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Feng Y, Ren Y, Zhang H, Heng Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Halostachys caspica pathogenesis-related protein 10 acts as a cytokinin reservoir to regulate plant growth and development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116985. [PMID: 37180382 PMCID: PMC10169677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) proteins play a role in plant growth and development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we isolated a salt-induced PR-10 gene from the halophyte Halostachys caspica and named it HcPR10. HcPR10 was constitutively expressed during development and HcPR10 localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. HcPR10-mediated phenotypes including bolting, earlier flowering, increased branch number and siliques per plant are highly correlated with increased cytokinin levels in transgenic Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, increased levels of cytokinin in plants is temporally correlated with HcPR10 expression patterns. Although the expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes validated was not upregulated, cytokinin-related genes including chloroplast-related genes, cytokinin metabolism and cytokinin responses genes and flowering-related genes were significantly upregulated in the transgenic Arabidopsis compared to the wild type by transcriptome deep sequencing. Analysis of the crystal structure of HcPR10 revealed a trans-zeatin riboside (a type of cytokinin) located deep in its cavity, with a conserved conformation and protein-ligand interactions, supporting HcRP10 acts as a cytokinin reservoir. Moreover, HcPR10 in Halostachys caspica predominantly accumulated in vascular tissue, the site of long-distance translocation of plant hormones. Collectively, we draw that HcPR10 as a cytokinin reservoir induces cytokinin-related signal transduction in plants, thereby promoting plant growth and development. These findings could provide intriguing insights into the role of HcPR10 proteins in phytohormone regulation in plants and advance our understanding of cytokinin-mediated plant development and could facilitate the breeding of transgenic crops with earlier mature, higher yielding agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Feng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanpeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Youqiang Heng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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Song Q, Zhou M, Wang X, Brestic M, Liu Y, Yang X. RAP2.6 enhanced salt stress tolerance by reducing Na + accumulation and stabilizing the electron transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:134-143. [PMID: 36634508 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors of the AP2/ERF family are involved in plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we found RAP2.6, a transcription factor which belongs to the ERF subfamily, was responsive to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Under salt stress conditions, rap2.6 mutant seedlings were the sensitivity deficiency to salt stress which was reflected in higher germination rate and longer root length compared to the wild type. Also, the expressions of salt-related gene including SOS1, SOS2, SOS3, NHX1, NHX3, NHX5 and HKT1 in rap2.6 mutant seedlings were lower than the wild type under salt stress. rap2.6 mutant adult lacked salt stress tolerance based on the results of the phenotype, survival rates and ion leakage. Compared to wild type, rap2.6 mutant adult accumulated more Na+ in leaves and roots while the salt-related gene expressions were lower. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transport and PSII energy distribution in rap2.6 mutant plant leaves had been more seriously affected under salt stress conditions compared to the wild type. In summary, this study identified essential roles of RAP2.6 in regulating salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Song
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xipan Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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3
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Comparative Proteomic Analyses of Susceptible and Resistant Maize Inbred Lines at the Stage of Enations Forming following Infection by Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122604. [PMID: 36560608 PMCID: PMC9785138 DOI: 10.3390/v14122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is the main pathogen causing maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) in China. Typical enation symptoms along the abaxial leaf veins prevail in RBSDV-infected maize inbred line B73 (susceptible to RBSDV), but not in X178 (resistant to RBSDV). Observation of the microstructures of epidermal cells and cross section of enations from RBSDV-infected maize leaves found that the increase of epidermal cell and phloem cell numbers is associated with enation formation. To identify proteins associated with enation formation and candidate proteins against RBSDV infection, comparative proteomics between B73 and X178 plants were conducted using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) with leaf samples at the enation forming stage. The proteomics data showed that 260 and 316 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in B73 and X178, respectively. We found that the majority of DEPs are located in the chloroplast and cytoplasm. Moreover, RBSDV infection resulted in dramatic changes of DEPs enriched by the metabolic process, response to stress and the biosynthetic process. Strikingly, a cell number regulator 10 was significantly down-regulated in RBSDV-infected B73 plants. Altogether, these data will provide value information for future studies to analyze molecular events during both enation formation and resistance mechanism to RBSDV infection.
