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Wilson IM, Willoughby B, Tanyos A, Graham K, Walker M, Laslett AM, Ramsoomar L. A global review of the impact on women from men's alcohol drinking: the need for responding with a gendered lens. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2341522. [PMID: 38700277 PMCID: PMC11073422 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2341522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global evidence shows that men's harmful alcohol use contributes to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other harms. Yet, interventions that target alcohol-related harms to women are scarce. Quantitative analyses demonstrate links with physical and verbal aggression; however, the specific harms to women from men's drinking have not been well articulated, particularly from an international perspective. AIM To document the breadth and nature of harms and impact of men's drinking on women. METHODS A narrative review, using inductive analysis, was conducted of peer-reviewed qualitative studies that: (a) focused on alcohol (men's drinking), (b) featured women as primary victims, (c) encompassed direct/indirect harms, and (d) explicitly featured alcohol in the qualitative results. Papers were selected following a non-time-limited systematic search of key scholarly databases. RESULTS Thirty papers were included in this review. The majority of studies were conducted in low- to middle-income countries. The harms in the studies were collated and organised under three main themes: (i) harmful alcohol-related actions by men (e.g. violence, sexual coercion, economic abuse), (ii) impact on women (e.g. physical and mental health harm, relationship functioning, social harm), and (iii) how partner alcohol use was framed by women in the studies. CONCLUSION Men's drinking results in a multitude of direct, indirect and hidden harms to women that are cumulative, intersecting and entrench women's disempowerment. An explicit gendered lens is needed in prevention efforts to target men's drinking and the impact on women, to improve health and social outcomes for women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M. Wilson
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
- Judith Lumley Centre, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bree Willoughby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amany Tanyos
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Walker
- Politics, Media and Philosophy, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leane Ramsoomar
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Burton R, Sharpe C, Bhuptani S, Jecks M, Henn C, Pearce-Smith N, Knight S, Regan M, Sheron N. The relationship between the price and demand of alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, sugar-sweetened beverages, and gambling: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1286. [PMID: 38730332 PMCID: PMC11088175 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO highlight alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes as one of the most effective policies for preventing and reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases. This umbrella review aimed to identify and summarise evidence from systematic reviews that report the relationship between price and demand or price and disease/death for alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and SSBs. Given the recent recognition as gambling as a public health problem, we also included gambling. METHODS The protocol for this umbrella review was pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42023447429). Seven electronic databases were searched between 2000-2023. Eligible systematic reviews were those published in any country, including adults or children, and which quantitatively examined the relationship between alcohol, tobacco, gambling, unhealthy food, or SSB price/tax and demand (sales/consumption) or disease/death. Two researchers undertook screening, eligibility, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the ROBIS tool. RESULTS We identified 50 reviews from 5,185 records, of which 31 reported on unhealthy food or SSBs, nine reported on tobacco, nine on alcohol, and one on multiple outcomes (alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and SSBs). We did not identify any reviews on gambling. Higher prices were consistently associated with lower demand, notwithstanding variation in the size of effect across commodities or populations. Reductions in demand were large enough to be considered meaningful for policy. CONCLUSIONS Increases in the price of alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and SSBs are consistently associated with decreases in demand. Moreover, increasing taxes can be expected to increase tax revenue. There may be potential in joining up approaches to taxation across the harm-causing commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Burton
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England.
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health UK, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Casey Sharpe
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Saloni Bhuptani
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Mike Jecks
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Clive Henn
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Nicola Pearce-Smith
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, England
| | - Sandy Knight
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Marguerite Regan
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Nick Sheron
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Kings College London, London, England
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Clifford S, Wright CJC, Miller PG, Coomber K, Griffiths KE, Smith JA, Livingston M. What are the impacts of alcohol supply reduction measures on police-recorded adult domestic and family violence in the Northern Territory of Australia? THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 127:104426. [PMID: 38640706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 2017-18, the Northern Territory (NT) introduced a Banned Drinker Register (BDR) and Minimum Unit Price (MUP) NT-wide; Police Auxiliary Liquor Inspectors (PALIs) in three regional towns; and restrictions on daily purchases/opening hours (DPOH) in one regional town. The BDR is an individual-level alcohol ban; MUP is a pricing policy; and PALIs enforce bans on restricted areas at takeaway outlets. This study examines the impact of these policies on adult domestic and family violence (DFV). METHODS We examined DFV assaults and breaches of violence orders from January 2014 - February 2020 using interrupted time series models for NT, Greater Darwin, Katherine, Tennant Creek, and Alice Springs. To account for increasing numbers of individuals on the BDR we tested two timepoints (Sept 2017, March 2018). FINDINGS Following DPOH, assaults (78 %) and alcohol-involved assaults (92 %) decreased in Tennant Creek. After PALIs, assaults (79 %) in Tennant Creek, and breaches (39 %) and alcohol-involved breaches (58 %) in Katherine decreased. After MUP, assaults (11 %), alcohol-involved assaults (21 %) and alcohol-involved breaches (21%) decreased NT wide. After MUP/PALIs in Alice Springs, alcohol-involved assaults (33 %), breaches (42 %), and alcohol-involved breaches (57 %) decreased. BDR (Sept 2017) found increases in assaults (44 %) and alcohol-involved assaults (39 %) in Katherine and assaults (10%) and alcohol-involved assaults NT-wide (17 %). There were increases of 21 %-45 % in breaches NT-wide, in Darwin, Katherine, and Alice Springs. Following March 2018 found increases in assaults (33 %) and alcohol-involved assaults (48 %) in Katherine. There were increases - from 20 % to 56 % - in breaches in NT-wide, Katherine, and Alice Springs. CONCLUSION PALIs and DPOH were associated with some reductions in DFV; the BDR was associated with some increases. The upward trend commences prior to the BDR, so it is also plausible that the BDR had no effect on DFV outcomes. Although MUP was associated with reductions in the NT-wide model, there were no changes in sites without cooccurring PALIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Clifford
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
| | - Cassandra J C Wright
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter G Miller
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerri Coomber
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kalinda E Griffiths
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Health Equity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Darwin, Australia
| | - James A Smith
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kilian C, Klinger S, Manthey J, Rehm J, Huckle T, Probst C. National and regional prevalence of interpersonal violence from others' alcohol use: a systematic review and modelling study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 40:100905. [PMID: 38680248 PMCID: PMC11047785 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background While alcohol use is an established risk factor for interpersonal violence, the extent to which people are affected by interpersonal violence from others' drinking has not yet been quantified for different world regions. This modelling study aims to provide the first estimates of the national and regional prevalence of interpersonal violence from others' drinking. Methods An international systematic literature search (02/28/2023, Prospero: CRD42022337364) was conducted to identify general adult population studies assessing the prevalence of interpersonal violence from others' drinking with no restrictions to publication date or language. Reports that did not provide data on interpersonal violence from others' drinking (primary outcome), were no original research studies, or captured a selected group of people only, were excluded. Observed prevalence data were extracted and used to build fractional response regression models to predict past-year prevalence of emotional and physical violence from others' drinking in 2019. Random-effects meta-regression models were used to aggregate the observed prevalence of sexual and intimate partner violence. Study risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Findings Out of 13,835 identified reports, 50 were included covering just under 830,000 individuals (women: 347,112; men: 322,331; men/women combined: 160,057) from 61 countries. With an average prevalence of 16·8% (95% CI: 15·2-18·3%) and 28·3% (95% CI: 23·9-32·4%) in men and women combined in the GBD super regions High Income and Central Europe, Eastern Europe, & Central Asia, respectively, emotional violence was the most common form of interpersonal violence from others' drinking. Physical violence averaged around 3% (women) and 5% (men) in both regions. The pooled prevalence of sexual violence from others' drinking in men and women was 1·3% (95% CI: 0·5-3·3%, 95% PI: 0·1-16·9%) and 3·4% (95% CI: 1·4-8·3%, 95% PI: 0·2-35·3%), respectively, and ranged between 0·4% (95% CI: 0·1-1·6%, 95% PI: 0·0-7·3%) and 2·7% (95% CI: 1·1-6·3%, 95% PI: 0·2-30·0%) for different forms of intimate partner violence. ROB was moderate or critical for most reports; accounting for critical ROB did not substantially alter our results. Interpretation The share of the population experiencing harms from others' drinking is significant and should be an integral part of public health strategies. Funding Research reported in this publication was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; grant: CIHR FRN 477887).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kilian
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Sinja Klinger
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Program on Substance Abuse & WHO CC, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Taisia Huckle
- Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, 90 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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St Vil NM, Haley DF, Montgomery B, Williams M, Watson L, Zhang S, Wingood GM. An Exploration of Geographic Access to Substance Use Treatment Programs and Violence Against Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241246000. [PMID: 38605583 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241246000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Violence against women (VAW) is a significant public health and human rights issue, with an estimated 736 million women globally experiencing VAW. Consistent evidence demonstrates that substance use is associated with VAW and that participation in substance use treatment programs is associated with reduction in substance use-related violence. While evidence demonstrates the ability to address VAW through substance use treatment programs, less attention has been paid to geographic access to substance use programs. If these programs are geographically inaccessible, particularly to marginalized populations, many people will not get the help they need. This study seeks to explore the relationship between geographic access to substance use treatment programs on VAW. Using data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 064 study, longitudinal multilevel models were used to assess the relationship between neighborhood-level social determinants, with a specific focus on geographic access to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) certified drug and alcohol treatment programs and VAW. The study included 1910 women, ages 18 to 44, living in select geographic areas with high-ranked prevalence of HIV and poverty. The findings of this study indicate that among women who reside in census tracts with high prevalence rates of HIV: (1) substance use increases VAW; (2) VAW decreases as geographic access to SAMHSA-certified drug and alcohol treatment facilities increases; and (3) when looking at specific types of VAW, emotional and physical abuse decreases as geographic access to substance use treatment increases. Policies and programs to increase access to substance use treatment should be explored and evaluated, and more programs are needed that address the intersectionality of substance use and VAW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuaiqi Zhang
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gina M Wingood
