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Friedrich J, Rupp M, Feng YS, Sudeck G. Occupational health literacy and work ability: a moderation analysis including interpersonal and organizational factors in healthy organizations. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1243138. [PMID: 38384890 PMCID: PMC10879437 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1243138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthy organizations approach to occupational safety and health should holistically include individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. There is an empirical research gap in considering different levels in organizations for health promotion in the context of maximizing work ability. This study aims to investigate the association of (1) occupational health literacy (on an individual level), (2) health-oriented leadership (interpersonal level), (3) participation possibilities in health, and (4) values of health in companies (both organizational levels) on work ability. Additionally, we examined the potentially moderating role of health-oriented leadership, participation possibilities in health, and values of health between occupational health literacy and work ability. Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained from 828 employers and employees in small and medium-sized enterprises. Self-report measures included occupational health literacy, health-oriented leadership, work ability, participation possibilities in health at work, and values of health in the company. Occupational health literacy comprises two factors: a knowledge-/skill-based approach to occupational health and a willingness/responsibility for occupational health. Participation possibilities in health are measured regarding participatory opportunities and co-creation of health at work. Values of health in the company capture the importance of health in the workplace and the scope for improving employees' health. Data were analyzed using latent regression and latent moderation analyses controlling for age, gender, and educational level. Results Occupational health literacy (knowledge-/skill-based), health-oriented leadership, participation possibilities in health, and values of health in companies showed positive associations with work ability. Health-oriented leadership on an interpersonal level was found to moderate the positive relationship between (knowledge-/skill-based) occupational health literacy and work ability. Participation possibilities in health on an organizational level acted as a moderator on the relationship between both occupational health literacy factors and work ability. Discussion Individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors play important roles in maintaining work ability in healthy organizations. This study highlights the importance of promoting occupational health literacy among employees and leaders, creating a healthy workplace through health-oriented leadership, and providing participatory opportunities for co-creation in health promotion at work. Future research should further explore these factors' roles in different industries and contexts and how they may be addressed effectively in tailored workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Friedrich
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität, Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maylin Rupp
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität, Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - You-Shan Feng
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Selander K, Nikunlaakso R, Korkiakangas E, Sinervo T, Laitinen J. Association of poor perceived work ability and psychosocial work-related factors in health and social service worker age groups: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066506. [PMID: 36878661 PMCID: PMC9990690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous work ability studies have primarily focused on old workers and physical health. This study investigated how poor perceived work ability (PPWA) is associated with work-related factors in different health and social service (HSS) worker age groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey in 2020. SETTING HSS employees (general HSS and eldercare) in nine Finnish public sector organisations. PARTICIPANTS All employees who were employed in the organisation completed self-reported questionnaires. Of the original sample (N=24 459, response rate 67%), 22 528 gave consent for research use. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants evaluated their psychosocial work environment and work ability. Lowest decile of work ability was categorised as poor. The association between psychosocial work-related factors and PPWA in different age-groups of HSS workers, adjusting for perceived health, was analysed with logistic regression. RESULTS The proportion of PPWA was highest in shift workers, eldercare employees, practical nurses and registered nurses. Considerable variation between age groups exists in the work-related psychosocial factors associated with PPWA. Among young employees engaging leadership and working time and work task autonomy were statistically significant, whereas in middle-aged and old employees procedural justice and ethical strain were highlighted. The strength of the association with perceived health also differs in age groups (young: OR=3.77, 95% CI 3.30 to 4.30; middle-aged: OR=4.66, 95% CI 4.22 to 5.14; old: OR=6.16, 95% CI 5.20 to 7.18). CONCLUSIONS Young employees would benefit from engaging leadership and mentoring, and from more working time and work task autonomy. As employees get older they would benefit more from job modification and from ethical and just organisation culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timo Sinervo