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Ghorbani R, Alemzadeh A, Razi H. Microarray analysis of transcriptional responses to salt and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02614. [PMID: 31844689 PMCID: PMC6895597 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray expression profile analysis is a useful approach to increase our knowledge about genes involved in regulatory networks and signal transduction pathways related to abiotic stress tolerance. Salt and drought, as two important abiotic stresses, adversely affect plant productivity in the world every year. To understand stress response mechanisms and identify genes and proteins which play critical roles in these mechanisms, the study of individual genes and proteins cannot be considered as an effective approach. On the other hand, the availability of new global data provides us an effective way to shed some light on the central role of molecules involved in stress response mechanisms in the plant. A meta-analysis of salt and drought stress responses was carried out using 38 samples of different experiments from leaves and roots of Arabidopsis plants exposed to drought and salt stresses. We figured out the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was higher in roots under both stresses. Also, we found that the number of common DEGs under both stresses was more in roots and also the number of common DEGs in both tissues under salt stress was more than drought stress. The highest percent of DEGs was related to cell and cell part (about 87%). Around 9% and 7% of DEGs in roots and leaves encoded transcription factors, respectively. Network analysis revealed that three transcription factor families HSF, AP2/ERF and C2H2, may have critical roles in salt and drought stress response mechanisms in Arabidopsis and some proteins like STZ may be introduced as a new candidate gene for enhancing salt and drought tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Alemzadeh
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Shin SJ, Lee JH, Kwon HB. Genome-wide identification and characterization of drought responsive MicroRNAs in Solanum tuberosum L. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Michlmayr H, Varga E, Lupi F, Malachová A, Hametner C, Berthiller F, Adam G. Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Glucosides of Zearalenone and α-/β-Zearalenol by Recombinant Barley Glucosyltransferase HvUGT14077. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E58. [PMID: 28208765 PMCID: PMC5331437 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin occurring in Fusarium-infected cereals. Glucosylation is an important plant defense mechanism and generally reduces the acute toxicity of mycotoxins to humans and animals. Toxicological information about ZEN-glucosides is limited due to the unavailability of larger amounts required for animal studies. HvUGT14077, a recently-validated ZEN-conjugating barley UDP-glucosyltransferase was expressed in Escherichia coli, affinity purified, and characterized. HvUGT14077 possesses high affinity (Km = 3 µM) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km = 190 s-1·mM-1) with ZEN. It also efficiently glucosylates the phase-I ZEN-metabolites α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, with kcat/Km of 40 and 74 s-1·mM-1, respectively. HvUGT14077 catalyzes O-glucosylation at C-14 and C-16 with preference of 14-glucoside synthesis. Furthermore, relatively slow consecutive formation of 14,16-di-glucosides was observed; their structures were tentatively identified by mass spectrometry and for ZEN-14,16-di-glucoside confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Recombinant HvUGT14077 allowed efficient preparative synthesis of ZEN-glucosides, yielding about 90% ZEN-14-glucoside and 10% ZEN-16-glucoside. The yield of ZEN-16-glucoside could be increased to 85% by co-incubation with a β-glucosidase highly selective for ZEN-14-glucoside. Depletion of the co-substrate UDP-glucose was counteracted by a sucrose synthase based regeneration system. This strategy could also be of interest to increase the yield of minor glucosides synthesized by other glucosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Michlmayr
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Francesca Lupi
- Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via-Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Malachová
- Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Christian Hametner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Peng Y, Ma X, Huang L, Yan Y. Physiological and iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Function of Spermidine on Improving Drought Tolerance in White Clover. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1563-79. [PMID: 27030016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous spermidine interacting with phytohormones may be involved in the regulation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with drought tolerance in white clover. Plants treated with or without spermidine (50 μM) were subjected to 20% PEG 6000 nutrient solution to induce drought stress (50% leaf-relative water content). The results showed that increased endogenous spermidine induced by exogenous spermidine altered endogenous phytohormones in association with improved drought tolerance, as demonstrated by the delay in water-deficit development, improved photosynthesis and water use efficiency, and lower oxidative damage. As compared to untreated plants, Spd-treated plants maintained a higher abundance of DEPs under drought stress involved in (1) protein biosynthesis (ribosomal and chaperone proteins); (2) amino acids synthesis; (3) the carbon and energy metabolism; (4) antioxidant and stress defense (ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and dehydrins); and (5) GA and ABA signaling pathways (gibberellin receptor GID1, ABA-responsive protein 17, and ABA stress ripening protein). Thus, the findings of proteome could explain the Spd-induced physiological effects associated with drought tolerance. The analysis of functional protein-protein networks further proved that the alteration of endogenous spermidine and phytohormones induced the interaction among ribosome, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. These differences could contribute to improved drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130, China
