation sequencing techniques such as 16S rRNA and whole-genome shotgun sequencing has allowed the exploration of the complexity of the gut microbial ecosystem with high resolution. Current microbiome data is promising and appears to perform better in some studies than the currently used fecal inflammation biomarker, calprotectin, in predicting IBD from healthy controls and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study reviews current data on the differential potential of gut bacteria within IBD cohorts, and between IBD and other gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sanhua Hang
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China,Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China,CONTACT Fei Mao Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212013, China
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25
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Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415564. [PMID: 36555205 PMCID: PMC9779232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a complex multi-organ disease with a high prevalence of extra-intestinal involvement, including neurological and psychiatric manifestations, such as cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, headache, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, the mechanisms behind the neurological involvement in CD remain controversial. Recent evidence shows these can be related to gluten-mediated pathogenesis, including antibody cross-reaction, deposition of immune-complex, direct neurotoxicity, and in severe cases, vitamins or nutrients deficiency. Here, we have summarized new evidence related to gut microbiota and the so-called "gut-liver-brain axis" involved in CD-related neurological manifestations. Additionally, there has yet to be an agreement on whether serological or neurophysiological findings can effectively early diagnose and properly monitor CD-associated neurological involvement; notably, most of them can revert to normal with a rigorous gluten-free diet. Moving from a molecular level to a symptom-based approach, clinical, serological, and neurophysiology data might help to disentangle the many-faceted interactions between the gut and brain in CD. Eventually, the identification of multimodal biomarkers might help diagnose, monitor, and improve the quality of life of patients with "neuroCD".
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26
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Berryman MA, Milletich PL, Petrone JR, Roesch LF, Ilonen J, Triplett EW, Ludvigsson J. Autoimmune-associated genetics impact probiotic colonization of the infant gut. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102943. [PMID: 36356550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To exemplify autoimmune-associated genetic influence on the colonization of bacteria frequently used in probiotics, microbial composition of stool from 1326 one-year-old infants was analyzed in a prospective general-population cohort, All Babies In Southeast Sweden (ABIS). We show that an individual's HLA haplotype composition has a significant impact on which common Bifidobacterium strains thrive in colonizing the gut. The effect HLA has on the gut microbiome can be more clearly observed when considered in terms of allelic dosage. HLA DR1-DQ5 showed the most significant and most prominent effect on increased Bifidobacterium relative abundance. Therefore, HLA DR1-DQ5 is proposed to act as a protective haplotype in many individuals. Protection-associated HLA haplotypes are more likely to influence the promotion of specific bifidobacteria. In addition, strain-level differences are correlated with colonization proficiency in the gut depending on HLA haplotype makeup. These results demonstrate that HLA genetics should be considered when designing effective probiotics, particularly for those at high genetic risk for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Berryman
- Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia L Milletich
- Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph R Petrone
- Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luiz Fw Roesch
- Roesch Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria's Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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27
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Arcila-Galvis JE, Loria-Kohen V, Ramírez de Molina A, Carrillo de Santa Pau E, Marcos-Zambrano LJ. A comprehensive map of microbial biomarkers along the gastrointestinal tract for celiac disease patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956119. [PMID: 36177469 PMCID: PMC9513315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the microbiome has been related to Celiac disease (CeD) progress, an autoimmune disease characterized by gluten intolerance developed in genetically susceptible individuals under certain environmental factors. The microbiome contributes to CeD pathophysiology, modulating the immune response by the action of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), affecting gut barrier integrity allowing the entrance of gluten-derived proteins, and degrading immunogenic peptides of gluten through endoprolyl peptidase enzymes. Despite the evidence suggesting the implication of gut microbiome over CeD pathogenesis, there is no consensus about the specific microbial changes observed in this pathology. Here, we compiled the largest dataset of 16S prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene high-throughput sequencing for consensus profiling. We present for the first time an integrative analysis of metataxonomic data from patients with CeD, including samples from different body sites (saliva, pharynx, duodenum, and stool). We found the presence of coordinated changes through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characterized by an increase in Actinobacteria species in the upper GIT (pharynx and duodenum) and an increase in Proteobacteria in the lower GIT (duodenum and stool), as well as site-specific changes evidencing a dysbiosis in patients with CeD' microbiota. Moreover, we described the effect of adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) evidenced by an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in some Betaproteobacteriales but not fully restoring CeD-related dysbiosis. Finally, we built a Random Forest model to classify patients based on the lower GIT composition achieving good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Estefanía Arcila-Galvis
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition, and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Computational Epigenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Judith Marcos-Zambrano
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition, and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Red Beetroot Fermentation with Different Microbial Consortia to Develop Foods with Improved Aromatic Features. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193055. [PMID: 36230131 PMCID: PMC9562875 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European culinary culture relies on a wide range of fermented products of plant origin, produced mostly through spontaneous fermentation. Unfortunately, this kind of fermentations is difficult to standardize. Therefore, the use of commercial starter cultures is becoming common to achieve more stable, reproducible, and predictable results. Among plant-based fermentation processes, that of the red beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva) is scarcely described in the scientific literature. In this work, we compared different types of fermentation methods of beetroot and evaluated the processes' micro-biological, physico-chemical, structural, and volatilome features. A multi-variate analysis was used to match the production of specific VOCs to each starter and to define the correlations between the process variables and volatilome. Overall, the results showed a successful lactic acid fermentation. The analysis of the volatilome clearly discriminated the metabolic profiles of the different fermentations. Among them, the sample fermented with the mixture was the one with the most complex and diversified volatilome. Furthermore, samples did not appear softened after fermentation. Although this work had its weaknesses, such as the limited number of samples and variety, it may pave the way for the standardization of artisanal fermentation procedures of red beetroot in order to improve the quality and safety of the derived food products.