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Heinonen N, Lallukka T, Lahti J, Pietiläinen O, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Katainen A, Kouvonen A. Working Conditions and Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Record Linkage Cohort Study Among 19- to 39-Year-Old Female Municipal Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:105-114. [PMID: 34723911 PMCID: PMC8812422 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between working conditions and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) among younger female public sector employees from different employment sectors. METHODS Survey data collected in 2017 (n = 3048) among 19- to 39-year-old female employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were used to examine job demands, job control, physical workload, computer work, and covariates. Register data on LTSA-MD were used over 1-year follow-up. Negative binomial regression models were applied. RESULTS Adverse psychosocial and physical working conditions were associated with higher LTSA-MD during the follow-up. Health and social care workers had the highest number of days of LTSA-MD. CONCLUSION Working conditions are important factors when aiming to prevent LTSA-MD among younger employees, in the health and social care sector in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Heinonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (Heinonen, Dr Nordquist, Dr Katainen, and Dr Kouvonen); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (Dr Olli, Dr Nordquist, and Dr Mänty); South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland (Dr Nordquist); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Unit of strategy and research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland (Dr Mänty); Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK (Dr Kouvonen)
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Burr H, Lange S, Freyer M, Formazin M, Rose U, Nielsen ML, Conway PM. Physical and psychosocial working conditions as predictors of 5-year changes in work ability among 2078 employees in Germany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:153-168. [PMID: 34175972 PMCID: PMC8755707 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine 5-year prospective associations between working conditions and work ability among employees in Germany. METHODS A cohort study (2011/2012-2017), based on a random sample of employees in employments subject to payment of social contributions aged 31-60 years (Study on Mental Health at Work; S-MGA; N = 2,078), included data on physical and quantitative demands, control (influence, possibilities for development, control over working time), relations (role clarity and leadership quality) and work ability (Work Ability Index, WAI; subscale 'subjective work ability and resources'). Data were analysed using linear regression. RESULTS Physical demands and control were associated with small 5-year changes in work ability (ΔR2 = 1%). Among the subgroup of employees with ≥ 25 sickness days, possibilities for development, control and quality of leadership were associated with changes in work ability (ΔR2 = 8%). CONCLUSIONS The impact of working conditions on long term changes in work ability seems to be negligible. However, in vulnerable subpopulations experiencing poor health, working conditions may be associated to a larger extent to work ability over this time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Lange
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Freyer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Formazin
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Rose
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
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Stassen G, Grieben C, Hottenrott N, Rudolf K, Froböse I, Schaller A. Associations between health-related skills and young adults' work ability within a structural health literacy model. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:1072-1083. [PMID: 33319224 PMCID: PMC8405247 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adults have a high societal relevance but are still an under-represented target group in health promotion. Health literacy is widely acknowledged as one of the strongest predictors and key determinant of health, so its influence on work ability is of great interest. The purpose of the study was to examine the associations between health-related skills and work ability within the structural model of health literacy of Lenartz, Soellner and colleagues, which explains health behaviour and health through the indirect and direct influence of six 'advanced skills' ('self-perception', 'proactive approach to health', 'dealing with health information', 'self-control', 'self-regulation' and 'communication and cooperation'). The cross-sectional study was based on baseline data of a health literacy promotion intervention (495 vocational school students, 59.0% female, age span 18-25 years). Structural equation modelling with partial least squares was used to examine the associations between the six constructs of the model and the Work Ability Index (WAI). Mean WAI score was 39.7 ± 4.5 (51.1% categorized 'moderate'/'poor'). Five out of six constructs of the model showed a statistically significant indirect or direct effect, respectively, on work ability. The model explained 24.8% of the WAI score variance. Our findings show associations between the health literacy model and the work ability among young employees. In view of demographic change, it is crucial to develop and analyse target group-specific health literacy interventions. The model offers new facets in the modelling of health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Stassen
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Grieben
- Department 1: Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Hottenrott
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kevin Rudolf
- Department 1: Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Froböse
- Department 1: Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schaller
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Fischer FM, Martinez MC, Alfredo CH, Silva-Junior JS, Oakman J, Cotrim T, Fisher D, Popkin S, Petery GA, Schulte PA. Aging and the Future of Decent Work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178898. [PMID: 34501488 PMCID: PMC8431169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The United Nations identified decent work and economic growth as a sustainable development goal for 2030. Decent work is a term that sums up aspirations for people in their working lives. One of the factors that influences the achievement of decent work is aging. This article examines how aspects of aging and organizational factors affect work ability across the lifespan and throughout one's work career. Additionally, the critical issue of worker physical mobility was also addressed as a practical limitation to functional aging. Through our investigation, we identified gaps in the literature where research and interventions should be promoted. These include early disability studies; population dashboards of workers' health metrics; intervention and cost effectiveness in health promotion and prevention of early functional aging at work; policies for tailoring demands to individual needs and abilities; and inequities of social protection for aging workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Marina Fischer
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (F.M.F.); (C.H.A.)
