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Shan S, Zhang W, Gao H, Huang PY, Du Z, Bai Y, Lau YC, Chen D, Lau EHY, Nealon J, Wu P. Global Seasonal Activities of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae238. [PMID: 38770210 PMCID: PMC11103620 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Varied seasonal patterns of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been reported worldwide. We conducted a systematic review on articles identified in PubMed reporting RSV seasonality based on data collected before 1 January 2020. RSV seasonal patterns were examined by geographic location, calendar month, analytic method, and meteorological factors including temperature and absolute humidity. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between RSV seasonality and study methods and characteristics of study locations. RSV seasons were reported in 209 articles published in 1973-2023 for 317 locations in 77 countries. Regular RSV seasons were similarly reported in countries in temperate regions, with highly variable seasons identified in subtropical and tropical countries. Longer durations of RSV seasons were associated with a higher daily average mean temperature and daily average mean absolute humidity. The global seasonal patterns of RSV provided important information for optimizing interventions against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Shan
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huizhi Gao
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhanwei Du
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuan Bai
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yiu-Chung Lau
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dongxuan Chen
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric H Y Lau
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Joshua Nealon
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peng Wu
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Ondo GN, Ushijima Y, Abe H, Mahmoudou S, Bikangui R, Nkoma AM, Mbadinga MJVM, More A, Agbanrin MD, Pemba CM, Beh Mba R, Akim AA, Lell B, Yasuda J. Genetic Diversity and Detection of Respiratory Viruses Excluding SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Gabon, 2020-2021. Viruses 2024; 16:698. [PMID: 38793579 PMCID: PMC11126038 DOI: 10.3390/v16050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are a major global burden in resource-limited countries, including countries in Africa. Although COVID-19 has been well studied since the pandemic emerged in Gabon, Central Africa, less attention has been paid to other respiratory viral diseases, and very little data are available. Herein, we provide the first data on the genetic diversity and detection of 18 major respiratory viruses in Gabon during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of 582 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from March 2020 to July 2021, which were SARS-CoV-2 negative, 156 were positive (26%) for the following viruses: enterovirus (20.3%), human rhinovirus (HRV) (4.6%), human coronavirus OC43 (1.2%), human adenovirus (0.9%), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (0.5%), influenza A virus (IAV) (0.3%), and human parainfluenza viruses (0.5%). To determine the genetic diversity and transmission route of the viruses, phylogenetic analyses were performed using genome sequences of the detected viruses. The IAV strain detected in this study was genetically similar to strains isolated in the USA, whereas the hMPV strain belonging to the A2b subtype formed a cluster with Kenyan strains. This study provides the first complete genomic sequences of HRV, IAV, and hMPV detected in Gabon, and provides insight into the circulation of respiratory viruses in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgelin Nguema Ondo
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuri Ushijima
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.A.)
- Division of Biomedical Science, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Haruka Abe
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.A.)
- Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Saïdou Mahmoudou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Rodrigue Bikangui
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Anne Marie Nkoma
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Marien Juliet Veraldy Magossou Mbadinga
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Ayong More
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Maradona Daouda Agbanrin
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Christelle M. Pemba
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Romuald Beh Mba
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Adegnika Ayola Akim
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP.242, Gabon; (G.N.O.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.M.N.); (M.J.V.M.M.); (A.M.); (M.D.A.); (R.B.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.A.)
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
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Chan CM, Wahab AA, Ali A. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on epidemiological changes of severe pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1246921. [PMID: 38356949 PMCID: PMC10866006 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1246921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality among children with respiratory tract infections. The non-pharmaceutical preventive measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19) may have reduced the transmission of RSV, altering its tropical epidemiological seasonality. Thus, this study represents the first attempt to evaluate changes in RSV epidemiology in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Methods Conducted at a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, this retrospective study analyzed collated data of children aged <12 years who were admitted for severe respiratory infections from 2017 to 2022. Time series models were used to predict the differences between actual and forecasted RSV cases, while logistic regression assessed the statistical association between RSV and COVID-19. Results Among the 4,084 children analyzed, we reported a significant inverse relationship between RSV and COVID-19 infections during the pandemic (2020-2021) (p < 0.05). In 2020, the RSV positivity rate sharply declined to 8.3 and 5.9%, respectively, in the two prominent seasons. Time series analysis showed a tremendous decrease in cases compared to the expected values, with reductions of 98.3% in the first season and 95.7% in the second season. However, following the lifting of the restriction order in 2022, RSV infections rose sharply with a positivity rate of 36.3%, higher than pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels. Conclusion This study provides evidence of increasing RSV cases post-COVID-19 pandemic, due to immunity debt. Hence, the healthcare system must be prepared to address future RSV outbreaks with the appropriate implementation of prophylaxis and public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Mun Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Center, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asrul Abdul Wahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Center, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Infection and Immunology Health and Advanced Medicine Cluster, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Viana E, França Y, de Azevedo LS, Medeiros RS, Guiducci R, Guadagnucci S, Luchs A. Genotypic diversity and long-term impact of human bocavirus on diarrheal disease: Insights from historical fecal samples in Brazil. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29429. [PMID: 38258346 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the frequency and genotypic diversity of human bocavirus (HBoV) in historical fecal samples collected before 2005 in Brazil and understand its natural history in patients with diarrhea. Between 1998 and 2005, 3347 samples were tested for HBoV by RT-PCR, with a detection rate of 5.8% (195/3347). Coinfection with norovirus (NoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) was found in 34.9% (68/195), indicating HBoV's potential role as a causative agent of diarrheal disease. The detection rate varied over the years (p < 0.05), suggesting natural oscillatory fluctuations. HBoV was more prevalent in fall and winter, with higher positivity in children ≤5 years (p < 0.05), reinforcing that HBoV is an important pathogen in childhood diarrhea. Genotyping (32.8%; 64/195) revealed the circulation of HBoV-1 (79.7%, 51/64), HBoV-3 (12.5%, 8/64), HBoV-2 (6.2%, 4/64), and the rare HBoV-4 (1.6%, 1/64). Difference in HBoV-1 and HBoV-2/-3 mono-infections prevalence (p < 0.05), suggests a potential role of HBoV-1 in the pathogenicity of diarrheal disease. The study highlights HBoV's lasting impact on viral gastroenteritis in Brazil and emphasizes its genotypic diversity. Recommending screening for HBoV in public health laboratories is crucial for understanding its role in gastrointestinal diseases. The data also contribute to understanding the molecular characterization of enteric viruses in historical fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Viana
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmin França
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais S de Azevedo
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta S Medeiros
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Guiducci
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Guadagnucci
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yang F, Servadio JL, Thanh NTL, Lam HM, Choisy M, Thai PQ, Thao TTN, Vy NHT, Phuong HT, Nguyen TD, Tam DTH, Hanks EM, Vinh H, Bjornstad ON, Chau NVV, Boni MF. A combination of annual and nonannual forces drive respiratory disease in the tropics. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013054. [PMID: 37935520 PMCID: PMC10632872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that influenza and other respiratory viruses are wintertime-seasonal in temperate regions. However, respiratory disease seasonality in the tropics is less well understood. In this study, we aimed to characterise the seasonality of influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza virus in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. METHODS We monitored the daily number of ILI patients in 89 outpatient clinics from January 2010 to December 2019. We collected nasal swabs and tested for influenza from a subset of clinics from May 2012 to December 2019. We used spectral analysis to describe the periodic signals in the system. We evaluated the contribution of these periodic signals to predicting ILI and influenza patterns through lognormal and gamma hurdle models. RESULTS During 10 years of community surveillance, 66 799 ILI reports were collected covering 2.9 million patient visits; 2604 nasal swabs were collected, 559 of which were PCR-positive for influenza virus. Both annual and nonannual cycles were detected in the ILI time series, with the annual cycle showing 8.9% lower ILI activity (95% CI 8.8% to 9.0%) from February 24 to May 15. Nonannual cycles had substantial explanatory power for ILI trends (ΔAIC=183) compared with all annual covariates (ΔAIC=263) in lognormal regression. Near-annual signals were observed for PCR-confirmed influenza but were not consistent over time or across influenza (sub)types. The explanatory power of climate factors for ILI and influenza virus trends was weak. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a unique pattern of respiratory disease dynamics in a tropical setting influenced by both annual and nonannual drivers, with influenza dynamics showing near-annual periodicities. Timing of vaccination campaigns and hospital capacity planning may require a complex forecasting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhan Yang
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph L Servadio
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nguyen Thi Le Thanh
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha Minh Lam
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Marc Choisy
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pham Quang Thai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Nhu Thao
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nguyen Ha Thao Vy
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Phuong
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Nguyen
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dong Thi Hoai Tam
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ephraim M Hanks
- Department of Statistics and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ha Vinh
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ottar N Bjornstad
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Maciej F Boni
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Influence of Sex on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Genotype Infection Frequency and Nasopharyngeal Microbiome. J Virol 2023; 97:e0147222. [PMID: 36815771 PMCID: PMC10062153 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01472-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has a significant health burden in children, older adults, and the immunocompromised. However, limited effort has been made to identify emergence of new RSV genotypes' frequency of infection and how the combination of nasopharyngeal microbiome and viral genotypes impact RSV disease outcomes. In an observational cohort designed to capture the first infant RSV infection, we employed multi-omics approaches to sequence 349 RSV complete genomes and matched nasopharyngeal microbiomes, during which the 2012/2013 season was dominated by RSV-A, whereas 2013 and 2014 was dominated by RSV-B. We found non-G-72nt-duplicated RSV-A strains were more frequent in male infants (P = 0.02), whereas G-72nt-duplicated genotypes (which is ON1 lineage) were seen equally in both males and females. DESeq2 testing of the nasal microbiome showed Haemophilus was significantly more abundant in infants with RSV-A infection compared to infants with RSV-B infection (adjusted P = 0.002). In addition, the broad microbial clustering of the abundant genera was significantly associated with infant sex (P = 0.03). Overall, we show sex differences in infection by RSV genotype and host nasopharyngeal microbiome, suggesting an interaction between host genetics, virus genotype, and associated nasopharyngeal microbiome. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children and is responsible for high hospitalization rates and morbidity in infants and the elderly. To understand how the emergence of RSV viral genotypes and viral-respiratory microbiome interactions contribute to infection frequency and severity, we utilized an observational cohort designed to capture the first infant RSV infection we employed multi-omics approaches to sequence 349 RSV complete genomes and matched nasopharyngeal microbiomes. We found non-G-72nt-duplicated RSV-A genotypes were more frequent in male infants, whereas G-72nt-duplicated RSV-A strains (ON1 lineage) were seen equally in both males and females. Microbiome analysis show Haemophilus was significantly more abundant in infants with RSV-A compared to infants with RSV-B infection and the microbial clustering of the abundant genera was associated with infant sex. Overall, we show sex differences in RSV genotype-nasopharyngeal microbiome, suggesting an interaction host genetics-virus-microbiome interaction.