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29
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Zoghi S, Abbasi A, Heravi FS, Somi MH, Nikniaz Z, Moaddab SY, Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H. The gut microbiota and celiac disease: Pathophysiology, current perspective and new therapeutic approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2176-2196. [PMID: 36154539 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) as a chronic gluten-sensitive intestinal condition, mainly affects genetically susceptible hosts. The primary determinants of CD have been identified as environmental and genetic variables. The development of CD is significantly influenced by environmental factors, including the gut microbiome. Therefore, gut microbiome re-programming-based therapies using probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, gluten-free diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown promising results in the modification of the gut microbiome. Due to the importance and paucity of information regarding the CD pathophysiology, in this review, we have covered the association between CD development and gut microbiota, the effects of infectious agents, particularly the recent Covid-19 infection in CD patients, and the efficacy of potential therapeutic approaches in the CD have been discussed. Hence, scientific literature indicates that the diverse biological functions of the gut microbiota against immunomodulatory responses have made microbiome-based therapy an alternative therapeutic paradigm to ameliorate the symptoms of CD and quality of life. However, the exact potential of microbiota-based techniques that aims to quantitatively and qualitatively alter the gut microbiota to be used in the treatment and ameliorate the symptoms of CD will be determined with further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Zoghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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K-Clique Multiomics Framework: A Novel Protocol to Decipher the Role of Gut Microbiota Communities in Nutritional Intervention Trials. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080736. [PMID: 36005608 PMCID: PMC9412844 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of omics data providing information from different layers of complex biological processes that link nutrition to human health would benefit from the development of integrated approaches combining holistically individual omics data, including those associated with the microbiota that impacts the metabolisation and bioavailability of food components. Microbiota must be considered as a set of populations of interconnected consortia, with compensatory capacities to adapt to different nutritional intake. To study the consortium nature of the microbiome, we must rely on specially designed data analysis tools. The purpose of this work is to propose the construction of a general correlation network-based explorative tool, suitable for nutritional clinical trials, by integrating omics data from faecal microbial taxa, stool metabolome (1H NMR spectra) and GC-MS for stool volatilome. The presented approach exploits a descriptive paradigm necessary for a true multiomics integration of data, which is a powerful tool to investigate the complex physiological effects of nutritional interventions.