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Miller AP, Appa A, Muyindike W, Fatch R, Kekibiina A, Beesiga B, Adong J, Emenyonu N, Marson K, Getahun M, Kamya M, Chamie G, Camlin CS, Hahn JA. A Qualitative Exploration of Intimate Partner Violence Among HIV/TB Coinfected Persons With Problematic Alcohol Use Participating in an Incentive-Based Alcohol/Medication Adherence Intervention in Uganda During COVID-19. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012231225229. [PMID: 38196278 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231225229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In Uganda, four in ten women report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past year. Salient drivers of IPV in sub-Saharan Africa include stress related to household finances, alcohol use, and partner infidelity. We conducted 42 interviews with participants (n = 32) in the Drinkers' Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis (DIPT) study which included economic incentives, and their partners (n = 10) to understand how participating in DIPT during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions impacted relationship dynamics in intimate partnerships. Our findings highlight the need to develop policies to address root causes of IPV and to ensure continuity of IPV services in future pandemics. Policy and programming recommendations based on study results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Miller
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ayesha Appa
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Winnie Muyindike
- Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Robin Fatch
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allen Kekibiina
- Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Brian Beesiga
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration (IDRC), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julian Adong
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Nneka Emenyonu
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara Marson
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moses Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration (IDRC), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gabriel Chamie
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carol S Camlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith A Hahn
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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7
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Shubina O, Mshana G, Sichalwe S, Malibwa D, Mosha N, Hashim R, Nahay F, Ayieko P, Kapiga S, Stöckl H. The association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence in young male perpetrators in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2185967. [PMID: 36927456 PMCID: PMC10026741 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2185967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol consumption is a well-known risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, few studies have been conducted among young males in low- and middle-income countries. Alcohol consumption and IPV are both complex phenomena, whose association requires more in-depth exploration regarding drinking patterns and the alcohol-related manifestation of five different forms of IPV. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to explore the relationship between alcohol use and IPV in young Tanzanian men and to identify differences in the magnitude of past-year IPV perpetration among alcohol drinkers and abstainers. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the association between various drinking patterns with the perpetration of different forms of IPV. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 1002 young males residing in Mwanza, Tanzania, was conducted in 2021-2022. Data on alcohol consumption were collected using the alcohol use disorder identification test. IPV perpetration was assessed using an index total of 19 items on acts of physical, sexual, economic, emotional abuse, and controlling behaviour. Logistic regression models were conducted to estimate the relationship between alcohol use and the perpetration of each form of IPV. RESULTS Among partnered respondents currently consuming alcohol (n = 189, 18.8%), the most and the least prevalent IPV forms in the past 12 months were controlling behaviour (84.1%) and physical IPV (25.4%), respectively. Those reporting recent alcohol consumption reported higher rates of all forms of past-year IPV perpetration compared to abstainers. While no form of IPV was associated with low-risk consumption versus abstention, all forms of IPV were associated with hazardous drinking. CONCLUSION Young men who drink alcohol, especially those drinking hazardously, are also more likely to report perpetrating IPV. An understanding of the different drinking patterns and manifestations of forms of IPV can contribute to better-tailored alcohol-related interventions and has the potential to improve young adults' health and reduce IPV perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shubina
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerry Mshana
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Neema Mosha
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Fauzia Nahay
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Philip Ayieko
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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8
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Vyas S, Jansen HAFM, Viet NNT, Gardner J, Loan TTB, Phan H. Changes in the Correlates for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Vietnam: Evidence From the 2010 and 2019 National Prevalence Surveys. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2699-2729. [PMID: 37654183 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231197566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to understand whether the risk and protective factors associated with current partner violence changed in Vietnam using findings from two comparable surveys conducted in 2010 and 2019. Fifteen (2010) and 17 (2019) factors were significantly associated with violence, and the level of consistency was high-nonpartner sexual violence, respondent and partner prior abuse, men's expressions of masculinity, and indicators of low economic status continue to put women at risk. Gender-transformative approaches that address power inequalities, foster positive parenting, and promote the political and social influence of women are required and should be adapted to the Vietnam context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hien Phan
- United Nations Population Fund, Myanmar
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9
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Blackburn N, Graham K, Walker MJ, Room R, Wilson IM, Waleewong O, Gilchrist G, Ramsoomar L, Laslett AM. Can alcohol policy prevent harms to women and children from men's alcohol consumption? An overview of existing literature and suggested ways forward. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 119:104148. [PMID: 37540918 PMCID: PMC10734562 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's list of cost-effective alcohol control policies is a widely-used resource that highlights strategies to address alcohol-related harms. However, there is more evidence on how recommended policies impact harms to people who drink alcohol-such as physical health problems caused by heavy alcohol use-than on secondhand harms inflicted on someone other than the person drinking alcohol, i.e., alcohol's harms to others. In this essay, we describe evidence of impacts of alcohol policy on harms to women and children resulting from men's alcohol consumption, as well as options for making policies more relevant for reducing intimate partner violence and child abuse. We begin with an overview of harms to women and children resulting from men's alcohol consumption and review cost-effective alcohol policies with potential to reduce these harms based on likely mechanisms of action. Next, we present a rapid review of reviews to describe existing evidence of impacts of these policies on the outcomes of physical violence, sexual violence, and child abuse and neglect. We found little evidence of systematic evaluation of impacts of these important alcohol policies on harms to women and children. Thus, we advocate for increased attention in evaluation research to the impacts of alcohol policies on harms experienced by women and children who are exposed to men who drink alcohol. We also argue for more consideration of a broader range of policies and interventions to reduce these specific types of harm. Finally, we present a conceptual model illustrating how alcohol policies may be supplemented with other interventions specifically tailored to reduce alcohol-related harms commonly experienced by women and children as a result of men's alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Blackburn
- Center for Health Behavior & Implementation Science, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, London/Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Jean Walker
- Department of Politics, Media, & Philosophy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol & Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid M Wilson
- Health & Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore; Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leane Ramsoomar
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of the Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Kowalski M, Livingston M, Wilkinson C, Ritter A. An overlooked effect: domestic violence and alcohol policies in the night-time economy. Addiction 2023; 118:1471-1481. [PMID: 36967701 PMCID: PMC10952798 DOI: 10.1111/add.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Restrictive late-night alcohol policies are aimed at reducing alcohol-related violence but, to date, no evaluations of their impact on family and domestic violence have been conducted. This study aimed to measure whether modifying the drinking environment and restricting on-site trading hours affected reported rates of family and domestic violence. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study used a non-equivalent control group design with two treatment sites and two matched control sites with pre- and postintervention data on rates of family and domestic violence assaults within local catchment areas of four late-night entertainment precincts in New South Wales, Australia, covering a population of 27 309 people. Participants comprised monthly counts of police-recorded incidents of domestic violence assaults from January 2001 to December 2019. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATORS Two variations of restrictive late-night interventions were used: restricted entry to late-night venues after 1:30 a.m., trading ceasing at 3:30 a.m. and other restrictions on alcohol service (Newcastle); and restricted entry to late-night venues after 1 a.m. and a range of restrictions on alcohol service (Hamilton). The comparators were no restrictions on late-night trading or modifications of the drinking environment (Wollongong and Maitland). MEASUREMENTS Measurements involved the rate, type and timing of reported family and domestic violence assaults. FINDINGS Reported rates of domestic violence assaults fell at both intervention sites, while reported domestic violence assaults increased over time in the control sites. The protective effects in Newcastle were robust and statistically significant across three main models. The relative reduction associated with the intervention in Newcastle was 29% (incidence rate ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.83) and an estimated 204 assaults were prevented across the duration of the study. The protective effects found in Hamilton were not consistently supported across the three main models. CONCLUSIONS Increases to late-night alcohol restrictions may reduce rates of domestic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Kowalski
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
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11
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Waterman EA, Rodriguez LM, Ullman SE, Dworkin ER, Edwards KM, Dardis CM. College students' perceptions of alcohol's role in disclosures of sexual assault and intimate partner violence. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37289969 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2214239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Much is known about how alcohol increases the risk of sexual assault or intimate partner violence victimization during college. This research qualitatively explores perceptions about how alcohol influences disclosures about these events to informal supports. Participants: Participants included college students who received a disclosure wherein they or the survivor were drinking during the disclosure (n = 81). Methods: Responses were coded with regard to who was drinking and whether the effect of drinking during the disclosure was perceived as positive, negative, mixed, or neutral/none. Results: Participants perceived alcohol to have both positive (e.g., increasing the likelihood of discussing difficult topics) and negative (e.g., cognitive impairment increased negative emotions) effects on disclosures. Conclusion: Prevention and intervention efforts should identify targeted strategies (e.g., remembering one or two easy and helpful phrases; revisiting the topic again while sober) to help survivors and disclosure recipients have constructive conversations in the presence of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Waterman
- Developmental Psychology, Bennington College, Bennington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Ullman
- Criminology, Law, & Justice, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily R Dworkin
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katie M Edwards
- Center for Research on Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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12