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Chan CM, Wahab AA, Ali A. Determining the Relationship of Meteorological Factors and Severe Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection in Central Peninsular Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1848. [PMID: 36767211 PMCID: PMC9914795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen causing viral respiratory tract infections among younger children worldwide. The influence of meteorological factors on RSV seasonal activity is well-established for temperate countries; however, in subtropical countries such as Malaysia, relatively stable temperate climates do not clearly support this trend, and the available data are contradictory. Better understanding of meteorological factors and seasonality of RSV will allow effective strategic health management relating to RSV infection, particularly immunoprophylaxis of high-risk infants with palivizumab. Retrospectively, from 2017 to 2021, we examined the association between various meteorological factors (rainfall, rainy days, temperature, and relative humidity) and the incidence of RSV in children aged less than 12 years in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RSV activity peaked in two periods (July to August and October to December), which was significantly correlated with the lowest rainfall (p < 0.007) and number of rainy days (p < 0.005). RSV prevalence was also positively associated with temperature (p < 0.006) and inversely associated with relative humidity (p < 0.006). Based on our findings, we recommend that immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab be administered in children aged less than 2 years where transmission of RSV is postulated to be the highest after the end of two monsoon seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Mun Chan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Asrul Abdul Wahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Lim KJ, John JL, Rahim SSSA, Avoi R, Hassan MR, Jeffree MS, Ibrahim MY, Ahmed K. A 1-year cross-sectional study on the predominance of influenza among hospitalized children in a tropical area, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:11. [PMID: 35366938 PMCID: PMC8976348 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children are at higher risk of influenza virus infection, and it is difficult to diagnose. They are also responsible for the transmission of influenza because of their longer viral shedding compared to adults. In Malaysia, studies on influenza in children are scarce, and as a result, policy decisions cannot be formulated to control the infection. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of influenza among children with upper respiratory symptoms in the Sabah state of Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling was conducted among children with upper respiratory symptoms in Sabah from 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020. Patients admitted to a pediatric ward of Sabah Women and Children’s Hospital who presented with a fever >38 °C and cough within 48 h of admission were enrolled in this study. A nasopharyngeal swab was taken, and influenza was diagnosed by lateral flow test. Clinical features of influenza-positive children were compared with children whose results were negative. Results A total of 323 nasopharyngeal samples were collected, and 66 (20.4%) of them were positive for influenza. Fifty-six (85%) were infected by influenza A whereas ten (15%) were by influenza B virus. Higher temperature (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.296–3.181), less activity (aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.158–3.693), and seizure (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.614–10.978) on admission were significant risk factors associated with influenza in children. Meteorology parameters such as humidity and rainfall amount were statistically significant at 95% CI [1.133 (1.024–1.255)] and 95% CI [0.946 (0.907–0.986)]. Conclusion The prevalence of influenza was high among children with upper respiratory symptoms, and they were infected predominantly with the influenza A virus. Children presented with seizures, less activity, and fever were the significant risk factors for influenza. Influenza vaccination should be prioritized as preventive measures for children.
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Wambua J, Munywoki PK, Coletti P, Nyawanda BO, Murunga N, Nokes DJ, Hens N. Drivers of respiratory syncytial virus seasonal epidemics in children under 5 years in Kilifi, coastal Kenya. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278066. [PMID: 36441757 PMCID: PMC9704647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The determinants of RSV seasonality are of importance in designing interventions. They are poorly understood in tropical and sub-tropical regions in low- and middle-income countries. Our study utilized long-term surveillance data on cases of RSV associated with severe or very severe pneumonia in children aged 1 day to 59 months admitted to the Kilifi County Hospital. A generalized additive model was used to investigate the association between RSV admissions and meteorological variables (maximum temperature, rainfall, absolute humidity); weekly number of births within the catchment population; and school term dates. Furthermore, a time-series-susceptible-infected-recovered (TSIR) model was used to reconstruct an empirical transmission rate which was used as a dependent variable in linear regression and generalized additive models with meteorological variables and school term dates. Maximum temperature, absolute humidity, and weekly number of births were significantly associated with RSV activity in the generalized additive model. Results from the TSIR model indicated that maximum temperature and absolute humidity were significant factors. Rainfall and school term did not yield significant relationships. Our study indicates that meteorological parameters and weekly number of births potentially play a role in the RSV seasonality in this region. More research is required to explore the underlying mechanisms underpinning the observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wambua
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI -Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), Kilifi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick K. Munywoki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI -Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Pietro Coletti
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bryan O. Nyawanda
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Nickson Murunga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI -Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - D. James Nokes
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI -Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Niel Hens
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ogunbayo AE, Mogotsi MT, Sondlane H, Nkwadipo KR, Sabiu S, Nyaga MM. Metagenomic Analysis of Respiratory RNA Virome of Children with and without Severe Acute Respiratory Infection from the Free State, South Africa during COVID-19 Pandemic Reveals Higher Diversity and Abundance in Summer Compared with Winter Period. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112516. [PMID: 36423125 PMCID: PMC9692838 DOI: 10.3390/v14112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in children. Currently, there are limited reports on the composition and abundance of the normal commensal respiratory virome in comparison to those in severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) state. This study characterised the respiratory RNA virome in children ≤ 5 years with (n = 149) and without (n = 139) SARI during the summer and winter of 2020/2021 seasons in South Africa. Nasopharyngeal swabs were, collected, pooled, enriched for viral RNA detection, sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and analysed using the Genome Detective bioinformatic tool. Overall, Picornaviridae, Paramoxyviridae, Pneumoviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Totiviridae, and Retroviridae families were the most abundant viral population in both groups across both seasons. Human rhinovirus and endogenous retrovirus K113 were detected in most pools, with exclusive detection of Pneumoviridae in SARI pools. Generally, higher viral diversity/abundance was seen in children with SARI and in the summer pools. Several plant/animal viruses, eukaryotic viruses with unclear pathogenicity including a distinct rhinovirus A type, were detected. This study provides remarkable data on the respiratory RNA virome in children with and without SARI with a degree of heterogeneity of known viruses colonizing their respiratory tract. The implication of the detected viruses in the dynamics/progression of SARI requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji E. Ogunbayo
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Milton T. Mogotsi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe Sondlane
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Kelebogile R. Nkwadipo
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Martin M. Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-51-401-9158
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11
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Chong YM, Chan YF, Jamaluddin MFH, Hasan MS, Pang YK, Ponnampalavanar S, Syed Omar SF, Sam IC. Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common respiratory virus detected in adults with severe acute respiratory infections pre-COVID-19 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273697. [PMID: 36054088 PMCID: PMC9439195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) pose a great global burden. The contribution of respiratory viruses to adult SARI is relatively understudied in Asia. We aimed to determine viral aetiology of adult SARI patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods The prevalence of 20 common (mainly viral) respiratory pathogens, and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and 5 bacterial select agents was investigated from May 2017 to October 2019 in 489 SARI adult patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using molecular assays (Luminex NxTAG-RPP kit and qPCR assays). Viral metagenomics analysis was performed on 105 negative samples. Results Viral respiratory pathogens were detected by PCR in 279 cases (57.1%), including 10 (2.0%) additional detections by metagenomics analysis. The most detected viruses were rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) (49.1%) and influenza virus (7.4%). Three melioidosis cases were detected but no SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or other bacterial select agents. Bacterial/viral co-detections and viral co-detections were found in 44 (9.0%) and 27 (5.5%) cases respectively, mostly involving RV/EV. Independent predictors of critical disease were male gender, chronic lung disease, lack of runny nose and positive blood culture with a significant bacterial pathogen. Asthma and sore throat were associated with increased risk of RV/EV detection, while among RV/EV cases, males and those with neurological disease were at increased risk of critical disease. Conclusions Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the high prevalence of respiratory viruses in adults with SARI was mainly attributed to RV/EV. Continued surveillance of respiratory virus trends contributes to effective diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Min Chong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (YFC); (ICS)
| | | | - M. Shahnaz Hasan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kek Pang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (YFC); (ICS)
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12
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Ravichandran D, Lim JKB, Wee PH, Allen JC, Yung CF, Lee JH, Yeo KT. High burden of respiratory viral infection-associated mortality among critically ill children. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2022; 51:575-577. [PMID: 36189702 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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13
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Ahmed A, Alsenaidy AM, Mobaireek KF, AlSaadi MM. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections during 2014–16 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Viral etiology of respiratory infections is not well understood in Saudi Arabia. This study was conceptualized to understand viral etiology in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) from Riyadh. Patients and methods: Respiratory viruses were detected by real-time PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirates or swab from 580 children aged ≤5 years. Results: Respiratory viruses were detected in 64% of the samples with 6% mixed viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza and human metapneumovirus infections accounted for 42, 20, 16, 12 and 10%, respectively. Maximum prevalence (37%) was among the lowest age group followed by 30% among the 7- to 12-month age group. Conclusion: The prevalence and determinants of viral etiology are in line with the previous report from the region. No major shift in the viral etiologies was observed in the 2-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alsenaidy
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Fahad Mobaireek
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim Mohammed AlSaadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Al Ali A, Al Kuwaiti N, Al Kaabi E, Al Kaabi S, Al Kaabi A, Narchi H. Clinical spectrum, risk factors, and outcomes of children with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection managed in a single tertiary hospital: A 6-year retrospective cohort study. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e432. [PMID: 34869914 PMCID: PMC8596947 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a highly contagious disease that causes severe illness each year. Data in the United Arab Emirates are scarce. OBJECTIVES To study the seasonality, morbidity, mortality rate, and comorbidities associated with confirmed influenza infection in a tertiary hospital in Al-Ain city, UAE. METHODS Retrospective study, from 2012 to 2017, of the electronic medical records in Tawam hospital, of children up to 15 years of age with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. RESULTS There were 1392 children, with the highest number in 2017 (n = 461, 33%). The incidence peaked between October and March. The infection was more common between 1 and 11 years of age (n = 948, 68%). The overall prevalence of influenza A (n = 1144, 82%) was higher than influenza B (n = 276, 19.8%). One-third of the patients required admission. The commonest underlying comorbidity was asthma (n = 170, 12%). The two commonest complications were pneumonia (n = 165, 12%) and acute otitis media (n = 82, 6%). CONCLUSION Our findings serve as a benchmark for comparison with reports from other countries and need to be considered when reviewing the national vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Al Ali