| | | | - Camila Helaehil Alfredo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (F.M.F.); (C.H.A.)
| | | | - Jodi Oakman
- Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Teresa Cotrim
- Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Donald Fisher
- Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (D.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Stephen Popkin
- Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (D.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Gretchen A. Petery
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA;
| | - Paul A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Louwerse I, Huysmans MA, van Rijssen HJ, Gielen CLI, van der Beek AJ, Anema JR. Use of a Decision Support Tool on Prognosis of Work Ability in Work Disability Assessments: An Experimental Study Among Insurance Physicians. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:185-196. [PMID: 32529340 PMCID: PMC7954760 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Assessment of prognosis of work disability is a challenging task for occupational health professionals. An evidence-based decision support tool, based on a prediction model, could aid professionals in the decision-making process. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of such a tool on Dutch insurance physicians' (IPs) prognosis of work ability and their prognostic confidence, and assess IPs' attitudes towards use of the tool. Methods We conducted an experimental study including six case vignettes among 29 IPs. For each vignette, IPs first specified their own prognosis of future work ability and prognostic confidence. Next, IPs were informed about the outcome of the prediction model and asked whether this changed their initial prognosis and prognostic confidence. Finally, respondents reported their attitude towards use of the tool in real practice. Results The concordance between IPs' prognosis and the outcome of the prediction model was low: IPs' prognosis was more positive in 72 (41%) and more negative in 20 (11%) cases. Using the decision support tool, IPs changed their prognosis in only 13% of the cases. IPs prognostic confidence decreased when prognosis was discordant, and remained unchanged when it was concordant. Concerning attitudes towards use, the wish to know more about the tool was considered as the main barrier. Conclusion The efficacy of the tool on IPs' prognosis of work ability and their prognostic confidence was low. Although the perceived barriers were overall limited, only a minority of the IPs indicated that they would be willing to use the tool in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Louwerse
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Institute of Employee Benefit Schemes (UWV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-VUmc-UWV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M A Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-VUmc-UWV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J van Rijssen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute of Employee Benefit Schemes (UWV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-VUmc-UWV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C L I Gielen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute of Employee Benefit Schemes (UWV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-VUmc-UWV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-VUmc-UWV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, AMC-UMCG-VUmc-UWV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Schaaijk A, Noor Baloch A, Thomée S, Frings-Dresen M, Hagberg M, Nieuwenhuijsen K. Mediating Factors for the Relationship between Stress and Work Ability over Time in Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2530. [PMID: 32272748 PMCID: PMC7177359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress can affect work ability. The aim of this study was to identify how this pathway is mediated over time in young adults. Participants of the Work Ability in Young Adults cohort were selected. A theoretical framework was built, which lead to a statistical model. Selected dimensions of mediators were recovery, work demands affecting private life, feelings of control over private life, and physical activity in leisure time. A quadruple serial mediation model was built with four mediators. The total effect of stress on work ability was -0.3955, 95% CI [-0.4764, -0.3146]. The total indirect effect amounted to 81% with an effect of -0.3182, 95% CI [-0.3750, -0.2642]. The relationship between stress and Work Ability Score five years later in young adults was mediated by stress five years later, work demands affecting private life, feelings of control over private life and feeling well-rested upon waking. These results indicate that work demands affecting private life and feelings of control over private life are important mediators of the relationship between stress and work ability in young adults. A well-balanced relationship between work and private life can counteract the influence of stress on work ability in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Art van Schaaijk
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef 9, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.F.-D.); (K.N.)
| | - Adnan Noor Baloch
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Sara Thomée
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 500, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Monique Frings-Dresen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef 9, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.F.-D.); (K.N.)
| | - Mats Hagberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 414, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Karen Nieuwenhuijsen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef 9, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.F.-D.); (K.N.)