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Expósito-Álvarez C, Santirso FA, Gilchrist G, Gracia E, Lila M. Participants in Court-mandated Intervention Programs for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators with Substance Use Problems: A Systematic Review of Specific Risk Factors. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2023; 32:89-108. [PMID: 37383646 PMCID: PMC10294470 DOI: 10.5093/pi2023a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Men with alcohol and/or other drug use problems (ADUPs) court-mandated to attend intervention programs for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators have been identified as a high-risk, highly resistant group of IPV perpetrators, as they present lower treatment adherence and higher dropout and recidivism rates. Previous research suggests that IPV perpetrators with ADUPs may require tailored interventions to address their specific risk factors. The present systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to identify the specific risk factors in men with and without ADUPs on entry to court-mandated perpetrator programs. The following databases were searched from inception to November 2021: Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus. There was a screening of 3,995 records, and 29 quantitative studies were included in the review. Risk factors present in males court-mandated to perpetrator programs were grouped into four categories: sociodemographic risk factors, personality disorders and psychological adjustment, social-relational risk factors, and risk factors related to attitudes towards women. Results indicated that the main risk factors in IPV perpetrators with ADUPs, compared to those without, were higher clinical symptomatology (e.g., anger and impulsivity), personality disorders, poorer executive functions, having experienced more stressful life events, higher exposure to childhood trauma, lower intimate social support, and higher responsibility attributed to the offenders' personal context. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex phenomenon of IPV and ADUPs, and could help to inform key targets for perpetrator programs that may improve the well-being of their (ex)partners and increase the effectiveness of intervention programs for IPV perpetrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Expósito-Álvarez
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Faraj A. Santirso
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUKNational Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Enrique Gracia
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisol Lila
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain
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13
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Romero-Martínez Á, Lila M, Sarrate-Costa C, Comes-Fayos J, Moya-Albiol L. Neuropsychological Performance, Substance Misuse, and Recidivism in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2023; 32:69-77. [PMID: 37383645 PMCID: PMC10294454 DOI: 10.5093/pi2022a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has pointed out the importance of neuropsychological impairments in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators for reoffending/recidivism once treatment ends. However, less is known about whether substance misuse is associated with impairments or deficits, which facilitate recidivism. In this study, we first aimed to assess whether IPV perpetrators with (n = 104) and without (n = 120) substance misuse showed differences in specific neuropsychological variables in comparison with non-violent men (n = 82). Second, we examined whether there were differences in IPV perpetrators' recidivism and whether these differences were explained by neuropsychological performance. Our results revealed that IPV perpetrators with substance misuse showed worse cognitive performance than controls. Furthermore, we also found differences between IPV perpetrators without substance misuse and controls, but only in terms of executive functioning. There were no differences in neuropsychological performance between the two groups of IPV perpetrators, although those with substance misuse presented higher recidivism rates than those without substance misuse. Finally, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and worse attention functioning were related to high recidivism in both groups of IPV perpetrators. This study underlies the importance of performing neuropsychological assessments during the initial stages of intervention programs for IPV perpetrators in order to design coadjutant neuropsychological/cognitive training to address not only the psychological needs (including substance misuse) of IPV perpetrators, but also their neuropsychological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Romero-Martínez
- University of ValenciaDepartment of PsychobiologyValenciaDepartment of Psychobiology, University of Valencia;
| | - Marisol Lila
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia
| | - Carolina Sarrate-Costa
- University of ValenciaDepartment of PsychobiologyValenciaDepartment of Psychobiology, University of Valencia;
| | - Javier Comes-Fayos
- University of ValenciaDepartment of PsychobiologyValenciaDepartment of Psychobiology, University of Valencia;
| | - Luis Moya-Albiol
- University of ValenciaDepartment of PsychobiologyValenciaDepartment of Psychobiology, University of Valencia;
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Quispe AM, Roman-Lazarte V, Cornelio DK, Florez YM, Romero Q A, Vargas L, Sedano CA. Femicides and Victim's age-Associated Factors in Peru. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2023:15404153231163324. [PMID: 36912115 DOI: 10.1177/15404153231163324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background. Femicides are an increasing social problem worldwide. In this study, we aim to describe the trend of femicides in the prepandemic decade and characterize the femicide victims and their perpetrators. Methods. We assessed the trend of femicides in Peru during 2010-2019 and performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the femicides reported in 2019 using open data. Results. We analyzed 166 femicides reported in 24/25 regions of Peru in 2019 and calculated a yearly incidence of 1.01 femicides per 100,000 women. This incidence level represents an increase of 38% compared to the mean annual incidence from 2010 to 2018 (0.74 femicides per 100,000 women). Most femicides occurred in urban areas (64%), through strangling/asphyxiation (25.9%), stabbing (23%), and shooting (16%). Most victims were mothers (61%) 30 years old or over (51%). Most perpetrators have had a partner history with their victims (69%), 30 years old or over (62%), employed (57%), and consumed enablers (51%). Our regression analysis observed that the victim's age was associated with the perpetrator's age and partner history. Conclusions. Femicides are endemic in Peru, and the main characteristics of the victims and their perpetrators offer opportunities for tackling this social problem in Peru and similar low- to middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deysy K Cornelio
- 33205Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán Medrano, Huánuco, Peru
| | | | | | - Lucía Vargas
- 33209Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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15
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Underwood CR, Casella A, Hendrickson ZM. Gender norms, contraceptive use, and intimate partner violence: A six-country analysis. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2023; 35:100815. [PMID: 36738730 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While considerable research has explored associations between gender norms and various sexual and reproductive health behaviors (SRH) with the aim of informing programs, no studies have examined whether couple concordance on specific gender norms is associated with both contraceptive use and reduced intimate partner violence (IPV) experience. METHODS This study relies on analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) couples' datasets from Mali, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Zambia that were collected in/after 2015 and include the DHS Domestic Violence Module for female respondents. To examine the associations between couple concordance regarding household decision-making or justification of violence (wife beating) and women's use of modern contraceptives or experience of violence, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fit using Stata15. RESULTS Joint decision-making about large household purchases was significantly positively associated with modern contraceptive use in all study countries as well as with reduced odds of IPV experience in adjusted models in Tanzania and Zambia. In Nigeria, women's justification for violence was negatively associated with contraceptive use. Across settings, women in couples where both justified violence had significantly increased odds of reporting IPV experience. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that family planning programs should support joint decision-making as it was positively associated with contraceptive use across the six countries and is a proxy for shared economic power within the household. IPV reduction and prevention programs should also consider encouraging joint decision-making given the correlations found in two settings. Programs should enable participants to interrogate attitudes regarding justifying violence against female partners and propose approaches to avoid IPV. Finally, husbands' alcohol consumption, a strong predictor of IPV experience, has too long been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Underwood
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, USA.
| | | | - Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, USA
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16
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Nguyen V, Kertesz M, Davidson J, Humphreys C, Laslett AM. Programme responses for men who perpetrate intimate partner violence in the context of alcohol or other drugs: a scoping review. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/add-07-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Substance use plays a significant role in the perpetration of much intimate partner violence (IPV). However, responses to these two issues are rarely integrated. Single focus programme responses can lead to poor outcomes for men as well as their families experiencing these intersecting issues. This scoping paper aims to establish the current state of knowledge on contextual factors influencing the development and implementation of combined programmes.
Design/methodology/approach
Four electronic databases were systematically searched in May 2021 and December 2021. Twenty-one peer-reviewed studies reporting on ten programmes were included.
Findings
This scoping review revealed that combined programme responses are an underdeveloped area of research and evaluation. The limited evidence base indicated systemic barriers hindering services’ capacity to expand this field of work, affecting implementation and outcomes. Support is required from the wider service systems to intervene in men’s perpetration of IPV in the context of substance use.
Practical implications
Findings in this scoping review demonstrate the importance of fostering a coordinated and collective response to IPV in the context of substance use. Combined programmes have the potential to reduce siloed practices, enabling more holistic responses for men with intersecting issues. However, researchers and policymakers must also address contextual issues hindering or enabling combined programmes’ implementation and development.
Originality/value
Mapping the evidence based on combined programmes provides direction for further development and research to expand this field of inquiry.
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17
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Partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence against women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278196. [PMID: 36548221 PMCID: PMC9778561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence is increasingly gaining attention as the leading form of violence against women globally, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Given that substance abuse, especially alcohol consumption has long been associated with aggressive behaviour, emotional abuse, and sexual misconduct, it is surprising that studies on the potential association between partner's alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence are scarce. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the association between partner's alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence among women in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data of 89,229 women aged 15 to 49 in sexual unions from 21 sub-Saharan African countries were pooled from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Percentages with their corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the results of the prevalence of partner's alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between partner's alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence. The regression analysis results were presented using adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% CI. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of partner alcohol consumption was 36.3% [36.0-36.6]. The highest prevalence of partner alcohol consumption was found in Burundi (67.1%) with Mali (3.9%) recording the lowest prevalence. Similarly, the overall prevalence of physical violence, emotional violence, and sexual violence among the women were 19.7% [19.2-20.2], 25.0% [24.5-25.5], and 9.7% [9.3-10.1], respectively. In the pooled data, women whose partners consumed alcohol were more likely to experience physical violence [aOR = 2.37, 95% CI = 2.24-2.50], emotional violence [aOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.86-2.07], and sexual violence [aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.89-2.18] compared to those whose partners did not consume alcohol. In all the 21 countries, women whose partners consumed alcohol had higher odds for physical and emotional violence. The odds of sexual violence was higher among women whose partners consumed alcohol compared to their counterparts whose partners did not in 20 countries, except Namibia. CONCLUSIONS We found that partner's alcohol consumption increases women's likelihood of experiencing physical, emotional, and sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa. There is the need to implement behavioural change interventions targeted at male partners to reduce alcohol consumption. The findings call for the need to effectively create and organize support networks in addressing intimate partner violence among married and cohabiting women.