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31
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Di Profio E, Magenes VC, Fiore G, Agostinelli M, La Mendola A, Acunzo M, Francavilla R, Indrio F, Bosetti A, D’Auria E, Borghi E, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Special Diets in Infants and Children and Impact on Gut Microbioma. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153198. [PMID: 35956374 PMCID: PMC9370825 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex system that starts to take shape early in life. Several factors influence the rise of microbial gut colonization, such as term and mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, maternal diet, presence of siblings and family members, pets, genetics, local environment, and geographical location. Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and later dietary patterns during infancy and toddlerhood are major players in the proper development of microbial communities. Nonetheless, if dysbiosis occurs, gut microbiota may remain impaired throughout life, leading to deleterious consequences, such as greater predisposition to non-communicable diseases, more susceptible immune system and altered gut–brain axis. Children with specific diseases (i.e., food allergies, inborn errors of metabolism, celiac disease) need a special formula and later a special diet, excluding certain foods or nutrients. We searched on PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Embase for relevant pediatric studies published over the last twenty years on gut microbiota dietary patterns and excluded case reports or series and letters. The aim of this review is to highlight the changes in the gut microbiota in infants and children fed with special formula or diets for therapeutic requirements and, its potential health implications, with respect to gut microbiota under standard diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Acunzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Pediatric Section, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavia Indrio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
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32
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Merra G, Capacci A, De Lorenzo A, Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Frank G, Marchetti M. Does our microbiota eat with or without gluten? EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Merra
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Capacci
- 2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Agostino Gemelli General Hospital Foundation-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- 3School of Specialisation in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Barbosa JMG, de Mendonça DR, David LC, E Silva TC, Fortuna Lima DA, de Oliveira AE, Lopes WDZ, Fioravanti MCS, da Cunha PHJ, Antoniosi Filho NR. A cerumenolomic approach to bovine trypanosomosis diagnosis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:42. [PMID: 35739279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax, subgenus Duttonella) is a burden disease in bovines that induces losses of billions of dollars in livestock activity worldwide. To control the disease, the first step is identifying the infected animals at early stages. However, convention tools for animal infection detection by T. vivax present some challenges, facilitating the spread of the pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES This work aims to develop a new procedure to identify infected bovines by T. vivax using cerumen (earwax) in a volatilomic approach, here named cerumenolomic, which is performed in an easy, quick, accurate, and non-invasive manner. METHODS Seventy-eight earwax samples from Brazilian Curraleiro Pé-Duro calves were collected in a longitudinal study protocol during health and inoculated stages. The samples were analyzed using Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis approaches. RESULTS The cerumen analyses lead to the identification of a broad spectrum of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs), of which 20 VOMs can discriminate between healthy and infected calves (AUC = 0.991, sensitivity = 0.967, specificity = 1.000). Furthermore, 13 VOMs can indicate a pattern of discrimination between the acute and chronic phases of the T. vivax infection in the animals (AUC = 0.989, sensitivity = 0.944, specificity = 1.000). CONCLUSION The cerumen volatile metabolites present alterations in their occurrence during the T.vivax infection, which may lead to identifying the infection in the first weeks of inoculation and discriminating between the acute and chronic phases of the illness. These results may be a breakthrough to avoid the T. vivax outbreak and provide a faster clinical approach to the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora Ribeiro de Mendonça
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Lurian C David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Taynara C E Silva
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Danielly A Fortuna Lima
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Instituto de Química, UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Clorinda S Fioravanti
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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Vacca M, Porrelli A, Calabrese FM, Lippolis T, Iacobellis I, Celano G, Pinto D, Russo F, Giannelli G, De Angelis M. How Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights on Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859467. [PMID: 35814671 PMCID: PMC9260055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten from wheat and other cereals. Nowadays, its positive diagnosis is based on invasive approaches such as the histological examination of intestinal biopsies and positive serology screening of antibodies. After proven diagnosis, the only admissible treatment for CD individuals is strict life-long adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD), although it is not a conclusive therapy. Acting by different mechanisms and with different etiologies, both CD and GFD have a great impact on gut microbiota that result in a different taxa composition. Altered production of specific metabolites reflects these microbiota changes. In this light, the currently available literature reports some suggestions about the possible use of specific metabolites, detected by meta-omics analyses, as potential biomarkers for a CD non-invasive diagnosis. To highlight insights about metabolomics application in CD study, we conducted a narrative dissertation of selected original articles published in the last decade. By applying a systematic search, it clearly emerged how the metabolomic signature appears to be contradictory, as well as poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Porrelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Maria Calabrese,
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobellis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project-HMPA, Giuliani SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Wu L, Bao F, Li L, Yin X, Hua Z. Bacterially mediated drug delivery and therapeutics: Strategies and advancements. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114363. [PMID: 35649449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was already clinically apparent 150 years ago that bacterial therapy could alleviate diseases. Recently, a burgeoning number of researchers have been using bacterial regimens filled with microbial therapeutic leads to diagnose and treat a wide range of disorders and diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and viral infections. Some bacteria that were designed to have low toxicity and high efficiency in drug delivery have been used to treat diseases successfully, especially in tumor therapy in animal models or clinical trials, thanks to the progress of genetic engineering and synthetic bioengineering. Therefore, genetically engineered bacteria can serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles, carrying nucleic acids or genetic circuits that encode and regulate therapeutic payloads. In this review, we summarize the development and applications of this approach. Strategies for genetically modifying strains are described in detail, along with their objectives. We also describe some controlled strategies for drug delivery and release using these modified strains as carriers. Furthermore, we discuss treatment methods for various types of diseases using engineered bacteria. Tumors are discussed as the most representative example, and other diseases are also briefly described. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of drug delivery systems based on these bacteria.