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Predictors of Work Ability in Individuals With a Common Mental Disorder: Is There an Effect of Metacognitive Beliefs Among Poor Physical Health and Emotional Distress? BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2019.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWork ability is a prospective predictor of sick leave, disability pension and unemployment, and has been defined as the balance between human resources and the demands of work, taking into consideration that illness is not equivalent to work disability. In the present study we set out to explore predictors of work ability in a sample of individuals with common mental disorders. In particular, we were interested in exploring metacognitive beliefs as a potential predictor of work ability, as Wells’ (2009) metacognitive model of psychological disorder suggests that metacognitions may be an underlying factor in psychological vulnerability generally, and they have been associated with work status in previous studies. One hundred and seventy-seven individuals participated in an online survey and completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Several factors correlated with reduced work ability: physical disorders, emotional distress symptoms and metacognitive beliefs. We found that confidence in memory predicted work ability even when controlling for gender/age, number of physical disorders, and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. This finding suggest that metacognitions of poor memory performance are associated with low work ability among those with common mental disorders, and implies that these should be targeted in treatment with a view to increasing work ability and thus potentially facilitate return to work.
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Perceived Work Ability Index of Public Service Employees in Relation to Ageing and Gender: A Comparison in Three European Countries. Zdr Varst 2019; 58:179-188. [PMID: 31636726 PMCID: PMC6778419 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing longevity raised the prospect of a workplace for ageing workers. Previous studies reveal that work ability decreases with age, even among the healthy, and decreased significantly with age among women. The aim of the study is to examine the perception of work ability of public sector employees aged 55 years and older and gender differences in three European countries. Methods A prospective longitudinal study design and standardized “Work Ability Index” (WAI) were used. This study analysed the relationship between ageing, gender, and perceived work ability among 1653 employees aged 45.06±10.90 years (562 men and 1091 women) from Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Monte Negro. The research was conducted in 2018. Results Older employees had a better WAI than their younger colleagues (P<0.001). The lowest prevalence rate 20% of excellent WAI was between 35 and 44 years of age. The reduction of WAI in Bosnia and Herzegovina was huge 68%, compared with 30% in Monte Negro (more than 2 times) and 14% in Spain (almost 5 times more). Conclusion Gender and age was not protector and predictor of excellent or reduced work ability. Work ability did not decrease with age among women and men, public sector employees. Work ability depends of health and safety, promotion and preventive activities at the workplace.
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Cotrim TP, Ribeiro C, Teles J, Reis V, Guerreiro MJ, Janicas AS, Candeias S, Costa M. Monitoring Work Ability Index During a Two-Year Period Among Portuguese Municipality Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3674. [PMID: 31574922 PMCID: PMC6801601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Portugal, little is known about the work ability profiles of municipal workers and their changes during working life. In order to characterize and understand the changes in work ability among municipal workers, a prospective study was designed to begin in 2015 in the municipality of Sintra, in the surroundings of Lisbon, and to collect data every two years. The present paper aims at characterizing the changes in the work ability of those workers between 2015 and 2017 and to identify the main predictors. Data collection was based on a questionnaire that encompassed socio-demographic data, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II), the Nordic questionnaire adapted, and the Work Ability Index (WAI). In this two-year period, the work ability of municipal workers decreased and the main predictive factors were age, lower-back pain, negative health perception, the presence of burnout, and making manual efforts. Still, there were factors that act as positive predictors of an excellent work ability, such as having training in the previous two years, a good sense of community at work, and a favorable meaning of work. In summary, the intervention strategies in the work field should take into consideration the main predictors of work ability that are relevant for each organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Patrone Cotrim
- Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
- CIAUD, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-063 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Camila Ribeiro
- Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Júlia Teles
- Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Reis
- Health and Safety Department, Municipality of Sintra, 2710-437 Sintra, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Guerreiro
- Health and Safety Department, Municipality of Sintra, 2710-437 Sintra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Janicas
- Health and Safety Department, Municipality of Sintra, 2710-437 Sintra, Portugal.
| | - Susana Candeias
- Health and Safety Department, Municipality of Sintra, 2710-437 Sintra, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Costa
- Health and Safety Department, Municipality of Sintra, 2710-437 Sintra, Portugal.