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18
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Wilson IM, Lightowlers C, Bryant L. Home drinking during and
post‐COVID
‐19: Why the silence on domestic violence? Drug Alcohol Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M. Wilson
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology Singapore
- Judith Lumley Centre La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Carly Lightowlers
- School of Law and Social Justice University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Lucy Bryant
- The Institute of Alcohol Studies London UK
- Social Policy and Criminology The Open University Milton Keynes UK
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19
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Forsdike K, O'Sullivan G, Hooker L. Major sports events and domestic violence: A systematic review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e3670-e3685. [PMID: 36129100 PMCID: PMC10087409 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased rates of domestic violence (DV) have been associated with events such as public holidays, seasonal variations, disasters and economic crises. Sport is seen as gendered, exemplifying hegemonic masculinity and associated violence, with the link between sporting culture and violence against women well recognised. This paper reports on a systematic review of empirical research literature exploring the link between major sporting events and incidence of DV. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Proquest Central databases from inception to December 2020 for quantitative studies examining major sports events and reports of DV using a pre-post comparison design. Study quality was assessed using the Kmet quality assessment tool. The review identified 1445 records following duplicate removal. Once screened and assessed for eligibility, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results are presented qualitatively due to the heterogeneity across studies. Most studies originated in North America and the United Kingdom, used police records as their data source for measuring incidences of DV and few looked beyond the day of the sports event for recorded incidences of DV. Studies reviewed suggested that there is an association between certain major sports events and increased reporting of DV. However, studies' findings conflicted with regards to whether increases were associated with contact sports, the rivalry between competing teams, whether the events were emotionally salient and whether alcohol was a contributing factor. In conclusion, there is limited research globally. Heterogeneity and conflicting findings mean that more research is needed to understand the associations and inform community prevention/interventions to address DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Forsdike
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, La Trobe Business SchoolLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Grant O'Sullivan
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, La Trobe Business SchoolLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Leesa Hooker
- La Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and MidwiferyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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20
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Chowdhury S, Singh A, Kasemi N, Chakrabarty M. Decomposing the gap in intimate partner violence between Scheduled Caste and general category women in India: An analysis of NFHS-5 data. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101189. [PMID: 35990408 PMCID: PMC9382320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scheduled Caste (SC) women, one of India's most oppressed and neglected population groups, are the most vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV, on the other hand, is less common among women in the General category. No study has been conducted to measure the gap in IPV between these two groups. This study is an attempt to fill this gap. This study aims to comprehensively explore the factors that underlie and explain the gap in IPV between SC and General women. Information on 10,168 ever-married SC and 9695 ever-married General women aged 15–49 from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey was analyzed. The Fairlie decomposition (Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition modified for binary outcomes) was used in this study to explain the gap in ever experience of IPV prevalence between SC and General women. About 37.3% and 24.4% of ever-married SC and General women in India suffered either physical or mental or sexual violence from their husbands. The large part of the gap in IPV between SC and General women was due to differences in husbands' alcohol consumption (26.33% gap), wealth index (24.48% gap), controlling behavior by husband (24%) and parental IPV (15.87% gap). With the introduction of appropriate interventions and programs, these gaps can be reduced. Interventions aimed at reducing alcoholism should be emphasized. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) was more prevalent in Scheduled Caste (SC) women than in General category women. Wealth, parental IPV, husband’s alcohol consumption and controlling behavior explained 90% of the SC-General gap in IPV. Group differences in husband’s alcohol consumption explained about one-fourth of the SC-General gap in IPV. Wealth index and husband’s controlling behavior explained about 24.5% and 24.0% of the gap in IPV, respectively. In short run, interventions aimed at reducing alcoholism should be emphasized.
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21
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Lowe H, Brown L, Ahmad A, Daruwalla N, Gram L, Osrin D, Panchal K, Watson D, Zimmerman C, Mannell J. Mechanisms for community prevention of violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A realist approach to a comparative analysis of qualitative data. Soc Sci Med 2022; 305:115064. [PMID: 35653892 PMCID: PMC7614855 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that community-based interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can effectively address harmful social norms that promote or sustain gender inequality and drive violence against women (VAW). However, understanding what actions communities are already taking to address harmful social norms and prevent VAW is an essential first step for intervention development. Towards this goal, drawing on collective action theory, we conducted a realist analysis of secondary qualitative data collected with communities in India, Afghanistan, Peru and Rwanda. We coded interview and focus-group data from 232 participants to identify the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes (CMO) relevant for community action. We synthesized CMO configurations from each dataset into a conceptual framework composed of three middle-range theories of mechanisms driving community action to prevent VAW in LMICs. Our results highlight the importance of dedicated spaces for discussing VAW, VAW leaders as positive role models, and community perceptions of VAW as a problem worthy of intervention. In Rwanda and Peru, there was strong evidence to support the operation of these mechanisms. Contextual factors, including national and local policy and programmes targeting VAW, activated mechanisms that led to community action. In India and Afghanistan, evidence for the presence of these mechanisms was weaker, with social norms about women's position and violence being a private family matter preventing communities from addressing violence. Despite contextual differences, our data demonstrated communities in all four settings were somewhere along a pathway of change towards VAW prevention. This supports the need to build future prevention interventions on pre-existing mechanisms that trigger community action, rather than implementing existing interventions without local adaptation. Our conceptual framework serves as a tool for assessing these mechanisms of community action as part of intervention development research, centring community knowledge and fostering local ownership for more relevant and sustainable VAW prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie Lowe
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK.
| | - Laura Brown
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | | | - Nayreen Daruwalla
- SNEHA (Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action), Mumbai, India
| | - Lu Gram
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - Krishna Panchal
- SNEHA (Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action), Mumbai, India
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22
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Mootz JJ, Fennig M, Wainberg ML. Barriers and facilitators of implementing integrated interventions for alcohol misuse and intimate partner violence: A qualitative examination with diverse experts. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 137:108694. [PMID: 35067398 PMCID: PMC9086116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol misuse and intimate partner violence (IPV) are major public health burdens with a well-established association. These problems are difficult to remedy individually and can exacerbate one another, compounding treatment complexity. Though scarce, integrated alcohol misuse and IPV treatments exist. Yet implementation remains inadequate. Thus, the current study applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to examine barriers and facilitators of implementing such integrated treatments. METHODS Through purposive sampling, we conducted in-depth interviews with diverse IPV and alcohol treatment experts (n = 21) whose ages ranged from 27 to 72 and who averaged 17 years of experience working in alcohol and IPV treatment. The research team conducted analysis using Grounded Theory Methods. RESULTS Experts identified barriers and facilitators for integrated treatment of alcohol misuse and IPV in three CFIR domains: intervention, inner setting and provider, and outer setting. CONCLUSIONS Leveraging the facilitators of implementation and addressing barriers at multiple organizational and intervention levels through an implementation science lens can help to close the research-to-practice gap for integratively treating alcohol misuse and IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Mootz
- Colombia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America.
| | - Molly Fennig
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, United States of America
| | - Milton L Wainberg
- Colombia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America
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23
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Rivas-Rivero E, Bonilla-Algovia E. Adverse Childhood Events and Substance Misuse in Men Who Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 66:876-895. [PMID: 34151615 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211013519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood events related to violence suffered have developmental consequences such as the reproduction of such violence in intimate relationships and substance misuse in the later life trajectory. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between suffering adverse childhood events and excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs in 120 men, with a mean age of 40.51 years (SD = 11.06), who have abused women in a relationship. The results indicate that those who suffered abuse in childhood and other adverse childhood events in the family of origin consumed alcohol and drugs in excess. Furthermore, the regression models show that alcohol consumption is related to previous substance use by parents, while drug use is related to leaving home due to family conflicts. Also, the consumption of alcohol and other substances is likewise associated with consumption by parents and conflicts within the family. The size of the effect of the relationship increases when different forms of poly-victimization coexist. Conflict treatment is necessary in any setting, especially when it takes place in the family environment and at an early age, to avoid the transmission of maladaptive behaviors associated with substance misuse and violence.
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The Perceptions of Domestic Violence by a Family Member Who Uses Crack or Cocaine: A Secondary Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106325. [PMID: 35627860 PMCID: PMC9141127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between crack/cocaine use and domestic violence perpetration from the perspective of substance users' families. A secondary retrospective cross-sectional study, with 3162 family members of crack/cocaine users seeking treatment in the Recomeço Família Programme in São Paulo/Brazil was undertaken. Family members of crack/cocaine users reported that their relatives were more involved in domestic violence such as stealing (money and objects) at home [Odds Ratio Adjusted ORA = 2.17 (CI 95% 1.87; 2.53)], the family gave money to the user to buy drugs [ORA = 1.27 (1.08; 1.48)], and having problems with the judiciary [ORA = 1.48 (CI 95% 1.28; 1.71)]. Relatives of snorted cocaine users reported that there was physical and interpersonal violence, such as fathers being assaulted [ORA = 2.50 (CI 95% 1.08; 5.82)], assaulted someone else [ORA = 1.86 (CI 95% 1.32; 2.60)], threats of violence fights, arguments when the family talk about problematic drug use [ORA = 1.50 (CI 95% 1.13; 1.96)] and threatened some family members [ORA = 1.52 (CI 95% 1.14; 2.04)]. In this sample, there was a connection between crack/cocaine use and the perpetuation of domestic violence, corroborating with important implications for public policies, substance use treatment and prevention of domestic violence interventions.