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Kaliciak I, Drogowski K, Garczyk A, Kopeć S, Horwat P, Bogdański P, Stelmach-Mardas M, Mardas M. Influence of Gluten-Free Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Coeliac Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102083. [PMID: 35631222 PMCID: PMC9147811 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in microbiota composition during a gluten-free diet (GFD) in coeliac disease (CD) patients. The systematic search followed databases such as PUBMED (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and EMBASE. Out of 843 initially screened papers, a total number of 13 research papers were included. A total of 212 patients with CD on GFD, in comparison to 174 healthy individuals and 176 untreated patients with CD, were examined. Analysis of the microbial community based primarily on faecal samples and duodenal biopsies. Bifidobacterium was noticed to be less abundant in the study group than in both control groups, while the abundance of Bacteroides was more numerous in the group of CD patients on GFD. Staphylococcaceae prevailed in untreated CD patients. Despite the fact that the GFD was not able to fully restore commensal microorganism abundance, the treatment was associated with the greater abundance of selected beneficial bacteria and lower presence of pathogenic bacteria associated with worsening of CD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kaliciak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Konstanty Drogowski
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Garczyk
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Stanisław Kopeć
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Paulina Horwat
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Marta Stelmach-Mardas
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-697-424-245
| | - Marcin Mardas
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
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Zhang S, Zhu J. Untargeted Metabolomics Sensitively Differentiates Gut Bacterial Species in Single Culture and Co-Culture Systems. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14643-14652. [PMID: 35557670 PMCID: PMC9088763 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome plays a vital role in human health, and its characteristic has been widely identified through next-generation sequencing techniques. Although with great genomic insights into gut microbiome, its functional information is not clearly elaborated through metagenomic techniques. On the other hand, it is suggested that fecal metabolome can be used as a functional readout of the microbiome composition; therefore, we designed a proof-of-concept study to first characterize the metabolome of different gut microbes and then investigate the relationship between bacterial metabolomes and their compositions in co-culture systems. We selected eight representative bacteria species from Bifidobacterium (2), Bacteroides (1), Lactobacillus (4), and Akkermansia (1) genera as our model microbes. Liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics was utilized to explore the microbial metabolome of bacteria single cultures and co-culture systems. Through spectral comparisons, our results showed that untargeted metabolomics could capture the similarity and differences in metabolic profiles from eight representative gut bacteria. Also, untargeted metabolomics could sensitively differentiate gut bacterial species based on our statistical analyses. For example, citrulline and histamine levels were significantly different among four Lactobacillus species. In addition, in the co-culture systems with different bacteria population ratios, gut bacterial metabolomes can be used to quantitatively reflect bacterial population in a mixed culture. For instance, the relative abundance of 2-hydroxybutyric acid changed proportionately with the changed population ratio of Lactobacillus reuteri in the co-culture system. In summary, we proposed a workflow that could demonstrate the capability of untargeted metabolomics in differentiating gut bacterial species and detecting their characteristic metabolites proportionally to the microbial population in co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Human
Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human
Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- James
Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Aboulaghras S, Piancatelli D, Oumhani K, Balahbib A, Bouyahya A, Taghzouti K. Pathophysiology and immunogenetics of celiac disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 528:74-83. [PMID: 35120899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory enteropathy caused by gluten (protein from wheat, rye and, barley) in genetically predisposed individuals carrying the HLA-DQ2/HLA-DQ8 genotype. This pathology has a multifactorial etiology in which HLA genes, the microbiome, gluten and, other environmental factors are involved in the development of the disease. Its pathogenesis involves both innate and adaptive immunity as well as upregulation of IL-15. The objective of this review is to examine the results of current studies on genetic and environmental variables to better understand the pathogenesis of this enteropathy. The complex etiology of celiac disease makes our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease incomplete, and a better knowledge of the many genetic and environmental components would help us better understand the pathophysiology of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Daniela Piancatelli
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Khadija Oumhani
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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De Pablo-Fernandez E, Gebeyehu GG, Flain L, Slater R, Frau A, Ijaz UZ, Warner T, Probert C. The faecal metabolome and mycobiome in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 95:65-69. [PMID: 35045378 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut fungal composition and its metabolites have not been assessed simultaneously in Parkinson's disease (PD) despite their potential pathogenic contribution. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the faecal metabolome and mycobiome in PD by assessing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fungal rRNA. METHODS Faecal VOCs from 35 PD patients and two control groups (n = 35; n = 15) were assessed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. DNA was extracted from 44 samples: 18S rRNA gene amplicons were prepared and sequenced. Metabolomics, mycobiome and integrated analyses were performed. RESULTS Several VOCs were more abundant and short chain fatty acids were less abundant in PD. Hanseniaspora, Kazachstania, uncultured Tremellaceae and Penicillium genera were more abundant, and Saccharomyces less abundant in PD (FDR<0.0007). Torulaspora was associated with PD and two VOCs. CONCLUSION PD patients had a distinct metabolome and mycobiome suggesting that fungal dysbiosis may contribute to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De Pablo-Fernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Gerum Gashaw Gebeyehu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, Nuffield Building, Crown Street, L69 3GE, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Luke Flain