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Castro A, Vidal S, Ponce de León I. Moss Pathogenesis-Related-10 Protein Enhances Resistance to Pythium irregulare in Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:580. [PMID: 27200053 PMCID: PMC4850436 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to pathogen infection by activating signaling pathways leading to the accumulation of proteins with diverse roles in defense. Here, we addressed the functional role of PpPR-10, a pathogenesis-related (PR)-10 gene, of the moss Physcomitrella patens, in response to biotic stress. PpPR-10 belongs to a multigene family and encodes a protein twice the usual size of PR-10 proteins due to the presence of two Bet v1 domains. Moss PR-10 genes are differentially regulated during development and inoculation with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Specifically, PpPR-10 transcript levels increase significantly by treatments with elicitors of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, spores of B. cinerea, and the defense hormone salicylic acid. To characterize the role of PpPR-10 in plant defense against pathogens, we conducted overexpression analysis in P. patens and in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that constitutive expression of PpPR-10 in moss tissues increased resistance against the oomycete Pythium irregulare. PpPR-10 overexpressing moss plants developed less symptoms and decreased mycelium growth than wild type plants. In addition, PpPR-10 overexpressing plants constitutively produced cell wall depositions in protonemal tissue. Ectopic expression of PpPR-10 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance against P. irregulare as well, evidenced by smaller lesions and less cellular damage compared to wild type plants. These results indicate that PpPR-10 is functionally active in the defense against the pathogen P. irregulare, in both P. patens and Arabidopsis, two evolutionary distant plants. Thus, P. patens can serve as an interesting source of genes to improve resistance against pathogen infection in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Castro
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sabina Vidal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Inés Ponce de León,
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Ramalingam A, Kudapa H, Pazhamala LT, Garg V, Varshney RK. Gene Expression and Yeast Two-Hybrid Studies of 1R-MYB Transcription Factor Mediating Drought Stress Response in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1117. [PMID: 26734027 PMCID: PMC4689849 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress has been one of the serious constraints affecting chickpea productivity to a great extent. Genomics-assisted breeding has a potential to accelerate breeding precisely and efficiently. In order to do so, understanding the molecular mechanisms for drought tolerance and identification of candidate genes are crucial. Transcription factors (TFs) have important roles in the regulation of plant stress related genes. In this context, quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to study the differential gene expression of selected TFs, identified from large-scale expressed sequence tags (ESTs) analysis, in contrasting drought responsive genotypes. Root tissues of ICC 4958 (tolerant), ICC 1882 (sensitive), JG 11 (elite), and JG 11+ (introgression line) were used for the study. Subsequently, a candidate single repeat MYB (1R-MYB) transcript that was remarkably induced in the drought tolerant genotypes under drought stress was cloned (coding sequence region for the 1R-MYB protein) and subjected to yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis. The screening of a root cDNA library with Y2H using the 1R-MYB bait protein, identified three CDS encoding peptides namely, galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase 2, CBL (Calcineurin B-like)-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 25, and ABA responsive 17-like, which were confirmed by co-transformation in yeast. These findings provide preliminary insights into the ability of this 1R-MYB transcription factor to co-regulate drought tolerance mechanism in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Ramalingam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Lekha T. Pazhamala
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Vanika Garg
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
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10
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High efficiency transformation of banana [Musa acuminata L. cv. Matti (AA)] for enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stress through overexpression of a peanut salinity-induced pathogenesis-related class 10 protein. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:27-35. [PMID: 25173686 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp. L.) are important subsistence crops and premium export commodity in several countries, and susceptible to a wide range of environmental and biotic stress conditions. Here, we report efficient, rapid, and reproducible Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of an Indian niche cultivar of banana [M. acuminata cv. Matti (AA)]. Apical meristem-derived highly proliferative multiple shoot clump (MSC) explants were transformed with the Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA-1301 carrying hptII and uidA. Sequential agro-infiltration (10 min, 400 mmHg), infection (additional 35 min, Agrobacterium density A 600 = 0.8) and co-cultivation (18 h) regimen in 100 µM acetosyringone containing liquid medium were critical factors yielding high transformation efficiency (~81 %) corroborated by transient GUS expression assay. Stable transgenic events were recovered following two cycles of meristem initiation and selection on hygromycin containing medium. Histochemical GUS assay in several tissues of transgenic plants and molecular analyses confirmed stable integration and expression of transgene. The protocol described here allowed recovery of well-established putative transgenic plantlets in as little as 5 months. The transgenic banana plants could be readily acclimatized under greenhouse conditions, and were phenotypically similar to the wild-type untransformed control plants (WT). Transgenic plants overexpressing Salinity-Induced Pathogenesis-Related class 10 protein gene from Arachis hypogaea (AhSIPR10) in banana cv. Matti (AA) showed better photosynthetic efficiency and less membrane damage (P < 0.05) in the presence of NaCl and mannitol in comparison to WT plants suggesting the role of AhSIPR10 in better tolerance of salt stress and drought conditions.