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Meyer S, Burley J, Fitz-Gibbon K. Combining Group-based Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators With Comorbid Substance Use: An Australian Study of Cross-sector Practitioner Views. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP7369-NP7393. [PMID: 33118446 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520969244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and problematic alcohol and/ or other drug (AOD) use has been well established in public health, social work and criminology research. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the correlation between these two problem behaviors, service systems addressing these issues have historically done so in siloed approaches to practice. AOD interventions have frequently been criticized for a lack of IPV focused assessment and practice. Similarly, specialist IPV interventions generally do not address clients' underlying risk factors, including problematic AOD use, through holistic intervention approaches. Suggestions to combine IPV and AOD focused interventions for men who use violence are often met with skepticism, raising questions around which sector could deliver a combined intervention approach and how different ideological standpoints in client work can and should be integrated into a combined framework. In this article, we examine the views of key stakeholders (n = 10) involved in the funding, development and/ or delivery of different service responses to men who use IPV in an Australian jurisdiction. Drawing on qualitative interview and focus group data, we explore their views around combined, group-based interventions, including the perceived need for such intervention models along with sector readiness and key considerations critical in informing the combining of IPV and AOD focused perpetrator interventions. Stakeholder findings identify the need for holistic responses to perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use. Further, findings provide guidance for funding bodies and community service providers considering combined, group-based interventions for perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use.
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Paphitis SA, Bentley A, Asher L, Osrin D, Oram S. Improving the mental health of women intimate partner violence survivors: Findings from a realist review of psychosocial interventions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264845. [PMID: 35299229 PMCID: PMC8929660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent and is associated with a range of mental health problems. A broad range of psychosocial interventions have been developed to support the recovery of women survivors of IPV, but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. METHODS Realist review following a prospectively published protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42018114207) and reported using the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards (RAMSES) guidelines. RESULTS Evidence was extracted from 60 reviews and triangulated in expert consultations. Mechanisms of action were categorised as either associated with intervention design and delivery or with specific intervention components (access to resources and services; safety, control and support; increased knowledge; alterations to affective states and cognitions; improved self-management; improved family and social relations). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that psychosocial interventions to improve the mental health of women survivors of IPV have the greatest impact when they take a holistic view of the problem and provide individualised and trauma-informed support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharli Anne Paphitis
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Abigail Bentley
- Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Asher
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Oram
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies Mediates the Association Between Positive Urgency and Sustained Binge Drinking in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Laslett AM, Graham K, Wilson IM, Kuntsche S, Fulu E, Jewkes R, Taft A. Does drinking modify the relationship between men's gender-inequitable attitudes and their perpetration of intimate partner violence? A meta-analysis of surveys of men from seven countries in the Asia Pacific region. Addiction 2021; 116:3320-3332. [PMID: 33910266 DOI: 10.1111/add.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although men's alcohol misuse and less gender-equitable attitudes have been identified as risks for perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), less is known about how men's gender-equitable attitudes and drinking act together to increase risk of IPV. This study aimed to assess the independent relationships of lower gender-equitable attitudes and drinking to perpetration of IPV and their interaction among men in seven countries. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the United Nations Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence (UNMCS) and Nabilan Study databases consisting of (1) unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression to measure the association of perpetration of IPV with gender-equitable men (GEM) scale score and regular heavy episodic drinking (RHED) and (2) meta-analyses of prevalence and effect estimates adjusted for country-level sites and countries. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 9148 ever-partnered 18-49-year-old men surveyed in 2011-15 from 18 sites in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Timor Leste. MEASUREMENTS The outcome variable is reported perpetration of physical or sexual IPV in the previous year. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES GEM scale scores; RHED, defined as six or more drinks in one session at least monthly (compared with other drinkers and abstainers). FINDINGS Pooled past-year prevalence of perpetration of IPV was 13% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9-16%]. GEM scores and RHED were independently associated with perpetration of IPV overall and in most sites. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for perpetration of IPV with less equitable GEM scores were 1.07 (95% CI = 1.04, 1.09) and with RHED were 3.42 (95% CI = 2.43, 4.81). A significant interaction between GEM score and RHED (P = 0.001) indicated that RHED increased the relationship of less gender-equitable attitudes and perpetration of IPV. CONCLUSION Both gender-inequitable attitudes and drinking appear to be associated with perpetration of intimate partner violence by men, with regular heavy episodic drinking increasing the likelihood of intimate partner violence among men with less equitable gender attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Melbourne School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Graham
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid M Wilson
- Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology, University of Liverpool in Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Fulu
- The Equality Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- Office of the Executive Scientist, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Angela Taft
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Hershow RB, Reyes HLMN, Ha TV, Chander G, Mai NVT, Sripaipan T, Dowdy DW, Latkin C, Hutton HE, Pettifor A, Maman S, Frangakis C, Go VF. Evaluating the effects of two alcohol reduction counseling interventions on intimate partner violence perpetration: secondary analysis of a three-arm randomized controlled trial among Vietnamese men with HIV. Addiction 2021; 116:2712-2723. [PMID: 33788329 DOI: 10.1111/add.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence suggests that alcohol reduction interventions decrease intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, although this remains untested in low- and middle-income countries and among men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study evaluates the effectiveness of alcohol reduction counseling interventions on IPV perpetration among men on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and tests whether alcohol use explains the intervention effects. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a three-arm randomized controlled trial among ART patients with hazardous alcohol use. Participants were recruited from March 2016 to May 2017. SETTING Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATORS Male participants (n = 426). Participants received a two-session brief intervention (BI), a six-session combined intervention (CoI) or the standard of care (SOC), comprising alcohol treatment referrals. Alcohol reduction counseling interventions were guided by cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy delivered by psychosocial counselors over 3 months. MEASUREMENTS IPV perpetration was measured using the shortened Conflict Tactics Scale 2 and alcohol use was measured using timeline followback. FINDINGS BI and CoI participants reported reduced IPV perpetration at 3 months compared with SOC participants [BI: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.11, 0.65; CoI: aOR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.22, 1.13]; the association was only significant for the BI group. Intervention effects were not sustained at 6 and 12 months. There was little evidence that alcohol use acted as a mediator (indirect effect, BI: aOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.63, 1.04; indirect effect, CoI: aOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.66, 1.03). CONCLUSIONS Among Vietnamese men receiving anti-retroviral therapy, alcohol reduction counseling interventions appeared to reduce intimate partner violence perpetration immediately post-intervention, but reductions were not sustained at 6 and 12 months and were not explained by alcohol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Hershow
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Luz Mc Naughton Reyes
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tran Viet Ha
- UNC Project Vietnam, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Teerada Sripaipan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David W Dowdy
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi E Hutton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Pettifor
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Maman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Constantine Frangakis
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivian F Go
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Chikritzhs T, Livingston M. Alcohol and the Risk of Injury. Nutrients 2021; 13:2777. [PMID: 34444939 PMCID: PMC8401155 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, almost four and a half million people died from injury in 2019. Alcohol's contribution to injury-related premature loss of life, disability and ill-health is pervasive, touching individuals, families and societies throughout the world. We conducted a review of research evidence for alcohol's causal role in injury by focusing on previously published systematic reviews, meta-analyses and where indicated, key studies. The review summarises evidence for pharmacological and physiological effects that support postulated causal pathways, highlights findings and knowledge gaps relevant to specific forms of injury (i.e., violence, suicide and self-harm, road injury, falls, burns, workplace injuries) and lays out options for evidence-based prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6008, Australia;
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6008, Australia;
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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Nardo T, Batchelor J, Berry J, Francis H, Jafar D, Borchard T. Cognitive Remediation as an Adjunct Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:161-191. [PMID: 33871785 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are associated with diverse neuropsychological impairments, with deficits in memory and executive functioning commonly observed. Cognitive remediation has been shown to be effective in other populations with cognitive impairments in these domains, including those with psychiatric disorders and acquired brain injuries, and it has been hypothesised to be similarly effective for those in treatment for substance use disorders. We aimed to systematically review the evidence for cognitive remediation interventions administered as an adjunct treatment to substance use rehabilitation. Studies were included if participants were receiving substance use treatment, if improving cognitive functioning was the main focus of the intervention and if they used an experimental design with a control condition receiving treatment-as-usual or an active control intervention. Two independent reviewers agreed on the final selection of 32 studies, encompassing cognitive remediation for working memory, memory, executive functioning and general cognition. Significant differences between intervention and control groups for cognitive test results and treatment outcomes were extracted and compared across treatment approaches. The review found considerable heterogeneity across studies, including in the types of interventions, the nature of participants and the outcome measures used. Further, a lack of quality studies with sufficient power meant that limited conclusions could be drawn, highlighting a need for further replication and research. However, findings indicate that cognitive remediation remains a promising potential avenue for improving cognition and treatment outcomes for those in treatment for substance use disorders. Protocol submitted prospectively to PROSPERO 30.09.2019, CRD42020150978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Nardo