- Academic AffairsTawam HospitalAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Najla Al Kuwaiti
- Department of PediatricsTawam hospitalAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Eiman Al Kaabi
- Department of PediatricsTawam hospitalAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Salwa Al Kaabi
- Department of PediatricsTawam hospitalAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Al Kaabi
- Department of PediatricsTawam hospitalAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Hassib Narchi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirate UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
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15
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Soh S, Loo LH, Jamali N, Maiwald M, Aik J. Climate variability and seasonal patterns of paediatric parainfluenza infections in the tropics: An ecological study in Singapore. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 239:113864. [PMID: 34717184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence of the relationship between climate variability, air pollution and human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infections has been inconsistent. We assessed this in a paediatric population from a highly urbanized tropical city-state. METHODS We analysed all reports of HPIV infections in children <5 years old obtained from a major specialist women and children's hospital in Singapore. Assuming a negative binomial distribution and using multivariable fractional polynomial modelling, we examined the relations between climate variability, air quality and the risk of HPIV infections, adjusting for time-varying confounders. RESULTS We identified 6393 laboratory-confirmed HPIV infections from 2009 to 2019. Every 1 °C decline in temperature was associated with a 5.8% increase (RR: 0.943, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 0.903-0.984) in HPIV infection risk 6 days later. Every 10% decrease in relative humidity was associated with a 15.8% cumulative increase in HPIV risk over the next 6 days (cumulative RR: 0.842, 95% CI: 0.771-0.919). Rainfall was positively associated with HPIV risk 2 days later (RR: 1.021, 95% CI: 1.000-1.043). A within-year seasonal rise of HPIV was driven by HPIV-3 and HPIV-1 and preceded by a seasonal decline in temperature. Gender was an effect modifier of the climate-HPIV relationship. Air quality was not associated with HPIV risk. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a close association between HPIV infection risk and tropical climate variability. The climate dependence and seasonal predictability of HPIV can inform the timing of community campaigns aimed at reducing infection risk and the development of hospital resources and climate adaption plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Soh
- Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology Division, National Environment Agency, 40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, #13-00, 228231, Singapore.
| | - Liat Hui Loo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Natasha Jamali
- Environmental Monitoring and Modelling Division, National Environment Agency, 40 Scotts Road, #13-00, 228231, Singapore.
| | - Matthias Maiwald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road Level 11, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Joel Aik
- Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology Division, National Environment Agency, 40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, #13-00, 228231, Singapore; Pre-Hospital & Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
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Norrulashikin MA, Yusof F, Hanafiah NHM, Norrulashikin SM. Modelling monthly influenza cases in Malaysia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254137. [PMID: 34288925 PMCID: PMC8294481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing trend in the number new cases of influenza every year as reported by WHO is concerning, especially in Malaysia. To date, there is no local research under healthcare sector that implements the time series forecasting methods to predict future disease outbreak in Malaysia, specifically influenza. Addressing the problem could increase awareness of the disease and could help healthcare workers to be more prepared in preventing the widespread of the disease. This paper intends to perform a hybrid ARIMA-SVR approach in forecasting monthly influenza cases in Malaysia. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model (using Box-Jenkins method) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) model were used to capture the linear and nonlinear components in the monthly influenza cases, respectively. It was forecasted that the performance of the hybrid model would improve. The data from World Health Organization (WHO) websites consisting of weekly Influenza Serology A cases in Malaysia from the year 2006 until 2019 have been used for this study. The data were recategorized into monthly data. The findings of the study showed that the monthly influenza cases could be efficiently forecasted using three comparator models as all models outperformed the benchmark model (Naïve model). However, SVR with linear kernel produced the lowest values of RMSE and MAE for the test dataset suggesting the best performance out of the other comparators. This suggested that SVR has the potential to produce more consistent results in forecasting future values when compared with ARIMA and the ARIMA-SVR hybrid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adam Norrulashikin
- Department of Mathematical Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- Hospital Mersing, Mersing, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fadhilah Yusof
- Department of Mathematical Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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Souza YFVPD, Souza EVD, Azevedo LSD, Medeiros RS, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Enteric adenovirus epidemiology from historical fecal samples in Brazil (1998-2005): Pre-rotavirus vaccine era. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:105007. [PMID: 34293482 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is recognized as frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis and enteric viruses can be preserved in frozen stored feces for long periods of times. The purpose of the present study was to investigate enteric HAdV genotypic diversity in archival fecal specimens stored from 1998 to 2005 in order to understand the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil before rotavirus vaccine introduction. A total of 3346 specimens were tested for HAdV using conventional PCR. Genotypes were identified by sequencing. HAdV was detected in 6.8% (228/3346). Positivity was higher in children ≤ 5 years and males (p < 0.05). HAdV was most frequently observed during winter and spring seasons (p < 0.05). HAdV-F41 was the most prevalent genotype (59.2%;135/228), followed by HAdV-F40 (16.2%;37/228), HAdV-C1 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C2 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C5 (3.1%;7/228), HAdV-A12 (1.3%;3/228), HAdV-E4 (0.9%;2/228), HAdV-B3 (0.9%;2/228) and HAdV-B21 (0.4%;1/228). In 7.6% (17/228) only species D could be defined. HAdV-E4 strains were phylogenetic analyzed and classified as lineage (a)-like PG II. HAdV prevalence remained stable in Brazilian population, regardless rotavirus vaccine introduction. The predominant HAdV genotypes detected did not change over time, highlighting a high diversity of circulating strains in the country throughout decades. Due to the historical lack of HAdV genotyping surveillance in Brazil, HAdV-E4 epidemiology is virtually unknown in the country. The present study contributed significantly to the understanding of the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil. The acquired data are important for clinical diagnosis, particularly for studies investigating enteric viruses' prevalence and molecular epidemiology of archival clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Viana de Souza
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang F, Sun Y, Wang P, Weschler LB, Sundell J. Spread of respiratory infections in student dormitories in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:145983. [PMID: 33677292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Student dormitory rooms in China are characterized by small space and high occupancy. This study aims to investigate infection rates for common colds and influenza among college students in a Chinese university and their association with the dormitory environment. METHODS This study involved two phases. In Phase I, 2978 students living in 998 dorm rooms in 12 buildings responded to a questionnaire survey on infections in four seasons. In Phase II, based on the data obtained from the questionnaire survey, we selected 242 dorm rooms to measure air temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration in both summer and winter. Ventilation rates at night were calculated based on measured CO2 concentrations. RESULTS We found that students had infections more often in winter, and in rooms with higher occupancy and dampness problems. The median value of the ventilation rate in dorm rooms in summer was 10.7 L/s per person, while it was 4.10 L/s per person in winter. There were significant associations between ventilation rate per person at night and common cold and influenza both in summer and winter (p < 0.05). A combination of dampness and low ventilation rate significantly increased the risk of common colds (adjusted odds ratios, AOR: 1.26-1.91) and influenza (AOR: 1.49-2.20). CONCLUSION College students living in a crowded dormitory room with low ventilation and dampness problems had more common colds and influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China
| | | | - Jan Sundell
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China
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Johnson EK, Sylte D, Chaves SS, Li Y, Mahe C, Nair H, Paget J, van Pomeren T, Shi T, Viboud C, James SL. Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment. Popul Health Metr 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 34126993 PMCID: PMC8204427 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-021-00252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contribute significantly to the burden of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) inpatient care, but heterogeneous coding practices and availability of inpatient data make it difficult to estimate global hospital utilization for either disease based on coded diagnoses alone. METHODS This study estimates rates of influenza and RSV hospitalization by calculating the proportion of ALRI due to influenza and RSV and applying this proportion to inpatient admissions with ALRI coded as primary diagnosis. Proportions of ALRI attributed to influenza and RSV were extracted from a meta-analysis of 360 total sources describing inpatient hospital admissions which were input to a Bayesian mixed effects model over age with random effects over location. Results of this model were applied to inpatient admission datasets for 44 countries to produce rates of hospital utilization for influenza and RSV respectively, and rates were compared to raw coded admissions for each disease. RESULTS For most age groups, these methods estimated a higher national admission rate than the rate of directly coded influenza or RSV admissions in the same inpatient sources. In many inpatient sources, International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding detail was insufficient to estimate RSV burden directly. The influenza inpatient burden estimates in older adults appear to be substantially underestimated using this method on primary diagnoses alone. Application of the mixed effects model reduced heterogeneity between countries in influenza and RSV which was biased by coding practices and between-country variation. CONCLUSIONS This new method presents the opportunity of estimating hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV using a wide range of clinical databases. Estimates generally seem promising for influenza and RSV associated hospitalization, but influenza estimates from primary diagnosis seem highly underestimated among older adults. Considerable heterogeneity remains between countries in ALRI coding (i.e., primary vs non-primary cause), and in the age profile of proportion positive for influenza and RSV across studies. While this analysis is interesting because of its wide data utilization and applicability in locations without laboratory-confirmed admission data, understanding the sources of variability and data quality will be essential in future applications of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Johnson
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Dillon Sylte
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sandra S Chaves
- Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, Fondation de France, Paris, France
- Vaccine Epidemiology and Modeling Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - You Li
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cedric Mahe
- Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, Fondation de France, Paris, France
- Vaccine Epidemiology and Modeling Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tayma van Pomeren
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ting Shi
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cecile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Spencer L James
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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20
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Zhang Y, Su L, Chen Y, Yu S, Zhang D, Mao H, Fang L. Etiology and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses among children in Zhejiang Province, China 2017-2019. Virol J 2021; 18:89. [PMID: 33931105 PMCID: PMC8085659 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerging has put global public health institutes on high alert. Little is known about the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human coronaviruses infections in relation to infections with other respiratory viruses. METHODS From February 2017 to December 2019, 3660 respiratory samples submitted to Zhejiang Children Hospital with acute respiratory symptoms were tested for four human coronaviruses RNA by a novel two-tube multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Samples were also screened for the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. RESULTS Coronavirus RNAs were detected in 144 (3.93%) specimens: HCoV-HKU1 in 38 specimens, HCoV-NL63 in 62 specimens, HCoV-OC43 in 38 specimens and HCoV-229E in 8 specimens. Genomes for SARS-CoV-2 were absent in all specimens by RT-PCR analysis during the study period. The majority of HCoV infections occurred during fall months. No significant differences in gender, sample type, year were seen across species. 37.5 to 52.6% of coronaviruses detected were in specimens testing positive for other respiratory viruses. Phylogenic analysis identified that Zhejiang coronaviruses belong to multiple lineages of the coronaviruses circulating in other countries and areas. CONCLUSION Common HCoVs may have annual peaks of circulation in fall months in the Zhejiang province, China. Genetic relatedness to the coronaviruses in other regions suggests further surveillance on human coronaviruses in clinical samples are clearly needed to understand their patterns of activity and role in the emergence of novel coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lingxuan Su