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Li Y, Gu M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Fan H, Li P, Li Z, Xu G. Engineering a sensitive visual-tracking reporter system for real-time monitoring phosphorus deficiency in tobacco. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:674-84. [PMID: 25187932 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant phosphorus (P) diagnosis is widely used for monitoring P status and guiding P fertilizer application in field conditions. The common methods for predicting plant response to P are time- and labour-consuming chemical measurements of the extractable soil P and plant P concentrations. In this study, we successfully generated a visual reporter system in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to monitor plant P status by expressing of a Purple gene (Pr) isolated from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) driven by the promoter (Pro) of OsPT6, a P-starvation-induced rice gene. The leaves of OsPT6pro::Pr (PT6pro::Pr) transgenic tobacco continuously turned into dark purple with the increase of duration and severity of P deficiency, and recovered rapidly to basal green colour upon resupply of P. The expression of several anthocyanin biosynthesis involving genes was strongly activated in the transgenic tobacco in comparison to wild type under P-deficient condition. Such additive purple colour was not detected by deficiencies of other major- and micronutrients or stresses of salt, drought and cold. There was an extremely high correlation between P concentration and anthocyanin accumulation in the transgenic tobacco leaves. Using a hyperspectral sensing technology, P concentration in the leaves of transgenic plants could be predicted by the reflectance spectra at 554 nm wavelength with approximately 0.16 as the threshold value of the P deficiency. Taken together, the colour-based visual reporter system could be specifically and readily used for monitoring the plant P status by naked eyes and accurately assessed by spectral reflectance.
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12
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Pathogenesis related-10 proteins are small, structurally similar but with diverse role in stress signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:599-611. [PMID: 24343423 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis related-10 proteins are small proteins with cytosolic localization, conserved three dimensional structures and single intron at 185 bp position. These proteins have a broad spectrum of roles significantly in biotic and abiotic stresses. The RNase activity, ligand binding activity, posttranslational modification (phosphorylation) and phytohormone signaling provide some information into the mechanism of the regulation of PR-10 proteins, however the presence of isoforms makes it difficult to decipher its exact mode of function. The involvement of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events in its activation is interesting and provides unique and unbiased insights into the complexity of its regulation. Studies on upstream region of different PR-10 genes indicate the presence of cis-acting elements for WRKY, RAVI, bZ1P, ERF, SEBF and Pti4 transcription factors indicating their role in regulating PR-10 promoter. In this review, we discuss in detail the structure and mechanism of regulation of PR-10 proteins.
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13
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Aizat WM, Able JA, Stangoulis JCR, Able AJ. Proteomic analysis during capsicum ripening reveals differential expression of ACC oxidase isoform 4 and other candidates. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:1115-1128. [PMID: 32481179 DOI: 10.1071/fp12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) is categorised as a non-climacteric fruit that exhibits limited ethylene production during ripening and the molecular mechanisms associated with this process are poorly understood. A proteomic approach was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins during various ripening stages (Green (G), Breaker Red 1 (BR1) and Light Red (LR)) and the genes associated with their synthesis. From 2D gel electrophoresis (2DGE), seven protein spots were identified as selectively present either in G or BR1 and are involved in carbon metabolism, colour and fruit development, protein synthesis and chaperones or biosynthesis of amino acids and polyamines. One candidate of interest, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACO) is known to be involved in ethylene biosynthesis and was only present in BR1 and is related to the tomato ACO isoform 4 (LeACO4) and hence named CaACO4. CaACO4 RNA expression as well as total ACO protein expression in multiple stages of ripening (G, Breaker (B), BR1, Breaker Red 2 (BR2), LR and Deep Red (DR)) corresponded to the 2DGE protein spot abundance in breaker stages. Our findings highlight the involvement of the ethylene pathway in non-climacteric fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan M Aizat
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Jason A Able
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- School of Biological Science, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Amanda J Able
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Brown RL, Menkir A, Chen ZY, Bhatnagar D, Yu J, Yao H, Cleveland TE. Breeding aflatoxin-resistant maize lines using recent advances in technologies - a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1382-91. [PMID: 23859902 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.812808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus infection of corn is a significant and chronic threat to corn being used as food or feed. Contamination of crops at levels of 20 ng g(-1) or higher (as regulated by the USFDA) by this toxin and potent carcinogen makes the crop unsalable, resulting in a significant economic burden on the producer. This review focuses on elimination of this contamination in corn which is a major US crop and the basis of many products. Corn is also "nature's example" of a crop containing heritable resistance to aflatoxin contamination, thereby serving as a model for achieving resistance to aflatoxin contamination in other crops as well. This crop is the largest production grain crop worldwide, providing food for billions of people and livestock and critical feedstock for production of biofuels. In 2011, the economic value of the US corn crop was US$76 billion, with US growers producing an estimated 12 billion bushels, more than one-third of the world's supply. Thus, the economics and significance of corn as a food crop and the threat to food safety due to aflatoxin contamination of this major food crop have prompted the many research efforts in many parts of the world to identify resistance in corn to aflatoxin contamination. Plant breeding and varietal selection has been used as a tool to develop varieties resistance to disease. This methodology has been employed in defining a few corn lines that show resistance to A. flavus invasion; however, no commercial lines have been marketed. With the new tools of proteomics and genomics, identification of resistance mechanisms, and rapid resistance marker selection methodologies, there is an increasing possibility of finding significant resistance in corn, and in understanding the mechanism of this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Brown
- Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA , USA
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15
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Le DT, Nishiyama R, Watanabe Y, Tanaka M, Seki M, Ham LH, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. Differential gene expression in soybean leaf tissues at late developmental stages under drought stress revealed by genome-wide transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49522. [PMID: 23189148 PMCID: PMC3505142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of complete genome sequence of soybean has allowed research community to design the 66 K Affymetrix Soybean Array GeneChip for genome-wide expression profiling of soybean. In this study, we carried out microarray analysis of leaf tissues of soybean plants, which were subjected to drought stress from late vegetative V6 and from full bloom reproductive R2 stages. Our data analyses showed that out of 46,093 soybean genes, which were predicted with high confidence among approximately 66,000 putative genes, 41,059 genes could be assigned with a known function. Using the criteria of a ratio change > = 2 and a q-value<0.05, we identified 1458 and 1818 upregulated and 1582 and 1688 downregulated genes in drought-stressed V6 and R2 leaves, respectively. These datasets were classified into 19 most abundant biological categories with similar proportions. There were only 612 and 463 genes that were overlapped among the upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively, in both stages, suggesting that both conserved and unconserved pathways might be involved in regulation of drought response in different stages of plant development. A comparative expression analysis using our datasets and that of drought stressed Arabidopsis leaves revealed the existence of both conserved and species-specific mechanisms that regulate drought responses. Many upregulated genes encode either regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors, including those with high homology to Arabidopsis DREB, NAC, AREB and ZAT/STZ transcription factors, kinases and two-component system members, or functional proteins, e.g. late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, defensins and glyoxalase I family proteins. A detailed analysis of the GmNAC family and the hormone-related gene category showed that expression of many GmNAC and hormone-related genes was altered by drought in V6 and/or R2 leaves. Additionally, the downregulation of many photosynthesis-related genes, which contribute to growth retardation under drought stress, may serve as an adaptive mechanism for plant survival. This study has identified excellent drought-responsive candidate genes for in-depth characterization and future development of improved drought-tolerant transgenic soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Le
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rie Nishiyama
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Le Huy Ham
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Nishiyama R, Le DT, Watanabe Y, Matsui A, Tanaka M, Seki M, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. Transcriptome analyses of a salt-tolerant cytokinin-deficient mutant reveal differential regulation of salt stress response by cytokinin deficiency. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32124. [PMID: 22355415 PMCID: PMC3280229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil destruction by abiotic environmental conditions, such as high salinity, has resulted in dramatic losses of arable land, giving rise to the need of studying mechanisms of plant adaptation to salt stress aimed at creating salt-tolerant plants. Recently, it has been reported that cytokinins (CKs) regulate plant environmental stress responses through two-component systems. A decrease in endogenous CK levels could enhance salt and drought stress tolerance. Here, we have investigated the global transcriptional change caused by a reduction in endogenous CK content under both normal and salt stress conditions. Ten-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (WT) and CK-deficient ipt1,3,5,7 plants were transferred to agar plates containing either 0 mM (control) or 200 mM NaCl and maintained at normal growth conditions for 24 h. Our experimental design allowed us to compare transcriptome changes under four conditions: WT-200 mM vs. WT-0 mM, ipt1,3,5,7-0 mM vs. WT-0 mM, ipt1,3,5,7-200 mM vs. ipt1,3,5,7-0 mM and ipt1,3,5,7-200 mM vs. WT-200 mM NaCl. Our results indicated that the expression of more than 10% of all of the annotated Arabidopsis genes was altered by CK deficiency under either normal or salt stress conditions when compared to WT. We found that upregulated expression of many genes encoding either regulatory proteins, such as NAC, DREB and ZFHD transcription factors and the calcium sensor SOS3, or functional proteins, such as late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases, glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, defensins and glyoxalase I family proteins, may contribute to improved salt tolerance of CK-deficient plants. We also demonstrated that the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and the upregulation of several NAC genes may cause the altered morphological phenotype of CK-deficient plants. This study highlights the impact of CK regulation on the well-known stress-responsive signaling pathways, which regulate plant adaptation to high salinity as well as other environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nishiyama