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | | | - Jamie Berry
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Advanced Neuropsychological Treatment Services, Strathfield South, NSW, 2136, Australia
| | | | - Deyyan Jafar
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Nabaggala MS, Reddy T, Manda S. Effects of rural-urban residence and education on intimate partner violence among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis of health survey data. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:149. [PMID: 33849492 PMCID: PMC8045348 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against women is a major public health and human rights problem worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has one of the highest prevalence of IPV against women in the world. This study used meta-analysis to obtain pooled rural–urban and education attainment differences in the prevalence of IPV among ever-partnered women in SSA, and assessed whether the differences in IPV depended on the SSA region or period or women’s age. Methods We analysed IPV data on 233,585 ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years from 44 demographic and health surveys conducted between 2000 and 2018 in 29 SSA countries. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate overall rural–urban residence and educational differences in IPV rates among the women in SSA. Subgroup analyses were also done to investigate the sources of heterogeneity in the overall meta-analysis findings. Results The pooled prevalence of intimate partner violence was estimated to be 41.3% (37.4–45.2%). Regionally, the highest prevalence of IPV was in Middle Africa (49. 3%; 40.32–58.45), followed by East Africa (44.13%; 36.62–51.67), Southern Africa (39.36%; 34.23–44.49), and West Africa (34.30%; 27.38–41.22). The risks of experiencing IPV were significantly higher if the women had less than secondary education (RR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.07–1.22) compared to those with at least a secondary education. Generally, women who resided in a rural area had their risks of experiencing IPV increased (RR = 1.02; CI 0.96–1.06) compared to those who resided in urban areas, but the IPV increases were only significant in East Africa (RR = 1.13; CI 1.07–1.22). Conclusion In sub-Saharan Africa, intimate partner violence against women is widespread, but the levels are much higher among women with lower levels of education and residing in rural areas. Our findings have provided additional support to policies aimed at achieving SDG goals on the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa. For example, policies that advocate improved educational attainment, especially among women and communities in rural areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-021-01286-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sarah Nabaggala
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa.,School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
| | - Samuel Manda
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa. .,School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa. .,Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Phuntsho S, Dendup T, Putra IGNE, Gurung MS, Pelzom D, Wangmo N. Correlates of intimate partner violence in Bhutan: Evidence from the 2012 National Health Survey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-01-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis paper is to examine the factors associated with partner violence (IPV) in Bhutan.Design/methodology/approachThe nationally representative National Health Survey data conducted in 2012 was used. The survey included 12,210 women aged 15–75 years. Multiple logistic regression accounting for complex survey design was performed to assess the possible association of the putative factors with physical, sexual, psychological and any IPV experienced in the past 12 months before the survey.FindingsAlcohol consumption, quarrelling habits and extramarital relationships of husbands/partners were associated with the experience of all types and any IPV. Women performing household chores had increased odds of sexual and any IPV, and those whose husbands had low education levels were more likely to experience physical IPV. Women living in households with >9 members had reduced odds of physical and any IPV. Women married to older husbands/partners were less likely to be psychologically abused. Women from poorer wealth quintiles and who married before reaching 18 years of age also had greater odds of any IPV.Originality/valuePoor relationship quality, alcohol use, household size, low education, early marriage, poor wealth status and husband’s age were factors associated with one or more types of IPV in Bhutan. Interventions to reduce alcohol use, transform social norms, promote healthy relationships and enhance female empowerment through socio-economic programs may help prevent IPV.
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Pryor C, Boman JH, Hemez P. Using arrest and prescription data to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence and opioid prescriptions in the United States, 2006-2012. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108389. [PMID: 33139153 PMCID: PMC8565251 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has established a strong and positive correlation between substance use and intimate partner violence due to a complex interplay of individual, situational, and contextual factors. This study seeks to further explore this relationship in the context of the recent opioid crisis in which millions of Americans have been diagnosed with an opioid use disorder. Specifically, we analyze how opioid prescriptions relate to intimate partner violence within and between counties over time throughout the rise of the opioid crisis. METHODS This study employs an integrated dataset that merges crime data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, demographic data from the American Community Survey, and prescription opioid pill counts from the Drug Enforcement Administration to study the relationship between opioid pills prescribed per person and levels of intimate partner violence arrests from 2006-2012. Fixed-effects and mixed-effects techniques are both used. RESULTS Increases in opioid pill distribution volume within-counties over time are related to increases in intimate partner violence arrest volume (p ≤ .001). Additionally, counties which have higher amounts of opioid pills in circulation tend to experience higher levels of arrests for intimate partner violence than counties with fewer pills (p ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Policymakers who are dealing with the effects of the opioid crisis should consider the relationship between opioids and intimate partner violence when attempting to address either of these issues. Based on the results of this study, addressing opioid dependence and mitigating the extent of the crisis may also reduce intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori Pryor
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States.
| | - John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States; Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Paul Hemez
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
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Kypri K, Livingston M. Incidence of assault in Sydney, Australia, throughout 5 years of alcohol trading hour restrictions: controlled before-and-after study. Addiction 2020; 115:2045-2054. [PMID: 32107857 DOI: 10.1111/add.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In February 2014, pubs and bars in Kings Cross (KX) and the central business district (CBD) of Sydney, Australia were required to stop serving alcohol by 3 a.m. and operate a 'lockout' from 1.30 a.m. We studied changes in the incidence of assault during the following 5 years, including possible displacement. DESIGN Controlled before-and-after ecological study. SETTING Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS/CASES Assaults in specified areas in which police apprehended at least one person. MEASUREMENTS We compared change in non-domestic assault in KX and the CBD with adjacent areas, other city areas, and outer suburbs, adjusting for the trend in the rest of the state during three periods: 6 p.m.-1.29 a.m. ('pre-lockout'), 1.30 a.m.-2.59 a.m. ('lockout') and 3 a.m.-6 a.m. ('after last-drinks'). We constructed interrupted time-series models with terms for secular trend and season, producing incidence rate ratios (IRR) for step and slope parameters. We performed sensitivity analyses on impacts of missing location data. FINDINGS After the intervention, assaults fell 38% in KX (IRR for step change = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.79) and 10% in the CBD (IRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.80, 0.99). Assaults continued declining in KX (IRR for slope = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.982, 0.998) and later increased in adjacent areas (IRR for slope = 1.006, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.011) and earlier in the evenings in both KX and the adjacent areas. The net reduction was 627 assaults over 60 months post-intervention, i.e. 10 fewer per month. Estimates were robust to extreme assumptions about missing data. CONCLUSIONS The 2014 alcohol supply restrictions for pubs and bars in Kings Cross (KX) and the central business district (CBD) of Sydney, Australia were followed by a substantial reduction in the incidence of assault in KX and to a lesser extent in the CBD, possibly displacing some cases to adjacent areas and earlier in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, LaTrobe University, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kalk T, Shrestha B, Shrestha PN, Ferguson G, Bergenfeld I, Robbin Z, Clark CJ. A qualitative examination of alcohol use and IPV among Nepali couples in a violence prevention intervention. Glob Public Health 2020; 16:597-609. [PMID: 33090903 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1833959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts the physical and mental health of one in three women globally, with equally high rates in rural Nepal. The risk of physical violence, stalking, harassment, and homicide between intimate partners increases when alcohol is used by the perpetrator. This study evaluates the impact of Change Starts at Home, a nine-month intervention to prevent IPV in which 360 married couples in the Terai region of Nepal listened to a serial radio drama and engaged in Listening Group Discussions. A sub-sample of 18 couples were selected for individual in-depth interviews that were taken at the end of the intervention and 16 months later. Participants strongly and consistently associated alcohol use with IPV against women in their own and others' relationships. Husbands and wives agreed that men sustained reductions in alcohol use, conflict, and perpetration of IPV, attributed to improvements in communication, conflict resolution, and a reduction in alcohol expenditure following the intervention. The results of this study suggest that integrating programming on alcohol reduction within IPV prevention interventions in the Terai region of Nepal has benefits on couple functioning, alcohol consumption, and IPV perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terah Kalk
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Irina Bergenfeld
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zoe Robbin
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cari Jo Clark
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hershow RB, Reyes HLM, Ha TV, Chander G, Mai NVT, Sripaipan T, Frangakis C, Dowdy DW, Latkin C, Hutton HE, Pettifor A, Maman S, Go VF. Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and intimate partner violence perpetration: A longitudinal analysis among men with HIV in northern Vietnam. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240674. [PMID: 33064780 PMCID: PMC7567346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the link between alcohol use and male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) has been well-established, research is needed to test whether psychosocial factors interact with alcohol use to exacerbate IPV perpetration. We tested whether depressive symptoms influenced the strength and/or direction of the alcohol-IPV relationship among men with HIV in Vietnam. Methods This study is a secondary analysis using data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Participants were clinic patients with HIV and hazardous alcohol use. Questionnaires were administered at baseline, three, six, and 12 months. Alcohol use was assessed as proportion of days alcohol abstinent. Analyses were restricted to males who reported being married/cohabitating at baseline (N = 313). Multilevel growth models were used to test whether time-varying depressive symptoms modified the time-varying effect of alcohol use on IPV perpetration. Results Time-varying depressive symptoms modified the effect of proportion of days alcohol abstinent on IPV perpetration. However, the pattern of effect modification was not as expected, as reporting depressive symptoms weakened the alcohol-IPV relationship. At times when participants screened negative for depressive symptoms, those who reported higher proportion of days alcohol abstinent than usual had significantly lower odds of IPV perpetration (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.17, 95% Confidence Interval 0.06, 0.45, p = 0.0004). At times when participants screened positive for depressive symptoms, there was no observed effect of alcohol use on IPV perpetration (OR = 4.28, 95% CI 0.80, 22.78, p = 0.09). Conclusion The findings highlight the complex nature of the alcohol-IPV relationship and the need to investigate the intersection between hazardous drinking, mental health, and IPV. Men who concurrently report depressive symptoms and heightened alcohol use may be socially isolated from an intimate partner or experiencing fatigue, leading to less alcohol-related IPV perpetration. Mental health interventions addressing depression and alcohol misuse integrated into HIV services may reduce IPV perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - H. Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tran Viet Ha