- Department of Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Sicong Yu
- Department of Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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21
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Impact of human rhinoviruses on gene expression in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infection. Virus Res 2021; 300:198408. [PMID: 33878402 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the most common viruses, causing mild to severe respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Moreover, it can lead to patients' hospitalization. Nowadays, evaluation of gene expression alterations in host cells due to viral respiratory infections considered essential to understand the viral effects on cells. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to find important differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to rhinitis and asthma exacerbation stimulated with Poly (I: C) and then to validate their expression in clinical samples of children how were less than 5 years old, hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) due to HRV infection in comparison with healthy cases. METHODS Eight candidate genes involved in immunity, viral defense, inflammation, P53 pathway, and viral release processes were selected based on the analysis of a gene expression data set (GSE51392) and gene enrichment analysis. Then quantitative real-time PCR on cDNAs was performed for selected genes. The results were analyzed by Livak method and visualized by GraphPad prism software (8.4.3). RESULT CXCL10, CMPK2, RSAD2, SERPINA3, TNFAIP6, CXCL14, IVNS1AB, and ZMAT3 were selected based on the enrichment and topological analysis of the constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Laboratory validation by real-time PCR showed CXCL10, CMPK2, RSAD2, SERPINA3, and TNFAIP6 (belonged to immunity, inflammatory responses and viral defense) were up-regulated, whereas CXCL14 (related to immunity) and IVNS1AB, ZMAT3 (associated to Influenza and P53 pathway) were down-regulated. CONCLUSION Our results showed, that in children less than 5 years old affected by HRV and hospitalized with SARI, the inflammatory responses, antiviral defense, and type 1 interferon-signaling pathway have significantly affected by viral infection.
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22
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Epidemiology and Seasonality of Childhood Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in the Tropics. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040696. [PMID: 33923823 PMCID: PMC8074094 DOI: 10.3390/v13040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Understanding seasonal patterns of region-specific RSV activity is important to guide resource allocation for existing and future treatment and prevention strategies. The decades of excellent RSV surveillance data that are available from the developed countries of the world are incredibly instructive in advancing public health initiatives in those regions. With few exceptions, these developed nations are positioned geographically across temperate regions of the world. RSV surveillance across tropical regions of the world has improved in recent years, but remains spotty, and where available, still lacks the necessary longitudinal data to determine the amount of seasonal variation expected over time. However, existing and emerging data collected across tropical regions of the world do indicate that patterns of infection are often quite different from those so well described in temperate areas. Here, we provide a brief summary regarding what is known about general patterns of RSV disease activity across tropical Asia, Africa and South America, then offer additional country-specific details using examples where multiple reports and/or more robust surveillance data have become available.
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23
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Mailepessov D, Aik J, Seow WJ. A time series analysis of the short-term association between climatic variables and acute respiratory infections in Singapore. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113748. [PMID: 33862488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the most common human illnesses globally. Previous studies that examined the associations between climate variability and ARIs or ARI pathogens have reported inconsistent findings. Few studies have been conducted in Southeast Asia to date, and the impact of climatic factors are not well-understood. This study aimed to investigate the short-term associations between climate variability and ARIs in Singapore. METHODS We obtained reports of ARIs from all government primary healthcare services from 2005 to 2019 and analysed their dependence on mean ambient temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature using the distributed lag non-linear framework. Separate negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the association between each temperature (mean, minimum, maximum temperature) and ARIs, adjusted for seasonality and long-term trend, rainfall, relative humidity, public holidays and autocorrelations. For temperature variables and relative humidity we reported cumulative relative risks (RRs) at 10th and 90th percentiles compared to the reference value (centered at their medians) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For rainfall we reported RRs at 50th and 90th percentiles compared to 0 mm with corresponding 95% CIs. RESULTS Statistically significant inverse S-curve shaped associations were observed between all three temperature variables (mean, minimum, maximum) and ARIs. A decrease of 1.1 °C from the median value of 27.8 °C to 26.7 °C (10th percentile) in the mean temperature was associated with a 6% increase (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.09) in ARIs. ARIs also increased at 23.9 °C (10th percentile) compared to 24.9 °C of minimum temperature (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.16). The effect of maximum temperature for the same comparison (30.5 °C vs 31.7 °C) was non-significant (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.05). An increase in ambient temperature to 28.9 °C (90th percentile) was associated with an 18% decrease (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.83) in ARIs. Similarly, ARIs decreased with the same increase to 90th percentile in minimum (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.87) and maximum (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.93) temperatures. Rainfall was inversely associated with ARIs and displayed similar shape in all three temperature models. Relative humidity, on the other hand, exhibited a U-shaped relationship with ARIs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that lower temperatures increase the risk of ARIs. Anticipated extreme weather events that reduce ambient temperature can be used to inform increased healthcare resource allocation for ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyar Mailepessov
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore; Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way #06-05/08, Helios Block, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Joel Aik
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way #06-05/08, Helios Block, 138667, Singapore; Pre-hospital and Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
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24
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Tan KWJ, Yung CF, Maiwald M, Saffari SE, Thoon KC, Chong CY. Respiratory viral infections in hospitalised paediatric patients in the tropics. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:559-565. [PMID: 33185937 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Respiratory viruses are a huge disease burden globally. An understanding of the seasonal trends and the ability to predict peak periods of respiratory virus disease incidence is useful for clinical care. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of paediatric hospitalizations of laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory tract infections in KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016. Standard direct immunofluorescence was used to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses, metapneumovirus and adenovirus. RESULTS A total of 97 840 specimens were analysed with a positive detection rate of 23.8%. RSV made up the largest proportion (42% of the total positive results), predominating between May to September. Influenza A had two peaks, June to July and December to January. Type 3 was the most common parainfluenza virus and showed annually recurring peaks. In contrast, parainfluenza 1 and 2, metapneumovirus and adenovirus had a biennial pattern. The test of seasonality detected identifiable seasonality for RSV and parainfluenza 3 virus. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, respiratory viruses have different and overlapping seasonality in tropical Singapore. Respiratory virus testing for patients admitted for acute respiratory infection is useful to target antiviral therapies and appropriate infection control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Department of Infectious Disease, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Matthias Maiwald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Seyed E Saffari
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Koh Cheng Thoon
- Department of Infectious Disease, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Chong
- Department of Infectious Disease, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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25
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Xu B, Wang J, Li Z, Xu C, Liao Y, Hu M, Yang J, Lai S, Wang L, Yang W. Seasonal association between viral causes of hospitalised acute lower respiratory infections and meteorological factors in China: a retrospective study. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e154-e163. [PMID: 33713616 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) caused by respiratory viruses are common and persistent infectious diseases worldwide and in China, which have pronounced seasonal patterns. Meteorological factors have important roles in the seasonality of some major viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus. Our aim was to identify the dominant meteorological factors and to model their effects on common respiratory viruses in different regions of China. METHODS We analysed monthly virus data on patients hospitalised with ALRI from 81 sentinel hospitals in 22 provinces in mainland China from Jan 1, 2009, to Sept 30, 2013. We considered seven common respiratory viruses: RSV, influenza virus, human parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and human coronavirus. Meteorological data of the same period were used to analyse relationships between virus seasonality and seven meteorological factors according to region (southern vs northern China). The geographical detector method was used to quantify the explanatory power of each meteorological factor, individually and interacting in pairs, on the respiratory viruses. FINDINGS 28 369 hospitalised patients with ALRI were tested, 10 387 (36·6%) of whom were positive for at least one virus, including RSV (4091 [32·0%] patients), influenza virus (2665 [20·8%]), human parainfluenza virus (2185 [17·1%]), adenovirus (1478 [11·6%]), human bocavirus (1120 [8·8%]), human coronavirus (637 [5·0%]), and human metapneumovirus (615 [4·8%]). RSV and influenza virus had annual peaks in the north and biannual peaks in the south. Human parainfluenza virus and human bocavirus had higher positive rates in the spring-summer months. Human metapneumovirus had an annual peak in winter-spring, especially in the north. Adenovirus and human coronavirus exhibited no clear annual seasonality. Temperature, atmospheric pressure, vapour pressure, and rainfall had most explanatory power on most respiratory viruses in each region. Relative humidity was only dominant in the north, but had no significant explanatory power for most viruses in the south. Hours of sunlight had significant explanatory power for RSV and influenza virus in the north, and for most viruses in the south. Wind speed was the only factor with significant explanatory power for human coronavirus in the south. For all viruses, interactions between any two of the paired factors resulted in enhanced explanatory power, either bivariately or non-linearly. INTERPRETATION Spatiotemporal heterogeneity was detected for most viruses in this study, and interactions between pairs of meteorological factors were found to enhance their influence on virus variation. These findings might be helpful to guide government planning, such as public health interventions, infection control practice, and timing of passive immunoprophylaxis, and might facilitate the development of future vaccine strategies. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and the Technology Major Project of China. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maogui Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine & Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Souza EVD, de Souza YFVP, Medeiros RS, de Azevedo LS, de Queiroz TGA, Sanz-Duro RL, Marinho RDSS, Komninakis SV, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Diversity of enteric and non-enteric human adenovirus strains in Brazil, 2006-2011. Arch Virol 2021; 166:897-903. [PMID: 33459882 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During 2006-2011, 5035 fecal samples were tested by PCR for human adenovirus (HAdV) and sequenced. HAdV was detected in 198 cases (3.9%), with the highest rate in children ≤ 5 years. Enteric HAdVs were the most prevalent genotypes (78%; 146/187): HAdV-F41 (63.6%; 119/187), HAdV-F40 (12.3%; 23/187), HAdV-A12 (1.6%; 3/187) and HAdV-A31 (0.5%; 1/187). Non-enteric HAdVs were detected in 22% (41/187): HAdV-C1 (8.0%; 15/187), HAdV-C2 (6.9%; 13/187), HAdV-C5 (4.3%; 8/187), HAdV-D8 (1.3%; 2/187), HAdV-B21 (0.5%; 1/187), HAdV-B3 (0.5%; 1/187) and HAdV-C6 (0.5%; 1/187). This 6-year retrospective study points out a high diversity of HAdV types circulating in Brazil and highlights the need to carry out molecular epidemiological studies of HAdV among patients with acute diarrheal infection on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Viana de Souza
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Salzone Medeiros
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Lais Sampaio de Azevedo
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil.