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Dung Tien Le
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Shi Y, Zhang X, Xu ZY, Li L, Zhang C, Schläppi M, Xu ZQ. Influence of EARLI1-like genes on flowering time and lignin synthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:731-9. [PMID: 21815977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
EARLI1 encodes a 14.7 kDa protein in the cell wall, is a member of the PRP (proline-rich protein) family and has multiple functions, including resistance to low temperature and fungal infection. RNA gel blot analyses in the present work indicated that expression of EARLI1-like genes, EARLI1, At4G12470 and At4G12490, was down-regulated in Col-FRI-Sf2 RNAi plants derived from transformation with Agrobacterium strain ABI, which contains a construct encoding a double-strand RNA targeting 8CM of EARLI1. Phenotype analyses revealed that Col-FRI-Sf2 RNAi plants of EARLI1 flowered earlier than Col-FRI-Sf2 wild-type plants. The average bolting time of Col-FRI-Sf2 and Col-FRI-Sf2 RNAi plants was 39.7 and 19.4 days, respectively, under a long-day photoperiod. In addition, there were significant differences in main stem length, internode number and rosette leaf number between Col-FRI-Sf2 and Col-FRI-Sf2 RNAi plants. RT-PCR showed that EARLI1-like genes might delay flowering time through the autonomous and long-day photoperiod pathways by maintaining the abundance of FLC transcripts. In Col-FRI-Sf2 RNAi plants, transcription of FLC was repressed, while expression of SOC1 and FT was activated. Microscopy observations showed that EARLI1-like genes were also associated with morphogenesis of leaf cells in Arabidopsis. Using histochemical staining, EARLI1-like genes were found to be involved in regulation of lignin synthesis in inflorescence stems, and Col-FRI-Sf2 and Col-FRI-Sf2 RNAi plants had 9.67% and 8.76% dry weight lignin, respectively. Expression analysis revealed that cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in lignin synthesis, was influenced by EARLI1-like genes. These data all suggest that EARLI1-like genes could control the flowering process and lignin synthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Jamil A, Riaz S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR. Gene Expression Profiling of Plants under Salt Stress. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2011; 30:435-458. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2011.605739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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Li D, Zhang Y, Hu X, Shen X, Ma L, Su Z, Wang T, Dong J. Transcriptional profiling of Medicago truncatula under salt stress identified a novel CBF transcription factor MtCBF4 that plays an important role in abiotic stress responses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:109. [PMID: 21718548 PMCID: PMC3146422 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress hinders the growth of plants and reduces crop production worldwide. However, different plant species might possess different adaptive mechanisms to mitigate salt stress. We conducted a detailed pathway analysis of transcriptional dynamics in the roots of Medicago truncatula seedlings under salt stress and selected a transcription factor gene, MtCBF4, for experimental validation. RESULTS A microarray experiment was conducted using root samples collected 6, 24, and 48 h after application of 180 mM NaCl. Analysis of 11 statistically significant expression profiles revealed different behaviors between primary and secondary metabolism pathways in response to external stress. Secondary metabolism that helps to maintain osmotic balance was induced. One of the highly induced transcription factor genes was successfully cloned, and was named MtCBF4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MtCBF4, which belongs to the AP2-EREBP transcription factor family, is a novel member of the CBF transcription factor in M. truncatula. MtCBF4 is shown to be a nuclear-localized protein. Expression of MtCBF4 in M. truncatula was induced by most of the abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, cold, and abscisic acid, suggesting crosstalk between these abiotic stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing MtCBF4 enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, and activated expression of downstream genes that contain DRE elements. Over-expression of MtCBF4 in M. truncatula also enhanced salt tolerance and induced expression level of corresponding downstream genes. CONCLUSION Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed complex mechanisms exist in plants in response to salt stress. The novel transcription factor gene MtCBF4 identified here played an important role in response to abiotic stresses, indicating that it might be a good candidate gene for genetic improvement to produce stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaona Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoye Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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20
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Lee OR, Pulla RK, Kim YJ, Balusamy SRD, Yang DC. Expression and stress tolerance of PR10 genes from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2365-74. [PMID: 21667108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related 10 protein families (PgPR10 proteins) from ginseng are reported to have ribonuclease activity, conferring defense-related resistance against various stresses. Homology-based PCR using PgPR10-2 specific primers allowed for the isolation of two additional PgPR10 genes. PgPR10-1 is identical to the previously reported ribonuclease 1, while PgPR10-3 is a newly-discovered protein, suggesting that the PgPR10s are a multi-gene family. Differential organ-specific transcripts of PgPR10-1 and PgPR10-2 in the flower bud and root, respectively, indicate that there are tissue-specific functional roles for this gene family. Overexpression of PgPR10-2 in Arabidopsis conferred longer root length and a tolerant growth phenotype on NaCl-supplemented media. Further changes in transcriptional levels against sets of abiotic stressors suggest similar functional roles of PgPR10-1 in the root and predominantly in the flower organ based on its higher expression levels. Overall, this suggests that the manipulation of PgPR10 genes in plants can be used as valuable tool to enhance its physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Ran Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Korea.