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, Nuffield Building, Crown Street, L69 3GE, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Slater
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, Nuffield Building, Crown Street, L69 3GE, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Frau
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, Nuffield Building, Crown Street, L69 3GE, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Probert
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, Nuffield Building, Crown Street, L69 3GE, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Preserved central cholinergic functioning to transcranial magnetic stimulation in de novo patients with celiac disease. PLoS One 2021. [PMID: 34914787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261373.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is now viewed as a systemic disease with multifaceted clinical manifestations. Among the extra-intestinal features, neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are still a diagnostic challenge, since they can precede or follow the diagnosis of CD. In particular, it is well known that some adults with CD may complain of cognitive symptoms, that improve when the gluten-free diet (GFD) is started, although they may re-appear after incidental gluten intake. Among the neurophysiological techniques, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can non-invasively probe in vivo the excitation state of cortical areas and cortico-spinal conductivity, being also able to unveil preclinical impairment in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as in some systemic diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), such as CD. We previously demonstrated an intracortical disinhibition and hyperfacilitation of MEP responses to TMS in newly diagnosed patients. However, no data are available on the central cholinergic functioning indexed by specific TMS measures, such as the short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), which might represent the neurophysiological correlate of cognitive changes in CD patients, also at the preclinical level. METHODS Cognitive and depressive symptoms were screened by means of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), respectively, in 15 consecutive de novo CD patients and 15 healthy controls. All patients were on normal diet at the time of the enrolment. Brain computed tomography (CT) was performed in all patients. SAI, recorded at two interstimulus intervals (2 and 8 ms), was assessed as the percentage amplitude ratio between the conditioned and the unconditioned MEP response. Resting motor threshold, MEP amplitude and latency, and central motor conduction time were also measured. RESULTS The two groups were comparable for age, sex, anthropometric features, and educational level. Brain CT ruled out intracranial calcifications and clear radiological abnormalities in all patients. Scores at MoCA and HDRS were significantly worse in patients than in controls. The comparison of TMS data between the two groups revealed no statistically significant difference for all measures, including SAI at both interstimulus intervals. CONCLUSIONS Central cholinergic functioning explored by the SAI of the motor cortex resulted to be not affected in these de novo CD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls. Although the statistically significant difference in MoCA, an overt cognitive impairment was not clinically evident in CD patients. Coherently, to date, no study based on TMS or other diagnostic techniques has shown any involvement of the central acetylcholine or the cholinergic fibers within the CNS in CD. This finding might add support to the vascular inflammation hypothesis underlying the so-called "gluten encephalopathy", which seems to be due to an aetiology different from that of the cholinergic dysfunction. Longitudinal studies correlating clinical, TMS, and neuroimaging data, both before and after GFD, are needed.
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Wu X, Qian L, Liu K, Wu J, Shan Z. Gastrointestinal microbiome and gluten in celiac disease. Ann Med 2021; 53:1797-1805. [PMID: 34647492 PMCID: PMC8519548 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1990392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD), also known as gluten sensitive enteropathy, is an autoimmune intestinal disease induced by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Gluten is a common ingredient in daily diet and is one of the main environmental factors to induce coeliac disease. Adhering to gluten free diet (GFD) is an effective method for treating CD. Microbiota plays an extremely important role in maintaining human health, and diet is the main factor to regulate the composition and function of gut microbiota. Recent studies have shown that gluten metabolism is closely related to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota. With the increasing prevalence of coeliac disease, there is a need for alternative treatments to GFD. In this review, biological medication of gluten, relationship between gluten and gut microflora, effect of GFD on GIT microflora, and effect of probiotics on CD were reviewed. By analysing the research progress on relationship between gluten and gastrointestinal microbiome in coeliac disease, this review tried to explore the prospective and potential mechanism of microecological agents in treating coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Drum Tower Clinical Medicine College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaowei Shan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wheat Breeding, Fertilizers, and Pesticides: Do They Contribute to the Increasing Immunogenic Properties of Modern Wheat? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord3040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a small intestinal inflammatory condition where consumption of gluten induces a T-cell mediated immune response that damages the intestinal mucosa in susceptible individuals. CD affects at least 1% of the world’s population. The increasing prevalence of CD has been reported over the last few decades. However, the reason for this increase is not known so far. Certain factors such as increase in awareness and the development of advanced and highly sensitive diagnostic screening markers are considered significant factors for this increase. Wheat breeding strategies, fertilizers, and pesticides, particularly herbicides, are also thought to have a role in the increasing prevalence. However, less is known about this issue. In this review, we investigated the role of these agronomic practices in depth. Our literature-based results showed that wheat breeding, use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, and herbicides cannot be solely responsible for the increase in celiac prevalence. However, applying nitrogen fertilizers is associated with an increase in gluten in wheat, which increases the risk of developing celiac-specific symptoms in gluten-sensitive individuals. Additionally, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) techniques can edit multiple gliadin genes, resulting in a low-immunogenic wheat variety that is safe for such individuals.