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27
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Yong MY, Lee SC, Ngui R, Lim YAL, Phipps ME, Chang LY. Seroprevalence of Nipah Virus Infection in Peninsular Malaysia. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:S370-S374. [PMID: 32392323 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak occurred in Malaysia in 1998. The natural host reservoir for NiV is Pteropus bats, which are commonly found throughout Malaysia. Humans become infected when NiV spills over from the reservoir species. In this study, NiV serosurveillance in Peninsular Malaysia, particularly among the indigenous population, was performed. The collected samples were tested for presence of NiV antibodies using a comparative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recombinant NiV nucleocapsid (rNiV-N) protein. We found that 10.73% of the participants recruited in this study had antibodies against rNiV-N, suggesting possible exposure to NiV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Yong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Ching Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Romano Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Malaysian Indigenous Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Maude E Phipps
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Li-Yen Chang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Correia W, Dorta-Guerra R, Sanches M, Almeida Semedo CDJB, Valladares B, de Pina-Araújo IIM, Carmelo E. Study of the Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years at the Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital, Praia, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:716351. [PMID: 34650939 PMCID: PMC8505963 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in developing countries and are a challenge for the health system of these countries. In Cabo Verde, despite the lack of recent studies, data indicate that it affects thousands of children, being the fourth leading cause of infant mortality in 2013. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the etiological agents associated with acute respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old, and their associated risk factors, such as clinical symptoms or socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Naso-pharyngeal samples were collected from children under 5 years attending at Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital (Praia, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde) with suspected ARI at different time-points during 2019. Samples were analyzed using FilmArray® Respiratory Panel v. 2.0 Plus to identify etiological agents of ARI. A questionnaire with socio-demographic information was also collected for each participant. Data analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS version 25 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY) and R 3.5.1 statistical software. Results: A total of 129 naso-pharyngeal samples were included in the study. Seventeen different etiologic agents of respiratory infections were identified. HRV/EV was the most frequent agent detected, followed by FluA H3 and RSV. Coinfection with two or more pathogens was detected in up to 20% of positive samples. The results were analyzed in terms of age-group, sex, period of the year and other social and demographic factors. Conclusion: Viruses are the main causative agents of ARI in children <5 years attending at the pediatrics service at the Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital in Praia city, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Some factors are described in this study as statistically associated with the presence of an infectious agent, such as having one or more children sharing the bedroom with an adult and the presence of some clinical symptoms. The data addresses the need for studies on respiratory tract infections in Cabo Verde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Correia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Roberto Dorta-Guerra
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mitza Sanches
- Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto, Ministry of Health and Social Security of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Basilio Valladares
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Emma Carmelo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Madrid, Spain
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Carbonell-Estrany X, Rodgers-Gray BS, Paes B. Challenges in the prevention or treatment of RSV with emerging new agents in children from low- and middle-income countries. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:419-441. [PMID: 32972198 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1828866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes approximately 120,000 deaths annually in children <5 years, with 99% of fatalities occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AREAS COVERED There are numerous RSV interventions in development, including long-acting monoclonal antibodies, vaccines (maternal and child) and treatments which are expected to become available soon. We reviewed the key challenges and issues that need to be addressed to maximize the impact of these interventions in LMICs. The epidemiology of RSV in LMICs was reviewed (PubMed search to 30 June 2020 inclusive) and the need for more and better-quality data, encompassing hospital admissions, community contacts, and longer-term respiratory morbidity, emphasized. The requirement for an agreed clinical definition of RSV lower respiratory tract infection was proposed. The pros and cons of the new RSV interventions are reviewed from the perspective of LMICs. EXPERT OPINION We believe that a vaccine (or combination of vaccines, if practicable) is the only viable solution to the burden of RSV in LMICs. A coordinated program, analogous to that with polio, involving governments, non-governmental organizations, the World Health Organization, the manufacturers and the healthcare community is required to realize the full potential of vaccine(s) and end the devastation of RSV in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Carbonell-Estrany
- Neonatology Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Suñer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bosco Paes
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatal Division), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Yeo KT, Yung CF, Khoo PC, Saffari SE, Sng JSP, How MS, Quek BH. Effectiveness of Palivizumab Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Among Preterm Infants in a Setting With Year-Round Circulation. J Infect Dis 2020; 224:279-287. [PMID: 33274362 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The year-round respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation in tropical regions leads to different transmission patterns and burden of disease among infants born very preterm. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate the effectiveness of palivizumab in preventing RSV hospitalization at 6 and 12 months after discharge, among infants born at <32 weeks' gestation in our tropical setting. RESULTS A total of 109 infants (26.3%) received palivizumab at discharge, of 415 who were eligible. All patients received ≥4 doses, with 105 infants (96.3%) completing 5 doses. Within 1 year after discharge, there were 35 RSV-associated admissions (3 [2.8%] in the palivizumab vs 32 [10.5%] in the nonpalivizumab group; P = .02). After adjustment for confounders, the effectiveness of palivizumab against RSV hospitalization was estimated to be 90% (95% confidence interval, 10%-99%) up to 6 months after discharge. The median time to RSV hospitalization was shorter in the nonpalivizumab than in the palivizumab group (median [range], 155 [15-358] vs 287 [145-359] days, respectively; P = .11). Five infants (14.3%), all from the nonpalivizumab group, required admission to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS In our setting with year-round RSV circulation, palivizumab prophylaxis was effective in reducing RSV hospitalization among high-risk preterm infants of <32 weeks' gestation within the initial 6 months after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Thai Yeo
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Service, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Poh Choo Khoo
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | | - Mee See How
- Division of Nursing, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bin Huey Quek
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Kwiyolecha E, Groendahl B, Okamo B, Kayange N, Manyama F, Kidenya BR, Mahamba DC, Msanga DR, Gehring S, Majigo M, Mshana SE, Mirambo MM. Patterns of viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections among symptomatic children in Mwanza, Tanzania. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18490. [PMID: 33116166 PMCID: PMC7595034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper-respiratory tract infections (URTI) are the leading causes of childhood morbidities. This study investigated etiologies and patterns of URTI among children in Mwanza, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study involving 339 children was conducted between October-2017 and February-2018. Children with features suggestive of URTI such as nasal congestion, dry cough, painful swallowing and nasal discharge with/without fever were enrolled. Pathogens were detected from nasopharyngeal and ear-swabs by multiplex-PCR and culture respectively. Full blood count and C-reactive protein analysis were also done. The median age was 16 (IQR: 8-34) months. Majority (82.3%) had fever and nasal-congestion (65.5%). Rhinitis (55.9%) was the commonest diagnosis followed by pharyngitis (19.5%). Viruses were isolated in 46% of children, the commonest being Rhinoviruses (23.9%). Nineteen percent of children had more than 2 viruses; Rhinovirus and Enterovirus being the commonest combination. The commonest bacteria isolated from ears were Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Children with viral pathogens had significantly right shift of lymphocytes (73%-sensitivity). Majority (257/339) of children were symptoms free on eighth day. Viruses are the commonest cause of URTI with Rhinitis being the common diagnosis. Rapid diagnostic assays for URTI pathogens are urgently needed in low-income countries to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions which is associated with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kwiyolecha
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Britta Groendahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernard Okamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Neema Kayange
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Festo Manyama
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Benson R Kidenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Dina C Mahamba
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Delfina R Msanga
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Stephan Gehring
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mtebe Majigo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mariam M Mirambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
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Rafeek RAM, Divarathna MVM, Noordeen F. A review on disease burden and epidemiology of childhood parainfluenza virus infections in Asian countries. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2164. [PMID: 32996257 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children less than 5 years, second only to human respiratory syncytial viruses (HRSVs). Generally, patients infected with HPIVs are treated in outpatient clinics, yet also contribute to ARTI-associated hospitalization in children. Although HPIV infections are well studied in developed countries, these infections remain under-investigated and not considered in the routine laboratory diagnosis of childhood ARTI in many developing countries in Asia. We performed an extensive literature search on the prevalence, epidemiology, and burden of HPIV infections in children less than 5 years in Asia using PubMed and PubMed Central search engines. Based on the literature, the prevalence of HPIV infection in Asia ranges from 1% to 66%. According to many studies, HPIV-3 is the major virus circulating among children; however, several studies failed to detect HPIV-4 due to unavailability of diagnostic tools. In Asian countries, HPIV contributes a substantial disease burden in children. The data in this review should assist researchers and public health authorities to plan preventive measures, including accelerating research on vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshan A M Rafeek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Maduja V M Divarathna
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Faseeha Noordeen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Circulation profile of respiratory viruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic children from Midwest Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1729-1735. [PMID: 32862400 PMCID: PMC7456363 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most of these infections are caused by viruses. Infections pose as important triggers of acute episodes of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). This study sought to evaluate the frequency and circulation profile of respiratory viruses among ARI symptomatic patients and completely asymptomatic children in Midwest Brazil. The study enrolled symptomatic children with and without ARI symptoms. During 1 year, 225 nasal respiratory samples were obtained from patients aged 4–14 years old. The samples were screened by multiplex nested-PCR for 16 common respiratory viruses. From 225 samples, 42 had at least one virus detected. Samples from four different patients had multiple viruses detected. The viral detection rate in symptomatic (20.1%) and asymptomatic patients (14.8%) showed no significant difference. The most frequent viruses detected were rhinovirus (28.6%), FLUA (11.9%), adenovirus (11.9%), human bocavirus (HBoV) (11.9%), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigenic group A (9.5%). Monthly detection rate was higher during the rainy season. RSVs were detected during the months with higher rainfall indexes and higher air humidity, while FLU and HBoV were detected during the winter months. The obtained results reinforce the importance of viral pathogens in pediatric population, emphasizing similar viral occurrence in symptomatic and asymptomatic children.