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Yen Hoa Health Clinic, University of North Carolina Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Teerada Sripaipan
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Constantine Frangakis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David W. Dowdy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heidi E. Hutton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Audrey Pettifor
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Maman
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vivian F. Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Voith LA, Logan-Greene P, Strodthoff T, Bender AE. A Paradigm Shift in Batterer Intervention Programming: A Need to Address Unresolved Trauma. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:691-705. [PMID: 30060720 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018791268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem affecting women, men, and children across the United States. Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) serve as the primary intervention for men who use violence, employing three primary modalities: psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and other forms of group therapy such as alcohol or drug treatment. However, research indicates that program effectiveness of the primary BIP modalities is limited, due, in part, to the theoretical underpinnings guiding intervention such as learned behavior (psychoeducation), patriarchy as the root cause (Duluth model), and "dysfunctional" thinking (CBT). Considering the mental, physical, and economic toll of IPV on families and the limited effectiveness of current intervention approaches, an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current modalities and an incorporation of the latest science addressing violence prevention and cessation are paramount. This article draws upon existing theories of trauma and the etiologies of violence perpetration and proposes an alternative model of care for men with IPV histories. Experiences of childhood adversity and trauma have well-established associations with a range of negative sequelae, including neurological, cognitive, behavioral, physical, and emotional outcomes. Childhood trauma is also associated with later violence and IPV perpetration. Thus, incorporating trauma-informed care principles and trauma interventions into programming for IPV perpetrators warrants further investigation. Practice and policy implications of a trauma interventions for men with IPV histories, as well as areas for future research, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Voith
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Anna E Bender
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wilson IM, Graham K, Laslett AM, Taft A. Relationship trajectories of women experiencing alcohol-related intimate partner violence: A grounded-theory analysis of women's voices. Soc Sci Med 2020; 264:113307. [PMID: 32871528 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The association between male partner alcohol use and increased risk and severity of their perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) is well-established in quantitative research. However, few studies have explored the nature and trajectory of relationships involving partner drinking and abuse, and how women find pathways to safety. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD We conducted in-depth interviews with a community sample of 18 Australian women (aged 20-50 years) who reported feeling afraid when their male partner drank alcohol. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we identified key processes underpinning women's experience of alcohol-related IPV and mapped these over four relationship phases. RESULTS Partner alcohol use played a key role in how women interpreted and dealt with IPV victimisation. In early relationships, women spoke of not seeing or dismissing early warning signs of problem drinking and aggression in settings that normalized men's heavy drinking. Later, women identified patterns of inter-connected drinking and aggression, leading to questioning their reality, trying to 'fix' their partner's drinking to stop the abuse, and in the absence of change, learning to manage daily life around the drinking and abuse. In the third phase, giving up hope that the partner would stop drinking, women ended the relationship. Finally, after leaving the abuser, women attempted to reset normal around drinking behaviour but continued to experience trauma associated with others' drinking in social settings. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION For women who have experienced partners' alcohol use intertwined with violence in their relationship, changing their partners' drinking plays a central role in their journey to safety, possibly obscuring recognition of abuse and complicating their ability to leave. Greater understanding of the stages of the alcohol-IPV relationship can help health providers support women as they navigate these complex relationships, and provide appropriate support depending on the needs of women in their relationship trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Wilson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore; University of Liverpool in Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Taft
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zhang XD, Zhang J, Xie RS, Zhang WH. Sexual and reproductive health correlates of polysubstance use among female adolescents who sell sex in the southwest of China. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:59. [PMID: 32807180 PMCID: PMC7433201 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Substance use and adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes continue to be significant threats to female adolescents’ health and wellbeing, particularly to these marginalized subpopulations. Our research aimed to tackle knowledge gaps regarding the prevalence of concurrent substance use including alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug among Chinese adolescent female sex workers (AFSWs), while to assess the correlates between substance use and SRH risks; the needs for comprehensive SRH services were also examined in this study. Methods A cross-sectional study enrolled 310 AFSWs aged 15–19 years by using cluster sampling method in Kunming, China. Descriptive analysis was employed to characterize the participants who were regular-alcohol users, regular-tobacco users, illicit drug users and polysubstance users. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the SRH correlates of regular-alcohol use, regular-tobacco use, illicit drugs and polysubstance use respectively. Results There is a high prevalence of regular-alcohol drinking (83%, 257/310) among AFSWs, with 44% (136/310) smoking cigarettes regularly and 9% using illicit drug (27/310) in the past year. In multivariate analysis, AFSWs who had middle and high school education, had higher monthly income, experienced of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) and prior abortion, and regular-tobacco smoking were associated with increased odds of regular-alcohol drinking; engaging in unprotected sex while drunk, having STIs symptoms and using illicit drugs were significantly associated with regular-tobacco smoking; while AFSWs who had an illicit drug using- intimate partner, experienced forced sexual initiation, accessed unsafe medical providers for STIs treatment were associate with increased odds of illicit drug use. Moreover, 35% (105/298) AFSWs sought unsafe medical care for STIs treatment, or no treatment at all, among them, majority were using polysubstance (87%; 91/105). Conclusions Our findings reveal combined threats of substance use to AFSWs’ SRH and wellbeing in China, this study emphasises that the coordinated efforts are needed to integrate SRH promotion and harm reduction service across sectors, and not only fragmented measures. An effective response should include an agreed framework, indicators and targets supported by political will, solid leadership and policy reform to deal with AFSWs’ overlapping vulnerabilities in a systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Zhang
- Yunnan Research Centre for Healthcare Management, School of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,China-UK Research Centre for Reproductive Health (Yunnan Province), The Affiliate Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Public Health Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Sheng Xie
- School of Medical Humanities, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xue Fu Xi Lu Rd., Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,School of public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Research Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review: Infidelity, Romantic Jealousy and Intimate Partner Violence against Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165682. [PMID: 32781565 PMCID: PMC7459695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infidelity and romantic jealousy (RJ) are commonly cited relational level drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) but remain undertheorized and underutilized in IPV research and prevention. This global systematic review aims to characterize the existing research on real or suspected infidelity and RJ in relation to IPV and inform future research and programming. We systematically searched 11 databases for peer-reviewed research, published between April 2009 and 2019, that provided data on the prevalence or a measure of association (quantitative), or pathway (qualitative), between real or suspected infidelity or RJ, and IPV. Fifty-one papers from 28 countries were included and the evidence showed a consistent association between real or suspected infidelity, RJ and IPV. Our findings identify three overarching mechanisms and six pathways between infidelity, RJ and IPV. These provide support for prominent theories in the field related to patriarchal culture, threatened masculinities and femininities and a lack of emotional regulation and conflict resolution skills, but not evolutionary theories. Our findings suggest that researchers should use standardized measurement tools that make the distinction between RJ and suspected, confirmed and accusations of infidelity. Policy and programming should aim to transform traditional gender roles, accounting for infidelity and RJ and improving couple’s communication and trust.
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Arora T, Grey I. Health behaviour changes during COVID-19 and the potential consequences: A mini-review. J Health Psychol 2020; 25:1155-1163. [PMID: 32551944 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320937053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about profound changes to social behaviour. While calls to identify mental health effects that may stem from these changes should be heeded, there is also a need to examine potential changes with respect to health behaviours. Media reports have signalled dramatic shifts in sleep, substance use, physical activity and diet, which may have subsequent downstream mental health consequences. We briefly discuss the interplay between health behaviours and mental health, and the possible changes in these areas resulting from anti-pandemic measures. We also highlight a call for greater research efforts to address the short and long-term consequences of changes to health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arora
- College of Natural & Health Sciences, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ian Grey
- Lebanese American University, Lebanon
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Yoshizawa JK, Nascimento L, Iora P, Pelloso SM, Carvalho MDDB. Diminuição no uso de bebidas alcoólicas e a violência pelo parceiro íntimo. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2020. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc15(42)2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: A violência praticada por parceiro íntimo refere-se ao comportamento de parceiros ou ex-parceiros íntimos que resulta em dano físico, sexual ou psicológico, incluindo agressão física, coerção sexual, abuso psicológico e comportamento controlador. Sabe-se que o etilismo está associado ao aumento de tal violência. Objetivo: Analisar se a acompanhante do paciente em abstinência alcoólica referia menor índice de violência nesse período em relação ao tempo em que o mesmo fazia abuso de álcool. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal no qual foram selecionados homens ex-etilistas atendidos no CAPSad de Maringá e suas parceiras. Foi utilizado um questionário para violência contra parceiro (HITS) composto de 4 perguntas objetivas, cuja pontuação varia de 4 até 20. Valores iguais ou superiores a 10 indicam violência. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 53 mulheres de diversas faixas etárias e escolaridades. Desse total, 84,9% das participantes apresentaram pontuações menores no teste com o parceiro em abstinência em relação ao período em que o mesmo estava em uso/abuso de álcool. Das mulheres 15,1% não notaram diferença no nível de violência do acompanhante, estivesse ele em uso ou em abstinência alcoólica. Conclusões: Demonstrou-se claramente que o fato de cessar o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas reduziu o índice de violência infligida pelo parceiro.