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Mehrotra I, Serena G, Cetinbas M, Kenyon V, Martin VM, Harshman SG, Zomorrodi AR, Sadreyev RI, Fasano A, Leonard MM. Characterization of the blood microbiota in children with Celiac disease. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100069. [PMID: 34841359 PMCID: PMC8610358 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that can develop in genetically predisposed individuals. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been suggested to contribute to development of autoimmune conditions including CD. Recent work suggests the existence of a blood microbiota. Evidence that alterations in the blood microbiota potentially influence the development of chronic immune based diseases is increasing. However, there is no published literature regarding the blood microbiota in children, including those with CD. This study aimed to characterize the diversity and taxonomic composition of the blood microbiota of children with CD compared to controls. Whole blood samples were collected from children with active CD, CD in remission, and control subjects and 16S rRNA sequencing was utilized to analyze the blood microbiota. We found 16s rRNA present throughout all pediatric blood samples, providing evidence for the presence of a pediatric blood microbiota. We found significant differences in beta diversity and in abundance of certain taxa (Campylobacterales order, Odoribacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae families, Odoribacter genus and species, and Bacteroides acidifaciens species) between subjects with active CD and controls. These taxa have been previously reported to be associated with immune response and gut-inflammatory diseases. We did not find significant differences between subjects with active and remission CD or between remission CD and controls. Conclusions: We provide evidence for a pediatric blood microbiota and identified higher beta diversity and alterations in the composition of blood microbiota in subjects with active CD compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mehrotra
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Suite 6B, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gloria Serena
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Suite 6B, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Jackson, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN7250 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Victoria Kenyon
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Suite 6B, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Jackson, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria M. Martin
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Yawkey 6B-6800 Suite, 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Professional Office Building, Suite 530, 275 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie G. Harshman
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital: West End Apartments 2 Longfellow Place, Suite 200 Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ali R. Zomorrodi
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Suite 6B, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Jackson, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN7250 Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Suite 6B, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Jackson, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Yawkey 6B-6800 Suite, 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maureen M. Leonard
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Suite 6B, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Jackson, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Yawkey 6B-6800 Suite, 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Salamon D, Grzenda-Adamek Z, Krawczyk A, Duplaga M, Gosiewski T, Kowalska-Duplaga K. Changes in Diet and Anthropometric Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease-One Year of Follow-Up. Nutrients 2021; 13:4306. [PMID: 34959858 PMCID: PMC8703461 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) may cause numerous nutrient deficiencies that a proper gluten-free diet (GFD) should compensate for. The study group consists of 40 children, aged 8.43 years (SD 3.5), on average, in whom CD was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, immunological and histopathological results. The patients' height, weight, diet and biochemical tests were assessed three times: before diagnosis, after six months, and following one year of GFD. After one year, the patients' weight and height increased but nutritional status (body mass index, BMI percentile) did not change significantly. The children's diet before diagnosis was similar to that of the general Polish population: insufficient implementation of the dietary norm for energy, fiber, calcium, iodine, iron as well as folic acid, vitamins D, K, and E was observed. Over the year, the GFD of the children with CD did not change significantly for most of the above nutrients, or the changes were not significant for the overall assessment of the diet. Celiac patients following GFD may have a higher risk of iron, calcium and folate deficiencies. These results confirm the need for personalized nutritional education aimed at excluding gluten from the diet, as well as balancing the diet properly, in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Salamon
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zofia Grzenda-Adamek
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Duplaga
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gosiewski
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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Nissen L, Casciano F, Babini E, Gianotti A. The Exploitation of a Hempseed Byproduct to Produce Flavorings and Healthy Food Ingredients by a Fermentation Process. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122418. [PMID: 34946020 PMCID: PMC8707447 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the One Health principles in food science, the challenge to valorize byproducts from the industrial sector is open. Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) is considered an important icon of sustainability and as an alternative food source. Hemp seed bran, in particular, is a byproduct of industrial hemp seed processing, which is not yet valorized. The success, and a wider market diffusion of hemp seed for food applications, is hindered by its unpleasant taste, which is produced by certain compounds that generally overwhelm the pleasant bouquet of the fresh product. This research concerns the exploration of hemp seed bran through fermentation using beneficial lactobacilli, focusing on the sensorial and bioactive traits of the products when they are subjected to bacterial transformation. By studying of the aromatic profile formation during the fermentation process the aim was to modulate it in order to reduce off-odors without affecting the presence of healthy volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Applying multivariate analyses, it was possible to target the contribution of processing parameters to the generation of flavoring and bioactive compounds. To conclude, the fermentation process proposed was able to reduce unpleasant VOCs, whilst at the same time keeping the healthy ones, and it also improved nutritional quality, depending on time and bacterial starters. The fermentation proposed was a sustainable biotechnological approach that fitted perfectly with the valorization of hemp byproducts from the perspective of a green-oriented industrial process that avoids synthetic masking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nissen
- CIRI (Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.N.); (E.B.)