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Gao M, Yao X, Mao W, Shen C, Zhang Z, Huang Q, Cui D, Sun H, Zou W. Etiological analysis of virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Huzhou. Virol J 2020; 17:119. [PMID: 32738914 PMCID: PMC7395355 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections are a common disease in children with high mortality and morbidity. Multiple pathogens can cause acute respiratory infections. A 2-year survey of hospitalized children was conducted to understand the epidemic situation, seasonal spread of pathogens and the improvement of clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease in Huzhou, China. METHODS From September 2017 to August 2019, 3121 nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections were collected, and real-time PCR was used to detect various pathogens. Then, pathogen profiles, frequency and seasonality were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 3121 specimens, 14.45% (451/3121) were positive for at least one pathogen. Of the single-pathogen infections, RSV (45.61%, 182/399) was the most frequent pathogen, followed by PIVs (14.79%, 59/399), ADV (14.54%, 58/399), MP (10.78%, 43/399), and IAV (5.26%, 21/399). Of the 52 coinfections, RSV + PIVs viruses were predominantly identified and accounted for 40.38% (21/52) of cases. RSV was the most frequent pathogen in all four groups. The highest positive rate of the pathogens occurred in the winter (21.26%), followed by autumn (14.98%), the summer (14.11%) and the spring (12.25%). CONCLUSION Viruses are the main pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Huzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China. Among the pathogens, RSV had the highest detection rate, and MP is also a common pathogen among children with acute respiratory infections. This study provided a better understanding of the distribution of pathogens in children of different ages and seasons, which is conducive to the development of more reasonable treatment strategies and prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xing Yao
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Cuifen Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zongxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qiuling Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejianeg Province, China
| | - Weihua Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
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Respiratory syncytial virus infection trend is associated with meteorological factors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10931. [PMID: 32616819 PMCID: PMC7331681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects young children and causes influenza-like illness. RSV circulation and prevalence differ among countries and climates. To better understand whether climate factors influence the seasonality of RSV in Thailand, we examined RSV data from children ≤ 5 years-old who presented with respiratory symptoms from January 2012–December 2018. From a total of 8,209 nasopharyngeal samples, 13.2% (1,082/8,209) was RSV-positive, of which 37.5% (406/1,082) were RSV-A and 36.4% (394/1,082) were RSV-B. The annual unimodal RSV activity from July–November overlaps with the rainy season. Association between meteorological data including monthly average temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed for central Thailand and the incidence of RSV over 7-years was analyzed using Spearman’s rank and partial correlation. Multivariate time-series analysis with an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model showed that RSV activity correlated positively with rainfall (r = 0.41) and relative humidity (r = 0.25), but negatively with mean temperature (r = − 0.27). The best-fitting ARIMA (1,0,0)(2,1,0)12 model suggests that peak RSV activity lags the hottest month of the year by 4 months. Our results enable possible prediction of RSV activity based on the climate and could help to anticipate the yearly upsurge of RSV in this region.
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Notifiable Respiratory Infectious Diseases in China: A Spatial-Temporal Epidemiology Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072301. [PMID: 32235375 PMCID: PMC7177391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, tuberculosis, scarlet fever, measles, influenza, and mumps are five major notifiable respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) in China. The objective of this study was to describe, visualize, and compare the spatial-temporal distributions of these five RIDs from 2006 to 2016. In addition to descriptive epidemiology analysis, seasonality and spatial autocorrelation analysis were also applied to explore the epidemiologic trends and spatial changing patterns of the five RIDs, respectively. The results indicated that the incidence of tuberculosis, measles, and mumps presented a downtrend trend, while those of scarlet fever and influenza was in a strong uptrend across the research period. The incidences of the five diseases all peaked in spring. There were significant spatial disparities in the distribution of tuberculosis, scarlet fever, and measles cases, with the hotspots mainly located in the western plateau region, northern plain region, and southern mountainous region. To conclude, notable epidemiological differences were observed across regions, indicating that some provincial units should pay more attention to prevent and control respiratory infectious diseases.
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Chadha M, Hirve S, Bancej C, Barr I, Baumeister E, Caetano B, Chittaganpitch M, Darmaa B, Ellis J, Fasce R, Kadjo H, Jackson S, Leung V, Pisareva M, Moyes J, Naguib A, Tivane A, Zhang W. Human respiratory syncytial virus and influenza seasonality patterns-Early findings from the WHO global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:638-646. [PMID: 32163226 PMCID: PMC7578323 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes illnesses among all age groups and presents a burden to healthcare services. To better understand the epidemiology and seasonality of RSV in different geographical areas, the World Health Organization (WHO) coordinated a pilot initiative to access the feasibility of establishing RSV surveillance using the existing Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) platform. Objectives To describe and compare RSV and influenza seasonality in countries in the northern andsouthern temperate, and tropics during the period January 2017 to April 2019. Methods Fourteen countries in six WHO regions participating in the GISRS were invited for the pilot. Hospitalized patients presenting with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), SARI without fever and outpatients presenting with acute respiratory illness (ARI) were enrolled from January 2017 to April 2019. The expected minimum sample size was 20 samples per week, year‐round, per country. Real‐time RT‐PCR was used to detect RSV and influenza viruses. Results were uploaded to the WHO FluMart platform. Results Annual seasonality of RSV was observed in all countries, which overlapped to a large extent with the influenza activity. In countries, in temperate regions RSV peaked in the autumn/winter months. In Egypt, a subtropical country, RSV activity peaked in the cooler season. In the tropical regions, RSV peaked during the rainy seasons. Conclusion Early findings from the WHO RSV surveillance pilot based on the GISRS suggest annual seasonal patterns for of RSV circulation that overlap with influenza. RSV surveillance needs to be continued for several more seasons to establish seasonality patterns to inform prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Chadha
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Christina Bancej
- Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infections, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ian Barr
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elsa Baumeister
- Departamento Virologia, INEI-ANLIS "Carlos G Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Badarch Darmaa
- Virology Laboratory, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulan baatar, Mongolia
| | - Joanna Ellis
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Sub-department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Herve Kadjo
- Department of Epidemic Viruses, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Sandra Jackson
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Leung
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Pisareva
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Center for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amel Naguib
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Almiro Tivane
- Laboratório de Isolamento Viral, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ang LW, Mak TM, Cui L, Leo YS, Lee VJM, Lin RTP. Characterisation of respiratory syncytial virus activity in children and adults presenting with acute respiratory illness at primary care clinics in Singapore, 2014-2018. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:412-419. [PMID: 32090482 PMCID: PMC7298310 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important respiratory pathogen that affects people of all ages. OBJECTIVES We examined the patterns of RSV circulation in 2014-2018, and investigated their age-specific differences in tropical Singapore. METHODS Nasopharyngeal and/or throat swabs were taken from outpatient attendees for the national influenza virological surveillance among those who presented with acute respiratory illness in the community. Specimens tested negative for influenza were then tested for RSV and other respiratory pathogens. RESULTS Among 8436 influenza-negative specimens tested during the five-year period, 5.8% (95% confidence interval 5.3%-6.3%) were positive for RSV. The peak of RSV activity occurred around middle of the year. The age-specific proportion of RSV detections showed a reverse J-shaped pattern; RSV positivity was the highest in young children ≤2 years of age (10.9%), followed by those aged 3-5 years (6.4%) and persons aged ≥65 years (5.3%), while the nadir was observed in the age group of 15-24 years (1.2%). RSV type A was predominantly circulating in children ≤5 years of age from 2014 to 2015 and 2017, whereas in 2016, they were more affected by type B. CONCLUSION Respiratory syncytial virus was more frequently detected among the two age groups that have been recommended for influenza vaccination; persons ≥65 years of age and children 6 months to <5 years of age. Characterisation of RSV activity in the community helps to better inform public health policies for effective prevention and control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei Ang
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore City, Singapore.,Public Health Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tze Minn Mak
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lin Cui
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore City, Singapore
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Molecular Diagnosis of Pneumonia Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay RespiFinder® SMART 22 FAST in a Group of Moroccan Infants. Adv Virol 2020; 2020:6212643. [PMID: 32148499 PMCID: PMC7049438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6212643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Morocco, pediatric pneumonia remains a serious public health problem, as it constitutes the first cause of mortality due to infectious diseases. The etiological diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to use Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay tests in a routine setting for exact and fast identification. Objectives In this paper, we present the clinical results of pediatric pneumonia and describe their etiology by using molecular diagnosis. Study design: Tracheal secretion was collected from infants presenting respiratory distress isolated or associated with systemic signs, attending the unit of Neonatology between December 1, 2016, and Mai 31, 2018. Samples were tested with the multiplex RespiFinder® SMART 22 FAST which potentially detects 18 viruses and 4 bacteria. Results Of the 86 infants considered in this study (mean age 31 ± 19 days) suspected of acute respiratory tract infections, 71 (83%) were positive for one or multiple viruses or/and bacteria. The majority of acute respiratory tract infections had a viral origin (95%): respiratory syncytial viruses (A and B) (49%), rhinovirus (21%), coronaviruses 229E (11%), humain metapneumovirus (5%), influenza A (3%), influenza H1N1 (1%), adenovirus (2%), and parainfluenza virus type 4 (2%). Among our patients, 6% had Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Coinfections were not associated with severe respiratory symptoms. Conclusion The clinical spectrum of respiratory infections is complex and often nonspecific. Thus, the early and fast detection of related causative agents is crucial. The use of multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction may help choose an accurate treatment, reduce the overall use of unnecessary antibiotics, preserve intestinal flora, and decrease nosocomial infection by reducing the length of hospitalization.