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21
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Feng Y, Peng H, Liang S. Molecular analysis of the PGYRP (proline-, glycine- and tyrosine-rich protein) gene family in soybean. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:2739-50. [PMID: 21104142 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genes coding for PGYRPs (proline-, glycine- and tyrosine-rich proteins) are widely distributed across eukaryotes and have been proposed to have critical role in plant development, especially in response to environmental stresses. In this study, total of 12 soybean PGYRPs (GmPGYRP1-12) were identified from the soybean genome database for the first time and full-length cDNA and DNA sequences of GmPGYRP7 was cloned. GmPGYRP1-12 genes encoded a set of small predicted proteins (<120 aa) with molecular mass of 7.20-13.29 kDa and isoelectric point of 4.06-6.57. All GmPGYRPs contained three exons and two introns with fixed occurring sites within genomic DNA sequences. In the putative GmPGYRP sequences, 4 amino acids (proline, glycine, tyrosine, and glutamine) account for more than 39% of the total protein composition. GmPGYRPs had a relatively flexible GYPPX motif followed by a highly conserved cysteine-rich domain (GCLAAXCCCCXLXC) and showed high similarity to other known PGYRPs, especially in C-terminal region. Most of PGYRPs can be divided into five subgroups according to phylogenetic analysis. The transcripts of GmPGYRP1, 3, 5, and 7, representing different PGYRP subgroups, appeared in different organs including seedling leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and developing seeds, but mainly accumulated in seedling roots. Furthermore, the expression of GmPGYRP1, 3, 5, and 7 was significantly regulated by drought, salt and cold, but obviously repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) at early stage. Our data suggest that GmPGYRP genes encoding a class of conservative XYPPX-repeat proteins probably play an important role in plant development as well as in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
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Husar S, Berthiller F, Fujioka S, Rozhon W, Khan M, Kalaivanan F, Elias L, Higgins GS, Li Y, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Seto H, Vaistij FE, Bowles D, Poppenberger B. Overexpression of the UGT73C6 alters brassinosteroid glucoside formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:51. [PMID: 21429230 PMCID: PMC3073898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassinosteroids (BRs) are signaling molecules that play essential roles in the spatial regulation of plant growth and development. In contrast to other plant hormones BRs act locally, close to the sites of their synthesis, and thus homeostatic mechanisms must operate at the cellular level to equilibrate BR concentrations. Whilst it is recognized that levels of bioactive BRs are likely adjusted by controlling the relative rates of biosynthesis and by catabolism, few factors, which participate in these regulatory events, have as yet been identified. Previously we have shown that the UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT73C5 of Arabidopsis thaliana catalyzes 23-O-glucosylation of BRs and that glucosylation renders BRs inactive. This study identifies the closest homologue of UGT73C5, UGT73C6, as an enzyme that is also able to glucosylate BRs in planta. RESULTS In a candidate gene approach, in which homologues of UGT73C5 were screened for their potential to induce BR deficiency when over-expressed in plants, UGT73C6 was identified as an enzyme that can glucosylate the BRs CS and BL at their 23-O-positions in planta. GUS reporter analysis indicates that UGT73C6 shows over-lapping, but also distinct expression patterns with UGT73C5 and YFP reporter data suggests that at the cellular level, both UGTs localize to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus. A liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry method for BR metabolite analysis was developed and applied to determine the kinetics of formation and the catabolic fate of BR-23-O-glucosides in wild type and UGT73C5 and UGT73C6 over-expression lines. This approach identified novel BR catabolites, which are considered to be BR-malonylglucosides, and provided first evidence indicating that glucosylation protects BRs from cellular removal. The physiological significance of BR glucosylation, and the possible role of UGT73C6 as a regulatory factor in this process are discussed in light of the results presented. CONCLUSION The present study generates essential knowledge and molecular and biochemical tools, that will allow for the verification of a potential physiological role of UGT73C6 in BR glucosylation and will facilitate the investigation of the functional significance of BR glucoside formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Husar
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wilfried Rozhon
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mamoona Khan
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Kalaivanan
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luisa Elias
- Center for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gillian S Higgins
- Center for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Hideharu Seto
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fabian E Vaistij
- Center for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dianna Bowles