- DISTAL (Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, V. le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Flavia Casciano
- DISTAL (Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, V. le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elena Babini
- CIRI (Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.N.); (E.B.)
- DISTAL (Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences), Campus of Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- CIRI (Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.N.); (E.B.)
- DISTAL (Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, V. le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
- DISTAL (Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences), Campus of Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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46
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Fu Z, Jia Q, Zhang H, Kang L, Sun X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Hu P. Simultaneous quantification of eleven short-chain fatty acids by derivatization and solid phase microextraction - Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462680. [PMID: 34879311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
As metabolites of the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) played an important role in the diagnosis of the metabolic diseases. Because of the high polarity, high volatility and complex matrix of biological samples, the highly sensitive, selective and accurate method to determine SCFAs remains a major challenge. Herein, a new method for simultaneous quantification of eleven SCFAs by derivatization combined with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed. Isobutyl chloroformate coupled with isobutanol was used as the reaction reagent to derivatize SCFAs. The method validation data showed a satisfactory linearity with the linear regression coefficients (R) ranging from 0.9964 to 0.9996. The limit of detection (LOD) of all SCFAs ranges from 0.01 ng·mL-1 to 0.72 ng·mL-1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranges from 0.04 ng·mL-1 to 2.41 ng·mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSDs) ranged from 0.65% to 8.92% and 1.62% to 15.61%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 88.10% to 108.71%. Finally, the developed method was successfully used to determine SCFAs in mice fecal sample, and ten of the SCFAs were found in feces of mice, including formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P.R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
| | - Lu Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhi Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuerong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
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47
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Sample D, Fouhse J, King S, Huynh HQ, Dieleman LA, Willing BP, Turner J. Baseline Fecal Microbiota in Pediatric Patients With Celiac Disease Is Similar to Controls But Dissimilar After 1 Year on the Gluten-Free Diet. JPGN REPORTS 2021; 2:e127. [PMID: 37206457 PMCID: PMC10191547 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this pilot study were to examine fecal microbiota composition of pediatric patients with celiac disease (CD) before and after a 1-year gluten-free diet (GFD) and to determine the association with symptoms and anti-tissue transglutaminase (aTTG) antibody. Methods Stool samples were obtained from pediatric patients with CD and from healthy controls. Patients were classified by the presence (diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss) or absence (asymptomatic, headache, fatigue, etc.) of typical CD gastrointestinal symptoms and by aTTG normalization post-GFD intervention (< 7 U/mL). Fecal microbial composition was measured using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region. Results At diagnosis, 13 of 22 patients with CD had typical gastrointestinal symptoms, the remaining patients having atypical or asymptomatic presentations. After a 1-year GFD, all symptomatic patients improved and 9 of 19 had normalized aTTG. Prior to GFD, no distinct microbial signature was observed between patients and controls (P = 0.39). Post-GFD, patients with CD had a unique microbial signature with reductions in known fiber-degrading bacteria, including Blautia, Dorea, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella compared with controls. Within the patients with CD, microbial composition was not associated with reported symptom presentation or aTTG normalization. Conclusions Pediatric patients with CD only had a unique microbial signature compared with healthy controls when placed on the GFD. These results suggest that pediatric patients with CD may not have a unique fecal microbial signature indicative of inherent dysbiosis, in contrast to that suggested for older patients. In children with CD, diet may play a role in shaping microbial composition more so than disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dory Sample
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janelle Fouhse
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Seema King
- Department of Medicine, Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hien Q. Huynh
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Levinus A. Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Justine Turner
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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48