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Yew SM, Tan KL, Yeo SK, Ng KP, Kuan CS. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses among Malaysian Young children with a confirmed respiratory infection during 2014-2015. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:4626-4633. [PMID: 31903251 PMCID: PMC6940242 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many developing countries, acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality among young children. This study aims to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses among Malaysian children with confirmed respiratory infections between July 2014 and July 2015. METHODS A total of 394 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected prospectively from children age 0-5 years old with ARTIs from hospitals in Kuala Lumpur. Respiratory viral panel (RVP) assay was used to identify the viral aetiology of respiratory infections. RESULTS From a total of 394 samples, the positive detection rate was 79.9% (n=315). A total of 15 types of RNA viruses and a single type of DNA virus were detected. Enterovirus/rhinovirus (n=112, 28.4%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n=85, 21.6%), adenovirus (n=64, 16.2%), human bocavirus (n=34, 8.6%), and human metapneumovirus (n=29, 7.4%) were the five predominant viruses. Enterovirus/rhinovirus and RSV constituted most of the viral respiratory infections among young children, especially among children less than 1 year old. No coronavirus was detected among children between 3 and 5 years old. Co-infection caused by 2 or 3 respiratory viruses were detected in 52 patients (13.2%). Enterovirus/rhinovirus, adenovirus, and human bocavirus demonstrated pronounced seasonality. The infection rate peaked during mid-year, while the lowest activity occurred during early of the year. CONCLUSIONS The use of molecular assay as a routine diagnostic in the hospitals can improve the diagnosis and management of respiratory tract infections among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mei Yew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 59400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Neogenix Laboratoire Sdn Bhd (1191967-W), 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ka-Liong Tan
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Holistic Intelligence, Institut Sains Islam, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Siok Koon Yeo
- School of Bioscience, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kee Peng Ng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 59400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Sian Kuan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 59400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Neogenix Laboratoire Sdn Bhd (1191967-W), 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Romaszko J, Skutecki R, Bocheński M, Cymes I, Dragańska E, Jastrzębski P, Morocka-Tralle I, Jalali R, Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Glińska-Lewczuk K. Applicability of the universal thermal climate index for predicting the outbreaks of respiratory tract infections: a mathematical modeling approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1231-1241. [PMID: 31332526 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultations. As air temperature decreases, but also in connection with other meteorological parameters, evident seasonal fluctuations in the number of consultations for RTI can be observed. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) is a complex meteorological index derived from an analysis of human thermal balance that depends on air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. Our aims were to check if this index, although never used before for that purpose, is an adequate tool for forecasting seasonal increases in RTI prevalence. This study is a retrospective analysis of patients' consultations with general practitioners in the period of 2012-2015 (453,674 records) recorded in the city of Olsztyn (Poland), which is characterized by a cold climate type (Dfb). The values of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative air humidity, wind speed, and UTCI were used for a statistical analysis and a mathematical analysis of curve fitting in order to determine correlations between analyzed meteorological parameters and a number of medical consultations for RTI. Analysis of the number of medical consultations for RTI revealed an evident seasonal pattern in a 4-year observation period, with a strong inverse correlation between the number of patients with RTI and the UTCI. A statistically significant increase in the number of patients with RTI appeared when the UTCI decreased, especially when it reached the classes of strong cold stress and very strong cold stress. In conclusion, the UTCI is a valuable predictive parameter for forecasting seasonal increases in RTI cases. Its decrease may initiate a seasonal increased prevalence. This effect is strongest about the 10th day following a change in the thermal climate conditions and is not continuous. A larger number of consultations for RTI after weekends and holidays (the Monday effect) may blur the results of statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Romaszko
- School of Medicine, Family Medicine Unit, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Rafał Skutecki
- School of Medicine, Family Medicine Unit, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Bocheński
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Cymes
- Department of Water Resources, Climatology and Environmental Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Dragańska
- Department of Water Resources, Climatology and Environmental Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Jastrzębski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irena Morocka-Tralle
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Rakesh Jalali
- School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk
- Department of Water Resources, Climatology and Environmental Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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42
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Wen S, Lv F, Chen X, Zhu L, Li H, Lin L, Zhang H. Application of a nucleic acid-based multiplex kit to identify viral and atypical bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1211-1218. [PMID: 31225788 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunhang Wen
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fangfang Lv
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
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43
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Obando-Pacheco P, Justicia-Grande AJ, Rivero-Calle I, Rodríguez-Tenreiro C, Sly P, Ramilo O, Mejías A, Baraldi E, Papadopoulos NG, Nair H, Nunes MC, Kragten-Tabatabaie L, Heikkinen T, Greenough A, Stein RT, Manzoni P, Bont L, Martinón-Torres F. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasonality: A Global Overview. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1356-1364. [PMID: 29390105 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children. By the age of 1 year, 60%-70% of children have been infected by RSV. In addition, early-life RSV infection is associated with the development of recurrent wheezing and asthma in infancy and childhood. The need for precise epidemiologic data regarding RSV as a worldwide pathogen has been growing steadily as novel RSV therapeutics are reaching the final stages of development. To optimize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of RSV infection in a timely manner, knowledge about the differences in the timing of the RSV epidemics worldwide is needed. Previous analyses, based on literature reviews of individual reports obtained from medical databases, have failed to provide global country seasonality patterns. Until recently, only certain countries have been recording RSV incidence through their own surveillance systems. This analysis was based on national RSV surveillance reports and medical databases from 27 countries worldwide. This is the first study to use original-source, high-quality surveillance data to establish a global, robust, and homogeneous report on global country-specific RSV seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Obando-Pacheco
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago.,GENVIP Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio José Justicia-Grande
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago.,GENVIP Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago.,GENVIP Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago.,GENVIP Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Peter Sly
- Children's Lung Environment and Asthma Research, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Asunción Mejías
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Torino, Italy
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Department of Allergy, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Greece.,Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harish Nair
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Julius Clinical, University Medical Center Utrecht, Zeist
| | - Terho Heikkinen
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finl
| | - Anne Greenough
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,MRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London
| | - Renato T Stein
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Pontifícia Universidade Católica RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Neonataology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S Anna Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Louis Bont
- Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago.,GENVIP Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Respiratory syncytial virus network (ReSViNET), Zeist
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44
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Teck KS, Mac Guad R, Van Rostenberghe AH, Hua GS. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infections in Kelantan, Malaysia. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1608-1615. [PMID: 31074499 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen affecting the respiratory tract in infants. To date, there is limited data on RSV occurrence in Malaysia especially in the northeast of Peninsular Malaysia which is significantly affected by the rainy (monsoon) season. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors (the presence of a male sibling and older school-age siblings, parental education level, monthly income, chronic lung disease, immunocompromised, being a passive smoker, multipara, breastfeeding, prematurity, congenital heart disease, nursery attendance, and rainy season) as well as clinical manifestations of RSV in hospitalized infants and children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Patients' nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for RSV antigen, questionnaires, and seasonal variations were used to assess RSV infection. Approximately 22.6% of children were infected with RSV; mean age 7.68 ± 5.45 months. The peak incidence of RSV as a causative agent for LRTI in infants was less than or equal to 1-year old (83%) with approximately 50.5% of the affected children in the younger age group (6 months amd below). RSV infection was significantly but independently associated with the rainy season (odds ratio, 3.307; 95% confidence interval, 1.443-3.688; P < 0.001). The infection was also associated ( P < 0.05) with a higher number of severe clinical courses, poor feeding, vomiting, increased need for medical care and a shorter mean duration of symptoms before hospital admission. Our study suggested administration of the passive prophylaxis for RSV to high-risk infants during the rainy season in the months of October to January.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kew Seih Teck
- Department of Medical Based Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Gan Siew Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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45
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Chong YM, Tan XH, Hooi PS, Lee LM, Sam IC, Chan YF. Evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for influenza A and B in the tropics. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1562-1565. [PMID: 31032971 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of influenza is important for early treatment and institution of control measures. In developing tropical countries such as Malaysia, influenza occurs all year round, but molecular assays and conventional techniques (such as immunofluorescence and culture) for diagnosis are not widely available. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) may be useful in this setting. A total of 552 fresh respiratory specimens were assessed from patients with respiratory symptoms at a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 2017 to March 2018. Two digital immunoassays (DIAs), STANDARD F Influenza A/B Fluorescence Immunoassay (STANDARD F) and Sofia Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay (Sofia) and one conventional RIDT (immunochromatographic assay), SD Bioline Influenza Ag A/B/A(H1N1) Pandemic rapid test kit (SD Bioline) were evaluated in comparison with a WHO-recommended reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Of the 552 samples, influenza A virus was detected in 47 (8.5%) and influenza B virus in 7 (1.3%). The digital immunoassays STANDARD F and Sofia had significantly higher overall sensitivity rates (71.7% and 70.6%, respectively) than the conventional RIDT SD Bioline and immunofluorescence/viral culture (55.8% and 52.8%, respectively). Sensitivity rates were higher for influenza A than influenza B, and specificity rates were uniformly high, ranging from 98% to 100%. Digital readout RIDTs can be used in tropical settings with year-round influenza if PCR is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Min Chong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiu Hui Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poh Sim Hooi