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Pak K, Kooij DT, De Lange AH, Van Veldhoven MJ. Human Resource Management and the ability, motivation and opportunity to continue working: A review of quantitative studies. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hanvold TN, Kines P, Nykänen M, Thomée S, Holte KA, Vuori J, Wærsted M, Veiersted KB. Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:3-20. [PMID: 30949376 PMCID: PMC6429009 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pete Kines
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikko Nykänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Thomée
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jukka Vuori
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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van Schaaijk A, Nieuwenhuijsen K, Frings-Dresen MHW, Sluiter JK. Reproducibility of work ability and work functioning instruments. Occup Med (Lond) 2019; 68:116-119. [PMID: 29471533 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Work ability (WA) and work functioning (WF) instruments can be useful in occupational health practice. The reproducibility of both instruments is important to their relevance for daily practice. Clinimetrics concerns the methodological and statistical quality of instruments and their performance in practice. Aims To assess the reproducibility of WA and WF instruments. Methods Dutch workers completed a questionnaire containing WA questions and the WF questionnaire twice with a 7-day interval between. The questionnaire included an appraisal of current general, physical and mental/emotional WA (0-10) and the composite WF questionnaire of 49 items (0-100). We measured reproducibility, reliability and agreement by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest detectable change (SDC). Results The answers of 104 respondents were available for analysis. General, physical and mental/emotional WA had ICC values of 0.52, 0.69 and 0.56, respectively. For WF, the ICC value was 0.85. For general WA, the SEM was 0.71. For physical and mental/emotional WA, the SEMs were 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. For general, physical and mental/emotional WA, the SDC was 1.98, 2.09 and 2.05 respectively. The SEM of the WF score was 4.78, and the SDC was 13.25. Conclusions The WA questions showed moderate reliability, while the WF instrument showed good reliability. Occupational health professionals can use the SDCs of the instruments to monitor changes in WA and WF in workers over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Schaaijk
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Nieuwenhuijsen
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M H W Frings-Dresen
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J K Sluiter
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Meibergdreef, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Moura DCAD, Greco RM, Paschoalin HC, Portela LF, Arreguy-Sena C, Chaoubah A. Psychological demand and control of the work process of public university servants. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:481-490. [PMID: 29412406 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018232.13892015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional research aimed to analyze the psychological demand and work control self-reported by the Education Administrative Technicians of a public university. This is a complete sample selection consisting of 833 Education Administrative Technicians who self-completed a questionnaire with questions structured in 2013/2014. A descriptive bivariate analysis was performed with the calculation of psychosocial stress at work, using the Demand-Control Model quadrants categorized as: low-demand work (low-demand and high-control), reference group, passive work (low-demand and low-control), active work (high-demand and high-control), high-demand (high-demand and low-control) - group with the highest exposure. The study complies with all ethical and legal research requirements involving human beings. There was a predominance of the category of workers performing passive work (n = 319, 39.7%), low work demand (n = 274, 34.1%), high work demand (n = 116, 14.4%) and active work (n = 95, 11.8%). There were contributions from the investigation on the health of these workers insofar as they provided a diagnosis of the category. There is a recommendation for such data to support interventions to empower them and retailor jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Cristina Alves de Moura
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Faculdade de Enfermagem, Martelos. 36036-330 Juiz de Fora MG Brasil.
| | - Rosangela Maria Greco
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Faculdade de Enfermagem, Martelos. 36036-330 Juiz de Fora MG Brasil.
| | - Heloisa Campos Paschoalin
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Faculdade de Enfermagem, Martelos. 36036-330 Juiz de Fora MG Brasil.
| | | | - Cristina Arreguy-Sena
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Faculdade de Enfermagem, Martelos. 36036-330 Juiz de Fora MG Brasil.
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Decrease in Work Ability Index and sickness absence during the following year: a two-year follow-up study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:883-894. [PMID: 28795227 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a 2-year follow-up design, we examined whether changes in work ability during 1 year predicted sickness absence in the following year. METHODS Workers (N = 1408) from the Japanese information technology sector each completed the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in 2011 and 2012. Absence data during 2013 was obtained from employees' computerized attendance records. We used psychological distress as evaluated by the GHQ; job stress and job support calculated using the BJSQ; and job title, sex, and age as potential confounding variables. RESULTS Thirty-five employees had at least one sickness absence lasting more than seven consecutive days in 2013. Forty-nine percent of sickness absences were due to mental illness, and the others were due to orthopedic disease (20%), cancer (9%), and other illnesses (23%). Decrease in WAI scores from 2011 to 2012 predicted sickness absence in 2013 (Odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.27). This association remained unaltered after adjusting for sex, age, job title, WAI score from the year before, job stress, job support, and GHQ score (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25). We analyzed this association separately by reason for absence: mental or other illness. WAI score decreases predicted sickness absence for both reasons (OR for mental illness 1.24, 95% CI 1.14-1.36; OR for other illnesses 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.24). CONCLUSIONS Decrease in work ability during the year predicts sickness absence in the following year while predictive power was weak.