- Center for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Krishnaswamy S, Verma S, Rahman MH, Kav NNV. Functional characterization of four APETALA2-family genes (RAP2.6, RAP2.6L, DREB19 and DREB26) in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 75:107-27. [PMID: 21069430 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors (TFs) play very important roles in plant growth and development and in defense response. Here, we report functional characterization of four AP2 TF family genes [(RAP2.6 (At1g43160), RAP2.6L (At5g13330), DREB 26 (At1g21910) and DREB19 (At2g38340)] that were identified among NaCl inducible transcripts in abscisic acid responsive 17 (ABR17) transgenic Arabidopsis in our previous microarray analyses. DREB19 and DREB26 function as transactivators and localize in the nucleus. All four genes were abundant in early vegetative and flowering stages, although the magnitude of the expression varied. We observed tissue specific expression patterns for RAP2.6, RAP2.6L, DREB19 and DREB26 in flowers and other organs. RAP2.6 and RAP2.6L were responsive to stress hormones like jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene in addition to salt and drought. DREB19 and DREB26 were less responsive to stress hormones, but the former was highly responsive to salt, heat and drought. Overexpression of RAP2.6 in Arabidopsis resulted in a dwarf phenotype with extensive secondary branching and small siliques, and DREB26 overexpression resulted in deformed plants. However, overexpression of RAP2.6L and DREB19 enhanced performance under salt and drought stresses without affecting phenotype. In summary, we have demonstrated that RAP2.6, RAP2.6L, DREB26 and DREB19 are transactivators, they exhibit tissue specific expression, and they participate in plant developmental processes as well as biotic and/or abiotic stress signaling. It is possible that the results from this study on these transcription factors, in particular RAP2.6L and DREB19, can be utilized in developing salt and drought tolerant plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Krishnaswamy
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Chen ZY, Brown RL, Damann KE, Cleveland TE. PR10 expression in maize and its effect on host resistance against Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:69-81. [PMID: 20078777 PMCID: PMC6640484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major crop susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection and subsequent contamination with aflatoxins, the potent carcinogenic secondary metabolites of the fungus. Protein profiles of maize genotypes resistant and susceptible to A. flavus infection and/or aflatoxin contamination have been compared, and several resistance-associated proteins have been found, including a pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR10). In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing technology was employed to further investigate the importance of PR10. An RNAi gene silencing vector was constructed and introduced into immature Hi II maize embryos through both bombardment and Agrobacterium infection procedures. PR10 expression was reduced by 65% to more than 99% in transgenic callus lines from bombardment. The RNAi-silenced callus lines also showed increased sensitivity to heat stress treatment. A similar reduction in PR10 transcript levels was observed in seedling leaf and root tissues developed from transgenic kernels. When inoculated with A. flavus, RNAi-silenced mature kernels produced from Agrobacterium-mediated transformation showed a significant increase in fungal colonization and aflatoxin production in 10 and six, respectively, of 11 RNAi lines compared with the non-silenced control. Further proteomic analysis of RNAi-silenced kernels revealed a significant reduction in PR10 production in eight of 11 RNAi lines that showed positive for transformation. A significant negative correlation between PR10 expression at either transcript or protein level and kernel aflatoxin production was observed. The results indicate a major role for PR10 expression in maize aflatoxin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Zubini P, Zambelli B, Musiani F, Ciurli S, Bertolini P, Baraldi E. The RNA hydrolysis and the cytokinin binding activities of PR-10 proteins are differently performed by two isoforms of the Pru p 1 peach major allergen and are possibly functionally related. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:1235-47. [PMID: 19474212 PMCID: PMC2705045 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.139543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PR-10 proteins are a family of pathogenesis-related (PR) allergenic proteins playing multifunctional roles. The peach (Prunus persica) major allergen, Pru p 1.01, and its isoform, Pru p 1.06D, were found highly expressed in the fruit skin at the pit hardening stage, when fruits transiently lose their susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Monilinia spp. To investigate the possible role of the two Pru p 1 isoforms in plant defense, the recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Light scattering experiments and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that both proteins are monomers in solution with secondary structures typical of PR-10 proteins. Even though the proteins do not display direct antimicrobial activity, they both act as RNases, a function possibly related to defense. The RNase activity is different for the two proteins, and only that of Pru p 1.01 is affected in the presence of the cytokinin zeatin, suggesting a physiological correlation between Pru p 1.01 ligand binding and enzymatic activity. The binding of zeatin to Pru p 1.01 was evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry, which provided information on the stoichiometry and on the thermodynamic parameters of the interaction. The structural architecture of Pru p 1.01 and Pru p 1.06D was obtained by homology modeling, and the differences in the binding pockets, possibly accounting for the observed difference in binding activity, were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zubini
- Department of Agri-Food Protection and Improvement, CRIOF , University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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