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lu Mei Lee
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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46
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Buchan SA, Chung H, Karnauchow T, McNally JD, Campitelli MA, Gubbay JB, Katz K, McGeer AJ, Richardson DC, Richardson SE, Simor A, Smieja M, Zahariadis G, Tran D, Crowcroft NS, Rosella LC, Kwong JC. Characteristics and Outcomes of Young Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-confirmed Influenza or Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Ontario, Canada, 2009-2014. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:362-369. [PMID: 30882725 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory illnesses are a major contributor to pediatric hospitalizations, with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causing substantial morbidity and cost each season. We compared the characteristics and outcomes of children 0-59 months of age who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza or RSV between 2009 and 2014 in Ontario, Canada. METHODS We included hospitalized children who were tested for influenza A, influenza B and RSV and were positive for a single virus. We characterized individuals by their demographics and healthcare utilization patterns and compared their hospital outcomes, in-hospital cost and postdischarge healthcare use by virus type and by presence of underlying comorbidities. RESULTS We identified and analyzed 7659 hospitalizations during which a specimen tested positive for influenza or RSV. Children with RSV were the youngest whereas children with influenza B were the oldest [median ages 6 months (interquartile range: 2-17 months) and 25 months (interquartile range: 10-45 months), respectively]. Complex chronic conditions were more prevalent among children with all influenza (sub)types than RSV (31%-34% versus 20%). In-hospital outcomes were similar by virus type, but in children with comorbidities, postdischarge outcomes varied. We observed no differences in in-hospital cost between viruses or by presence of comorbidities [overall median cost: $4150 Canadian dollars (interquartile range: $3710-$4948)]. CONCLUSIONS Influenza and RSV account for large numbers of pediatric hospitalizations. RSV and influenza were similar in terms of severity and cost in hospitalized children. Influenza vaccination should be promoted in pregnant women and young children, and a vaccine against RSV would mitigate the high burden of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Buchan
- From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hannah Chung
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Karnauchow
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Katz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allison J McGeer
- From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Susan E Richardson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Simor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George Zahariadis
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Newfoundland & Labrador Public Health Laboratory, St. John's, NF&L, Canada
| | - Dat Tran
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics
| | - Natasha S Crowcroft
- From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Divarathne MVM, Ahamed RR, Noordeen F. The Impact of RSV-Associated Respiratory Disease on Children in Asia. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2019; 14:79-88. [PMID: 32300274 PMCID: PMC7117084 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1637752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are leading contributors to the global infectious disease burden, which is estimated to be 112,900,000 disability adjusted life years. Viruses contribute to the etiology of ARTIs in a big way compared with other microorganisms. Since the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 61 years ago, the virus has been recognized as a major cause of ARTI and hospitalization in children. The morbidity and mortality attributable to RSV infection appear to be higher in infants < 3 months and in those with known risk factors such as prematurity, chronic lung, and congenital heart diseases. Crowded living conditions, exposure to tobacco smoke, and industrial or other types of air pollution also increase the risk of RSV-associated ARTI. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in developed countries to understand the seasonal patterns and risk factors associated with RSV infections. Dearth of information on RSV-associated morbidity and mortality in Asian and developing countries indicates the need for regional reviews to evaluate RSV-associated disease burden in these countries. Epidemiological studies including surveillance is the key to track the disease burden including risk factors, seasonality, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV infection in these countries. These data will contribute to improve the clinical diagnosis and plan preventive strategies in resource-limited developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukshan Rafeek Ahamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Faseeha Noordeen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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48
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Toh TH, Hii KC, Fieldhouse JK, Ting J, Berita A, Nguyen TT, Wong SC, Wong TM, Lim WH, Ha SJ, Lau CZ, Kong SL, Bailey ES, Warkentien TE, Husain TS, Gray GC. High Prevalence of Viral Infections Among Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in Equatorial Sarawak, Malaysia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz074. [PMID: 30949525 PMCID: PMC6440682 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although pneumonia is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in Sarawak, Malaysia, the etiology and epidemiology of pneumonia are not well described in this equatorial region. Routine clinical diagnostics for pneumonia etiology at government hospitals in Sarawak had historically involved only bacterial diagnostics. Viral diagnostics were only obtained through outside consultations. Methods From June 15, 2017 to May 14, 2018, we collected nasopharyngeal swabs from 600 patients of all ages older than 1 month hospitalized with pneumonia at Sibu and Kapit Hospitals. Specimens were examined at our collaborating institutions with a panel of molecular assays for viral pathogens including influenza A (IAV), IBV, ICV, and IDV, human adenovirus (AdV), human enterovirus (EV), human coronavirus (CoV), respiratory syncytial virus subtype A (RSV-A) or RSV-B, and parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1–4. Results Of 599 samples examined, 288 (48%) had molecular evidence of 1 or more respiratory viruses. Overall, the most prevalent virus detected was RSV-A (14.2%) followed by AdV (10.4%) and IAV (10.4%), then RSV-B (6.2%), EV (4.2%), IBV (2.2%), PIV-3 (1.7%), CoV (1.0%), PIV-1 (1.0%), PIV-4 (0.7%), and PIV-2 (0.2%). No specimens were confirmed positive for ICV or IDV. Conclusions The high prevalence of viruses detected in this study suggest that respiratory viruses may be responsible for considerable morbidity in equatorial regions such as Sarawak. Access to viral diagnostics are very necessary for medical staff to determine appropriate pneumonia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck-Hock Toh
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak.,Department of Paediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Ching Hii
- Department of Paediatrics, Kapit Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jane K Fieldhouse
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jakie Ting
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Antoinette Berita
- Department of Paediatrics, Kapit Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Tham Thi Nguyen
- Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - See-Chang Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Toh-Mee Wong
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak.,Department of Medicine, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Honn Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak
| | - Siaw-Jing Ha
- Department of Paediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuet-Zou Lau
- Department of Paediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak
| | - Sing-Ling Kong
- Department of Paediatrics, Kapit Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Emily S Bailey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Gregory C Gray
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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49
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Sultana M, Sarker AR, Sheikh N, Akram R, Ali N, Mahumud RA, Alam NH. Prevalence, determinants and health care-seeking behavior of childhood acute respiratory tract infections in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210433. [PMID: 30629689 PMCID: PMC6328134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the leading causes of child mortality worldwide and contribute significant health burden for developing nations such as Bangladesh. Seeking care and prompt management is crucial to reduce disease severity and to prevent associated morbidity and mortality. Objective This study investigated the prevalence and care-seeking behaviors among under-five children in Bangladesh and identified factors associated with ARI prevalence and subsequent care-seeking behaviors. Method The present study analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey. Bivariate analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of ARIs and associated care-seeking. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing socio-economic and demographic predictors. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Result Among 6,566 under-five children, 5.42% had experienced ARI symptoms, care being sought for 90% of affected children. Prevalence was significantly higher among children < 2 years old, and among males. Children from poorer and the poorest quintiles of households were 2.40 (95% CI = 1.12, 5.15) and 2.36 (95% CI = 1.06, 5.24) times more likely to suffer from ARIs compared to the wealthiest group. Seeking care was significantly higher among female children (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.94, 5.12). The likelihood of seeking care was less for children belonging to the poorest quintile compared to the richest (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.55). Seeking care from untrained providers was 3.74 more likely among rural residents compared to urban (RRR = 3.74, 95% CI = 1.10, 12.77). Conclusion ARIs continue to contribute high disease burden among under-five children in Bangladesh lacking of appropriate care-seeking behavior. Various factors, such as age and sex of the children, wealth index, the education of the mother, and household lifestyle factors were significantly associated with ARI prevalence and care-seeking behaviors. In addition to public-private actions to increase service accessibility for poorer households, equitable and efficient service distribution and interventions targeting households with low socio-economic status and lower education level, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Sultana
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdur Razzaque Sarker
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nurnabi Sheikh
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raisul Akram
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nausad Ali
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nur Haque Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Wen X, Huang Q, Tao H, Zou W, Gao M, Guo H, Yao X, Cui D, Wang X. Clinical characteristics and viral etiologies of outpatients with acute respiratory infections in Huzhou of China: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30621623 PMCID: PMC6325799 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are commonly found in patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). However, the viral etiologies and clinical characteristics of outpatients with ARIs are poorly understood in China. Here, we identified the viral etiologies in outpatients with ARIs in Huzhou, China. RESULTS Our results indicated that of 426 outpatients, 246 were positive for viruses. Of them, 221 were positive for a single virus, including influenza A, which comprised H3N2 (28.5%) and pandemic H1N1 (2009) (19.0%), enterovirus (10.4%), and influenza B (8.6%). Other single viruses were detected at less than 8.0%. Twenty-five patients were positively coinfected with two viruses. The prevalent viruses in coinfections were rhinovirus and H3N2 virus (28.0%). Viruses were major pathogens in young children (< 5 years) (75.0%). Coinfections were prevalent in older adults (11.9%) and young children (9.5%). Virus-positive outpatients presented higher temperatures and more sore throat, fatigue and shortness of breath than virus-negative outpatients. ARIs and most virus detections peaked during the winter, but enteroviruses emerged between April and September. CONCLUSION Viruses are major agents of ARIs among outpatients in Huzhou, China. There was a variation in the distribution of viruses across different age groups and seasons. These findings are beneficial for planning prevention and treatment services for outpatients with ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wen
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qiuling Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Laboratory & Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Weihua Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xing Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
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