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Sedentary Behavior and Musculoskeletal Discomfort Are Reduced When Office Workers Trial an Activity-Based Work Environment. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:924-31. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Godinho MR, Ferreira AP, Greco RM, Teixeira LR, Teixeira MTB. Work ability and health of security guards at a public University: a cross-sectional study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2016; 24:e2725. [PMID: 27463107 PMCID: PMC4982441 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.0616.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the work ability and health status of security guards at a public
University. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried with 119
security guards. The following instruments were used: Work Ability Index (WAI),
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ, short), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT),
Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), and Demand-Control-Support (DCS). Descriptive
statistics were used to describe the study samples and the Spearman's coefficient
correlation was performed to assess the WAI. Significance level was set at 5%.
Results: samples were composed by men; the mean age was 54.9 years (SD=5.7); 80% had
partners, and 75% had basic education. The majority (95%) had only one job, the
average length of service was 24.8 years (SD=11), ranging from 3 to 43 years.
88.9% worked ≤40 hours and 75% did not work at night shift or rotating shifts. The
average score given to work ability was good (40.7 points), with significant
correlation to social support at work (p-value=0.002), health conditions
(p-value=0.094), and depression symptoms (p-value=0.054). Conclusion: this study showed that many characteristics might affect the work ability scores.
Considering the results, we note that healthy life habits and a reorganization of
work environments should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldo Pacheco Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Maria Greco
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Liliane Reis Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Experiences of work ability in young workers: an exploratory interview study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:629-40. [PMID: 26515185 PMCID: PMC4828488 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of and influences on work ability in young workers related to their work and life situation.
Methods In a qualitative study of a strategic sample of 12 young female and 12 young male workers, aged 25–30 years, in work or recently left work, recruited from the 5-year follow-up of a Swedish cohort, semi-structured interviews were performed to explore the experiences of work ability in these young workers. Systematic text condensation inspired by phenomenology was used in the analysis. Results Work ability was experienced as complex, consisting of four themes, each with three subthemes. To be alert and have energy, to possess sufficient education, skills and working life experience and experience meaningfulness and engagement in work, were perceived to be fundamental for work ability and were seen as the worker’s own responsibility. Moreover, work ability can be improved or reduced by the psychosocial work climate, the work organization and the private life. Optimal work ability was experienced when all themes integrated in a positive way. Conclusions Work ability was experienced as the worker’s own responsibility that could be influenced by work circumstances and private life. To promote good work ability among young workers, work ability has to be understood in its specific context. Whether the understanding of work ability found in this study is explicit for the group of young adults needs to be explored in a more general population in further research.
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Martinez MC, do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre M, Fischer FM. A cohort study of psychosocial work stressors on work ability among Brazilian hospital workers. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:795-806. [PMID: 26010237 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital work is characterized by stressors that can influence work ability. The present study aims to assess the association between psychosocial work stressors and changes in work ability in a group of Brazilian hospital employees. METHODS From 1,022 workers included in a 3-year cohort started in 2009, 423 (41.4%) returned the applied questionnaires in 2012. Changes in work ability were considered as the dependent variable and the investigated psychosocial work stressors as independent variables. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential con-founders (demographic, occupational features, social support, overcommitment, and situations liable to cause pain/injury). RESULTS High levels of exposure to psychosocial work stressors were significantly associated with decreased work ability: job strain (OR = 2.81), effort-reward imbalance (OR = 3.21). CONCLUSION Strategies to reduce psychosocial work stressors should be considered to maintain hospital employees' work ability. Such strategies have implications for institutional and social policies and might be included in quality management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frida Marina Fischer
- Environmental Health Department; School of Public Health; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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