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Verdu EF, Schuppan D. Co-factors, Microbes, and Immunogenetics in Celiac Disease to Guide Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1395-1411.e4. [PMID: 34416277 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a frequent immune-mediated disease that affects not only the small intestine but also many extraintestinal sites. The role of gluten proteins as dietary triggers, HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 as major necessary genetic predisposition, and tissue transglutaminase (TG2) as mechanistically involved autoantigen, are unique features of CeD. Recent research implicates many cofactors working in synergism with these key triggers, including the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, nongluten dietary triggers, intestinal barrier defects, novel immune cell phenotypes, and mediators and cytokines. In addition, apart from HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8, multiple and complex predisposing genetic factors and interactions have been defined, most of which overlap with predispositions in other, usually autoimmune, diseases that are linked to CeD. The resultant better understanding of CeD pathogenesis, and its manifold manifestations has already paved the way for novel therapeutic approaches beyond the lifelong strict gluten-free diet, which poses a burden to patients and often does not lead to complete mucosal healing. Thus, supported by improved mouse models for CeD and in vitro organoid cultures, several targeted therapies are in phase 2-3 clinical studies, such as highly effective gluten-degrading oral enzymes, inhibition of TG2, cytokine therapies, induction of tolerance to gluten ingestion, along with adjunctive and preventive approaches using beneficial probiotics and micronutrients. These developments are supported by novel noninvasive markers of CeD severity and activity that may be used as companion diagnostics, allow easy-to perform and reliable monitoring of patients, and finally support personalized therapy for CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Verdu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology,Research Center for Immune Therapy and Celiac Center, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Microbiome signatures of progression toward celiac disease onset in at-risk children in a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020322118. [PMID: 34253606 PMCID: PMC8307711 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020322118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Other than exposure to gluten and genetic compatibility, the gut microbiome has been suggested to be involved in celiac disease (CD) pathogenesis by mediating interactions between gluten/environmental factors and the host immune system. However, to establish disease progression markers, it is essential to assess alterations in the gut microbiota before disease onset. Here, a prospective metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of infants at risk of CD was done to track shifts in the microbiota before CD development. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of gut microbiota, functional pathways, and metabolites, starting from 18 mo before CD onset, in 10 infants who developed CD and 10 matched nonaffected infants. Cross-sectional analysis at CD onset identified altered abundance of six microbial strains and several metabolites between cases and controls but no change in microbial species or pathway abundance. Conversely, results of longitudinal analysis revealed several microbial species/strains/pathways/metabolites occurring in increased abundance and detected before CD onset. These had previously been linked to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (e.g., Dialister invisus, Parabacteroides sp., Lachnospiraceae, tryptophan metabolism, and metabolites serine and threonine). Others occurred in decreased abundance before CD onset and are known to have anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., Streptococcus thermophilus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Clostridium clostridioforme). Additionally, we uncovered previously unreported microbes/pathways/metabolites (e.g., Porphyromonas sp., high mannose-type N-glycan biosynthesis, and serine) that point to CD-specific biomarkers. Our study establishes a road map for prospective longitudinal study designs to better understand the role of gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets to reestablish tolerance and/or prevent autoimmunity.
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Up-Regulation of Specific Bioactive Lipids in Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072271. [PMID: 34209150 PMCID: PMC8308317 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy linked to alterations of metabolism. Currently, limited untargeted metabolomic studies evaluating differences in the plasma metabolome of CD subjects have been documented. We engage in a metabolomic study that analyzes plasma metabolome in 17 children with CD treated with a gluten-free diet and 17 healthy control siblings in order to recognize potential changes in metabolic networks. Our data demonstrates the persistence of metabolic defects in CD subjects in spite of the dietary treatment, affecting a minor but significant fraction (around 4%, 209 out of 4893 molecular features) of the analyzed plasma metabolome. The affected molecular species are mainly, but not exclusively, lipid species with a particular affectation of steroids and derivatives (indicating an adrenal gland affectation), glycerophospholipids (to highlight phosphatidic acid), glycerolipids (with a special affectation of diacylglycerols), and fatty acyls (eicosanoids). Our findings are suggestive of an activation of the diacylglycerol-phosphatidic acid signaling pathway in CD that may potentially have detrimental effects via activation of several targets including protein kinases such as mTOR, which could be the basis of the morbidity and mortality connected with untreated CD. However, more studies are necessary to validate this idea regarding CD.
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