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Greene MC, Heise L, Musci RJ, Wirtz AL, Johnson R, Leoutsakos JM, Wainberg ML, Tol WA. Improving estimation of the association between alcohol use and intimate partner violence in low-income and middle-income countries. Inj Prev 2020; 27:injuryprev-2019-043433. [PMID: 32371469 PMCID: PMC9121334 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a consistent correlate of intimate partner violence (IPV) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the magnitude of this association differs across studies, which may be due to contextual and methodological factors. This study aims to estimate and explore sources of heterogeneity in the association between alcohol use and IPV in 28 LMICs (n=109 700 couples). METHODS In nationally representative surveys, partnered women reported on IPV victimisation and male partner's alcohol use. We estimated the relationship between alcohol use and IPV using logistic regression and full propensity score matching to account for confounding. Country-specific ORs were combined using a random-effects model. Country-level indicators of health and development were regressed on ORs to examine sources of variability in these estimates. RESULTS Partner alcohol use was associated with a 2.55-fold increase in the odds of past-year IPV victimisation (95% CI 2.27 to 2.86) with substantial variability between regions (I2=70.0%). Countries with a low (<50%) prevalence of past-year alcohol use among men displayed larger associations between alcohol use and IPV. Exploratory analyses revealed that colonisation history, religion, female literacy levels and substance use treatment availability may explain some of the remaining heterogeneity observed in the strength of the association between alcohol use and IPV across countries. CONCLUSION Partner alcohol use is associated with increased odds of IPV victimisation in LMICs, but to varying degrees across countries. Prevalences of male alcohol use and cultural factors were related to heterogeneity in these estimates between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Claire Greene
- Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori Heise
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Wirtz
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Renee Johnson
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Wietse A Tol
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Peter C. Alderman Program for Global Mental Health, HealthRight International, New York, New York, USA
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Lila M, Gracia E, Catalá-Miñana A. More Likely to Dropout, but What if They Don't? Partner Violence Offenders With Alcohol Abuse Problems Completing Batterer Intervention Programs. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:1958-1981. [PMID: 29294698 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517699952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is general consensus that alcohol abuse is a risk factor to be considered in batterer intervention programs. Intimate partner violence perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems are more likely to dropout of batterer intervention programs. However, there is little research on intimate partner violence perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing batterer intervention programs. In this study, we analyze drop-out rates among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems and explore whether perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing a batterer intervention program differ from those who do not have alcohol abuse problems in a number of outcomes. The sample was 286 males convicted for intimate partner violence against women, attending a community-based batterer intervention program. Final (i.e., recidivism) and proximal (i.e., risk of recidivism, responsibility attributions, attitudes toward violence, sexism, psychological adjustment, and social integration) intervention outcomes were analyzed. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and one-way ANOVA were conducted. Results confirmed higher dropout rates among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems. Results also showed a reduction in alcohol abuse among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing the batterer intervention program. Finally, results showed that, regardless of alcohol abuse problems, perpetrators who completed the batterer intervention program showed improvements in all intervention outcomes analyzed. Perpetrators both with and without alcohol abuse problems can show positive changes after completing an intervention program and, in this regard, the present study highlights the need to design more effective adherence strategies for intimate partner violence perpetrators, especially for those with alcohol abuse problems.
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Murray LK, Kane JC, Glass N, Skavenski van Wyk S, Melendez F, Paul R, Kmett Danielson C, Murray SM, Mayeya J, Simenda F, Bolton P. Effectiveness of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) in reducing intimate partner violence and hazardous alcohol use in Zambia (VATU): A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003056. [PMID: 32302308 PMCID: PMC7164585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol misuse are highly prevalent, and partner alcohol misuse is a significant contributor to women's risk for IPV. There are few evidence-based interventions to address these problems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We evaluated the effectiveness of an evidence-based, multi-problem, flexible, transdiagnostic intervention, the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) in reducing (a) women's experience of IPV and (b) their male partner's alcohol misuse among couples in urban Zambia. METHODS AND FINDINGS This was a single-blind, parallel-assignment randomized controlled trial in Lusaka, Zambia. Women who reported moderate or higher levels of IPV and their male partners with hazardous alcohol use were enrolled as a couple and randomized to CETA or treatment as usual plus safety checks (TAU-Plus). The primary outcome, IPV, was assessed by the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS) physical/sexual violence subscale, and the secondary outcome, male alcohol misuse, by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Assessors were blinded. Analyses were intent-to-treat. Primary outcome assessments were planned at post-treatment, 12 months post-baseline, and 24 months post-baseline. Enrollment was conducted between May 23, 2016, and December 17, 2016. In total, 123 couples were randomized to CETA, 125 to TAU-Plus. The majority of female (66%) and a plurality of male (48%) participants were between 18 and 35 years of age. Mean reduction in IPV (via SVAWS subscale score) at 12 months post-baseline was statistically significantly greater among women who received CETA compared to women who received TAU-Plus (-8.2, 95% CI -14.9 to -1.5, p = 0.02, Cohen's d effect size = 0.49). Similarly, mean reduction in AUDIT score at 12 months post-baseline was statistically significantly greater among men who received CETA compared to men who received TAU (-4.5, 95% CI -6.9 to -2.2, p < 0.001, Cohen's d effect size = 0.43). The Data and Safety Monitoring Board recommended the trial be stopped early due to treatment effectiveness following the 12-month post-baseline assessment, and CETA was offered to control participants. Limitations of the trial included the lack of a true control condition (i.e., that received no intervention), self-reported outcomes that may be subject to social desirability bias, and low statistical power for secondary IPV outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that CETA was more effective than TAU-Plus in reducing IPV and hazardous alcohol use among high-risk couples in Zambia. Future research and programming should include tertiary prevention approaches to IPV, such as CETA, rather than offering only community mobilization and primary prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02790827).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeremy C. Kane
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy Glass
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Flor Melendez
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ravi Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Mayeya
- Ministry of Health–Zambia, Chainama Hills College Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Paul Bolton
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Rao S. A natural disaster and intimate partner violence: Evidence over time. Soc Sci Med 2020; 247:112804. [PMID: 31978704 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural disasters affect about 200 million people annually. Heightened intimate partner violence (IPV) is a gendered impact of these disruptive events. This study examines prevalence and correlates of IPV in four Indian states-TamilNadu, Kerala, AndhraPradesh, and Karnataka-before and after the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. Drawing on three waves of National Family Health Surveys of India-six years before, immediately after, and a decade after disaster, this paper evaluates if TamilNadu and Kerala (severely affected) exhibited higher prevalence of IPV than AndhraPradesh (moderately affected) and Karnataka (not directly affected). Logistic regression analyses determine association between IPV, state of residence (proxy for experience of disaster), and other covariates. To test hypotheses guided by vulnerability theory, IPV was regressed on socio-economic and demographic predictors for states across waves. IPV increased by 48% between 2005 and 2015. Increase in physical (61%) and sexual (232%) violence was highest in TamilNadu; emotional violence increased by 122% in Karnataka. State of residence was associated with IPV in the aftermath of disaster. In 2005, compared to Karnataka, odds of IPV were 98% higher in TamilNadu and 41% higher in Kerala. A decade after, odds were two times higher in TamilNadu than in Karnataka. Belonging to disadvantaged groups predicted higher odds of IPV in the year after disaster. Higher socio-economic status predicted lower odds of IPV, except in Kerala. Data point to ways in which socio-economic and demographic vulnerabilities factor into risk of IPV after disaster. Demographic factors of religion and caste appear to lose significance over time, but socio-economic factors continue to matter. Disaster response strategies seldom work without tackling long-standing inequities. Appropriate support systems for women and minorities in non-disaster situations are critical to ensure their conditions are not exacerbated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Rao
- Boston College School of Social Work, 204- McGuinn Hall, 140 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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Kane JC, Murray SM, Vinikoor MJ, Greene MC, Fine SL, Paul R, Murray LK. Concordance of Self- and Partner-Reported Alcohol Consumption Among Couples Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence in Zambia. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2568-2577. [PMID: 31557344 PMCID: PMC6904506 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazardous alcohol use is a predictor of intimate partner violence (IPV), and both are increasingly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The accurate measurement of alcohol consumption is therefore critical in IPV intervention studies that target hazardous drinking. Collecting a collateral report in addition to self-report is one convergent validity approach to improve alcohol measurement. We investigated concordance between self- and partner-reported alcohol use among women who reported recent IPV and their male partners in Zambia. METHODS Data were from the baseline of a randomized IPV intervention trial of 247 heterosexual couples in which a woman has reported recent IPV and her male partner has recent hazardous alcohol use. Both partners completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in reference to their own drinking and in reference to their partner's drinking. We calculated percent agreement across a range of outcomes: any use, quantity, frequency, and hazardous use. We also compared self- and partner-reported AUDIT scores using t-tests. RESULTS Concordance was poor across most outcomes. Percent agreement with respect to the women's drinking ranged from 60% to 65% across outcomes and with respect to the men's drinking from 51% to 89%. Women's average partner-reported AUDIT score (20.7) was statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than men's average self-reported score (15.8). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to collateral report studies conducted in the United States, concordance between self- and partner-reported alcohol consumption was poor among families experiencing IPV in Zambia. Given the possible biases associated with self-reported alcohol use, findings suggest that a convergent validity approach is useful in this research context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Kane
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North, Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Sarah M. Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North, Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Michael J. Vinikoor
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1720 2nd Ave., S., Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - M. Claire Greene
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North, Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Shoshanna L. Fine
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North, Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Ravi Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, University Teaching Hospital, PO. Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Laura K. Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North, Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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Taft A, Wilson I, Laslett AM, Kuntsche S. Pathways to responding and preventing alcohol-related violence against women: why a gendered approach matters. Aust N Z J Public Health 2019; 43:516-518. [PMID: 31777149 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Taft
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Ingrid Wilson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria.,Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria
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